Inflation rate (consumer prices)

This entry provides the annual inflation rate, as calculated by the percent change in current consumer prices from the previous year's consumer prices.

• Afghanistan

  5% (2017 est.)
  
  4.4% (2016 est.)

• Albania

  1.4% (2019 est.)
  
  2% (2018 est.)
  
  1.9% (2017 est.)

• Algeria

  1.9% (2019 est.)
  
  4.2% (2018 est.)
  
  5.6% (2017 est.)

• American Samoa

  -0.5% (2015 est.)
  
  1.4% (2014 est.)

• Andorra

  -0.9% (2015 est.)
  
  -0.1% (2014 est.)

• Angola

  17.2% (2019 est.)
  
  20.3% (2018 est.)
  
  32.1% (2017 est.)

• Anguilla

  1.3% (2017 est.)
  
  -0.6% (2016 est.)

• Antigua and Barbuda

  2.5% (2017 est.)
  
  -0.5% (2016 est.)

• Argentina

  25.7% (2017 est.)
  
  26.5% (2016 est.)
  
  note: data are derived from private estimates

• Armenia

  1.4% (2019 est.)
  
  2.5% (2018 est.)
  
  0.9% (2017 est.)

• Aruba

  -0.5% (2017 est.)
  
  -0.9% (2016 est.)

• Australia

  1.6% (2019 est.)
  
  1.9% (2018 est.)
  
  1.9% (2017 est.)

• Austria

  1.5% (2019 est.)
  
  2% (2018 est.)
  
  2% (2017 est.)

• Azerbaijan

  2.6% (2019 est.)
  
  2.3% (2018 est.)
  
  12.8% (2017 est.)

• Bahamas, The

  1.4% (2017 est.)
  
  -0.3% (2016 est.)

• Bahrain

  1.4% (2017 est.)
  
  2.8% (2016 est.)

• Bangladesh

  5.5% (2019 est.)
  
  5.5% (2018 est.)
  
  5.6% (2017 est.)

• Barbados

  4.4% (2017 est.)
  
  1.5% (2016 est.)

• Belarus

  5.6% (2019 est.)
  
  4.8% (2018 est.)
  
  6% (2017 est.)

• Belgium

  1.4% (2019 est.)
  
  2% (2018 est.)
  
  2.1% (2017 est.)

• Belize

  1.1% (2017 est.)
  
  0.7% (2016 est.)

• Benin

  -0.8% (2019 est.)
  
  1.7% (2018 est.)
  
  0% (2017 est.)

• Bermuda

  1.9% (2017 est.)
  
  1.4% (2016 est.)

• Bhutan

  5.8% (2017 est.)
  
  7.6% (2016 est.)

• Bolivia

  1.8% (2019 est.)
  
  2.2% (2018 est.)
  
  2.8% (2017 est.)

• Bosnia and Herzegovina

  1.2% (2017 est.)
  
  -1.1% (2016 est.)

• Botswana

  2.7% (2019 est.)
  
  3.2% (2018 est.)
  
  3.2% (2017 est.)

• Brazil

  3.7% (2019 est.)
  
  3.6% (2018 est.)
  
  3.4% (2017 est.)

• British Virgin Islands

  1.1% (2017 est.)
  
  1.1% (2016 est.)

• Brunei

  -0.2% (2017 est.)
  
  -0.7% (2016 est.)

• Bulgaria

  3.1% (2019 est.)
  
  2.8% (2018 est.)
  
  2% (2017 est.)

• Burkina Faso

  -3.2% (2019 est.)
  
  1.9% (2018 est.)
  
  1.4% (2017 est.)

• Burma

  8.8% (2019 est.)
  
  6.8% (2018 est.)
  
  4.6% (2017 est.)

• Burundi

  -0.6% (2019 est.)
  
  -2.5% (2018 est.)
  
  15.9% (2017 est.)

• Cabo Verde

  1.1% (2019 est.)
  
  1.2% (2018 est.)
  
  0.7% (2017 est.)

• Cambodia

  2.9% (2017 est.)
  
  3% (2016 est.)

• Cameroon

  2.4% (2019 est.)
  
  1% (2018 est.)
  
  0.6% (2017 est.)

• Canada

  1.9% (2019 est.)
  
  2.2% (2018 est.)
  
  1.5% (2017 est.)

• Cayman Islands

  2% (2017 est.)
  
  -0.6% (2016 est.)

• Central African Republic

  2.7% (2019 est.)
  
  1.6% (2018 est.)
  
  4.2% (2017 est.)

• Chad

  -0.9% (2019 est.)
  
  4.2% (2018 est.)
  
  -1.5% (2017 est.)

• Chile

  2.2% (2019 est.)
  
  2.7% (2018 est.)
  
  2.1% (2017 est.)

• China

  2.8% (2019 est.)
  
  2% (2018 est.)
  
  1.5% (2017 est.)

• Colombia

  3.5% (2019 est.)
  
  3.2% (2018 est.)
  
  4.3% (2017 est.)

• Comoros

  1% (2017 est.)
  
  1.8% (2016 est.)

• Congo, Democratic Republic of the

  41.5% (2017 est.)
  
  18.2% (2016 est.)

• Congo, Republic of the

  2.2% (2019 est.)
  
  1.1% (2018 est.)
  
  0.4% (2017 est.)

• Cook Islands

  2.2% (2011 est.)

• Costa Rica

  2% (2019 est.)
  
  2.2% (2018 est.)
  
  1.6% (2017 est.)

• Cote d'Ivoire

  -1.1% (2019 est.)
  
  0.3% (2018 est.)
  
  0.6% (2017 est.)

• Croatia

  0.7% (2019 est.)
  
  1.4% (2018 est.)
  
  1.1% (2017 est.)

• Cuba

  5.5% (2017 est.)
  
  4.5% (2016 est.)

• Curacao

  2.6% (2013 est.)
  
  2.8% (2012 est.)

• Cyprus

  0.2% (2019 est.)
  
  1.4% (2018 est.)
  
  0.5% (2017 est.)

• Czechia

  2.8% (2019 est.)
  
  2.1% (2018 est.)
  
  2.4% (2017 est.)

• Denmark

  0.7% (2019 est.)
  
  0.8% (2018 est.)
  
  1.1% (2017 est.)

• Djibouti

  0.7% (2017 est.)
  
  2.7% (2016 est.)

• Dominica

  0.6% (2017 est.)
  
  0% (2016 est.)

• Dominican Republic

  1.8% (2019 est.)
  
  3.5% (2018 est.)
  
  3.2% (2017 est.)

• Ecuador

  0.2% (2019 est.)
  
  -0.2% (2018 est.)
  
  0.4% (2017 est.)

• Egypt

  9.3% (2019 est.)
  
  14.4% (2018 est.)
  
  29.6% (2017 est.)

• El Salvador

  0% (2019 est.)
  
  1% (2018 est.)
  
  1% (2017 est.)

• Equatorial Guinea

  1.2% (2019 est.)
  
  1.3% (2018 est.)
  
  0.7% (2017 est.)

• Eritrea

  9% (2017 est.)
  
  9% (2016 est.)

• Estonia

  2.2% (2019 est.)
  
  3.4% (2018 est.)
  
  3.4% (2017 est.)

• Eswatini

  6.2% (2017 est.)
  
  7.8% (2016 est.)

• Ethiopia

  15.7% (2019 est.)
  
  13.9% (2018 est.)
  
  10.8% (2017 est.)

• European Union

  1.1% (2019 est.)
  
  1.7% (2018 est.)
  
  1.5% (2017 est.)

• Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

  1.4% (2014 est.)

• Faroe Islands

  -0.3% (2016)
  
  -1.7% (2015)

• Fiji

  3.4% (2017 est.)
  
  3.9% (2016 est.)

• Finland

  1% (2019 est.)
  
  1% (2018 est.)
  
  0.7% (2017 est.)

• France

  1.1% (2019 est.)
  
  1.8% (2018 est.)
  
  1% (2017 est.)

• French Polynesia

  0% (2015 est.)
  
  0.3% (2014 est.)

• Gabon

  2.4% (2019 est.)
  
  4.7% (2018 est.)
  
  2.6% (2017 est.)

• Gambia, The

  7.1% (2019 est.)
  
  6.5% (2018 est.)
  
  8% (2017 est.)

• Gaza Strip

  0.2% (2017 est.)
  
  -0.2% (2016 est.)
  
  note: excludes the West Bank

• Georgia

  4.8% (2019 est.)
  
  2.6% (2018 est.)
  
  6% (2017 est.)

• Germany

  1.4% (2019 est.)
  
  1.7% (2018 est.)
  
  1.5% (2017 est.)

• Ghana

  8.4% (2019 est.)
  
  9.8% (2018 est.)
  
  12.3% (2017 est.)

• Gibraltar

  2.5% (2013 est.)
  
  2.2% (2012 est.)

• Greece

  0.2% (2019 est.)
  
  0.6% (2018 est.)
  
  1.1% (2017 est.)

• Greenland

  0.3% (January 2017 est.)
  
  1.2% (January 2016 est.)

• Grenada

  0.9% (2017 est.)
  
  1.7% (2016 est.)

• Guam

  1% (2017 est.)
  
  0% (2016 est.)

• Guatemala

  3.7% (2019 est.)
  
  3.7% (2018 est.)
  
  4.4% (2017 est.)

• Guernsey

  3.4% (June 2006 est.)

• Guinea

  9.4% (2019 est.)
  
  9.8% (2018 est.)
  
  8.9% (2017 est.)

• Guinea-Bissau

  0.2% (2019 est.)
  
  0.3% (2018 est.)
  
  1.6% (2017 est.)

• Guyana

  2% (2017 est.)
  
  0.8% (2016 est.)

• Haiti

  14.7% (2017 est.)
  
  13.4% (2016 est.)

• Honduras

  4.3% (2019 est.)
  
  4.3% (2018 est.)
  
  3.9% (2017 est.)

• Hong Kong

  2.8% (2019 est.)
  
  2.4% (2018 est.)
  
  1.4% (2017 est.)

• Hungary

  3.3% (2019 est.)
  
  2.8% (2018 est.)
  
  2.3% (2017 est.)

• Iceland

  3% (2019 est.)
  
  2.6% (2018 est.)
  
  1.7% (2017 est.)

• India

  3.7% (2019 est.)
  
  3.9% (2018 est.)
  
  3.3% (2017 est.)

• Indonesia

  2.8% (2019 est.)
  
  3.2% (2018 est.)
  
  3.8% (2017 est.)

• Iran

  10% (2017 est.)
  
  9.6% (2017 est.)
  
  9.1% (2016 est.)
  
  note: official Iranian estimate

• Iraq

  -0.1% (2019 est.)
  
  0.3% (2018 est.)
  
  0.2% (2017 est.)

• Ireland

  0.9% (2019 est.)
  
  0.4% (2018 est.)
  
  0.3% (2017 est.)

• Isle of Man

  4.1% (2017 est.)
  
  1% (2016 est.)

• Israel

  1.8% (2020 est.)
  
  0.8% (2019 est.)
  
  0.8% (2018 est.)

• Italy

  0.6% (2019 est.)
  
  1.1% (2018 est.)
  
  1.2% (2017 est.)

• Jamaica

  3.9% (2019 est.)
  
  3.7% (2018 est.)
  
  4.3% (2017 est.)

• Japan

  0.4% (2019 est.)
  
  0.9% (2018 est.)
  
  0.4% (2017 est.)

• Jersey

  3.7% (2006)

• Jordan

  0.3% (2019 est.)
  
  4.4% (2018 est.)
  
  3.3% (2017 est.)

• Kazakhstan

  5.2% (2019 est.)
  
  6% (2018 est.)
  
  7.3% (2017 est.)

• Kenya

  5.1% (2019 est.)
  
  4.6% (2018 est.)
  
  8% (2017 est.)

• Kiribati

  0.4% (2017 est.)
  
  1.9% (2016 est.)

• Korea, North

  NA

• Korea, South

  0.3% (2019 est.)
  
  1.4% (2018 est.)
  
  1.9% (2017 est.)

• Kosovo

  2.6% (2019 est.)
  
  1% (2018 est.)
  
  1.4% (2017 est.)

• Kuwait

  1.5% (2017 est.)
  
  3.5% (2016 est.)

• Kyrgyzstan

  1.1% (2019 est.)
  
  1.5% (2018 est.)
  
  3.1% (2017 est.)

• Laos

  0.8% (2017 est.)
  
  1.6% (2016 est.)

• Latvia

  2.8% (2019 est.)
  
  2.5% (2018 est.)
  
  2.9% (2017 est.)

• Lebanon

  2.8% (2019 est.)
  
  6% (2018 est.)
  
  4.4% (2017 est.)

• Lesotho

  5.3% (2019 est.)
  
  3.8% (2018 est.)
  
  5.1% (2017 est.)

• Liberia

  12.4% (2017 est.)
  
  8.8% (2016 est.)

• Libya

  28.5% (2017 est.)
  
  25.9% (2016 est.)

• Liechtenstein

  -0.4% (2016 est.)
  
  -0.2% (2013)

• Lithuania

  2.3% (2019 est.)
  
  2.7% (2018 est.)
  
  3.7% (2017 est.)

• Luxembourg

  1.7% (2019 est.)
  
  1.5% (2018 est.)
  
  1.7% (2017 est.)

• Macau

  2.7% (2019 est.)
  
  3% (2018 est.)
  
  1.2% (2017 est.)

• Madagascar

  5.6% (2019 est.)
  
  8.6% (2018 est.)
  
  8.5% (2017 est.)

• Malawi

  9.3% (2019 est.)
  
  12.4% (2018 est.)
  
  11.7% (2017 est.)

• Malaysia

  0.6% (2019 est.)
  
  0.9% (2018 est.)
  
  3.8% (2017 est.)
  
  note: approximately 30% of goods are price-controlled

• Maldives

  2.3% (2017 est.)
  
  0.8% (2016 est.)

• Mali

  1.9% (2018 est.)
  
  1.8% (2017 est.)
  
  1.7% (2017 est.)

• Malta

  1.6% (2019 est.)
  
  1.1% (2018 est.)
  
  1.3% (2017 est.)

• Marshall Islands

  0% (2017 est.)
  
  -1.5% (2016 est.)

• Mauritania

  2.2% (2019 est.)
  
  3.1% (2018 est.)
  
  2.2% (2017 est.)

• Mauritius

  0.4% (2019 est.)
  
  3.2% (2018 est.)
  
  3.6% (2017 est.)

• Mexico

  3.6% (2019 est.)
  
  4.9% (2018 est.)
  
  6% (2017 est.)

• Micronesia, Federated States of

  0.5% (2017 est.)
  
  0.5% (2016 est.)

• Moldova

  4.8% (2019 est.)
  
  3% (2018 est.)
  
  6.5% (2017 est.)

• Monaco

  1.5% (2010)

• Mongolia

  4.6% (2017 est.)
  
  0.5% (2016 est.)

• Montenegro

  0.3% (2019 est.)
  
  2.6% (2018 est.)
  
  2.3% (2017 est.)

• Montserrat

  1.2% (2017 est.)
  
  -0.2% (2016 est.)

• Morocco

  0.2% (2019 est.)
  
  2% (2018 est.)
  
  0.7% (2017 est.)

• Mozambique

  2.7% (2019 est.)
  
  3.9% (2018 est.)
  
  15.4% (2017 est.)

• Namibia

  3.7% (2019 est.)
  
  4.2% (2018 est.)
  
  6.1% (2017 est.)

• Nauru

  5.1% (2017 est.)
  
  8.2% (2016 est.)

• Nepal

  4.5% (2017 est.)
  
  9.9% (2016 est.)

• Netherlands

  2.6% (2019 est.)
  
  1.7% (2018 est.)
  
  1.3% (2017 est.)

• New Caledonia

  1.4% (2017 est.)
  
  0.6% (2016 est.)

• New Zealand

  1.6% (2019 est.)
  
  1.5% (2018 est.)
  
  1.8% (2017 est.)

• Nicaragua

  5.3% (2019 est.)
  
  4.9% (2018 est.)
  
  3.8% (2017 est.)

• Niger

  -2.5% (2019 est.)
  
  6.3% (2018 est.)
  
  2.3% (2017 est.)

• Nigeria

  11.3% (2019 est.)
  
  12.1% (2018 est.)
  
  16.5% (2017 est.)

• Niue

  4% (2005)

• North Macedonia

  0.7% (2019 est.)
  
  1.4% (2018 est.)
  
  1.3% (2017 est.)

• Northern Mariana Islands

  0.3% (2016 est.)
  
  0.1% (2015 est.)

• Norway

  2.1% (2019 est.)
  
  2.7% (2018 est.)
  
  1.8% (2017 est.)

• Oman

  0.1% (2019 est.)
  
  0.7% (2018 est.)
  
  1.7% (2017 est.)

• Pakistan

  9.3% (2019 est.)
  
  5.2% (2018 est.)
  
  4.2% (2017 est.)

• Palau

  0.9% (2017 est.)
  
  -1% (2016 est.)

• Panama

  0.9% (2017 est.)
  
  0.7% (2016 est.)

• Papua New Guinea

  5.4% (2017 est.)
  
  6.7% (2016 est.)

• Paraguay

  3.6% (2017 est.)
  
  4.1% (2016 est.)

• Peru

  2.1% (2019 est.)
  
  1.3% (2018 est.)
  
  2.8% (2017 est.)
  
  note: data are for metropolitan Lima, annual average

• Philippines

  2.4% (2019 est.)
  
  5.2% (2018 est.)
  
  2.8% (2017 est.)

• Poland

  2.1% (2019 est.)
  
  1.7% (2018 est.)
  
  2% (2017 est.)

• Portugal

  0.3% (2019 est.)
  
  0.9% (2018 est.)
  
  1.3% (2017 est.)

• Puerto Rico

  1.8% (2017 est.)
  
  -0.3% (2016 est.)

• Qatar

  -0.6% (2019 est.)
  
  0.2% (2018 est.)
  
  0.3% (2017 est.)

• Romania

  3.8% (2019 est.)
  
  4.6% (2018 est.)
  
  1.3% (2017 est.)

• Russia

  4.4% (2019 est.)
  
  2.8% (2018 est.)
  
  3.7% (2017 est.)

• Rwanda

  3.3% (2019 est.)
  
  -0.3% (2018 est.)
  
  8.4% (2017 est.)

• Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha

  4% (2012 est.)

• Saint Kitts and Nevis

  0% (2017 est.)
  
  -0.3% (2016 est.)

• Saint Lucia

  0.1% (2017 est.)
  
  -3.1% (2016 est.)

• Saint Pierre and Miquelon

  1.5% (2015)
  
  4.5% (2010)

• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

  2.2% (2017 est.)
  
  -0.2% (2016 est.)

• Samoa

  1.3% (2017 est.)
  
  0.1% (2016 est.)

• San Marino

  1% (2017 est.)
  
  0.6% (2016 est.)

• Sao Tome and Principe

  7.8% (2018 est.)
  
  5.6% (2017 est.)
  
  5.7% (2017 est.)

• Saudi Arabia

  -2% (2019 est.)
  
  -4.5% (2018 est.)
  
  -0.8% (2017 est.)

• Senegal

  -0.8% (2019 est.)
  
  0.4% (2018 est.)
  
  1.3% (2017 est.)

• Serbia

  -0.1% (2019 est.)
  
  -1.1% (2018 est.)
  
  2% (2017 est.)

• Seychelles

  1.8% (2019 est.)
  
  3.7% (2018 est.)
  
  2.8% (2017 est.)

• Sierra Leone

  14.8% (2019 est.)
  
  16% (2018 est.)
  
  18.2% (2017 est.)

• Singapore

  0.5% (2019 est.)
  
  0.4% (2018 est.)
  
  0.5% (2017 est.)

• Sint Maarten

  4% (2012 est.)
  
  0.7% (2009 est.)

• Slovakia

  2.6% (2019 est.)
  
  2.5% (2018 est.)
  
  1.3% (2017 est.)

• Slovenia

  1.6% (2019 est.)
  
  1.7% (2018 est.)
  
  1.4% (2017 est.)

• Solomon Islands

  0.5% (2017 est.)
  
  0.5% (2016 est.)

• Somalia

  1.5% (2017 est.)
  
  -71.1% (2016 est.)

• South Africa

  4.1% (2019 est.)
  
  4.6% (2018 est.)
  
  5.2% (2017 est.)

• South Sudan

  187.9% (2017 est.)
  
  379.8% (2016 est.)

• Spain

  0.7% (2019 est.)
  
  1.6% (2018 est.)
  
  1.9% (2017 est.)

• Sri Lanka

  4.3% (2019 est.)
  
  4.2% (2018 est.)
  
  6.5% (2017 est.)

• Sudan

  50.2% (2019 est.)
  
  62.8% (2018 est.)
  
  32.5% (2017 est.)

• Suriname

  22% (2017 est.)
  
  55.5% (2016 est.)

• Sweden

  1.7% (2019 est.)
  
  1.9% (2018 est.)
  
  1.7% (2017 est.)

• Switzerland

  0.3% (2019 est.)
  
  0.9% (2018 est.)
  
  0.5% (2017 est.)

• Syria

  28.1% (2017 est.)
  
  47.3% (2016 est.)

• Taiwan

  0.5% (2019 est.)
  
  1.3% (2018 est.)
  
  0.6% (2017 est.)

• Tajikistan

  7.7% (2019 est.)
  
  3.9% (2018 est.)
  
  7.3% (2017 est.)

• Tanzania

  3.4% (2019 est.)
  
  3.5% (2018 est.)
  
  5.3% (2017 est.)

• Thailand

  0.7% (2019 est.)
  
  1% (2018 est.)
  
  0.6% (2017 est.)

• Timor-Leste

  0.6% (2017 est.)
  
  -1.3% (2016 est.)

• Togo

  0.6% (2019 est.)
  
  0.9% (2018 est.)
  
  -0.9% (2017 est.)

• Tokelau

  4% (2020 est.)
  
  2.5% (2019 est.)
  
  11% (2017 est.)
  
  note: Tokelau notes that its wide inflation swings are due almost entirely due to cigarette prices, a chief import.

• Tonga

  7.4% (2017 est.)
  
  2.6% (2016 est.)

• Trinidad and Tobago

  1.9% (2017 est.)
  
  3.1% (2016 est.)

• Tunisia

  6.7% (2019 est.)
  
  7.2% (2018 est.)
  
  5.3% (2017 est.)

• Turkey (Turkiye)

  15.4% (2019 est.)
  
  16.2% (2018 est.)
  
  11.1% (2017 est.)

• Turkmenistan

  8% (2017 est.)
  
  3.6% (2016 est.)

• Turks and Caicos Islands

  4% (2017 est.)
  
  0.7% (2016 est.)

• Tuvalu

  4.1% (2017 est.)
  
  3.5% (2016 est.)

• Uganda

  2.8% (2019 est.)
  
  2.6% (2018 est.)
  
  5.6% (2017 est.)

• Ukraine

  7.9% (2019 est.)
  
  11% (2018 est.)
  
  14.4% (2017 est.)
  
  note: Excluding the temporarily occupied territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the city of Sevastopol and part of the anti-terrorist operation zone

• United Arab Emirates

  -1.9% (2019 est.)
  
  3% (2018 est.)
  
  1.9% (2017 est.)

• United Kingdom

  1.7% (2019 est.)
  
  2.4% (2018 est.)
  
  2.6% (2017 est.)

• United States

  1.8% (2019 est.)
  
  2.4% (2018 est.)
  
  2.1% (2017 est.)

• Uruguay

  7.8% (2019 est.)
  
  7.5% (2018 est.)
  
  6.2% (2017 est.)

• Uzbekistan

  12.5% (2017 est.)
  
  8% (2016 est.)
  
  note: official data; based on independent analysis of consumer prices, inflation reached 22% in 2012

• Vanuatu

  3.1% (2017 est.)
  
  0.8% (2016 est.)

• Venezuela

  146,101.7% (2019 est.)
  
  45,518.1% (2018 est.)
  
  416.8% (2017 est.)

• Vietnam

  2.7% (2019 est.)
  
  3.5% (2018 est.)
  
  3.5% (2017 est.)

• Virgin Islands

  1% (2016 est.)
  
  2.6% (2015 est.)

• Wallis and Futuna

  0.9% (2015)
  
  2.8% (2005)

• West Bank

  0.2% (2017 est.)
  
  -0.2% (2016 est.)
  
  note: excludes Gaza Strip

• World

  6.4% (2017 est.)
  
  3.7% (2016 est.)
  
  developed countries: 1.9% (2017 est.) 0.9% (2016 est.)
  
  developing countries: 8.8% (2017 est.) 3.7% (2016 est.)
  
  note: the above estimates are weighted averages; inflation in developed countries is 0% to 4% typically, in developing countries, 4% to 10% typically; national inflation rates vary widely in individual cases; inflation rates have declined for most countries for the last several years, held in check by increasing international competition from several low wage countries and by soft demand due to the world financial crisis

• Yemen

  24.7% (2017 est.)
  
  -12.6% (2016 est.)

• Zambia

  9.1% (2019 est.)
  
  7.4% (2018 est.)
  
  6.5% (2017 est.)

• Zimbabwe

  241.7% (2019 est.)
  
  10.6% (2018 est.)
  
  0.9% (2017 est.)