Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

This entry gives the dollar value for the stock of all financial assets that are available to the central monetary authority for use in meeting a country's balance of payments needs as of the end-date of the period specified. This category includes not only foreign currency and gold, but also a country's holdings of Special Drawing Rights in the International Monetary Fund, and its reserve position in the Fund.

• Afghanistan

  $7.187 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $6.901 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

• Albania

  $3.59 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $3.109 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Algeria

  $97.89 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $114.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Angola

  $17.29 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $23.74 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Anguilla

  $76.38 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $48.14 million (31 December 2015 est.)

• Argentina

  $55.33 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $38.43 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Armenia

  $2.314 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $2.204 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Aruba

  $921.8 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $828 million (31 December 2015 est.)

• Australia

  $66.58 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $55.07 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Austria

  $21.57 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $23.36 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Azerbaijan

  $6.681 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $7.142 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Bahamas, The

  $1.522 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $1.002 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Bahrain

  $2.349 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $3.094 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Bangladesh

  $33.42 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $32.28 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Barbados

  $264.5 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $341.8 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Belarus

  $7.315 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $4.927 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Belgium

  $26.16 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $24.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

• Belize

  $312.1 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $376.7 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Benin

  $698.9 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $57.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Bhutan

  $1.206 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $1.127 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Bolivia

  $10.26 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $10.08 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Bosnia and Herzegovina

  $6.474 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $5.137 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Botswana

  $7.491 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $7.189 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Brazil

  $374 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $367.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Brunei

  $3.488 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $3.366 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

• Bulgaria

  $28.38 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $25.13 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Burkina Faso

  $49 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $50.9 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Burma

  $4.924 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $4.63 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Burundi

  $97.4 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $95.17 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Cabo Verde

  $617.4 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $572.7 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Cambodia

  $12.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $9.122 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Cameroon

  $3.235 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $2.26 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Canada

  $86.68 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $82.72 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Central African Republic

  $304.3 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $252.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Chad

  $22.9 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $20.92 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Chile

  $38.98 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $40.49 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• China

  $3.236 trillion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $3.098 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Colombia

  $47.13 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $46.18 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Comoros

  $208 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $159.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Congo, Democratic Republic of the

  $457.5 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $708.2 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Congo, Republic of the

  $505.7 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $727.1 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Costa Rica

  $7.15 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $7.574 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Cote d'Ivoire

  $6.257 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $4.935 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Croatia

  $18.82 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $14.24 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Cuba

  $11.35 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $12.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Curacao

  $0 (31 December 2017 est.)

• Cyprus

  $888.2 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $817.7 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Czechia

  $148 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $85.73 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Denmark

  $75.25 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $64.25 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Djibouti

  $547.7 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $398.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Dominica

  $212.3 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $221.9 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Dominican Republic

  $6.873 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $6.134 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Ecuador

  $2.395 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $4.259 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Egypt

  $35.89 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $23.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• El Salvador

  $3.567 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $3.238 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Equatorial Guinea

  $45.5 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $62.31 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Eritrea

  $236.7 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $218.4 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Estonia

  $345 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $352.2 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Eswatini

  $563.1 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $564.4 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Ethiopia

  $3.013 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $3.022 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• European Union

  $740.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  
  $746.9 billion (31 December 2013)
  
  note: data are for the European Central Bank

• Fiji

  $1.116 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $908.6 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Finland

  $10.51 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $11.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• France

  $156.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $138.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

• Gabon

  $981.6 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $804.1 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Gambia, The

  $170 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $87.64 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Gaza Strip

  $446.3 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $583 million (31 December 2015 est.)

• Georgia

  $3.039 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $2.756 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Germany

  $200.1 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $173.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

• Ghana

  $7.555 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $6.162 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Greece

  $7.807 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $6.026 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

• Grenada

  $199.1 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $198 million (31 December 2015 est.)

• Guatemala

  $11.77 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $9.156 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Guinea

  $331.8 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $383.4 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Guinea-Bissau

  $356.4 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $349.4 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Guyana

  $565.4 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $581 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Haiti

  $2.361 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $2.11 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Honduras

  $4.708 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $3.814 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Hong Kong

  $431.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $386.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Hungary

  $28 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $25.82 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Iceland

  $6.567 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $7.226 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• India

  $409.8 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $359.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Indonesia

  $130.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

• Iran

  $120.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $133.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Iraq

  $48.88 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $45.36 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Ireland

  $4.412 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $2.203 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

• Israel

  $173.292 billion (2020 est.)
  
  $113 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $95.45 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Italy

  $151.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $130.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

• Jamaica

  $3.781 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $2.719 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Japan

  $1.264 trillion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $1.233 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)

• Jordan

  $15.56 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $15.54 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Kazakhstan

  $30.75 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $29.53 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Kenya

  $7.354 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $7.256 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Kiribati

  $0 (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $8.37 million (31 December 2010 est.)

• Korea, South

  $389.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $371.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Kosovo

  $683.9 million (31 December 2016 est.)
  
  $708.7 million (31 December 2015 est.)

• Kuwait

  $33.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $31.13 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Kyrgyzstan

  $2.177 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $1.97 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Laos

  $1.27 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $940.1 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Latvia

  $4.614 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $3.514 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Lebanon

  $55.42 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $54.04 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Lesotho

  $657.7 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $925.2 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Liberia

  $459.8 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $528.7 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Libya

  $74.71 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $66.05 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Lithuania

  $4.45 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $1.697 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

• Luxembourg

  $878 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $974 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Macau

  $20.17 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $18.89 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
  
  note: the Fiscal Reserves Act that came into force on 1 January 2012 requires the fiscal reserves to be separated from the foreign exchange reserves and to be managed separately; the transfer of assets took place in February 2012

• Madagascar

  $1.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $1.076 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Malawi

  $780.2 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $585.7 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Malaysia

  $102.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $94.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Maldives

  $477.9 million (31 December 2016 est.)
  
  $575.8 million (31 December 2015 est.)

• Mali

  $647.8 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $395.7 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Malta

  $833 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $677.1 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Mauritania

  $875 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $849.3 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Mauritius

  $5.984 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $4.967 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Mexico

  $175.3 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $178.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
  
  note: Mexico also maintains access to an $88 million Flexible Credit Line with the IMF

• Micronesia, Federated States of

  $203.7 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $135.1 million (31 December 2015 est.)

• Moldova

  $2.803 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $2.206 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Mongolia

  $3.016 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $1.296 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Montenegro

  $1.077 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $846.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Montserrat

  $47.58 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $51.47 million (31 December 2015 est.)

• Morocco

  $26.27 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $25.37 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Mozambique

  $3.361 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $2.081 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Namibia

  $2.432 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $1.834 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Nepal

  $9.091 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $8.506 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Netherlands

  $38.44 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $38.21 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

• New Zealand

  $20.68 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $17.81 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Nicaragua

  $2.758 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $2.448 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Niger

  $1.314 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $1.186 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Nigeria

  $38.77 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $25.84 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• North Macedonia

  $2.802 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $2.755 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Norway

  $65.92 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $57.46 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

• Oman

  $16.09 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $20.26 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Pakistan

  $18.46 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $22.05 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Palau

  $0 (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $580.9 million (31 December 2015 est.)

• Panama

  $2.703 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $3.878 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Papua New Guinea

  $1.735 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $1.656 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Paraguay

  $7.877 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $6.881 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Peru

  $63.83 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $61.81 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Philippines

  $81.57 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $80.69 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Poland

  $113.3 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $114.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Portugal

  $26.11 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $19.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

• Qatar

  $15.01 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $31.89 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Romania

  $44.43 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $40 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Russia

  $432.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $377.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Rwanda

  $997.6 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $1.104 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Saint Kitts and Nevis

  $365.1 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $320.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Saint Lucia

  $321.8 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $320.7 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

  $182.1 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $192.3 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Samoa

  $133 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $122.5 million (31 December 2015 est.)

• San Marino

  $392 million (2014 est.)
  
  $539.3 million (2013 est.)

• Sao Tome and Principe

  $58.95 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $61.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Saudi Arabia

  $496.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $535.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Senegal

  $1.827 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $116.9 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Serbia

  $11.91 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $10.76 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Seychelles

  $545.2 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $523.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Sierra Leone

  $478 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $497.2 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Singapore

  $279.9 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $271.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Slovakia

  $3.622 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $2.892 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Slovenia

  $889.9 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $853 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Solomon Islands

  $0 (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $421 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Somalia

  $30.45 million (2014 est.)

• South Africa

  $50.72 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $47.23 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• South Sudan

  $73 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Spain

  $69.41 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $63.14 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Sri Lanka

  $7.959 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $6.019 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Sudan

  $198 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $168.3 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Suriname

  $424.4 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $381.1 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Sweden

  $62.22 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $59.39 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Switzerland

  $811.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $679.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Syria

  $407.3 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $504.6 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Taiwan

  $456.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $439 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Tajikistan

  $1.292 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $652.8 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Tanzania

  $5.301 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $4.067 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
  
  note: excludes gold

• Thailand

  $202.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $171.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Timor-Leste

  $544.4 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $437.8 million (31 December 2015 est.)
  
  note: excludes assets of approximately $9.7 billion in the Petroleum Fund (31 December 2010)

• Togo

  $77.8 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $42.6 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Tonga

  $198.5 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $176.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Trinidad and Tobago

  $8.892 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $9.995 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Tunisia

  $5.594 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $5.941 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Turkey (Turkiye)

  $107.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $106.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Turkmenistan

  $24.91 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $25.05 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Uganda

  $3.654 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $3.034 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
  
  note: excludes gold

• Ukraine

  $18.81 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $15.54 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• United Arab Emirates

  $95.37 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $85.39 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• United Kingdom

  $150.8 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $129.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

• United States

  $123.3 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $117.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

• Uruguay

  $15.96 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $13.47 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Uzbekistan

  $16 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $14 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Vanuatu

  $395.1 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $267.4 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Venezuela

  $9.661 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $11 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Vietnam

  $49.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $36.91 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• West Bank

  $0 (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $583 million (31 December 2015 est.)

• Yemen

  $245.4 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $592.6 million (31 December 2016 est.)

• Zambia

  $2.082 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $2.353 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

• Zimbabwe

  $431.8 million (31 December 2017 est.)
  
  $407.2 million (31 December 2016 est.)