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Intelligence Studies

Studies in Intelligence 68, No. 5 (Special Edition, IRTPA 20 Years On, December 2024)

Studies in pleased to present this special edition marking the 20th anniversary of the passage of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA), which created the position of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) to oversee the US Intelligence Community.

The edition includes a rich mix of perspectives and reminiscences from people who were instrumental in crafting and implementing IRTPA, particularly during the formative years of ODNI. Their insights and perspectives are valuable additions to the historical literature and should stimulate discussion of the future direction of the IC.

To read the articles listed in the below Contents, readers may download the interactive PDF (124 pages) of the entire issue or select the hyperlinked titles of individual articles listed in the Contents.

Contents

Complete Foreword, Contents, Contributors and List of DNIs and Acronyms and Initialisms Used in this Issue.

Overview

Leadership Reflections on the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 — by Michael Hayden, Michael McConnell, John Negroponte, and Edward Wittenstein

Present at the Beginning: Creating the Intelligence Reform and Terrorist Prevention Act — Susan Collins with a personal reflection from Jane Harman

Intelligence Reform: If We Didn’t Do It Then, We’d Have To Do It Now — Stephen J. Hadley and Michael Allen with a contribution from John McLaughlin

Making it Work

From Mandate to Results: Restoring Confidence and Transforming Analysis — Thomas Fingar

From the Defense Department to Liberty Crossing: Perspectives on Standing Up ODNI — Ronald Burgess

Managing IC Resources Before and After IRTPA — Caryn A. Wagner

Intelligence Reform: A Glass Half Full — David Shedd

Reorganizations-Fun for Some, Misery for Most — James Clapper

Integrating the IC’s Cyber Security Mission — Melissa Hathaway

IRTPA and Counterterrorism: More Than Connecting the Dots — Michael Leiter

Driving IT Integration — Patrick Gorman

Legal Perspectives on Creating and Implementing the ODNI — Benjamin A. Powell

Commentary: Creating a True Culture of Collaboration Through Civilian Joint Duty — Michael Hayden, Michael McConnell, Michael Richter, and Ronald Sanders

IRTPA’s Broad Impact: CI, Law Enforcement,
Counternarcotics, and CIA

  • Counterintelligence: Changing Landscape, Unprecedented Threat — William Evanina
  • IRTPA and the FBI — John S. Pistole and Valerie E. Caproni
  • IRTPA and Drug Enforcement — Barry Zulauf

In Their Own Words: Michael Morell and Andrew Makridis Offer Views from CIA — Interviewed by Joseph Gartin

Download PDF of complete IRTPA Special Issue (124 pages)

Contributors

Contributing Guest Editors

Hon. Ronald Sanders served as the IC chief human capital officer.

Michael Richter, Esq., is a partner at Grant Herrmann Schwartz & Klinger, where he leads the firm’s litigation practice. He served as the ODNI civilian joint duty program
manager.

Contributing Authors

Michael Allen is managing director of Beacon Global Strategies. He previously served as the majority staff director of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
and on in a variety of positions in the National Security Council and Homeland Security Council under President George W. Bush.

LTG Ronald Burgess retired from the US Army in 2012 after 38 years of service. He served twice as the acting principal deputy director of national intelligence and as the
17th director of the Defense Intelligence Agency.

Valerie E. Caproni is a judge in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York and former general counsel of the FBI.

Retired Lt Gen James Clapper served as the director of national intelligence (2010–17), under secretary of defense for intelligence, and director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency and the Defense Intelligence Agency.

Sen. Susan Collins has represented Maine in the US Senate since 1997. She chaired the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee (2003–7) and later served as the committee’s ranking member (2007–13).

William Evanina is founder and CEO of the Evanina Group, advising business leaders on strategic corporate risk. He served as director of the National Counterintelligence and
Security Center (2014–21).

Dr. Thomas Fingar is a Shorenstein APARC Fellow in the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies at Stanford University. He served as the first deputy director of national intelligence for analysis and, concurrently, chair of the National Intelligence Council (2005–8).

Patrick Gorman is the CEO of Cynomiq, an AI-driven cyber security posture-management platform. He served in various executive roles at Booz Allen, Bank of America/Merrill Lynch, and Bridgewater Associates, as well as the acting chief information officer in the Office of the Director of National Intelligence.

Stephen Hadley is a principal at RiceHadleyGates & Manuel, LLC, an international strategic consulting firm. He served as assistant to the president for national security affairs under President George W. Bush (2005–9).

Former Representative Jane Harman represented California’s 36th District (1993–99, 2001–11). She was the ranking member on the House Intelligence Committee (2002–6) and chaired the Homeland Security Committee’s Intelligence Subcommittee (2007–11).

Melissa Hathaway is president of Hathaway Global Strategies, which provides strategic advice to companies, NGOs, and countries. She led cyber security initiatives under Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama.

Retired Gen Michael Hayden served as the director of CIA and NSA and as the principal deputy director of national intelligence (2005–6).

Michael Leiter is a partner at Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom, where he heads the firm’s CFIUS and national security practice. He served as director of the National Counterterrorism Center (2007–11) and as first deputy chief of staff in the ODNI.

Andrew Makridis served as head of the Weapons and Counterproliferation Center of CIA, CIA associate deputy director for science and technology, and CIA’s chief operating officer.

Retired VADM Michael McConnell served as director of national intelligence (2007–9) and director of NSA (1992–96).

John McLaughlin is a senior fellow and distinguished practitioner-in-residence at Johns Hopkins University. He served as the acting director of central intelligence (July–September 2004) and the deputy director of central intelligence (2000–2004).

Michael J. Morell served as deputy director of CIA (March 2010–August 2013). He was acting director of CIA from July 2011 to September 2011 and November 2012 to March 2013.

Amb. John Negroponte served as director of national intelligence (2005–7).

John S. Pistole is the president of Anderson University. He served as administrator of the US Transportation Security Agency (2010–14) and as a deputy director of the FBI.

Benjamin A. Powell is a partner at WilmerHale specializing in cybersecurity. He served as general counsel in the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (2006–9).

David Shedd served as chief of staff and deputy director of national intelligence for policy, plans, and requirements in the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. He later served as acting director and deputy director of the Defense Intelligence Agency.

Caryn A. Wagner served as assistant deputy director of national intelligence for management (2005–7) and the first chief financial officer for the National Intelligence Program. She also served as the executive director for Intelligence Community Affairs (2004–5) and the under secretary for intelligence and analysis at the Department of Homeland Security (2010–12).

Edward Wittenstein served as executive assistant to the director of national intelligence (2005–7) and deputy secretary of state (2007–9).

Dr. Barry Zulauf, is a senior ODNI executive on a joint duty assignment as the defense intelligence officer for counternarcotics and transnational organized crime. He served as the IC analytic ombudsman and chief of Analytic Integrity and Standards.