1. MILITARY POLITICAL PUBLICATION 2. MILITARY PUBLICATION ON ATOMIC WARFARE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A038500160001-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 392
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 2, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: November 22, 1957
• Content Type: REPORT

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y 1VECT
ACQ.
Vzryva,, p DJ islied in.Moscow in 1956.
NO. PAGES
REQUIREMENT
.NO.
SOURCE EVALUATIONS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
Izluc,"j...iya Pri Atomniya Vzriv), printe in Sofia in 1957. This is
a tra._..slation of the Soviet. publication Y rrnWe Iziucheniya Atomnogo
22 November 1957
RD COPY
PROCESSING 25X1
UUSSR/Bulgaria REPORT
1. Military Political Publication
2. Military Publication on Atomic
Warfare
Soviet , publications,'
e
t
a ono Lary Cadres (.Sorbets Na Komunisticata Partiya
Za Suzdavane T'a Voenni K'adri), printed in Sofia in 1957. This is a
tra.rslation of the Soviet publication Borba Kt ,wwunisti
Part ii
Za Sozdani VoennykhKadrov,, published in Moscow in 1956.
3u.lgaria*1.1angu .ge publications, which are conies
.- ovlev and D. A. ~ Voropayevg Struggle of the Communist Pa. ;,,, for the
Cr
i f Mi1i
b. A.- 'rlov, nuclear Radiation from Atomic Zx losions (Yadrenite
_+'CT' . / ., /
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IIOJIKOBHHK A. M. 1 10 B II E B
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STAT
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II~n e~, I,:1117 i',c it n
A. M. MOBneB, )J. A. Boporiaen
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(191$-1941 r.)
BoeHHoe B3/axenbcrBO MHHHCxepcTBa o6opoHbi
COIO3a CCP
MocKBa - 1956
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nova apMH1, HoBa AHc1HnnRHa, Hona. Boexxa opra-
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STAT
STAT
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BHnlaBaxe 6ol HaTa M019 Ha apMHSITa. KOJIxOTO H
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1 (D. EHrenc, 1436paHH BOeHHH npOH3BegeHHA, .]b p-
)KaBHO BOeHHO H3? aTenCTBO, 1956 r., CTP. 440.
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HoCTTa Ha apMHHTa, nFegaHOCTTa H I< bM HOBHSI o -
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HHCrpaTOpH H KOMaHAHpH no6eAaTa Ha IOMyHIf3Ma
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AaT 1W BKII (6), 1937 r., cTp. 228.
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Y3Ha.I npe3 MapT 1918 r. 3a OnHTHTe Ha npOTe-
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1 B. M. JI e ii x H, Coq., T. 29, cTp. 512 (6 anr. H3,q.
cTp. 553).
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pe3ynTaT Ha Mo6HJIH3HpaHeTO Ha xoMaHJflrSI obcTaB
B C1BeTCKaTa apMHA 65ixa npxsnegeiiil 48 409 ocpH-
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63ixa H3npaTeHH B kCTByBaIIIaTa apmHA.
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ca 6HJIH peiuaBau aza cHJIa Ha HaumTe KoMaHAHH
?xaJjpH. ToBa ce BH)K,ija H OT o6CT03ITencTBOTO, Lie
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BeTe 3a LiepHeHH HomaHgHpH, KalTO H OT cpeAaTa Ha
onHTHHTe peBOJuO1 HOHHH BOfiHHIjE H nogoc HLjepH
OT cTapaTa apMHA, npeMHHaJIH 6ofuiaTa IIIKOna Ha
IIT,pBaTa CBeTOBHa Bofiua. O4miuepHTe .OT CTapaTa
apMHA CbCTaBJIABaXa OKOJIO egHa TpeTa, a B Jjefi-
CTByBaLljaTa apMHA - He nosetie OT egHa LIeTB'bpT
OT KOMaHJjHHA CT,CTaB Ha CTbBeTCKaTa apMHA.
KaTO XapaKTepH3Hpa KOMaHJjHHH C'bCTaB Ha CbBeT-
cxaTa apMHSI OT 1919 ron., B AoixHmH B eBpone ICHHTe cTpaHH, npoBeHc.r axa xypc
Ha 6bp30 B7,3CTaHOBHBaHe CHJIHTe Ha repMaHCKHH
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BHxa HoJflIa, PyM&HHH, 'HHJ1aHgus H gpyrH xa-
nHTanHCTHtIeCKH g bpxcaBH, H3npaujaxa B HauiaTa
cTpaxa 6enorBapJ;ei3CKHTe OTpeJ;H Ha caBHHHOBIXH
H neTniopoBIAH, 6aHAHTe Ha Bynax-BanaxoBHti H 9p.
Ha I.on4)epeHUHHTa B reHya B 1922 roJ;. HMnepna-
nHCTHitIeCxHTe npaBHTenCTBa noHCxaxa OT cbBeT-
cxaza peny6JiHxa ga Bbpxe Ha XIyH(J;HTe xan ITaJHHCTH
4)a6pHKHTe H 3aBOAHTe, HaiwHOHaJIH3HpaHH npe3
OKTOMBpHI CKaTa peBOJI1011HH, ga H3nnaTH BCHLIKH
J; iTroBe Ha gapCKOTO npaBHTencTBO H ga OTMeHH
MOHOnoJIa B?bpXY B'bHIIIHaTa TT,prOBHH.
11pe3 1923 rojj. ce nOHBH 3an iaxa OT HOBa HHTep-
BeHIuHH. AHrJiHt4CKHTe HMnepnaJIHCTH ga,r oxa Ha
CT,BeTCKOTO npaBHTenCTBO T'bi3 HapetleHHH yJITHMa-
TyM Ha Kbp37,H, KOIITO npeACTaBJIHBaule OmiT 3a
J;p-b3xa xmnepxaJIHCTHTiecxa azaxa cpeHwy CibBeT-
CKHH CL103. B CneJ(BaIgHTe rOgHHH OnaCHOCTTa OT
BOeHHa HHTepBeHgHH HapaCHa one nOBege.
HMaihcH npeJ;BHg BTb3MOMKHOCTTa OT BOeHHO Hana-
geHHe, KOMYHHCTHtieCKaTa napTHH H C?hBeTCKOTO npa-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
BHTeJIcTBO oTJjenHxa ronsIMO, Heozcna6Bawo BHH-
MaHHe Ha B'LnpoCHTe 3a oT6paxaTa Ha cTpaxaTa, xaTO
ce czapaexa ga xoM1I HCH aT LIHCneHOTO HaMaJIHBaHe
Ha apMHSITa C yBeJIHLIaBaxe Ha nponeTapcxHH H 10-
MyHHCTHtieCKHH eneMeHT B apMHHTa, C ycbB'bpmIIeH-
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BepSIBaMe Ha HaxeceHHTe Bege Ha HMnepiaJIH3Ma
yJjapn - xa3Ba B. H. JIeHHH, - HHe Tp}16Ba Ha
BCHKa IieHa ga 3ana3HM CBOSITa IIepBeHa apMHSI B
n-br is (5oesa roToBBocT H ga 3aCHJIHM HCI1HaTa 6oeBa
CHOCO6HOCT."1
OrpoMHHfiT OnHT, ripHJjo6HT OT CT,BeTCKaTa ap-
MHSI, OT HCcIHHTe KOMaHJjHH KagpH, codeine JIeHHH,
we HH rio orHe ga n0Jj06pHM Kat1eCTBOTO fi. HHe
we ycneeM - Ka3Bame TCI3 - H npH HaManRBa-
HeTO Ha apMHSITa ga 3ana3HM TaKOBa HeAHO 51Jjp0,
KOeTO, 6e3 ga o6peMeHIIBa CTpaHaTa C HenOCHJIHa
Te>xeCT, B CMHC-bn Ha H39pb)1Ka, we HH OCHrypH
B'b3MO>KHOCTTa B Cnytiali Ha Hy>Kga OTHOBO g a BJjHr-
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BOeHHa CHna.
B npOC-bT 3a yKpenBaHeTO Ha CI,BeTCKaTa apVIHSi 6e
nOCTaBeH B ijsinaTa my IIIHpOTa OT X KoHrpec Ha nap-
THSITa, KOATO ce C-bCT031 npe3 MapT 1921 For. KoH-
rpeC'bT HagepTa nbTHwaTa 3a nO-HaTaT-bIIIHOTO pa3-
BHTHC: Ha C'bBeTCKHTe B bop'b>xeHH CHJH npH MHp-
HOBpCMeHHOTO CTpOHTeJICTBO. B HOCTaHOBneHHeTO
Ha X naPTHeH KOHrpec 6eme JjaJjeH OTIIOp Ha TpOg-
KHCTKHTe HCKaHHfI, HaCOgeHH HEM JIHHBHgHpaHe Ha
C'bBeTCKaTa apMHSi nog ripegnor ga ce npeMHHe
He3a6aBHO K'bM MHJIHI1HOHHaTa CHCTeMa. OCHOBa
Ha HamHTe B'bop'b>xeHH CHnH B H8r4-6nI3KHS1 ne-
' B. ICI. JI e H H H, Coq., T. 31, cTp. 458 (6b ir. B39.
cTp. 503).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
pHo), ce xa3Baule B nOCTaHOBJIexxeTO Ha xoHrpeca,
TpB6Ba ga 6ibAe AHeniaaTa 4epBexa apMHR, HaMa-
JIena 3a cMeTxa Ha no-cTapHTe Ha6opH, HO C yBeJIH-
LIeH nponeTapci H HOMyHHCTHLICCKH CbcTaB.
3a ga ce 3aCHJn3 nponeTapCKHSIT H KOMyHHCrH4e-
CRH$IT eJieMeHT B c'bCTaBa Ha apMH$ Ta H ga ce OcHrypH
He tHOTO yCTOttLIHBO noJIHTHKo-MopaJIHO CT~cTOHuHe,
xOHrpecbT nOHCKa : ga ce npexpaTH Han-bJIHO H3-
TerJISiHeT:o OT apMHSiTa Ha pa6oTHHgHTe OT Ha6OpHTe,
KOHTO He ce yBOJIHHBaXa M311 RJIO B 6e3cpoxieH OT-
nycK; ga ce npeKpaTH H3TernIfiHeTO OT apMWIT$ Ha
KOMyHHCTHTe, HaTO 6-bgaT npeperxcTpxpaHl H He
HM ce pa3peiuana ga Hanyu;aT apMHxTa; ga 6-hAaT
BSPHaTH B aPMHSITa xOMyHHCTHTe, KOHTO HMaT w e-
HeH CT2BK-
gaBaT OT H3n75JIHeHHeTO
3aJjaHH.
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CbCTaB B yxpenBaxeTO Ha 6oecnoco6HOCTTa Ha ap-
MHSITa, X napTY.eH xoHrpec 06'bpHa BHHMaHne Ha
napTn13HI4Te H C-bBETCKHTe (AT~pxcaBHHTe - 6. np.)
opraHH B-bpxy HeO6xojjHmocTTa Jja ce nogo6pH BoeH-
Ho-yge6HaTa pa6oTa m ja ce 3acHJIH HOJIHTHKO-
npocBezxaTa pa60Ta cpejj HOMaHgHHH CbCTaB Ha
C'bBeTcxaTa apMHSI H 4IJIOT. KoxrpeCbT npenopbiia
Jja ce B3eMaT MepHH 3a 110-HaTaT-bIIIHO noJ o6pHBaHe
Co1jHaJIHHH CbCTaB Ha HOMaHAHpHTe, ?3a no-nJiaHO-
MepHO H CHCTeMHO H3nOJI3yBaHe Ha LlepBeHHTe KO-
MaH.L HpH Ha KOM8HJZHH gJI'b>KHOCTH", 3a HO-IHnpOKO
npeBe> < aHe Ha KOMHCapii c no-rOJISIM 6oeH OIIHT Ha
KOMaHJjHH H CTORaHCKO-aAMHHHCTpaTIBHH 9Jrb>K-
HOCTH.
CJieg eJjlla roJxIIHa, npe3 1922 roR., XI xonrpec
Ha napT14HTa c orJIeg Ha ycnO>KHexaTa Me)i(jyliapOJjHa
o6cTaIiOBKa B3C OTHOBO CneuIiaJIHO penlexxe no
B'bllpeca 3a yxperiBaneTO Ha CibBeTcxaTa apMH$I.
KOHrpeCbT nOTB'bp ari Heo6xogmMCCTTa OT n0-IIaTa-
T'bIIIHO nOJjcrIJIBaHe Ha apMv1Ta C KOMVHHCTH, 3a-
AT.JIxcn napTwiH1Te cpraxl3 ga WbpnaT B CbBeT-
cxaTa apmHSI BCHLlxH HenpaBHJIHO geMo6x1IH3IIpaHH
KOMyHMCTH H Jja CBIIKaT B apMi5Ta BCIILIKn KOMy-
HHCTn CT no)jne>KallWTe Ha IIOBIfKBaHe Ha6opI3.
K-bM MepKnTe, KOATO Tpx6Bauie Jja oCHrypHT 6oe-
cncco6HOCTTa Ha apMHSITa, KOHrpeCbT OTHece cjie Jj-
I KIICC B pe3OJIIOIjHHX H peH1eHHHX c7,e3) OB, KOH4)epeH-
UH%1 H nneHYMOB IIK, ti. I, 1953, cTp. 570 (61.nr. H39. CTp.
490-491).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
HHTe MCpOIIpHSITHSI: ycTaHoBSISaHe HOCTOHHHa 'IHC-
JIeHOCT Ha apMHHTa H cTa6HJIeH 61OAHCeT, KO1TO Aa
C'bOTBeTCTByBa Ha LWCJieHOCTTa Ha apMHSITa H Ha
Hy)ICgIITe OT BoeHHa TeXHHKa; peIIIHTeJIHO HaMaJiSi-
BaHe Ha B'BHIIIHHTe HapxgH, KOHTO iie> xa KaTO
Te iCKO 6peMe Bbpxy apMHHTa; OK33B2He IIOMOII( Ha
CTOIIaHCTBaTa Ha CeMetCTBaTa Ha MCpBeHoapMEli-
IjHTe, ?3a ga owe LICPBCHHSIT 6oeg, CHOKCeH 3a
ceMeI3CTBOTO CH, Aa cc OTAa je 1431X51JIO Ha 3aHHMa-
HHH nO 6CIytHaTa CH noJ roTOBKa".
,,KOHrpeci T CLIHTa 3a Heo6XOJjlMo - cc Ka3Ba
B HOCTaHOBJIeHHeTO - Aa cc BOAH H 3a B 6i, elite
HeyMCpHa pa6OTa 3a BCCCTpaHHOTO IIOBHIIIaBaHe
6CCCnoCc6HOCTTa Ha LICpBeHaTa apMHSI.111
napTHHTa 3Haeiue ge6pe, LIC 6CeCH0006HOCTTa
Ha &pMHSITa MO)Ke Aa CC IIOBHIUH C2MO IIO C AIM Ha-
qHH : ga Ce yKperi5IT KOMaHAHHTe K2 JjpH, Aa Ce no-
A06pRT HOAFOTOBKaTa H B'b3IIHTaHHCTO Ha HaLiaii-
CTByBaH(I!SI C'I,CTaB Ha apMHSITa, Aa cc pa3BY5IT BCe-
CTpaHHO CpraHH3aTOpCKHTe my CHCCC6HOCTH.
C HaMaJIABaHe XIHCJIeHCCTTa Ha HaiiaJICTByBaH(HSI
C'bCTaB B pe3yJITaT Ha npoBe)ICAaHaTa AeMO6HJIH3agH3I
cc C'b3AaAe Bb3MO)KHCCTTa ga cc CCTa.BHT B apMHRTa
Ha#-ripegaHHTe Ha HapTHSITa H Ha CbBeTCKOTO npa-
BHTeJICTBO- KOM2HAHpH, KOHTO Ac6pe IIC3H8BaXa
m o6HiIaxa BOeliHOTO Aeno H 65ixa CH0006HH Aa B'bBe-
gCT B apMNSITa TB'bpg peg H gHCI(HIIJIHHa.
OT CaMOTO HagaJIO Ha Cb3AaBaHeTO Ha CBCH KO-
MaHAHH KagpH H oco6eHo B HepHOga Ha MHpHOTO
CTpOHTeJICTBO, KCraTO cc SIBHxa HO-6narorpH3ITHH
yCJIOBHSI 3a TBXHaTa IIOgrOTOBKa, KOMyHHCTHgecKaTa
IIapTHSI IIOCTaBH ripeg KOMaHgHHSI CbCTaB 3agaLIaTa
1 KIICC s pe3OnIOUHHX H pemeHHnx CI,e3j(OB, K6H4)e-
peHICH# H IlnesyMOS LIK, V. I, 1953, crp. 649 (6'anr. Hag.
crp. 559).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
Aa ycbBbpuIeHCTBYBa no-HaTaTbK 6orhIaTa cH noA-
rOTOBKa, Aa H3y'IaBa 3ag'bn6o 1exo BOenxaTa Hayxa
H OnHTa OT uocneAHHTe BOi HH. Be3 Hayxa, xa3BauIe
B. H. .1eHIIH, He Mo>Ke Aa ce H3rpaLH MOH Ha C bB
peMeHHa apMHSI, 3aTOBa HHe Tp3i6Ba Aa II3y iaBame
KaKTO Tp5I6Ba BoexxoTO Reno. HapTHHTa H3xcKBauie
Aa ce yC-bB'bpIIIeHCTByBa KOMaHAHHAT C'bCTaB, KOrITO
6e rlonytuln 6oeH OnHT B rpaH aHCHaTa BoiHa.
KaTO BHHKBaIIIe BJI60K0 B 06eKTHBHHTe 3aKOHo-
MepHOCTH Ha C bBpeMeHHaTa BOrIHa OT MaLIIIIHHHA ne-
pHOA, BOHHa Ha MOTOpHTe H pe3epBHTe, KOMyHH-
CTHmeCKaTa napTHSI ytIelue, tie CbBpeMeHHaTa ronHMa
BOrIHa He Mo>xe Aa ce CrlegeJIH C eAHH 3aMax, me n0
CTHraHeTO Ha no6eAa npH ceramUHHTe 'yCJIOBr?SI e H3-
B-bHpeAHO CJIO>KHO Aeno, KOCTO 143HCFBa HanpAra-
HCTO Ha BCH'IKH MOpaJIHH H MaTEpranHH CHMII Ha A'bp-
>KaBaTa. HapTHATa cotieIIIe, tie B cpaBHeHHe c H'bp-
BaTa CBeTOBHa BOAHa OT 1914-1918 ron. II rpaxcAaH-
c aTa BOIiHa OT 1918-1920 ron. Bce nO-rOnHMOTO
yCJIO>KHABaHe Ha (4OpMHTe H HatIHHHTe 3a BOAeHe Ha
BOHHaTa, onepaAKHTe H 60A nOCTaBA BCe no-roneMH
H3HCKBaHH5i x-bM MopanHo-60IIHHTe KageCTBa H cp-
raHH3aTOpCKHTe CH0006HOCTH Ha HatlanCTByBannHA
C BCTaB.
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t;ecHHTe Abp>KaBH, rOTBerIKH Ce 3a BOAHa, Henpewbc-
HaTO ce ycBBBpnIeHCTByBaT, nopaAH KOeTO npH 6b-
AeuuH BOCHHH CTbJIKHOBeHHR Ha C'bBeTCKaTa apmHA
npeACTOH Aa ce cpemHe CnpOTHBHIK, cHa6AeH C
BCHtIKH Harr-HOBH TexHHtCCHI cpeACTBa 3a 6op6a.
HpewBHA Ha TOBa napTHATa Hcxaule OT HamFl$I Ko-
MaHAeH c'bcTan, KO iTO ce OTnHtIaBame C TaxHBa 3a-
6ene>KHTeJIHH KatlecTBa xaTO npeAanoCT xbM AeJIOTO
Ha _ peBonioI;HATa, exeprHH, BOeHHH CD0006HOCTH
H 6oraT 6oeH OnHT, Aa AO6He 3aA'bn6omeHH TeopeTH-
tIeCKH 3HaHHH B o6JIaCTTa Ha BOeHHOTO Aeno. KOMaH-
38
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
AHpHTe Ha C-BBeTcxaTa apMHSi, xoifto B MOpanxo-
nOJIHTHLIeCKO OTHOIIIeHHe CTOHxa MHOTO nC-BHCCI(O
OT O4)HIuepHTe Ha KOSITO H Aa 6Hno 6ypx(oa3Ha ap-
MHH, Tp316$aiue Aa rH HaAmHHaT H nb BoeHHO-nOJIH-
TJ4 eCKaTa CH nOjjrOTOBj(a, Aa OBJIaAe$IT BCH'WH
4)CpMH H cpeAcTBa 3a 6op6a, ICaTO B 3aBHCHMCCT OT
O6CTaHOBKaTa H3IIOJI3yBaT eAHH HJIH ApyrH OT TEX.
HaeAHO C TOBa ECHO 6etue, tie 3a pbKOBOAHTeJISI
H BB3nHTaTeJIH Ha C1BeTCKHTe ?6c#IIH He 6SIxa Ao-
CTaTTatIHH CaMO BOeHHH 3HaHHSI. 3a Aa 6bAe Ac67,p
pbKOBOAIITeJI H B'b3nHTaTeJI Ha nOAtIHHeHHTe CH,
OCBCH BceHHa nOArOTOBKa HaIHHSIT KOMaHAHp Tpa6-
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iiac7Ta Ha IIOJIHTHxaTa H HKOHOMHKaTa, HCTCpHBTa
H reorpa4)HHTa, MaTeMaTHKaTa, 4W3IxxaTa H ApyrH
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H KyJ1TypeH rpa>KAaHHH Ha CbBeTCxaTa cTpaHa.
H3pa3HBa#xH H3HCRBaHHSITa Ha napTHSITa KbM Ko-
MaHAHHx CbCTaB, M. B. (DpyH3e Ka3Baule, me cb-
BeTCKHSIT KOMaHAHp ,Tpsi6Ba Aa no3HaBa He CaMO
CBOeTO THCHO BOeHHO AejIo. Toil Tp$I6Ba Aa 6bAe
HanbJIHO BTopb)KeH c peAHt;a ApyrH 3HaHHSI. H
TO3H, KO#TO HCKa Ae#CTBHTerIHO Aa 6bJe KOMaHAHp,
OTroBapxu H3WIJIO Ha npeAHa3HatleHHeTO CH, Tp$i6Ba
Aa 3Hae TOJIKOBa MHOTO, KOJIKOTO He e 3HaeJi HHT9.
e)HH OT CTapHTe KOMaHAHpH. HaIIIHTe n'bJIKOBOAIj$
Tpx6Ba Aa 67.AaT Hanbnxo Bbopbx(eHH He caMO c
BoeHHH, HO H C nOJIHT1 tgeCKH H HKOHOMHLICCKH a!ra-
HHSi.. . Be3 nO3H8B8HeTO Ha Te3H MOMeHTH &pMHHTa
He MO>Ke ycneuixo Aa ce p1KOBOAx.ai1
KOMaHAKpi,T OT CbBCTCxaTa apMHH a He CaMO Ha-
LIaJIHHK Ha CBOHTe.nOAtiHHeHH, HO H TexeH HOJIHTH-
LIeCKH Bb3nHTaTeJI. usIJIaTa pa6OTa Ha KOMaHAHpa
1 M. B. cD p y x 3 e, Co6p. COV., T. II, rocnOJutTii3RaT,
1926, crp. 37 - 38.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
110 B'b3nI-ITaH4erO Ha 6oi 1Te Tps16BauIe Ra 6Tbua
npoHHxxaza OT Tjyxa Ha Mapxcn3Ma-neHHHH3Ma,
3a Ta3H ijen KoMaHJ71p"bT caM Tps16BaIIIe Tja OBna-
gee TJo CbB'bpnleHCTBO MapKCHCTKO-ne1I3HCxaTa Teo-
pHH.
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HHH H IIOJIHTHLIeCKIIH C'bCTaB Ha C'bBeTCKHTe B'bOp'b-
HeHH CHnH O AHKTyBanle He caMO OT Hyn aTa Ra
ce pa31UHp5Ba TeXHHHT nOnHTHLiecKH Kp'brO30p KaTO
BCT Ha no HC3a;j'bn6oLlexo CaMOTO
Tj14MOHMOCTTa Ta Ta Aa pa36ePaT nO
BOeHHO Reno, C'bBeTCKaTa BOHHa Hayxa, LIHHTO
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M'bT. CaM0 011311, Ka3Balne M. B. (DPY
yCBOH CT,njHOCTTa Ha MapKCHCTKO-neHHHCxaTa Teo-
pHH, KOI1TO c byMee 11pI4 H3yxiaBaHeTO Ha BOeHHOTO
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3aTOBa, KaTO ce 60peIIIe HaC HO a nogr Tjo
xaTa Ha BncononBanH(1Hn,HpaHH B
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TOBKa Ha KoMaHTjnn1 cbcTaB Ha CbBeTCKHTe B'bOp'b-
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Ham e oTTjengna HaI3-ronHMO BHHMaHIIe Ha nOTjrO-
TOBKaTa Ha RHcW{rLJIHHHpaHH, B3HCKaTenHH K'bM
ce6e CH H K'bM nORLIHHeHHTe cu nauanHHljH. IIap-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
'H31fi`a npxnUMHHIne Ha HafilTe xoMaHAHH KaApH,
tie ycneX'bT B O6ytieHHeTO H B'b3nHTaHHeTO Ha BOH-
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H OCo6eHO OT rpalxeHH CHJIH H Ha TeXHHTe
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
KoMaH1 HH xajjpH. TporrHH H HerOBHTe rcpoTexceTa,
HOHTO Ce HaMHpaxa TOraBa B p&KOBOJjCTBOTO Ha
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co6Ha. TporjxxcTHTe ce cTpeMSixa npeAH BCHLIKO Jja
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3ary6H 0KOHgaTeJIHO BC$IKO paBHOBecMe H H3naAiia
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TaxxeTO Ha HaIIIHTe B7bop1 weHH CHUM. Te He canto
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KaTO HaJjrjeHgsaxa 3HaxieHHeTO Ha CTapHTe BOCHHH
1- M. B. 4) p y H 3 e, Co6p. COti., T. I, rodnoJIMTH3J*aT,
1929, cTp. 426.- -
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
cneuHaJIHCTH B rpaxRgal cRaTa BOI3Ha, TpOIUKexa B CI,BeTCKaTa apMHH, 3arioglHaxa ga oTpH-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
TeJICT1sl Ae#HOCT C MHHMa rpuxca 3a MaTepHanxHTe
HyxcAH! Ha iepBeHoapMethInTe H xoMaHAHpHTe, Aa
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Ha pa6OTHHLIeCKOTO 31ApO H napTHf3HH3I eneMeHT B
Hero, no B-bBe>KAaHeTO Ha eAHHOHaLIanHeTO H T. H.
46
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
3a Aa ce npOBCPHT MaTepxaJlfTe no HenpaBInHO
AeMo6HnH3HpaHHTe OT apMHHTa KOMy}HCTH, no pe-
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MaHAHO TIRO, HeO6XOAHMO 6eiue eAHH Aa 6TaAaT Bb3-
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IjHTe H Cen5IHHTe H I1oKa3aJIH BHCOKH MopanHO-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246A038500160001-7
60I3HIi xa iecTBa. HaH-no,groTBeHLITe BOeHHH KOMH-
capl3 ce npeBeHKRaxa Ha xoMaHJjHH ;XJII KHOCTH, xoeTo
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KOMHTCT Ha napTHSITa 6sxa yCTaHOBeHH'.Be d)OpMH
Ha egHHOHaggaJiHe. B eglHHH ciiyuaft B pz,IleTe Ha
1 ,143BeCTH31 I.UK BKII (6)", Ns 11-12, 1925, cTp. 16.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
CTpoeBiis xoMaBAHp ce cvcpeAOTOUaBaxa HalrbfHo
onepaT~IBHb-CTpoeBHTe, agMHHHCTpaTHBHHTe H CTO=
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55
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
R yrlpaBneHHHTa ce rlpeMaxBaure, a c1yllxIIHHTe Ha-
nonHTHLIecxaTa H napTHItHaTa npocBeza ce BT~3JIa-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
4a71e,kBTBaig c bcTaB, CC yBOnH$IBaT B 3anaca c*bc
3BaHI a xoMaHgHp OT 3anaca OT Pa6oTHxqecxo-cen-
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neHHe BHCmaTa AOHa6OpHa no roTOBKa B nOBexreTO
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Bame! Aa cnyxcaT B apM}lsrra. TeopeTHgHHSiT xypc
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3agHcn5iBaxa B 3anaca xaTO cpeAHH HoMaHAHpH.
3aB?bpmHnHTe BHCmH ytie6HH 3aneAeHHSi H Tex-
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OT BTopa CTeneH Cnyxcexa B Ka)poBaTa apMHsi eAHa
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1 Go6paHHe 3axoxoB H pacnopaweH}I Pa6oge-KpecTbHH-
moro IIpaBHTei mCTBa C0103a COBeTCKHX CoiiMaimcm ieCxHX
Pecny6mc 3a 1925 ron. BionneTenb Ns 62, cTp. 463.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
Ta3H HOBa cHCTeMa 3a noJroTOBxa Ha HaQanczsy-
Bau C'bCTaB OT 3aIIaca ycxopH 3HatuHTeJIHO HeroBOTO
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ronemH xanHTaJIHCTHLIecxH ,Rbp)KaBH. HanpHmep B
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OT xan14TaJIHCT134ecxiiTe CTpaHH.
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THR B AnpexTHBHTe cm 110 cbcTaBS1He ma nT,pBH51
neTroAHfeH n iaH 3a pa3l;nTneTO Ha HapOAHOTO CTO-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
naHCTBO Ha CCCP noco4H He66xo,HMOcTTa ,,... Aa
ce OT,I;eJIH MaKCHManHO BHHMaHHe 3a HaA-6bp30TO
pa3BHBaHe Ha OHe3H OTpaCnH Ha HapOAHOTO CTonaH-
CTBO H306IJ O H no-cneI.jHaJIHO Ha npOMHuineHocTTa,
Ha KOHTO ce naia rnaBHaTa ponu;'Aa, oc rypHT OT6pa-
HaTa H cTOnaHCKaTa yCTOILIHBOCT 'Ha CTpaHaTa BTaB
BpeMe Ha BOAHa"I.
B peWeHHHTa Ha XVI KOHrpeC Ha napTHHTa ce
nocoxlBaule HeO6XOAHMOCTTa Aa ce c'bCpeLOTOHH BHH-
MaHMeTO Ha napTH$ITa H ouje HOBetle Aa ce M06HnH3H-
paT BCHXIKH CHJIH Ha pa60THHLIecKaTa Knaca H Ha Tpy-
AeujHTe ce MaCH Ha cenggIeCTBOTO 3a yKpenBaHe OT-
6paHHTenHaTa CIIOCO6HOCT Ha CCCP, Ha MOIIjTa H
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HOA pT,KKOBOACTBOTO Ha KOMyHHCTHtiecxaTa nap-
THSI, B HenpHMHpoMa 6cp6a C TpOIjHHCTHTe H 6yXa-
pHHIjHTe, , cianeTCKHHT Hapo nCCTHTHa CBeTOBHO-
HCTOpHtIeCKH yCneXH B npOBeHCAaHeTO Ha coi oanfc-
THLIeCKalra HH9ycTpxaJIH3aIjoH. Ha Ta3H OCHOBa B
rOAHHHTe Ha n'bpBaTa neTHneTxa 6eme c53AaAexa
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tleCKaTa HHAycTpoaJIH3aIIHH nOCny)KH KaTO MaTe-
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CKOTO CTOnaHCTBO. BMeCTO pa3nOK'bCaHHTe Ape6HH
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THLIecRo ceJICKCCTOnaHcxo npOH3BOACTBO,CHa6AeHO
C MOAepHa TeXHHKa..
KIICC B pe3o3nogHHx x pemeaxsix cbe3AoB, KwH4)epenwdk
% HneHyMOB IJK, m. II, 1953, cTp. 332 (6vnr. H3 . cTp. 298).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246A038500160001-7
Ho BpemeTO, xoraTO B Ci~BeTCKHH CTb1O3 C 6'bp3H
TeMrIOBe ce pa3BHBatue coljHaJIHCTHtlecxaTa IIpoMHUI-
JIeHOCT H yKpenBalue ceJICKOTO CTonaRCTBO, B HarH-
TaJIHCTHtlecKHTe cTpaHH ce HaAHramme CBeTOBHaTa
HxoxoMHtlecxa HpH3a, KOHTO 3auogHa B 1929 ron.
TH Ouse nOBetle H3OCTPH npoTHBopeTMITa, npHCbIIjH
Ha cBeTOBHHH KanHTaJIH3'BM.
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CT BeTCKHH C73103, KaTO Tp'brFaXa HO n-bTH Ha CMa3-
BaHe pa6oTHI4 ecHaTa KJIaca, Ha yCTaHOBHBaHe I)a-
InHCTKa AHKTaTypa H pa3naJiBaHe Ha HOBa BOIhHa.
HpH npHnOTO rIoon;peHHe H IOMOIg Ha peaxuHOH-
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npe3 1932-1933 roj. B ,I1aJIetIHHH H3TOH H B geH-
Tbpa Ha EBpona ce o6pa3yBaxa He BoeHHH orHHga,
HOHTO 3anjlalnBaxa MHpa H 6e3onacxoCTTa Ha C bBeT-
cxaTa cTpana.
B Ta3H O6CTaHOBKa KOMyHHCTH'4ecxaTa napTHH B3e-
Maule BCHLIKH HeO6XOAHMH MepKH 3a 110-HaTaT',HIHOTO
yKpenBaHe Ha OT6paHHTeJIHaTa CHOC06HOCfi Ha CTpa-
HaTa H 3aCHJIBaHe MOLT Ta Ha C'bBeTCKaTa apMHH H
BoeHHO-MOpCKHH 4 JIOT.
B pe3YJITaT Ha yCneIHHOTO H3n'hJIHeHHe Ha riBpBaTa
neTHJIeTKa H Ha npeo6JlaAaBaIAOTO pa3BHTHe Ha Texc-
KaTa HHAYCTpHH HaluaTa CTpaHa ce npeB'BpHa B CTpaHa,
roAHa Aa npOH3BeHCAa B HeO6XOAHMOTO KOJIHLIeCTBO
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HOTO CTOnaHCTBO, KaKTO H TeXHHKa H OpT,HCne 3a
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iueHa TeXHHgecxaTa peKOHCTpyKIIHH Ha BCHTIKH OT-
pacnH Ha HapOAHOTO CTOnaHCTBO H 6e CT,3AaAexa
TexHHgecxa 6a3a, npHC'bLI a Ha collHanflcTHtIecxaTa
ATapsxaBa.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246A038500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02: CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
npe3 roAHHHTe Ha Bropa.Ta neTxJIeTKa otge nonetle
yxpenxa OT6paHHTCJnlaTa npoMKwneHOCT, cnoco6Ha
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H npH TOBa B AOCTaT7atIHO KOJIHiieCTBO.
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KOMHTeX npe3 ro1HHHTe Ha npeABOeHHHTe neTHJIeTKH
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no xoHTO H3o6u;o HrMame mwmKBa- yue6Ha nHTepa-
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3a ytle6HaTa noAroTOBKa HacnyulaTenHTe; Hari-nocne
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6a3a 3a HaytiHoH3cneAOBaTencxa pa6OTa, T. e. Aa
ce OCbIUeCTBH eAHa OT ocHorHHTe 3aAatw Ha BoeH-
HHTe axaAeMHH.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
BCHIIKH Te3H HOBH H cno)xHH 3a,T{agH Tps16Bame g a
ce penIaBaT B KT,CH CpOKOBe. IIOCTOHHHaTa onaCHOCT
OT B bHIIIHO HanaJZeHHe, HapaCTBaHeTO Ha TeXHHxIe-
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npH opraHH311paHeTO B TSIX Ha HOpMaJIeH yue6eH
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3a nOn'bJIBaHeTO Ha HOBHTe aKageMHH C UCCTOSIHCH H
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IIapTHSITa m npaBHTeJICTBOTO 3a nO,I[rOTOBxa B HarI-
K'bC CpOK Ha MHOrO6pOHHH BCeHHO-TeXHHLIeCKH
KagpH 3a CT,BeTCxaTa apMHR.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
B cT,orseTCTnHe c HOBHTe.H3HCKBaHHH BoerHHTe
uIHOnx cT,ulo 6Rxa no);no>IieHH Ha peopra1i3aLxx
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canto mono 30 npoi eHTa OT CJIyiuaTenHTe, TO B
1934 ron. oTuocwTeJIHHHT 6po1'I as cnymaTeiiHTe
B'bB BoeHHO-TeXHHT4eCKHTe allageMHH ClCTaBJISiBaIIIe
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BCH'1KH BoeHHH aKaJjeMHx H BOeHHH 4aKyJITeTH ce
Genie yBenxiIxn npe3 T03H nepxoA HHKOnKO n'hTH.
OTHOCHTenHHSrT 6pot HSK Ha KypCaHTHTe B'bB
BoeHHO-TeXHHLleCKHTe yLlHJIHIILa HapaCHa OT 31,8
IIpogeHTa B 1928 ron. Ha 63,5 npoi enza B 1933 ron.
EJ;noBpeMeHHo C TOBa 6eule-pH3Ko noilo6peH AenT$IT
npoijec Ha o6y*ieHHe H BTi3nrTaHxc Ha MnaJIHTe o4H-
i epcKH KaJjpH B'bB BOeHHHTe yxie6HH 3aBeJ;eHH31.
TexHHgecxo o npewbops>Kasaxe Ha C'LBeTCxaTa
apmaR, H 4 MOT nOPOgH seo6xoJ;HMocna J;a ce npe-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
pa3rneAaT geI3cTByBangHTe yL1e6HH nnaiione m npo-
rpaMH rB CBeTJIHHaTa Ha HOBHTe H3HCKBaHH3I, KOHTO
HOBaTa TeXHHKa H pa3BO31T Ha BOeHHaTa HayKa no-
CTaBxXa npeA BOeHHHTe xaApH.
B yt1e6HHTe nL1aHOBe 3a nOArOTOBKBTa Ha o6H;0-
BOfICKOBHTe KOMaHAHpH 6eII1e BKnK)tieHO H3ytlaBa-
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C'bBeTCKaTa apMHA. C ueJ1 n0-3aAbJI6otieHO Aa ce
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paTOpHHTe 3aHHMaHH31 IIIHpOKO ce npaKTHKyBaxa
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3aAatIH 3anOXIHaxa Aa ce CBCTaBAT C oriiej Ha HOBaTa
TeXHHKa, oco6eHo Ha apTHJIepHATa, aBHaI;HATa H
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HH3i MaTepxaJI B ytle6HnTe 3aBeAeHHA H Aa He ce
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HOBO npe3 ytle6HaTa roAHHa.
Cbc cBOeTO nocTarOBJIeHHe 1111K Ha CCCP 3a-
A'bJI>KH BHCLUHTe yt1e6HH 3aBeAeHH3I Aa 060006AT
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
B ytie6HHTe CH nJlaHOBe OCHOBHHTe AIICIUHIInHHH,
Homo onpeAenHT npo(pxna Ha AaAeH cnel;HamHC', x
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c peiueHxeTO Ha UMK Ha CCCP CHCTeMa Ha H3TWT-
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TaTa ca B c brnacHe C ITOCTaHOBneRHeTO Ha WHK lla
CCCP H nocTHrHaxa 3HagITenHo uoAo6pexxe Ha pa-
6oTaTa no' nogrOTOBKa Ha_ XaApHTe. IIpH Bce TOBa
109
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
HeAOCTaT7bgHTe B TRXHaTa yqe6Ha pa6oTa Aaneti He
6Hxa oine npeoAoJleHH.
B IOCTaHOBJleHHeTO Ha UK Ha BK11(6) H Ha CHK
Ha CCCP OT 23 IOHH 1936 roAnna ?3a pa6oTaTa Ha
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npeyCTpOTiCTBOTO Ha pa6oTaTa Ha BHCHIHTe yLIHJIHu a,
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B cLrJIacne c IOCTaHOBneHHeTO Ha UK Ha BKH(6)
H Ha CHK Ha CCCP OT 23 ToHH 1936 roA. H c'bc 3a-
HOBeATa Ha HapO HH$ xoMHCap Ha OT6paHaTa yLIe6-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
HH5IT npOijec BI,B BOeHHHTe aKa) eMHIH 6e npeycTpoeH.
C Hail-ronsMa TotiHOCT 6sixa onpejjeneHH_JeJIOHaco-
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a no BCHt1I(H cCTananH AHCAHnfHHH ce npoBe)uIaxa
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neH HMaxa pe gHr(a npHBHnerHH npH 3aeMaxe Ha Ba-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
KaHTHH AJTb)KHOCTH no cneljxaJIHOCTTa CH, KaKTO H
npeHMynjeCTBeHo npaBO 3a 3atiHCJISIBane B aAIOHK-
TypaTa (acnxpaHTypa npH BHCUIH yxie6HH 3aBeAeHH3i
H HayxiHH HHCTHTyTH). 3aeAHo c Tosa 65ixa Ba6enx-
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MSIBaHe H IIOJIHTHLIeCKOTO yHpenBaHe Ha KaTeApHTe
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BHUIaBaHe KBanH4)HKaAH3ITa Ha npenoAaBaTeJIHTe H 3a
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3aBeAeHH51 pa3noJlaraxa c 6OraTH TeXHHLiecKH CbO-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
ps*ceHHH s A06&.; TaB. npo4)ecopexo-npCnO9e-
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lco T cpoA. KoMaWtsHTe KaApa HapacHaa; OT 28 npo-
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HAP030TRMc1aTe AacuanUIWa
a sop6ar. as KoMYaresavacxaT$ aap'raa
1,13
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
55 IpoueHTa Ha 67,8 npoueHTa; olue noBetie Hapacaa
napTHAIIOTO 319 PO B KOMaHTHHSI C'bCTaB Ha TexHHL1e-
CKHTe pOAOBe BCIICKH. B KOMaHAHHSI C'LCTaB Ha
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Oco6eHo ron51M 6e paCTe%'bT Ha napTHI1HOTO si pO
B'bB BHCIUHSI H CTapLUHH KOMaHAeH CbCTaB. HanpH-
Mep B CTap1UH51 KOMaHgeH C'bCTaB Ha apTHJICpHHTa
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KaTo yBenI4uaBauie e)KeroJIHO BHnyCKa Ha KoMaH-
AHpH, HHxcexepH, nanHTHgCCKH pa6OTHHIIH H
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
KapH OT, BQeHHHTe yLIe6HH 3aBegeHHa, Hae4HO C TOBa.
napTH.Ta He orpaHHEIaBawe 6o#HaTa H nonHTRHec
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 I
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
Bi ocfoaa yKaaafHsrra Ha' 1 eHTpanHHSi' KOriinie'
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1;35
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 6
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IBOACKM OT 2 Ha 3 rOAHHH. Ieuie yBenHtleH cpox',T
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KoH()epeHI#IH.
138
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
:- XVVIII KoH4pec ma - HoMy1iHcTxmec1aT f napra
c'bcro i ce npes Maps 1939 roy., H3pa6oTn nporpaMa
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
3Ha InTenxa npoMHHa H Ha xapaxTepa H McTOO9HTe 3a
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
BoeHHo-yge6HHTe axaAeMxx cna6ARBaxa apMWATa
c_ o4mn epcKH KaApH C BHCOKa OnepaTH$HO-TawTH-
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cKHTe.
149
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
11'bpBOCTeneHHaTa 3aAaua Ha TaHTHtIeCKHTe ytIeHHSI
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
KaTa Ha MaxeBpHpaxeTO, yLIeme rH Aa oprauH3HpBaT
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
WH6c'i'Ta :8a C%BeTc wrt cmn Xat pH, OTrona-
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163
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246A038500160001-7
H pbxonoJjcTnoTo xa napTflsra 143Hrpaxa peinasauxa
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
3AKJIIOXIEHHE
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
HaTa cnoco6HOCT Ha C'bBeTCxaTa AT pxcaBa H ce pe-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
enelTpHtiect(H HeyTpaneH. MacwTe Ha HeyTpona ti
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
egHHIU a TOBapbT Ha 359pOTO, HafpHMep KTiM aTOMa
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
B 1895 roAHHa HCMCKHSiT (HH3HK PCHTreH OTKPH
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
fpegnono)xeHHe, vie CbU.eCTByBaT HOBH ypaHOBM
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23
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
H pal Tik, xoeTO o3Ha*3aBa ?nTLtIHCT" (,,pagHyc" Ha
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npeJZCTaBJISIBa McTaJIHa npi,tIKa, 3aKpeneHa c nOMO-
HjTa Ha TaIIa B cT-bKneHHrja. KLM AOJIHHSI, KpaI Ha
np MJKaTa ca rlpHxperleHH JjBe JIHCZtleTa OT CTaHHOJI
HJTH OT rjxrapeHa xapTHSI. AKO xT,M rnaBHLIKaTa Ha
np-bigKaTa ce noJjxece Kax'bB Jja e HaenexTpH3HpaH
rlpeJjMeT, HanpHMep CTT,KneHa np-btlxa, HaT'LpKaHa
C KoIIpHHeH
rlapljaJI,
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OTJjaJIetraBaT
BCTpaHH.
EJIeKTpwiecHHSIT TOBap ripe-
MHHaBa OT
HaeneKTpH3HpaHaTa CTT,KneHa npLtlxa
B np'bt!KaTa
Ha eJIe}TPocxona H HaTOBapBa JIHCT-
tieTaTa. MexcJjy eJjHOHMeHHO HaTOBapeHHTe JIHCTtreTa
3anotiBaT Jja JjerCTByBaT OT6JrbCKBau;H eneKTpH-
tleCKH CHJIH. JIHCTtleTaTa Ha enewTpocxona OCTaBaT
Jj'bJlro pee OTJjanetleHH, o6atle JjOCTarI,tIHO e
Jja ce nOJjHece KTDM eneKTpocHona BeIIjeCTBO, KoeTO
c,bg,bpxca ypaH, H JIHCTtIeTaTa 3anOtIBaT Jja naJjaT -
eneKTpocxon-bT ce H3npa3Ba. Ilpntlnna 3a ToBa ca
I3oHHTe, KOHTO ce o6pa3yBaT B'LB B'b3Jjyxa noJ; ,ijeT-
CTBHeTO Ha ypaHOBHTe J ThtIH. EJjxa qacT OT AOHHTe
HOCSIT IIOJIO)XHTeneH TOBap, JjpyraTa tIaCT - OTpH-
IjaTeneH. AKo eneKTpOCKOIrhT e 6Hn HaTOBapeH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
nanpHMep C OTpxuaTeJ1Ho eJlexTpxgecTBo, 1< M nHCT.
neTaTa aanoLIBaT ga ce npHBnxtiaT noJIo)KHTejnmTe
foHH. Te OTHeMaT OT n}CTxIeTaTa HegocmranmTe
HM eneKTpOHH H ce npeBp1n aT B HeyTpanEH Mone-
KYJHI H aTOMn. TOBapST Ha eneKTpoCKOna ce HaMa-
nsIBa H JIHCTgeTaTa 3anOgIBaT ga nagaT. EneKTpocRo-
n'bT ce H3npa3Ba TOJ1KOBa nO-67,p30, KOnnOTO IIO-
HHTeH3HBHO e H3nTLIBaHeTO. IIO TSKT,B HagHH ene-
KTpOCKOnT,T MOHfe ga ce H3nOn3yBa KaTO Haft-npOCT
npH6op 3a H3MepBaHe HHTeH3HTeTa Ha H3n'btIBaHeTo.
.Klopx ,Ljoxa3anx, qe HHTeH3HTeTT,T Ha H3JrbgBa-
HeTO He 3aBHCH OT BT,HIIIHH yCJIOBHH. Hapge McTa-
JmgecxH ypaH 6HJIO 3arp3lsaxo AO 3amepB$Baxe,
oxnaxcAanx ro Ao TemnepaTypaTa Ha TegHHH B'b39YX
(-1800), no)naranH ro xa BHCOKO Han5lraHe, cna-
ra m ro B xa*-cHJu m MarHBTHH H enexTpxgecxx
noneTa H BCHgHO TOBa He H3meH5IJIO CnO006HOCTTa
Ha ypaxa ga Roxx314pa MonexyJn3Te Ha BT,3Ayxa.
CTeneHTa Ha x3npa3BaxeTo Ha eneRTpocxona 6Hna
BHHarH eAIIa H c-bnga. CJIeAOBaTenHo ni,LIHTe HMaJIH
IIOCTOHHeH HHTeH3HTeT. ToBa I33BT,HpeAHO BaM(HO
o6CTOSITeJICTBO 6HJIO H3acHeHo n0-RICHO, HoraTO
6H310 ycTaHOBeHO, tie ypaHTT, TOpHSIT, paAHHT, 1IOJ1O-
HHSIT H ApyrH eneMeHTH H3nycHaT n'bgH B pe3yJI-
TaT Ha npeBp-BigaHxx, ROHTO CTaBaT B bTpe B aTO-
MHHTe HM $ ipa.
H3CnejBatKx CBOACTBaTa Ha paAHH, KIopH ce
y6einnx, qe T03H Mex cpe6pHCTo6srn McTan npHTe-
xaBa MHOr0 no-ronsIMa Cn0006HOCT ga H3nycxa
Jrb'H, OTKOJIKOTO ypawbT. PajxeBnTe nmgx npegH3-
BHxBaT CIJIHO CBeTexe Ha expaHH, rIOKplTH C x9IKOII
BennecTBa, xaTO HanpnMep C AHHKOB Cync4H,q. Bon,
H3rOTBeHH C npHMec OT LLIHKOB CyJ14Mi H MaJIKO
KOJn3geCTBO paAn , }MaT 3eneHHKaBO CBeTeHe. Pa-
,i(xeBHTe nT,gn pa311araT BogaTa Ha C bcTaBHHTe Ik
gaCTH - BOAOpOA H xfCnopOA, - 1lpx xoeTO ce o6pa-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
3yBa BO OpOpeH npexlC. Be3L BeTHOTO CT'bKJIO flop
Jae#cTBneTO Ha papneBHTe .WbtiH Ce OgBeTHBa. B
1903 ropHHa 6un0 OTKpHTO, Lie papusiT H nopo6HHTe
Ha Hero BeiijecTBa ca BHHarH nO-TOnnH OT oxoJIHHTe
npe,MeTH, Lie Te Heflpex'bCHaTO OTpenHT TOnJInHa.
tipe3 MHOro H3MepBaHH5I IIHep Kiopu (3aepno c
A. Jla6opT) onpepenun, tie 1 z pagan 3a -egiiH uac
oTpensi 136 Kan TOnJIHHa. H3BecTH0 e, Lie 1 Kan
TonnHHa Mo)Ke pa Harpee 1 2 Boa Ha 10. CnepoBa-
TenHo C TOnJIHHaTa, KOSITO ce OTpeMH OT 1 z pagiA,
MO)Ke pa ce Harpee epHa Liauia Boa 3a euHO peHOHO-
ngHe po 150. Ta3H TOnnHHa e MHoro Mani-ca, HO TGI CC
OTpen5I HenpeK'bCHaTO B npopbn>KeHHe Ha MHOTO
CTOTHIUH ropHHH. AKo e Bb3MO)KHO pa Cb6epeM
TOnnrHaTa, KOIITO Ce OTpenx OT 1 z papiii B npopbn-
xceHHe Ha 10 rOJHHH, Tu e pOCTaT-bxiHa, 3a pa
3aBpH 150 n Boga, KOSITO HMa CTaIiHa TemnepaTypa.
110 TOBa BpeMe, Mo)Ke Ra ce Ka)Ke, cnytaflHO
6HJIO OTKpHTO 6HOJIOrHLiHOTO pe1CTBHe Ha ypaHo-
BHTe H papcleBHTe n'bTIF. EpiH n-bT BeKepen nOCTa-
BHn B p>Ko6a CH CThKneHa TpTb6HUxa c papHl3, 3a
pa rO 3aHece H nOKa)Ke Ha CTypeHTHTe. Tpb6HLi-
KaTa c paid ripeCTOSina B pwo6a my HSIKOJIKO L-iaca.
Cnep HgKOJIKO JHH TOR 3a6eJIg3an no KO>KaTa Ha
TSIJIOTO CH, Ha TOBa MSICTO, KoeTO ce HaMHpano
epeu;y p>ico6a, B KOI3TO e upecToun pajHHT, rioLiep-
BeHHBaHe e q)opma, no9O6Ha Ha 4JOpMaTa Ha Tp-b6H-
gxaTa. Creep HHKOJIKO pHH Bexepen HO iyBCTByBan
CHJIHH 6onRH, KoxcaTa 3anouxana 'pa ce HarlyxHa
H ce o6pa3yBana paHa. CTanano Hy)Kpa pa ce 06'bpxe
3a nomoig KbM nexap, HOI3TO neKynaJI Ta3H paxa
Ho C'bU[HSI Ha'iMH, KaKTO ce neKyBa O6HKHOBeHo
H3rap5iHe.
,11,eItCTBHeTO Ha papHeBHTe nbtiH npOBepHJI B-bpxy
ce6e cH H IIHep Kiopu. ToH o6nvxmn xoHtaTa Ha
p xaTa CH B npogbn>KeHHe Ha peceT Baca, KoeTo
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
JjoBeiio AO C'bnjHTC nOCJICACTBHSI: nogepBCHHBaHe,
B7,anaJleHHe, OTH HTa paHa H JIetreHHe, KOeTO npOJ(6JI-
)KH7~JIO LIeTHpx Mecelja.
fO-K7iCHO cc H33ICHHJIO, tie pa) HeBHTe JrbgH MOraT
Jja OKa3BaT H noJIe3H0 Jje11CTBHe. npH IlpaBnJIHo
H3fOJI3yBaHe Ha pa) HSI (B MaJIKH ,Ijo3H) c Hero MoraT
Aa cc JIeKyBaT pa3JIHtIHH 3JIOKageCTBeHH TYMOpH.
BsrlpexH MHorOTO CBe,E enhH 3a CBOIICTBaTa Ha
pagHeBHTe H ypaHOBHTe Jrbim, 3a TSIXHOTO Jje ICTBHe
H pa3npocTpaxeHHe, B-bnpOC'bT .3a npnpoJjaza Ha
Te3H JrbgH npe3 TOBa pee ocTaBaji HeH33IcxeH.
3a J;a cc H331CHM T03H BMnpoc, 6HJi HanpaBeH
ciie);HHSIT onHT. B eJ;HH on oBeH I;HJIHHJ;7ap 6HJI0
nOCTaBeHO MaJIXO HOJIHtreCTBo pan HJM BeIgCCTBO,
c,bg-bp3KalnXo pagHI, TaKa tie JrbtHTe Morjni ga H33n3-
3aT CaMO B egHa nocoxa, a B pyre nOCOKH Te cc
nor4sn;aJIH OT J;e6ejIHTe OJIOBHH CTeHH ((Hr. 9).
Oxa3ano cc, qe nog ge ICTBHeTO Ha MarHHTHO none
CHOngeTO JIhgH cc pa3geJISI Ha TpH LIacTH. n'b$1Te,
HOHTO c3Ia6o cc OTxJIOHSIBaT B MarHHTHOTO nOJIe,
6HJn1 Hapet;eHH aJxpa-3rbIIH, JrbgHTe, KOHTO CHJIHO
cc OTKJIOHSIBaT - 6eTa-JI1,IH H JTh mTe, IOHTO cc
pa3npocTpaHSIBaT HanpaBO, (5e3 OTKJIOHeHHe -
raMa-Jrbgo.
C TO3H OHHT 6HJI0 Jjoxa3aHo, qe aJI4)a-JII tMTe
npegCTaBJISIBaT nOTOK OT fOJIO)KHTeJino HaTOBapeHH
gaCTHIjH, a 6eTa-JmXMTe - HOTOK OT tIaCTHI1H,. KOHTO
HOCSIT OTpHIraTejIeH eJIeKTpHgeCKH TOBap. raMa-
JIMgHTe, HeOTKJIOHSIBaIIAi cc B MarHHTHOTO nojie,
HSIMaT eJle}TpHgeCKH TOBap.
C nO-HaTaT-bIUHH H3c.IegBaHH3I 6HJIo ycTaHOBeHO,
qe aJ14a-JrbgHTe npe, cTaBJISIBaT HOTOI OT 6bp30
)jBH)KeII;H cc gaCTHIXH C HOJIO>KHTeJIeH TOBap, paBeH
Ha 2 e.IeKTpOHHH TOBapa,' H MaCOBO 1HCJIO, paBHO
Ha 4, H tie Te ca nogTH 7000 nfTH no-Texc1H oT eneK-
TpoHHTe. HHatie xa3axo, aJj4 a-gaCTHIjHTe cc oxa-
27
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
3anH aTOMHH 3igpa Ha xemnui. Te ce H3xB'bpJIxT OT
aTOMHHTe siipa Ha pawHsI c orpoMHa 'cxOpoCT, CTH-
rauga go 25,000 KM[cm.
Beusecm. fo,
paouu
Out. 9. ,IeI3CTBIe Ha MarHHTHOTO none
Bvpxy pawHeBOTO H jismi3 He. MarHHT-
HOTO none a nacoileHO nepneHRHxynApxo
K7,M uJIOCKOCTTa Ha HepTe>Ha
npH ABHxceHxe B'bB Bb3Ayxa H.nH B gpyra cpega
(Boga, iR'bpBO, ),KeJI3I30) aJicpa-LIaCTHIlHTe ce c6Jrb-
CKBaT C MOJIeKYJIHTe n aTOMHTe H TSIXHaTa CKOpOCT
nOCTeneHHO HaMaJISIBa. B xpax Ha xpanhr aTa Te
npHCbeAHHSIBaT KbM ce6e cH no ABa eneKTpoxa m
ce HpeBp'bmaT B XeJIHeBH aTOMH.
BeTa-JI'btMTe, KOHTO ce OTKJIOHABaT HaI3-MHoro
B MarHHTHO none, ce oxa3aiIH HOTOK OT eJleRTpoHH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
etc cicopocr Ha 9Bi4 HenHe, ,6.nf3Ka go cicopocrra Iia
cBeTJn3HaTa.
BHno RoHa3axo, qe raMa-iiv4HTe no CBOHTe CBO1-
CTBa ca nogo6HH Ha pexrrexoBHre nTmgH, ge Te He
ce OTKJIOHSIBaT HHTO B eJIexTpHLIec} o, HHTO B MarHH-
THO none H necno npeMHHaBaT npe3 roneMH Ae6eJrm
nperpaAH. Tama-n'bgHTe HMBT csnuaTa npHpoja,
xaRTO peHTrexoBHTe H CBeTJIHHHHTe Jr'bnn. Te ca
enexTpoMarHnTHH B bJIHH, pa3npoCTpaHHBaiuK ce B
6e3B1,39yu1HO npoCTpaHCTBO CBC cxopocT 300 000
KM/cex.
BcRxo H3JIT,iBaHe Ce H3nycxa H norn &n a Ha OTAe-
nHH gacTH, Hapetrenn xsaHTH. Ouse B xpaH Ha MHHa-
JIHH Bex pYCKHSIT 4)H3Hx H. H. JIe6ezeB ycTanoBH
no onHTeH II T, qe CBeTJIHHHHHT nOTOBc npHTe)KaBa
He camo exeprxx, HO H Maca. B 1905 roAHHa'HeMCKHxT
4)H3Hx A. AAHIgar3H Aoxa3a, ire MacaTa Ha BCSijo
T$IJIO e B3aHMHO CBLp3ana c HerosaTa eneprHH.
C yBeJIHgaBaxe macaza Ha TRJIOTO ce yseJrngaBa H
HerosaTa eHeprnz H o6paTHO. Cera Tosa nono)meHHe
e npoBepexo H nOTBT,pleHO OT MHOrogxcneRH OtIHTH
H HOCH HaHMeHOBaHHeTO 3anOH 3a B3aHMHaTa
Bp,L3Ka Me)K,iAy MacaTa H eneprnsITa. 110 TaK'bB
HatnH RBaHTHTe Ha H3JrbgBaHeTO npnTexcaBaT Onpe-
AefIeaa MaCa H eHeprHSI H ce ABHHgBaHe OT 'aTOMHHTe
sigpa Ha HSS1OH eneMeHTH ce Haplila paJ.[HOaKTHB-
HoCT, a eneMeHTHTe, KOHTO I331IycxaT TaKHBa J1 b iH -
paRnoaKTHBHn. YLIeHHTe yCTaxonHJn, ue aTOMHTe
Ha pa loaxTHBHHTe Beu;eCTBa T'bpnUlT caMOBOJIHO
pa3nagaHe, KaTO ce npeBp-bigaT B aTOMH Ha RpyrH
eneMeHTH. HMa CneWrnTe BHJjOBe paJW0aKTHBHO
pa3nagaHe: an4)a-pa3nagaHe, 6eTa-pa3nagaHe, eneK-
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HHe.
IIpn aJl4)a-pa3nagaHeTO OT 31ApOTO Ha paRHOaK-
THBHHH ATOM Ce H3XB'bpnSi an()a-11aCTIJIZa. B pe3yn-
TaT Ha TOBa TOBapT,T Ha SIApOTO ce HaManxBa C JjBe
eJ 11HHI.m, a MacaTa my - C LIeTHpH. CneJxoBaTe-
nHO S1gpeHHHT OCTaTsK ii a npeACTaBns1Ba aTOMHO
S1JGpO Ha HOB eneMeHT.
AK0 an(1)a-LIaCTHIIHTe ce H3nycKaT OT pagHI3 g,Ra226,
HOBOTO SLJ[p0 nee HMa TOBap, paBeH Ha 86, n MacOBO
'mcjio 222 - TOBa e aTOMHOTO S1JtpO Ha paJjoHa
((4Hr. 10).
Ho nepxoAw maTa Ta6Jn3ga Ha eneMeHTHTe BHHarn
MO>I(e a a ce oTxpne xaicbB eneMeHT ce noJIyLIaBa
npH egHO aJ4a-pa3riagaxe.
143xB'bpnsHeTO Ha 6eTa-LLacTHI-HTe CTaBa ci uuo
TaKa B pe3ynTaT Ha B'bTpeInHH 31J[peHH rlpeBp1n;a-
HH3I. H3ytiaBaHeTO Ha 31J(peHHTe gacTHgi4 - He-
yTpoHa m npOTOHa - e )oBeno K-bM HeonaKBaHH
oTKpwwi. Te3H gaCT14I111, KOHTO 6sixa CLInTaHH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
M npomo4t
138 NeympoJa
2npomom
2 ueympola
A()po Ha padue6 amour
(m6epdo 6eusecrn6o) A
AAOa --eacmueya
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cut. 10. ropHaTa 4acT Ha cpHrypaTa - )IApeno npeBpuuaHe
Ha paAHH B pa)HoH (ancpa-paanapane); AoJIHaTa aacT Ha cpH-
rypaTa - HApeHo npeBp ,n;aHe Ha pa.HoaHTHBHHH ATOM Ha
aiiaTOTO B HCHBageH aTOM C OTAeJIHHe Ha 6eTa-gaCT i a
(6eTa-pa3naAaHe)
3a eiieMe)rrapHH, c-LIuo Taxa ca cnoxclln eacTHnH.
C TeOpeTIMIH H OIIHTHI3 H3CJIeRBaHI3A e AoxaaaH0,
tie HeyTpOHST MO)xe ,I;a ce iipeBpi,iua B npOTOH,
ene}TpOH H HeyTpmHO, a npOTOH1T - B HeyTpOH,
n03HTpOH H HeyTpnHO.
HeyTpHHOTO a tiacTHua, }O)ITO HSMa eJIeRTpHtlecKH
TOBap c Maca, MHOrO no-MaJIxa OT MacaTa Ha enex-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
'rpoxa. ja ce Ha6JIToAaBa HeyrpHHOTO e haBSH
peuHO TpyAHO, T'bt3 KaTO Ta3H LIaCTHija npaKTHtiecKH
He B3aHMOAeI3CTByBa C Beu eCTBOTO.
n03HTpOH'bT NMa Maca, paBHa Ha MacaTa Ha eneK-
TpoHa; TOBap'bT My e paBeH Ha TOBapa Ha eJIeKTpoHa,
HO npOTHBOHOJIO)KeH no 3HaK.
KoraTO paJHOaKTHBHOTO Ben eCTBO H3nycKa enex-
TpOH, B HAPOTO CTaBa pa3naAaHe Ha HeyTpona.
ToBapvT Ha 59pOTO ce yBe HgaBa c eAHHHI;a, Tbt
KaTO ce yBeJIHtIaBa c eAHHHI;a H 6p0$IT Ha npOTOHHTe
B Hero. npn H3nycKaHe Ha n03HTpOHH B aTOMHHTe
3igpa cTaBaT npeBp-biuaHm Ha npoTOHHTe. SIApoTo,
KoeTO e H3XB'bpJIHJIO n03HTpOH, HMa TOBap, c eAH-
HHT;a no-Ma.IbK, noHe)Ke B Hero ce HamaJ15n3a 6pO31T
Ha npOTOHHTe. KaKTO eJTeHTpOH-bT, TaKa H n03H-
TpOH'bT, KOHTO Ce n3nyCKaT npH pa3naIaxeTO Ha
gIApaTa, ce HapmiaT 6eTa-LIaCTHI;H n ce 03HatIaBaT Cb-
OTBeTHO c P- H P+ (nonsixora ce 03Ha'IaBaT C e- H e+).
HO TaxbB Hatn1H 6eTa-pa3naAaHeTO HMa ABe pa3HO-
BHAHOCTH: eJIeKTpOHHO pa3naAaHe H n03HTpOHHO
pa3naAaHe. Me AaAeM npHMep}1 3a eAHHHH H ApyrHn
BHA pa3naAaHe. LIpe3 eJIeKTpOHHO 6m-pa3naAaHe
H3OTOfbT Ha TOpHSI 9,Th233 ce npeBp bII;a B npoTa-
KTHHHI3 91Pa233. PaAHoaKTHBHnHT H3OTOn Ha MarHe-
3H31 12Mg23 ce npeBp'biga B HaTpHI3 11Na23 B pe3yn-,
TaT Ha n03HTpOHHO 6eTa-pa3naAaHe. CI paTeHO
nOA06HH npeBp bn;aHH$1 MoraT Aa ce 3annniaT TaKa :
9oTh233, 91Pa233+
12Mg23- 11Na23+p+.
Bcwn-cii anK4)a-LTaCTHI;n, KOHTO ce H3nyCKaT OT
AaAeno paAnoaKTHBHO BeIIIeCTBO, HMaT npH6JIn3H-
TeJIHo eAHa n c n a eHeprnsi, AoKaTO 6eTa-LIaCTHT;HTe
ce H3nyCKaT c pa3J1HLIHH eHeprrH - OT 0 AO HSIKa-
KBa MaKCHMaJIHa CTOAHOCT, xiHCJIeHOTO 3HaqeHHe
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
Ha KogTO o6HKHOBexo Ce IIOCOUBa B cnpaBOtniHTC
Ta6n n H. CpeAHaTa eaeprHx Ha 6eTa-tiacTHnHTe. e
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CTH$H B MaZHHTHO none
AKO TeceH CIion or ancpa-macmuH ce nponycxe
npe3 MarHHTHOTO none, KaJTO e noxa3aHO Ha 4mr.11,.
BCHT4KH a3I4 a-tlac mI H ce' OTICJIOHHBaT npH6nH3H-
TeJTRO e)HaKBO, TT it KaTO rOneMHHaTa Ha OTKJIO
HeHHeTO 3aBHCH OT THXHaTa exeprHH, a, eneprHHTa
Ha BCHLIKH aol4)a-LIaCTH4H B gaJ HO paAHOaKTHBHO
BelljeCTBO e notiTH eAHaxBa. BTapxy 4)OTorpa4Ha
nnaxa, Ha KOSITO naAaT an4)a-tiacTHiW,. ce nonytiasa
T'bMHa caeAa BbB BHA Ha TSicxa HBHtixa. BeTa-tiaCTx-
IjHTe ce OTKJIOHSIBaT B MarHHTHO none pa3JIHtrHO:
eJHH rOBetie, Apyrn no-MaJIxO, B 3aBHCHMOCT OT
TSIXHaTa eneprwi. B T03H enytiaft B'LpXY cpozorpac)-
HaTa nnaKa ce nonytiaBa Ciiej a B%B BH9 Ha IIIHpoKa
pa3pegexa HBHiXa.
H3xBTLpneHHTe ancpa- H-6eTa-ZIacTHI;H ZiecTO ce
npHApyxcaBaT C H3nycxase Ha raMa-JIT xrH, KOBTO
OTHac)IT CT,C -ce6e CH H3JIHinHaTa exeprHSI, KoSITO
3 Ai peImTe H3nTatiESHHH upH aTOMHBH B3p8B
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
ocTaBa B HJjpOT0 ciieJj pasnaJjaHeTO. We npHBe. eM
npHMepH 3a npeBp'bujaHHHTa Ha H30TOrIHTe Ha pajjHH
H 'npoTa1cT11HH3I, HPII HOHTO ce H3nycxaT raMa-JTbgH.
88Ra223-+ 86Rn219+2He4+y;
91Pa234 -92 U2 +4N +y.
,aOCTa IieCTO ce cpenja OCO6eH BHA paWTOaxTHB-
HOCT - eJIeKTpOHHO 3aJIaB$iHe, T. C. 3aJIaBSIHe Ha
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ce 3anaHH OT K-cJIOH, 3aTOBa TO3H. BHA pagHOaKTH-
BHOCT 0614KHOBeHO ce HapHtia? K-3aiIaBSime. HpH
3anaBBHe Ha eJIeHTpoJT egHH OT npOTOHHTe Ha 51APOTO
ce npeBp ba a B HeyTpoH, cneAOBaTeJIHO c'bII{O I(aKTO
H npH II03HTpOHHOTO. 6eTa-pa3nagaHe To$apbT Ha
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aiTHBHHTe H3OTOnH Ha >KCJIH3OTO H HHKeJIa. B n'bp-
BHH cnytiai3 B pe3yJITaT Ha K-3anaBaHeTo aTOMHOTO
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a BBB BTOpHH cJlytiai3 He camo ce o6pa3yBa Hupo Ha
K06anTOB aTOM, HO ce H3nycHa H raMa-KBaHT.
26Feb 5 +-1 25Mn55
28NI56 - 27Co56+Y?
Ha OCB 06OA14JIOTO ce MHCTO B K-CJIOH npeMHHaBa
eJ)eRTPOH OT eJI,HH OT no-OTganeueHHTe cjioeBe Ha
eneKTpoHHaTa o6BHBKa. TaH'bB npoijec ce npnjjpy-
ixaBa c peHTreHOBO H3Jrbt#Bane.
C'bBeTCHHTe cbH3HuH r. H. cJIepOB H K. A. He-
T'bp>KaK OTKpHXa eAHO HOBO HHTepeCHO HBneHHe -
CaMOBOnHO (CHOHTaHHO) geneHHe Ha ypaHOBHTe HIZpa
H Ha HJjpaTa Ha HHKOH JjpyrH Te>KKH eneMeHTH Ha
A Be ?naptieTa" CbC CpeAHH MaCOBH tiHCna. TaHOBa
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
AeneHHe o6atle cTaBa MHoro no-6aBHO. OT aJicpa-
pa3na,LjaxeTO Ha C'LU HTe eneMeHTH.
Heo6xo) HMo e Aa ce oT6eJIe}KH, tie c npoToHHTe.
HeyTpOHHTe, eJle}TpOHHTe, IO3HTPOHHTe H HeyTpH-
HOTO peAHUaTa OT LIaCTHijH, KOHTO yLIaCTByBaT B-bB
BTTTpeIIIH0S1ApeHHTe - npOljeCH, Aaneiie He ce 143tIep-
nBa. IIpe3 nociieiHO Bpeme 4)H3HIjHTe ozxpiixa IwSIJIa
rpyna gacTHiu4 c &c H 6e3 eJIeKTpHLieCKH TOBap -
me3oIiH, LIHSITO maca e no-roJi3ima OT macaxa Ha
eJIeKTp0HHTe H no-Mania OT MacaTa Ha npOTOHHTe
HJIH HeyTpOHHTe H ce OTJIHLIaBaT C rojlsiMa HeCTa6HJI-
HOCT H HeAT,Jn'OTpa 1HOCT. Pa3naAaitKH Ce, Te3H
LiacTHIjH ce IipeBp'bn;aT B eJIe}TpoHH, n03HTpOHH,
HeYTpHHO H cpOTOHH.
Sp051T Ha aTOMHTe Ha ,Ija,IjeH paJ HoaKTHBeH e.iie-
McHT ce H3MCHf1 C TegieHHe Ha BpeMeTO IIO CJIeAHOTO
CT,OTHOIIIeHHe :
' N=Noe-at, (1)
KTaACTO Np - It$PBOHagaJIHHaT 6polt Ha pa,IjHoaK-
THBHHTC aTOMH;
N - 6pO$T Ha aTOMHTe, KOHTO He ca Ce pa3-
IIaAHanH cneA H3THLiaHe. Ha Bpeme t;
A - KOHCTaHTa Ha paAHOaKTHBHOTO pa3-
naAaHe; ronieMHHaTa Ha a ce onpe-
AeJIs HO OIIHTeH nTiT H e HeH3MeIwa
3a AajjeHO paAHOaIcTHBHO BenjecTBO;
T$1 xapaKTegH3Hpa BepOSITHOCTTa 3a
pa3llaAaHe Ha aTOMa 3a e)HHHIja
Bpeme;
e - OCHOBa Ha HaTypaJIHHTe JIorapHTMH;
eti2,7.
OT cpopmynaTa (1) CneABa, tie 3a eaHaxBH BpemeHa
6po$IT Ha -pauHoaITHBHnTe aTOMH ce HaManHBa
eAHO H Cbn(O LIHCJIO nT,TH. 3axoHl,T 3a paJHOaKTH-
BHOTO pa3naAane, KOl'3To ce onpeAeim c cpopmyjiaTa
(1), e B cHna canto npH AocraTi xmo romiM 6pot
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
paAHOaHTHBHH aTOMH, T. e. HMa CTaTHCTHgeCKH xa-
paKTep.
3a xapaxTepHCTHxa Ha cxopocTTa Ha pa3naAaneTo
uecTo ce H3nOJI3yBa Apyra BeJrnunHa - nepHOu
Ha nonypa3naJaHCTO, HOHTO ce o3HauaBa C 6yHBaTa T.
IIepxoA Ha noJrypa3naRaneTO ce Hapitra BpeMeTo,
3a xoeTO ce pa3naRaT noJroBHHHaTa OT BcngKH aTOMH
Ha RaReno paAHOaKTHBHO BeugecTBO.
KOHcTaHTaTa Ha pa3naJaueTO Moxce Ra ce H3pa3H
Hpe3 nepHoAa Ha noJrypa3naRaxeTO:
0,693
~`- T
ToraBa ropenocoueHOTO CbOTHOUreHHe uje HMa Manxo
no-Rpyr BHA:
0,6931
N=Noe T
3a npaKTHLrecKH H3LrHCJreHHH TO3H H3pa3 MO)Ke
Aa ce npHBeRe B no-yRo6eH BHR:
I N
N=No . 2_T = No ? (2)
2T
110 TaKbB
Ha 1,2H3
aKTHUHOTO
t=T, To N=0,5N0;
t=2T,,, N=0,25N0i
t=3T,,, N=0,125N0 H T. H.
HatHH cJreR H3THLraHe Ha BpeMe, paBHO
nepHoAa Ha rroJrypa3naRaHe, o77 paRHO-
BeU CTBO OCTaBaT c'boTBeTHo 50, 25
H 12, 50/0.
BpOfrT Ha aTOMHTe Ha paRHOaKTHBHOTO Ben;eCTBO,
KOHTO ce pa3naRaT 3a eAHHHUUa BpeMe, Onpe4enRT
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
alTHBHOCTTa HJIH CKOpOCTTa Ha paAHOaxTHBHOTO
pa3naJaxe.
Axo HMaMe N(paAHOaKTHBHH aTOMH H e H3BeCTHa
KOHCTaHTaTa Ha pa3naAaxeTO X, aKTHBHOCTTa a MOH(
Aa ce onpeAemn3 no cpopMyrlaTa:
_0,693
T
u_ 0,693 N T (3)
B13 OCHOBa Ha cpopMynaTa (3) Mowe ga ce Hanpa-
B$IT Asa MHOro Ba>KHH H3BoAa.
1. AKTHBHOCTTa Ha AaAeHO BeigeCTBO e HponopLuHO-
HaiIHa Ha HerOBOTO RoJnfvecTBO. KOJIKOTO no-roJIHMo
e KOJIHiieCTBOTO Ha paAHOaKTHBHOTO BeuueCTBO, TOJI-
HOBa no-rOjm o e pa3naAaHeTO H TOJIKOBa no-roJIAM
e HHTeH3HTeTST Ha H3JISXIBaHeTO.
2. AKTHBHOCTTa e TOJIKOBa nO-rOJIaMa, HOJIKOTO
no-MaJrbK e nepHOA'bT Ha nOJIypa3naAaHeTO Ha paAHo-
aKTHBHOTO BeII;eCTBO.
Aa BHAHM Kama e aKTHBHOCTTa Ha 12 paaHI Ra2S6.
IIpeAH BCHLncO TpH6Ba Aa ce onpegeJn3 6POHT
Ha 'aT.oMHHTe xgpa N B -1 z paAHg. H3BeCTHO e, qe
B 1 rpaM-ATOM OT AaAeH eneMenT ce cbA-bp3KaT
6,02. 1025 aTOMa. A rpaM-aTOM ce HapHqa onoBa
xoJIHLIeCTBO OT eJIeMeHTa, LIHeTO TerJIO B rpaMOBe
'IHCJIeno e paBHO Ha HeroBOTO aTOMHO Teruo.' 3a
ga ce HaMepH 6pos1T Ha rpaM-aTOMHTe, xpx6Ba o6MOTO
Teruo G, H3pa3exo B rpaMOSe, ga ce pa3AeJIH Ha
aTOMHOTO Teruo.; Torasa
N=G . 6,02. 10$5.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
3a paRHSI A=226; G=1 z; T=1590 roAHHH. CJie-
AoBaTeJ1HO
0,693
a= 1 .6 02 . 1023
226 1590. 365.24.3600 =
= 3,7. 1010 pa3rxaAaHHSI B cexyHAa.
no TaKT.B HaqHH B 1 z Ra226 excecexyHAHo ce
pa3naAaT 37 MHJIHapAa aToMa.
Aa ce H3mepH aHTHBHOCTTa C 6pos1 Ha pa3na,Ija-
HH5ITa B eJjHBHIja Bpeme e H3BbHpeAHO o6eMHcTa
pa6oTa. KaTO egHHHL(a axTHBHOCT e npHeTa axTHBHO-
CTTa Ha TaHOBa xOJIHUeCTBO pagHoaHTHBHO Bene-
CTBO, B xoeTO CTaBaT 37 MHJIHapJ7a pa3naJjaHH3I B
1 cex. Ta3H eAHHHIja ce HapHtia xlopH. HoHxxora
ce H3HOJI3yBaT H npOH3BO9HHTe eAHHHIjH - MHJIH-
KIOpA H MHxpOKIOpH, - paBHH C-bOTBeTHO Ha 37
MHJIHOxa H 37 xHn5AH pa3naAaHH3I B 1 cex. Cbne-
CTBYBa one ewHa eAHHHqa 3a aRTHBHOCT - peAT,p-
cpopA. EAHH peAbpcpapA aRTHBHOCT oTroBapx Ha
TaxoBa xoJIHUeCTBO paAHoaHTHBHO BeneCTBQ, B
HOCTO BCSIKa cexyHJja ce pa311agn no 1 MHJIHOH
aToMa.
HOHe}Ke 6pO31T Ha paAHOaKTHBHHTe aTOMH B
pe3yJITaT Ha pa3naAaHeTO HeHpeK1CHaTO ce HaMa-
J13IBa, TO H aHTHBHOCTTa C TQLIeHHe Ha BpeMeTO CbnO
ce HaMaJISIBa :
_ 0,693t _ t
a=),Noe T =),N,.2 T.
(4)
C HaManHBaHe aHTHBHOCTTa Ha paAHOaKTHBHHTe
BeneCTBa H HHTeH314TeT-bT Ha H3JI'bgBaHeTO HaMa-
JISIBa.
CxopocTTa Ha pa3naAaHcTO Ha paAHoa1THBHHTe
BeneCTBa ce cpaBHHBa HO T$JXHaaTa OTHOCHTeJIHa
a}THBHOCT, T. e, no aKTHBHOCTTa Ha 1 2 BeneCTBO.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
Pa/HOaKTxeBOCTTa. Ba 'xHMHgecIxTe eneMenTH,
KOHTO ce epen aT B rcpxpoIaTa, e rcpHeTO Ra ce BapHxxa'
ecTecTBeHa paZjHOaKTHBHoCT,a eneMeHTHTe - ecTe-
cTBeBO'paljHoaKTHBHH eneMeHTH. B Ta6n. 1 ca npx-
BeAeBH xapalTepHCTHKHTe Ha H5KOIi eCTeCTBeHO
pagxoaxTHBBH eneMeHTH.
Ta6nxua 1
Xapawrepxrrxxx xa icon ecTecraeao paAsoaxTunuE
.a vac-..: v
Ka,nr;H# 48 0,178 1 Bexa-nn~H
.,L. .2.1016 roA. ,
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Ijxpxoxt~i& . 96 2,8 6,2.1016 roA. Hera- mTn
o or Hera-nmgH
Kanarl 124 6,11 1,5 5.1017 roA.
BomppaM. 180 0,126 2,2.1016 roA. Ancpa-natH
BHCMyT 209 100 2,7.IO10 roA. Ancpa-n~~H
TopBfi 232 100 13,9 MnpA. roA. Amps-jmgg
YpaH . 235 0,714 { 713 MJIH. roA. Amps-dm u
Ypalc . . .. 23899.28 4,5 MnpA. roA. Ancpa-nz~qH
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
3. H3KYCTBEHO HPEBP73MAHE HA EJIEMEHTHTE
B 1919 roAHHa axr m tciHSrr ytreH PegLpcpopj
npvB ycrrx Aa npeBLpHe aTOMHTe Ha eAHH eJIeMeHT
B a1OMH Ha Apyr. KaTo ?cxapigH" 3a agpena 6oM-
6apAHpoBHa 6HJIH H3nOJI3yBaHH a3x4a-tracTHI;H. IIpH
C6JrbcRBaHe Ha aJx4)a-uacTH1;HTe C HApOTO Ha a3oTHHSH
ATOM Ce nOJIytraBa 51 O Ha xHCJIOpOAeH ATOM H
npOTOH.
Atom mucnopoe
Puz. 12. 5 Lpeno npesp'bnxa1e Ha asoTa B xacnopOA
HpOI;ecT;T Ha $3aHMogericTBneTO npoTHtIa npH-
6T1H3HTeJrxo Taxa. AJxf a-tgacTHn;aTa, nonajaftKH B
31APOTO Ha a3OTHH3i aTOM, ce 3a1IaB$I OT Hero. HOBOTO
$IApO, ROeTO CTaBa MHorO HeyCTOt3gHBO H B'b36ygeHO,
H3XBLLp.ISI npOTOH. RApOTO, HOeTO e H3nyCHaJIO
npOTOH, ce npespbn;a B HApO Ha xlCJlopo.eH aTOM
(4)Hr. 12) c MaCOBO tnlcno A = 17.
TadHBa npeBp'biaHHH Ha aTOMHHHTe Hgpa ce
HapntraT sigpeHH peaxuHH.
AJxpa-gacznI;HTe, xaxTO H L;pyrnTe tracTHI;H, HOYITO
HOCHT eneHTpHuecxH TOBap (npoTOH, enexTpoH H
Ap.), npH npeMHHaBane npe3 AageHo Belr;eCTBO
6 bp3O 3ary6BaT CBoxTa exepri B pe3yrrraT Ha B3aHMO-
Ae rCTBHeTO HM C eJle}TPOHHTe H aTOMHHTe $IApa.
'KoraTO a.x4a-gaCTHgaTa npeMHHar3a 6J;H3HO AO HApOTO,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
nocoxaxa Ha ABH)KCHHeTO ft ce ,H3MeHR. C TOBa ce
o6RCHRBa (paxTT,T,, tie OT CTOTHIM XHJIRAH H Aaxce
MHJn3omi asr(pa-gacTHI;H camo eAHa nonaAa B HApOTO
H npeAH3BHKBa HApeHa peaRI nR. 3aTOBa He e TpyAHO
Aa ce pa36epe, tie : noilygaBaHeTO xa xaxvB Aa e,
eJIeMeHT HO H3KyCTBeH HatmH CTpyBa MHOI'O CKT,nO.
B HatIaJIOTO H3rJ1e)KAame npHMaMJIHBa HanpHMep
peaiu iiRTa 3a rIOJiyLIaBaHe Ha 3JIaTO OT )HHBaK,
HO ce .oRa3a, ge TaROBa H3KyCTBeHO nOJlytieHO 3JIaTO
CTpyBa 3Hatn3TemIHO no-CWbHO OT O6HKHOBeHOTO 3JIaTO.
Ronno)KeHHeTO CT,nXeCTBeHO Ce H3MeHH c ieg OTxpH-
BaHeTO B 1932 rogkHa OT aIraHrici H d)H3Hx xlaABHr
Ha maCTH1 H, KOHTO He HOCRT HHKaKT,B eJIeHTpngecRH
TOBap - HeyTpOHHTe. HeyTpoHHTe.cBo6ogHo, ripe
MHHaBST npe3? eJIeKTPOHHaTa 06BHBKa Ha aTOMa n ce
cpeuAaT C HerOBOTO SIApO, 3aTOBa RApeHHTe.peaxijHH
C HeyTpoHH ca MHoro no-yCnenIHH, OTKOJIKOTO peaK-
nKHTe c. tiacrinnH, KORTO _HOCRT e.IeKTpRgeCKH TOBap.
B 1934' roAHHa cDpeJepxx )KOJIHO-KIOpH 3aeAHo
c xtexa cH HpeH )KonHo-KIopH, HanpaBHxa roJIRMo .
bzxpETHe - 3a H ThB n'LT 6Rxa nonytienH paAHO-
aRTHBHH eJIeMeHTH no H3KyCTBeH HT,T. TOBa OTKpH-
THe 3aeJHO C OTKPHBaHeTO Ha HeyTpOHHTe no ci,u e-
CTBO ce BBHBa Hatia.IO Ha ROB elan B pa3BHTHeTO
Ha aTomHaTa (pH3HKa.
KIOpH HOAJIOHCHJIH Ha 60M6ap,gHpoBRa c aJi(pa-
LIaCTHI;H aJIyMHHHeBa nnacTHHxa. IIJIacTHHxaTa H3-
nycxaJia HeyTpoHH, HOHTO BeAHara H3ge3BaJn3, njoM
xaTo ce npexpaTRBan noToxT,T OT aJI(pa-LIaCTHgH. HapeA
c HeyTpOHHTe ce OTgeJiHJIH H nO3HTpOHH, npH xoeTO
H3JT 'IBaxeTO Km npoA'7Jn>RaBano H ciieg xaTo 6HJi
npeMaxxaT H3TO iHHKT,T Ha aJI4a-tiacTHgH.
EpORT Ha H31IyclaHHTe H03HTPOHH Ce H3MeHR no
CT,MHR 3aKOH, no ROf3TO ce H3B'LpfBa pa3naAaxeTo
Ha eCTeCTBeHO paAHOaKTHBHHTe enneMeHTH. B pe3yJI-
TST Ha TaIKaBa pear;wi 6HJi uoJIytIeH H3KyCTBeHO
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
paAHOaKTHBHHSIT H30TOH (15P30), KOI3TO, pa3iIa-
AafIKH Ce, AaBa r103IITpOHIIO H3JITbXlBaHe.
CxeMaTa Ha peaHIZH5ITa e cJIeAHaTa:
13A127 = 2He4 -' 1sP30 + onl;
anyMHHHH ancpa-vaCTHua 4)occpop HeyTpoH
15P30- 14`130+N'F.
4 oc4 Op CHJIHIIHH r1O3HTPOH
11O-x'bCHO tlpe3 H3nOJI3yBaHe Ha HeyTPOHH 3a
SIApeHH npeBp-blI aHHSI Moxcaxa Aa ce rroJlyuaT paAHO-
aKTHBHH H3OTOHH He caMO Ha CbmeCTByBaIgHTe
eJIeMeHTH, HO Aa 6T,AaT OTKpHTH H HOBH eJIeMeHTH.
Bsixa nOJIyLIeHH eJ1eMeHTH C nO-Te>JKH s1Apa OT ypaHa,
IIo-paHO McHAeJleeBaTa Ta6=ua 3aBLpIHBame
c ypaH. HoBonojlyuerHTe eJIeMeHTH 651xa Hape'-IexH
c.neAypaHOBH HJIH TpaxcypaHoBH.
Ha MexcAyxapoAHaTa xoxc epeHI1HSI 3a MHpHOTO
H3HOJ13yBaxe Ha aTOMHaTa eHeprls1 ()1_eHeBa, 1955 r.)
6eme noTB'bpAeHO He caMO OTxpHTHCTO Ha 99-TH31
H 100-HH51 eneMeHT, Ho ce CT,0611W H 3a OTxpHBa-
HeTo Ha 101-BHSI e.nemeHT. B LIeCT Ha rojieMHTe yxieHI3
A IHu ai3H, (DepMH H McHAeJIeeB Te3H TP11 eJIeMeHTa
6slxa HapeueHH a IHIL aI3HH'~I (E - N2 99), 4)epMHK
(Fm- Ns 100) H McHAeJIeBHH (Mv - N4 101).
HpH exepreTHUHHTe I33LIHCJICHH3I exeprHHTa Ha OT-.
AeJIHHTe AApa e no-ygo6HO Aa ce H3pa3slBa He B
o61.I;onpxeTHTe -eAHHHI[H (xanopxsl, xHJIorpaMoMe-
Tb H Ap.), a B CneuHaJIHH CAHH1411H - eJIeITpOH
BOJITOBe (C'bKpaTeHO - e6) H MeraenIexTpOHBOJITOBe
(c'bxpaTeHO - Mee), U PH xoeTO 1 Mee = 106 ee.
EJIeHTpOHBOJIT'bT a Taxosa xoJIHWIecTBO, eHeprHSi,
KOSITO ce npHAo6HBa OT eAHH eJIeKTpOH, 'KOi1TO npe-
MHHaBa eJIeKTpHLIecKo none c IIOTCHI;HaJIHa pa3-
JIHKa 1 a.
3a rOJIeMHHaTa Ha Te3H CAHHHI;H MOHCe Aa Ce CbAH
HanpiMep OT CJIeJHOTO CiOTHOIneHHe.: 1 MJIpa. Me-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
raeJIexTpOHBO:riTa (108 Mee) e paseH Ha 0, 000038 Kan;
I Mee = `3, 83.10-14 Kan. O6atie B aTOMHHH CBHT
eJIeXT OHBOJIThT CLBCeM He e Manxa Beim n3Ha
enexzpOH, xo#TO HMa exeprHsi 1 ee, ce` ABHHCH CbC
cxopocT mono 600 KNIUK.
4. REJIEHHE HA $1APATA H BEPH}KHA
SIAPEHA PEAKIIH31
B 1939 rogHHa 6eule nanpaBexo HOBO BaHCHo
OTKpHTHe - OTH HTO 6e . CBOffCTBOTO Ha sIJjpaTa
Ha ypaHOBHTe aTOMH ga Ce AeJIHT nOA AeiiCTBHeTO
Ha HeyTpOHHTe Ha ABe LIaCTH.
O6JI-b'iaa#xH ypaxa C HeyT OHH c ije: i ga 6ibga4
nOJlytieHH HOBH TpaHCypaHOBH eJIeMeHTH, ytieHHTe
3a6eJIsL3aJIH, me ce O6pa3yBaT H?H3BeCTHH no-patio
paAHOaxTHBHH H3OTOnH. H3CJIeABaHHHTa noxa3axa,
tie ToBa. ca paAHOaxTHHBHH H3OTOnH Ha eJlemeHTHH,
KOHTO ce HaMHpaT B cpejHaTa gacT Ha nepHO HtI-
Hara Ta6jmga Ha Men eJieeB, HanpHMep 6por,
JIaHTaH, 6apHIt, KpHIITOH H Ap. Tosa nocJry)KHJiO
xaTO OcHOBaHHe 3a cMeJIOTO npewnonosxeHHe, Lie
aTOMHHTe sigpa Ha ypaxa ce pa3Aen3IT nog AeItCTBHeTo
Ha HeyTpoHHTe. IIpoAyITHTe, KOHTO ce o6pa3yBaT
npH geiieHHeTO, HJIH xa}TO LIecTO rH HapxtlaT, ?nap-
LIeTa" 'OT gejleHHeTo, ca aTOMHH sIZjpa Ha no-JIeRH
eiiemeHTH. HO-x-bCHO TOBa npegnonouxxHTe HIApa Ha no-neHH ce oTAeJI I orpoMHO xoJII3-
gecTnO exeprHHi. HanpHMep AeJ1eHHeTO Ha ggpaTa
Ha egmH rpam ypaH ce CbfpOBO)xga c OTAenxxe Ha
TaxOBa xoJIHLIeCTBO exeprHH, ROM e 1 ocTaT'bLIHO
Aa 3arpee go xHHeHe 200 T BoAa.
3an(o HpogeC-bT Ha geJIeHHeTO Ha ypaxoBHTe i pa
HpOTHga C ocBo6o>iAaBaxe Ha HeyTpoHH? 3a o6HIc-
HHIBaHe Ha ToBa HIBJIeHHe Hexa Hpoc iejHM xax ce
H3MeH3I C'boTHOHIeHHeTO Ha 6pO31 Ha HeyTpOHHTe H
HpOTOHHTe B aTOMHHTe HiApa Ha xHMHLIecxHTe ene-
McHTH C HapaCTBaHe Ha aTOMHHHI HOMep. Oxa3Ba Ce,
ge 6p031T Ha HeyTpOHHTe HapaCTBa HO-6'bp30, OTxOJl-
10TO 6pOHT Ha HpOTOHHTe. B 5JT POTO Ha HHCJIOpOAHHHI
ATOM Hma 8 HeyTpOHa H 8 HpOTOHa, B 319POTO Ha cpe-
6'bpHHHI ATOM - 60 HeyTpOHa H 47 HpOTOHa, a B
HIApOTO Ha ypaH 235 - 143 HeyTpoHa H 92 npOTOHa.
,I1a Aoriycnem, qqe HIApOTO Ha ypaHa, 3aJIaBHH3i(H
HeyTpoH, ce e pa3HaAHaJIo Ha ABe paBHH LIacTH.
CneAoBaTeJIHO BbB BC3Ix0 ?Hapge" TpI6Ba Aa Hma no
46 HpOTOHa H no 72 HeyTpoHa. TaRHBa ,napgeTa"
ca HIgpa Ha aTOMHTe Ha McTana naiiaAHR. Ho B Hame-
peHHTe B HpHpoAaTa H30Tbfh3 Ha HanajnHi maCOBOTO
LiHCJIO He HaAMHHaBa 110, CJIeAOBaTeJIHO HeyTpOHHTe
B HIApOTO ca HaI3-MHoro 64. 110 Tax'bB HaTIHH HIApaTa,
IOHTO ce HOnygaBaT HpH AeJIeHHeTO, Cbg-bp)xaT
MHOrO H3J IIIHH HeyTpOHH. Ta3H HpeTOBapeHOCT C
HeyTpOHH e Bax(HO CBOItCTBO Ha peaxi(HHTe, HpH
xOHTO ce H3BTipIIIBa AeneHHe Ha HIApaTa, H o6ycJlaB31
HeyCTOligHBOTO CbCTOHIHHe Ha ?HapxieTaTa". MOM
xaTo ,napxreTaTa" ce HORBHIT, BeAHara 3aHogBaT Aa
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
ce ocBo6oHq aBaT OT H3JnIIIIHHTe HeyTpOHH. zIacT
OT HeyTpOHHTe MOMeHTaJIIiO H3.JIHTST OT ??napgeTaTa".
ToBa ca HeyTpoHH, OCBO6OReHH B npozzeca Ha gene-
HHeTO (2-3 HeyTPOHa npH BC$IRO OTAeJIHO AeneHHe).
Aapo npe&u S7d po 6 moMefm
deAeHuemo Ha deAeyuemo
11o6u HeympoNu
cuz. 13. Peaxuw e, upM IOMTO ce H3Bbpm-
aa geJ1eHHe Ha H,gpOTO Ha ypauoBHSI aTOM
Ma.lxa LIacT (He nOBeLIe OT 10/a) ce oTReJISx C H3BeCTHO
3aKbcnexne. Ho H c.ueg TOBa B SIApaTa Ha ?napueTaTa"
HMa H3JmnIHH HeyTpOHH, IOHTO T-bpnHT B'bTpenIHo-
$IJ peHH npeBp b1I aHHH B npoijeca Ha pagHoaxTHB-
HOTO pa3nagaxe Ha aTOMHHTe si pa. T03H npoijec
npoTHLIa C H3nyCxaHe Ha 6eTa-LIaCTHIw.
Ha 4 )Hr. 13 e Iloxa3aHO geneHHeTO Ha aTOMHOTO
SIApo nog geI1CTBHeTO Ha HeyTpoxa.
B HaiiaJloTo npH 3aJIaBHHezo Ha HeyTpOHa ce o6pa-
3yBa HeyCTOflgHBO Me>K-
HaTa i pexa peaxIAHSL, KoxTO ce H3B-bpn1Ba B ypaH 235.
IIpH AeJleHHeTO Ha HfbpBOTO s19pO ce ocBo6o>KAaBaT
3 HeyTpoxa. Bcexll OT Tslx rionaga B HOBO RApO H
npeAH3BHKBa BTOpH a}T Ha J>;eJIFHHe. npH BTOpOTO
genenne ce ocBO6O>KJ[aBaT 9 HeyTpona. CJIeJ1;oBaTe-
JIHO B TpeTHSI aKT ce H3B'bpnlaT 9 geJIeHHH, B qeTB'bp-
THH - 27 H T. H.
Buz. 14. Bepxxcs2 gApexa peaxr;HSi
no TaK bB HaiIHH peacu[HnTa npOA-bJI>KaBa H no-
HaTaT'bK. PeaK1A143i, HOSITO 3aIIOLIBa B pe3yJITaT Ha
BI,HnIHO B'b3AefICTBHe H nO-HaTaThx calla ce nog-
A-bp>Ka, ce HapmIa Bepnw a peaHun5I. B AageHHn
cJlytia I HMaMe BepHxcna peaKuxsn Ha geneHue Ha
sI) paTa - BepHxcna ggpeHa peaHI4Hsi. BepH>KHH
xHMHUecKH peaxuHH ca HanpnMep ropeneTO (peaK-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
1I43i, npH KOHTO ropc1IgOTO 'BeIuecT'BO Ce CSegHHSIBa
c xHcnopoga) H JeiCTBHeTO Ha B3pHBHHTe BeigeCTBa
(peaKuHSI, npH x03ITO ce pa311araT HeycTo lHBHTe
MoneHyJIH Ha B3pHBHHTe BeII;eCTBa).
3a ga Moxce BepnxcHaTa sigpeHa peaKunsi ga He
3aTHxHe, Tps16Ba ga ce cna3BaT orlpegeneHH yc.ilo-
BHSI?. r1pegH BcI4HO ca Heo6xogHMH BelueCTBa,
aTOMHHTe slgpa Ha KOBTO MoraT ga ce geJlnT nog
ge rCTBHeTO Ha HEyT OHH., TaKHBa BeigecTBa 3a-
cerA ca gBa 1430Tona Ha ypana (ypaH 235 H. ypaH
233) H n;IyToHH1Y 239. HeyTpoHHTe, xoHTo ce H3rryc-
cxaT npH zjeneHHeTO, ce pa3JIHTaT C pa3JIHLIHH CKO-
pOCTH - OT 2 go 20 000 1tM/ceK. Horn IeHHTe Be-
igecTBa ce geJISIT OT HeyTpOHH,. KOHTO Ce gBH)KaT
C Bc5iKaXBH CKOpOCTH. 3aTOBa Te ce H31IOn3yBaT
3a SlgpeHH eHCIIJI03WBH. HMa BeluecTBa, HanpHMep
ypaH 238, TOpHI1 232, KOHTO ce gejigT CaMO nog
gelCTBHeTO Ha 6Jp3H HeyTpOHH; HanpHMep ypaH
238 ce geJIB CaMO nog gef3CTBHeTO Ha HeyTpOHH,
to sITO eHeprI35I e no-ronsiMa OT I Mee (cKOpocT Ha
gBllxceHHe mono 12 000 FM/cex). B npoueca na gene-
HHeTO ce OCB06o>xgaBar MHOrO TaxHBa HeyTpoHH,
o6a,qe Te 6bp3O 3ary6BaT CBOSITa exeprxsl npH c6nbc-
I($aHeTo HM C slgpaTa Ha BeigecTBOTO. OcHeH TOBa,
HoraTo xeyTpoxnTe HMaT ronsiMa eHeprnsi, BepoxTHO-
cTTa 3a sigpeHa peaxunsl H 3anassre e Manxa, Han-
gensIBa npouec-bT Ha pa3cefkBaneTO, npH KOI TO HeyTpo-
HHTe 6'bp30 3ary6BaT cHosTa eneprnsl. BeposTHocTTa
3a geneHKeTO Ha ypaH 235 cc 3a6aBsmeTO Ha HeyTpo-
HHTe HapacTBa, a B ypaH 238 geneHHeTO ce npexpa-
VIBa, igOM KaTO - eHeprHSITa Ha HeyTpOHHTe cTaHe
no-MaJIKa OT 1 Mee.
npH geneHneTO Ha sIgpaTa HeyTpoHHTe MoraT ga
P3neT3IT HaBbn OT ypaHOBOTo napxie, 6e3 ga cpeII(HaT
no CBOSI H'bT HHTO egHO Hgp0. KOJIKOTO no-Mamcp e
KOJIHLIeCTBOTO Ha BeIUeCTBOTO, B xOeTO npoTHga
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
BcpHHCHaTa AApeHa peaxijHA, TOnKOBa noBe'le Frey-
TpOHH ce ry631T, H3JIH3ath u OT Hero B rIpOCTpaH-
CTBOTO. CneAOBaTeJIHO KOnHtIeCTBOTO Ha AeJIAaaOTo
ce BenjeCTBO TpA6Ba Aa 6LAe AOCTaTTbtIHO rOnAMO.
Hai -MaJIKOTO KOJIHLIeCTBO AeJIAHIO ce BemecTBO,
B KOeTO MO>Ke Aa npOTexie BepH),KHa AApeHa peai(HH,
ce HapHiia KpHTHLIHO KOJIHgeCTBO HJIH_ HpETHtiHa
Maca.
HeyTpoHHre MoraT Aa B3aHMOAefICTByBaT He camO
c ypaHOBHTe AApa, Ho H c AApaTa Ha Apyrx eneMelITH,
KOHTO ce HaMHpaT B ypaxa B'bB BHA Ha npHMeCH.
HpHMeCHTe MoraT Aa norimigaT HeyTpOHH H C TOBa
Aa npeLlaT Ha xoAa Ha AApeHaTa peaRLjHA, 3aTOBa
ypaHT,T TpH6Ba Aa ce OLIHCTBa OT Bc iKaICBH HpHMeCH.
3a AApeH eKCIIJI03HB MoraT Aa 61,AaT H3fOn3yBaHH
ypaH 235, ypaH 233 H nnyToHHH 239. OT TAX B npHpO-
AaTa ce cpeuja camo ypaH- 235, H TO B MaJiRO xoJm-
LIecTBO. O6aue rnaBHOTO 3aTpyAHeHHe B H3110n-
3yBaHeTO Ha TO3H H30TOn Ha ypaHa ce CBCTOH He B
TOBa, Lie TOi3 ce cpeuja B Man-co xojiHLIeCTBO, a B TOBa,
LIe ce c?bAvp>Ka B ypanoBaTa pyAa 3aej i-io c Apyr
H30TOrI Ha ypaHa - ypaH 238. BBB BCeRH TOH LiHCT
McTajmgiecKH ypaH, nonyLleH OT pyAa, Hma npH6JiH3H-
TenHO 7 K2 nex H3OTOn H 993 KZ TexcbK. jja OTAeJiki
ypaH 235 e TpyAHO, TbrI KaTO H3OTOHHTe HMaT eAHa-
KBH XHMHgeCKH CBOi3CTBa n MoraT Aa 67~AaT pa3AeneHH
no 4)H3HLIecRH McTOAH, OCHOBaHH Ha TeXHHTe TerJIOBHH
pa3nHLIHA.
JJa pa3rJleAaMe GCHOBHHTe C4H3HK0-XHMHLieCKH H
paAHoaxTHBHH CBOi3cTBa Ha ypaHa. t-IHCTHAT ypaH
npeACTaBJIABa CBeT-bn, MHOrO Te)K'bK McTan c OTHO-
CHTenHO Term 18,7 2/cm3. C xnciiopoAa ce c'beAH
HABa MHOro HHTeH3HBHO. IIpH o6HKHOBeHa TeMnepa-
Typa ce oKHCJIABa no noBT~pXHOCTTa. JIeCHO ce pa3-
?TBapA B pa3pe,eHa csIpxa H coJIHa KHceJIHHa. Tones
ce B HHepTeeH ra3 npH TeMnepaTypa 11309 (>Ken5130TO
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
ce Tom npH 15350); B npHCbcTBHe Ha KHCnopOJ
npH Taxai a Temnepazypa TOR 6'bp3O H3rapsi. ToBa ca
CBORCTBaTa Ha npHpoAHH$ Hepa3AeJIeH ypaH. CBOR-
CTBaTa Ha H30TOIIHTe Ha ypaHa (ypaH 235 H ypaH
233) ca MHOro 6JIH3KH Ao oHHcaHHTe.
II n y T O H H H T e OTKpHT cpaBHHTeiiHO HeoTAaBHa
(Bxpax Ha 1940r oAHHa) H H5{KOH HerOBH CBORCTBa
ca owe HeAOCTaT'bLIHO H3yLIerH. Toil e manxo no-
Te>K'bx OT . ypaHa. HerOBOTO OTH&HTeJIHO Terno e
19, 8 z/cM?. Tones cc npH 6400 TeMnepaTypa. YpaHTTT
H nnYTOHHHT ca paAHOaKTHBHH eneMeHTH. npH
pa3naAaHeTO CH H3nyCKST an(pa-LIaCTHIjH c eHeprHSi
OKOJIO 5 Mee. HepHo bT Ha noJlypa3naAaHeTO Ha Team
eneMeHTH e TOJIKOBa rOJ UIM, Lie fO3BOJIHBa Aa cc
Cb3AaBaT 3anacH OT AenxujH ce MaTepHaJin. TaKa
ypaH 235 Hma nepuoA Ha nonypa3naAaHe 713 mJIH.
roAHHH, ypax 233 - 163 XHn5IAH roAHHH H nnyTO-.
HHHT - 24 xHnHAH roAHHH. KOJIKOTO n0-ron5iM e
nepHOA'bT Ha nonypa3naganeTO, TonxoBa no-6aBHO
cc pa3naja AaAeH paAHOaKTHBex eneMeHT. AKO ce
B3eMaT eAHaHBH TerJIOBHH KonHLIeCTBa OT H30TOrIHTe
Ha ypaHa H nnyTOHHSI, TO 3a eAHO H CbnjO BpeMe
nJIJTOHHSIT H3IIyCKa 29 000 n'LTH noBe'ie an(pa-a-,
CTHI1H, OTKOJIKOTO ypaH 235, H 6 nvTH noBeTie, OTKOn-
KOTO ypaH 233. IIpr pa6oTa c paAHOaKTHBHH Be-
IIjeCTBa ce B3eMaT CneijnaJIHH MepHH 3a npeAna3-
BaHe OT TeXHHTe H3JrbgBaHH51.
IIJIyTOHHSIT He ce cpeuja B IlpnpOAaTa. TOR cc
nonytIaBa H3KyCTBeHO B HApeHH peaKTOpH, HapHLIaHH
VeCTO aTOMHH KOTJIH.
Aa pa3rneAaMe KaK ce noJiygasa nnyTOHHHT B
ypaHO-rpa(~HTHIiTe peaKTOpH, KOHTO ce H311On3yBaT
Hal-LIeCTO (d)-Hr. 15). OCHOBHa HerOBa LIaCT e ax-
THBHaTa 30Ha, npegcTaBnHBauja rpad)HTeH 6nox,
B LIHHTO OTBepCTHSI ce nOCTaBSIT HP-bXIKH OT npH-
poAeH ypaH. Fpad)HTLT CJIy>KH 3a 3a6aBmIe Ha
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
HeyTpoHHTe, oTAenxn;H ce npH J ene 'TIeTO Ha ypaHa.
RaTO 3a6aBIITeJI moral ga 67,gaT H310JI3yBaHH H
ApyrH Jlexn BeIIZeCTBa, HOITO 'CJIa6o norJI-Bn.[aT HC-
yTpOHHTe, HanpHMep TexKo6eH npH6op,
CHa6AeH C peHTreHona neHTa. C TAX Te KOHTpOnHpaT
o6JITitIBaHeTO.
(DOTorpa(DHHHT /A03HMeT'bp nO CBOSITa KOHCTpyK-
IIHA e MHOrO npOCT H AOCT-bneH H B'bnpCHH TOBa He
ce H3nOn3yBa B HOneBH yCJIOBHA, noHeHxe mHaHTa
ci,;IbpHCa ronRMO FOnHLIeCTBO BOJjopoJL. 3aTesa e
Heo6xo HMo xaMepHTe (MaTepHaJrbT Ha CTeHHTe H
H3H'bJIBaUjHHT ra3) Jja ca eKBHBaneHTHH no TTbKa1.
3a perHCTpHpaHeTO Ha OTJjeJIHHTe HMHynCH, 1OHTO
cc Cb3JI B T OT OTCxauaIAHTe RJjpa, T. e. 3a 6poeHe Ha
6-bp314 HeyTpOHH, MOraT Jja 6'bjjaT H3HOJI3yBaHH cHe-
IjHanHH ra30BH 6pORgH.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
nOTOK OT 6aBHH HeyTpOHH Ce H3MepBa c ra3OBI1
6pox'Ill, Han WIHeHH C, HSIKoe c beaHHeHHe Ha 6opa.
O6HKHOBeHO 3a Ta3H ue3 ce H3HOJI3yBa 6opeH TpH-
cpJryopHA (ra3) - BF3.
Mowe Aa Ce I33noJI3yBa u HSIKOe TB7bpAO CbeAH-
HeHIIe Ha 6opa (Harlpnmep 6opoB Kap6HA B4C), KOeTO
ce nocTaBH B'bB BHA Ha T'hH-bx CJIOIt Brbpxy nOB'bpX-
H0CTTa Ha e3eKTpoAHTe. Bop'bT npHTeHtaEa cnoco6-
HocTTa Ao6pe Aa nor3-bIAa 6aBHHTe HeyTpOHH, npH
xoeTO ce H3B'bpIIIB2 C3eLHaTa peaKIZHSI:
5B'? + 0nl -, 3Li7 + 2He4 .
JIHTHeBOTO SiApo n a3cpa-uacTlluaTa ce pa3JTHTaT
B pa3JIHLIHH CTpaHH H o6pa3yBaT npH nnbJIHO rlor3'b-
Iuane Ha T5IxxaTa erleprnH 0x0310 80 000 ABOAXII ROHM.
BOpHH5IT 6pollu owe Aa ce H3IIO33yBa 3a 6poexe
Ha 6'bp3H HeyTpOHH, aKo npeABapHTe3HO rH 3a6aBHM
C napa4MmeH nnaCT, nOCTaBeH OK030 6posma.
HeyTpOHHHTe 6po5ItlH, nocTaBeHH B HApeHHTe
peaKTOpH, n03B035IBaT aBTOMaTHXIHO peryimpaxe Ha
pa6oTaTa. 3aTOBa e HeO6XOAHMO Bb3HHKBaI9H51T B
6pOSILIHTe IAOHH3aInIOHeH TOK Aa ce npeAaIe cnej
yCH3BaHeTO My Ha C'bOTBeTHH 143nb3HHTe3HH Mcxa-
HH3MH, CB'bp3aHH c pery3HpalwiTe H aBapn IHHTe
np'bTH.
B HSIKOH cnytIaH 3a pernCTpHpane Ha HeyTpoHH
MOMCe Aa ce H3no33yBaT paAHOaKTHBHHTe HHAHKa-
TOpH. ATOMHHTe Hgpa Ha H5IKOH CTa6HJH14 H3OTOnH
rlorJrbIUaT HeyTpOHH H CTaBaT pawHOaKTHBHH. He e
TpyAHO Aa ce H3MepwT H33'bLIBaHH3ITa, KOHTO AaBaT
Te, no eAHH or noco'TeHHTe no-rope HaurHH. Ho pe-
3yJITaTHTe OT H3MepBaHHSITa Moxce Aa Ce H3LIHCJIH
IleyTpOHHHSIT UOTOK, KOATO a AeHCTByBaJI Bbpxy
HHAHKaTOpa.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
II. OSI4A XAPAKTEPHCTHKA
HA ATOMHOTO OP1)KHE
ATOMHOTO opT,xCHe e Taxosa opT,>CHe, TIHeTO Aei.-
cTBHe ce OciOBaBa Ha H3nOJI3yBaHeTO Ha BTLTpeUIHO-
slApeHaTa (aTomnaTa) eueprHSi. Tx ce oTAenH xaRTO
ripll $iApeHHTe peaxlarH C B3pHBeH xapaxTep nopaJH
AenenneTO Ha Te)xxHTe aTOMHH RApa (Ha ypaHa, Ha
HnyTOHHsI) HJIH c"beAHHHBaxeTO Ha neHH aTOMHH
HApa (H30TOnH Ha BOAopoAa, Ha nHTHH), Taxa m HpH
HocTeneHHOTO pa3naJaHe Ha a.TOMHHTe xrpa Ha pa-
AHOaxTHBHJ TC BenjecTBa.
HMa Asa BHAa aTOMIHO opbwne: aTOMxo op%, iKne
c B3piBno ReICTBHe - aTOMHH (ypaHOBH H Hny-
TOHHeBH) H BOAOpoAHH (TepMOxjpenn) aBHagIIoHHH
6om6H, apTHnepHAcxH cxap5IAH, IIeyrIpasnslemH H
ynpaBJI eMH caMOJIeTH cnapngm, TOpneAa H paxeTH,
cna(5AerrH C aTOMHH 3apxJH (cpnr. 21), H 6oiHn
paAHoaxTHBHH BeIYjecTBa - CnelrHaJIHO npH-
roTBeHH paAHoaxTHBHH CMecII B-bB BH9 Ha TetIHOCTH
H npaxoBe, C ROXTO moral ija ce cHapSIAaT aBHaZjHOH-
HH 6om6H, paxeTH H peaHTHBHH MHHH (q)Hr. 22).
ATOMHOTO OpT,H(He C B3pHBHO Ae1CTBHe Cny)ICH 3a
pa3pylnaBaHe Ha pa3JIHLIHH o6e}TH H cbopv)xeHHg,
3a yHHII(O)ICaBa-e Ha 6oirh Ta TexHHxa H nopa3BBaHe
xa xopaTa. BOHHHTe paAHoaxTHBHH BeujecTBa cJly-
)xaT 3a 3apa3srEaFre Ha ,AICCTHOCTTa H B-b3Ayxa c uen
Aa ce nopa331T xopaTa.
1
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246A038500160001-7
(Pus. 22. H3IIOJI3yBaHe H3 SCrIHIITe pauloa:cTHBHH Beu ecTBa
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
1. ATOMHO OP bKCHE C B3PHBHO
AEItCTBHE
ATOMHa 60M(Da. IIO? BbHmeH BHA, pa3MepH H
Terno aTOMHaTa 6oM6a He ce pa3JIriTiaBa OT 06HKHO-
BeHa aBHa1Honxa 6om6a.
AToMHHHT 3apRA Trpx6Ba Aa 6rbAe KOHcTpyHpaH
Taica, me B AaAeH MOMeHT B Hero Aa MO)Ke ycneluHO
Aa ce pa3BIie BepHwxa s pe$a peaxr;Hx. KaxTO Belle
ce xa3a, MHHHMaIIHOTO xonHLIecTBO Aenaujo ce Be-
HWeCTBO, B xoeTO Mo)Ke Aa npoTetIe BepH)KHa SIApexa
peaK1w51, Ce HapHTda KpHTHTIHa Maca. 3a Aa Mo)Ke
peaKuHSTTa Aa ce pa3BHe'Hanbnxo cHrypxo, o6igaTa
Maca Ha 3aps1Aa Tps16Ba Aa 6-bAe no-rojiama OT xpH-
THLIHaTa. 06age aTOMeH 3apRA, KOY"TTO no KOJIH-
TieCTBO e paBeH HJIH no-rOJ Hlm OT KpHTHTIHaTa Maca,
He e Bb3MO)KHO Aa ce CbxpaHflBa, TO xaTO B Hero
MO)xe Aa Bb3HHKHe Bep13X(Ha HApexa pea}aw5i nog
AeICTBneTO Ha HeyTpOHHTe, KOHTO ce HaMHpaT BbB
B'b3Ayxa, B pe3ynTaT Ha xoeTo we ce 1IpeAH3BHKa
npe>xAeBpeMeHHa eKCIln03H51. 3a Aa Ce 1436erHe
npe lc eBpeMeHHaTa eHCnn03H51, 3apHA'bT Tp516Ba Aa
6bAe pa3AeJIeii Ha H$i}OnKO TiaCTH, Taxa Tle BCHKa
TIaCT Aa 6-bAe no-MaJIKa OT xpHTHTixaTa.
AKO 3apsi)'bT e no-MairbK OT xpHTHXIHHSI, Be-
pHn(Ha peaKIXH51 B Hero e HeB'b3MO)Ke Aa ce pa3BHe BepH>I;Ha RApeHa peaRLIHR. IIpl
TOBa Macaza Ha 3ap iga ce yBe.IHLLaBa MFIoro no-
CHJIHO, OTKOJIKOTO HeroBaza nOBbpXHOCT. LLa ce
BspHeM KIM HpHMepa C K1,J16OTO.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
Axo Ri n6oTo ce pa3AenH HaHOJIOBHHa, TO BCSIHa
HeroBa TiacT IUe Te>KH 5 K2, a HOB1pXHOCTTa fl we
6Tbae 235 cbt2.
CneA CbeAIIIIHMHeTO Ha ABeTe TIaCTH B e,IZHa Ter-
nozO Ha 33pxRa we 6T4Ae 10 K2, a HeroBaTa noBVpx-?
HOOT - 314 cA42. 3HatrH MacaTa Ha 32pxRa ce yBe-
nHTiaBa ABa HTbTH, a nOB-bpXHOCTTa - c2MO c 34?/a.
111oM MacaTa Ha 3apsija_ cTane nO-ronnMa OT KpH-
THTIHaTa, MHrHOBeHO 3aHOTIBa BepI13KIIaTa a)pe-ia
peaxunSI. CxopoCTTa Ha peaHunSITa e TOJIKOBa ro-
nHMa, Lie npO1 eC-bT Ha Z[eneHHeTO CBJ pHIBa caMO 3a
HSIKOJIKO MHnHOHHH TIaCTH OT CeKyHAaTa H HMa xa-
paKTep Ha B3pHB.
BCHTIKH TiaCTH Ha 6oM6aTa ce MOHTHpaT B IIn'bTHa
MaCHBHa O6BHBKa. O6BHBKaTa Ha 6OM6aTa rior rJ wa
paAHoaKTHBHHTe H3nTb1IBaHHH OT ypaHa Him IInyTOHHn.
Pa6OTaTa c aTOMHaTa 6oM6a e 6e3onaCHp nopaAH
TOBa, Lie TA HMa MaCi1BHa o6BHBKa. Ocr>eH TOBa o6-
BHBKaTa yBeiiHTIaBa MOH;HOCTTa Ha B3pHBa, HnH
KaKTO Ce Ka3Ba, KoecpHIjHeHTa Ha 143IOn3yBaHeTO Ha
3apxRa. BepH>HHaTa peaKuHSi He o6xBaiua BCHTIHH
aApa Ha 3apxRa. IIpH AeneHHeTO Aa>xe Ha Manxa
TiaCT OT 3apHAa ce OTAensi orpOMHO xonngeCTBO
eneprnx, p513KO ce nOBHHIaBa TeMnepaTypaTa H Ha-
nSiraHeTO, B pe3ynTaT Ha KOeTO OCTaHanaTa TIaCT OT
3apSIAa ce pa3nHTa, 6e3 Aa BCT'bnH B peaKLHSI, T. e.
He YCHABaI3KH Aa eKCnJIOAHpa. IInMTHaTa MaCHBHa
o6BHBKa go H3BeCTHa CTeneH HaMan5IBa paWIHMIeTO
Ha 3ap3iRa (B HaLIanHHH CTaAIII3 Ha peaxuHSITa) H c
TOBa yBenHTIaBa CTeneHTa Ha HerOBOTO H3HOJI3yBaHe.
B ASicHaTa TIaCT Ha c4HrypaTa e npeACTaBeHa Apyra
cxeMa Ha aTOMHa 6oM6a. T1CJIHHJoTO ce BeHjeCTBO
e pa3AeneHO Ha TpH gaCTH, ABe OT KOHTO, KaKTO H
B HpeAHHSI CJIyliaR, ca nOABH>KHH, a eAHa (B I1eHT'bpa)
e HeHOJBH>KHa. ct opMaTa Ha TiacTHTe e TaKaBa, TIe
CneA 3a,IZeftCTByBaxeT0 Ha B3pHBaBaIIJOTO yCTpO1 CTBO
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
cc o6pa3yBa o6uga maca B'bB BHA Ha xsn6o. Pa3Ae-
n3IHeTO Ha 3apRAa Ha TpH LiaCTH Aana B'L3MO)KHOCT
Aa cc yBeJIHLiH HOnHLieCTBOTO Ha AeJ1HIJ OTO cc Be-
igeCTBO H cneAOBaTenHO Aa cc HOBHIIIH Mon HOCTTa
Ha aTOMHHH B3pHB.
HpneTO e MOI1 HOCTTa Ha aTOMHaTa 60M6a Aa cc
H3pa3RBa B TpOTHJIOB exBHBaJIeHr, KOATO Cc SIBRBa
H xaTO XapaxTepHCTHKa Ha xaiiH6bpa Ha 6oM6aTa.
TPOTHJIOBHRT eKBHBaneHT Ha aTOMHaTa 6oM6a e
TernOTO Ha TaR'bB TpOTHJIOB 3apRA, npH eHCHJI03H$I
Ha HOHTO cc OTAen$ CbIIXOTO KOnHLieCTBO eHeprHH,
KOJIHOTO cc OTAeng npH eKCIInO3H3lTa Ha AaAeHa
aTOMHa 60M6a. TporamonHRT exBHBaJIeHT MOHCe Aa
CC H3LIHCJIH, xaTO cc Mae, Lie HpH AeneHHeTO Ha
BCHLIKHTe RApa Ha eAHH xHnorpaM ypan ce OTAena
TOJIKOBa exeprHSI, HOJIKOTO npH B3pHBBBaxe Ha
20 000 M TpOTHJI. 3acera HMa aTOMHH 60M6H C TpO-
THJIOB eKBHBaneHT OT HRKOJIKO XHnRAH AO HRKOJIKO
CTOTHgH XHJ3 H TOHa.
ATOMHHTe 60M6H, XB'bpJICHH Ha. $1IOHCKHTe rpa-
AOBe XHpOIUHMa H Hara3alH, xa}TO H Ha aTOna
BHKHHH B THXHH oxeaH, ca HMaiiH TpOTHJIOB CHBH-
BaneHT OKOJIO 20 000 m. Ho npeAnOnaraeMH AaHHH,
ny6JIHxyBaHH B LIy)xAHR negaT, 06IIJOTO TerJIO Ha
3apRAa B Te3H 6oM6H e 6Hno oxoJio 50 KZ. KoecbHgHeH-
TST Ha Ilone3HOTO ACACTBHe Ha 3apaaa e 6HJI canto
20/0, xaTO 49 KZ OT AenRU.;OTO cc BeI;eCTBO ca oCTaxann
HeH3rIOn3yBaHH.
n'bpBaTa OnfTHa 6om6a H 6om6aTa, xBlpJiexa
Bbpxy XHpoHIHma, ca HMaiiH 3apsA OT ypaH 235,
a 6oM6HTe, XB'bpJIeHH B-bpxy Hara3aHH H BHxHHH -
OT nnyTOHHii.
BOM6HTe THn 1945 roAHHa ca HMaRH 0614 Term
OT 4 go 10 m. Te3H 6oM Ti ca 61InH npeHaCRHH C Te)KKH
60M6ap,aHpoBatin. Cera B 3aHaAHHTe CTpaHH HMa
CTpeMe)K Aa cc iiaMaJIH Tei JIOTO Ha aTOMHHTe 6oM6H go
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
H:IKOJIKOCTOTHH KI iorpaMa H Te E(a cc HpelaCSIT CSC
caMOneTH H3Tpe6nTenn. O6aLIe Aa cc HaMaJIH TCrJIOTO
Ha aTOMHHTe 6oM6H e CJIO)KHa 3agaLIa. 3HaLIHTerIHOTo
HaMaJIABaHe TerJIOTO !!a 6oM6HTe BOAR 90 Hama.TMBaHe
CHnaTa Ha B3pHBa. 3 Te)KKHTe 6OM6H C MaCHBHa
C 6BnBHa 3apHJI'ET ce n3nOJI3yBa II0-IrbJIHO.
KaIBO npe,l,CTaBJISIBaT pyre BHAOBe aTOMHII
op-b). ROeTO e TOJIxOBa HO-rOJ 5JMO, KOJIKH Ha, 6poSI Ha HeyTpOHHTe H Ha ImJIHOTO ec eH-
THBHO ceLIeHHe.
3a aJIyMHHH5I 4J=27, a 1 Chia TeH H 2,7 z. CAeAo-
BaTeJIHO 6poHT Ha H paTa B 1 cats e pa;acH ;
N _ 27 .6,02. 1024 =6,02, 10", .
3a HeyTpoHHTe c eHeprust I Mee c=2,5.10~Z4'c.u'.
Torasa 6posrr Ha yuapHTe e paseH Ha 6,02.109a.
,1Q00.2,5,10r8'@-150, Ocuxarurre 850 Heyrpooa u;e
119.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
npeMHHaT npe3 AaJeHHg aJIymHHHeB xubc, 6e3 Aa
BCTh rIHT B 73B B3aHMoge1'3CTBHe c Hero.
AKO ce H3LIHCJIH apa3c 3a 673p3HTe HeyTpOHH, xaTO
Ce H3TIOJI3yBa CbOTHOHIeHHeTO a pa3c = 6 n'bn 3an3
me ce oxaxte, tie
a pa3c > 6 San
C ToBa ce IIOTBbpxrgaBa, tie npH 6'bp3HTe HeyTpoHH
npeo6JlagaBaII(H31T BHJ4 B3aHMOgettcTBHe C Benle-
CTBOTO a pa3CeI3BaHeTO. 3aJIaBSIHeTO Ha 6T,p3H He-
yTpoHH cTaBa MHoro paixo. BepOHTHOCTTa Aa 6sgaT
3anoBeHH 6aBHH xeyTpoHH e 500=1000 nmTH rio-rd-
JTxMa, OTHOJI9OTo npH 6bp3HTe, o6atie B TaxsB cJry-
uarI pa3ceIiBaxeTo Hrpae rOJTSIMa poJITT, HaTO B MHOro
eneMeHTH TO npeo6JIagaBa Haq 3anaB3IHeTO, maxap H
B no-Mania cTeneH, OTHOJIxoTO npH B3aHMOJZeH-
CTBHeTO C 6Tip3H HeyTpoHH.
Aa peTUHM npeAHHSI npxmep 3a no-gacTHH cnyxiaH,
a HMeaxo: Aa HaMepHM 6pO$I Ha axTOBeTe Ha pa3-
ceT BaHe H 3anaBSIHe 3a TOnJIHHHH H 6'bp3H HeyTpOHH.
1. B3aHMoJIeftCTBHe Ha TOnJIHHHH HeyTpoHH c
aJIYMHHHeBH sigpa
N.6,02.1022; 17=1000 ue Tpoiia ;
a3an=0,21 . 10-24 CM2; apa3c=1,4. 10-24 CM2.
Bp03IT Ha 3aJIOBeHHTe HeyTpoHH e 6,02.1022.
1000 21 . 10-24 =12.
BPOSIT Ha pa3ce3jHHTe HeyTpoHH e 6,Q2.1022,
1000. 1,4. 10-24 = 84.
2. B3aHMoJ1;eI3cTBHe Ha 61p3H HeyTpOHfI (c eHep-
rHx 1 Mee) c' aJIyMHHHeBH szApa.
N-6,02. 1042; II=1000 HeYTpoxa ,
Q3ah-Q,00037. 10-24. CU;; 10-24 CM*..
t20
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
T-A KaTO npH aJIyMHHHH e()eiTHBHOTO cegeme Ha
3anaBHHe e Mxoro maJIKO B cpaBHeHHe C n?bJIHOTO
e4 eKTHBHO cexieHHe, Mo3Ke ga ce npHeme, LIe a pe3e =
=a a? B TaIcbB C]1y'laft 6pOHT Ha pa3ce3lHHTe HeyTpO-
HH a 6;02.1022.1000. 2,5.10-24=150.
. Bposrr Ha 3anoBeHHTe HeyTpOH l e 6,02.1022.1000.
.0,37.10-27=0,024.
OnHTHTe noxa3BaT,, XIe npH HSIKOH Han?bnxo onpe
AeneHH eneprHH Ha HeyTpOHHTe HApeHHTe peaxi
npOTHxraT Haft-ycnerfHOO. ToBa ABJIeHHe, HapwIano
pe3oHaRCHO norJlhigaHe, e oco6exo 3a6eJle)KHMo
npH ARpCHH peaxl.DHH c 6aBHH HeyTpOHH.
7000
4000
2000
0.1000
100
$v
ov f0
xy
f
0,001 0.01 of f f0 100
EHepauf Ha Neympomume (6 e6)
7 uz.' 36. 3aaxcHMOCT Ha ecpeRTHSaoro cevenHe
Ha KagMHH OT eHeprH5ITa Ha HeyTpOHHTe
Ha 4)Hr. 36 e noxa3aHa 3aBHCHMOCTTa Ha n?bJIHOTO
e4)elT}BHO ceueHHe Ha xagmHA OT exeprHHTa Ha
HeyTpOHHTe, IIpH exeprHA 0,13 e6 ce noABHBa pe30-
HaHCeH BIThX, Ha KOf3TO C'bOTBeTCTByBa a 7200.
.10'24 C.K2, C7iejj KoeTO Harlpe'4HOTO CeiieHHe OTHOBO
HaMaa Ba' 'I3 3a TOrI mfHHI3Te HeyTpOHH e paBHO Ha
2440,10-44 c,us.
121
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
OcJIa6BaHeTO Ha HeyTpOHHHSI ITOTOK HpH npeMH-
HaBaHe Hpe3 HHKaKBa cpega 3aBHCH OT eHeprHHTa Ha
HeyTpoHHTe H OT XHMHTIeCKHSI CbCTaB Ha cpej;aTa.
B'bp3HTe HeyTpOHH, KaKTo e H3BeCTHO, cc HOrJn,n aT
IIOLITH OT BCHLIKH BelljeCTBa MHOTO cna6o, 3aTOBa
OTHaTTa-K> TpH16Ba ga cc HaMaJIH CKOpOCTTa in THXHOTO
ABH>KeHHe, a caejj TOBa ,Lja cc B3eMaT mepHH, KOHTO
ga oCHrypsiT HT,JIHOTO HM HOrjmIr aHe.
,U06-bp 3a6aBHTe.I Ha HeYTpOHH e Bogaza. 3a6aBe-
HHTe HeyTpOHH. ycHeLIIHO cc 3aJIaBSIT OT BO90pOjIHHTe
agpa, o6atie HpH TOBa cc H3nycHaT raMa-Jrh'rH C ro-
JISIma eHeprna, 3a tIHeTO OCJIa6BaHe BOjjHHSIT rrJIaCT
Tps16Ba ga 6i , e AocTaT-bgHo rojJHM. AKo HIM BogaTa
cc jzo6aBH maJlxo 6op, HarrpHMep B bB BHA Ha 6opxa.
KHceJIHHa, 6aBHHTe HeyTpOrIH cc HorS1lbu;aT rnaBHO
OT 6opa.
3a rlpejzna3Barle OT HeyTpoHHTe m raMa-JrbTTITTe
HPH 5J peHHTe peaHTOpH Cc H3r1OJI3yBa Hpe,IjHMHO
6eTOHbT. BeTOH'bT cc C bCTO`H OT BO OpOJ H gpyrH
cpaBHHTeJIHO JIeKH CJIeMeHTH (KHCJIOpo , aJIymHHHI3,
CHJIHqHA, KaJIIuHI3). IIpH rlpeMHHaBaHe Ha HeyTpoHHTe
Hpe3 6eTOHa Te cc 3a6aBAT H rIorJIhn aT. BeH;eCTBaTa,
BJIH3a1914 B CbCTaBa Ha 6eTOH2, ocJIa6BaT raMa-H3-
J bT-IBaHeTO.
SIIOJIornmeH peHTreH-eKBHBaJIeHT. 3'a j;a cc
OqeHH geI1CTBHeTO in HeyTpoHHTe B'bpXy >KMBHTe
opraHH3MH, H3HOJI3yBa cc HOHHTHeTO ,,6HOJIorHgeH
peHTreH-CXBHBaJIeHT" (6pe); 16pe -- TOBa e' TaWbB
HeyTpOHeH HOTOK, TTITCTO 6HOJIOrHTTHO ger3CTBHe e
eHBI3BaJIeHTHO Ha jjerTCTBHeTO Ha CJ HH peHTreH raMa-
H3JrbTTBaHe. fjOHH3a9HHTa B13HHKBa OT OTCKaTTau;HTe
Sljxpa, xaKTO H. OT LIaCTHI[HTe H raMa-KBaHTHTC, HOHTO
ce OT;IeJIFIT rlpH 3ajIaBHHeTO Ha HeyTpoHHTe.
3a A a ce c7,3Ra.tte 703a, paBHa Ha 0,1 6pe, Heo6xo-
dIHMO e o6JI7,XIBaxe L npogbim nHe Ha 24 naca c
nOTOK OT 67,p3JI xeyTpO (c exeprwi 2 Mee), paam
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
xeoxa ae
CMCeK vrpoxa
Ha 66 - ,yrp , a C TOIIJIHHHH - 1500 ent=cex
AKO TaKOBa KOJIHgeCTBO HeyTpoHH npeMHHaBa Bc ixa
ceKyH,i;a npe3 BCeKH KBagpaTeH CaHTHMeT'bp OT
TSIJIOTO B npo bJIxcCHHe Ha 24 Baca, opraHH3WbT We
noJlygH 903a, paBHa Ha 0,1 6pe. He e TpyJ;HO J1a cc
onpegeim CyMapHHHT HeyTpoHex IOTOK 17, eKBHBa-
JICHTeH Ha 0,1 6pe. 3a 6 bp3H HeyTpoHH
ll6bp= 66. 3600. 24 = 5 700 000 Heyrpoxa
CM
3a 6aBHHTe HeyTpoHH ll6aB= 1500. 3600. 24=
=1 30 000 000 HeyTpoxa
CM2
B MOMeHTa Ha B3pHBaBaHe Ha aTOMHaTa 6oM6a_ce
OTgeJIAT H 6'bp3H, H 6aBHH HeyTpoHH, o6atie riopaJ;H
3a6aBSIHeTO KTBM 3eM3ITa AOCTHraT 3Ha'IITeJIHO nO-
Bege 6aBHH HeyTpoHH, OTKOJIKOTO 6'bp3H. C OTia-
JIegaBaHeTO OT MSICTOTO Ha B3pHBa HCyTPOHHHHT nOTOK
6-bp3o HaMaJUIBa. HanplMep npH yBCJ1HtiaBaHe pa3-
cTOsHHeTO OT 1000 Ha 1250 M xonHgeCTBOTO Ha He-
yTpOHHTe, nagangH Ha egHHHixa IInon1, cc HaMaJi5IBa
nOgTH 10 ri'bTH.
Hopa3HBaiijoTo Jje1ICTBHe cc npe9143BHKBa rnaBHO
b T HeyTpoHHTe c eneprnx Hag 0,2-0,3 Mee. J1e I-
CTBHeTO Ha 6aBHHTe HeyTpoHH cc npoaBSisa rnaBHO
B o6pa3yBaHe Ha H3KycTBeHH pagHoaxTHBHH BeiueCTBa.
06H;aTa Jxo3a Ha npoHKKBaigaTa pa. liaixm cc onpe-
JZensi KaTO cyMa OT JZo3aTa raMa-H3Jrbgsane, H3pa3eHa
B peHTreHH, H 903aTa HeyTpoHH, onpegenexa B
6xonorHTieH peHTreH-eK$HBaneHT. ,11,03m, H09TO
Cbb3J;aBaT HCyTpOHHTe Ha eJ1HH H CT~LI1H pa3CToFw u1
I IT. xC e H 0. ,3aigmTa OT pagKoaxTHHHbIX 3JIeMCHTOS."
IlepeaoA C 4)paHAy3cKoro, 143A4TC;J CTio HKOCTpaHHo$t JHTepa?
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
OT LjeHT-bpa Ha aTOMHnH B3pHB, e 3HaLIHTeJIHO rIO-
MaJIKa OT 903aTa raMa-H3JI-btIBaHe. 3aTOBa 3aIIjHTHH31T
nJiaCT 3a npOHHKBanjaTa paAHaiLHH MOxce Aa ce, H3-
xmci H caMO 3a raMa-H3JrbgBaHeTO.
3. 3AIIIHTA OT IIPOHHKBAII;ATA PARHAIUHSI
BcneACTBHe Ha roJTHmaTa nponnxsauja crioco6-
HOCT Ha rama-JrbtrHTe H HeyTpOHHTe O613KHOBeHIiTe
Apexes H HHAHBHAyaJIIIHTe cpeaCTBa 3a HpOTHBO-
XHMW-IeCKa 3au;HTa He MoraT Aa npeuna3xT ilosexa OT
TeXHOTO BT 3AEIdCTBHe.
3a 3aIIIHTa OT npOHHKBaujaTa pauHai1H31 TpH6Ba Aa
Ce H3nOJ13yBaT eCTeCTBeHH YKpHTHH - r'I,HKHTe Ha
McCTHOCTTa H McCTHHTe npeAMeTH, - I H3KyCTBeHH
CTbOp'b)KeHHH - pa3JIHLIHH 4)opTH(THKaI;HOHHH yKpH-
THH, BKJIIOXIHTeJIHO H Ha1i-npOCTHTe, KaTO OKOnH H
nIgejrH
(DOpTH(pHKa]jHOHHHTe CbopwxeHHSI npeJna3BaT He
caMO OT npOHHKBaujaTa paAHaijHH, HO H OT yAapHaTa
BT.JIHa, CBCTJIHHHOTO H3JMgBaHe 13 pauHoaHTHBHOTo
3apa3HBaHe. rIJIOIgTa, Ha KOHTO MoraT Aa 6-bAaT
nopa3eHH XOpa, HaMHpau H Ce B'hB 4)OpTH(4HKaI;HOHHH
chop xeHHH, e 4-9 I ThTH no-Mania OT nJIOnjTa, Ha
KOHTO ca Bb3MO)KHH nopa)KeHHH B-bpxy xopa, Ha-
MHpanjH ce H3B'bH 4)OpTH(rnxaLjHOHHH cboplxce-
HHH. Te3H cbop-b)KeHHH MoraT AOpH Han'bnHo Aa
H3KJTIO4aT BB3AeHCTBHeTO Ha nopa3HBaujlTe 4)aRTOpH
H aTOMHHH B3pHB BLPXY JIHTIHHH CbcTaB, TeXHHHaTa
H BbOp-b)KenneTO.
Ha (4Hr. 37 e noxa3aHO XaK ce H3MeHSI 6e3onac-
HOTO pa3CTO3iHHe OT M31CTOTO Ha aTOMHHH B3pHB npH
H3fOJI3yBaHe Ha pa3JIHLIHH 3aIgHTHH cbopT)-I,
/77fR3RI
-
~Inm,~ d5 m8eperr 6.iuHdax ~'_
r
/lokpumu. mpaNU.eR Ckpu'Saiuuje "' - "
(Put. 37. BC30naCHH pa3CTOHHHH OT MHCTOTO Ha aTOMHHH
B3pHB IIpn pa3JIHLIHH cTeneHH Ha 3annHTa
nbJleH npo4HJI-TOBa pa3czosiHHe e OKOnO 2/3R, a
3a TpaHulesL, KO$ TO a nOKpI3Ta c np'bCT - I/gR.
IIpH H3nOJ13ysaHe Ha IIOA(5pyCTBepHH 6JIHHAa)KH
6e3onacHOTO pa3CTO5IHHe Ce HaMaJIABa 3 n'bTH. XO-
paTa, KOHTO Ce HaMHpaT B cneljHaJIHO o63aBeAeHH
CKpHBa.IHiija, pa31OJIO)KeHH awe B enRIjeHTbpa Ha
Bb39ynniMH aTOMeH B3pHB, He noHacHT HHKaICBH
nopa KeHHSI.
OcnosHH c',Op6)KeHH3I B cHCTeMaTa Ha HHHCeHep-
MOTO o6opyABaHe Ha MCCTHOCTTa ca TpaHIneHTe H
XOAOBeTe 3a cT o6IIjeHHe. 4OBeK, KOXtTO e 7lerHaJI Ha
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
JjT,HOTO Ha TpanIUCKTa, H3nrTBa no-cna6o ygapxaTa
B'bJIHa H npaRTHtiecxH e Han'bJIHO 3aHnHTeH OT cBeT-
nHHHOTO H3n'LtIBaHe. T~eACTBHeTO Ha ,npOHHKBanjaTa
pa,T;HaI1HH 3HatIHTenHO ocna6Ba, TbR KaTO raMa-n'b-
tIHTe H HeyTpOHHTe ce 3aJj'bp>KaT OT np'bC1Ta. Ha OT-
9Ce IHH ytXaCTmIrH TpaHIIIeHTe H X090BCTC 3a CbO6njeHHe
Ce nOKpHBaT C TanmH H Hp'bCT, Taxa tie o6u aTa Jje-
6en11Ha Ha noxpxBa ga He 6r, e no-Mania OT 50 cast.
B Tax-bB Cnytlat HaHSJIHO CC H3Knx)tiBa BTb3J[e1i-
CTBHeTO Ha CBeTJIHHHOTO H3n-btJBaHe, a npOHHKBa-
IIjaTa pa) Ha11Hx ocna6Ba OT nOxpHBa oKO.no 10 n'bTH.
3a ga ce HaManH pa3pynlHTenHOTO JjCrICTBHe Ha
y,IjapnaTa B1 Ha, noxpHBHTe Ha ytiaCTbIlHTe He
Tp516Ba ga ce H3AHraT saJj 6pycTBepHTe Ha TpaHIIIeHTa.
3a ga ce npeIna331T OT cpyTBaHe, CTeHHTe Ha TpaH-
HIeHTe (B cna6x nOt1BH), a cbujo H iia HOXPHTnTe
yiaCT'bHH ce yxpenABaT C B bpJIIHH, c nneT OT B'bp-
InHHH3 C pOrO3KH OT Tp'bcTHxa H np.
3a yxpnBaHe Ha nHt.IHHSI CTTCTaB B TpaIi-
IIIeHTe H XOJjOBeTe 3a cbo6HgeHHe ce npaBFIT IIOJj-
6pycTBepnH 6nnnRasxn CbC 39paBH cTexn H noxpin,
9e6en He nO-Manxo OT C HH McT'bp, c KOeTO ce OCH-
rypSlBa ocna6Bane Ha HpOHHKBaIIjaTa paJjna1 nsI OKOJIO
100 IIT,TH. rlpn n3pa6oTBaxe Ha 6JIHHJja>KHTe e
Heo6xogHMo ga ce o6piHja oco6eHO BHHM3Hne Ha
BXOJjOBeTe - BpaTHTe Tpj16Ba ga 6-bJjaT JiOCTaT-b-
taHO 39paBH, - 3a ga lie ce pa3pymaT OT yAapnaTa
Bbnna.
HaH-cHrypHHTe yxpHTH31 3a JIHtIHH$ CbCTaB ca
CxpHBannnjaTa, HOHTO npeJjna3BaT OT BCHtIxH nopa-
3SIBan H 4JaKTOpH Ha aTOMHHST B3pHB.
H3pa6oTBaT ce H3HOHHH B HO93eMHH CKpHBanHHja.
rlpH H3rpa>KJjaHQTO Ha H3HOHHH cxpHBanHn;a OTHa-
tiano ce npaBH H31COn (xma). Ha Jj'bHOTO Ha T03H
H3KOn ce n3rpa>KJja nOCTpOItKaTa, cneJj xoeTO ce
npaBH nOKpHB (3a1IjnTeH Hacnn). Te3H CKpHBanHHja
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
ce pa3jjeJItIT Ha cxpnBainuga OT Jlel( H Te)x'bx TIM,
pa3JIHtIaBaugH ce noMen< y cH rJIaBxo no KoHCTpy-
KIjHHTa H 39paBHHaTa Ha noKpHBa.
CKpHBann3ujaTa OT JIeK Tim Tp$IOBa jja HMaT 33njH-
TeH 3eMeH IIJIaCT, jje6eJI He nO-MaJIKO OT 1,5 M,
HOATO ocJIa6Ba npOHHKBaujaTa pa,IjnauHSI nOBege OT
1000 n'bTH. ?B CKpHBaJIHa aTa OT Te)K'bK THn nOKpH-
B'bT o6HKHOBeHO ce cicroH OT HSIKOJIKO 17JiaCTa;:
OTTOpe 3eMeH nJIacT (3eMCH HacHn), iIo)j Hero
nJIaCT OT KaM'bHH, rpeAH, 6eTOHHH nim xtene3o-
6eTOHHH r JIC', H HJIH MOHOJIHTeH )xeJle306eTOHCH
niiaCT (TB'bpjj niiaCT), nojj Hero naK 3eMeH niiaCT
(pa3npe,I;eJIHTeJIeH 'nJI2CT) H HaKpas Hoceuj nJi2CT
OT rpejlH HJIH peJICH.
XopaTa, KOHTO -Ce HaMHpaT B CKpHBaJIHUjaTa, He
HOHaCSIT HHKaKBH nOpa)xeHHSi, jjopH H KOraTO CKpn-
MimijaTa ce HaMnpaT B enHijeHT'bpa Ha B'b3jjy-
HIHHH aTOMeH B3pHB. HOKpHB'bT Ha TaKHBa cKpHBa-
JIHIgao TpR6Ba jja H39'bpxca JjHHaMHL1Hn HaTo$ap-
BaHHSI CKOJIO HHKOJIKO TOHa Ha KBajjpaTCH McT'bp.
ToraBa npoHHxBaujaTa paj;Haijnx oc ia6Ba AeceTKH
xaJasjjH n'bTH,
npH H3rpa)tcgane Ha noj[3CMHH CKpHBaJIHnja'IusIJiaTa
noCTpoI3xa ce npaBH nojj 3eM3ITa, (5e3 ga ce H3KOna-
BaT CTORIgHTe n0-rope .3eMHH nJIaCTOBe. n093eM-
HHTe CKpHBanHUja, nOCTpoeHH Ha jjocTaT'btina jj'bJi6o-
LIHxa, ca cHrypna 3au nra OT B-b3jjynnHHSi B3pHB
Ha aTo na 60M6a.
B Kopa6HTe 3a 3aUjHTHH CpejI,CTBa OT aTOMHHH
B3pHB ce H3nOJI3yBaT BbTpeIIIHHTe noMeujeHHH,
apTHJIepHtCI(HTe KyJIH,, njHTOBeTe, pa3JIHLiHHTe Hag-
CTpOt1KH H np.
B HaCeJleHYiTe nyHKTOBe 3a njHTHH C'bOp b)KeHHH CA :
- CKpHBain3IIja, HanpaBeHH B H36HTe Ha crpajjHTe;
- cneIjHaJIHO nOCTpOeHH cxpHBaiiHUja;
- yH HTHH OT Haft-npOCT THn (WLIejIH, 3eMJI$iHKH).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
3algHTHOTO 9e1 cTBHe Ha C'bop r eHH5ITa nponnt;a
B XnpOmHMa. XopaTa, KOIITO B MOMeHTa Ha B3pHBa
ca ce HaMHpanH B eAHO 39paBO ueTHpHeTa>HHo
3Kene3o6eTOHHO 39aHne, pa3II0JIO>xeHo Ha p23CTOH-
Hne OKOJIO 220 At OT enHgeHT'bpa Ha B3pHBa, HOJIYLIHJIH
n'bpBOHa*;anHO CaMO neKH HapaHSIBaHHH. O6atie
0HU51 OT TSIX, KOHTO ce HaMHpaJIH Ha ropHHTC eTa)KH,
HOnytlnnn rOneMI nopa>KeHHH OT npOHHKBalgaTa
pagHa1 J. XopaTa, HOHTO ca 614nH Ha rI'bPBHH eTa)R
Ha 3gaHHeTO, HOny*-IHJIH HaI3-ManKH nopaHCeHHH
OT npoHHKBan(aTa pagHaLHH, T'bI3 Kato 6HnH 3aIgH-
TeHH OT TPHTe ropHH eTa3Ka.
H36L.ITe H CRPHBaJIHlgaTa B 30HaTa, B KOHTO yJlap-
HaTa BbJIHa He rH pa3pylIlaBa, HarMJIHO npegna3BaT
OT npOHHKBalgaTa pagmij H.
,IUe13CTBHeTO Ha npoHHKBaigaTa pagnagHH, yJ;ap-
HaTa BBJIHa H CBeTJIHHHOTO H3n'b1IBaHe 3Hat.IHTeJ1HO
ocna6Ba, KoraTO 3a yKPHTHH ce H3nOJ13YBaT KaHa-
BKH, HacHnH, CTp'bMI n OBpa3H, HMn OT apTHnepHll-
CKn CHapHAH H aBHal4HOHHH 6oM6H (4)Hr. 38).
KoraTO Ha6nn30 HHMa HHKaKBH YHpHTHH, Tp316Ba
g a ce nerHe Ha 3eMHTa c range Haijojiy ((JHr. 39).
HO T03H HatmmH ce HaMaJI5Ba B'b3geACTBHeTO Ha
ygapHaTa B'bnHa H XopaTa ce npeJjna3BaT OT H3ra-
pHHHH. B 3L axng xopaTa TpH6Ba g a nerxaT J{O cTe-
HaTa, 3a Jja H36HrHaT nopaH(eHHHTa OT CT'bKneHH
rlaptleTa ((Hr. 40).
'HpoHHKBanzaTa pagHaLHH JzeKCTByBa C'bBCeM KpaT-
KOBpeMeHHo (10-15 ceK.). BvnpeRH TOBa npH 6'bp30
3aemaxe Ha 6n13XO yxpFTHe, Jjo3aTa Ha pa,I(HaunHZa
ce HaManiBa Hari-Ma3Ko ABa UTTH. npH TOBa ce
H36HrBaT rIOpa>KeHHHTa OT yuapHaTa BBJIHa,'T11
KaTO Ta3n B bJIHa ce pa311POCTpaH5IBa 3HatIHTeJIHO
n0-6aBHO, OTKOJIKOTO npOHHKBaLgaTa pagnagHH n
CBeTJIHHHOTO H3n'btlBaHe. YgapHaTa B'bnHa H3MHHaBa
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246A038500160001-7
?W. 38. MjWXCCHBC Ka '1OBCK B ICatiaBica 8 B HMa
npx aTOMCE B3P `
9 A1~CBITC f87t19a$EE npS aTOMB*R Bapwn
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
\PMER
-~ n __,aecr
s f a 1 ~... ohs -~?j
^ui 1=~?=III-~. .~===11'
\AN
ouz. 39. IIonoaceaae Ha eoaex as oTxpHTa McCTHOCT H Ha nany6aTa na xopa6 npH
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
Oue. 40. nonoHCeHMe Ha eOB K B noMexUem!e
npH aToMeH B3pHB
paacToHme 1 KM 3a 2 cex., a paacroxxxe 2 xM -
3a 5 ceic.
C yBeJmIgaBaHe' xanH6-bpa Ha aTOMHaTa 60M6a
pa3CTOSHHeTO Ha nOpa3sIBaII;OTO ge icTBHe Ha npOHH-
KBanjaTa pagHaix i ce yBeJIHtIaBa, HO He3Ha'H3TenHO.
HanpHMep npH yBe'1HtlaBaxe MOu HOCTTa Ha B3pHBa
2 n-bTH pa3cToEHHeTO, Ha KoeTO ce nopa3HBaT xopaTa,
HaMHpau i ce Ha ozxpHTaTa MecTHocT, ce yseJm aBa
3a raMa-H3J1 BaHeTO OKOnO 150-170 M.
flop ge1cTBHeTo. Ha roneMH 9O3H npoHHKBaMa
pa,RHar isi (xHna H H jjeceTICH xIu1s gH peRTrexa)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
CT'bxnaTa Ha OrITWIecRHTe npI36opH (MeprniW , 6HHO-
KJIH, AaJlexomepl, naxopamH H np.) nOThMHHBaT.
OHTHLIeCKHTe npH6opH Tp516Ba Ija ce na33IT He canto
OT MCX2HHLIHH rIOBpeRH OT ygapHaTa B'bJIHa, HO H OT
ACRCTBHeTO Ha rIpOHHKBaIqaTa paAKagHH. IIpoHH-
KBaugaTa paAHa)HH AeIICTByBa B'bpxy c)oTorpac--
HHTe HJlaRH Ha ronemH pa3CTO51HH3I, TIJk KaTO 3a
OCBeTHBaHe Ha HSIKOH BH91ZOBe HJIaKH ca AOCTaTb'IHH
2 - 3 peHTreHa pa.I3aL HH. npOHHKBaigaTa paj(Ha-
I;HH Ha aTOMHHSL B3pHB He OKa3Ba BpeAHo J ef3cTBHe
Ha 6GI3HaTa TeXHHKa.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
IV. PAAHOAKTHIHO 3APA3SIBAHE
HA MECTHOCTTA IIPH ATOMEH B3PHB
1. H3TOLIHHIWH HA H3JrbgIBAHE B PAAKO-
AKTHBHO 3APA3EHA MECTHOCT
IIpO ylcTH or AeneHHeTO Ha J1ApeHHH eKcnno-
3HB (AApeHoTO B3PXBHO BeujecTBO). IIpoRyxTHTe
OT geneHHeTO (?HapLIeTaTa" OT AeneHHeTO) HpeRcTa-
BnHBaT CMec OT rOJIfiMO KOJIHLIeCTBO H3OTOnH Ha
34 eneMeHTa, 3alIOLIBafKH OT IAHHKa x cB'bpIIIBaI33gyxa g'bJlro BpeMe. Pa36Hpa Ce, B xpasi
Ha KpaHigaTa IIO'ITH BCHtIKH paJHoaKTHBHH tiacTH1;H
nagaT Ha 3eMATa, HO ce pa3npbcxBaT Ha MHOrO
roJIAMa nJIOH;. OCBeH TOBa npe3 BpeMeTO Ha T31XHOTO
nagaHe aKTHBHOCTTa mm CHJIHO HaMaJIHBa.
CKopocTTa Ha HagaxeTO Ha npamHHKHTe 3aBHCH
OT TAXHOTO Teruo. AKO ce npHeMe nJrbTHOCTTa HM
npH6JIH3HTeJIHO egHaxBa, Ter.IOTO, a cjIegoBaTeJIHO
H CKOpOCTTa Ha nagaHeTO HM ce onpegeJrAT OT TexHHTe
pa3MepH. KOJIKOTO no-egpH ca npaiJHHKHTe, TOJI-
KOBa no-6 bp30 Te nagaT Ha 3eMATa (Ta6JI. 11).
gIaCTHIQHTe c gHaMeTbp 0,005 - 0,010 MM ce
HapHtlaT CpegHH IlpaInHHKH. TonieMH IIpaUIHHKH ca
TC3H gaCTHAH, HOHTO HMaT gHaMeTTip 0,010-0,050 MM.
TIo-egpHTe tiacTHiXH ce Hap i aT n e C b tI H H K H:
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
c AHatemp 0,05 - 0,25 um - cHTHH necbtIHHnII,
a c AHaMemp 0,25 - 1,0 AU = cpeAHH necb'IHHxU.
Ta6nnz;a 11
BpeM. as noAame sa npanaaaxaTe
ar mxcomm 12 KJ(
Aearera.p as I Bpi 39 napane
MaCT1u ITe (Y MM)
0,84
0,25
0,15
0,075
0,033
0,016
0,008
22 mHH.
42 mHH.
2 uaca
? 7,9 Baca
1,7 ACHa
7 AeHa
28 Aesa
Ha*-eApHTe npaluxsxw, KOHTO B M6013HAHHR
o6nax. ca cpaBHHTe.IHo Manxo (mono 4?/0), naAaT
B npoAwnxceHHe Ha 22 mHH. IIpe3 cneABaMXTe
20 mHH. naAaT oxono 13?/0, , a npe3 BpeMeTO OT
42 MHH. Ao 2 Baca-14,5 0/0 OT paAIIOaKTHBHHTe Be-
o TaKbB HagHH B nTapBHTC ABa LIBCa naAaT
OKOJO 1/g OT paAHOaKTBBHHTe BeuuecTBa, O6pa3y-
Banff ce npa B3pHBa. OCr'aHanaTa 'IaCT ocTaBa B7,B
B53Ayxa no-npoAs7lxcHTemio BpeMe.
2. XAPAKTBPHCTHKA HA H3JI'fiMBAHHHTA
OT PAAHOAKTHBHHTE IIPOI YKTH
HA ATOMHHA B3PHB
PaAHOaxrHBHHTe nelgeCTBa, na,HanH Ha 3eM$ITa
OT aTOMHHH o6naK, a CbllO TaKa H o6pa3yBanHTe ce
Ha MCC1TipcTTa nog Ae1tCTBHeTO Ha HeyTpOHHTe,
10 JFAl>aie H3JTgBsHBH UpH aTOMHHJI BBPHB
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
H3nycxaT and a- H 6eTa-uacTHljH H raMa-JrbrH. Aa
pa3rnegaMe xapaHTepHCTHKHTe Ha Te3H H3JnmIBaHHfi.
AJU4)a-H3jx%mBaHe. Ancpa-uaCTHIjH Ce H31-iycxaT
npH paJHOaKTHBHOTO pa3naAane Ha HeBCrbnxnaTa
B peaKIjHA LIacT OT aTOMBI3SI 3ap3i . 17oHe5Ke anCpa-
tiacTHIjHTe HOCHT eneKTpHtIeCKH TOBap, npH npeMHHa-
BaHeTO HM npe3 BenjeCTBOTO Te B3aHMOJjdkCTByBaT
C eneKTpOHHTe H aTOMHHTe AJjpa fOCpeJLCTBOM ene-
KTpHLIeCKHTe CHJIH Ha npHBnutIaHe H oT6JI%CBane.
OCHOBHHAT pe3yJITaT OT TOBa B3aHMOJjecCTBHe e
iOHH3aI(HATa H B-b36y)K aHeTo Ha aTOMHTe. HHaLIe
Ka3aHO, IIAnaTa eHeprHA Ha an4Ia-LIaCTH1jHTe ce
H3pa3XOJjBa 3a O6pa3yBSHe Ha IIOHH H 3a B'b36yHq aHe
Ha aTOMHTe. B cpaBHeHHe c pyre BHAoBe 113n'bLI-
BaHHA aJHf a- 1aCTHIjHTe HpHTeW BaT Ha t-roimma r3OHH-
3Hpanja CHOCO6HOCT H C"bOTBeTHO Hai-MairbK npo-
6er. HopajuH cna6aTa npoHHKBauja cnocO6HOCT npH
BTLHIIIHO O6n'btIBaHe Te npaKTHUecRH He ca onacHH.
Hpo6erbT BBB B-b3Jjyxa in an4)a-LIaCTH1jHTe, KOHTO
ce H3nycxaT OT nJIyTOHHA (c exeprHA 5,1 Mee),
e 3, 6 cm, a B nO-nnTbTHa cpeJja - HAKOJIICO CTOTHH
LIaCTH OT MHnHMeT'bpa (HanpHMep B aJIYMHHHA e
0,02 mm). B )HHBHTe T-bKaHH a3K4Ia-iiaCTHIjHTe Ha
HnyTOHHA H3MHHaBaT 0,04 AIM. An(pa-tiaCTHunTe
C1,3JjaBaT Hai-ronAMa IIJI'bTHOCT Ha iOHH3aLjwATa
(HanpHMep BI,B Wb3JjyXa - HAKOJIKO JjeCeTKH XHJIAJjH
JjBOiKH iOHH Ha caHTHMeT'bp IrbT). EHeprHA 5,1 Mea
e JjOCTaT'bLIHa, 3a Jja ce C-b3JjaJjaT BbB BL3Jjyxa
OKono 155 000 JjBOIIKH iOHH; CpegHO Ha eJjHH CaH-
THMeT'bp H'LT ce naJjaT 30 000 ZjBOkKH ioHH. Ta3H
nJrbTHa lOH143awjHA e upHLIHHa 3a xHMHUecKHTe npO-
McHH B MHOrO BeujeCTBa H CHJIHOTO nOpa3ABaHe Ha
SKHBHTe T-bKaHH, Tai KaTO 6HonorHLIHOTO Jjei-
CTBHe 3a H3n'btiBaHeTO ce orxpeJjens He TOJIKOBa OT
06ii oTO KonH'-IeCTBO Ha iOHHTe, KOJIKOTO OT 6pOA
Ha iOHHTe, KOHTO ce O6pa3yBaT Ha e1jHHH1ja n'bT.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
KOJIKOTO no-roJiHMa a BSmmoc1Ta Ha JkOidi{3a1WHTa,
Tomcosa no-roneiw ca nopaxceHHxTa BTapay rbHaR?a.
An4 a-mms, IBaHeTo lIpe cTaBJIABa Hal-rOJ Ma ona-
cHocT, KoraTO aJI(ka-aICTHBHHTe Bei ecraa nova iraT
B1,B B'bTpeHIHOCTTa Ha. OpraHH3Ma.
FwTa-,H3JI bvB8SC: BeTa-zlac nn ce H3nycHaT OT
,,napgeTmTa" Ha i[CHMIeTO H OT H3KycTBeHSTe
pagxoaI EHH eneMeImi, o6pa3yBaJnf cc nod Aet-
cTBHeTo H BeyTpo)xTe. Te C7.140 Tana HOCHT eJIe-
KTPIT'IeCKH TOBap, HO TeXHH$1T TOBap e ABa n'bTH
n0 MaJmK oT TOBapa. Ha andm-yacTH mTe. IIpn Hpe-
MRHaBaBe upe3 Bel4eCTBOTO 6eTa-tiacTHgmTe npei -
H3BHKBaT 110HH3aJjHH H B1,36ymc aHe Ha aloJIHTe..
npH eAHa H CTan4a exepria AoHH3Hpan1,aTa CnOCOGHOCT
Ha 6eTa-ifacTHI;HTC a 3Ha'Hlemw no-Manua, oTKOn-
KOTO Ha an( )a-LlacTI1 wre, a npo6erbT B%B Beige-
CTBaTa e c1a0?BeTHo no-ronrJM. beTa-gaCTHI. a c
eReprHg I Mee MOSKe Aa o6pa3yBa BbB B'b3,I;JXa 90
30 000 ,l BOItHH koHH. IIJTBTHOCTTa is I oHH3aiudgTa,
KOHTO CC C'b3AaBa B1aB Bb3aYXa OT 6eTa-tfacTHi(H C
eii.eprifH 0,,5 - 3 Mee, a CpegHO 40 - 50 ROHM
Ha ei;HH caHTBMerbp nET. IaHHH 3a gEsn)KHHaTa ma
npo6era Ha 6eTa-LiacTHI;1Te. C paan i'nia eHepd?HS1
ca ' I;ajieHH. B Ta6n. 12.
Ta6.e.aua 12
g1,111ltaaa as apo6era as 6CTa-vwra1{8Tc Wba B163Iyza
a a GxoneraRaa Thaw:
EHaprxx Ha 6eTa- npo6er B'aB B 3 yxa npo6er x TbxaHHTO
gaCTm xre (B Mss) (B oa) (B .iteJ
0,2
0,2
0,5
1
2
3
11
35
1S0
380
910
1400
0,14
0,45
1,92
4,90
11.60
18,50
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
OT ,napxieTaTa" Ha geJleHHeTO ce H3nycxaT MHOro
Manxo 6eTa-tgacTHux c eHeprHs Hag 2 Mee.
MaKCHMaJIHHHT npo6er Ha TaIHBa 6eTa-tlacTxuH
B'bB B'b3gyxa a oxono 10 M, BSB BogaTa oxono 1 cm,
a B OJIOBOTO - no-Manxo OT 1 MM.
B pe3yJITaT Ha eJIacTHtniH ygapH c enexTpoHHTe H
aTOMHHTe Hgpa 6eTa-LIacTHIIHTe ce pa3ceilBaT B
pa3JIHLIHH nocoKH. BCnegcTBHe Ha MxoroxpaTHOTo
pa3CeI1Bane TpaexzopH$ITa Ha Te3H t;acTHnH BbB
BenjeCTBOTO npegCTaBn5IBa cno>KHa HatlyneHa nHHHH.
Ae6eJmHaTa Ha nnacTa 3a J TbJniOTO norn'bnjaHe
ce onpegenx OT g'bJnKHHaTa Ha npo6era Ha 6eTa-
LIaCTHIjHTC C MaKCHManHa eHeprHx. YCTaHOBeHO e,
qe CHO006HOCTTa Ha BeIueCTBOTO ga norn'bnja 6eTa-
JMXHITe e npaBO nponopr HOHaJIHa Ha HerOBaTa nJIT T-
HOCT H npaKTHtlecKH He 3aBHCH OT aTOMHH$I HOMep
Ha eneMeHTHTe, BJIH3aI1jH B CbCTaBa Ha gageHO
BeIueCTBO. ueCTo n'bTH ) bJ >R HaTa Ha npo6era na
6eTa-tIa0THIjHTe ce H3pa3SIBa He B egHHHlja 3a g bJI-
>KHHa, a B TerJIO Ha cT'bn6TIe, nnOniTa Ha OCHOBaTa
Ha KoeTO e 1 CM2, a BHcogHnaTa my e paBHa Ha gbnB(HH
HaTa Ha npo6era. ilpH TaK'bB HaLIHH 3a H3MepBaHe
9SJDKHHaTa Ha npo6era ce H3pa3BBa B 2/CM2. Yg06-
CTBOTO 3a H3MepBaHe gbn>KHHaTa Ha npo6era B 2/CM2
ce CbCTOH B TOBa, tie g'bDI>KHHaTa Ha npo6era, n3pa-
3eHa B TaKHBa egHHHuH, npaKTHtIeCKH He 3aBHCH
OT BHga Ha BenjeCTBOTO. HanpHMep 6eTa-tIacTHuH
c eHeprHSi 1 Mee B'LB BCHtKH BenjecTBa HMaT npO-
6er, paseH Ha oxono 0,4 2/cM2. 3a ga ce nonyuH
g'bn>KHHaTa Ha npo6era B caHTHmeTpH, TpY1(5Ba gage-
HaTa CTOI3HOCT ga ce pa3genH Ha nn'bTHOCTTa Ha Benje-
CTBOTO. B TaK'bB cnytlatk Ilpo6erbT B aJIyMHHHI nne
6'bge 2 7=0,15 CM, a B'bB Boga - 1,0 4 =0,4 CM.
CTeneHTa Ha norn'bnjaxe Ha 6m-tgacTHuHTe Mo>Ke
npH6nH3HTeJIHO ga ce onpegenH no 4)opMynaTa:
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
h
K=2anon
x%AeTO: h - Ae6enaxa Ha uperpa,ara;
dnon - Ae6enHHa Ha IInacTa 3a 4OJIOBHH
ocna6Baxe;
K - crerreH Ha ocna6Baxe Ha 6eTa-H3-
nvtzsaHexonpxnpeMHHaBaae npe3 AaJeHaTa IxperpaAa.
,lja pa3rneAaMe ezHH npHMep. PaAHOaxTHBHHHT
(poc(pop H3nycxa 6eTa-tzacnHUH c Maz(cuuajlxa eHep-
rxsz 1, 7 Mee. 3a Taxxsa tzacmlwH dnon=O, 075 a/cM'
(Ta6n. i3). TipcH ce KOJIKO IIhTH ocna6Ba 6eTa-
H3nbtIBaHHeTo OT (Doc(4opa B aJIyMHHHeBa IInaCTHHxa,
Ae6ena I mw. BbB (popMynaTa (14) h H dnon Tps16Ba Aa
67,gaT H3pa3eHH B e,gHaRBH eAHHHIw.
0,1.2,7
K__20,076 =12.
T,a6niz a 13
Ae6em~a as anacra sa noaoaas ocna6Baae a sasaca-
MOCT or eaepraara as 6era-4acTagaTe
axeprnn ea 6eTa-vaciuIjnre (e Mee) I 0,5 r,
II=CT sa nonoain; ocna6Baxe
(a a/c&) . .. . . .
0,014 10,036 10,10
XopaTa B 3JjaHHs1Ta ca Han',JIHO 3auxHTeHH OT
AetCTBHeTO Ha 6eTa-H3n7.tIBaHeTO, KOeTO B}3HHKBa
OT paAHOaRTHBHHTe Beugecma, HaMHpau ce H3-
S bH noMenjeHHSITa, JBH)xeHHeTO Ha. aBTOM06HnH HO
McCTHOCT, xos1TO e 3apa3eHa OT 6eTa-aKTHBHH Beule-
CTBa, e npaxTHgecxa 6e30HaCHO, TOHe)xe CTeHHTe Ha
aBTOM06HJmTe nornT,u;aT mgwio 6m-tiaCTHAHTe.
O6ne9noTo CLII4o Taxa norjrigz a ronslMa gaol OT
6eTa-H3]mmBaHeTo. 3aTOBa ' B,HIIIHOTO 06nT6tlBaHe
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
c 6eTa-tiaCTHIuH He npeACTaBJIHTBa cepxo3na onacHOCT,
xaTO ce H3HJ UOLIH nonoganeTO Ha pagHOaxTHBHH
Ben;ecTBa B'bpxy oTxpHTHTe tiaCTH Ha THROW. BeTa-
tiaCTHAHTe npe4cTaBn5IBaT ron5JMa onacnocT, xoraTo
H3nycxanuTe rH paAHOaHTHBHH BeigecTBa riona,HaT
B'bB BmTpemHOCTTa Ha oprarH3Ma. 3aTOBa Tpx6Ba
Aa ce B3eMaT BCHti(H MepxH, 3a Aa He nonaAHaT
paAHoaKTHBHH BeIAecTBa B opra}H3Ma. Haft-cHryp-
MOTO cpeACTBO 3a TOBa e npOTHBora3'bT.
Tanta-xani*lBaxe. B paAHOaHTHBHO 3apa3eHa
MCCTHOCT raMa-143n'bxIBaneT0 B'b3HHKBa npH pa3na-
AaneTO Ha HHxoH ?naptieTa" OT AeneHHeTO H Ha HSIKOH
H3RYCTBeHH paAHoaKTHBHH Ben;ecTBa. CpeAHo ce
H3nycKaT ABa-TpH n'bTH n0-manxo raMa-KBaHTH,
OTKOJIKOTO 6eTa-gaCTHT;H. B AaAeHHHT cnytiak cpe-
AHaTa eHeprHS1 Ha raMa-H3nI 1BaHeTo e OKOJTO 0,7 Mee
H e no-MaiTKa OT eHeprH5ITa Ha raMa-H3n'bLIBa-
HeTO Ha IIpOHHKBan;aTa pawHaw;HHI. IIOHexce KOecbH-
AHeHTT,T Ha OCna6BaHeT0 Ha raMa-H3n'bLIBaHeT0 ce
yBenHLTaBa c HaMaJHIBaHe Ha eneprH3ITa (BM(. Ta6n.
3, 4, 5), eCTeCTBeHO e, tie Ae6ennnaTa Ha 3anAHTHHHI
nnaCT npOTHB raMa-H3JrbxiBaneTO B paAHOaKTHBHO
3apa3eH ytiacT'bK TpH6Ba Aa 6rAe no-Manxa, OTKOJI-
HOTO 3a npeAna3Bane OT npOHHKBaIgaTa paAHaI;HHI.
Mou;eH H3TOtIHHK Ha 6eTa- H raMa-H3n'bxIBaHH3I e
i-b6OBHAHHHIT o6naK, Kot TO cbg~bpxca ron$IMO xoJIH-
tieCTBO paWHOaKTHBHH BelleCTBa. npH npeMHHa-
BaHe Ha CaMOneT npe3 o6naKa B-bpxy exHnaxca my
AeTtCTByBaT paAHOaKTHBHH 143n'b4IBaHHHI. AKo ce
H3KnK)tiH B'b3MOHCHOCTTa 3a nonaAaHe Ha paAHOa-
KTHBHH Beuu;eCTBa B xa6HHaTa Ha caMoneTa, B'b3Aeft-
CTBHeTO BTbpXy exmnaxca ce onpeAe i CaMO OT B'bH-
IIIHOTO o6nrbgBaxe. IIpH TOBa 6eTa-tiaCTHI;HTe nOtiTH
HaIIbnHO Ce 3aAbp}KaT OT CTCHHTe Ha caMoneTa, a
rama-nn,tmTe npeMHHaBaT npe3 THIX notiTH 6e3 ocJIa6-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
Bathe. CnegoBaTe.uio A03aTa Ha pagHaIJHSITa 3aBHCH
OT HHTex3HTeTa Ha raMa-Il3n'bXIBaxeT0 B o6jiaxa.
KaKBa 903a Mox(e Aa no iy'H neTeirbT, npenHTal'ixH
iipe3 o6naxa? 3a Aa ce. peum Ta3H 3a, axia, TpH6Ba
Aa ce 3HaHT pa3MepHTe xa o6naxa H MOIAHOCTTa Ha
Jjo3aTa raMa-H3JmgBaHe B Hero, KaKTO H cxopocTTa
14a caMoneTa. Ha Taft. 14 ca AaAeiiH opHeHTHpOBStIHH
AamHH 3a pa9HoaxTIHBH0CTTa Ha o6naxa npx B3puBa-
BaHe Ha aTOMHa 6oM6a C TpOTHJ1OB eKBHBaneHT
20 000 TOHal H CTOZtHOCTHTe Ha 903aTa, npeCMeTHaTH
3a caMOneT C BC CKOpOCT 900 KM/uac. ,
Ta6mHZxa 14
raMa-aasa4Bane Ha aTOM888 o61iaic
B80o'iH8a Ha
Hag TO H8
.6naxa H
7600
9200
,10700
BpeMe Ha
H3n8r9HCTO
(H MHH.)
3,3
5,0
7,2
AHaMCTbp
Ha O6naxa
(a a)
2750
3200
3700
MO=OCT Na
AO3aTa 8 06na-
Ha (PCHTr. -a
Mac)
24000
11 000
5 60Q
IIpH npeMHHaBawe npe3 IIewTmpa Ha o6naxa Ha
BHCO!(H 7,600 A, T. e. npH6JIH3HTeJIHo 3 MHH. H
nOJ1OBHHa Cue, B3pHBa, neTeUTAT MOH(e Aa nonytiH
903a 73 peHTreHa. B AeACTBHTenHOCT Ta3H 9o3a
we 6-b?e 3HaggxTejnio no-Mauna nopagH nornusup-
HeTO Ha raMa-nbLIHTe OT eneMeHTHTe Ha KOHCTpy-
KIMSITa Ha caMOneTa - pe3epsoapwTe c ropHBO, ABH-
raTenfi H . Ap. roJulMa xoHt eHTpaiui Ha paAHo-
aKTHBHKTe BeigeCTBa HMa CaMO B geHTT,pa Ha o6naxa:
Axo CtaMOneT-bT He npeMHHe npe3 I;eHTT pa Ha o6naia,
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
903aTa Ha paAHaijHnTa n e 6'b,e no-MaJIxa. OLIeBHAHO
e, Lie 3a cmeTxa Ha nocoxieHHTe Cpa}TOpH go3aTa Ha
BCHLIKH BHCOHHHH ce HaMansiBa noHe ABa n'bTH.
npeJIHTaneTO Ha CaMOneT npe3 OCHOBaTa Ha o6-
naxa(npe3 npaIHHH5 cTbn6) e nO-6e3onacxo. ,IH-
ameT'bp-bT Ha cTbn6a e no-Manmx OT ) HaMeT'bpa
Ha o611ai-ca. 3aTOBa BpeMeTO 3a j(eftCTBHeTO Ha H3n'bii-
BaneTO nje 6-bje C'bIIjO Taxa no-Manxo, a ocseH TOBa
H xomijeHTpaljHHTa Ha pagHoaHTBBHHTe BeujecTBa
B npaUIHHSI CT'bn6 e Manxa.
B-b3 OCHOBa Ha AaHHHTe, npHBeReHH B Ta6n. 14,
mowe Aa ce HanpaBH 3axnioiienne, Lie npeJIHTaHeTO
Ha camoJieT npe3 o6J1axa e TOJH(OBa no-6e3onacxo,
xonxOTO noBeiie Bpeme e H3Texno OT B3pHBaBaHeTO
Ha aTOMHaTa 6om6a. Axo 3,3 MHH. cneA B3pHBa
B'b3MOHCHaTa AO3a Ha paj naijHHTa npH Jjajjena cxo-
pOCT Ha caMoneTa e 73 peHTrexa, TO CneA 7,2 MHH.
TSI iije 6,bge 23 peHTreHa.
Pa36Hpa Ce, B-bB BCHHKII cnynan Tpf16Ba Aa ce }IMa
npeABHA, Lie HOJIHOTO no-ronxMa e CKOpOCTTa Ha
camojieTa, TonxoBa no-manxo e BpeMeTO 3a npeJIHTaxe
Ha o6naxa, TOnHOBa no-manKa , nje 6i a 9o3aTa
raMa-H3JI%tiBane.
3.000BEHOCTH HA PAAHOAKTHBHOTO
3APA39BAHE IIPH PA3JIH'IHH BHAOBE
ATOMEH B3PHB
PaAHOaKTHBHO 3apa3HBaHC HPH B163T{yIUeH
aTOMCH B3pHB. npH BTa3AyIIIeH aTOMeH B3pHB
Ha ronHMa BHCOLn3Ha nOBeteTO Ii OAYKTH OT Aene-
HHeTO Ce OTHaCSIT Harope OT 6bp30 H3AHranjifsI ce
o6nac. HpH ABH)KeHHeTO Ha o6Jiaxa Ha 3eM$ITa ce
o6pa3yna cnoeo6pa3Ha pa)HOaxTHBHa ?ciieAa" OT
o6naxa B'bB BHA Ha Hlmpoxa HBHIja, pa3Ter i na no
nocoxa Ha BHTSpa. PaAHoaiTHBHOTO 3apa3HBaxe
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02: CIA-RDP80T00246A038500160001-7
B; pa*ltoHa Ha B3pHBa e xesxammenxo, Tb# KaTo B
T03H paAOH naAaT cbBCeM MaJno npOAyxTH oT Aene-
HHeTo. OcTaxaiaTa uacr ce pa3ce#Ba Bbpxy ronmMa
nnonj no ,caeAaTa" oT o6naxa H He npeACTasnHBa
onacxocT. PaftoHbT Ha B3pHBace 3apa3HBa rnaBHo
OT Bb36yAexaTa paAHOaxmBHocT. O6aue If Bb36yAe-
HaTa paAHOBKTHBHOCT He e MHOTO ronxMa, uoxe*e
KOJIHUeCTBOTO Ha HeyTpOHHTe 6nH30 AO 3eMHaTa
nOBbpXHOCT 6bp30 xaManaBa C yBenxuauaxe Ha
pa3CTOXHHeTO OT ueHTbpa Ha B3pHBa. OCBeH TOBa
o6pa3yBBJHTe ce B HOLIBaTa paAHoaKTHBHH Ben eCTBa
CpaBHHTCJIHO 67.p3o ce pa3naAaT. 3aTOBa 3apa3SlBa-
HeTO e CHJIHO CaMO B n'bpBHTe uSCOBe CneA B3pHBa.
Cne HAKOAKO MIIHyTH paAHOaKTBBHHTe H3JIThLIBa-
HHH He npeACTaBnsiBaT ' OnaCHOCT H 3apa3eHHAT
yuacm MoHce Aa ce npeMxxe, a . cneA HAKOJIKO uaca
B Hero MOSKe Aa ce pa6oTx. -
IIpH aTo HaTa 6oM6apAHpoBKa B SInOHHx pajHo-
axTHBHoTO 3apa3ABaHe Ha. McCTHOCTTa ii Ha rpaA-
cxwre o6exTH e 6HJIO MHOrO CJIa6o. CblluO Taxa H npH
BB3AyIIIHHH aTOMeH B3PHB B SHKHHH npe3 n3ITOTO Ha
1946 rowHHa 3apa33lBaHeTO Ha Kopa6HTe c paAHoa
KTHBHH BeujeCTBa e HHMaJIO oCO6eHO 3HaueHHe.
PaAaoaKTHBHO 3apaaaua8e apH 3eMeH aTOMen
B3pHa. IIpH B'b39yWIIeH B3pHB Ha MaJIKa BHCOUHHa
paAHOaITHBHOTO 3apa3ABaHe e . nO-CHJIHO. B TBKbB
c.ryua# OTHeHOTO KTan6o ce AOIIHpa AO 3eMsrra.
rOpH$AT 3eMeH naaCT ce pa3Tana, pa36bpxBa ce c
IIpOAyl(TBTe OT B3pHBa H ce pa3XB7>pIIH OT. yAapHaTa
BbJma. 3Ha4HTenHa uacT OT paJHoaKTHBHHTe npO-
AyKTH cc pa36bpRBaT c pa3TOneHaTa nOgBa H OCTaBaT
B palloHa Ha B3pHBa B'bB BHA Ha paAHOaiTHBHa
nenen. B o6naxa ce yBJm'BT roiTAMO KOJIHtieCTBo
npax x paAHoaKTHBHa nenen, xo)To HocRT cbc ce6e
cm paAHOaKTHBHH STOMA. C H3AHraHe Ha o6naxa
H3BecTHa.uacT OT HaA-ejpHTa uacTxljH npax H paAxo-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
a1cTHBHa nenen naAaT Ha 3eMfITa H yCHJIBaT paAHO-
aKTHBHOTO 3apa3xsaxe Ha MecTHOCTTa B paIOna Ha
B3pHBa. IIaAaHCTO Ha paJHOaRTHBHH BeluecTBa Iipo-
A1JnnaBa H no HLT$I Ha ABH)xeHHeTO in o6naxa,
npH xoeTo ce o6pa3yBa 3apa3exa HBHua OT MecTHO-
CTTa c HIHpOLIHHa HAKOJIKO KHnOMeTpa H 91,nxKe T$1XHaTa CKOpOCT Ha nagaHe
(1-2 CM/ceK) e MHOr0 n0-maJlxa OT CKOpOCTTa Ha
pa3HHTe BepTHKaJIHH TegeHHSI, CbnjeCTByBaIgH B'EB
BE3gyxa. 3a ga MoraT BOAHHTe KaIIKH ga naAHaT
Ha 3eM3ITa BEB BHA Ha A'b>Kg, Te Tpsl6Ba ga HMaT
pa3MepH, He no-MaJII(H OT 0, 2 is - KanKH Ha MH.OrO
CHTeH A'b A (A7,)3tAT,T pEMH). KanKHTe B o6JIaxa ce Ha-
MHpaT B HenpeK'bCHaTO ABH>KeHHe. J1 BH>KeftKH ce BbB
BCHLIKH HOCOKH, Te ce C6JIhCKBaT eAHa c Apyra H ce
CJIHBaT B no-egpH xanxH. Kanxnze ce KOHgeH3HpaT
no-Ao6pe, aHo BEB B'b3AyXa HMa TB'bpgH LIaCTHgH
(npax, npOgyHTH OT ropexe H rip.).
npH aTOMeH B3pHB rOJleMH BE3gyIIIHH MaCH,
cEgEpwalljH BogHH napH, ce yBJIHUaT Harope.
CnegoBaTeJIHO C H3gHraHCTO Ha aTOMHHSI o6Jlax ce
yaeJiHtIaBa npHTO}ET Ha BJIara B ropHHTe aTMOCC4e-
pHH nJIaCTOBe. OcHeH TOBa CEgbp>xalljHTe ce B
o6JIaxa TB'bpAH tIaCTHim yCHJIBaT 3HaLIHTe.n o KOH-
AeH3aIjH3ITa Ha BOAHHTe napH. J pe6HHTe KanKH
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
ce oTnaraT B'bpxy gaCTHUHTe, c bg'bpK(aigH pagBo-
aKTRBHH BeujeCTBa, H CJIeA ToEa naAaT B'bB BHg Ha
gT,xKHO npH gBH>KeHHe no 3ap23CH
np2HIeH nT,T npH CHJIeH BSIT'bp. Te nonaJj2T B
opraHHaMa CT,II(O H C XpaHaTa H BOgaTa.
PaJjMOaKTHBHHTe BeJ1eCTBa, I;HpxO-
HH$IT, CTpOH4H5IT, 6apHHT - npe) HMHO B KOCTIITe;
JIaHTaHT,T, UepHSIT, npa3eOj,HM'bT - B LIepHHH Apo6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
H T. H. CTeneHTa Ha nopa)KeHneTO 3aBHCH OT KOJIH-
LIeCTBOTO Ha paAnoaRTHBHnTe BeluecTBa, nona,TjHaji
B7bB B-bTpeInxocTTa Ha OpraBH3Ma, OT BIL a H eHep-
rHHTa Ha H3nbtIBaHH3ITa, OT pa3npegeJIenxeTO Ha
pa,i[HOaHTHBHHTe BelueCTBa B opraHH3Ma, OT nepnoga
Ha noJlypa3nagaHCTo, OT BpeMeTO 3a OTCTpaHHBa-
HCTO HM OT opraHn3Ma H OT gpyrH 4aKTOpn. HopagH
TOBa IZ03aTa Ha BT,TpenIHOTO 06JIT,LIBaHe OT npOJjyK-
THre Ha aTOMHHH B3pHB HJIH OT Ha}Ba ga e Apyra
CMeC OT pagHOaKTnBHH H3OTOHH CC H3LIHCJI3IBa MHOro
TpyAHO.
fopa3S1Bal9OTO ,t (I3CTBHe Ha si peHHTe H3JI qBa-
HHH e CBbp3anO C TSIXHaTa cHOCO6HOCT J;a I3OHn3npaT
aTOMHTe H MOJIeKyJIHTe. O6atre Haper C TOBa Te Jjeit-
CTByBaT H HanpaBO' B-bPXy BengecTBOTO, pa3K'bcBaftXH
xHMHtlecxHTe Bp'b3KH B CJIO)K$flTe MOJIeKyJIH, nOHe)Ke
eneprH5ITa, Heo(5xogHMa 3a TOBa pa3xccBaxe, tieCTO
n7,TH e 3HagHTejn-Io no-MaJIKa OT eneprHSlTa, Heo6xo-
aHMa 3a o6pa3yBaHe Ha HOHH. IIpH npxHOTO J;eH-
CTBHe Ha 51gpeHHTe H3JIBXIBaHHSI ce pa3pyiuaBaT
pa3JIHtIHHTe MaTepHaim H )KHBaTa Ti~KaH. HO 3a
nOJlytlaBaHe Ha 3a6eJleHCHM e4)eKT ca Hy)KHH MHOrO
roJIeMH 903H - CTOTH1H XHJIHgH pexrrena.?
B 9eAcTBHTeJmoCT npH 903a I peHTreH B 1 2
B b3J;yX, BOJja H gpyrH JIe.XH BengeCTBa ce C'b3gaBaT
1, 6. 1012 ~BORHH fIOHH. Tvfi KaTO nJTTHOCrTa Ha
BOAaTa H McHHTe TT,KaHH e npH6JIH3nTeJIHO egHaKB+a,
TaKOBa KOJIHtieCTBO J;BOfIKH ItOHH ce o6pa3yBaT H B
1 2 T'bxaHH. Mow e ga ce CMHTa, ue MaxcHMaJIHHHT
6po# MOJIeKyJIH, K'bACTO ce pa3x bcBaT XHMHtIeCKHTe
Bpb3ICH, c'bIuo Taxa e 1, 6. 1012. Ho B 1 2 Boga HMa
3,35. 1022 MoJlexyim. CJIe OBaTenao npH o6imti-
Baxe J;axte c Jjo3a 1000 penrrena Ta3H LIaCT OT MOJie-
KyJIHTe, B HO$ITO HaCTZ,nBaT XHMHLIeCKH H3MeHeHH31,
cbcTaBH npH6JIH3HTeJIHo 2. 10-8 0/0 (JjBe CTOMH-
JIHOHHH LIaCTH OT npo1 eHTa). B snpenH TOBa H3BeCTHO
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
e, tie HpH lio3a 500 - 600 peHTreHa o6JIbtIBaHe
B nOBeqeTO cnyLlaH cc cmra AO Te>HHO 3a6onHBane.
3aTOBa IlopmeHHETO Ha T'bHOHHTe cc onpeAenH
He OT np3IKOTO JJ(IICTBHe Ha H3JMIIB2I;MHTa, a OT
KOCBeHOTO. TOBa cc nOTB'bp>HAc-Ba OT OHHTHH A2HHH.
143cyHIeHH (6e3BOJIHH) BHpycu, 6&KTepHH H ceMeHa
yMHpaT HpH B-b3A(HCTIHe C 903H HHKOJIHO ACCCTKH
XHJISIAH peHTreHa, a B'bB BOAeH pa3TBOp - C 903H
HAKCJIKO CTOTHH OT peHTreHa. OTTyK cneABa, qe
BOAHHTe MOneKynI HOA A(I3CTBHeTO Ha H3n'bLIBa-
HHHTa BJIH31$IT MHOTO CHJIHO B-bpxy >KHBHTe opra-
HH3MH. HOBegeTO H3CneLCBaTeJIH CMHTaT, ile nTbpBH-
tIHOTO A(IkCTBHe Ha SIApeHIITe H3n'btIBaHHSI Cc CbCTOH
B BOHH32IjHRTa Ha BOAFHTe MOJIEKynH, npHApy>ICena
c o6pasyBaxe Ha HOBH MOJIeKynH H aTOMH, B3aHMo-
A(I3CTBy138H9U noMe>KAy cm H BnHSIeJW B"bpxy >KHBaTa
TTbK2H.
Haft-BepOSITfH e CJIeAHHHT npcAec Ha I3OHH3a-
IiH3ITa Ha BOAHHTe MOneKynH. HpH OTK'bCBaHe Ha
eJleKTpOH OT BOAHaTa MOJICKyna cc nonyT-IaBa nOJIO>KH-
TeneH I"30H H2O+, OTAeneHHSIT eJIeHTpOH Ha H3BeCTHO
pa3CTOSIHHe ,npimmBa" K-bM Apyra MonexyJla -
Cb3AaBa cc OTpHIiaTeneH on H2O-. O6pa3yBaJI14Te cc
cIOHH ca HeyCT0ftLIMBH H 6'bp3O cc pa3HaAaT (AHCOljHH-
paT) no cneJHaTa cXeMa:
H2O+ H++OH;
H2O-- + HO-+H.
HapeA c AHcogHaIjHSLTa npoTHtla H o6paTHH3IT rlpo-
uec - o6pa3yBaHe Ha Bo)IopoAHa ivloneKyna H Bo-
AopoAeH npel1lc:
H+H->H2;
OH+OH-FH202.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
IIOA Ae*CTBHeTO Ha H3JITigBaHHR'ra MOHCe Aa ce
H3BTapHIH H pa3naraxe Ha BOAHHTe MonexynH H Ha
BOAopOABHR ripemnc:
2H2O -> H202+H2;
H202 H2O + O,
H OTHOBO Aa ce o6pa3yBaT HOBH MonexyJIH:
H2+OH-- H20 +H;
H202+H--, H2O+ OH;
H+O.--HO2.
BoAopoAwHRT iipexHC H. npOAyHTHTe OT pa311ara-
HCTO (H,O,OH,H02) AaHCe B MHOro ManKH KOJIHge(TB1
( ItCTByBaT BpCBHO B1 pXy HCHBaTa T xaH, KaTO Hapy-
InaBaT He#Ha1a IiopMaJma HcH3HeAeRTeJIHOCT. IIOny-
LIaBa ce cBoeo6pa3HO XHMHLIecxo OTpaBRHeHa opra-
HH3Ma OT o6pa3yBaugHTe ce BeigecTBa. MHoro o^
H36pOCHHTe peai< i i, npoTHLIaII;H B'bB BoAa nog
Ae iCTBHeTO Ha H3JITat3BaHHHTa, nOxa3BaT KOJIKO CJIO-
niHo e ACACTBHeTO Ha H3n'bgBaHH5lTa BT.pxy opra-
HH3Ma.
Oco6eHOCTTa Ha ActkcTBHeTO Ha RApeHHTe H3n'bLI-
BaHHR BTpXy XIOBexa ce CbCTOH B TOBa, Lie TO ce
npORBRBa He CaMO B OTAenHH opraHH H TT,xaHH,
HO H B npOgeCHTe, KOHTO ce perynHpaT OT IgeHTpaJIHaTa
HepBHa CHCTeMa, T. C. B Ije rn opraHH37mM. aE I-
CTBHETO Ha H3nbtIBaHH3ITa B'bpXy OpraHH3Ma nopa-
.HCAa oco6eHa (popMa 3a6on3IBaHe - nwieBa 60ncCT.
C'bigHocTTa Ha HapyIIIeHHRTa Ha 4)H3HOJiOTHLIHHTe
npoIjecH, npOTHYaIIXH B opraHH3Ma npH n'bLIeEaTa
6onecT, He e owe oxoHLlaTenHo H3RCHexa.
H3BecTHo e, Lie jiwieBaxa 6oneCT npOTHLIa TOJI-
}OBa no-TeH(xo, KOJIKOTO no-rojmMa e nonyLIexaTa
Ao3a pa)Hatns. HaCJIe.BaHHRTa BbpXy HCHBOTHH H
sus
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
rlpaRTHxaTa npH pa6oTa c pellTreHOBH a-btiH noxa-
3BaT, Ile rOJISIMO 3HaueHHe HMa B'bnpOCBT, xax e ITOay-
tieHa go3aTa: 3a np04j'bJI3wHTeMHO pee Han IcpaT-
KOBpeMeHHO, ii e 6i e aH TH B'b3npneTa OT LjeJIHH
opranH3"bM HJIH OT OTAeJIeH oprail. Oxa3Ba Ce,
tie npa eJ1;HOxpaTHO o611-bgBaHe (HCrIPOq-bawwHTeaxo
BpeMe) tiOBex nOHacH 6e3 BCSIxaxBH nocaeACTBHH
903a go 50 peHTreHa. uOBeHIKIITe T-bxaHH HMaT
CnoCo6HOCTTa ga cc CaMOB-b3CTaHOBSIBaT, axo He ca
nOBpeJZeHH MHOrO CHJIHO. 3aTOBa o6arbusaaeTO C
MaaKa JJ;o3a npOAT.JI>KHTeJIHO pee e HO-6e3BpeJZHo,
OTKOJIKOTO KpaTKOBpeMCHHOTO o6avtlBaHe C'bC CbnAaTa
Ro3a. Haripnrep npH o6a-busaxe Ha MopcnH CBI-IHtieTa
exceAHeBHO (B npo9vba>KeHHe Ha 8 Baca) c no 4,4
peHTreHa ca Hy>KHH 2900 peliTrella, 3a ga npeR-
n3BHxaT c-bIgaTa. CM-bpTHOCT, HaRBaTO Ce Ha6alogaBa
npn eRHOKpaTHO Bb3gd'CTBHe c JZo3a 300 peHTrexa.
HepCOHaJMT OT peHTreHOBHTe xa6HHeTH, npHe-
maI3xH e>KeJZHCBHO He no-roaaMa OT gonyCTnMaTa
3a Te3n cJlytlaa g03a (0,05 peHTreHa Ha AeH), 3a
20 rOJZHHn Henpeic niaTa pa60Ta c peHTreHOBH a'bTIH
moxce ga noaytrH 9o3a oxoao 300 peHTrexa 6e3
yspe>x ane Ha 3gpaBeTO. jOnyCTHMHTe p03H 6eTa-
n3JrbtlBaxe MoraT ga 6T aT no-roaeMH, T-bA xaTO
6eTa-tiacTHIjnTe npa B'bHHIHO o611'btIBaHe MoraT ga
HOBpe)]S$T caMO BbHIIIHHTe TbxaHH Ha tiOBeLIIKOTO
THJIO. B'THIHHOTO aa4)a-06JI'btIBaae He npeJZH3B14-
RBa JrbtieBa 6OJIeCT.
06HKHOBeHOTO peHTreHOBO nperaea aHe Ha rpT-Jj-
HH51 ROM Cb3gaBa 9o3a OKOJIO 0,1 peHTreHa. IIpIH
aexyBaxe Ha 3aoxatleCTBeHH Ty,MIOpH MoraT ga cc H3-
H0Jl3yB T H n0-roJIeMH McCTHH (JloxaJIIIH) J;o3a. Opra-
Hn3M'bT IIOHaCSI TaKHBa A03I4 CpaBHHTeaHO 6e360ae-
3HeHo, noaexce H3JIbtIBaHHSiTa JZeI3CTByBaT Ha MariKa
n.rxou . Bb B BpT,3Ka C TOBa nHTepeCHO e ga cc OT6e-
JIe>xn, tie pvt1HHTe tiaCOBHHL H CbC CBeTeaAH Iia4Iep-
166
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
6JiaTH, KoHro cbAbp>KaT oxoJlo 1 MHKporpaM paAHH,
cT,3AaBaT 9o3a 0, 1 peHTrexa B AeH. HHKOI3 OT npH-
Te)KaTeJiHTe Ha TaKHBa uacOBHHI(H, pa36Hpa Ce,
He noJIyLiaBa HHxaxBO, Aaxce H Hatt-cJIa6o Hopaxce-
HHe, Maxap LIe MHOTO OT TRX rH HOC$IT HRKOJIKO
roAHHH, 6e3 Aa rH CHeMaT OT p'BKaTa CH.
KaK npOTHLIa JrbgeBaTa 60JIeCT?
HepocpeACTBeHO CJIejj BT,3AE ICTBHeTO? Ha roJIFMH
903H H3JI7,LIBaHe O6HHHOBeHO Ce pa3BHBa Taxa HapH-
iIaHaTa (f a3a Ha HT,pBHLIHaTa peaia i , HORTO HpO-
A1JIxcaBa OT HHKOJIKO Baca AO HHHOJIKO AeHOHO-
I4HR H ce H3pa33IBa B o6nna CJIa6OCT, CTOMamHO-
xipeBHH pa3cTpolicTBa H 3ary6BaHe Ha aneTHr. CTa-
BaT H3MexeHHR CT,I40 H B CT,CTaBa Ha xp1,BTa. CJieA
TOBa HaCT'bnBa TaKa HapHLIaHHHT CKpHT riepHoA,
HJIH MHHMO O39paB3TBaHe. O6IIJOTO CI.CTORHHe R
6OJIHHR Ce rio9o6psBa, BT,HIHHH npH3HaIjH Ha 3a6o-
JIHBaHe He Ce Ha6Jno aBaT. O6axie B Ta3H 4)a3a Ha
JrbtleBaTa 6OJIeCT Ce pa3BHBaT naTOJIOrHLIHH npogecH:
HaMaJIHBaHe 6pO31 Ha JleruIO3 cTIIjeCTBysa CHCTeMa OT AbpxcaBHH Mepo-
IIpHSITHSI :
a) ycTaxOBHBane nO 3axoxOJjaTeJleH peg HOpMa-
THBHTe 3a npegeJIHO AOIIyCTHMHTe cTenelrn Ha o6JFbtI-
BaHe H npegeJIHO JjOnyCTHM8Ta KOHIAeHTpaILHSI Ha
pagHOaHTHBHH Ben;eCTBa B'bB BTa3AyXa H Bo aTa;
6) onpeAeJlxHe npOATaJDkHTeJIHOCTTa Ha pa6OTHOTO
BpeMeTO H OTHyCKHTe;
B) H3A8B8He Ha 3aA'bnDCHTeJIHH XHrHeHHH npa-
BHJIa 3a BCHLIxH pa6OTenW C pagHOaKTHBHH BeII-e-
cTBa;
r) opraHH3Hpaxe Ha ALpx(aBeH KOHTpOJI 3a H3nvJI-
HeHHe Ha CbOTBeTBOTO B ,Ijajjexa o6JIaCT 3axoHoAa-
TeJI.cTBO;
A) opranH3Hpaxe Ha MegHI;HHCxa cJlyw6a 3a CHCTe-
MaTHtIHo Ha6nioAeHHe Ha 39paBOCJIOBHOTO CbCTOSI-
HHe Ha xopaTa, KOHTO pa6oTwT C paAHOaRTHBHH
Beu;eCrBa.
169
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
KaTO npeJjenHO JjOHyCTHMa Jjo3a 3a BbHIIIHO
raMa-o6n'b1IBaHe e yCTaHOBeHa JjO3aTa 0,05 peHT-
reHa 3a eAIIH pa60TeH JjeH. Pa6oTaTa ce opraHH31-1pa
H H3B-bpLHBa TaKa, ue exrejHeBHO Hony iaBaHHTe
JjO3H Jja He 6'bAET Ho-rOneMH OT 0,05 peHTreHa.
YCTaHOBeHaTa OT MIIHHCTepCTBOTO Ha 39paBeoHa-
3BaHeTO Ha CCCP HpeJjenHO JjOII CTHMa KOHIjeHTpa-
LjHSI Ha HHKOH paJjHOaKTHBHH H30TOH14 B'bB B-b3Jjyxa
H BOJjaTa e JjajjeHa B Ta6n. 17.
Ta6nnga 17
HpeAenao AOUYCTHMa xoHIeHTpauax Ha paAHOaKTE8HH
Ben;ecTBa B'hE B7.3Ayxa Ha pa6OTHHTe HoMeujeaHSI H B'bB
BOAaTa Ha OTxpHTHTC BOAoeMH
Hpejenno AonycT
(B 10OpH
i4Ma noageHTpaL1HH
Ha nHTI.p)
Ra223
1.10-14
5.10-11
Sr90-Y90
1.10-12
1.10-9
J131
5.10-12
5.10-9
Sr89
1.10-11
1.10-8
Ca45
5.10-11
5.10-8
Ba140.-La140
5.10-11
5.10-8
p32
1.10-10
1.10-4
C11
5.10-9
1.10-6
Na24
5.10-9
1.10-5
I I
[ZoMeH;eHHSITa, B KOHTO ce pa60TH C paJjHO2HTHBHH
BenjecTBa, TpH6Ba Jja 6-bJjaT HpocTOpHH, CBeTnH 13
o63aBeACHH C BeHTHnaIlHH. noB-bpxxocTTa Ha pa6o-
THIITe Maces, CTeHHTe H HoJUST Tpn6Ba Jja 6-b jaT rnagiKaBa OT rama-1431rbTIBaHe H oCBo6o>Kga-
Bane Ha HeyTpoHH; npoJLyKTHTe Ha peaxuuRTa -
?napueTaTa" OT AeneHHeTO - ca H3TOgHHuH Ha 6eTa-
H raMa-H3JI'WIBane; HeB3pHBHnaTa ce LI3CT OT 3a-
paJ;a npe Ii3BHKBa an4)a-H3JrbLIBane. Aa BHAHM
"KaKBH H3Jrb'IBaHHH npa4pyxcaBaT TepMoaRpeHHTe
peaH1WI, n0-TOLIHO peaxuHHTe C H30TOrIHTe Ha B0J10-
poAa H JIHTHa (Ta6JIHua 18).
,IZaIIHHTe OT Ta6Jr4uaTa nOKa3BaT, Lie Hai -e()cxTH-
BHO npOTHLIa peaKIjHATa Me>i y AeyTepaa H TpHTIia.
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oco6eHo axo ce r OBHIUH TeMnepaTypaTa Ha ?32MaJl-
BaHeTO".
IIpH pealcl;HaTa Me>xJiy Aeyzepaa H TpHTHa ce
o6pa3ysaT aApa Ha xeJIHeBH aTOMH (aJl(f a-LIaCTHuH)
H HeyTpoHH. Ha Bcaxa gBoI3Ka cbeAHH3IBau4H ce
aJ(pa Ha 1 eyTepaa H TpHTHa ce naja eLHa aJi4a-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
Ta6JIHua 18
XapaxTepacTKxa Ha s*KOH TepMOay.peaa peaIqaa
dcIm, ,MOm
I
PCaKIjHH
X V~ 0 u no, +
~r a
g o 18
$HeprNA, KOATO
ce OTAeJIA OT
Ke ae1je-
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I
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p'O x m 0.
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canto a peaK-
gaaTa (a KKaA)
L{HATa HpH
20 Mill. rpaAyca
1
H+H-+D+(i+
1,4
1,66.1010
1,0.1011 log.
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5,0
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4
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1,93. 1010
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5
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6
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7
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K-IAeTo :
H - RApo Ha JleHHH BOAOpoA (npoTOH);
D - aApo Ha AeyTepHH (Aeyrpox);
T - HApo Ha TpHTHH (TwHTOH);
,He' - a.Upa-eacTHI;a;
n - HeyrpoH.
'4acTx1ja H. eAHB HeyTpoH. IIo Tax'B HaLIHH npx
B3pHB B Ke Ha 1 Ke cM(c, cTarrosnua ce OT AeyTepHft
H TpHTA#, ce oTAenRT 1,2. 1026 HeyTpoxa. IIpH
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2,5 HeyTpoxa. AKO ce npHeMe, me 3a noAA'bpxtaae
Ha BepH)CHaTa peaxuxx ce H3pa3XO Ba eAHH HeyTpoH,
a ocTaHaJIHTe He yliaCTByBaT B peaHIw Ta, 6poYIT
HM We 6T>Ae 3,8. 1024, T. e. 30 nvTx no-Majn,c,
OTKOJIKOTO B H'bpBHSI CJIy'Ia t. B Ae1CTBHTenHOCT
0614OTO xojmiieCTBO Ha 06pa3yBaI11HTe ce HeyTPOHH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
ule 6'bge 3HaquTenno no-Manxo, TIOHe>Ke LIacT OT
3apxga (KaKTO OT ypaHOBHSI, Taxa H OT BoAopoAHHB)
cc pa311p'bCHBa, 6e3 Aa cc B3pHBH.
IlpogyKTHTe OT BOAOpOAHHA B3pHB cbabp)icaT
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o6pa3yBaT OT eneMeHTHTe, B1143algn B CbCTaBa Ha
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CBeTnHHHOTO H3n'bLIBane.
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TOHa MOK{e ga HMa 12 K2 sigpexo B3pHBHO BenjeCTBO
(npegnonara cc HerOBOTO n'bnHO H3non3yBaHe). B
TaWbB Cnytial3 npn B3p1Ba ige Cc OTgensT OKOJIO
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pa3JIHTaT B npOCTpaHCTBOTO. Mowe ga cc II3LIMCJIH,
tie Ha pa3CTOsIHHe 1800 .41 OT IjeHTT,pa Ha BT,3gyIIIHHH
B3pHB HeyTpoHHHxT nOTOH Ige 6Tbge mono 4,4. 1011
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90 3eM5ITa AOCTHraT npH6nH3HTeJHO 10 u'bTH nosetie
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
6aBHH HeyTpOHH, OTKOJIKOTO 6Tp311. IIo-rope ce OT6e-
JISI3a, tie 903a 0,1 6pe CI.OTBeTCTByBa Ha nOTOK
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7 Km.
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OT H31(yCTBeHaTa (BT,36yAeHaTa) pagHoaKTHB-
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IIpH BoAopoEeH B3PHB Tp316Ba Aa ce otaKBa
HO-CHJIHa 143HyCTBeHa paAHoaKTHBHHTT B psxoHa
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
Ha B3pHBa, noI-Ie}Ke HeyTpoHHTe, HaganuH Ha egHHH Ua
nJIOH{ OT 3eMHa noB'bpxnoCT, B TO3H cnyuaK ca noBetIe.
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e,jBa JIH we 6'b4e rOJIHMO, noHexte HOBCLICTO OT paJZno-
axTHBnnTe Be1IweCTBa ce pa3CeI3BaT B aTMOC4)e-
paTa. 143BeCTHO KonnileCTBO paJZnoaKTHBeH npax H
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Mo>xe ga ce pa3npOCTpann no LjHJIOTO 3eMHO K'bn6O
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paAHOaKTnBHH BeIuecTBa nawiann Ha ronHMO pa3-
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ce yBJlnua rOnlIMO KOnHLIeCTBO npax H nenen, KOCTO
ynecHHBa nagaHCTO Ha 3HauHTenna uaCT OT pagno-
aKTHBBHTe BewecTBa no ,ciiegaTa" Ha o6naxa.
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BaJ111 AT'b , CJZ OT' pagHoaxTHBHa nenen. Hog neneJiTa
nonaAHan HIOHCHI$IT pm6onOBeH KOpi6 ,, yxypyH
Mapy" N2 5 c 23 pH6apn, KOHTO no BpeMe Ha B3pHBa
ca 6nna Ha pa3CTOHHHC OKOJIO 100 MHnH 3anaAHO
OT BHKIiHn, JZaneu 3aJZ rpaHILUHTe Ha 3a6pareHaTa
3o1Ia. Pn6apnTe cHOxOHHO ce 3annmaB2nH C pH6o-
noBa H ne noAo3Hpann 3acTpanlaBawaTa rH ona-
cHOCT. Te He 3Haejii Ha KaKBO ce L'bJI}KM na)xawaTa
nenen H KaKBO e He1tHOTO JZddCTBHe. HocTpaganHTe
pH6apn ce B-bpH2JIW B C$oeTO npncTaHHj4e Ha 14 MapT
176
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
H egBa Torasa nonymum McAHIIHHCKa nOMOig. EAHH
OT nOCTpaAanHTe - gnoHCKHSIT pH6ap Ky6osima -
cTaHan )xepTBa Ha aMepHxaHCKHTe-OHHTH C B,-
AO,pOTIHOTO op'bmm. OnHTHTe Ha CAM C BOAOpo-
Axa 6om6a npeRH3BHxa.rlH 6e3nOKOIkCTBHe B uslna
5InOHHSI, T'bIR xaTO LIaCT OT ' pH6aTa, HOSITO e 6Hna
JIOBeHa oxOno HnOHCxns1 6psIr ce oxa3ana C'bu40 Taxa
3apasexa. B mopeTO 6HJIH xwbpneHH CTOTHI;H H
XHJISIAH TOHOBC 3apa3ena pH6a. CnpaBeAJInBOTo
aWb3MyIL HHe Ha 31HOHCKH51 Hapo. 6eme noAAbp)H H0
OT MHJIHOHH o6HxHOBeHH xopa. Bop6aTa 3a 3a6pa-
H5IBaHe Ha BOAOpOAHOTO op'b)HHe, xaHTO n APYFHTe
cpejcTBa 3a Macoso yHnuLo>Kellne, 06xnana ulHpo-
xnTe MacH Ha HaceneHHeT0 no ueJIHH CB$IT.
Ko6anzoBa 6oM6a. Arco o6BHBxaTa Ha BoAopO-
AHaTa 6oM6a ce HanpaBH OT x MnLIecKH eneMeHTH,
B xOHTO H0A AdkCTBHeTO Ha HeyTpOHHTe ce o6pa3yBaT
paAHOaHTHBHH H3OTOHH, n3nyCKaIIlH raMa-n'brn Him
6eTa-LIaCTHIjH, KOJIHqeCTBOTO Ha paAHOaKTHBHIHTe
BeLI ecTBa, o6pa3ysaunH ce npl3 B3pHBa, ce yBeJIHqaBa.
Hep110 1 T Ha nonypa3naAaxeTO Ha TOHHBa eneMeHTH
moxce Aa 6ibAe HHKOJIHO Meceua $nH Aaxce HSIKOJIKO
roAHHH. B LIy)KAHSI neLlaT HeBe,IIJI'b)K ce cnomeHa-
Baule xo6aJIT'bT KaTO eAHH OT H8I3-BB3MOHCHHTe
eneMeHTH 3a Cb3,,qasane Ha cnei antra 6om6a 3a
np0A'bJIH(1Tenxo 3apa3slBane na MecTHOCTTa. Ko6aJ TBT
HMa eAHH CTa6nnex H30TOn -Co59. npH 3aJIaB3IHe
Ha HeyTpOH OT aTOMHOTO s1ApO Ha C 59 ce noJlyuaBa
paAHOaKTHBHHSIT 143OTOn E080, KOHTO HMa nepHOA
Ha noJlypa3na.aHe 5 rOAHHH H H3nyCKa raMa-JI'btIH H
6eTa-LIaCTnun (c Ma mca eHeprHSI). OCBeH xo6aJITa
MoraT Aa 6'bAaT H3nOJl3yBaHH IIHHK (Zn 5 HMa nepioj
Ha noJrypa3naAaHe T = 250 AeHa), ue3HI3 (CS134,
T = 2 roAHHH) H H$IHOH Apyrn eneMeHTH, IIpI3Te-
)KaBau;H Ao6pa cnoco6HOCT Aa 3aJIaBSIT HeyTporHTe.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
110 TaxbB HaTIHH xo6aJITOBaTa 6oM6a npHHLHHHO
He e HOB Bii op'bwHe. TH npeACTaBnxBa BOJjopo Ha,
ypaHOBa HJIH IJIyTOHHeBa 6om6a, LIHeTO paJjHOaxTH-
BHO -gtACTBHe e ycHneHO CTic cneIjHa rno nog6paHH
eneMeHTH. BIB BCHLIHH CnytlaH, xoraTO npH SIJxpexaza
peaKLjHx 'ce oTJjeim roJuxMo xonnueCTBO HeyTpoHH,
Mo>He ga ce roBOpH 3a cTb3gaBaxe Ha xO6aJITOBa,
Lje3Hena Him xaKBa ga e Apyra 6om6a.
,ILa pa3rne,ijame xaHBH ca 6oItHHTe B'b3MO)HHOCTH
Ha xo6aJITOBaTa 6oM6a.
Axo 12 KO BoJjopoJjeH 3ap i ce o6rpa,i i c Ko6an-
TOBa o6BHBxa Taxa, qe BCHLIxH HeyTpoHH ga 6'bgaT
3anOBeHH OT i paTa Ha Jo6aJITOBHTe aTOMH, o6njaTa
B'b36ygeHa aRTHBHOCT n e 6-bge nOBe*-Ie OT 1 MHJIHapg
xIOpn. Ho H3BeCTHO e, tie Hp1 B3PHBaBaHe Ha TaKaBa
6oM6a ce o6pa3yBaT H npOAyKTH OT geneHHeTO Ha
aTOMHHII 3ap3ig. IIpH B'b3JjylneH B3pHB Ha TaKaBa
Ho6anTOBa 6oM6a CHJIHO 3apa3SlBaHe He MOHCe g a ce
nonytiH. B n'bpBHSI MOMeHT 3apa3HBaHCTO e TaKOBa,
xaxTO H npH 6oM6a 6e3 Ko6aJITOBa o6BHBxa. PagHo-
axTHBHHHT xo6aJIT, naJjnaJI Ha 3emsTa, . npe)1113Bn-
KBa MHOro yCTOI3tIHBO 3apa35IBane. j1a)xe npH Manxa
xOHLjeHTpaL[HH TO MO)Ke ga 3aTpyJjHH npo bJDHHTeJI-
HOTO npeCTOHBaIIe B Ta3H McCTHOCT.
B ]jHHKOBaTa o6BHBxa aKTHBHOCTTa e J;eceTKH
n'bTH no-Manxa, a B CTOMaHCHaTa o6BHBxa - mono
10 000 n'bTH. BOIjOpOJ[HHHT 3ap i.r mowe ga ce o6rpagH
c nnaCT nprp-)gen (Hepa3geJIeH) ypaH. HeyTpOHHTe,
KOHTO ce OTgenHT npH CIIHTe3aTa Ha XenHSI, B3aHMo-
gCI3CTBYBaT C aTOMHHTe ngpa Ha ypalla; npH Arne-
HHeTO Ha si paTa ce O6pa3yBaT HOBH pagHOaHTHBHH
Slijpa. O611AOTO xonntleCTBO in pagHOBKTHBHHTe
npO, yxTH OT B3pHBa e no-ronHMO. Cne9OBaTenHo ce
yBenHtIaBa H CTeneHTa Ha paljHOaHTHBHOTO 3apa35I-
Bane.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
VI. AEfCTBHSI B PAAHOAKTHBHO
3APA3EHA MECTHOCT H 3AIqHTA
OT PAAHOAKTHBHHTE BE LECTBA
1. AE1!CTBHfI B MECTHOCT, 3APA3EHA
C PAJXHOAKTHBHH BEIIJECTBA
IIpH ynoTpe6a Ha aTOMHO opbxcxe OT rremm si
JIHtieH C1CTaB Ha Li opixceHHTe cHJIH noBege OT
xoraTO H ga 6HJIO ce H311Cxsa oTJrngHa rro T roToBHa,
H3,I;p'I HQIHBOCT, yCTOF*LIHBOCT, >xeJIS13Ha BOHHCxa gH-
cgHnJIHHa 11 HenpeKJIOHHa BOJISI 3a no6ega Hag Bpara.
3a ga ce i3n',JUIH ycneiIHo 6o1 HaTa 3agaga, BCeRH
Bo1 HHx e I JrbxceH OTJIHgHO ga 3Hae CBOHTe 3agbJlx(e-
HHH, yMeno ga geACTByBa npi ynoTpe6a Ha aTOMHo
opbxcHe, npoHBHBa#xH B 6osI pa3yMHa HHHIWaTHBa
H c'bo6pa3HTeJIHOCT.
IIpeRH BCHLIKO e Heo6xo I ifMo ga ce 3HaSIT CHrHa-
JIHTe 3a aTOMHa H XHMHLIecxa TpeBora II Ha'IHHa 3a
I e#CTBHe npH T31X CHrxaJI 3a aTOMHa TpeBora ce
noj[,I;aBa canto npH HeIIocpe9cTBexa OnaCHOCr OT
aTOMHO Hana,geHHe OT CTpaHa Ha npOTHBHHxa. O6atie
aTOMHOTO Hana) eHHe He MOxce ga 6vge npHgHHa 3a
npexpaTSIBaHe Ha 6o3r. KoraTO ce tlye HJn3 BHJjH cHrHa-
JPbT 3a aTOMHa TpeBora, Tp}16Ba ga ce npHBe)jaT B rOTO-
BHOCT HHgHBHJjyaJIHHTe cpej[CTBa 3a npOTHBOXHMH-
LIecxa 3ai4HTa H ga ce npOgT)Jmm H3nrbJIHeHHeTO
Ha 6oih aTa 3ai aqa. A}O B MOMeHTa Ha nOJjaBaHe
Ha CHrrajra He ce BO,1;H 6oft, Hyx{HO e ga ce B3eMaT
Mepx} 3a JIxLIHa 3aMK a H 3aMHTa Ha OpbxrieTO
OT nOpa EeHHSITa Ha aTOMHHSI B3pHB.
179
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
chuz. 42. IIpeoAoJIasaxe Ha 3apa3eH yuaCThx c Taax
IIpI3 OTxpHBaHe Ha yuaCT'bI;I3 OT MecTHOCTTa, 3apa-
3eHH c paAHoaxTHBHH Be1I1eCTBa, ce noAaBa cnrxaJI
3a xi im-iecHa TpeBora. CneA TO3H CHTHaJI TpH6Ba
6"bp3o Aa ce HOCTaBH rIpOTHBOra3'bT, a axo e Iieo6xo-
AHMO, H 3aMHTHO IiaMeTano, TIopaHH H p-mxaBHuH
14 Aa ce npoAjbJI>HH H3H'bMIxeHIHeTO Ha 6oi3HaTa 3aAaga.
ARo 6or3HaTa 06CTaI-IOBxa rI03B0JIBBa, 3a 3au.(HTa OT
paAHoaHTH'BHHTe BeIIUeCTBa ce 113HOJI3yBaT H yxpH-
THSITa
MeCTHOCT, xo5ITO e 3apa3exa c paAHoaxTHBHH Be-
II{ecTBa, e ACCT-bHHa 3a 6OI3HH AeI3CTBHH. O6aLIe
3a Aa ce H36SIrxaT HOpaHKEO, ga ce
H3KJII0'IaT BeHTHJIaTOpIITe Ha 6CI%IHOTO oTJjeileHne.
TaHKOBHHT eRHrHW. HFKTO e nOKa3aHO B .recHHA
ropeH 'br'bJl Ha C~HrypaTa, pa6oTH C IIOCTaBeHn npo-
THBOra3n.
B aBTOMo6HJIHTe ((pnr. 43) TpH6Ea ga ce 3aTBOp31T
CTpaHHLIHHTe H np(J[HIITe CT'bKJIa n >KaJiy3hTe.
IIpH 3aJI5IraHe B 3apa3eH yiiaCT'bK, 06CTpeJIBaH OT
npOTHBHI'Ka (4)Hr. 44), Tpx6Ba ga ce 143r.OJ13yBaT
HaMeTaJIo-nOCTeJIKHTe, IIJIaa -nasIaTKHTe m IIOCTeJ1-
KHTe, HanpaBeHH CT HOJjp'b*dHH cpeACTBa. IIpH oxo-
naBaHe OTIIatjaJIO ce CHeMa ropHHAT HJIaCT 3eMA It
BHHMaTeJIHO ce n3XB'bpJIB no riocma Ha BAT'bpa.
BOeLL'bT TrH6Ba J;a ce oxonasa, JIe>KEI3Kn Ha IIocTeJI-
KaTa, KaKTO e nOxa3aH0 B ropHaTa LIaCT Ha 4)Hr. 44.
B paJjHOaxTHBHO 3apa3eHa MCCIHOCT He Tp56Ba ga
ce nynlI, ga ce nxe H ga ce Age, 3a ga He nonaJjnaT
paJjHOaRTHBHH BeIIjeCTBa B opraHn3Ma. He 6HBa
Jja ce nnnaT H B3eMaT HI4KaKBH CTpaHHLIHH npeJjMeTH.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
Pus. 44. IIpeoAOJIHBaHe Ha 3apa3eH yvacrbK, o&&TpeneaH
OT HpOTHBHHKa. ABH>KeHHeTO ce H3B'bplHBa c Hpe6elKK4,
KaTO HpH 3aaaHraHe ce H3HOJI3yBa HaMeTaJIO-HOCTeJIKaTa.
B ropnaTa gaCT Ha 4)HrypaTa e HOKa3aHO Kai Ce OKOHaBa
(50eIl'bT B aapa3eHa McCTHOCT
Axo He e Heo6xoJHMO, iie Tpa6Ba Aa ce BnH3a B
3apa3eHHTe 30HH, HOHTO ca 03HatieHH c HpeAyHpe-
AHTeJIHH 3HaiuH. HpH yrOTpe6a Ha aTOMHO Op b)KHe
TpiI6Ba HOCTOHHHO Aa ce HonaraT rpH)KH 3a 3ana3-
BaHe Ha op'b)-HeTO, TexHHxaTa, HOCHMHH 3aIiac OT
HpoAOBOJICTBHe H BOAa, KaKTO H JIHtIHHTe BeujH OT
3apa3SIBaHe c pagHoaKTHBHH BeiijeCTBa.
Cna3BaHeTO Ha H3IOH(HHTe HpaBHna 3a 6e3oHac-
HOCT, HpOCTH H Han-WHO H3HMnHHMH, AaBa Ha 6oerla
B-b3MO)4HOCT ycneulxo Aa H3H'bJIHH 6oI3HaTa 3aAatia
H Aa ce HpeAHa3H OT Hopa)KeHHeTO Ha paAHOaKTHB-
HHTe BeHqeCTBa.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
2. MEPKII 3A 3AIIXHTA HA XOPATA
OT PAAHOAKTHBHHTE BEII(ECTBA
IIo6ejtaza Hag Bpara ce nocTHra c Hag-ManxH 3a-
ry6H pea cMeJIH H peUIHTeJIHH ReftcTi wr, a CbWo
TaKa H HaTO ce B3eMaT MepKH 3a 3aWHTa OT nopa3H-
BaWOTO j(etICTBHe Ha aTOMHOTO opbmme. MepKHTe 3a
3aWHTa xaKTO OT aTOMHOTO opbK(He C B3pHBHO Ije i-
CTBHe, TaKa H OT 6ottHHTe paAHoaKTHBHH BeWeCTBa
HMaT 3a iien ga OCHrypHT Bo cxaTa OT HenocpegCTBe-
HOTO B'b3z ex"rCTBHe Ha TOBa op-mKHe H j;a 3ana35IT
TSIXHaTa 60AHa rOTOBHOCT. Te3H MepxH ce cna3BaT
HenpelcbCHaTO He CaMO B'bB BCHLIKH BH90BC 60H
HO H KoraTO BOI CKHTe ce HaMHpaT B jjbn6OKHH THn.
3aWHTaTa Ha BO.4CKHTe OT nopa3HBaWOTO j;erICTBHe
Ha aTOMHOTO op bH(He ce nOCTHra :
- C yMeno H3nOn3yB2H ~ Ha 3a14HTHHTe CBO1 CTBa
Ha McCTHOCTTa H 4)opTH4)HKaI.AHOHHHTe cbOp-b>(eHHH;
C Boi eHe Ha paj;HaIIHOHHO pa3y3HaBaHe;
C 6bp3O H npaBHJIHO H3non3yBaxe Ha HHJZH-
BHE yanHHTe H KOneKTHBHHTe cpeACTBa 3a npOTHBO-
XHMHLIeCKa 3aWHTa,
- c c C2HHTapHa o6pa6OTKa Ha JIHgHHH c'bcTaB,
K2RTO H C jje3aXTHBaIAHH Ha 6C#HaTa TeXHHKa, o6-
JIeKJIOTO, CHapHH(eHHCTO H n03141XHHTe.
B rnaaa III pa3rnegaxMe KaK ce H3HOJI3yBaT
4 opTH4)HKaI[HOHHHTe Cbopb)KeHHH H pa3Jn3iIHHTe
eCTeCTBeHH yxpHTHH 3a 3aWHTa OT BCHLIKH nopa3H-
BaWH I1aKTOpH Ha aTOMHHH B3pHB, BKnIOtiHTeJIHO H
npOHHKBaujaTa paj;Hai[HH. Cera j;a pa3rJlej;aMe rro-
HOp9pO6HO H3nOn3yBaHeTO Ha Te3H ChopT,H(eHHH 3a
3aWHTa OT paghoaKTHBHHTe BeneCTBa.
PaJHOaRTHBHHTe BCIUeCTBa B 3apa3exaTa MCCTHOCT
H3nyCKaT raMa-n7,tIH, a CbWO Taxa H 6eTa- H an4)a-
tIaCTHIrH. OT. rriej;Ha TOiixa Ha B L HIIIHOTO o6JrbxiBaHe
Haft-onaCHH ca raMa-n'btlHTe, nOHex(e 6eTa- H oco6eHo
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
06,teknomo hanb4 HO 'xadbpHSa
a4Oa- iacmuy,umc u Ok2OAO
L1opnyca a 6poHi ma Ha maHka HanbAHO
3a&,p? am aA(ba u 6ema -,[acmuz3ume
u tacmuwHO Zama - Ab ume
llokpu6a a cineuun7e Ha noa
6pycn76epHume 6AUHaamU u
ckpu6anuusama 14a176~1 HO
saaapmam ,cw,a -nauume
(hue. 45. 3au 1iTHH CBO CTBa Ha pa3JIH4HHTe nperpaJH
cpeuiy pa,gHoaRTHBHH Han susaHHH
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
17pomu6oea~,
-3acr3u .,en ~U.;u
pan . o 6.i4PU_'J;a c
kaky~.:: u
pakd6uL u
3au.4umuu
,topanu
Zuz. 46. IHHIHBHAyanHH cpeRcTBa 3a npOTHBOXHMH4ecKa
3algHTa Ha BOfIHHKa (BJIABO) H Ha MaTpOCa (BAHCHO)
an(ca-uaCTHI(HTe CHJIHO ce nornmbll;aT OT pa3JIHLIHHTe
nperpauH. O6JlexnoTO HanbJIHO 3agbpxKaTa
Ha rnaBaTa OT nopa>KeHHSITa Ha paAHOaRTHBHHTe
BeujecTBa.
3a ripegiia3BaHe Ha Ko>xaTa, C6JIeKJIOTO H O6yBKHTe
cnyxcaT 3auWHTHOTO HaMeTano, 3aujHTHHTe tiopanH H
3aujHTHHTe pT,KaBHIIH. AiGHeTO H TexHHxaTa ce H3TpHBaT 3-4
H'bTH CIIC cyx XIHCT napl;an. HJIH KrbJILiHH;a.
LIacTHLIHaTa ge3aKTHBaLjHH Ha o611eKJIOTO, cxap5i-
>KeHHeTO H HHZj1BHgyanHHTe cpeJjcTBa 3a HpOTHBO-
XHMHtiecxa 3a1I HTa ce H3B-bpIIIBa upe3 H3T'bPCBaxe
H H3MHTaxe Ha pagHOaKTHBHHH Hpax (CHI'. 54). B
He3apa3eH palkoH 3a HoiiHCTBaxe Ha o6nexnoTO, cxa-
pH>KeHHeTO H o6yBKHTe MoraT ga ce H3HOJI3yBaT
CHOHLIeTa OT ceHO HJIH TpeBa. AKO HMa AOCTaT'bTIHO
BpeMe H HpH 6naronpHaTHa O6CTaHOBKa CHapS)Ke-
HHeTO H O6neKJIOTO Ce CHeMaT, H3T'bpCBaT ce H ce H3-
TyHBa HpaX'bT. 3HMHO pee o6neKJIOTO, CHapHwe-
HHeTO H O6yBKHTe moraT ga ce Jje3aKTHBHpaT C He-
3apa3eH Mir.
n'bn[iaTa J;e3aKTHBaijHH Ha op-b>xHeTO, TeXBHKaTa,
06neKJIOTO H CHapsIHCeHHeTO ce HpaBH CaMO B He-
3apa3eH paROH Ha cneI;HaJIHO HpHrOTBeHH HJIOII;a,4KH.
Pa60TaTa ce pbKOBOJjH H KoHTTponnpa OT JIHI;a, ripe-
MHHanH CHeI;HaJIHa Ho,I;roTOBKa. LIpH HmuuHa Jje3-
aKTHBaI ISI 06neKJIOTO ce 113HHpa H3H ce H3TyfBa
Jjo6pe, a cpeJLcTBaTa 3a HpoTHBOxHmHLlecxaTa 3aII;HTa
ce H3MHBaT c I;e3aKTHBHpaII;H pa3TBOpH HRH Bo) a.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
Our.. 54. Hamm xagxn8 sa vacTliqua Ae3axTHBalWHIHa
o6nexnoTo m cxapxxcexeero. rope - E3mpcBaue Ha mu-
Hen; Aony - nommma a ia' ccapstxteexero a 06nexnoTo
cbc cHongeTa ceao K3IX pea
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
cue. 55. 11 ma Ae3axTHBaIIHH Ha op'b>HHeTO
H 6oHxara Texxxxa:
a - nbnHa Ae3aHTHB39HH Ha opbHCHC C'6C CneglianeH
Aera3agxoneH npn6op; 6 - ubnxa Ae3aITHBaig1H Ha
opbAHe c aBTOM06HnHa Aera3agHOHHa MamIHHa; 6-nbn-
Ha AC3aETHBagIH Ha Tares C aBTopaanHBkia CTaHUHH
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
Op'bHCHeTO H 6ofHaTa TexHHHa ce Ae3aRTHBHpaT no
eiHH OT cneAHHTe HatmHH : H3MHBaxe Ha paAHOaxTHB-
HHTe Beu;ecTBa C BOAHa CTpy$l; H3MHBaxe Ha paAHO-
aKTHBHHTe BeujeCTBa C BOAa, xaTO eAHoBpeMeHHO ce
H3TPHBa nOBTapxHocTTa c tieTxa, napljan Him xLnLIH-
iga; H367ipCBaHe c ueTxH H TaMnoHH, HaMOxpeHH C
Boga; H3MHBaHe Ha tiacTHTe B 6eH311H HJHI ra3. 3HM-
HO BpeMe 3a Ae3axTHBaIwH ce H3nOJI3YBaT He3aMp'b3-
Ban.M BOAHH pa3TBOpH, 6eH3HH HAH ra3. MoraT Aa
ce H3nOn3YBaT 39 Aera3aIMOHHH pa3TBOpH.
3a ge3axTHBagHSI ce H3nOn3yBaT pa3fHMHH gera-
3ar HOHHH MauuiHH H npH60pH (aBTOgera3agHOHHa
Mauu3Ha, aBTOpa3J1HBHa CTBH1 HH, pbtleH Aera3agHo-
HeH npH6Op H Ap.), HaKTO H gHCTepHH, noxcapHH
MaunIHH H Ap. Ha (4Hr. 55 e noxa3axa n-bji a Ae3-
axTHBaImSI Ha op7.xcxeTO H 6o1Hara TexHHxa (Ha
op,LgHe H TaHx).
7. AE3AKTHBATI HA IIO3HAHHTE
H MECTHOCTTA
TpaHlueH,, xorOBe 3a cLo6n eHHe x OxofR c o6-
JIH9OBaHH CTeHH ce Ae3aKTHBHpaT B c JegHH$ peg.
OT 6epMaTa ce CHeMa 3-4 cm npTLcT H ce H3xB'Bpns
3aA 6pycTBepa, caeg xoeTO CTeHHTe ce H3MHTaT C
BnaHiHa McTMa HJIII c BJIaHC H cxorPleTa OT Tpesa HnH
cnlaia. CneA TOBa ce cHeMa 3-4 cAe upT.cT OT gTbHOTO
Ha oxona HJM TpaomesITa H ce npeHaCH B cneI;Haimo
onpeAeneHO MSICTO.
Heo6.iun oBaHHTe cfeHH Ha TpaxuleETe ce notlH-
CTBaT c nonaTa, xaTo ce CHeMa nnacT, Ae6en 3-4 cm.
npH Ae3axTHBa9H3I Ha nO3HI HHTe BCHtIKH pa6OTH Ce
H3B'bpmBaT, 6e3 ga ce Hapynlana MacrHposxaTa.
HoMeu;eHHHTa H 3axpHTHTe cbopsH(eHHSi ce Ae3-
3axTHBHpaT, xaTO ce nOtmcrBaT TaBaHTaT, nog BT H
CTeHHTe C BnaHCHH napga.m Him ce H3MHTaT c Bnaxcm
McTJIH H tlencHH.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
3apa3eHa MeCTHOCT ce ge3aHTHBHpa, xaTO ce no-
'tIHCTBaT pagmoaKTHBHHTe BeujeCTBa OT noB'bpXHOCTTa
HAH ce rloxpxsa 3apa3eHaTa McCTHOCT c nJlacT OT
He3apa3eHH MaTeplaJIH. H JjBaTa Hatm na H3HCKBaT
MHOr0 pa6OTa H BpeMe, 3aTOBa ce ge3a1KTHBHpaT CaMO
,OTJjeJIHII ytlaCTmIiH OT McCTHOCTTa, rJ1aBH0 IIpOXOJjHTe
H McCTaTa, HT4 TO ca pa3noJT0>KeHH 6oI3HaTa TexHHKa
H JIH'IHH$IT cIcTaB. TB-bpAH HaCTHJTKH (acd)aJIT,
6eTOH, HIICTH Ha aepOApyMIITe) Cc IIOtTHCTBaT OT
paJ(HOaKTHBHHTe BenjeCTBa tlpe3 H3MHTaHe Ha npaxa
IIJIr1 H3MHBaHe C BoJja. Ha o6HKHOBeHHTe McKH nOXIBH
Tp316Ba ga cc CHeMe rOpHHHT IIJTaCT, KaTO 3a TOBa cc
H3HOJ13yBaT rpefTJjepH (KaKTO rlpHKatIrrl, Tai-ca H
aBTorpeAgepH); cxperrepH H 6yJI9o3epH (4)Hr. 56).
MecTuocTTa mo)xe ga ce ge3aKTHBHpa trpe3 3a-
CHIIBaHe Ha 3apa3eHHH ytlaCTTbK c He3apa3eH IIJIaCT
'OT IIp'bcT HJIH JjpyrH HacTHJIKH.
IIpH onpeJjenxxe o6eMa Ha pa6oTaTa no Jje3aKTH-
BaI;H3ITa Ha meCTHOCTTa Tps16Ba ga ce pa3nojlara c
B'b3MO>KHO HO-TOtIHH JjaHHH 3a pa3MepIITe Ha 3apa-
3eHHH ytlaCT'bK H 3a CTeHeHTa Ha pagHagIDITa B Hero,
oco6eHO B paI3OHa, B KO1 TO ca pa3nOJIOHCeHH BOVICKHTe
HJIH Ha6cJI313aHHTC MapllIPYTH 3a Z[BIISKeHHe. B Ha-
ccJTeHHTe rIyHKTOBe ac4)aJITHpaHHTe H HaBHpaHHTe
yJTHI1H cc JLe3aKTHBHpaT 1qpc3 Cb6HpaHe Ha cMeT-
Ta HO TAX H H3MHBaHeTO HM C BOJjHa CTpy51. Cb6-
paHaTa CMeT Tp56Ba ga cc 3axorae B 3eMATa.
Ilpn OpraHH3aWT ITa Ha Jje3aHTHBaIjHOHHHTC pa-
,60TH TpH6Ba HO B-b3MO>KHOCT, KOJIKOTO nO3BOJISIBa
o6cTaHOBKaTa, ga cc H3H0JI3yBa TaKa HapetreHaTa
CaMOJje3aKTHBarjHH, T. e. HaMaJTHBaHe CTeHeHTa Ha
3apa3SlBaHeTO BCJIeJjCTBHe CaMOBOJIHOTO pa3rlaJjaBe Ha
paJjHOaKTHBHHTe BerljeCTBa.
KaKTO nee cc Ka3a, OCHOBeH Ha1THH 3a 3aH1HTa OT
paJ[HOaKTHBHHTe BecJjeCTBa IIpH JjeHCTBHe B 3apa3eHa
McCTHOCT -e HaMaJIABaHeTO Ha HpeCTOSI B 3apa3eHH31
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
Ouz. 56. MaIHHIIH, xoxro MoraT Aa ce H3non3ysaT 3a Ae3ax-
THHaIWH Ha n7,THn;a H y*IaCT4,I~H OT McCTHOCTra
ytlacri,x H npegOTBpaTHBaHe noriagaxeTO Ha paAHo-
aICTHBHH Ben;ecTBa Blapxy xoHCaza H B opraHH3ma.
CiBpeMem aTa TeXHHxa, ROHTO pa3BHBa ronfMa
CHOpOCT Ha gBHnKeHHe, IIO3BOnsIBa Aa ce Clla3H IITp-
BOTO OT IIOCotieHHTe ycJIOBHSI; BTOpOTO ycnoBHe ce
cna3Ba c H3noJI3yBaxe Ha HHJ HBHgyaJIHHTe cpeR-
CTBa 3a 3auma. HO TaxBB HatIHH, HOraTO 06CTaHOB-
xaTa HaJlara, B pagHoaRTHBHO 3apa3eHa McCTHOCT
MoraT Aa ce BO9HT 6oIhHH AeftCTBHH, 6e3 Ra. ce H3-
BbpHIBaT Ae3aKTHBagHOHHH pa6OTH.
IIpe3 nocneJJIHTe ro HHH HaIIIHTe CYXOHT,THH
BO ICICH, aBHaI;HBTa H C JIOTLT ce o6yqaBaT 3a Bo eHe
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246A038500160001-7
Ha 6oI3HH ReiiCTBHA npH ynoTpe6a Ha aTOMHO op-axcxe
H gpyrH HOBH cpeAcTBa 3a 6op6a. Cbe.gHHeHH5Ta H
LIacTHTe Ha BCHLIKH Bn oBe B Op bweHH cHJIH no-
nyHHxa Heo6xoJHMaTa npaKTHxa npH peuiaBaxeTO Ha
6o HH 3al;auH B cno>KHaTa 3eMHa, B 3JjymHa H
Mopcxa.o6cTaxosxa.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246A038500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
Cera e Tpy,I(HO Jja ce HaMepx TaK'bB IJIOH OT Ha-
pOJjHOTO CTonaHCTBO, mgeTO Jja He MO)xe ija ce H3-
IIOJI3yBaT ij peHHTe H3JrbtIBaHHSi. HanoJI3yBaHeTO Ha
6e.ISI3aHHTe aTOMH, KoeTO ce OCHOBaBa Ha eHeprHSITa
Ha p2JjHOaKTHBHHTe H3JrbLIBaHH3I, e eJjHH OT OCHOBHHTe
H HEI1-TOLIHH HaMHHH 3a H3ciieJjBaHe Ha MHoro Hpo-
IjecH, 'KOHTO HpOTHLIaT B HpxpoJjaTa.
HaytiHHTe OCHOBH Ha XpaHeHeTO Ha paCTeHHHTa H
)KHBOTHHTe ce pa3pa6OTBaT B-B3 OCHOBa Ha noc.ieJj-
HHTe OTHpHTH$I, HaRpaBEF:H c HOMOJ1 Ta Ha pa j iiO-
aKTHBHHTe aTOMH. IIOJjXp2HB2HETO Ha piKeHHe B paJ);HOTeXHHKaTa, T'bIt
KaTO ce OTJIHLIaBaT C BHCOKa CTa6HJIHOCT - Ha pa6o-
TaTa, ghui'OTpaIiHOCT, MaJIKO TerJIO H pa3MepH.
OCBeH Te3H HpHMepH 3a H3HOJI3yBaHeTO Ha H3Jrbil-
BaHH3ITa B HapOAHOTO CTOHaHCTBO TpH6Ba ga ce OT-
6eJlexcaT HOCJieJ[HHTe AOCTH>KeHHSI B o6JTaCTTa Ha
aTOMHaTa eHeprHx. Ha 27 }OHH 1954 rogHHa aTOMHaTa
eJIeHTpOCTaH11H5i, HOCTpOeHa B C'bBeTCKHSI C'L}03,
HTbpsa B CBeTa gage HpOMHHIJIeH TOR. CTP05IT ce
aTOMHH eJIeKTPOCTaH1(HH H B gpyrHTe CTpaHH. I'paH-
AH03HH ca HepCHeKTHBHr'e 3a H3HOJI3YBaHe Ha aTOM-
HaTa exeprHx B TpaHCHOpTa, oCo6eH0 B MOpCKHSI H
Bb3gyIIIHHH.
B HmeCTHH HeTrogHHIeH HJIaH 3a pa3BHTHe Ha HapOA-
HOTO CTOHaHCTBO Ha CCCP Hpe3 1956-1960 roAHHa
e HpeABHgexo 3HatIHTenxo ga ce pa3HIHpH HpI$Jio>Ke-
HHeTO Ha aTOMHaTa eHeprHSI 3a MHpHH 11eMIH. Ha6e-
JIH3aH0 e J;a ce HOCTpOfIT aTOMHH eJIeKTPOCTaH1(HH C
o6H;a MO111HOCT 2---2,5 MJIH. xem, J);a ce 3anoiIHe
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
p8 oTa 3a cM,i;aBane Ha aTOMHH CHJIOBH yCTpOIICTBa
3a TpaacnopTHH ueJm, Aa ce rlocTpoH ne)opa36HBaq
c aTOMeH / BBraTeJJ; BceMepHo Aa ce pa3BHBaT pa-
60THTe 3a no-HaTaTTann;oTO H3noJI3yBaHe Ha pal;Ho-
aKTHBHHTe H3JIBxzBaHHA B IIpoMHIIIJIeHOCTTa, ceJICKOTO
CTOnaHCTBO H MegHI;BHaTa.
B'bnpeKH lie o6pviga ronHMO BHHMaHHe Ha BTbnpo-
CHTe 3a H3nOJI3yBaHeTO Ha.aTOMHaTa eHeprH3I 3a
MHpHH I;eJIH, CT BeTCKHSIT CBIO3 e IIpHHy,i[eH Bce-
MepHo Aa yxpenaa CBOBTa oT6paHHTenxa CIIOCO6HOCT,
3a Ra Moxce ga ocyeTH BC$IKaKBH oIIHTH Ha Bparo-
BCTe Ha MHpa 3a ynOTpe6a Ha aTOMHOTO op'b)KHe.
B HHTepeCHTe Ha 6e30naCHOcTTa Ha poriHaTa
JIH4HHRT C'bcTaB -Ha CI BeTCKHTe B LOp7,3KeHH CHJIH e
E Jrb)uceH ga nposIB%IBa BHCOKa 69HTeJIHOCT, Aa ce
CTpeMH KTaM HOBH yCneXH B 6o uuaTa B IIOJIHTHLIecKaTa
nOArOTOBKa m HenpecTaHHO ga nOBHIIIaBa 6OIiHaTa
rOTOBHOCT Ha BOICKHTe.
STAT
STAT
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
c191P)KAH H E
YBOA . . . . . . . . CT3
I. PBABOaKTBBBOCT . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1. CBeAeHHH 3a cTpoeHCa Ha BeMecTBOTO . . . . . 9
2. PagHoaKTHHHO pa3najjaHe Ha 2TOMHHTe HApa . . . 21
3. 143KyCTBe io npeupvugaHe Ha eJleMeHTnTe . . . . 40
4. JZcJiexxe Ha HApaTa H BepHHma oApexa peaxi{HH 43
5. Aei'icTBHe Ha sApeiHTe H3JTbgBaxxx B'bpxy Be-
IuecTBoTO . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
6. HaqHHH 3a OTKpHBaHe H 143MepBaHe Ha HApeHHTe
H3JI7.MBa}IHH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
U. O6iua aapaITepHCTaaa na aTOMBOTO op-axcae 72
1. ATOMHO op-bxRaa . . . . . . . . . . . 96
1. F Ma-H3JThTIB a Ha upoxxxsaIqua paAHaL og . . 96
2. HeyTpoxxa pajxauxH . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 111
3. 3auAHTa OT npOHHKBau aTa paAHagHSi . . . . . 124
IV. PaaaoaKTKBHo 3apaHHBaae as MecTRoeTTa apa
aTOMea B3pU8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
1. 113TOLIHHIXH Ha H3J bUBaxe B pagHoaKTHBxo 3apa3exa
MecTHocT .. . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . 133
2. XapaKTepHCTHKa Ha H3JI7,gBaHHHTa OT paAHoaKTHB-
HHTe npoJy}TH Ha aTOMHHH B3PHB . . . . . . . 145
3. Oco6eHOCTH Ha paJHoaKTHBHOTO 3apa3HBaHe npH
pa3nHgnH BHAOBe aTOMeH B3PHB . . . . . . . . . 152
4. BJIHHHHe Ha McTeopOJIOTHgHHTe ycjioBHH B'bpxy
cTeneoTa Ha 3apa3HBaHeTo . . . . . . . . . . . 158
5. BxonorogHO AeitCTBHe Ha HApeHHTe H3JI7.vBaHHH 161
213
STAT
STAT
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
~pa3A_ -
V. flpossxBa aRH H
172
same HpH TepMOHRpef B3p$13 . . . . . . . . 172
1. IlpouYKTH Ha TepMogApeHHH B3pxs . . . 174
2. IIpoxxxBaiua paguauxx . ? . . . . . . . 175
3. PaJ~HOaKTHBHO 3apa3xBaHe Ha McCTHOCTTa . .
VI. Ae1CTBHH B paAHOaKTHBHO 3apa3eHa McCTHOCT 179
H 3am;HTa OT pagHoaKKTHBHHTe BeIueCTBa .
1. AeI%CTBHH B McCTHOCT, 3apa3efa c paJjHOaKTHBHH .
BewweCTBa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
2. MepHB 3a 3aIUHTa Ha xopaTa OT paAxoaKTHBHHTe 183
BemecTBa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
3. floneBH AO3HmezpHVHH HpH60pH . . . . .
4. CaHHTapHa o6pa6OTxa . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
5. Ae3aKTHBauH5I Ha xpaHHTenHHTe HpO9YKTH H BOgaTa 197
6. Ae3aKTHBaL IH Ha TexHHKaTa H BbOplb>HeHHeTO . . 201
7. Ae3axTHBaUHx Ha n03I4gHHTe H McCTHocTTa . . . 2205
09
3axnlogeHHe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STAT
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
STAT
A. 14 B aii OB
5IJ1PEHHTE H3II'bLIBAHRft HPH ATOMH1451 B3PHB
Hpenen OT pycUH H. KaUlyKeeu
PeoaKTOP I'. A. T y m a H r e n 0 s
XyAo)HHBK: CT. K C p e 3 o n
XYAO K. peAaITOp : K. M a 1Y c K n
TexH. peAaKTOP: C T. M a H o e
KopexTOP: T. F e o p r k' e H a
NopMar 16' oT 71/100
JII'-III-1956
THpaxc 8000 eK3.
,aaAena 3a neYaT Ha 24. VII. 1957 ron.
143AaTeJICKH KOJIH 8.33 - HeyaTHH KOJIII 14
93A. nopb'HCa N2 1179 - TexH. nopbvKa N2 515
rt Uena 3,35 JIB.
HeyaTHlitla Ha ,ybp)KaBHOTO BoeniiO H3AaTenCTBO H1H MHO
STAT
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/02 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO38500160001-7
g HAY4HO-IIOIIYORPHA BOEHHA 606H E H A
OT HELIAT:
g3JIE3JII3
B3pHB H B3pIBHH aevgecTBa --- OT K. A H A p e e a.
IlpeaoA OT PYcKH. Lena 2,10 nn.
Ha nonynclpe1l e3Hx ce onxcBaT pa3nWlHHTe H,,Ile B3pHBHH Be-
LAeCTBa, KaKTO H Ha4HHHTC 311 TAXHOr) H3,011:;ysaHe H o,iaaBaHe.
ATOMHHHT B3pHB Ha Mope - C6 0 p H H K C T a T H H?
Dena 1,65 nB.
B CTBTHHTC Ca pa3rnenaHH XapaHTepHHTC OCO6eHOCTH Ha aTOMHHR
rspliB Ha Mope. npOTHBOaTOMHaTa 3allIMTa Ha ROpa6NTC H Ha 6peroBHTe
o6CKTH, Ae3aITHHaLLHATa N CaHHrapHLTa oOpa6OTI