Introduction
Background
The United Kingdom has played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and advancing literature and science. At its zenith in the 19th century, the British Empire stretched over one fourth of the earth's surface. After the Empire was dismantled, the UK rebuilt itself into a modern and prosperous European nation. The Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly were established in 1998.
Geography
Area
total: 243,610 sq km
land: 241,930 sq km
water: 1,680 sq km
Climate
temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast
Natural resources
coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, lead, zinc, gold, tin, limestone, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, potash, silica sand, slate, arable land
People and Society
Population
total: 68,459,055
male: 34,005,445
female: 34,453,610 (2024 est.)
Ethnic groups
White 87.2%, Black/African/Caribbean/black British 3%, Asian/Asian British: Indian 2.3%, Asian/Asian British: Pakistani 1.9%, mixed 2%, other 3.7% (2011 est.)
Languages
English
Religions
Christian (includes Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist) 59.5%, Muslim 4.4%, Hindu 1.3%, other 2%, unspecified 7.2%, none 25.7% (2011 est.)
Population growth rate
0.45% (2024 est.)
Government
Government type
parliamentary constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
Capital
name: London
Executive branch
chief of state: King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022)
head of government: Prime Minister Keir STARMER (Labor) (since 5 July 2024)
Legislative branch
description: bicameral Parliament consists of:
House of Lords (membership not fixed; as of December 2023, 784 lords were eligible to participate in the work of the House of Lords - 667 life peers, 91 hereditary peers, and 26 clergy; members are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister and non-party political members recommended by the House of Lords Appointments Commission); note - House of Lords total does not include ineligible members or members on leave of absence
House of Commons (650 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority popular vote to serve 5-year terms unless the House is dissolved earlier)
Economy
Economic overview
high-income, diversified, non-EU European economy; global financial center and dominant service sector; sluggish growth from stringent monetary policy, reduced business investment, low productivity and participation rates, and post-Brexit trade frictions; fiscal austerity in face of high public debtÂ
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$3.187 trillion (2022 est.)
$3.054 trillion (2021 est.)
$2.81 trillion (2020 est.)
Real GDP per capita
$47,600 (2022 est.)
$45,600 (2021 est.)
$41,900 (2020 est.)
Agricultural products
milk, wheat, barley, sugar beets, potatoes, chicken, rapeseed, oats, pork, beef (2022)
Industries
machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, other consumer goods
Exports
$1.024 trillion (2022 est.)
$929.185 billion (2021 est.)
$802.02 billion (2020 est.)
Exports - partners
US 13%, Netherlands 9%, Germany 9%, China 8%, Ireland 7% (2022)
Exports - commodities
gold, cars, gas turbines, crude petroleum, packaged medicine (2022)
Imports
$1.112 trillion (2022 est.)
$933.904 billion (2021 est.)
$786.95 billion (2020 est.)
Imports - partners
China 12%, Germany 10%, US 10%, Norway 8%, Netherlands 5% (2022)
Imports - commodities
natural gas, cars, crude petroleum, gold, garments (2022)
Exchange rates
British pounds (GBP) per US dollar -
Exchange rates:
0.811 (2022 est.)
0.727 (2021 est.)
0.78 (2020 est.)
0.783 (2019 est.)
0.75 (2018 est.)
Page last updated: Wednesday, July 10, 2024
