References
Language Data Codes
ISO 639 is an effort by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to develop a system for representing the names of languages and language groups. This appendix lists the codes for ISO 639-1 consisting of two letter codes and ISO 639-2 consisting of three letter codes. The International Information Centre for Terminology (INFOTERM) is the maintenance authority for ISO 639-1 and the US Library of Congress is the maintenance authority for ISO 639-2. The language codes defined here are used for bibliographic applications. Their use in Internet applications make up an important part of "locale" data as a set of parameters that defines the user’s language and region.
| English name of Language | ISO 639-1 Code | ISO 639-2 Code |
|---|---|---|
| Abkhazian | ab | abk |
| Achinese | - | ace |
| Acoli | - | ach |
| Adangme | - | ada |
| Adyghe; Adygei | - | ady |
| Afar | aa | aar |
| Afrihili | - | afh |
| Afrikaans | af | afr |
| Afro-Asiatic languages | - | afa |
| Ainu | - | ain |
| Akan | ak | aka |
| Akkadian | - | akk |
| Albanian | sq | alb |
| Aleut | - | ale |
| Algonquian languages | - | alg |
| Altaic languages | - | tut |
| Amharic | am | amh |
| Angika | - | anp |
| Apache languages | - | apa |
| Arabic | ar | ara |
| Aragonese | an | arg |
| Arapaho | - | arp |
| Arawak | - | arw |
| Armenian | hy | arm |
| Aromanian; Arumanian; Macedo-Romanian | - | rup |
| Artificial languages | - | art |
| Assamese | as | asm |
| Asturian; Bable; Leonese; Asturleonese | - | ast |
| Athapascan languages | - | ath |
| Australian languages | - | aus |
| Austronesian languages | - | map |
| Avaric | av | ava |
| Avestan | ae | ave |
| Awadhi | - | awa |
| Aymara | ay | aym |
| Azerbaijani | az | aze |
| Balinese | - | ban |
| Baltic languages | - | bat |
| Baluchi | - | bal |
| Bambara | bm | bam |
| Bamileke languages | - | bai |
| Banda languages | - | bad |
| Bantu languages | - | bnt |
| Basa | - | bas |
| Bashkir | ba | bak |
| Basque | eu | baq |
| Batak languages | - | btk |
| Beja; Bedawiyet | - | bej |
| Belarusian | be | bel |
| Bemba | - | bem |
| Bengali | bn | ben |
| Berber languages | - | ber |
| Bhojpuri | - | bho |
| Bihari languages | bh | bih |
| Bikol | - | bik |
| Bini; Edo | - | bin |
| Bislama | bi | bis |
| Blin; Bilin | - | byn |
| Blissymbols; Blissymbolics; Bliss | - | zbl |
| Bokmal, Norwegian; Norwegian Bokmal | nb | nob |
| Bosnian | bs | bos |
| Braj | - | bra |
| Breton | br | bre |
| Buginese | - | bug |
| Bulgarian | bg | bul |
| Buriat | - | bua |
| Burmese | my | bur |
| Caddo | - | cad |
| Catalan; Valencian | ca | cat |
| Caucasian languages | - | cau |
| Cebuano | - | ceb |
| Celtic languages | - | cel |
| Central American Indian languages | - | cai |
| Central Khmer | km | khm |
| Chagatai | - | chg |
| Chamic languages | - | cmc |
| Chamorro | ch | cha |
| Chechen | ce | che |
| Cherokee | - | chr |
| Cheyenne | - | chy |
| Chibcha | - | chb |
| Chichewa; Chewa; Nyanja | ny | nya |
| Chinese | zh | chi |
| Chinook jargon | - | chn |
| Chipewyan; Dene Suline | - | chp |
| Choctaw | - | cho |
| Church Slavic; Old Slavonic; Church Slavonic; Old Bulgarian; Old Church Slavonic | cu | chu |
| Chuukese | - | chk |
| Chuvash | cv | chv |
| Classical Newari; Old Newari; Classical Nepal Bhasa | - | nwc |
| Classical Syriac | - | syc |
| Coptic | - | cop |
| Cornish | kw | cor |
| Corsican | co | cos |
| Cree | cr | cre |
| Creek | - | mus |
| Creoles and pidgins | - | crp |
| Creoles and pidgins, English based | - | cpe |
| Creoles and pidgins, French-based | - | cpf |
| Creoles and pidgins, Portuguese-based | - | cpp |
| Crimean Tatar; Crimean Turkish | - | crh |
| Croatian | hr | hrv |
| Cushitic languages | - | cus |
| Czech | cs | cze |
| Dakota | - | dak |
| Danish | da | dan |
| Dargwa | - | dar |
| Delaware | - | del |
| Dinka | - | din |
| Divehi; Dhivehi; Maldivian | dv | div |
| Dogri | - | doi |
| Dogrib | - | dgr |
| Dravidian languages | - | dra |
| Duala | - | dua |
| Dutch, Middle (ca.1050-1350) | - | dum |
| Dutch; Flemish | nl | dut |
| Dyula | - | dyu |
| Dzongkha | dz | dzo |
| Eastern Frisian | - | frs |
| Efik | - | efi |
| Egyptian (Ancient) | - | egy |
| Ekajuk | - | eka |
| Elamite | - | elx |
| English | en | eng |
| English, Middle (1100-1500) | - | enm |
| English, Old (ca.450-1100) | - | ang |
| Erzya | - | myv |
| Esperanto | eo | epo |
| Estonian | et | est |
| Ewe | ee | ewe |
| Ewondo | - | ewo |
| Fang | - | fan |
| Fanti | - | fat |
| Faroese | fo | fao |
| Fijian | fj | fij |
| Filipino; Pilipino | - | fil |
| Finnish | fi | fin |
| Finno-Ugrian languages | - | fiu |
| Fon | - | fon |
| French | fr | fre |
| French, Middle (ca.1400-1600) | - | frm |
| French, Old (842-ca.1400) | - | fro |
| Friulian | - | fur |
| Fulah | ff | ful |
| Ga | - | gaa |
| Gaelic; Scottish Gaelic | gd | gla |
| Galibi Carib | - | car |
| Galician | gl | glg |
| Ganda | lg | lug |
| Gayo | - | gay |
| Gbaya | - | gba |
| Geez | - | gez |
| Georgian | ka | geo |
| German | de | ger |
| German, Middle High (ca.1050-1500) | - | gmh |
| German, Old High (ca.750-1050) | - | goh |
| Germanic languages | - | gem |
| Gilbertese | - | gil |
| Gondi | - | gon |
| Gorontalo | - | gor |
| Gothic | - | got |
| Grebo | - | grb |
| Greek, Ancient (to 1453) | - | grc |
| Greek, Modern (1453-) | el | gre |
| Guarani | gn | grn |
| Gujarati | gu | guj |
| Gwich'in | - | gwi |
| Haida | - | hai |
| Haitian; Haitian Creole | ht | hat |
| Hausa | ha | hau |
| Hawaiian | - | haw |
| Hebrew | he | heb |
| Herero | hz | her |
| Hiligaynon | - | hil |
| Himachali languages; Western Pahari languages | - | him |
| Hindi | hi | hin |
| Hiri Motu | ho | hmo |
| Hittite | - | hit |
| Hmong; Mong | - | hmn |
| Hungarian | hu | hun |
| Hupa | - | hup |
| Iban | - | iba |
| Icelandic | is | ice |
| Ido | io | ido |
| Igbo | ig | ibo |
| Ijo languages | - | ijo |
| Iloko | - | ilo |
| Inari Sami | - | smn |
| Indic languages | - | inc |
| Indo-European languages | - | ine |
| Indonesian | id | ind |
| Ingush | - | inh |
| Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association) | ia | ina |
| Interlingue; Occidental | ie | ile |
| Inuktitut | iu | iku |
| Inupiaq | ik | ipk |
| Iranian languages | - | ira |
| Irish | ga | gle |
| Irish, Middle (900-1200) | - | mga |
| Irish, Old (to 900) | - | sga |
| Iroquoian languages | - | iro |
| Italian | it | ita |
| Japanese | ja | jpn |
| Javanese | jv | jav |
| Judeo-Arabic | - | jrb |
| Judeo-Persian | - | jpr |
| Kabardian | - | kbd |
| Kabyle | - | kab |
| Kachin; Jingpho | - | kac |
| Kalaallisut; Greenlandic | kl | kal |
| Kalmyk; Oirat | - | xal |
| Kamba | - | kam |
| Kannada | kn | kan |
| Kanuri | kr | kau |
| Kara-Kalpak | - | kaa |
| Karachay-Balkar | - | krc |
| Karelian | - | krl |
| Karen languages | - | kar |
| Kashmiri | ks | kas |
| Kashubian | - | csb |
| Kawi | - | kaw |
| Kazakh | kk | kaz |
| Khasi | - | kha |
| Khoisan languages | - | khi |
| Khotanese; Sakan | - | kho |
| Kikuyu; Gikuyu | ki | kik |
| Kimbundu | - | kmb |
| Kinyarwanda | rw | kin |
| Kirghiz; Kyrgyz | ky | kir |
| Klingon; tlhIngan-Hol | - | tlh |
| Komi | kv | kom |
| Kongo | kg | kon |
| Konkani | - | kok |
| Korean | ko | kor |
| Kosraean | - | kos |
| Kpelle | - | kpe |
| Kru languages | - | kro |
| Kuanyama; Kwanyama | kj | kua |
| Kumyk | - | kum |
| Kurdish | ku | kur |
| Kurukh | - | kru |
| Kutenai | - | kut |
| Ladino | - | lad |
| Lahnda | - | lah |
| Lamba | - | lam |
| Land Dayak languages | - | day |
| Lao | lo | lao |
| Latin | la | lat |
| Latvian | lv | lav |
| Lezghian | - | lez |
| Limburgan; Limburger; Limburgish | li | lim |
| Lingala | ln | lin |
| Lithuanian | lt | lit |
| Lojban | - | jbo |
| Low German; Low Saxon; German, Low; Saxon, Low | - | nds |
| Lower Sorbian | - | dsb |
| Lozi | - | loz |
| Luba-Katanga | lu | lub |
| Luba-Lulua | - | lua |
| Luiseno | - | lui |
| Lule Sami | - | smj |
| Lunda | - | lun |
| Luo (Kenya and Tanzania) | - | luo |
| Lushai | - | lus |
| Luxembourgish; Letzeburgesch | lb | ltz |
| Macedonian | mk | mac |
| Madurese | - | mad |
| Magahi | - | mag |
| Maithili | - | mai |
| Makasar | - | mak |
| Malagasy | mg | mlg |
| Malay | ms | may |
| Malayalam | ml | mal |
| Maltese | mt | mlt |
| Manchu | - | mnc |
| Mandar | - | mdr |
| Mandingo | - | man |
| Manipuri | - | mni |
| Manobo languages | - | mno |
| Manx | gv | glv |
| Maori | mi | mao |
| Mapudungun; Mapuche | - | arn |
| Marathi | mr | mar |
| Mari | - | chm |
| Marshallese | mh | mah |
| Marwari | - | mwr |
| Masai | - | mas |
| Mayan languages | - | myn |
| Mende | - | men |
| Mi'kmaq; Micmac | - | mic |
| Minangkabau | - | min |
| Mirandese | - | mwl |
| Mohawk | - | moh |
| Moksha | - | mdf |
| Mon-Khmer languages | - | mkh |
| Mongo | - | lol |
| Mongolian | mn | mon |
| Montenegrin | - | cnr |
| Mossi | - | mos |
| Multiple languages | - | mul |
| Munda languages | - | mun |
| N'Ko | - | nqo |
| Nahuatl languages | - | nah |
| Nauru | na | nau |
| Navajo; Navaho | nv | nav |
| Ndebele, North; North Ndebele | nd | nde |
| Ndebele, South; South Ndebele | nr | nbl |
| Ndonga | ng | ndo |
| Neapolitan | - | nap |
| Nepal Bhasa; Newari | - | new |
| Nepali | ne | nep |
| Nias | - | nia |
| Niger-Kordofanian languages | - | nic |
| Nilo-Saharan languages | - | ssa |
| Niuean | - | niu |
| No linguistic content; Not applicable | - | zxx |
| Nogai | - | nog |
| Norse, Old | - | non |
| North American Indian languages | - | nai |
| Northern Frisian | - | frr |
| Northern Sami | se | sme |
| Norwegian | no | nor |
| Norwegian Nynorsk; Nynorsk, Norwegian | nn | nno |
| Nubian languages | - | nub |
| Nyamwezi | - | nym |
| Nyankole | - | nyn |
| Nyoro | - | nyo |
| Nzima | - | nzi |
| Occitan (post 1500) | oc | oci |
| Official Aramaic (700-300 BCE); Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE) | - | arc |
| Ojibwa | oj | oji |
| Oriya | or | ori |
| Oromo | om | orm |
| Osage | - | osa |
| Ossetian; Ossetic | os | oss |
| Otomian languages | - | oto |
| Pahlavi | - | pal |
| Palauan | - | pau |
| Pali | pi | pli |
| Pampanga; Kapampangan | - | pam |
| Pangasinan | - | pag |
| Panjabi; Punjabi | pa | pan |
| Papiamento | - | pap |
| Papuan languages | - | paa |
| Pedi; Sepedi; Northern Sotho | - | nso |
| Persian | fa | per |
| Persian, Old (ca.600-400 B.C.) | - | peo |
| Philippine languages | - | phi |
| Phoenician | - | phn |
| Pohnpeian | - | pon |
| Polish | pl | pol |
| Portuguese | pt | por |
| Prakrit languages | - | pra |
| Provencal, Old (to 1500);Occitan, Old (to 1500) | - | pro |
| Pushto; Pashto | ps | pus |
| Quechua | qu | que |
| Rajasthani | - | raj |
| Rapanui | - | rap |
| Rarotongan; Cook Islands Maori | - | rar |
| Reserved for local use | - | qaa-qtz |
| Romance languages | - | roa |
| Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan | ro | rum |
| Romansh | rm | roh |
| Romany | - | rom |
| Rundi | rn | run |
| Russian | ru | rus |
| Salishan languages | - | sal |
| Samaritan Aramaic | - | sam |
| Sami languages | - | smi |
| Samoan | sm | smo |
| Sandawe | - | sad |
| Sango | sg | sag |
| Sanskrit | sa | san |
| Santali | - | sat |
| Sardinian | sc | srd |
| Sasak | - | sas |
| Scots | - | sco |
| Selkup | - | sel |
| Semitic languages | - | sem |
| Serbian | sr | srp |
| Serer | - | srr |
| Shan | - | shn |
| Shona | sn | sna |
| Sichuan Yi; Nuosu | ii | iii |
| Sicilian | - | scn |
| Sidamo | - | sid |
| Sign Languages | - | sgn |
| Siksika | - | bla |
| Sindhi | sd | snd |
| Sinhala; Sinhalese | si | sin |
| Sino-Tibetan languages | - | sit |
| Siouan languages | - | sio |
| Skolt Sami | - | sms |
| Slave (Athapascan) | - | den |
| Slavic languages | - | sla |
| Slovak | sk | slo |
| Slovenian | sl | slv |
| Sogdian | - | sog |
| Somali | so | som |
| Songhai languages | - | son |
| Soninke | - | snk |
| Sorbian languages | - | wen |
| Sotho, Southern | st | sot |
| South American Indian languages | - | sai |
| Southern Altai | - | alt |
| Southern Sami | - | sma |
| Spanish; Castilian | es | spa |
| Sranan Tongo | - | srn |
| Standard Moroccan Tamazight | - | zgh |
| Sukuma | - | suk |
| Sumerian | - | sux |
| Sundanese | su | sun |
| Susu | - | sus |
| Swahili | sw | swa |
| Swati | ss | ssw |
| Swedish | sv | swe |
| Swiss German; Alemannic; Alsatian | - | gsw |
| Syriac | - | syr |
| Tagalog | tl | tgl |
| Tahitian | ty | tah |
| Tai languages | - | tai |
| Tajik | tg | tgk |
| Tamashek | - | tmh |
| Tamil | ta | tam |
| Tatar | tt | tat |
| Telugu | te | tel |
| Tereno | - | ter |
| Tetum | - | tet |
| Thai | th | tha |
| Tibetan | bo | tib |
| Tigre | - | tig |
| Tigrinya | ti | tir |
| Timne | - | tem |
| Tiv | - | tiv |
| Tlingit | - | tli |
| Tok Pisin | - | tpi |
| Tokelau | - | tkl |
| Tonga (Nyasa) | - | tog |
| Tonga (Tonga Islands) | to | ton |
| Tsimshian | - | tsi |
| Tsonga | ts | tso |
| Tswana | tn | tsn |
| Tumbuka | - | tum |
| Tupi languages | - | tup |
| Turkish | tr | tur |
| Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) | - | ota |
| Turkmen | tk | tuk |
| Tuvalu | - | tvl |
| Tuvinian | - | tyv |
| Twi | tw | twi |
| Udmurt | - | udm |
| Ugaritic | - | uga |
| Uighur; Uyghur | ug | uig |
| Ukrainian | uk | ukr |
| Umbundu | - | umb |
| Uncoded languages | - | mis |
| Undetermined | - | und |
| Upper Sorbian | - | hsb |
| Urdu | ur | urd |
| Uzbek | uz | uzb |
| Vai | - | vai |
| Venda | ve | ven |
| Vietnamese | vi | vie |
| Volapuk | vo | vol |
| Votic | - | vot |
| Wakashan languages | - | wak |
| Walloon | wa | wln |
| Waray | - | war |
| Washo | - | was |
| Welsh | cy | wel |
| Western Frisian | fy | fry |
| Wolaitta; Wolaytta | - | wal |
| Wolof | wo | wol |
| Xhosa | xh | xho |
| Yakut | - | sah |
| Yao | - | yao |
| Yapese | - | yap |
| Yiddish | yi | yid |
| Yoruba | yo | yor |
| Yupik languages | - | ypk |
| Zande languages | - | znd |
| Zapotec | - | zap |
| Zaza; Dimili; Dimli; Kirdki; Kirmanjki; Zazaki | - | zza |
| Zenaga | - | zen |
| Zhuang; Chuang | za | zha |
| Zulu | zu | zul |
| Zuni | - | zun |