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Public debt
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This entry records the cumulative total of all government borrowings less repayments that are denominated in a country's home currency. Public debt should not be confused with external debt, which reflects the foreign currency liabilities of both the private and public sector and must be financed out of foreign exchange earnings.
Afghanistan
7% of GDP (2017 est.)7.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Algeria
27.5% of GDP (2017 est.)20.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt
American Samoa
12.2% of GDP (2016 est.)Andorra
41% of GDP (2014 est.)41.4% of GDP (2013 est.)
Angola
65% of GDP (2017 est.)75.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Anguilla
20.1% of GDP (2015 est.)20.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda
86.8% of GDP (2017 est.)86.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Argentina
57.6% of GDP (2017 est.)55% of GDP (2016 est.)
Armenia
63.4% of GDP (2020 est.)50.03% of GDP (2019 est.)
Aruba
86% of GDP (2017 est.)84.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Austria
99.91% of GDP (2020 est.)83.05% of GDP (2019 est.)
84.16% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: this is general government gross debt, defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year; it covers the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; as a percentage of GDP, the GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product in current year prices
Azerbaijan
54.1% of GDP (2017 est.)50.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Bahrain
88.5% of GDP (2017 est.)81.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Bangladesh
33.1% of GDP (2017 est.)33.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Barbados
146.93% of GDP (2016 est.)149.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Belgium
119.43% of GDP (2020 est.)103.38% of GDP (2019 est.)
101.39% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; general government debt is defined by the Maastricht definition and calculated by the National Bank of Belgium as consolidated gross debt; the debt is defined in European Regulation EC479/2009 concerning the implementation of the protocol on the excessive deficit procedure annexed to the Treaty on European Union (Treaty of Maastricht) of 7 February 1992; the sub-sectors of consolidated gross debt are: federal government, communities and regions, local government, and social security funds
Belize
99% of GDP (2017 est.)95.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Benin
54.6% of GDP (2017 est.)49.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Bermuda
43% of GDP (FY14/15)Bolivia
49% of GDP (2017 est.)44.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and includes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities
Bosnia and Herzegovina
46.05% of GDP (2020 est.)44.63% of GDP (2019 est.)
45.56% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions.
Brunei
2.8% of GDP (2017 est.)3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Bulgaria
32.24% of GDP (2020 est.)26.92% of GDP (2019 est.)
28.69% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds
Burma
33.6% of GDP (2017 est.)35.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Burundi
51.7% of GDP (2017 est.)48.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Cabo Verde
125.8% of GDP (2017 est.)127.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Cambodia
30.4% of GDP (2017 est.)29.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Cameroon
36.9% of GDP (2017 est.)32.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Canada
72.09% of GDP (2020 est.)48.01% of GDP (2019 est.)
48.18% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: figures are for gross general government debt, as opposed to net federal debt; gross general government debt includes both intragovernmental debt and the debt of public entities at the sub-national level
Central African Republic
52.9% of GDP (2017 est.)56% of GDP (2016 est.)
Chad
52.5% of GDP (2017 est.)52.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Chile
23.6% of GDP (2017 est.)21% of GDP (2016 est.)
China
47% of GDP (2017 est.)44.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: official data; data cover both central and local government debt, including debt officially recognized by China's National Audit Office report in 2011; data exclude policy bank bonds, Ministry of Railway debt, and China Asset Management Company debt
Colombia
90.4% of GDP (2020 est.)72.7% of GDP (2019 est.)
71.65% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities
Comoros
32.4% of GDP (2017 est.)27.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
18.1% of GDP (2017 est.)19.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Congo, Republic of the
130.8% of GDP (2017 est.)128.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Costa Rica
48.9% of GDP (2017 est.)44.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire
47% of GDP (2017 est.)47% of GDP (2016 est.)
Cuba
47.7% of GDP (2017 est.)42.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Curacao
33.2% of GDP (2012 est.)40.6% of GDP (2011 est.)
Cyprus
97.5% of GDP (2017 est.)106.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment
Czechia
34.7% of GDP (2017 est.)36.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Denmark
35.3% of GDP (2017 est.)37.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Djibouti
31.8% of GDP (2017 est.)33.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Dominica
82.7% of GDP (2017 est.)71.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Dominican Republic
37.2% of GDP (2017 est.)34.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Ecuador
45.4% of GDP (2017 est.)43.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Egypt
103% of GDP (2017 est.)96.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data cover central government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions
El Salvador
71.41% of GDP (2020 est.)53.88% of GDP (2019 est.)
52.21% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: El Salvador's total public debt includes non-financial public sector debt, financial public sector debt, and central bank debt
Equatorial Guinea
37.4% of GDP (2017 est.)43.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Eritrea
131.2% of GDP (2017 est.)132.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Estonia
23.77% of GDP (2020 est.)14.05% of GDP (2019 est.)
13.46% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds
Eswatini
28.4% of GDP (2017 est.)25.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
European Union
86.8% of GDP (2014)85.5% of GDP (2013)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
0% of GDP (2015 est.)Faroe Islands
35% of GDP (2014 est.)Fiji
48.9% of GDP (2017 est.)47.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Finland
61.3% of GDP (2017 est.)62.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
France
123.01% of GDP (2020 est.)104.99% of GDP (2019 est.)
101.62% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Gabon
62.7% of GDP (2017 est.)64.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Gambia, The
88% of GDP (2017 est.)82.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Georgia
65.88% of GDP (2020 est.)45.15% of GDP (2019 est.)
38.89% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities; Georgia does not maintain intragovernmental debt or social funds
Germany
63.9% of GDP (2017 est.)67.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; the series are presented as a percentage of GDP and in millions of euros; GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product at current market prices; data expressed in national currency are converted into euro using end-of-year exchange rates provided by the European Central Bank
Ghana
71.8% of GDP (2017 est.)73.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Gibraltar
7.5% of GDP (2008 est.)8.4% of GDP (2006 est.)
Greenland
13% of GDP (2015 est.)Grenada
70.4% of GDP (2017 est.)82% of GDP (2016 est.)
Guam
22.1% of GDP (2016 est.)32.1% of GDP (2013)
Guinea
37.9% of GDP (2017 est.)41.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Guinea-Bissau
53.9% of GDP (2017 est.)57.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Guyana
52.2% of GDP (2017 est.)50.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Haiti
31.1% of GDP (2017 est.)33.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Honduras
39.5% of GDP (2017 est.)38.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Hong Kong
0.1% of GDP (2017 est.)0.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Hungary
96.11% of GDP (2020 est.)83.29% of GDP (2019 est.)
86.55% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and national, state, and local government and social security funds.
India
46.52% of GDP (2018 est.)47.58% of GDP (2017 est.)
47.63% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data cover central government debt, and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Ireland
71.58% of GDP (2020 est.)69.7% of GDP (2019 est.)
75.19% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Italy
131.8% of GDP (2017 est.)132% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: Italy reports its data on public debt according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty; general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year, in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises central, state, and local government and social security funds
Jordan
75.14% of GDP (2020 est.)78.48% of GDP (2019 est.)
75.38% of GDP (2017 est.)
note: data cover central government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Kenya
54.2% of GDP (2017 est.)53.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Kiribati
26.3% of GDP (2017 est.)22.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Kosovo
21.2% of GDP (2017 est.)19.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Kuwait
20.6% of GDP (2017 est.)9.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Laos
63.6% of GDP (2017 est.)58.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Latvia
36.3% of GDP (2017 est.)37.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds
Lebanon
146.8% of GDP (2017 est.)145.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data cover central government debt and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment
Lesotho
33.7% of GDP (2017 est.)36.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Liberia
34.4% of GDP (2017 est.)28.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Libya
4.7% of GDP (2017 est.)7.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Lithuania
53.28% of GDP (2020 est.)42.66% of GDP (2019 est.)
39% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions
Luxembourg
23% of GDP (2017 est.)20.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Macau
0% of GDP (2017 est.)0% of GDP (2016 est.)
Madagascar
36% of GDP (2017 est.)38.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Malaysia
62.03% of GDP (2020 est.)52.42% of GDP (2019 est.)
51.19% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: this figure is based on the amount of federal government debt, RM501.6 billion ($167.2 billion) in 2012; this includes Malaysian Treasury bills and other government securities, as well as loans raised externally and bonds and notes issued overseas; this figure excludes debt issued by non-financial public enterprises and guaranteed by the federal government, which was an additional $47.7 billion in 2012
Maldives
63.9% of GDP (2017 est.)61.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Mali
35.4% of GDP (2017 est.)36% of GDP (2016 est.)
Malta
50.7% of GDP (2017 est.)56.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: Malta reports public debt at nominal value outstanding at the end of the year, according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty for general government gross debt; the data include the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); general government comprises the central, state, and local governments, and social security funds
Mauritania
96.6% of GDP (2017 est.)100% of GDP (2016 est.)
Mexico
54.3% of GDP (2017 est.)56.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of
25.4% of GDP (2020 est.)23.1% of GDP (2019 est.)
23.11% of GDP (2018 est.)
Montenegro
67.2% of GDP (2017 est.)66.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Morocco
65.1% of GDP (2017 est.)64.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Nauru
62% of GDP (2017 est.)65% of GDP (2016 est.)
Nepal
39.05% of GDP (2020 est.)31.78% of GDP (2019 est.)
Netherlands
56.5% of GDP (2017 est.)61.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
New Caledonia
6.5% of GDP (2015 est.)6.5% of GDP (2014 est.)
Nicaragua
33.3% of GDP (2017 est.)31.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; Nicaragua rebased its GDP figures in 2012, which reduced the figures for debt as a percentage of GDP
Niger
45.3% of GDP (2017 est.)45.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Nigeria
21.8% of GDP (2017 est.)19.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
North Macedonia
39.3% of GDP (2017 est.)39.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: official data from Ministry of Finance; data cover central government debt; this data excludes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; includes treasury debt held by foreign entitites; excludes debt issued by sub-national entities; there are no debt instruments sold for social funds
Northern Mariana Islands
7.1% of GDP (2017 est.)Norway
36.5% of GDP (2017 est.)36.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Oman
46.9% of GDP (2017 est.)32.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: excludes indebtedness of state-owned enterprises
Pakistan
67% of GDP (2017 est.)67.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Panama
37.8% of GDP (2017 est.)37.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Paraguay
19.5% of GDP (2017 est.)18.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Peru
34.67% of GDP (2020 est.)26.54% of GDP (2019 est.)
25.7% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities
Philippines
39.9% of GDP (2017 est.)39% of GDP (2016 est.)
Poland
50.6% of GDP (2017 est.)54.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, the data include subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Portugal
125.7% of GDP (2017 est.)129.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Puerto Rico
51.6% of GDP (2017 est.)50.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Qatar
53.8% of GDP (2017 est.)46.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Romania
57.11% of GDP (2020 est.)43.21% of GDP (2019 est.)
42.56% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds
Russia
23.05% of GDP (2020 est.)17.28% of GDP (2019 est.)
16.17% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Rwanda
40.5% of GDP (2017 est.)37.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
62.9% of GDP (2017 est.)61.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Saint Lucia
70.7% of GDP (2017 est.)69.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
73.8% of GDP (2017 est.)82.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Samoa
49.1% of GDP (2017 est.)52.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe
88.4% of GDP (2017 est.)93.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Saudi Arabia
17.2% of GDP (2017 est.)13.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Senegal
48.3% of GDP (2017 est.)47.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Serbia
62.5% of GDP (2017 est.)73.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Seychelles
63.6% of GDP (2017 est.)69.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Sierra Leone
63.9% of GDP (2017 est.)54.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Singapore
153.41% of GDP (2020 est.)128.31% of GDP (2019 est.)
110.73% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: Singapore's public debt consists largely of Singapore Government Securities (SGS) issued to assist the Central Provident Fund (CPF), which administers Singapore's defined contribution pension fund; special issues of SGS are held by the CPF, and are non-tradable; the government has not borrowed to finance deficit expenditures since the 1980s; Singapore has no external public debt
Slovakia
77.36% of GDP (2020 est.)61.99% of GDP (2019 est.)
62.29% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general Government Gross Debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities, including sub-sectors of central, state, local government, and social security funds
Slovenia
73.6% of GDP (2017 est.)78.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the central, state, local government, and social security funds
Somalia
76.7% of GDP (2017 est.)93% of GDP (2014 est.)
South Africa
53% of GDP (2017 est.)51.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
South Sudan
62.7% of GDP (2017 est.)86.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Sri Lanka
79.1% of GDP (2017 est.)79.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: covers central government debt and excludes debt instruments directly owned by government entities other than the treasury (e.g. commercial bank borrowings of a government corporation); the data includes treasury debt held by foreign entities as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement; sub-national entities are usually not permitted to sell debt instruments
Sudan
121.6% of GDP (2017 est.)99.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Suriname
69.3% of GDP (2017 est.)75.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Sweden
44% of GDP (2020 est.)38.69% of GDP (2019 est.)
42.28% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Switzerland
20.91% of GDP (2020 est.)18.95% of GDP (2019 est.)
18.68% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: general government gross debt; gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future; includes debt liabilities in the form of Special Drawing Rights, currency and deposits, debt securities, loans, insurance, pensions and standardized guarantee schemes, and other accounts payable; all liabilities in the Government Financial Systems Manual 2001 system are debt, except for equity and investment fund shares and financial derivatives and employee stock options
Syria
94.8% of GDP (2017 est.)91.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Tajikistan
50.4% of GDP (2017 est.)42% of GDP (2016 est.)
Tanzania
37% of GDP (2017 est.)38% of GDP (2016 est.)
Thailand
50.4% of GDP (2020 est.)40.13% of GDP (2019 est.)
39.25% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions
Timor-Leste
3.8% of GDP (2017 est.)3.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Togo
75.7% of GDP (2017 est.)81.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Tonga
49.41% of GDP (2016 est.)51.8% of GDP (FY2016 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago
41.8% of GDP (2017 est.)37% of GDP (2016 est.)
Tunisia
70.3% of GDP (2017 est.)62.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Turkmenistan
28.8% of GDP (2017 est.)24.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Tuvalu
37% of GDP (2017 est.)47.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Ukraine
58.72% of GDP (2020 est.)48.33% of GDP (2019 est.)
56.91% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: the total public debt of $64.5 billion consists of: domestic public debt ($23.8 billion); external public debt ($26.1 billion); and sovereign guarantees ($14.6 billion)
United Arab Emirates
19.7% of GDP (2017 est.)20.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
United Kingdom
195.39% of GDP (2020 est.)160.02% of GDP (2019 est.)
157.8% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
United States
126.39% of GDP (2020 est.)100.9% of GDP (2019 est.)
99.15% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover only what the United States Treasury denotes as "Debt Held by the Public," which includes all debt instruments issued by the Treasury that are owned by non-US Government entities; the data include Treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by individual US states, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of Treasury borrowings from surpluses in the trusts for Federal Social Security, Federal Employees, Hospital and Supplemental Medical Insurance (Medicare), Disability and Unemployment, and several other smaller trusts; if data for intragovernment debt were added, "gross debt" would increase by about one-third of GDP
Uruguay
60.4% of GDP (2020 est.)50.94% of GDP (2019 est.)
47.95% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions.
Uzbekistan
24.3% of GDP (2017 est.)10.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Vanuatu
48.4% of GDP (2017 est.)46.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Venezuela
38.9% of GDP (2017 est.)31.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data cover central government debt, as well as the debt of state-owned oil company PDVSA; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include some debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; some debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions
Vietnam
58.5% of GDP (2017 est.)59.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Virgin Islands
53.3% of GDP (2016 est.)45.9% of GDP (2014 est.)
Wallis and Futuna
5.6% of GDP (2004 est.)note: offical data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
West Bank
24.4% of GDP (2014 est.)23.8% of GDP (2013 est.)
World
67.2% of GDP (2017 est.)67.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Yemen
74.5% of GDP (2017 est.)68.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Zimbabwe
82.3% of GDP (2017 est.)69.9% of GDP (2016 est.)