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Nuclear energy

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This field describes nuclear energy used for production of electricity. The information covers all countries with operational nuclear reactors used to produce electricity; the information does not include research reactors. Subfields include the current number of operational nuclear reactors, the number of nuclear reactors under construction, the net capacity of operational nuclear reactors expressed in gigawatts (GW), the percent of total electricity production from nuclear energy, the percent of total energy produced from nuclear energy, and the number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down. Watts are a measure of power, describing the rate at which electricity is being used at a specific moment. A gigawatt is 1 billion watts.

Argentina

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 3 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 1

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 1.64GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 7.2% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 3.6% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 0

Armenia

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 1 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 0.42GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 25.3% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 52.3% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 0

Bangladesh

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 0

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 2 (2023)

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 0GW

Percent of total electricity production: 0%

Percent of total energy produced: 0%

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 0

Belarus

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 2 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 2.22GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 14.1% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 40.8% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 0

Belgium

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 5 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 3.93GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 50.8% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 71% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 2

Brazil

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 2 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 1

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 1.88GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 2.5% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 1% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 0

Bulgaria

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 2 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 2.01GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 34.6% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 40% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 2

Canada

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 19 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 13.62GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 15% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 4% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 2

China

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 55 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 21

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 53.18GW (2021)

Percent of total electricity production: 5.02% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 3% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 0

Czechia

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 6 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 3.93GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 36.7% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 38.3% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 0

Egypt

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 0

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 3 (2023)

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 0GW

Percent of total electricity production: 0%

Percent of total energy produced: 0%

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 0

Finland

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 5 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 4.39GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 32.8% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 41.3% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 0

France

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 56 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 1

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 61.37GW (2021)

Percent of total electricity production: 70% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 77% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 6

Germany

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 0

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 0GW

Percent of total electricity production: 0%

Percent of total energy produced: 0%

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 33

Hungary

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 4 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 1.92GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 46.8% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 44% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 0

India

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 19 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 8

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 6.29GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 3% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 2.7% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 0

Iran

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 1 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 1

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 0.92GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 0.1% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 0.19% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 0

Italy

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 0

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 0GW

Percent of total electricity production: 0%

Percent of total energy produced: 0%

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 4

Japan

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 10 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 2

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 9.49GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 7% (2018)

Percent of total energy produced: 24% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 17

Kazakhstan

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 0

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 0GW

Percent of total electricity production: 0%

Percent of total energy produced: 0%

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 1

Korea, South

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 25 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 3

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 24.49GW (2021)

Percent of total electricity production: 27.4% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 76.5% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 2

Lithuania

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 0

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 0GW

Percent of total electricity production: 0%

Percent of total energy produced: 0%

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 2

Mexico

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 2 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 1.55GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 5.3% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 1.9% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 0

Netherlands

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 1 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 0.48GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 3.1% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 3% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 0

Pakistan

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 6 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 3.26GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 10.6% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 8.7% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 0

Romania

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 2 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 1.3GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 18.5% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 12.9% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 0

Russia

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 37 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 3

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 27.73GW (2021)

Percent of total electricity production: 20.7% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 3.6% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 4

Slovakia

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 5 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 1

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 2.31GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 52.3% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 70.4% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 1

Slovenia

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 1 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 0.69GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 36.9% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 40.6% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 0

South Africa

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 2 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 1.85GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 6% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 2.3% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 0

Spain

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 7 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 7.12GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 21.38% (2016)

Percent of total energy produced: 33.2% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 1

Sweden

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 6 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 6.94GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 30.8% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 34% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 4

Switzerland

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 4 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 2.97GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 28.8% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 34.2% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 1

Taiwan

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 2 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 1.87GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 11% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 63.9% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 2

Turkey (Turkiye)

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 0

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 4 (2023)

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 0GW

Percent of total electricity production: 0%

Percent of total energy produced: 0%

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 0

Ukraine

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 15 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 2

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 13.11GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 53.9% (2019)

Percent of total energy produced: 37% (2021)

note - This information does not take into account the effects from the current conflict in Ukraine and should be considered the prewar status

United Arab Emirates

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 3 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 1

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 4.01GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 1.3% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 0.17% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 0

United Kingdom

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 9 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 2

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 5.88GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 14.8% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 8% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 8

United States

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 93 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 1

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 95.83GW (2021)

Percent of total electricity production: 20% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 8.2% (2021)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 20

note: The US has the World's largest nuclear energy program with 26% of the World's net capacity of nuclear reactors

World

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 410 (2023)

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 57

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 368.61GW (2023)

Percent of total electricity production: 10% (2021)

Percent of total energy produced: 4.6% (2021)

note:  Three countries, the US, France, and China, have 57% of the World's net capacity of operational nuclear reactors