Introduction
Background
The huge delta region formed at the confluence of the Ganges and Brahmaputra River systems - now referred to as Bangladesh - was a loosely incorporated outpost of various empires for much of the first millennium A.D. The Bengali independence movement, led by the Awami League (AL) and supported by India, won independence for Bangladesh in 1971.
Geography
Area
total: 148,460 sq km
land: 130,170 sq km
water: 18,290 sq km
Climate
tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October)
Natural resources
natural gas, arable land, timber, coal
People and Society
Population
167,184,465 (2023 est.)
Ethnic groups
Bengali at least 98.9%, other indigenous ethnic groups 1.1% (2011 est.)
Languages
Bangla 98.8% (official, also known as Bengali), other 1.2% (2011 est.)
Religions
Muslim 88.4%, other 11.6% (2020 est.)
Population growth rate
0.91% (2023 est.)
Government
Government type
parliamentary republic
Capital
name: Dhaka
Executive branch
chief of state: President Mohammad Shahabuddin CHUPPI (since 24 April 2023)
head of government: Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA Wazed (since 6 January 2009)
Legislative branch
description: unicameral House of the Nation or Jatiya Sangsad (350 seats; 300 members in single-seat territorial constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote; 50 members - reserved for women only - indirectly elected by the House of the Nation membership by proportional representation vote using single transferable vote method; all members serve 5-year terms)
Economy
Economic overview
one of the fastest growing economies; significant poverty reduction; COVID-19 adversely impacted female labor force participation and undermined previously stable financial conditions; looking to diversify beyond clothing industry; fairly low government debt; new taxation law struggling to increase government revenues
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$1.001 trillion (2021 est.)
$936.113 billion (2020 est.)
$904.912 billion (2019 est.)
Real GDP per capita
$5,900 (2021 est.)
$5,600 (2020 est.)
$5,500 (2019 est.)
Agricultural products
rice, potatoes, maize, sugar cane, milk, vegetables, onions, jute, mangoes/guavas, wheat
Industries
jute, cotton, garments, paper, leather, fertilizer, iron and steel, cement, petroleum products, tobacco, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, tea, salt, sugar, edible oils, soap and detergent, fabricated metal products, electricity, natural gas
Remittances
5.33% of GDP (2021 est.)
5.82% of GDP (2020 est.)
5.23% of GDP (2019 est.)
Exports
$49.386 billion (2021 est.)
$38.476 billion (2020 est.)
$44.961 billion (2019 est.)
Exports - partners
United States 15%, Germany 14%, United Kingdom 8%, Spain 7%, France 7% (2019)
Exports - commodities
clothing, knitwear, leather footwear (2021)
Imports
$85.303 billion (2021 est.)
$56.776 billion (2020 est.)
$64.234 billion (2019 est.)
Imports - partners
China 31%, India 15%, Singapore 5% (2019)
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, cotton, natural gas, scrap iron, wheat (2019)
Exchange rates
taka (BDT) per US dollar -
Exchange rates:
85.084 (2021 est.)
84.871 (2020 est.)
84.454 (2019 est.)
83.466 (2018 est.)
80.438 (2017 est.)
Page last updated: Tuesday, December 19, 2023
