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Almannagja, the exposed eastern boundary of the North American geologic plate, Thingvellir National Park.
![Almannagja, the exposed eastern boundary of the North American geologic plate, Thingvellir National Park.](/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2022/static/f3709ca2fbf73d73f455e5c19bad695c/3cbc4/IC_022_large.jpg)
Almannagja, a large canyon-like fault in Thingvellir National Park, is actually the exposed eastern boundary of the North American geologic plate.
![Almannagja, a large canyon-like fault in Thingvellir National Park, is actually the exposed eastern boundary of the North American geologic plate.](/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2022/static/23cfebb0f19ca63f48f3e72f41ad4615/3cbc4/IC_036_large.jpg)
Downchannel from the volcanic dike in Thingvellir National Park.
![Downchannel from the volcanic dike in Thingvellir National Park.](/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2022/static/8cd3be1bacc5ab84e28f9b831f59afb9/dcad3/IC_023_large.jpg)
A dike (volcanic feeder tube) merging into layered strata in Thingvellir National Park.
![A dike (volcanic feeder tube) merging into layered strata in Thingvellir National Park.](/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2022/static/a8c9f011cd9f8e576b2864a645f59e02/8cc85/IC_037_large.jpg)
Mini stream between banks of eroding basalt in Thingvellir National Park.
![Mini stream between banks of eroding basalt in Thingvellir National Park.](/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2022/static/d7a30fbdbdc34822f6f5ec1453e67fc4/63e01/IC_031_large.jpg)
Rainbow envelopes the peak of Hekla volcano.
![Rainbow envelopes the peak of Hekla volcano.](/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2022/static/83c72b7ef83b66e24e1789602a34f37b/63e01/IC_028_large.jpg)
Snow-filled crater from the 2000 eruption of Hekla volcano.
![Snow-filled crater from the 2000 eruption of Hekla volcano.](/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2022/static/e350bf7fef0ad12c645719fe5d65aaa0/63e01/IC_030_large.jpg)
Pyroclastic rock bombs scattered about a crater in the Hekla Mountain Range.
![Pyroclastic rock bombs scattered about a crater in the Hekla Mountain Range.](/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2022/static/55b7998dac12f2b3302cd9b429c413ec/1886f/IC_035_large.jpg)
Descent down Hekla across the snowpack. Hekla is a stratovolcano located in the south of Iceland; it is one of the island's most active volcanoes, having erupted more than 20 times since the ninth century A.D.
![Descent down Hekla across the snowpack. Hekla is a stratovolcano located in the south of Iceland; it is one of the island's most active volcanoes, having erupted more than 20 times since the ninth century A.D.](/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2022/static/88394dad1150586a35c28894f2b78fac/3cbc4/IC_021_large.jpg)
Descent down Hekla across the snowpack. Hekla is an active volcano located in the south of Iceland; it is 1,491 m (4,892 ft) high.
![Descent down Hekla across the snowpack. Hekla is an active volcano located in the south of Iceland; it is 1,491 m (4,892 ft) high.](/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2022/static/a8738a50a1b1bcdf87956afa71406502/3cbc4/IC_020_large.jpg)
A hauntingly luminous view down the southwest flank of Hekla volcano.
![A hauntingly luminous view down the southwest flank of Hekla volcano.](/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2022/static/2ecbfd11d2feba1b1b2271b148c761f1/3cbc4/IC_019_large.jpg)
A geyser field and stream runoff.
![A geyser field and stream runoff.](/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2022/static/15796a9221d41eb1d4d2d45bb56c2e18/63e01/IC_033_large.jpg)
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