AN EXAMINATION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF MISSILE PRODUCTION AT URALMASH IN THE USSR AS OF 1962

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79S01046A000900010001-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 33
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 17, 1998
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: September 1, 1962
• Content Type: REPORT

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SELAPT N? 88
IGN DISSEM
Economic Research Aid
AN EXAMINATION
OF THE POSSIBILITY OF MISSILE PRODUCTION
AT URALMASH IN THE USSR AS OF 1962
September 1962
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Office of Research and Reports
GROUP 1
Excluded from automatic
downgrading and
declassification
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SECRET
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
Economic Research Aid
AN EXAMINATION
OF THE POSSIBILITY OF MISSILE PRODUCTION
AT URALMASH IN THE USSR AS OF 1962
This material contains Information affecting
the National Defense of the United States
within the meaning of the espionage laws,
Title 18, USC, Sees. 793 and 794, the trans-
mission or revelation of which in any manner
to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Office of Research and Reports
SECGGREDDTii EES~LL
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CONTENTS
Page
Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . . 1
I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? ? . . ? 3
II. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
III. Employment of Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
A. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. Floorspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IV. Characteristics of the Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
V. Mission of Uralmash . . . . . . . . . . . . ? ? ? ? ? 5
VI. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Appendixes
Appendix A.
Appendix B.
Appendix C.
Appendix D.
Appendix E.
Appendix F.
Appendix G.
Artillery Plant No. 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Description of Facilities at Uralmash . . . . 11
Recent Products of Uralmash . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Interior Views of Uralmash Production Shops . . . 19
Typical Heavy Machine Products Manufactured by
.
Uralmash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Gaps in Intelligence . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Source References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
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AN EXAMINATION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF MISSILE PRODUCTION
AT URAS i IN THE USSR AS OF 1962*
Summary and Conclusions
The Ural Heavy Machine Building Plant imeni Ordzhonikidze (Uralmash)
in Sverdlovsk in the USSR (see the accompanying map) probably is not en-
gaged in production of guided missiles or their components.; Production
facilities at Uralmash can be used best for production of heavy machinery,
and, indeed, some of the major facilities cannot be adapted to any other
use. The personnel are specialized and experienced in production of heavy
Sverdlovsk
MOSCOW*
* The estimates and conclusions in this research aid represent the best
judgment of this Office as of 1 September 1962.
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machinery, and such employment represents the optimum utilization of
their competence. Uralmash, producer of a major part of the machinery
of basic industry in the USSR, has been committed to production of such
large quantities of heavy machinery that only the completion, of new
facilities now under construction will permit it to fulfill these tasks
within the time limits set by the Seven Year Plan (1959-65).
The new production buildings, as well as previously existing facili-
ties, are intended for the casting, forging, welding, machining, and
assembly of heavy machinery. Artillery Plant No. 9 imeni Stalin, once
an independent plant, is now fully integrated with the facilities of
Uralmash in production of civilian heavy machinery. A study of all in-
formation pertaining to each major building of Uralmash provides no
reason to believe that missiles or missile components are being produced
in these buildings.
The management and engineering staffs of Uralmash still consist of
people who have always been associated with the fabrication of heavy
machinery from iron and steel. That 20 percent of the total employment
of Uralmash is composed of engineers and technologists suggests that
the plant has a product with a complex technology, a circumstance which
would be true of production of missiles. The staffing of Uralmash with
such a high proportion of technically trained personnel is necessary,
however, because of the complexity of its known civilian products, many
of which are made to new specifications for each new customer.
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I. Introduction
Serious concern has been expressed over the possibility that the
Ural Heavy Machine Building Plant imeni Ordzhonikidze (Uralmash) in
Sverdlovsk in the USSR has become involved in production of guided
missiles or their components. Whether the use of the facilities of
Uralmash is logical or feasible for such production is at issue.
Through analysis of the facilities and operations of Uralmash, this
research aid attempts to clarify the position of this giant machine
building plant in the Soviet missile program and to draw pertinent
conclusions.
II. General
Uralmash shares with the Novokramatorsk Heavy Machine Building
Plant in Kramatorsk the distinction of being one of the two largest
heavy machine building plants in the USSR. As the list of products
in Appendix C* indicates, Uralmash makes machines that are among the
largest and heaviest kinds and has, therefore, large shops and equip-
ment. The plant is still being expanded, and employment is estimated
to have increased from 16,000 persons in 1958 J** to about 20,000 in
1962. About 20 percent of the total employment consists of engineers
and technicians. / The plant make.s its own forgings and castings of
all the metals, machines and assembles the parts, and purchases from
others mostly common items such as antifriction bearings, bolts,
rivets, and electrical components.
An aerial photograph of Uralmash.(see Figure l***) taken in July
1959 permits correlation of various reports on the layout of the plant
and the identification of most of the main shops. All production areas
sufficient in size to accommodate a significant missile production ac-
tivity have been accounted for. For reference purposes the facilities
of the plant are shown in outline in Figure 2.*** By 1959 the following
main shops either had been visited by Western engineers or had been men-
tioned by the plant management or the Soviet press:
1 cast iron foundry
1 steel foundry
2 pattern shops
1 forge shop
5 shops for the fabrica-
tion of structural steel
3 machine shops
1 powerplant with a capacity
of 20,000 kilowatts:,
1 gas generating plant
1 maintenance shop for tools
and equipment
1 building maintenance shop
1 instrument maintenance shop
P. 17, below.
For serially numbered source references, see Appendix G.
Inside back cover.
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Appendix B* gives pertinent details of the equipment installed in those
shops that have been visited by Western engineers in recent years.
From 1942 until 1958, Artillery Plant No. 9 imeni Stalin, which pro-
duced field and tank artillery during and after World War II occupied
several shops within the Uralmash compound (see Appendix A**5. Its fa-
cili!ties are now incorporated into Uralmash.
III. Employment of Facilities
A. General
The buildings and machinery of Uralmash are specially designed
for fabricating very large, heavy machinery of iron and steel. The
50-t;on*** and 75-ton cranes with which the machine, welding, and as-
semblyshops at Uralmash are equipped would be wasted if those shops
were converted to production of missiles. The weight of a completely
assembled first stage (largest complete section) of a two--stage ICBM
with a thrust of 500)000 pounds does not exceed 7 tons and can be easily
suspended from tram ail cranes or transported on lightwei.t, rubber-
tired.cradles. / Only one building, No. 62 in Figure 2, is high enough
to be considered as a possible area for vertical testing of assembled
ICBM's. Its highest bay is 125 feet high, 600 feet long, and 130 feet
wide, too largean area to devote to missile testing purposes. J More-
over, the facts that the rest of the building is used for fabrication of
large machinery and that there is a large outside storage yard for heavy
steel (No. 65 in Figure 2) adjacent to the high bay indicate that the
building probably is not used for missile production activities.
Uralmash has a department for casting aluminum and other non-
ferrous metals. All evidence indicates that its output consists of
permanent patterns and core boxes for use in the foundries and of alu-
minum components for the usual products of the plant. J Production of
airframe or missile engine parts of titanium, aluminum, magnesium, or
other materials associated with missile design has never been reported
at Uralmash.
The research, design, and technological training institute or-
ganized by Uralmash is oriented entirely toward the design and produc-
tion of heavy machinery and has the following design bureaus: (1) roll-
ing mill equipment, (2) heavy hydraulic presses, (3) oilfield drilling
P. 11, below.
P. 9, below.
Tonnages are given in metric; tons thoughout this research aid.
t Inside back cover. For more details on Building No. 62, see
Appendix B.
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equipment, (4) mining machinery, and (5) electric drives and automa-
tion. i/ This orientation does not provide for development or produc-
tion of missiles.
Uralmash, in common with other heavy machine building plants,
has the capability to produce forgings for missile assembly plants.
Its hammers and presses can produce large free forgings and small
closed-die forgings of steel. It is not equipped with large extrusion
presses (up to 20,000 tons of pressure) needed to produce aluminum
skin sections, although such presses are produced by Uralmash for
others.
B. Floorspace
At present, 40 percent of the approximately 121 acres of produc-
tion area at Uralmash are occupied by foundry, forge, and heat treating
shops that are uniquely designed for performing basic manufacturing proc-
esses on parts for heavy machinery and are not convertible; to any other
production processes. The areas of the plant devoted to machining and
assembly of the semifabricated product of the foundries and forges are
no more than adequate for that task, and if any major part of these areas
were converted to production of missiles, Uralmash probably would be un-
able to finish and assemble a large part of the product of its foundry
and forge shops. Typical scenes in production shops at Uralmash are
shown in Appendix D.*
The engineering department at Uralmash has no apparent capability
for the design or production of guided missiles or their components.
The training and the experience of the designers 'and production engi-
neers at Uralmash have given the plant a capability for producing heavy
machinery to customer specifications. The director, the chief engineer,
the chief designer, the assistant chief engineers, and the deputy chief
designers all have been employed in heavy machine building (most of them
in Uralmash) for many years. By 1960, of a total of almost 20,000 em-
ployees, there were nearly 4,000 diploma-holding engineers and technicians
at Uralmash, many of whom were former Ural-mash employees who had earned
credits in night classes at Uralmash's own institute. The Uralmash man-
agement defends the 1 to 5 ratio of engineers to total employees as not
unusually high for a plant that must design and build such a wide variety
of heavy machinery. 8/
V. Mission of Uralmash
Uralmash was conceived originally as the basic heavy machine building
plant of the Urals industrial region which would draw on the natural re-
sources of the Urals region and the heavy machine products of which would
* P. 19, below.
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support the-further growth of heavy industry, not solely in the Urals
but in the entire USSR. Since the first stage of construction was com-
pleted in 1933, the plant has been expanded several times to provide in-
creased amounts of heavy machinery for the expansion of basic industry
in a rapidly growing economy.* As the representative list of' present-
day products contained in Appendix C** indicates, the original orienta-
tion of the mission of Uralmash has been retained.
In 1957, 80 percent of the Soviet output of crude oil was extracted
by oil-well drilling equipment produced by Uralmash, and, in 1959, 90
percent of all deep oil-well drilling in the USSR was accomplished with
Uralmash equipment. The plant produced more than 90 percent of the
agglomeration machinery and more than 75 percent of the blast furnaces
that were in operation in the USSR in 1957. During the period of the
Seven Year Plan (1959-65), the plant is required to increase production
of rolling mill equipment by 150 percent, of crushing and grinding equip-
ment, by almost 50 percent, of excavators by 50 percent, and of large
walking draglines by 300 percent. Of the 50 new rolling mills to be in-
stalled under the Seven Year Plan, Uralmash is to produce 39. 9J The
planned original capacity of Uralmash was 100,000 tons of finished heavy
iron. and steel products per year. 10 By 1959, production actually
reached 150,000 tons. 11/ The present expansion of plant facilities is
intended to result, by 1965, in production which will be twice that of
1958. 12
The intentions of the Soviet government toward the development of
Uralmash were summed up by A.B. Aristov, former member of the Presidium
of the Communist Party, who spoke at the plenary session of the Party
in June 1959 of the urgent need to expand and reconstruct the Uralmash
plant, as follows 1 : "For the time being, we have no other heavy ma-
chine building plants as large as the Uralmash and Novokramatorsk plants.
To build similar plants elsewhere would require many years and would
necessitate large capital investments." An hypothesis that the plant
is engaged in production of missiles or their components is not con-
sistent with its importance as a supplier of heavy machinery to basic
industry or with its commitment to increase greatly such production.
The continuous publicity that Soviet news media give to Uralmash is
in itself an indicator that Uralmash probably is not engaged in produc-
tion of missiles. The plants whose involvement in production of missiles
* :During World War II, Uralmash produced tanks, self-propelled guns,
and medium artillery, the :Latter item in Artillery Plant No. 9, with
personnel (and probably also with equipment) evacuated from other plants
that were in the path of the German advance (see Appendix A, p. 9, be-
low).
** P. 17, below.
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has been well established by intelligence research are rarely mentioned
in the Soviet press.
VI. Conclusions
All evidence pertaining to the activities, facilities, technical com-
petence, and mission of Uralmash indicates that it is not engaged in pro-
duction of missiles or their major components and that such activity would
constitute economic waste and would jeopardize the assignment of the plant
to supply basic industry with the equipment which is essential to the con-
tinued growth of the entire-Soviet economy.
All its equipment -- cranes, machine tools, foundry and forging equip-
ment, metallurgical furnaces, and heat treating facilities'-- are inappro-
priate to production of missiles and would be wasted in that sort of work.
Not a single production building in the plant is properly designed for
production of missiles. Those buildings that have sufficient floor area
to engage in production of missiles are filled with heavy machine tools.
None of the structural assembly shops has sufficient area for production
of missiles. All shops are sturdily built to carry heavy loads and are
equipped with overhead cranes with a carrying capacity of 50 tons or
more. Apart from other considerations, the use of these special, heavy-
duty buildings for production of missiles would be a waste of resources.
The expansion of facilities now taking place at Uralmash is re-
quired if the plant is to carry out the increased workload placed on it
by the Seven Year Plan. The new facilities, like the older ones, are
designed for production of heavy machinery and would be inappropriate
for production of missiles.
The engineering staff is devoid of experience in the design or pro-
duction of airframes or of jet and rocket engines. The organization of
the engineering department does not provide a section that might even be
suspected of engagement in the development or production of missiles.
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ARTILLERY PLAINT NO. 9
Artillery Plant No. 9 imeni Stalin existed within the Uralmash com-
pound from 1942 until 1958, when it became an integral part of the Ural-
mash facilities. 14 During its existence as a separate entity, it ap-
parently consisted primarily of Building No. 58 and nearby small shops.
German prisoners of war knew it as Shop No. 9, or Tsekh (shop) imeni
Stalin. IV It was established in 1942 with a management independent
of Uralmash and was staffed with employees from sections of Uralmash
as well as with personnel from Plant No. 221 in Stalingrad'and from
Plant No. 8 in Sverdlovsk. 16 During World War II, PlantlNo. 9 pro-
duced 30,000 pieces of field and tank artillery, / probably with the
assistance of the Uralmash steel foundry and forge. While, continuing
to turn out guns in 1946, Plant No. 9 began to produce equipment for
the oil and coal industry, 18 an indication that it was cooperating in
the civilian production program of Uralmash. The continuance of Plant
No. 9 in production of artillery until 1954 is deduced from the fact
that its Stalin-Prize-winning gun designer, F.F. Petrov, was mentioned
in the Soviet press as chief designer in 1954. In 1947 the assembly
operations for tanks and self-propelled guns were transferred from
Uralmash to Artillery Plant No. 9, and thereafter, until the last in-
stance of observation by the German prisoners of war, Plant No. 9 was
the only site of assembly of guns, tanks, and self-propelled guns with-
in Uralmash. / Plant No. 9 has not been publicly mentioned in recent
years and was made a permanent part of Uralmash in 1958. 20
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DESCRIPTION OF FACILITIES AT URALMASH
Uralmash is a complete manufacturing complex and makes virtually
every part that goes into its products, except for such items as elec-
trical equipment and common sizes of bearings and bolts. Vralmash has
its own powerplant, gas generating station, trucks, railroad cars and
locomotives, and quarries for foundry sand. In addition to its main
production shops, Uralmash contains numerous warehouses; shops for main-
tenance of trucks, railroad equipment, buildings, and tools; a construc-
tion materials plant; laboratories; a trade school; and a technical in-
stitute offering courses at the university level.
1. Identified Main Shops
Some of the main shops within Uralmash have been visited and de-
scribed by Western engineers. 21 Their principal features are detailed
here to help give a correct impression of the scale of manufacturing
operations at Uralmash.
a. Cast Iron Foundry
The cast iron foundry has a capacity of about 60,000 tons of
castings per year and can make castings as heavy as 80 tons, which is the
weight of some of the blooming mill housings that are cast there. The
foundry has six cupolas with capacities of 10 to 15 tons each. Other
equipment includes four 50-ton cranes, a 17-ton coremaking!machine, a
special chamber for cleaning castings with high-pressure water jets,
sand and shot blasting chambers, a belt conveyor for transporting sand,
sand slingers, pneumatic rammers, and annealing furnaces.
b. Steel Foundry
In 1955 the steel foundry had the capacity to cast annually
55,000 tons of shaped castings and 165,000 tons of ingots for forging, a
total annual steel-casting capacity of 220,000 tons. The heaviest single
steel casting made regularly is a 150-ton piece for the roll stand of a
blooming mill. This shop has a number of cranes with a capacity of 50
and 75 tons and one crane with a capacity of 175 tons. The steel foundry
is equipped with three electric furnaces with capacities o 6 tons each,
one electric furnace with a capacity of 13 tons, two basiciopen-hearth
furnaces with a capacity of 60 tons each, one basic open-hearth furnace
with a capacity of 35 tons, and one acid open-hearth furnace with a capac-
ity of 90 tons. There also is a vacuum holding pot for ingot casting that
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can contain an ingot of 120 tons or a ladle of 20 tons. This vacuum
equipment is used to improve the quality of large forgings -- for ex-
ample, turbine rotors. In 1962 the steelfoundry was being lengthened
by 90 meters, and it is to be furnished with modern continuous convey-
ing equipment. 22
c. Forge Shop
The-forging shop has about 100 hammers and presses. Of the
hammers, which are of a drop type with steam lift, about 10 have a ca-
pacity between 6.5 and 7 tons, and the rest have a capacity between 3 and
5 tons. The largest press is a machine with a capacity of 10,000 tons,
served by a 250-ton crane and by a big furnace for reheating large bil-
lets. There are three or four other presses varying in capacity from
2,000 tons to 3,000 tons. There also are two or three forging machines,
three manipulators to feed billets into the hammers, and a number of fur-
naces for reheating and. heat treatment. Output of the forge in 1955
amounted to 50,000 to 60,000 tons of press forgings and 20,000 to 30,000
tons of hammer-forgings per year. The shop was expanded in 1961.
d. Shops for the Fabrication of Structural Steel
Production of weldments of various kinds is carried on in
five shops for the fabrication of structural steel. One of -these shops
specializes in production of components for the 4-cubic-meter excavators
that are produced at a rate of about 20 per month. These shops are well
equipped with X-ray and gamma-ray inspection machines, gas cutting ma-
chines, welding jigs, and special machines for rolling and welding large
cylinders and tubes, such as cylinders for rotary kilns. The total ca-
pacity of the five structural shops in 1955 was about 2+,000 tons per
month, or about 50,000 -tons per year.
e. Machine Shops
Machining is carried on in a number of shops, including a
rouging shop where castings and forgings are rough-machined to -elimi-
nate skin stresses and. to reduce! weight. Three major shops, however,
have been identified as shops where final machining of large components
and machines takes place. The largest machine shop, which also was the
largest building in the compound. in 1960, covers 16 acres and employs
about 3,500 people in the machining department and 800 in the assembly
department. Each of the eight bays of this machine shop has seven or
eight cranes, most with a capacity of 75 tons. The shop produced 85,000
tons of machinery in 1955,, consisting mostly of blooming mills, tube
mills, cold rolling mills, crushers, excavators, large metallurgical
cranes, cement kilns, and large mine-shaft digging machines. The next
largest machine shop had a capacity for 55,000 tons of machine products
in 1.955.
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2. Unidentified Shops and Sites of Construction Work
Reports of prisoners of war and Soviet press releases give some
clues to the activities being carried on in buildings in Uralmash that
have not been visited by Western technologists. The most important of
these buildings, the activities of which are not definitely known, are
the following (see Figure 2*):
a. No. 23
Building No. 23 has two large connections to the main gas-
line, two large chimneys, and a cooling tower. It probably is a shop
for heat-treating large steel parts.
b. No. 29
Building No. 29 was reported by German prisoners of war as
a facility for testing tank engines during World War II and as an as-
sembly shop for diesel-generator sets and diesel-compressor sets for use
with oilfield equipment after World War II during the period 1947-49. 3
Portable engine-driven machinery for oilfield drilling rigs probably is
assembled in this building.
c. No. 33
Building No. 33 has two connections to the gasline and two
large chimneys. It is located in a site where prisoners of war say that
a hardening shop was located in 1949. This building probably is a heat-
treating shop.
d. Nos. 48 and 50
The two construction areas, Nos. 48 and 50, are likely sites
for the new research laboratory and the new building for developmental
engineering. Since the end of World War II, most new construction of
production shops has been carried out on the west side of the original
plant area, where there is room for expansion into the fields and the
areas of the temporary barracks type of housing. It seems probable that
the small, unused area along the Pushminskiy Trakt (on the road to Nizhniy
Tagil) would be the site of the new research facilities, for expansion of
basic production shops in this direction would be definitely blocked by
the built-up area of large apartment buildings west of Pushminskiy Trakt.
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e. Nos. 52, 53 _ana 5555
Buildings Nos. 52, 53, and 55 are located in the area once
belonging to Artillery Plant No. 9 imeni Stalin and probably once were
involved in production of medium artillery in support of Building No. 58,
the main shop of Plant No. 9. 24+ Building No. 55 is still fenced off
from the rest of the Uralmash plant and could be involved in modifying
tanks and self-propelled guns. Prisoners of war identify a north-south-
oriented road loop north of the Uralmash complex as a testing track for
tanks.
f. Nos. 56 and'
The Soviet pressannounced in March 1961 that three more bays
of an excavator shop had been placed in operation. These three bays could
be part of the addition (No. 56) to Building No. 57, visible in the photo-
graph taken in July 1959. The engineering delegation from India reported
that, in 1955, of the five. shops for the fabrication of structural steel,
one specialized in the fabrication of excavators with a capacity of 3
cubic meters.
g. No. 59
Building No. 59 apparently is a shop. The smaller buildings
around it may be warehouses. The shop could be one of the-five shops
for the fabrication of structural -steel reported by the delegation from
India. 25/
h. No. 62
Building No,, 62 is a large building with very high bays, the
highest being in the neighborhood of 125 feet. This building is located
south of the area of Artillery Plant No. g and in -a location where, ac-
cording to prisoner-of-war reports, a new building was under construction
immediately after World War II. Directly east of the building is a large
outdoor storage area for heavy steel supplies (No. 65 in Figure 2*),
served by a gantry crane. The lack of chimneys indicates that heavy
metallurgical proces.se!s are not carried on here. The great height of
this building would serve well not only for production of large exca-
vators but also for the fabrication of the large parts of such machinery
as heavy duty oil-well. drilling derricks and large vertical mine-shaft
sinking equipment. The assembly of a vertical mine-shaft sinking machine
in the northernmost bay of the building is shown in the accompanying pho-
tograph, Figure 3.
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Figure 3. USSR: View in Building
No. 62 at Uralmash. The absence of
a roof monitor and the height of the
roof (about 70 feet) indicates that
this shop is the northernmost bay
of Building No. 62. A machine for
sinking vertical mine shafts is
shown here. Other views of this
machine permitted an estimate of
the height of the roof.
i. No. 66
Much has been written in the Soviet press in the past 2 years
concerning the construction of a new welding fabrication shop at Uralmash,
which when completed is to be 985 feet wide by 1,280 feet in length,
covering 28.9 acres. Because the steelwork of the first bay had been
erected by October 1960, 26 it is rather certain that site preparation
would have been in progress when the aerial photograph of July 1959 was
made. At no location in the present area of the plant, where site pre-
paration was underway in July 1959, was there sufficient space for this
building. It therefore seems likely that the newly graded construction
site, visible in the aerial photograph beyond a row of temporary barracks-
like buildings northwest of the present boundaries of the plant, is to be
the new shop for making large weldments. In this shop, which is to be
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larger than any of its type in Europe, very large and heavy steel parts
will be assembled from. a number of simple cast or forged pieces by a
new welding process. This new process permits greatly increasing pro-
duction of heavy machinery with only small increases in the size of the
steel foundry and forge shops. Such a development in production proc-
esses typically would not be introduced at a plant that is concerned
with production of missiles.
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RECENT PRODUCTS OF URALMASH
The following list of products contains most of those that currently
are in production at Uralmash. Some items, such as drives for oil-well
drilling rigs, are produced in batches or small series. Some, such as
rolling mills, are designed and produced individually to customer speci-
fications. Shown in Appendix E are photographs of typical heavy machine
products for which Uralmash has a unique production capability.
Major Products of Uralmash
1. Mining equipment
Special large vertical mine-shaft sinking machines
Walking draglines with 15-cubic-meter buckets
Shovel excavators with 4-cubic-meter buckets
Mine elevators with a capacity of 8 tons
2. Oilfield equipment
Deep-hole drill rigs
Mud pumps for turbodrilling
Powerplants for drill rigs
3. Coal and ore preparation equipment
Crushers-gyratory, ball, jaw
Sintering plants
4. Cement machinery
Roasting kilns
Crushers
5. Steelmaking machinery
Hoppers, bells, and skip enginesfor blast furnaces
Mud guns for closing notches in blast furnaces
Machines for making refractory brick
Pig iron and slag cars
Automatic blooming mills
Continuous billet mills
Rail and structural mills
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Cold rolling mills for thin sheet
Pipe rolling mills
Wheel rolling mills
Roller straighteners for rails and structurals
Pipe bending machines for cold bending pipe up to 550 milli-
meters outside diameter
30,000-ton press
20,000-ton press
#,000-ton press
10,000-ton extrusion press for covering electric power cable
with aluminum
12,000-ton extrusion press for aluminum alloy extrusions
20,000-ton extrusion press for aluminum alloy extrusions
Presses made of-prestressed concrete
Metallurgical cranes
6. Heavy forgings to order
Turbine rotors
Crankshafts-for marine engines
Other forgings to order
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.APPENDIX D
PHOTOGRAPHS
INTERIOR VIEWS OF URALMASH PRODUCTION SHOPS
The fabrication or assembly of missile airframes in the Uralmash
production shops would be wasteful of the heavy-duty cranes, the high
ceilings, and other features of the buildings that are necessary for
the assembly of heavy machinery.
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Free forging a large shaft on a
10,000-ton press. The press is
served by a crane with a capac-
ity of 250 tons. The equipment
is not applicable to production
of missiles.
Assembly shop for large and heavy
machinery. The assembly of missile
airframes here would be wasteful of
the heavy-duty cranes and other fea-
tures of the building that are ad-
vantageous to the assembly of heavy
machinery.
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Multiton steel casting being set up for machining in the
largest machine shop.
Horizontal boring mill at work in the largest machine shop.
The many large tools in this shop would be wasted in pro-
duction of missiles.
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APPENDIX E
PHOTOGRAPHS
TYPICAL HEAVY MACHINE PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED BY URALMASH
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USSR: Base of excavators under construction at
Uralmash. This large walking dragline excavator,
shown in an assembly shop for large machines, will
weigh 1,400 tons when completely assembled. The
rate of production in 1958 of about four or five per
rear is to be increased four times by 1965. The
tools that produced these parts have no application
in production of missiles.
USSR: Hydraulic press with a
capacity of 30,000 tons pro-
duced by Uralmash. View of
the upper half of a hydraulic
press made at Uralmashfor
closed-die forging of air-
craft and missile parts. The
facilities that produced this
machine are not adaptable to
production of missiles.
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USSR: Section of ore sintering ma-
chine in production at Uralmash.
The 75-ton cranes in this building
are necessary because of the great
weight of the machine components
that are machined and assembled
here. Uralmash produces a still
larger sintering machine with a
diameter of 16.5 feet and a length
of 607 feet.
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USSR: Model KDD-1500 ore crusher
in production at Uralmash. The
Uralmash equipment that produced
this 150-ton machine is unsuitable
for production of missiles. The
heavy steel structure of this build-
ing, necessary to support heavy crane
loadings, would be wasted if the
building were converted to production
of missiles.
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APPENDIX F
GAPS IN INTELLIGENCE
Sufficient information is available on Uralmash to draw conclusions
concerning its probable noninvolvement in activities related to produc-
tion of guided missiles with a rather high degree of confidence. Addi-
tional information, if available, however, would strengthen the bases
for conclusions with respect to the activities of certain major facili-
ties that either have never been visited by informants or have not been
visited in recent years. These facilities consist of the following:
Building Number Description
8 Probable machine shop
17 Unidentified
47 Unidentified
48 Under construction
50 Under construction
55 Unidentified
56 Under construction
57 Probable assembly shop for excavators
58 Machine shop; probably Artillery Plant No. 9
59 Unidentified group of buildings
60 Fenced storage area
61 Under construction
62 Probable assembly shop for large machines
66 Under construction; probably a new weldment
fabrication shop
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APPENDIX G
SOURCE REFERENCES
Evaluations, following the classification entry and designated
"Eval.," have the following significance:
Source of Information
Doc. - Documentary
A - Completely reliable
B - Usually reliable
C - Fairly reliable
D - Not usually reliable
E - Not reliable
F - Cannot be judged
1 - Confirmed by other sources
2 - Probably true
3 - Possibly true
ii- - Doubtful.
5 - Probably false
6 - Cannot be judged
"Documentary" refers to original documents of foreign governments
and organizations; copies or translations of such documents by a staff
officer; or information extracted from such documents by a staff officer,
all of which may carry the field evaluation "Documentary."
Evaluations not otherwise designated are those appearing on the cited
document; those designated "RR" are by the author of this research aid.
No "RR" evaluation is given when the author agrees with the evaluation on
the cited document.
The most useful source of information on Uralmash was the aerial
photograph taken in July 1959. It was possible to identify on this photo-
graph most of the shops and facilities to which Western visitors and
prisoners of war referred in their reports as well as those construction
sites claimed by the Soviet press to be in progress at that time. The
centrally located major facilities have been described by recent Western
visitors and are easily located from Soviet books that were published
during the early years of the plant. Additions made to the plant during
and immediately after World War II have been described and located in
reports by numerous prisoners of war. Comparison of these reports with
the arrangement of buildings that are visible in the 1959 photograph has
permitted selection of the most accurate prisoner-of-war reports.
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Recent statements in the Soviet press concerning the functions of
shops that are newly coirrpleted, under construction, or being expanded,
when considered in conjunction with the 1959 aerial photograph and, in
some cases, with interior photographs of existing facilities, have been
very helpful in assigning probable functions to such new facilities.
25X1A2g---
25X1A2g
1.
2.
Kommunist, No. 9, 1960, p. 10. U. Eval. RR 2.
4. Air. ATIC-M-SR-58-2, Missile Manufacturing Analysis,
25X1A2g 5.
25X1A2g 7.
25X1A2g
25X1A2g
25X1A2g
20 Dec 58. S. Eval. Doc.
Ibid., p. 29. S. Eval. Doc.
9. Pravda, 6 Feb 59, p. 5. U. Eval. RR 2.
8.
13. Current Digest of the Soviet Press, vol
and 86,
1.0. USSR, Gosudarstvennyy Institut po Proyektirovaniyu Novykh
Metallozavodov. Ural'skiy mashinostroitel'nyy zavod v
Sverdlovske (proyekt (Ural Machine Building Plant in Sverd-
lovsk -- Plan L rad 1 28. U. Eval. Doc.
1.1.
1.2. State, Moscow. Dsp 383, 10 Nov 61. U. Eval. RR 1.
14.
15.
16.
11, no 28, 12 Aug
59,
17. Prochko, I.S. Artilleriya bog voyny (Artillery, God of War),
1946. U. Eval. :Doc.
18. Ibid.
19.
20.
22. CIA. FDD Summary no 3058, 27 Jun 61, Information on Soviet
Missile-Related Industries 2 , p. 11. S. Eval. RR 1.
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25X1A2g
-25X1A2g
23.
24. Ibid.
25.
26. CIA. FDD Summary no 3058, 27 Jun 61, Information on Soviet
Missile-Related Industries(2), p. 11. S. Eval. RR 1.
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SECRET
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
SECRET
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 25X1A9a
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SIECRE1 GROUP 1
NO FOREIGN DISSEM Excluded from automatic
ddeowngtadin, and
declassification
CIA/RR A. ERA 62-5
September 1962
AD/RR
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57 - 88 Rec'd in St/P/C
57
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61 - 64
65
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69
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73 - 75
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