JPRS ID: 9921 LATIN AMERICA REPORT

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000400080033-3
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• Document Page Count: 23
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 33
• Content Type: REPORTS

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F'c)R AI~FIC'IAI. 1~~: C1N1.1'
JPRS L/ 10179
10 December 1981
- Lati n America Re ort
p
CFOUO 28/81)
FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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JPRS L/10179
10 December 1981
IATIN AMERICA REPORT
(FOUO 28/81)
CONTENTS
COUNTRY SECTION
CU~3A
Castro Criticize~ U.S. Policy on Red Sunday
(PRELA, 16 Nov 81) 1
Herberto Padilla on Repression in Country
(CAA'ff3lo, 12 Oct 81) 3
PLO Leader 'Arafat Sends Message to Castro
(PRELA, 17 Nov 81) 7
Saharan Leader Sends Castro Solidarity Note
(PRELA, 16 Nov 81) 9
GR~NADA
U.S. Policies Rapped
(PRELA, 16 Nov 81) 11
PERU
Domestic Manufacture of Militaxy Arms, Equipment
(DEFEN;;A, Aug-Sep 81) 13
Briefs
Soviet Delegation Visit l~+
SURINAME
Rusland Hails Struggle of Salvadoran People
(CANA, 18 Nov 81; PREI~A, 20 Nov 81~ 15
- Celebr~.tes International Students De.y
Student Rally
- a - (III - LA - 144 FOUO]
~OR dFFiCTAi, i1SF (1Ni,V
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'/"r,NLuUr:LA
President Di~cusses Outcome of U.S. Visit
(PRELA, 21 Nov al) 17
Forei~.i :~;inis ;er on President's Trip to .'RC
(PRE;LA, Nov 81) . lg
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COUNTRY SFCTION CUBA
CASTRO CRITICIZES U.S. r^07.ICY ON RED SUNDAY
PA160346 Havana PRELA in Spanish 0121 GMf 16 Nov 81
[Text] Havana, 15 Nov (PL)--Prime Minister Fidel Castro said today that "in
line with the spirit of these days, we must be prepared for two battles:
production and defense."
He n~ade this remark at the end of a tour to various work centers in Havana
and Havana Province.
Castro visited two hospitala under construction in two highly papulated districts
of this capital, a metallurgical factory, a factory that makes various articles
and another that makes spare parts.
Castro's tour, which began early this morning, was prompted by more than
2 million workers who participated in a Red Sunday of volunteer work in this
co untry. Red Sunday commemorates the October Revolution (7 November).
Speaking abot~t the international situation, Castro said that a broad and intense
solidarity campaign in favor of Cuba was carried out throughout the world
'4ahich uncovered the Iying nature of U.S. imperialism."
Castro added that the U.S. Government is in a very embarrassing position because
it has not been able to rise to the chal]enge to submit proof of the alleged
presence of Cuban troops in Nicaragua.
"They said that they had proof and they have not been able to prove anything,
because it is all a lie. Even in th e United Statea many people have taken
notice of these lies," Castro indicated.
"Not only has there been a wide international solidar ity with Cuba, but also
wide disapproval of U.S. foreign policy, because it is evident to everyone that
such policy inevitably leads to a catastrophic war," he added.
"The U.S. economy finds itself stagnating between recession and inflation due
to Reagan's irresponsible economic policy which engages in an unrestrained
arms race," the Cuban leader points out.
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Thc,rc: ar.e people w':to think that U.S. threats will intimidate the Cuban people,
who hav~ proudly faced 23 years of attacks, Castro said,
?'~ze wis~st thin~ for a solution to the Centra~ American problem is a negotiated
~c~litical solution, Castro indicated, reierring to *he situation in this
re~;ic~n of the continent. Any military action will only make the problem
wors~_~, he added.
'Ttiey (the ,~'orth Americans) are opposed to a negotiated political solution to
ttic ~onflict, bECause they want a military solution in order to destroy the
rev~>lutionaries to the last man, but this has never happened ar~d it never will.
t:SO: 3(i10/342
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COUNTRY SECTION CUBA
HERBERTO PADILLA ON REPRESSION IN COUNTRY
Madrid CAMBIO 16 in Spaniah 12 Oct 81 pp 118, 119
[Text] He is like a tornado of worda, motions, feelings, memories and passions
constantly flowing in a conversation where his logic is as flawless as the words
which the poet selects with care and relish. Herberto Padilla is 100 percent Cuban
and, therefore, the "critical mind" which he has exercised at the cost of having his
life ripped apart is encompassed within an zxtrovert and wa~ personality.
Taking puffs from a cigar which keeps on going out and wearing big glasses which
make his eyes seem disproportianately large and make his face look like a Caribbean
owl, Padilla confesses: "Man, I am tired of being a'case' but no man chooses the
role assigned to him by history and this is why I must answer questions, I must
bear witness to what happened to me."
The "Padilla case" started to flare up in 1968 when an international panel, which also
included prestigious Cuban literary figures, declared him the winner of the Julian
del Casal Prize for Poetry for his work "Fuera de juego" [out of the gamej.
The critical nature of Padilla's poetry ir.~mediatel~ clashed with Fidel Castro's
regime. But the Cuban Writers Union [UNEAC] had to publish his book although the
edirion carried an introduction paesing ~udgment on the suthor.
Ten year ago, in 1971, Padilla wae arreated and this was immediately followed by a
barrage of statements, denials and confeasiona like in the "Moscow Trial.s," followed
by a decade of working in obecurity as a translator. Freedom came in March 1980 and
after an eloquent period of silence, Padilla launched his public attack on the
regime.
Now Herberto Padilla is in Spain to present his novel "En mi 3ardin pastan los heroes"
[Heros Are Grazing in my GardenJ (Ediciones Argos Vergara) on the very same day--and
radilla has pointed out the happy coincidence--when the International PEN Club is
making for the first time the International Day of Imprisoned Writers. "In my view,
~ this initiative is a very positive atep a~d it is one of the reasons the 'Padilla
case' should be declared close. I did not really suffer. Those who are suffering
are the writers in prison. Prisoners are a much more impertant issue, as in the case
of Armando Valladares, the poet who has been in prison for 20 years in a wheelchair.
Or the casea of Angel Cuadra, Ernesto Diaz Rodriguez, Vals and others."
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Valladares, a Martyr
Valladares' suffering is a particular source of irritation for Padilla: '"We must get
him out of prison as soon as possible by convincing the Cuban Government that it
is absurd to keep in hail a man who is paralyzed and has not done aaiything wrong.
It is even more absurd considering that 2 years ago there was an amnesty in Cuba
which released former CIA agents who were active enemies of the revolution."
"Valladares is a moral giant. He does not mind if he sacrifices himself. This is
why it is pointless to victimize him so much. What happened is that he made verp
harsh statements, he spoke terrible truths. He dared to write poetry which in daqs
to come will be remembered even in my country's textbooks."
- Valladares is a hero. But Padilla's book is a heartrending port~aqal of characters
who go beyond all heroic dimension. It starts with a preface rECOUnting Padilla's
imprisonment and telling an anecdote which typifies the relationa betweea the
communist regime and the dissident intellectual: an official hits Padilla on the
head with the manuscript of his own bood sending him to the hospital. "Ae was,"
Padilla says with a bitter smile, "my most forceful critic."
The characters of the novel--dissident intellectuals Julio sad Gregorio; Luisa,
Gloria and Ona, representing the intervals of love and tenderness that rescue them
from dispair--live in a stifl ing atmosphere. "This ia what I am trying to convey:
the story of a stress, the account of feelings of suffocation, the lack of
communication between the stereotypes found in political lif~ and the everyday life,
the personal adventure."
Julio--a translator who dreams of controversial interviews with Fidel Castro and with
Herbert Marcuse--and Gregorio--a semialcoholic writer so mucn at odds with his social
environment that he is suspected of being a"snitcher"--embody the frustration of
two intellectuals initially committed to the revolution but who turned to criticism
when that revolution went in to its communist phase. Fu11 of doubts, eager to go
back to being believers, they end up by getting drunk on a beach while pretending
to be Marz and Engels. But h idden in the twists and turns of the novel, there is a
code between the two characters and every reader must seek it.
The theme of destruction is superimposed on the theme of the vital need for
participation. Julio dreams of conducting an interview with Fidel during which he
fearfully reproaches the latter for not allowing the people to participate in the
government's decision-making process.
"Because the revolution is a collective summons and the people's ultimate ~oal is to
carry out a revolution to see their own image reflected in it. If the people are not
' allowed to participate, they feel manipulated, ased, and they pull out. This act of
pulling out is not so much an act of negative militancy as a wrenching. It comes
a time--and I mention thi~ in my novel-~when the people do not want to command or
to obey, they want to escape."
Padilla remembers, as his characters do, the heroic early period when euphoria
permeated everything. "I disagree with those who criticize the entire process of
the Cuban Revolution. Our process was entirely justified from the historical
viewpoint. I think that the subsequent diatortione are regrettable but they cannot
cancel the initial positive nature of the revolution.
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"Cuba had a revolutionary government which we all approved because it had brought
- a new moral and social dimension to Cuba. That was positive. I approve and am in
favor of that." This is why 10 years after it happened, when I am asked to judge the
Padilla case, my thoughts are that from a personal point of view I am happy to be in
Spain and ready to carry on with my task.
"If I.have one regret seeing what has happened, it is that the revolution has deviated
from its ideals. T.oday, Cuba is a country which entirely subscribes to the policy of
blocs. We are associated with the USSR and the Soviet Union has its own interests."
Fidel, the African
"The most terrible thing, for instance, is the African question. You get a telegram
telling you co report to your im it without fail. And you never see your family
again. Those who can, come back 2 years later. Many return sick, wounded or disabled.
People cannot understand. And this subject cannot be mentioned. It is a very
unpopular thing but nobody can discuss it."
This heartbreaking situation affects all the characters. "In Cuba, the intellectual
is an outcast. The co~unist world has a Leninist tradition of preventing
intellectuals from becoming the critical conscience of aociety."
Julio and Gregorio live through that persecution with the grevious feeling of being
_ betrayed, che:~ted. "It is a logical feeling among those who have played a leading
role in the revolutionary process and who refuse to completely abandon their hopes,"
- Padilla notes. "But the bureaucracy eliminatee all debate and prevents participati~n.
Any expression of ideas is curtailed even when they do not entail criticiem. Then
y~u feel stifled. Such feeling is presented even in the cover illustration of my
book which shows a devastating tropical sun. The characters dream about the snow;
they want to plant a bomb that will destroy the never ending summer. It is a symbolic
counterpoint to enhance the tiredness and suffocation which extend beyond political
life."
Apart from the regime's oppression, there is also the oppression of the solemn fools
who cause so much harm that one of the characters dreams of setting up an early-
warning office in Argentina or Uruguay. "The reason for it is that the expression
'serious or solemn fools' is used in the River Plate region and i find it most
suitable. In Latin America, a general or a terroriat are well defined extremes in
the political apectrum. The solemn foola are those intellectuals who become
instruments of their own ignorance."
"The solemn fool is a puppet of the bureaucracy. He loves people in an abstract
sense. When a popular leader turns into a Lech Wale~,a, the solemn fool disregards
him. The solemn fools love to go around hotele all over the world and it only takes
them a week to produce a bouk on what ia happening in Cuba. In my book, they are
portrayed sitting by swimming pools and drinking daiquiris and 'mo~itos.' The first
to t~irn up are the solemn fcols from Italy and France then, after they make their
favorable reports, come the Swedes, the Germans and so on. The aolemn fools love a
colorful tyrant and their interest increases in proportion to the degree of cruelty
of a revolution."
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Personal and Literary Commitment
The solemn fool is always a racist. Democracy is good for Europe or for his Latin
American co~m try of origin. But not for the Cubans, for the Chinese or for the Poles
who are "different," who are following a different "model." This is why the solemn
fools become the instrument of the most vicious policies in the name of great
historical goals. What, 200,000 people must be killed to "save" a revolution?
Then, let us do it; history will absolve us.
Gabriela Mistral, the famous Chilean poet, used to call these people "luxury
democrats."
These "advance ~.�arnings" which Padilla mentions also reveal that he wsnts his literary
work, his poetry and his life to go on being conmmitted. "In my view, the role of
the intellectual is essential in Latin America because people listen to him. In
Europe, it is different. But for us, who labor under dictatorships, the novel must
have other functions besides its purely literary one.
We must speak about urban life, we must give advice, issue warnings, we must practice
a critical awareness. And we must do this ia Caracas ia Buenos Air.es, in Mexi~o,
in Cuba. People must be told about their lives instead of just offering them
wonderful pictures of the reality and grandiloquent descriptions of unusual things
which are usua.lly intended for the European p~iblic."
Is it hard to be an exile? "I do not feel that I an an exile," answers Padilla.
"I teach in New York. I am in constant contact with my people and my country. And I
do not feel like an exile in Spain, this new Spain so full of good examples. I am
deeply moved by the discussions, the demonstrations, the maturity shown both by the
people and by the political parties."
What is the matter, Mr Padilla, haven't you heard people talk about their disenchantment?
"Yes, I have. How foolish, how wicked the disenchanted seem to me. The new Spain is
~ full of charm and intelligence."
"But it has not been able to avoid the solemn fools. Freedom and democracy seem
boring to these people. In any case, I think that ~rhat is happening in Spain is so
admirable that even the solemn fools are entitled to enjoy this democracy which.
they are trying to viciously fight with their diaenchantment."
COPYRIGHT: 1981 INFORMACION Y REVISTAS, S.A.
8796
CSO: 3010/I71
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C OUIdTRY SECTION CU3A
PLO LEADER 'ARAFAT SENDS MESSAGE TO CASTRO
PA180236 Havana PRELA in English 1831 GMT 17 Nov 81
[Quotation marks as received]
[Text] Beirut, Nov 18 (PL)--Yasir 'Arafat, chairman of the executive committee
of the Palestine Liberation Urganization (PLO), sent a message to the president
of Cuba, Fidel Castro, in which he reaffirms his support in the face of the
U.S. threats.
The c~mplete text of the message issued here follows:
Comrade Fidel Castro:
"I would like to express in the name of our Palestinian Arab people, in the name
of my brothers and sisters, members of the executive committee of the Palestine
Liberation Organization and in my own name, our firm and principled stand at
the side of friendly Cuba and its heroic people, against Cuba, that is construct-
ing socialism under your courageous and wise leadership.
"These threats, headed by U.S. imperialism, are none other than another link in
the series of conspiracies planned against the combative Cuban people and
against the friendly Latin American peoples who are struggling to reaffirm their
independence, their sovereignty and their f reedom, and to end the domination
and the stealing of the wealth of th~se peoples by that enraged imperialism.
We have full confidence that the friendly people of Cuba and their armed forces,
under your courageous leadership will defeat these threats and anyone who may
try to harn~ the independence of Cuba, its sovereignty and its freedom.
Brother President, without a doubt these U.S. threats agains t Cuba are an
inseparable part of the U.S. threats launched against the Arab nation. The
rapid deployment forces and the "Bright Star" maneuvers that are being held in
- the region, as well as the formation of the "multicountry force" that will be
dep.loyed in the Sinai, are aimed at bringing our Arab nation to its knees,
subjecting it to imperialist rule and robbing it of its wealth."
The military maneuvers that the Zionist enemy is carrying out in the no~th
of occupied Palestine, aimed against our Palestinian Arab people, against the
Lebanese sister people and sister Syria, are none other than a part of these
threats, that crown the declaration of U.S.-Israeli strategic cooperation.
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Our Palestinian Arab people ttiat are carrying out inflexible resistance
against the new plan of sla.very known as autonomy or self-administration,
~ will continue their just str~~ggle with the support of our Arab nation and
the support of all honest and free msn and women of the world, for the purpose
of recovering their inalienable Iegitimate rights; return self-determination
and the establishment of the indeaendE~it Palestinian state in their national
territory.
I would like on this occasion to praise the relations of combative solidarity
that unite our friendly Palestinian and Cuban peoples, in favor of the
interests of peace of our two peoples and of all t~ie peoples of the world.
"I wish you good health and your people more progress and well-being for
achieving their aspirations in econom3c construction, social well-being and
the defeat of their enemies .
Revulution until victory
Yasir 'Arafat, cliairman of the executive committee of the Palestine Liberation
Organization, and commander in chief of the forces of the Palestinian revolution.
CSO: 3020/29
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COUNTRY SECTTON CUBA
SAHARAN LEADER SENDS CASTRO SOLIDARITY NOTE
PA162248 Havana PRELA in English 1949 GMT 16 Nov 81
[Text] Algiers, Nov 17 (PL)--Saharan leader Mohammed Abdelaziz sent a letter
to the chairman of the movement of nonaligned countries, Fidel Castro, in which
he denounces growing iJ.S. interference in the Western Sahara.
Abdelaziz, generaJ secretary of the POLISARIO front and president of the Council

7 of Command of th e Revolution of the Saharan Republic, draws the attention of the
movement to the seriousness for the region of Washington's decision to support
Morocco even more in its war of occupation in the Sahara.
"Th e United States is no longer content with merely supporting Moroccan
expansionism," the letter says, "it is devoted to encouraging Morocco and
equipping it with means of death and destruction, so as to sub~ect to its
desires a small people who have been fighting without respite for almost
9 years to make their rights, universally recognized, to self-determination,
existence, freedom and national sovereignty, prevail."
"Since 1975," the Saharan leader recalls, "the United States has satisfied
proniptly all the requests for arms made by Morocco in its war of plundering."
He underlines further on that in the face of Saharan tenacity, whose aim is to
install peace in the region, the United States is pr eparing to intervene even
more directly in the conflict, that is none other than a case of decolonization.
Tlie document addressed to Fidel Castro as current chairman of the nonaligned
movement, makes manifest th e recent visit of a U.S. military delegation to
the Western Sahara for studying on the spot the mil itary needs of the Moroccan
Ar my .
"As if its m.ilitary advisers, its F-S-A, F-S-E, OV-10 planes, radar and other
perfected detection equipment were not enotigh," the letter adds.
Tt~e Reagan administration is now preparing to send to Morocco an impressive
arsenal of new arms, not to defend the undiscussed borders of Morocco, but to
allow that country to "continue iCs macabre work of destruction and extermina-
tion of the Saharan people and the occupation of their territory," it points out.
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The letter, datelined Hawza, in the liberated territories, states that this
interference is aggravating tensions in nortY?u~est Africa and can make all the
efforts of the international organizationsto find a peaceful, fair and lasting
solution to the conflict, fail.
With its stand, it underlines, Washington not only shows its scorn of the
_ international community's desire for peace, but that it declares open war
on the OAU, the lJnited Nations and the movement of nonaligned countries.
Finally, Mohammed Abdelaziz launches an appeal to the movement of nonaligned
countries "to assume its responsibilities regarding a problem that directly
concerns it" and that "it unite its efforts to reinforce the possibilities
of peace in northwest Africa and for returning to the Saharan people their
natural rights to independence and national sovereignty."
CSO: 3020/29
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COUNTP,Y SECTION PERU
DOMESTIC MANUFACTURE OF MILITARY ARMS, EQUIPMENT
Madrid DEFENSA in Spanish Aug-Sep 81 p 156
[TextJ The Weapons Manufacturing Center (CEFAR) of the Industrial Service of the
Navy (SIMA) is serie~ producing a light rifle, easily handled and very effective,
not only for domestic requirements but also for export.
These light rifles are the `irst of a series of weapons designed by SIMA specialists.
The liKht rifle in production is the MGP-79, weighing one kilogram less than imported
weapons, it is also much cheaper and easy to disassemble, since it is made of fewer
parts. It has a rifled barrel with 12 grooves, instead of 5, which similar imported
weapons have; as a result, its f ire is very accurate. It has two fire cadences,
of 600 and 900 rounds per minute. The MGP-79 is being produced at CEFAR in quanti-
ties of 3,000 units per month for equipping the Civil Guard and the Republican
Guard, and there is a contract to export 20,000 units for a value of 550 million
- pesetas.
The MGP-70 is the culmination of 3 years of experiments. It will be followed by
the production of an assault rifle, a 9mm pistol, a mortar, and sporting weapons.
An agreement in principle has been reached between the Italian firm Aeromacchi
and Peruvian authorities for the construction of a factory intended for the produc-
tion under license of the MB-339 aircraft, in its trainin� version, MB-339A, and
tactical support version, MB-339K Veltro-2. Although eccmomic problems remain
to be resolved, the figure of 70 aircraft of this type has been mentioned which,
in principle, will reportedly be produced.
5170
CSO: 3010/138
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COUNTRY SECiTJN
PERU
BRIEFS
SOVI~T DELEGATION VISIT Lima, 21 Nov (PL)--The Peruvian foreign minister
announced today that a delegation of the Soviet Union Supreme Soviet will
visit Peru, starting on Tuesday. The m3eaion, which will remain in Peru for
5 days j.~, headed by Antanas S. Barkauskas, vice president of the Lithuanian
Sovi.et Socialist Republic Central Committee. The visitors will be received
by Peruvian Foreign Minister Javier Arias Stella and by Lima's Mayor Eduardo
Orrego. [Text] (PA212315 Havana P1tELA in Spanish 1540 GMT 21 Nov 81]
CSO: 3010/366
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COUNTRY SECTION SURINAME
RUSLAND HAILS STRUGGLE OF SALVADORAN PEOPLE
Celebrates International Students Day
FL181749 Bridgetown CANA in English 1740 GMT 18 Nov 81
[Text] Faramaribo, Suriname, 18 Nov (CE~NA)--A Suriname Goverrmnent minister has
said here that the struggle of the people of E1 Salvador was not an isolated case,
but part of a worldwide movement for liberation and end to colonialism and for
economic emancipation. Minister of Education Harold Rusland made the observat~on
while speaking at a mass rally yesterday to more than 10,000 school-children
following a march around the town to mark international students day, with the
theme "solidarity with the people of E1 Salvador."
At the U.S. Embassy, they presented a petition to an officer, calling for an end
to U.S. intervention in E1 Salvador; the officer in t:~i.n gave the petitioners a
booklet entitled "Towards a Peaceful Solution in E1 Salvador."
The rally passed three resolutions, one to be sent to President Ronald Reagan,
another f or the people of E1 Salvador and the third for the Suriname Goverrmment,
pledging support to the administration and the revolutionary process taking place
in the country.
Mr Rusland told the students he was pleased at their revolution:.ry fervor. What
is taking place in Suriname was part of a worldwide struggle, he said, adding it
was the same way in E1 Salvador.
The students also offered to help the goverrunent in its literacy campaign and,
welcoming the offer, the minister invited ~hose willing to do so to register their
names at the ministry.
The march and solidarity rally was organized by the Suriname-E1 Salvador Commtitee,
the People's Revolutiox?ary Party and the recently-establishec~ revolutionary youth
movement.
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Student Rally
_ YA201530 Havana PRELA in Spanish 1451 GMT 20 Nov 81
[Text] Paramaribo, 20 Nov 'PL)--Hundreds of Surinamese students gathered in front
of the U.S. ~nbassy here to protest the U.S. intervention in the domestic affa3.rs
of E1 Salvador.
The student protest joined that of Education Minister Harold Rusland, who said that
the Salvadoran people's struggle is part of a wider worldwide struggle for libera-
tion and is intended to put an end to colonialism.
A message addressed to the FMLN and the Revolutionary Democratic Front which was
endorsed by thousands of Surinamese students, was read during the rally. In this
message, the students expressed "their admiration of the heroic struggle against
exploitation and oppression."
CSO: 3025/1008
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