JPRS ID: 9724 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000400050020-0
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 33
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 20
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/9970
9 ~eptember 1981
USSR Re ort
p
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
CFOUO 12/81)
~BIS ~OREIGN BROADCAST INFORh/IATION SERVICE
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JPRS L/9970
9 September 1981
USSR REPORT
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
(FOUO 12/81)
CONTENTS
PLANNING AND PLAN IMPLEN~TTATION
Meeting on Scienti#Yc-Technical Programs Reviewe d
(L. Peshkova, V. Logachev; VOPROSY II{ONOMLKI, J~ 81) 1
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Economic Development of Moscow Evaluated
(VOPROSY EKONOMIKI, June 81)
Planning Strategy Discussed, by V. Bitunov
Economic Matters Examined, V. Byslkovskaya
Importance of Planning Territorial Orga.~ization of Productiaoz
(A. A. Nadirov; NARODNOYE KHO~'aYSTVO AZERBAYDZIiADTA, Mar 81) 24
- a - [III - USSR - 3 FOUO]
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PLA2~IQI~1G Ai~iD PLAN IMPLr:MENTATION
MEETI'.JG ON SCIENTIFIC-TECH23ICAL PROGRAMS 1t~VIEI+IED
Moscow VOPROSY EKONOMIKI in Russian No 6, Jun 81 pp 154-155
[Article by L. Peshkova and V. Logachev: "Problems of Forming Scientific-
Technical Programs for the llth Five-Year Plan"]
[Text] Ia Moscow in January 1981, the Scientific Council for the Problem "Or~aniza-
tion and ~conomics of Scientific-Technical Research and Developm.ent" ~~f the State
Committee for Science and Technology held an expanded sesaion at which queations
were discuased on the forming of acientific-technical programs for the llth Five-
Year Plan. There participated in the seas�ion pereonnel of the State Conmiittee for
Science and Technology, Goaplaa US5R, Gosatroy USSR, goaplane and academies of sci-
ences of the union republics anQ USSR tninistries and departments.
In accordanc4 with the "Easic Directions of USSR Economic and Social Development for
1981-1985 and the Period to 1990," broad uae ie being provided for epecial-Roal
complex progranLS in the aolution of concrete scientific-technical problems. The uae
of the special-goal program method makes it possible to concentrate financial and
material resources and scientific cadres on the attainment of end goals, to ensure
integration. in the solution of set tasks, to speed up int.roduction of the results of
scientific research and development and to take into consideration int~errelations
among sectors.
The reports and speeches emphasize that a special feature af the use of the.special-
goal pro~ram method in planninp, of the development of science and technology during
the llth Five-Year Plan is that the programs~conatitute the system. Moreover, they
act as an integral part of state~plans of economic and social development. A close
connection was pointed out between national-economic (social-economic and regional)
and scientific-technical programs,inasmuch as the ~reater portion of the latter are
included in one degree or anather in national-economic pro~rams.
A further development of the special-~?oa1 pro~ram methad of planz~in~ in the current
five-year plan is also is sinpling out of s~~ecial-~oal complex pro~rams f.ror: amon~
scientific-technical pro~rams that provide for lar~e-scale realization of the most
significant scientific-technical achievements. The end aim _of these programs is
concrete production volumes and industrial inteqration of new ec!uipment and tech-
nology, manufacturing processes, new methods of or~anization of production, manufac-
ture and use of already assimilated (in process of assimilation) pro~resaive
types of products and tectmolo~y for already created facilities.
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A list of scientific-technical and also new special-goal complex programs has been
set for tlie current five-year plan by the State Cornmittee for Science and Technolog;?,
Gosplan USSF., Gosstroy USSR and the US~R Academy of Sciences with the participation
of USSR ministries and departments and the co~ncils of ministers of the union
republics.
In t:~e development of all the types of programs, a mai.or role was played by the Com-
plex Program of Scientific-Technical Progress for the Period to the Year 2000, wh~ch
presents a unified conception of the development of science, t~chnology and produc-
- tion in the form of a system of interrelated forecasts.
In distinction to the lOth Five-Year Plan, all the pro~;rams for the current five-year
plan have been approved by tile State Committee for Science and Technology ~ointly
caith Gosplan U:~SR and the USSR Academy of Sciences. Of exceptionally imriortant si~-
nificance for operation of the programs is the designation, of directors of programs
and individual targeta and the organization of coordinatinp councils for individual
pro~rams and coordinating departments at leading acientific-research institutes (at the
State Committee for Scfence and Technology there has been prepared a statute on the
coordinating depastment). Program directors compile work plane for programs and ex-
ercise control over their implementation.
In accordance with the decree of the Cf'SU Central Committee and the USSR Council of
- Ministers (July 1979), expert examinatian bf indiwidual work operations performed
according to the programs is obligatory (at th~ State Committee for Science and Tech-
nology a draft has been prepared for an ~ppropriate atatute).
At the conference, there were examined alao questions of material stimulation of
work performed according to the programs. Ma~or interest in this connection was
- provoked by a report on the work experience of the Ministry of Electrical Equipment
Industry.
Problems of material-technical provision for the scientific-technical programs were
also discussed. The existing syetem of material-technical ~upport for the programa
is imperfect. The need evidently exista to develop a special-goal complex program
for material-technical support of the pro~rams. Of ma~or importance for ~~he opera-
tion of the programs is the Uprant ProRram; it constitutes a social-economic experi-
ment on the scale of several apecial-Ro^.1 complex programs. Within the framework of
the Uprant Yrogram, provision has been ;aade for the development, ex~aerimental verifi-
cation and introduction of a complex of ineasures for improvin~ the planning and ad-
ministratio~ of scientifi r technical progress in the country.
The programs include basic tarRets whi~h in turn are included in the State Five-Year
Plan�af Economic and Social Development of the USSR: the creation and start-up of
facilities with new equipmen~t and new px~oduction operations based on pro~reasive
manufacturin~; processes; the development and introduction of new types and systems
of high-production machines and automated equipment, new types of buildings and
structures, effective meaas of inechanization and automatian for comprehensive ec;uip-
m~nt of all sectors of the national economy. Basic assi~nmenta designate leadir,g min-
istries and departments, responsib].e for the creation and assimilation of new equ�.p-
net and technology, provision of the required scientific and technical level, coor~�
dination of the work of coexecutors, ma~erial-technical support, exercise of control
. 2
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over the fulfiliment of the entire com~lex of work and timely statement of account-
ability. Basic assignments also indicate the most important indicators of the
technical-economic level of production and concrete examples of new equipment and
technology, time of beginning and assimilation in production of new products and
introduction of progressive technology with a breakda~m by years of the five-year
plan and estimated cost of the work.
The provided assimilati.on of new types of equipment and technolog}r by the programs
is at tt~e same time taken into account in the plans for introduction of new equip-
- ment and in production plans.
COPYRICHT: Izdatel~stvo "Pravda", ~~Voprosy ekonomiki", 1981
7697
CSO: 1820/223
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REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF MOSCOW EVALUATID
P].anning Strategy Discussed ~
Moscow VOPROSY EKONOMII:I in Russian No 6, June 81 pP 15-22
[Article by V. Bitunov: "Comprehensive Planning for the Economic and Social
Development of Moscow]
[Text] One of the most important directions in improving planning is the combining
of its sector and territorial aspects. The es~ence of territorial planning lies
in insuring the comprehensive development of the national economy in each economic
region on the basis of an opttmum sector structure.
Two trends can now be discerned in territorial planning. The first is associated
with planning for the comprehensive development of relatively large regions within
the territorial context, and the second is connected with regulating urban agglom-
erations. In the peri~~ of developed socialism the role of the cities--one of
the most important forms in the socioeconomic and territorial organization of
society--ob~ectively grows. "....Cities are centers of the economic, political
and spiritual life of a people and are the motive force of progress."* Lenin"s
appraisal of the role of the city in the life of a society is particularly apropos
today.
During the years of soviet power the urban population of the USSR has more than
quintupled. Urban dwe~lers now make up 63 percent of the country's total
population.** During the course of the planned socialist transformations the
. network of new cities has been expanded and the national economic potential of
old cities has grown and been renewed. By the mid-seventies a network of population
centers had been created. Its basis was formed from cities with populations of
more than 100,000. By 1977 the number of such cities had topped 250. Their
* V.I. Lenin. Complete Collected Worka;, Vol 23 p 341
- "SSSR v tsifrakh v 1979" [The USSR in Figures, 1979], Statistika Publishing
House 1980, p 7
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' economic base is growing rapidly. Almost two-thirds of the countr~'s fixed capital
is in the citi.es. Direct expenditures on the development of city construction
during the lOth Five-Year Plan exceeded R100 billion.* The prop.ortion bf
the total population living in major cities is growing substantially. Some 53
million people, or mnre than one-fourth of the urban population o` the USSR, are
now concentrated in 46 cities (with populations of more than SOC,000).
The substantial growth in the urban population is creating the objective basis
for deepening the approach to revealing the essence and features of the urban
aspect of socialist planning, Insuring the correct combination of the interests
of individual enterprises and organizations and sector and departmental interests
while effecting comprehensive planning in a major city is associated with the
implen?entation of specific planning functions. A city is a unified national
economic complex that requires harmonious and balanced development. However,
there is still no organ that draws up the plan for a city in its entirety and
for its entire national economic complex. As a result, plans for the comprehensive
development of cities frequently suffer from a one-sidedness.
In the period of developed socialism the range of problems in which the urban
aspect of territorial planning is paramount is widening. In terms of their nature,
problems like public health, improving labor and everyday con3itions and trade
and personal services, the more complete satisfaction of cultural requirements
~ and so forth are largely territorial, but their resolution calls for comprehensive
urban development.
A number of questions connected with further improving the comprehensive development
of the country's major cities are now being resolved. In recent years appropriate
methodologic materials have been compiled. Interesting experience in comprehensive
planning for the development of the urban economy has been gained in Leningrad,
Sverdlovsk, Donetsk and other large cities. Moscow is making a substantial
contribution to the resolution of this question.
? The constant concern of the CPSU and the Soviet Government and the help from all
the Soviet people have made it possible in a short time historically to make
_ Moscow a very large economic, administrative and political, scientific and
cultural center. At the 26th CPSU Congress the task was set of transforming Moscow
into a model communist city. The role of the plan in solving this task is great.
Moscow's history is eloquent testimony to the great possibilities opened up by
socialism and the planned system for managing the economy for the comprehensive
development of cities. The statistics show that during the years of Soviet power
the volume of gross industrial oucput in Moscow has increased by a factor of 23U
and labor productivity by a factor of 36. The development of Moscow's industry
represents the path of radical reconstruction of old enterprises and the creation
of new and modern enterprises, the introduction of the achievements of science
and technology into production, the modernization and replacement of equipment,
* D. Khodzhayev. "Kompleksnost' - glavnoye napravleniye v zastroyke gorodov"
[Complextty--the Main Direction in the Construction of CiLiesJ, PLANOVOYE
KHOZYAYSTVO No 8, 1976 p 43
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and the provision of ineans of inechanization and automation. Moscow's share of
industry in the all-union output of automob~.les, machine tools, construction
materials, instruments and other very important products is high. It is the
country's largest transportation 3unction. Each year the Moscow railroad
junction handles more trran 72 million tons of various kinds of freight; each day
it deals with about 1.6 million passengers using the commuter lines and the long
distance railroad linea; while each year more than 30 million tons of freight
and 5.2 million passengers a~ce transported on the waterways. Each day more than
20,000 passengers fly out of Moscow's four airports t~ the cities of the Soviet
Union and abroad. Moscow is a gigantic construction site wher~e each year about
- R3.5 billion of capital investmenf~s are assimilated. The scope of housing
construc*_ion is enormous. Each year 4 million to 4.5 million square meters of
housing are built.
In Moscow, much experience has been gained in plarining--exper~ence that is
characteri2ed by considerable changes in the system and methods of planning and
that intraduces qualitatively new elements into them. These changes are of a
periodic nature, since planning methods must be stable for definitQ and suffici~:ntly
long periods of time (several years); this is essential for the most complete
realization of the tasks that have been set. Moreover, the methods, indicators
and forms of planning should be unified.
Along