JPRS ID: 9928 MONGOLIA REPORT

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• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000400040040-9
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• Content Type: REPORTS

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i~(IK ()1~1~1('IA1. litil~: ()NI,Y
JPRS L/9928
24 August 1981
~/1on ol ia Re ort
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(FOUO 1 /81)
FBIS FOREIGN BROADCaST INFORMATION SERVICE
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JPRS L/9928
- 24 August 1981
MONGOLIA REPORT
cFOUO i/sl~
CONTENTS
Cooperation Between USSR, MPR Academies of Science~ Described
(I. A. Surinov; VESTNIK AKADEMII NAUK SSSR, Pio 6, .;un 81) 1
- a - (III - ASIA - I.06 FOUO]
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, UDC 0~1(100)
COOPERATION BETi~'EEN USSR, MPR ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES DESCRIBED
_ Moscow VESTNIK AKADEMII NAUK SSSR in Russian No 6, Jun 81 pp 74-81
/Article by I. A. Surinov: "Cooperation of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the
MPR Academy of Sciences"/
/Text/ The Mongolian People's Republic--the country which was first after the So-
viet Russia to follow the path of the building of socialism--is celebrating thia
year the 60th anniversary of the People's Revolution. The triumph of the People's
Revolution in 1921 created the conditions for the Mongolian people to overcome many
centuries of backwardness, and now under the guidance of the MPRP it is successf~li-
ly developing its economy, culture and science.
The science of present-day Mongolia was formed with the direct participation of So-
viet science. This process was characterized hy a short historical period. Mon-
golia, which prior to the 1921 revolution did nat have scientific institutions and
scientists, in the 1950's already had higher educational institutions and scientific
research institutes, which were established with the assistance of the Soviet Union.
, In 1961 the highest scientific institution of th~ country--the Academy of Sciences
of the Mongolian People's Republic--was organized.
, The cooperation of Mongolian and Soviet scientists is based on the abundant mate-
rial of the research conducted in Mongolia by prominent progressive scientists of
prerevolutionary Russia and on the great experience of the nost-October period,
when close Soviet-Mongolian relations were established. The names of prominent
figures of our domestic science--N. M. Przheval'skiy, N. G. Potanin, D. A. Pozd-
neyev, P. K. Kozlov, G. Ye. Grumm-Grzhimaylo, M. V. Pevtsov, V. A. Obruchev, B. Ya.
~ Vladimirtsov, S. A. Kozin and many others--have been permanently inscribed in the
history of the study of Mongolia. Encyclopedists in their knowledge, they laid the
foundations of moder:~ research in this country both in geography and in many fields
of geology, biology, history, economics and philology. .
In postrevolutionary Mongolia the problem of studying its natural resources for the
purposes of their development and the development of the national economy became
urgent. The Soviet Union came to Lhe aid of the country, which did not have its
own scientists.
In 1925 the Soviet Government establi;,,hed the Mongolian Commission, which then
worke3 from 1927 to 1953 in the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The
~ most prominent Soviet scientists: Academicians V. A. Obruchev, B. B. Polynov,
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V. S. Nemchinov, D. S. Belyankin, A. Grigor'ye~, I. M. Mayskiy, K. I. Skryabin,
V. N. Sukachev and others, belonged to it. The commission coordinated the research,
which was conducted in Mongolia jointly by Soviet and Mongolian scientific institu-
tions, organized diverse expeditionary operations and nublished TRUDY MONGOL'SKOY
KOMISSII.
The intergovernmental Agreement on Cultural Cooperation, which was signed in 1956,
became an important landmark in the development of the scientific relations of the
USSR and MPR; on its basis the Agreement on Scientific Cooperation Between the USSR
Academy of Sciences and the M~'R Committee for Sciences and Higher Educatioii was con-
cluded on 12 December 1960. These agreements became the legal basis of the coopera-
_ tion of the USSR Academy of Sciences with the MPR Academy of Sciences, which was
founded in 1961. They lent Soviet-Mongolian scier_:ific relations great purpose-
fulness and a systematic nature.
The gained experience of cooperati.on and its steadily increasing tasks, which stem-
med from the interests of both parties and entailed the broadening and intensifica-
tion of the relations in all fields of the natural and social sciences, brought to
light the need to conclude a special agreement on scientific cooperation between
the USSR and MPR Academies of Sciences. It was signed in Moscow on 3 April 1967
without the limitation of the period of validity.
The agreement contains the following main sections: the performance of joint scien-
tific work and the coordination of research, the exchange of scientific literature
and information and reference materials, scientific cnissions, financial questions.
_ The years that have passed have confirmed the vitality cf the agreement. Two- and
- three-year interacademy plans of cooperation, which provid~d for the joint elabora-
tion of specif~c scientific themes, began to be drafted and signed regularly on its
- basis. Four multispecialization joint Soviet-Mongolian scientific expeditions with
long-term programs: the geological, paleontological, biological and cultural his-
tory programs, which made it pogsible to unite int~o large collectives the groups of
scientists, who pr3~r to this worked separately, were organized. The USSR Academy
af Sciences put at the disposal of these expeditions a large fleet of motor vehi-
cles and other equipment for field work.
_ A characteristic trait of Soviet-Mongolian interacademy cooperation is the close
connection between r.he performance of theoretical, basic scientific research and
the solution of social and r.ational economic problems. Academician B. Shirendeb,
president of the MPR Ac~demy of Sciences, when delivering in 1971 the report "Mon-
golian Science on Its SOth Ar.niversary," especially noted the fruitfulness of scier_- ;
tific cooperation between the scientists of the MPR and the scientists of other
socialist countries, first of all the Sov~et Union. He emphasized that the frater-
_ nal friendship b~tween the peoples of the MPR and the USSR and the extensive co-
operation between our countries have played and are playing an accelerating role
, in the socialist transformations which have occurred in the life of Mongolia over
the past SO years and that this has affected the development of science.
It is necessary to emphasize thaz since the late 1960's the relations between the
scientists of our academies havs lost more and more the nature of assistance from
~ the Soviet side and are being transformed into genuine cooperation, to which both
parties are making a 5ignificant contribution in their mutual interestso Now many
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young Mongolian specialists are undergoing graduata training and are defending dis-
sertations at Soviet academic institutions. But the number of Mongolian scien-
tists who are coming to the institutions of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and So-
viet scientists who are coming to the MPR Academy of Sciences for a long period
(a year or more) to work in staff positions at the institutes of these academies,
where they perform research on urgent themes in the interests of both countr~es,
is increasing with each year. More than 200 scientists of each academy annually go
- respectively to the USSR and the MPR to work in d~.verse fields of the natural and
= social sciences and ro take part in various scientific conferences.
In 1971 the Commission for the Scientific Coopera~ion of the USSR Academy of Sci-
ences and the MPR Acadenry of Sciences was founded on an equal footing. The commis-
sion, to which leading Soviet and Mongolian scientists belong, at its meetings
elaborates recommendations on the ~rain directions of the scientific cooperation of
_ the academies. Academician A. P. Vinogradov, vice president of the USSR Academy of
Sciences, and H. Tsereb, vice president of the MPR Acade~y of Sciences, were its
' first cochairmen. At present Vice President Academician A. V, Sidorenko and Vice
President Academician Sh. Tsegmid chair the commission.
Recently, in 1980, the Comm~_ssion fo?- ~ooperation of both academies in the area of.
the social sciences was established to strengthen the cooperation of the sucial
sciantists of the two cour_tries. Academician A. P. Okladnir:ov chairs its Soviet
section, Academician Sh. Bira chairs its Mongolian section.
Leading scientists ~iirect the joint research at both academies. The executive or-
gans of the academies are devoting much attention to the development and intensifi-
cation of cooperation. The visits of delEgations of prominent scientists of the
MPR Academy of Sciences to the scientific institutions of Moscow, Leningrad, the
Siberian Department and the Far Eastern Scientific Center of the tTSSR Academy of
Sciences, the academies of sciences of Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kirghizia and Kazakh-
stan were important events of Soviet-Mongolian interacademy cooperation. President
of the MPR Academy of Sciences and Foreign Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Academician B, Shirendeb headed the del~gations.
Soviet scientists are proud of the high rating in the Mongolian People's Republic
of their disinterested contribution to the development of Mongolian science, the
training of scientists and the strengthening of Mongolian-Soviet friendship. ?'he
USSR Acade~ny of Sciences received with much gratitude the h3ghest award of the
MPR--the Order of Sukhe Bator, which it was awarded ~n its 250th anniversary.
Many Soviet scientists, natural scientists and social scientists have been awarded
_ orders and medals of the Mongolian People's Republic. Academicians A. P. Aleksan-
- drov, Ye. M. Zhukov, M. V. Keldysh, Ye. M. Lavrenko, I. M. Mayskiy, A. P. Okladni-
kov, Ye. K. Fedorav and A. L. Yanshin were elected at different times as foreign
- members of the MYR Academy of Sciences.
For hoth academies the year 1975, when a five-year plan of scientific cooperation
between them was si.gned for the first time, was memorable. The plan for 1976-1980
provided for the elaboration of themes which ~ncompassed practically all fields of
the natural ~nd social sciences. The group of Soviet academic institutions, which
are cooperating with the ir.stitutions of the MPR Academy of Sciences, was enlarged
considerably: the academic institutes of Minsk, Tashkent, Alma-Ata, Frunze and
' Ashkhabad have now been added to the institutes of Moscow, Leningrad, Novosibirsk,
- Irkutsk and Ulan-tTde.
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Tlie direct relations of the scientific institutions of the USSR Academy of Sciences
and the MPR Academy of Sciences are being strengthened. The joint work plan of the
institutes.for each theme of the five-year interacademy problem and thematic plan
set forth the obligations of both parties and the necessary conditions of coopera-
tion and became the programs of specific joint operations, which were successfully
completed in 1980.
Soviet-Mongolian scientific (interacademy) and scientific and technical cooperation
is being carried out in conformity with the decisions of the intergovernmental.
Soviet-I~ongolian Conanission for Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation,
througk~ the state committees for science and technology of the two countries. Joint
scientific research expeditions have become an important form of Soviet-Mongolian
interacademy cooperation.
_ The joint Soviet-Mongolian geological expedition (the supervisors are Academician
A. L. Yanshin on the part of the USSR Academy of Sciences and Corresponding Member
B. Lubsandandzan on the part of the MPR Academy of Sciences) ~ince 1967 has examined
extensive territories of the Mongolian People's Republic and has solvec~ a number of
~ questions concerning their geological structure and their history of geological d~-
velopment. The geological. map of the republic, which was published in 1971, was re-
vised considerably in accordance with the materials of the expedition, a general
tectonic map, a map of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic structures, a map of of the gran3.-
toid formations and their absolute age, a geological map of the Mongolian Altay
Mountains and a geopedological map were compiled and published. Fore~:asting metal-
logenic map diagrams for the most important minerals, a geomorphological map, maps
- of quaternary deposits and geological formations ware compiled. The expedition sub-
s~antiated the existence on the territory of the republic of the large Hobsgol
phosphorite-bearing basin and discovered a number of shows of ore, which are of na-
tional econo~ic importance. A large number of joint works were published on the
basis of the materials of the expedition.
The joint Soviet-Mongolian paleontological expedition (the supervisors are Corre-
sponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences L. P. Tatarinov on the part of the
USSR Academy of Sciences and R. Barsbold on the part of the MPR Academy of Science),
having begun to work in 1969, has collected on the territory of People's Mongolia
unique and representative collections of fossil organisms (wliich for the most part
were previously unknown to science). The collections cast li;ht on ~ome key ques-
tions of paleontology, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography, which may be of sub-
stantial importance not only for basic. science, but also for the solution of indi-
vidual problems, which are conn~cted with geological prospecting, the establish-
- ment of the laws of the distribution af minerals and the forecasting of their pro-
specting. The results of the joint work of the expedition are published regularly
in scientific publications.
The joint Soviet-Mongolian combined biological expedition (the supervisors are
Academician Ye. M. Lavrenko on the part of the USSR Academy of Sciences and Corre-
sponding Member Ts. Dabajamts on the part of the MPR Academy of Sciences), which
has been working since 197U, has gathered large botanical and zoological collec-
tions, has compiled maps of the vegetation and soils of the republic, has prepared
plans of the use and improvement of the pastures of its state economies, has made
a study of the main pests of its agriculture and forestry, has identified procaising
medicinal and technical plants and the possibilities of their industrial procure-
ment and has outlined the main systems of forestry management and the means of the
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efficient use of the forests of the MPR. The main results of the research have
been published.
The joint Soviet-Mongolian cul~ural history expedition (the supervisors are Academi-
cian A. P. Okladnikov on the part of the USSR Academy of Sciences and Academician
Sh. Natsagdorj on the part of the MPR Academy of Sciences) during the past decade
has discovered on the territory of the republic ancient monuments which are of great
importance for casting light on the ancient and medieval history ~f Mongolia and
the peoples of neighboring countries, first of all the peoples of Siberia.
~ The Ins.titute of History, Philology and Philosophy of the Siberian Department of
the USSR Academy of Sciences jointly with Mongolian scientists published the mono-
graph "Sibir`, Vostochnaya i Tsentral'naya Aziya v drevnosti" /Siberia, Eastern and
Central Asia in AntiqLitY/. On the basis of the materials of expeditionary work,
which had been gathered since 1960, the collective monograph "Arkheologiya i etno-
- grafiya MPR" /The Archeology and Ethnography of the MPR/ was prepared and published
(Novosibirsk, 1979), a number of other monographic studies, which wil~ play an im-
portant role in the development of Mongolian historical science and Soviet Mongolian
_ studies, have been prepared for publication.
The joint scientific expeditions are a good school for the training of highly
skilled scientists from among young Mongolian specialists (a large number of doc-
torial and candidate dissertations were defended on the basis of materials of tne
expeditions), while the results of the research being performed by the expeditions
in a number of instanr_es serve as the basis for the solution of social problems and
the efficient use of the natural resources of the republic in the national economy.
The join~ work of the institutes of the USSR Aca3emy of Sciences and the scientific
inst~tutions of the MFR has been very productive. Thus, in the 1970~s the Institute
of Natural Sciences of the Buryat Affiliate of the Siberian Department of the USSR
Academy of Sciences conducted work on the theme "The Study of the Yroperties of a
Medium on the Basis of the Peculiarities of the Propagation of Radio Waves" jointly
with the Institute of Physics and Technology of the MPR Academy of Sciences. Insti-
tutions of the MPR Ministry of Communications and the Mongolian State University
_ paxticipated in the work. Importunt ek-pErimental data were obtained. A map of che
_ parameters of the geoelectrical cross-sections of Mongolia was drawn. Recommenda-
tions on the enlargment of the area of television services of Tob and Selenge
_ Aymags of the MPR were elaborated.
= The Siberian Power Engineering Institute of the Siberian Department of the USSR
Academy af Sciences is performing jointly with the Scientific Research and Design
Instituta of the Iiinin~ and Power Engineering Industry of the MPR work ~n the theme
"The Elaboration of the Procedural Principles of the Oprimization of the Fuel and
Power Fialance of the MPR for the Future (the Optimization of the FL~el and Power
Balance of the MPR for the Period 1975-1990)." Mongolian specialists have been given
assistance in the development of a linear model of the general power system of the
republic; consultations on the method of modeling the fuel and power system and its
practical realization and on the methods of predicting the long-range power con-
stnnpticn have been held; the training of Mongolian specialists in the use of mathe-
matical economics models and computers in power engineering calculations has been
orgar_ized. Within the framework of this joint work, versions of the fuel and power
balance and the development of the power system of the MPR for 1980-1990 were cal-
culated by the Mongolian specialists.
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The joint monograph of scientists of the Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences and the MPR
Academy of Sciences, "Khimiya eiirnykh masel nekoto~kh rasteniy MPR" /The Chemis-
try of the Essential Oils of Some Plants of the MPR/, was published in Alma-Ata
in 1980.
Scientists of the USSR and the Mongolian People's Republic are devoting much effort
to thP implem.entation of the ComFrehensive Program of Sociali~t Economic Integra-
tion. The scientific institutions of the MPR Academy of 5ciences are actively
participating not only in bilateral cooperation with the USSR Acaderay of Sciences,
but also in the elaboration of scientific problems within the frame~aork of multi-
lateral cooperation of the acaedmies of sciences of the socialist countries. In
conformity with the principles of the Comprehensive Program of Soci~slist Economic
Integratior the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Hungary Academy of Sciences, in
accordance o~ith the decision of the governments of their countries, in the 1970's
gave assistance to the MPR Academy of Sciences in the establishment of the Labora-
tory of Genetics and in the training of personnel for it.
The relations and cooperation of the scientists of both countries in the area ~f
the social sciences are being actively developed on a bilateral and muitilateral
basis. Thus, Mongolian scientists are taking an active part in the work of the
~ multilateral problem commission "The History of Great October and Subsequent Social-
_ ist Revolutions"; the MPR Academy of Sciences is the coordinator of the working
- group "The October Revolution and the Noncapitalist Path of Development to Social-
ism." ~
The bilateral cooperation of So~=iet and Mongolian scientists in the elaboration o�
the problems of modern and recent history and economics, which are of interest to
both parties, is characterized by constant activity.
_ It is possible to say without exaggeration that the joinz work of the scientists
of such institutes of the USSR Academy of Sciences as the Institute of Oriental
Studies, the Institute of Economics of the World Socialist System, the Institute of
History, Philology and Philosophy of the Siberian Department, the Institute of the
Far East and the Institute of Scientific Information on the Social Sciences with
their colleagues from the institutes of the MPK Academy of Sciences long ago became
genuine cooperation. There is not one urgent problem of the present, on which cre-
ative discussions and the systematic exchange of know-how and opinions would not be
held, joint works would not be published and so on. Scientists of the MPR have
workec? long periods at these institutes of the USSR Academy of Sciences. During
the 1970's Mongolian scientists defended eight doctoral dissertations at the Insti-
tute of Oriental Studies alone.
Scientific conferences and sessions, whi.ch are devoted to memorable events in the
' history of Mon~olia, are being held at tne Institute of Oriental Studies. Repre-
sentatives of many academic and nonacademic instituzions o~ the USSR deliver re-
port~ at them. These conferences and sessions are held with the participation of
_ prominent Mongolian scientists and attract the attention of broad circles of the
Soviet publico
Fruitful creative cooperation was established in the 1970's betw~een the Institute
of World Literature of. the USSF Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Language
and Literature of the MPR Academy of Sciences.
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The USSR Academy of Sciences and the MPR Academy of Sciences are constantly taking
steps for the further extension and intensification of cooperation and the increase
of its effectiveness. Thus, President of the USSR Academy e:f Sciences Academict~n
A. P. Aleksandrov and President of the MPR Academy of Sciences Academician B. Shir-
endeb, having discussed at a meeting on 5 December 1978 the progress of Soviet-
Mongolian interacademy cooperatioti, came to an agreement on the implementation of a
number of joint measures which are necessary for its even more successful develop-
= ment. At the meetings in 1978-1980 of the executives of the MPR Academy of Sciences
with the executives and leading scientists of the USSR Academy of Sciences the pro-
ductiveiiess of cooperation was noted and questions of increasing its effectiveness
were also discussed. The elaborated recommendations have been implemented by the
cooperating institutions.
_j The academies resolved to establish closer cooperation in the area of patent and
licensing work, and in 1979 the T.reaty on Joint Patent and Licensing Work was signed.
In 1978 a delegation of the Buryat Affiliate of the Siberian Department of tne USSR
Academy of Sciences, which was headed by Chairma~ of the Presidium of the Affiliate
- M. V. Mokhosoyev, went to Mongolia on the invitation of the Presidium of the MPR
Academy of Sciences. A delegation of the MPR Academy of Sciences headed by Academi-
cian B. Shirendeb, the president of this academy, made a return visit to the Buryat-
skaya ASSR in April 1980. The delegations discussed the progress of cooperation and
outlined the themes for joint elaboration during the new five-year plan.
Much work has been done at both academies on the preparation of the plan of scien-
' tific cooperation for 1981-1985.
On 29 April 1980 in the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences the plan, after
the thorough discussion of its draft by the delegations, was signed 'by Vice Presi-
dent of the USSR Academy oi Scienc~es Academician V. A. Kotel'nikov and President of
the MPF Academy of Sciences Academician B. Shirendeb..
- The need for the close relationship of the research being jointly conducted with
the needs of practice and with the solution of social and national economic prob-
lems is taken into account in the them~es of the new five-year plan to an even
greater extent than in the preceding plans. In accordance with the ptan joint work
will be continued (and in a number of instances will be started) in the area of
mathematics, geoptiysics, heat and mass exchange, the use of solar energy, the de-
velopment of new means of the chemicalization of agriculture, the chemistry of
pharmaceuticals, the geography ef the MPR, philosophy, sociology, history, economics
and philology. The activity of the geological, paleontological, biological and
cultural history expeditions will be extended. The strengthening of the coopera-
tion between the institutions of the MPR Academy of Sciences and the Siberian De-
partment of the USSR Academy of Sciences is envisaged.
During the talks the delegations, having given a high rating to the fruitful re-
sults of the joint activity of the academies during 1976-1980, emphasized their own
aspiration to make cooperation during the new five-year plan even more effective.
The signed plan is a significant contribution to the further development of compre-
hensive Soviet-Mongolian scientific cooperation and to the accomplishn~ent of the
tasks set for the scientists of our countries by the Communist Party of the ~oviet
Union and the Mongoli.an People's Revolutionary Party.
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The article had already been prepared to send for setting, when the report was con-
veyed throughout the world: the Soyuz-39 space vehicle, which was manned by an inter-
national crew--Hero of the Soviet Union Commander Vladimir Dzhanibekov, a pilot-
cosmonaut of the liSSR, and research cosmonaut Jugderdemidiyn Gurragchaa, a citizen
of the rfongolian People's Republic, was in space.
The flight of the Soviet-Mongolian crew is a new vivid display of the fraternal
friendship of the USSR and the MPR, a new expressien of the cooperation of the
sciei~tists of both countries. It is significant that at the B~ykonur launch site
President of the MPR Academy of Sciences Academician B. Shirendeb as a member of
the Mongolian government delegation and Vice President of the USSR Academy of Sci-
ences Academician V. A. Kotel'nikov as chairman of the Interkosmos Council, who had
recently signed the plan of scientific cooperation of the two academies for
13&1-i9a5, were among those present who saw off the crew of the Soyuz-39 space
vehicle.
During the flight the studies of space for peaceful purposes, which are being con-
ducted by the socialist countries ~articipating in the Interkosmos program, were
continued, the planned studies and experiment~, which were prepared jointly by the
USSR and the MPR, were successfully conducted.
As is known, the Presidium oi the USSR Supreme Soviet awarded Hero of the Soviet
Union, USSR Pilot-Cosmonaut V. A. Dzhanibekov the Order of Lenin and ~ second Gold
Star Medal for the successful accomplishment of space flight on the Salyut 6-Soyuz
orbital scientific research complex and the courage and heroism displayed in so
doing; MPR citizen, research cosmonaut J. Qirragcha~ was awarded the title of Hero
of the Soviet Union with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star
- Medal.
The Presidium of the People's Great Hural of the MPR awarded V. A. Dzhanibekov and
J. Gurragchaa the first cosm~naut of the MPR, the title of Hero of the Mongolian
People's Republic with the presentation of the Order of Sukhe Bator and the Gold
Star Medal for the successful completion of the joint Soviet-Mongolian flight on
the Salyut 6-Soyuz orbital scientific research complex.
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Nauka", "Vestnik Akademii nauk SSSR", 1~81 .
7807
CSO: 1819/1 END
8
FUR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400040040-9