JPRS ID: 9776 JAPAN REPORT

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• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/9776
S June 1981
Ja an Re ort
p p
(FOUO 34/81) .
F~~$ FOREIGN BROADCAST iNFORMATION SERVICE
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JPRS L/9776
8 June 1.9 81
JAPAN REPORT
(FOUO 34/81)
CONTENTS
POLITICAL
Suzul:i May Find It Hard To Up Defense Spending
(Yoshio Matsui; THE DAILY YOMIURI, 19 Play 81) 1 ~
Miserable Seauel to Summit
(Minoru Hirano; THE DAILY YOMIURI, 18 May 81) 3
Nakasone's Periphery Becaming Animated .
_ (Takehiko Takahashi; MAINICHI DAILY NEWS, 13 May 81)..,......... 5
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
. Various Industrial Fields~Advance Into Robot Ar?a
~ (JAPAN ECONOMIC JdURNAL, 28 Apr S1) 7
Right Secured To Explore Nigerian Uranium
(Isao Saotome; JAPAN ECONOMIC JGURNAL, 28 Apr 81) 9
_ More Companies Enter [aord Processor Market
(JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, 28 Apr 81) 10
Personal Computer rfakers Step Up Exports ro Europe
(JAPAN EC~ONOMIC JOURNAL, 28 Apr 81) 11
P?EC Gets Most Orders for Digital Exchange Systems
;
'(JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, 28 Apr 81) 12
Pra::t.ical Power Plant Relying on Sea Wave Drafted
(JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, 28 Apr 81) 13
Engine Pro~ect With United Kingdom To Remain 'Flexible'
(JAPAN ECOr10MIC JOURNAL, 12 May 81).......' 14
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Institute Assumes Job of Holding Micra~rganisms ,
_ (JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, 1~2 May 81)....... 15
Ricoh Makes Pliant Type Liquid Crystal Dispiay
(JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, 12 May 81) 16
MITI Plans Firm for YX Plane Sale
(JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, 19 May 31) 17
Fokker-Douglas Group Asks To Join Aircraft Development Plan
(JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, 19 May 81) 18
Plastic Injection Molder Makers in Technological Development Race
(JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, 19 May 81) 19
Nissho Plans To Commercialize Biomass Studie s in 5 Years .
(JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL. 19 May S1) 20
New Pigments Found Tc~ Possess High Capacity Long Wave Absorption
(JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, 19 May 81) 21
Single Mode Fiber Optics Communications
(JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, 19 MaS~ 81) 22
Local Governments Striving To Foster High Technology Industries
(JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, 19 May 81) 23
Single Crystals of Metal Carbide New1y Produced
(JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, 19 May 81).......... 25
Brief s
Nuclear Spent Fuel Plant 26
Revamping Aluminum Industry 26
Mass-Market of Memory Chips 27
C. Itoh Semiconductor Line 27
Greater Computer Exports ~ 27
Soviet Steel Inspection Mission 28
Optical Long Wavelength System . 28
Carbon Fiber Concrete 28
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POLITICAL
SUZUKI MAY FIND IT FIARD TO UP DEFENSE SPENDING
Tokyo THE I~P~ILY YOMIURI in English 19 May 81 p 5
- ~Article by Yoshio Matsui~
~ Tex t~ In the Japan-U3 summit itsel! in the same manner.
President Reagan, . as ex- As a result Japan will have
pected, strongly pressed to materialize its tsnswer in
, Prime Minister Suzuki tor the 8sca1 1082 budget.
Japan~se egorts to build up Prime Minister 3uzuki,
defense, and 3uzuki seems however, hes promised not
to have tacitly promised to to increase taxes in the
do so. coming iiscal year. More-
Oi course no deflnite S- over, Snancial rehabilita-
gures to this end have been tion is a task oi prime im-
given. But the U8 is ap- portance for the Suzuki
parently confldent that Ja- government.
pan will verliy its promise The government plans to
by soon deciding upon con- decrease the selling ot gov-
crete Sgures. ernment bonds by nearly
In iact, Secretary of ~2,OU0 billion lrom th~ cur-
8tate Alexander Haig has rent Sscal year's ~F12,270 bil-
said that the U9 has no in- llon.
tention o1 pressing Japan � The Flnance' Mlnistrq ten-
in tersns oi the delsnse tatively eatimates the short-
problem but that he bellev- age oi revenue ior the next
ed Japan would voluntarily Sscal year at ~2,700 billion.
build up its delense capa- ~ situation will inevitab-
city, apparently expecting ly necessitate a decrease in
much oi the oSicial-level expenditures.
conierence based on the ~e � U3 is nevertheless
Japan-U3 securitp treaty urging Japan to increase de-
scheduled for June in fense capacity under such
Iiawaii. fl~ancial restraints.
US newspapers write al- ,~ter rsading the Japan-
most with one votce that ~g ioint communique lssued
Japan will earnestly tackle ag~r the suma~it, Xoshio
the detense buildup task, gakurauchi, secretary-gen-
giving iavorable apprecia- eral o! the ruling Liberal-
tion to Suzuki s visit to the ~~ocratic Party (LDP),
IIs~ said the communiqae did not
Just~ over one year has
passed since the U8 came signify an instant increase
to urge Japan to increase in Japan'3 delense bill.
its defense capacity. Japa.n He explained that al-
managed to parry the strong though the commnnique ref-
US requsst the flrst time, erred to Japan's spontane-
But this qear it will be dif- ous eSorts to build up de-
Scult !or Japaa to behave fense capability, this refer-
ence meant the defense
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buildup program would be g~geo Nagano, president
tackle3 in consideration of or the Japatt Chamber o!
Japan's flnancial situ ition. Commerce and Industry
Is the problem so easy? ~Nissho), says that it is ne-
Such an eacuse that Japan cessary tor Japan to in-
would like to postpone the crease defense costs ~to
defense capability buildup some extent as there are
because oi the d181cu1t state few other countries whose
of Snances will not be look- defense expenditures go be-
ed upon lavorably by the low one percent oi the
~s� gross ' national product
In lact, top officials of the ~Q.plp~,
Finance Ministrv are em- Tadashi Sasaki, chairman
barrassed by this factor oi the board oi directors oi
which is certain to increase ~e Japan Committee for
delense spending. Economlc Development (Kei-
F'inance M~inister Michio y~ ~yukai), shares trie
- Watanabe is so sen~itive to same opinion by saying that
this problem that he said Japa.n should make deiense
he would like to pay iull efforts as much as posaible.
consideration to this isaue But oppositioa parties
because deiense is iunda- stand against the joint com-
mental to the state. munique.
Hut ranking o8fclals ot Tamio Kawakami, director
the aiinistry remain cauti- 'ot the intemational a8airs
ous, saying that preferen- bureau of the Sociallst Par-
tial treatment c' defenae tq (JSP), crlticizes the com-
allocations will spark de- munique by saying that an
mands for similar consider- ~~~~e in Japan's defenae
ation oi welfare and educa- capabilitq threatiena to ~ake
tion lunding, depleting Japan invoived in U8 world
state coSers much as a strategy, and that taking a
small leak will sink even a turn toward becoming a
big ship. ' militarq gtant is danqerous.
In Japan defense costs Upon his return from the
have , been treated equally U8, Premies 3uzuki reported
with weliare spending. to the Diet and wlll now
Hence, there arises the resume the task of com-
question of whether it is Piling next flscal year's ,
possible to give defense budget.
costs special treatment. Suzuki will flnd it di8i-
_ The business community, cult to treat the defense
which strongly insists on cost increase issue as he
cuts in expenditures, is aLso has repeateiily stated that
somewhat embarrassed. But he would not pertnit any
it appreciates that US de- ~~avpritism or exception. In
mand, as Japanese industry tl~s, sense the complication
supports increased defense of~the flscal 1982 budget has
measures. run into an obstacie.
(:~)FYRIGHT: DAILY YOMIURI 1981
CSU: l?120
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POLITICAL
MISERA,BLE SEQUEL TO SUI~AZCT
Tokyo THE DAILY YOMIURI in English 18 May 81 p 2
~BEHIND THE SCENES article by Minoru Hirano: '~Miserable Sequel to Suma?it"~
~Text~
The disagreement between Prlme Minis- The fact was that the Foreign Ministry
ter Suzuki and the Foreign Ministry over offlcial did not criticize the prime minister
ways to explain the word "Alllance" in the ~ such a strong language.
Japan-US joint communique developed into Within the Liberal-Democratic Party,
resignations oi Foreign Minister Ito and criticista arose that the prime miiaiater's
Foreign Vice-Minister Masuo Takashima explanation sounded like an eucuse, that
3aturduy. 3lmultaneous resignations of the hz paying too much deference to the
foreign minister and ioreign vice-minister pubHc opinion and that he should speak
were unprecedented in postwar Japan. out trankly.
What ttxis incident revealed wa a tihat geca.u~e Su~
-,~i at the Washington press
the word "alliance" which has a re.:iitary con?erence ga~e an "insufficient" explana-
overtone was tuo strong to the Japanese tion, as he acknowledged later, he found
accustomed to peace Por 38 qears aPter the ~~lt labeled a timid and incompetent
war and that both 3uzuki and the Forelgn leader oi Japan. '
Ministry had underestimated the danger Suzuki, however, would lose face if he
of using the word in a ioint comuiunique. reversed his previous remarks aiter being
The trouble originated when 3uzukl told criticized. Fie must show o8 his authority
a press conference immediately after the over the Forei~n Ministry. Accordingly, at
Japan-US summit in Washington that the a cabinet meeting Friday, he criticized the
word "alliance" was without a military Foreign Ministry for the way the text o!
connotation. He gave this explanation in the joint communique was written by For-
order to assure the nation that he had eign Ministry o8lcials, He said: "The core
given no new military commitment to the ar a joint communique must be the sum-
U3 bq using this word, but the explanation ~t itself and a~oint communlque which
sounded unnatural and invited suspicion does not contain what was discussed at
that he was withholding something. the summit is not good. The way to pre-
On Maq 12, after 3uzuki and his entour- pare a ioint communique should be ahang-
, age returned to Japan, a top P'orelgn Min- ed"
istry o8icial gave a supplementary ex- However, the ioint communique issned
planation that there was no alliance which this time had been executed and released
dld not involve national securlty and that the prior approval of the prime min-
the prime mtnister only meant to say that ister hlmselP. It was unreasonable for him
the milltarq aspect did not constitute the ~~d fault with the joint communique
core oi the Japan-U6 alllance. uiter its issuance. It was reported that Ito
But a certain newspaper reported that had been prompted to resign by his resent-
this Foreign Mlnistry official had. frankly ~ent at this remark by the prime minister.
_ criticized the prime minister by saytng that Japan loses its internatlonal trust ii a
an alliance which did not include military prime minister finds lault with a joint
relations was nonsense. Most other news- ~~unique issued on the basis o! accord
papers also reported that the dlsagreement ~th the head o! state oi the other coun-
between the prime minister and the For- try. We can inPer that Ito by resigning
eign Ministry over ways to interpret the tried to lodge a protest with the prime
word had surlaced. .
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minister who dces not understand such
fuadamentals oi diplomacy.
As a result, public symPathy gces to Ito
and Takashima and public criticlsm cen-
ters on Su2uk1 who lacks ability to lead,
the diplomatlc common sense and wisdom
� to size up the international situation.
This incident is an unhappY affair for
Japanese diplomacy. The Foreign Ministry
- at the outset o! this year said that policy
adiustme~xt `vith the Reagan administra-
tion was the moat important diplomatic
task for Japan in 1981. And no sooner than
the Japan-U8 summit between Suzu1~ and
the new president realized than did the
' discord within the Japanese C3overnment
over ways to explafn a word in the ioint
communique lead to the restgnations oi
the two top officials o! the F`?~reign lvilnis-
try. Then, all the eSorts by the Fbreign
Ministrq to pave the way for the Japan-US
summit have gone to naught. '
The word "alliance" was used in the
joint communique at strong urging o! Lhe
US. The US in excessive zeal to urge Japan
to upgrade its defense capability vlctimized
the two top men in the Japanese Foreign
Ministry. T1ie US should be more cautious
in makfn6 requests with Japaa hereaiter.
COPYRIGHT: DAILY YOMIURI ,1981
cso: 4i2o
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POLITICAL
NAKASONE'S PERIPHERY BECOMING ANIMATED
Tokyo MAINICHI LIAILY NEWS in English 13 Ma.y 81 p 2
rArticle by Takehiko Takahashi~
- ~Text~
The periphery of Director could not resist. This was
General Yasuhiro Nakasone of because the leaders of the
t h e A d m i n i s t r a t i v e Liberal-Democratic Party's
l~tanagement Agency has biggest factions, the Tanaka
suddenly become animated of and Fukuda tactions, supported
~aNakasone has been elected to Suzuki. '
the Diet 14 times, the same EnteTS CBbinet
number as Prime Minister . Nakasone entered the cabinet
Zenko Suzuki. Differing from at Prime Minister Suzuki's
Suzuki, Nakasone has had long request. Although Nakasone
experience as the boss of a had hoped for the fina :e
faction. Because of this, he has 'minister's post, a balance with .
been regarded as the most Toshio Komoto i present
promising candidate tor the director general of the
premiership. Economic Planning Agency)
Nevertheless, the political had to be considered and Prime
environment surrounding Minister Suzuki asked
Nakasone has not necessarily Nakasone to join the cabinet as
been favorable. One reason is 'irector general ot. the Ad-
that he is from the same elec= ~inistrative Management -
toral district as focmer Prime Agency. Nakasone did so with
Minister Takeo Fukuda. the understanding that hi's
Nakasone's former boss, Ichiro status would correspond to that
Kono, was anti-Eisaku Sato of "deputy prime minister." He
~ former prime minister; now is now busily engaged in
deceased) and this greatly promoting administrative
, affected lYakasone's political reform.
activities. Although Prime :ylinister
When Zenko Suzuki became Suzuki has not formally ap-
the prime minister after the pointed Nakasone as "deputy
sudden death of former Prime prime minister," he has been
1~Iinister Masayoshi Ohira, this , virtually according Nakasone
was not resisted by Nakasone. that status. Wtwn Suzuki visited
Rather than to say that he did the ASEAN countries,
not resist, it might be more Nakasone became "acting �
correct to point out that he prime minister." This again
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took place during Suzuki's electoral district ~ Yamanashi Moreover, among the Naiyukai
recent visit to the United States. Prefecture?. members. the one standing the
When Prime Minister Suzuki Kanemaru and Nakasone met closest to the prerr,ietship at the
goes to Western Europe and ~p Tokyo on the night of May present time is none other than
also ~vhen he attends the They ~~ked amicably and Nakasone.
summit meeting, Nakasone will shook hands three times.~ Under such circumstances.
probably again be the "acting Kanemacv said that he would the establishment of the
prime minister" as heretot'ore. act in accordance with the Naiyukai means tor Nakasone
As these cases accumulate, d~~ion of the Tanaka faction the emergsnce ot a very
Nakasone is likely to widen the and if support for Nakasone is favorable condition in alming
gap with Director General dectded, then he t Kanemaru> for the premiershlp.
Komoto of the Economic will gladly ablde by that Nakasone changed his
Planning Agency who has been decision. Nakasone expressed residence on May 5. He has
considered as a promising his thanks tor Kanemaru's rented the house that had been
candidate for the premiership statement. occupted by Shigeo Nagashima,
up to now. pn the same ni t of Ma 7, a former manager of the Giants
In order for Nakasone to ceremony to e
tablishy the ~ P~ baseball team. ~ ln the
assume the reins of ad- past. Nakasone s house had no
ministration, he will require the "Nai y ukai," consistin g of Diet place for newspapermen to
cooperation of the Tanaka members who formerly served park thelr cars when they
faction, the largest and at the . in the former Home 1Viinjstry, ~o~erged there to interview
same time most active faction Was held. Although there have him. Moreover, according to a
of the LDP. If the Tanaka been several prime ministers fortune teller, the tocmer house
faction backs Nakasone in the who tormerly served in the was not "lucky" and if
party presidential election next Finance Mlnistry, such as Nakasone stayed in that house.
year, the Suzuki administration Hayato Ikeda. Takeo Fuknda he would be "unable to climb to
will face a crisis. and Masayoshi Ohlra, there has the top."
There is a group in the ~p ~ne from the Minlstry ot After Nakasone moved to his
Tanaka faction that has a Home Aftairs. It is perhaps only ~W residence on May 5, it
feeling of goodwill toward natural as elite bureaucrats ~ms as it the sun had sud-
Nakasone. The toremost that they would like to see a denly started to shine on
member of this group is Ship prime minister emerge from Nakasone's periphery.
Kanemaru, former director the ranks of the Home Affalrs But how all this will be ltnked
general of the Defense Agency. Ministry. , with the premiership will un-
One reason far lhis is said to be Naiyukai Member doubtedly depena entirely on
that Eiichi Nakao of the the ability of Nakasone himself.
N a k a s o n e f a c t i o n a n d Although it was for a short /The wrlter is an adviser to
Kanemaru are from the same time. Nakasone served in the the Mainichl Newspapers and
Home Affairs Ministry and is formerchietedltorial writerl.
thus a member of the Naiyukai.
C~P1'RIGHT: Mainichi Dai1y News, 1981
cso: 4i2o
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
VARIOU S INDUSTRIAL FIELDS ADVANCE INTO ROBOT AREA
Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL ih English Vol 19, No 952 28 Apr 81 pp 1,4
[ Tex t] The industrial robot manu- the world in the, fufure.
_ j facturing industry lately has Production ~'of industrial
j leaped into the spotlight as a robota in JapeR in� entire last
i highly promising business and year: reached; a va]Ge of about
~ has been drawing a welter of ~gp bi~lia~. Demand for some
; new entrar~ts from ~div.Crse ~ - - . � .
~ fields. time is expected to grow at an
~ ~ iNhile the pioneers in this annual rate of around 50 per
~ cent. Opinion is strengthening
i sector, such as Kawgsaki . that in .1990, th+s. market is
~ Heavy Industries, Ltd., are ~~ng to expand'to a~ale' of
~ consolidating and ex~anding
~ their production structures, � � -
i ~ose newly harging into it are fi.~ prospects,
not only such big companieg as ~?tMa1 robots,
Matsushita Electric IndtBtrial fcotn~ la$t year to this year,
Co. and Sumitomo `Heavy have been~pressed with boost- �
~ Industries, Ltd. but "odd ?ng their prodnction capacity.
sorts," such as Sailor Pen Ca. ISawasakl HI, the 'biggest
and furniture makers. builder of industrial robqts, in
~ In other words, the "rush" is fiscal 1981 plaris to increase its
~ on and market competition is robot pc~oduction by 30 per cent
stea2lily intensifying. ~ over that of the preceding fiscal
This is because robots having year to slightly over 600 units.
functions nearing that of Next . biggest- ~builder is
human beings, high efGciency Yaskawa Electric Mfg. Co.
I and yet being low priced, suc- which, ey,es doul~ling its oytput
cessively aze being developed to ~ around 600 units. Chasing
and practicalized, and this has these Big ~ 2 are Hitachi, Ltd.,
been leading more and more Mits~bishi Heavy Industries,
~ manufacturers to use them. Ltd., Kobe Steel, Ltd. and
Already, about 75,000 robots F~jitsu Fanuc, Ltd.
~ ' now are being used in Japan, Ail of the industrial robots
slightly over 70 per cent of the made by these firms are high
world's market. With growing efficiency versions employing
domestic demand as a lever, mini-computera for their oon-
the large buliders of robots are trol. However, production' of
starNng to grapple fully with t~e robots~ operated simply by -
problem of exporting them to manual means also is growing.
the U.S. and Europe. . Meantime, newcomers are
There are possibilities thus of advancing into this` field itom
Japan becoming a base of numerous other seCtor"s=-=clec-
supplying industrial robots to
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tric-electronic machinery, gen- facturing field. sonnel costs going up, nothing
eral machinery, stationery Demand for indastrial robots is cheaper than using a robot
- equipment and furniture fields. have begun to zoom since the for welding. It is said that if a
In the period frnm last year- younger workers tend to shy small and medium enterprise
end to this year, Matsushita away from work that dirties the uses a robot in place of a
Electric Industrial Co. and hand or which constitute a welder, it can pay back the
Mitsubishi Electric Corp. have simple repetition. The com- robot price in less than two
started marketing welding panies seeking them thus want years.
robots. Nippon Electric Co. to transfer such work from Use of robots thus has been
lately has developed an tiltra- human beings to robots. spceading fast from welding,
precision robot and intends to The welding field now is said painting, inspection and other
commercialize it within the to lack 30,000 welders, and the jobs. The indtLStries which are
next year or two. situation reportedly is similar actively using robots chiefly .
Sumitomo Heavy Industries for the press and painting are the auto, electric-electronic
has revived its robot division fields. . machinery, precision ma-
which had been dormant and is R�b�ts can work steadily for chinery and steel industries.
intending seriously to grapple 24 hoias without any rnm- This means that robots are
with turning out robots. P~~~ ~ to bad environment. beginning to take over indus-
'llie increase in robot demand tries which had supported
Okaanura Mf8� Co., a 1~rge ~s come about also from the Japan's international competi-
furnit~e maker, has started sharp elevation in their effici- tiveness with their "high
actively to solicit orders for a~ ~cy lately from use of mini- quality work-force."
robot which it originallY d~- ~~mputers and the big come- It appears certain the time
sigs?ed for its own use. of their prices. will come when blue color
It is estimated there already A welding robot which in the workers will disappear from
old or~ ewband large or
small, ~ PASt had a~ice tag of ~ 12-13 _ Japan's factories and th~ "steel
competing in the robot manu- ! m~ion now has come down to collar" - robots - will becoine
. around ~ 8 million. With per- the principals.
COPYRIGHT: 1981, The Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc.
CSO: 4120
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
RIGHT SECURED TO EXPLORE NIGERIAN URANIUM
Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 952 28 Apr 81 p b
[Article by Isao Saotome]
[ Te:ct ] ~ PARIS - The Government of plants for one year. Japanese
Niger will tikely award engineers of both the Overseas
uranium mining rights to the Uranium Resources De4elop~
Power Reactor and Nuclear ment-Co. and International Re-
Fuel Development Corp. (PNC) sources are exploring the coun-
of Japan for uranium explora- try's uranium resources, with =
tion in its national reserve OURD already involved in
south of Akouta and Arlit. U.S. production in Akouta.
and French companies have ~
been trying to obtain the rights ~ realized, the mining rights
to continue their exploration will allow PNC to explore for
the atomic fuel in a 5,400-
activities. square-kilometer area south of
The Niger plan in favor of Akouta, The two parties will
PNC is intended to avoid the work out the details, with PNC
excessive presence of the U.S. likely to put up the cnsts for.
and F~ance in the country's activities from exploration to
uranium hunt efforts. It is also production. The produced ura-
believed that Niger will use the nium will be split between.
concession to strengthen the Niger and PNC.
general economic ties between
Niger and Japan. As a PNC source commented �
Niger is believed to possess ~n France, the award of the
about the richest urani~n ~~Bh~ has yet to be finalized.
reserves of all producing coun- He added t~at the reserve looks
tries. In 1980, the two existing promising even though . at-
6elds = Akouta and Arlit - tempts will have to be made to
produced 3,300 tons of uranium, ~termine possible uranium
equivalent to a volume good for dePosits. PNC and Niger will
running 10 1�million-kilowatt ~isctiss the "content" of an
exploratian pact.
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
MORE COMPANIES ENTER WORD PROCESSOR MARKET
Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 952 28 Apr 81 p 9
[Text] Competition is intensifying in means for the sacalled "office '
the Japanese word processor automation" in the future.
market as new entries are con- However, the probtem is that
spicous. unlike the English language
Nine makers now. are in the which features only the al-
market. They are six computer phabet in writing, the Japanese
builders tToshiba Corp., Ni~r Ianguage has 51 kana sylla-
pon Electric Co., Fujitsu Ltd., baries and thousands of kanji
Oki Electric ~ Indust~y+ Co., (Chinese characters). Because
Hitachi, Ltd. and Mitsubishi of this complexity, these pra
Electric Corp.), two office ducers employ different input
equipment makers (Sharp methods, including the kanji
.Corp. and Canon, Inc.) and a tablet method, the interactive
communications equipment kana-kanji conversion method
maker cMatsushita Communi- and the two-stroke mnemonic
cation Industrial Co.). And, code input method.
Ricoh Co., a Tokyo office The best setling.models thLLs
equipment maker, is going to are expected to determine the
enter the market as the lOth input method in the future. This
supplier. is stimulating makets to vie for
- Demand for Japanese word larger sh_~res while the market
processors has been rising as is still you..g.
they are regarded an efficient
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.._~..:r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
PERSONAL COMPUTER MAKERS STEP UP EXPORTS TO EUROPE
Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 952 28 Apr 81 p 9
[ Text ] Japanese personal computer F1~ance and West Germany
makers have been stepping up through its office equipment
exports of their products to marketing agents. "Japanese
major European countries. makers now deprive U.S. sup-
Some of them are now eyeing pliers of their European cus- .
the U.S., a still uncultivated tomers," said a Sharp spokes-
market for Japanese personal man.
computer builders. Sord Computer System Inc.,
As. the quality of Japanese- a Tokyo personal computer ~
made products is highly rated builder-distributor which
in Europe and the U.S., exports recently set up an assembly
to these ind~strialized nations, plant in lreland, plans to
are expected to gain momen- market ~ 3,600 units in Europe
� tum in the near future. this year.
In the European market, in Logic Systems International
particular, local makers and Inc. of Tokyo also is working
importers of American models out a new strategy to boost
already have been getting ner- exports. The company now
vous over the steadily rising. delivers more than 350 units a~
market share of Japanese- month to the European market.
made personal computers. - These Japanese makers now
Sharp Corp. seems the most are paying close attention to
aggressive toward exports the U.S., the world's largest
among Japanese makers. The computer market.'
Osaka company plans to boost Sharp started shipments of
shipments of its MZ-80 Series PC�300p Series personal com-
personal computers to Europe puters to the U.S. in late Fetr
to more than 25,00o units in the ruary in the hope of marketing
current 1981 business year from more than 5,000 units this year. .
about 15,000 units in the preced- Nippon Electric Co. (NEC)
ing year, ended March 31. plans to start exporting per-
Sharp markets them mainly in sonal computers to the U.S. ~
during fiscal 1981. 1VEC is now
consolidating its marketing
networks in the U.S. for the
planned sales of personal com-
puters.
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
NEC GETS MOST ORDERS FOR DIGITAL EXCHANGE SYSTIIrIS
Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 952 28 Apr 81 p 9
' [Text]
Nippon EIectric Co. (NEC) The first, ~igital electronic so expensive as ko account for
recently scored the world's telephone switching system to about half the cost of each set.
highest volume in bookings of be sold in the world was that of Besides, the key to the tech-
international orders for digital Northern Telecom Ltd. of the nological reflnernent of such
electronic telephone switch U.S. This took place in th~ U.S. systems is said to lie in the
systems. market in 1976. It has been capacity to make good LSI
According to the top Tokyo picked up by various indepen- circuits. Having attained the
telecommunication equipment � dent American telephone com- World's second highest place in
maker, its recent receipt of a panies. ' that capacity, NEC is believed
Malaysian order for such a NEC started a drive to sell its to be decidedly more compefi-
system for 1,670,000 circuits own NEAX61 series in the U.S. tive in such international sys-
brought to 3,260,000 the total of in October, of ' the following tem sales than Northern Tele-
circuits for atl such systems year. Since landing the Cirs~ com, L.M. Ericsson, or CIT and
internationally ordered from American order for the series 'I'homson-CSF, both of E'rance,
1VEC since it started selling from Continental Telephone now its principal rivals. ~
such systems outside Japan in Corp. in May, 1979, NEC has NEC President Tadahiro
October,1977. listed a succession of follow-up ~wmoto believes that~ NEC
This meant NEC reportedly orders from other independent has secured the world s top
has surpassed in such volume U.S. telephone utility Ccros. leadership in such system sales
Sweden's Telefonaktiebolaget In addition, - NEC has also With little fear of losing it in the
�L.M. Ericsson, hitherto boast- won orders for its own systems foreseeable future.
ing the world's largest order from 13 other countries - Japan's own market for such
volume of 2,ZOQ,000 circui~s. Brazil, Argentina, New Zea- systems is expected to start
The digital etectronic tele- land, Colombia, Syria, Sri BI'owing soon because Nippon
phone switch devices ace the Lanka, Iraq, Puerto Rico, T~legraph & Telephone Public
mainstay of today's highly 'Irinidad .and Tobago, India, Corp. is to introduce such
sophisticated computerized Brunei, Egypt, and, this time, systems into its expanding
data communication and or� Malaysia. � digital data communication
dinary telecommunication In producing such systems, service. NEC is thus getting
systems. semiconductors are said to be ready to capture the leadership
of the domestic market as well.
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SCIENCE AND TECHIdOLOGY
PRACTICAL POWER PLANT RELYING ON SEA WAVE DRAFTED
Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 952 28 Apr 81 p 15
[Text] Hitachi Shipbuilding &
E ineering Co has c~aRed a available as the electricity-
~B generating energy, the com-
blueprint of what will be a peny has rated its proposed
practical sea wave-energy moderate-size plant's generat-
; electric power plant. ing capacity at 28 kilowatts at
i Harnessing the sea's enerBY the most and 20 at the norinal
~ potentials, inclucfing wave and level.
tide-flow forces and tempera- ~~e plant will feature a 3-
i ture difference between meter-high, 4-meter wide
~ shallow and deep waters, has swinging blade�shaped sleel
I long been studied in Japan. tward pushing out like a fighting
But, according to the Osaka S~eld into the waters from a
i company, its prospective breckwater or an embankment.
i coasial wave-Eorce power .
i plant, if realized, wotild be the ~ncoming and retreating
~ first of its kind in Japan to be waves swing the plate, and the
~ applied to practical electric movements aze transmitted
power generating purposes� through cylinders and ail-filled
I 'I~ie top~rate shipbuilding and hydraulic pipings to a turbine
~ machine engineering company ~d generator built into the
completed the blueprint with breakwater or embankment.
the cooperation of the Muroran 'I'he company has started
University of Technology in looking for a proper place to
Hokkaido. build the ~rst demonstration
Basic sea wave force data model of the plant.
were gathered at a Japan Sea Considering the rather small
coastal town of Hokkaido, capacity and geographical
known as one of the world's location of its proposed plant,
roughest wave-hit sea shores. the company envisions it as a
j The data were closely power source for powering
analyzed and reproduced in ex- ~ lighthouses, melting snow on
! perimental tanks to find out waterfronts, and heating fish
what kind of generator would farm water.
be the beact to run at a uniform _ Such a power plant may be
' pace between the rough and still five times as costly as the
' calm weathers, especially be- _ conventional oil-fueled
tween wintei an.d summer. equivalent, but the company
Estimating ~n average of sees a long-range development
only about 15 per cent of all potential of the urilimited wave
rounds of wave force to be energy.
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY '
ENGINE PROJECT j~ITH UNITED KINGDOM TO REMAIN 'FLEXIBLE'
Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 954, 12 May 81 p 5
[Text] q~~nt project between three capacity to meet demancts
Japanese companies and Ro11s- concerning both classes of
Royce Ltd. of Britain to ~ sircraft. ~
develop a new jet engine for But as a practical matter,
medium civilian transport Japanese experts concerned
planes is bPing modiEied,by the the XJB project are
Japanese sid~ for economy of ~isualiiing two models of such
development ~^.ost, it was engine - an RJs00-25 and an
recently learned. ~ RJ500-35-, respectively with
'il~e Japanese - IswkaWa' thrusts of about 9.5 and 11.3
jima-Harima Heavy Industries tons. ,
Co., Kawasaki Heavy Indus- %~e Japanese side had
tries, Ltd., and Niitsubishi W~t~ the li~ter-du'ty engine
geavy Industries, G.d. - pre- ~~a~e they had envisioned
ferred an engine for a 13o- ~es of such engine for new
seater plane and Rolls-Royce 1~.s~~r class civilian air-
for a 150-seater :~:~t~en they
tentatively came to an agree- craEt series expected to be
ment on the jou~t RJ500 sezies developed by many aircraft
engine development project at makers, including the Boeing
the end of 1979. Co., during tt?e first half of this
Eventually, a compromise decade. .
was reached that the high pres- ' But sorne Japanese observers
sure�icrvolving section of the have fig~ued that during the
engine, chiefly to be produced second half, only 1,000 units of
by the Rolls-Royce side, be such new tranaports will be
cies;~ed to match the 150- sold, but thrice as many, ~u~its
seater class plane demandg, of larger 150-seater class ones
tx~t the Japanese side also � will be in demand. However,
develop an applied lighter-dutY the Japanese side has had to
version of the engine to meet prevent expansion of its cosl
the 13o-seatec class transport burden of ~70 billion chalf tn
engine demands. 'Phe ultimate be government�subsidized) by
product will be o[ a versatile avoiding two parallel develop-
� ment jobs.
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~
i
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
i
~ INSTITUTE ASSUMES JOB OF HOLDING MICROORGANISMS
~ Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 954, 12 May 81 p 9
~ The Govemment's Fer- Last autumn, the institute
[Text]
mentation Research Insti- created a special center for
tute at Tsukuba started reception of all requests for
working, as of May 1, as one preservation of such
I of the world's three deposi- specimens, whether foreign
I tories of living micro- or domestic.
; organism specimens to be Domestically, it had
! involved in applications for already been such a deposi-
! international patents on all tory of long standing, now
biotechnologies, . including keeping about 6,000 stocks of
pharmaceutical ones con- microorganisms in its care
cerning new kinds of anti� under Japan's own patent
biotics. law and system. Having now
- The national institute has become an international
been internationally chosen organ, its specimen preser-
by the patent authorities of vation facilifies are na-
all advanced nations to be turally expected to become
the world's third presti~o~ short nf space and equip-
I depository after the first two ment.
~ in the U.S. for keeping such A quick expansion is
j microorganisms alive and ~W being azranged for,
j intact for long periods under especially because ali sorts
the so-called Budapest of revolutionary biotech-
Treaty of 1977. The interna- nology for producing wonder
tional patent treaty to ~gs, foodstuffs, new fuel
simplify and unify hitheMo sources and industrial ma-
nationally-divided and terials have become , a
troublesome patent-seeking worldwide scientific-indus-
procedures took effect last trial boom.
summer. The Budapest Treaty has
Every depository so done away with the past
named and trusted is obli- irksome requirement when
gated to keep every micro- seeking patents in more
organism specimen placed than one country on any new
in its care alive and well idea or process concerning
zoo-style for at least 30 microorganisms to deposit a
years if the application con- specimen concerned with
cemed goes through and the patent authorities of
draws patent on the idea or each country. Under the new
process represented by the treaty, it will be sufficient to
application. In case of an deposit such a specimen in
unsuccessful application, enY one of the international
the deposit is returned. depositories.
COPYRIGHT: 1981, The Nihon K;~izai Shimbun, Inc.
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RICOH MAKES PLIANT TYPE LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 954, 12 May 81 p 9
( Text ] Ricoh Watch Co. of Nagoya According to the company, '
recently announced the crea- its "PP-LCD" ( polyester film
tion of a p~lyester film version - liquid crystal display) ~
of the conventional glass panel capsule has been developed -
capsule of electronic liquid through its technological in-
crystal display . devices, novations, including 1) forma-
promising numerous advan- tion of a thin transparent elec-
tages over the glass panel type. troconductive layer on poly-
According to the timepiec~ ester filming by vacuum vapor
producing subsidiary of Ricoh deposition of a tin oxide-indium
Co. of Tokya, Japan's top-rate (an oxide alloy), 2) creation of
business machine and camera a special chemical to keep the
maker, its nea+ plastic product molecular arrangement (struc� ~
promises, above all, bendabil- ture) in liquid crystals in a
ity and crack or shatter-proof given fixed direction and 3) at-
tensility against shocks, two taining complete uniformity in
things impossible to expect the thicimess of the space
from the glass cases. wherein a given liquid crystal
Now widely applied to elec- is enclased.
tronic watches, calculators The company envisions, that
~ and other indicating devices, its P~-LCD capsule, compared
liquid crystals change their with the glass type, could
molecular structure momen- promise thinning of standard-
tarily and ia different degrees size electronic watch or pocta-
through twisting caused by ble calculator display panels
electric current and thus work from between 1.4 and 2 milli-
as an indicating instrument meters to only 0.55 mm, lighten-
when enclosed in a flat glass ing the weigtit by moze than 90
capsule with electric terminals. per cent and lowering the pro-
In addition to its two unique duction cost by 75-83 per cent,
advant~ges, the new plastic en- Even the thinnest existing
casing ensures a great reduc- watch could be made still 30 to
tion in the weight and thickness 40 per cent thinner and benda-
and a more than 70 per cent ble accordi~ to the curve of
lowering of the production cost the wrist. Unbceakable auto-
compared with its glass coun- mobile dashboard indicators
terpart. could also be produced.
The company has recently in- Japan, now producing more
troduced its new technological than 100 million LCD indicators
achievement at a New York per year, commands an 80 per
congress of the Society for In- cent-pl~ share of the world's
formation Displays. markets for such indicators.
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
MITI PLANS FIRM FOR YX PLANE SALE
Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 955, 19 May 81 pp 1,4
[Text]
The Ministry of Internationa! non�profit association - Civil -The mission of Nihon
'h~ade & Ind~stry intends to 1'ransport Development Corp. Aeroplane Manufacturing has
have three ma jor plane which had spearheaded come to an end.
fuselage makers form the core developing the YX, will devote In other words, MITI feels
of a new rnmpany for under- itsdi to developme~ of a"New that such plane buildin~ has
taking mass production-sales of YX" (civil airliner succeeding reached a new phase, and the
Japan's u~and-coming ~ civil theYX). aircraft industry has to be
airliner, dubbed the YX. _ ' At the same time, Nihon fostered as a typical Future in-
The key makers aze Mit- Aeroplane Manufacturing~ Co., dustry for the nation in con-
subishi Heavy Industries, Ltd, which had tmderfaken produc� sidering the high technology
Kawasaki Heavy Industries, tion and sales of the YSll, Ja- needed for it and its ripple ef-
Ltd, and Fuji Fieavy Ind~tries. � pan's first pastwar t~bojet fects on other industries.
- MTTI has revealed hope of inedlum passen8er sirlin~r, As to adjusting the sircraft
seeing such a new company wi11 be abolished in fisca11982, industry's structure, feeling is
shape up by the autumn of 1982. The reasons for MITI moving strong within the Government
It is part of the Ministry's out to adjust and bolster Ja- and the aircraft business that
policy for rnnsolidating and pan's aircraft indtatry are: for raising Japan's aircraft in-
strengthening the development, -The tri-natioa project dustry to the level of those in
production and sales setup for among Japan, the U.S. and the U.S. and Europe, there is
the plane. . Italy to develop the YX plane urgency to set up a machinery
In other words, the new Cu~m 1200-seat class Boeing 767) has for mutually promoting
wiU be for handling the produc- passed the stage of development cooperation among those con-
tioa-sales phase. and making a prototype, and cerned and harmonizing their
Along with this; the private now is due to advance to mass plans, rather than taking
production from the fall of 1982. measures for individual firms.
-Full-scale development of The plan to form a new com-
the "New YX" of 150-seat class pany stems from such thinking,
is set to start also from fiscal and the aircraft industry re-
1982. ' portedly is virtually in agree-
ment with MITI's aim.
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5CIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
FOKKER-DOUGLAS GROUP ASKS TO JOIN AIRCRAFT DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 955, 19 May 81 p 8
~Text~ Board Chairman F. Swart� ~
put ~into service in the middle of
touw of the Netherlands' the 1980s. The new YX is a
Fokker B.V. has asked Japan follow-up to the YX plane
to join the plan of his company ~Boeing 767? now being devel-
and America's McDonnell op~ jointly by Japan, the U.S.
Douglas Corp. to develop, and Italy: ~
produce and sell a new 150-seat Fakker, which repeatedly
aircraft, MDF-100, under equal ~d ~~sted Japan to develop
partnership, government ~e new YX with Boeing Corp.
sources here revealed last on a troika basis, suddenly
'~esday. gave up this idea in favor of
Swarttouw made the request teaming up with McDonnell
to the Ministry of International D~ug~as~in early May,
Trade & Industry andJapanese In briefing the Japanese side
aircraft makers during his stay op ~e latest tie with McDonnell
in Tokyo on May 8 and 9. He D~gias, Swarttouw strongly ~
flew to Tokyo only several days Wanted Japan Co join the
after his company's announc~ Fokker-Douglas plan. He said
ment that it would form a joint ~e project will start at the end
venture company with MeDon- of this year or early next year.
nell Douglas to develop the
~F_l~ Japan will thus have to select
While calling for Japan's partners for its new YX scheme
participation as an equal -from among Boeing, the
partner, Swarttouw showed Fokker-Douglas group, and
readiness to have Japan Airbus Industrie S.A., a consor-
develop and manufacture im- tium of four European enter-
~portant parts of the 1VmF-100. pri'ses.
He also expressed the hope.to Both MITI and the industry
eQuip th~ plane with the jet aPP~~ inclined to collaborate
. engine RJ500 to be developed wilh Boeing as of the presenG
' jointly by Japan and Britaids Their only apprehension about
_ Rolls-Royce, Ltd. this case is that Bceing will
The Fokker head's approach certainly have the initiative.
coincides with Japan's interna- Conversely, equal partnership
tional scheme to develop a next in the Fokker-Douglas venture,
generation civilian transport as stressed by Swarttouw, may
plane, called the new YX, prove an attraction for the
- having 150 seafs, which will be Japanese side. .
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
PLASTIC INJECTION MOLDER MAKERS IN TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT RACE
Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 955, 19 May 81 p 8
[ Tex t] A fierce technolo~cal and attain mass manufac-
development race has ture next year. Thus, joint
started among plastic injec- efforts to develop injection
tion molding machine molders are expected to
makers here to develop new spread.
types of molders in anticipa- p~oneer Electronic last
tion of rapid growth of the year established its own
, video disc and digital audio system to mass-produce an
disc fields. optical home type of video
A video disc injection ~sc, and Sony Corp. is
molder has already been preparing to start similar
commercialized by Meiki mass manufacture.
i Co., and two of them recent� Such discs have to be .
~ ly were delivered to Pioneer made from some acrylic
~ Electronic Corp. More or- resin at micron level of
i ders are likely because _
Pioneer Electronic is plan- Precision. No conventional
~ ning to double its monthly m~�ng p~~sl machine can
~ video disc production dosuch a job.
; capacity to 200,000 units be- ~
~ fore the year-end. New kinds of injection
i As for digital audio disc moiders for such precision
i injection molders, Nissei plastic are thus wanted.
Plastic Industrial Co. and Demands for such
~ Toshiba 1~Iachine Co. dis- moiders to make digital
closed recently they were audio discs of PCM type are
i rchnologically certain now likely to be even greater
to develop inspection than those for video discs
molders for making digital because all Japanese
audio discs of pulse code record-praiucing acoustic
' modulation type. makers are trying to
The digital audio disc develop their own PCM
acoustic manufacturers are digital audio discs. The in-
likely to start sample pro- jection molder makers' race
duction of PC:~I digital audio is thus likely to keep grow-
discs before this year-end ing hotter.
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
NISSHO PLANS TO COA4IERCIALIZE BIOMASS STUDIES IN 5 YEARS
Tokyo JAPAN.,ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 955, 19 May 81 p 17
[Text] Nissho Iwai Corp. of Osaka Concerning the fermentation
recently disclosed that it has type of alcohol, the corporation
launched a full-scale drive to has already started a
s~vey all sorts of promising feasibility survey in the U.S. to .
studies, both at home and build a first factory. As for the
abroad, conceraing develop~ Australian plant oil, the cor-
ment of biomass. ' poration has received a joint
According to the corporation development proposal from an
(lmown as Nissho-Iwai Co. until Australian enterpcise and is
recently), the idea is to develop planning to commercialize a
a new bt~siness line by com- prospective production method
mercializing every new in Japanese territory. It is now '
promising biomass study, having the method developed in
initially in three presently Japan. ~
important areas of such re~ The company expects full
search. They are: 1) production commerciallzation of such
of the fermentation type of al- biomass utillzation studies in
cohol, such as through fer- the next five years. As soon as
menting waste sugar ref'uiing any such method is developed
molasses or some kind of to the commerclalizable point,
starch, 2) productioa of the the company plans to start its
cellulose separation type of production investments,
alcohol through chemical acquisition of patent rights, and
separation of cellulose in developing markets concerned.
pasture grass or other plants The new drive of the com-
and 3) production of a plant pany launched witn a special
type of oil lpossibly a substitute pcoject promotion team with
for petroleum) in the form of a many kindg of experts means
vegetable wax, so far con� the company will join the
sidered a substitute for whale already ~owing competition
oil, from a certain Australian earlier started among other
� species of plant. Japanese trading companies.
COPYRIGHT: 1981, The Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc.
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
NEW PIG,IENTS FOUND TO POSSESS HIGH CAPACITY LONG WAVE ABSORPTION
Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 955, 19 May 81 p 17
[Text] Two new kinds of organic Coming in a thin Cilming
pigment of the merceyanine form, the two varieties of
group oF dyestuff materials organic pigment, each of a long
created by the governmental chain alkyl base type with 18
Research Institute for Poly- carbon molecules, are original-
mers and Textiles relative to ly put in an acid solution and
development of a good solar cell tested with a xenon lamp
material have proved to standing for the sunlight.
increase 30 times in sunlight ~ that case, they chiefly
absorbency when processed absorb shorter wavelength
with alkali. lights.
According to the institute, But when the solution is
which comes under the Agency steadily switc[~ed to a neutral
of Industrial Science & Tech- ~d then a series of thicker
nology, its research is part of a ~kaline solutions, they pick up
current brisk worldwide series an increasingly stronger capa-
of studies to produce a new cit tb absorb lon er wave-
kind of solar battery or hydro- length lights. g
gen generator by utilizing the
capacities. of some kinds of Untimately, they come to
organic pigments to turn light acquire, in terms of the density
into electricity. The institute of electric current they produce
had already succeeded in by absorbing such lights, a
developing a hydrogen genera- capacity to generate 2 micro-
tor of the kind by creating elec- amperes per ' square centi-
trodes out of . some type of ineter, 30 times their original
merocyanine group pigments. condition in an acid solution.
The sunbeam consists mostly The presumed reason is the
of longer wavelength lights, formation of a certain pigment
and the new kinds of organic~ molecule association, a neat
pigment the institute has combination of several such
develop~d absorb these longer molecules, here and there in an
wavelength lights. alkaline condition.
COPYRIGHT: 1981, The Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc.
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY '
SINGLE MODE FIBER OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS
Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 955, 19 May 81 p 11
[Text~ '
Vippon Telegraph & Tele- The single mode type is far its recent attainment of a stage ~
phone Public Corp. ciVTT) may more preferable because it is to start shortly a full-scale
become the first in the world to four to 12 times as large in series of field testing with its
practicalize both the multiple information carrying capacity experimentally-completed
~ mode and single mode types of as the multiple mode type and single mode fiber communica-
fiber optics communication much smaller in the loss' of tion system. As for the mWtiple
system. light energy during the light mode fiber type of such system,
According to NTT, it plans to ~S~ge. NTT is already getting ready to
start its public comm~mication ~~e case of a 1.3-micron open its regular public com-
service early next year, and by long wave band laser light- munication service early next
t987 or 1988 respectively with transmitking line, it will need a Year, with two information-
the two types of optical fiber midway light booster only once , hauling capacities - 32 million
communication. bits (480 circuits in tele one
The multiple mode type, every 20 kilometers, compared terms) a second and 100 miWon _
already well developed in tech- '~'ith 15 for the multiple mode bits (1,440 circuits) a second.
nological, if not practical, types and 1.5 for the wire and
terins features many different cable lines. The single mode The SO-kilometer long field
ways or patterns of each light type will be especially valuabie testing line between western
in massive communications be- Tokyo and a neighboring
flash passage through a slender, rween big cities. prefecture, part of which has
fiber line. But development of a good already been built and put to
Each flash hits the inner wall single mode type had long been trial, will be tested until 1984,
of the line and is reflected to ~fficult due to such technologi- ~d a year or two of commer- ~
the opposite wall. All light ~1 problems as how to ensure cialization tests will follow.
flashes thus runs through the a lorig service life of the light NTT has beea receiving
line by the aid of the repeated source (a laser diode), produce many Western calls for its
reflections. The smaller the such fine fiber lines, and technological cooperation.
diameter of the line, the less connect such fibers or such British Minister of Industry
��ill be the number of modes fibers and the laser. Kenneth Baker, when in Tokyo
wtil about 10. microns across recentl ro osed a oint Ja-
when there will be only a single NTT obviously has solved all Y~ P P J~
mode. such problems as indicated by pan-British research con-
cerned to NTT.
COPYRIGHT: 1981, The ~lihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc.
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS STRIVING TO FOSTER HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES
Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 955, 19 May 81 p 17
(Textj Many prefectural and muni- '11ie authorities of the prefec-
cipal administrations and their ture of Osaka, wherein indt~� .
industrial experiment stations tries are concentrated in and -
are trying to redevelop their around the City af Osaka, be-
local industries by introducing lieved the local industries which
advanced - or high-technology are 'overly inclined to the
. - industries. production of intermediate
Their common reasoning is: industrial materials will have
-Such industries, notably to be reformed to bring a re-
- including Japan's growing development of the whole
electro-mechanical industries, regional economy by "building
aze environmentaliy healthy, new urban types of industry
_ non-polluting. types, and more- throughout our prefecture." ,
over, capable of absorbing Electro-mechanical drive
much surplus labor force. Kawasaki City is preparing
-'Ihey also promise wide- to invite lazge-scale advances
ranging good side-effects of of microprocessor and related
levelling up the general local manufacturing enterprises.
industrial technologies. 'I1~is will be part of the city's
_ ambitio~s plan to develop into
-They are credited with a an "electro-mechanical indus-
high potential to develop into trial metropolis," popularly
tomorrow's mainstay indus- known as a"microcomputer
tries of Japan to supersede the city." From before the start, on
steel, automobile, and other last April 1, of fiscal 1931, its
existing leaders. administration has been study-
The administration of Kawa- ing all sorts of possible effects
saki City, adjoining Tokyo, is a of such invitation on the exist-
typical instance of the new ing local industries in a tie-up
regional industrial drives. with the Japan Microcomputer
Kawasaki authorities say, Industry Association.
"Continued activation of the Lacationing, proper scale -
local economy over a long deciding, and other problems of
range will be impossible the prospective invited enter-
without inviting some high- pcises are to be answered, and
technology cpioneering) indus- an official program is to be
tries and bringing them established during the year for
together with the already starting the invitations im-
established local industries into mediately.
a new combined spearhead of Similar moves have been
the regional economic growth." launched since April 1 by the
prefectural administrations of
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Osaka, Yamaguchi. � Aichi, created a.research panel on '
Hiroshima and Shizuoka. invitation of 16 kinds of such
The Osaka prefectural ad- industry, including micro-
ministration will check with all processor and h~^~hemical, and
such industries now existing in the possible t?cects of such
Japan as to their intentions to invitation on the present local
answer its prospective invita- industries, including wood-
tions. At the same time, it will working, furniture and textile.
spend about a year finding Experiment stations �
proper locations in the southern The prefectural industrial .
part of the prefecture and experiment stations of Ishi-
determining the suitable types kawa and Hiroshima have
of industry to enter the region. started their own research and
The prefectural administra- investigation projects on local
tions of Yamaguchi, Aichi and introduction of electramecha-
Hiroshima have likewise nical industries and application
started surveys on possibilities of such technology to tradi-
of im iting electronic enter- tional local industries.
prises into Ube and Onoda The Ishikawa prefectural
cities and their environs; all station is organizing an electro-
sorts of high-technology in- mechanical research pane~
dustry into the whole prefec- with lceal industrial experts
ture; and electronic and and engineering scholars of
related enterprises into the Kanazawa University on ihe
whole prefecture. applicabilities of electronics to '
Hiroshima authorities have the local machine, handicraft
organized a special council of and fermented so.ya bean paste
scholars, intellecturals and industries.
industriat representatives. ~ The Hiroshima prefectural
The prefectural authorities of station (at Kure) is also to
Shizuoka last November study such applicability of elec-
tronics to local industries.
COPYRIGHT: 1981, The Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc.
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" SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
SI:IGLE CRYSTALS OF METAL CARBIDE NEWLY PRODUCED
Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 955, 19 May 81 p 17
[TextJ a method of producing high� either metallic elements or
quality single crystals of inetal carbon when a given baked
carbides has been conceived by mass of inetal carbide is
a governmental institute. melted tuider a high tempera-
The National Institute for Re- ture caused by high frequency
searches in Inorganic electric waves by a widely
Materials of the Science and lmown "floating zone" procesa
Technology Agency said it has to obtain the final single cry-
succeeded in producing single stals.
crystals of uniform good ~e institute's reserch team
qualities. led by Yoshio Ishizawa,
It considered this an im� ~~rdinating researcher, has
portant stepping stone to devel- improved the process into the
oping efficient electron beam ~~titute's own process to attain
= discharging devices. the long-missed uniformity.
The institute will now ~e secret is to insert either ~
proceed to production of mona
crystals of tungsten and other metallic element or carbon
metal element carbides, most PoW~rs in between two rods of
promising for attaining its metal carbtde to work during
research aim to develop such the heating process to sup-
devices. plement the loss of the metallic
Producing metallic' element element or carbon. The rods .
carbide monocrystals of good are rotated and slowly pulled
qualities had been considered out; at a rate of only 1 cen-
very difficult rat just because timeter an hour, to get the ~aal
of the necessity of high tem- monocrystals in bar form, as
peratures of well over ~ 3,000 conventionally practiced. ,
degrees C. but because of the The heating temperature
disuniformity in the ratio of thus can be lowered by about
metailic elements and carbide a00 degrees C. than hitherto re-
contents in the final product. quired to obtain the three kinds
The disuniformity results of inetal catbides as referred to
from partial evaporation of above in wanted content ratios.
COPYRIGHT: 1981, The Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc.
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SC.CCNCF AND TECHNOLOGY ~
BRIEFS
NUCLEAR SPENT FUEL PLANT--The Japanese and U.S. Governments have agreed that
' the Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corp. should be allowed to ope-
rate its nuclear spent fuel plant for another six months. Under the previous
agreement, the Japanese Goverinnent's nuclear corporation was to run its plant,
rated at 0.7 ton daily, until June 1. The latest agreement encouraged the Tokyo
Government to try to have the U.S. remove the current system, in which the plant's
operating periods are set by the two Governments. Also, the Government of Prime
Minister Suzuki will persuade the Reagan Administration to approve the Japanese
~ plan for building a second spent fuel reprocessing plant besides the experimental
plant at Tokai village. President Reagan shows more flexible stand about the
U.S. nuclear policy. Japan's current reprocessing operation is bound by the 1977
bilateral agreement. As for the second plant, the nuclear industry intends to
set its annual capacity at 6,000 tons, with the fully commercial plant scheduled
to be completed by 1990. In exchange for the U.S. approvals, the Washington
Government may seek Japanese investment in a nuclear fuel enrichment plant and
imports of U.S. reactors. [Text] [Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English
Vol 19, No 954, 12 May 81 p 4]
REVAMPING ALUMINUM INDUSTRY--The Al~inum Industry Council of the Industrial
Structure Council, an advisory organ to the International Trade & Industry Min-
ister, has begun to reconsider measures to revamp the domestic aluminum smelting
industry which has been on the verge of collapse again since last summer's
second oil crisis. The council, first of all,.is reconsidering the changes in
the environment surrounding.Japan's aluminum smelting industry, the aluminum
smelting industry's role in the national economy, the proper production scale
- of the industry, and the industry's structural revamping measures. Among the
structural revamping measures being considered by the council are reduction in
aluminum smelting capacity, energy cost curtailment, measures for stable trans-
actions of domestic aluminum ingots, promotion of joint aluminum smelting ven-
tures abroad, and technical innovations. According to the council's recommenda-
tion in the fall of 1978, the nation's annual aluminum smelting capacity was
reduced to 1,110,000 tons by the end of March, 1979 from the previous 1,640,000
tons. The council this time is being compelled to reconsider again the reduced
capacity since the second oil crisis has further broadened the price gap between
domestic and foreign aluminum ingots. [Text] [Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in
English Vol 19, No 954, 12 Y"!ay 81 p 4]
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MASS-MARK~T 0~ MLMOItY CIIIPS--Oki Electric Industry Co is aim:Lng at takir?g the
initiative in marketing 64-kilobit dynamic random access memory (RAM) chips.
TVie 'fokyo company recently bared a plan to produce 64K dynamic RAMs at a monthly
rate of 300,000 from Augus+: ts subsidiary Miyazaki Oki Electric Co in Kiyo-
t~ke, Miyazaki Pref, The monthly output volume is double that of Fu~itsu Lim1L-ed
and Ear 1.arger than the 50,000-100,000 chips for Nippon Electric Co (NEC) and
Hitachi, Ltd. and the planned 100,000 chips (from July) for Mitsubishi F.lectric
Corp. Furthermore, Oki is planning to start marketing them at less than ~�3,000
per chip, about ~�1,000 lower than the current average pYice, from October. On
the strength of mass production and mass marketing at low prices, Oki hopes to
take the leadership in the marketing race of the strategic electronics in the
future. Against the backdrop of Oki's bold program is its recent achievement in
elevating the production yield of 64K RAMs from the present 5 per cent or so to
more than 10 per cent, according to Executive Managing Director Yoshio Masuda.
Oki will actively export the chips to the U.S. The company already has set up
a marketing subsidiary, Oki Semiconductor Inc., in Santa Clara, Calif. to
facil.itate the marketing of 64K RAMs in the world's largest semiconductor mar-
ket. [Text] [Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 954, 12 May 81
P .
C. ITOH SEMICONDUCTOR LINE--Trader C. Itoh & Co. has made a full entry into the
promising semiconductor manufacturing equipment market. The nation's third
largest trading company has become the sole agent of OptimetriX Corp. of Moun-
tain View, Calif. and started importing fully automated direct wafer stepper
project systems. C. Itoh hopes to market integrated semiconductor manufactur-
ing systems in the future by gradually increasing the number of items it will
handle. Acco rding to the importer, Optimetrix stepper pro~ection systems have
a resolution capability never before achieved in pro~ ction masking. Lines and
spaces to 1.5 microns can be obtained with the Optimetrix 8001, it said. Orders
for several units already have been received, C. Itoh said. A system costs ~220
million. [Text] [Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 954,
12 May 81 p 7] .
GREATER COMPUTER D~PORTS--Nippon Electric Co (NEC) hopes to raise the ratio of
exports to its total computer sales from the present 6 per cent to 20.per cent
in five years. In order to achieve the target, NEC will expand computer exports
hy 60-80 per cent yearly :in the coming five years. In the latest 1980 business
term ended March 31, the company sold about ~�15 billion worth computers abroad,
accounting for only 6 per cent of its total computer sales. As far as exports
are concerned, NEC lags far behind its rival computer builders--Fujitsu Limited
and Hitachi, Ltd. Communications equipment and semiconductors occupy a far
larger portion of NEC's exports than computers. As a first step, NEC plans to
start shipments of a new series of office computers to the U.S., Australia and
Southeast Asia in the second~half of the current 1981 business year. It hopes
to deliver a total of 5,000 units in three years. Half of the 5,000-unit target
will be sold in the U.S. NEC Information Systems Inc of Lexington, Mass, will
market the new series of office computers with application programs specially
designed for American users. In Southeast Asia, NEC Singapore Pte. Ltd. and NEC
Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. will promote marketing. In Australia, NEC Information Sys-
tems Australia Ltd started operation in April to facilitate computer sales there.
The company also plans sales in Argentina. [Text] [Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL
in English Vol 19, No 955, 19 May 81 p 9]
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SOVIET STEEL INSPECTION MISSION--The State Committee of U.S.~.R. Council of Min-
isters for Science and Technology has notified the Japan Association for Trade
with Soviet Union & Socialist Countries of Europe of its willingnzss to dispatch
an investigatory mission to the Japanese steel industry. The Japan Iron & Steel
Federation will shortly accept the Soviet request. The technical exchange be-
tween the Soviet Union and Japan is based on the scientific and technical coop-
eration agreement signed between the Soviet State Committee and the Japan
Associarion. The Sov iet committee has so far dispatched missions to Japan's
shipbuilding, chemical, industrial robot, automobile, and electronics industries.
While the Soviet Union is the worl.d's largest steel producer, its steel output
has been sluggish in recent years. But steel demand in the Soviet Union and its
satellite countries is rising fast, as represented by the Yamburg natural gas
pipeline construction which will use a large mount of large-diameter steel pipes.
The committee's steel mission is expected to inspect Japanese steel plants with
the principal aim of improving steelmaking facilities in the Soviet Union. [Text]
~Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 955, 19 May S1 p 6]
OPTICAL LONG WAVELENGTH SYSTEM--An optical fiber communication system of 1.3
microns in light wavelength in the longwave range of such systems to promise
a much greater communicable distance than any conventional equivalent system
in the medium-wave range has been commercially developed by Sumitomo Electric
Industries, Ltd of Osaka. The first model has been delivered to the Research
Institute of Atmospherics of Nagoya University. The new system comprises op-
tical fiber "cables" (lines) made of a quartz material. Such quartz-group
materials have been well known as the best transmitters of light pulse signals
in fiber optics communication. But product~ion of really good types of fiber
lines, light emitters and receivers, had been technologically difficult until
the company's solution of the technological problems involved. The company
envisions that its new achievement will bring a decided expansion in the ap-
plicability of the optical fiber communication systems so far developed in
Japan because the lang-wavelength type of such a system attains a communicable
distance 3.5 times the conventional medium-wavelength types. [Text] [Tokyo
.TAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 952 28 Apr 81 p 15]
CARBON FIBER CONCRETE--Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. and Kajima Corp.
jointly have developed what is said to be the world's first carbon fiber re-
inforced concrete (CFRC) that is strong in bending. Compared wit:h ordinary
concrete, the new concrete is about 30 times stronger and can be produced in
any desired shape. It is made by mixing cement mortar with low modulus car-
bon fiber (LMCF) up to 1 to 5 per cent. LMCF measures 10-25 microns in
diameter and 3-30 millimeters long. Its elongation rate is 50-60-fold that
of ordinary concrete, according to Sumitomo. Although the new concrete costs
5-10 times more in terms of unit price, less concrete is used, meaning that th.e
cost is not so high. Kajima plans to commercialize CFRC around this fall. The
company intends to use it as a new material in civil engineering fields.
[Text] [Tokyo JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English Vol 19, No 952 ~8 Apr 81 p 16]
- CSO: 4120 END
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