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KOREA : EVALUATION OF MAPS

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CREST [1]
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General CIA Records [2]
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1
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RIFPUB
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R
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234
Document Creation Date: 
November 11, 2016
Document Release Date: 
July 28, 1998
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1
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Publication Date: 
November 1, 1948
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REPORT
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COPY NO. Approved For Release 1999/09/01 :CIA-FOR THE CHIEF, P1fR9S0Q$6~1 BRANCH PRELIMINARY EDITION 0103SIRID NATIONAL SECURITY RESJUh.;ES BOARD KOREA: EVALUATION OF MAPS DOCUMENT NO.._ NNOHANGE IN CLASS. f ECLASSIFIED LASS. CHANGED TO: TS S C NEXT REVIEW DATE: AUTH DATE ,- : H 7 _I ~j RLVIEWER. _372044 1 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY AT--p roved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 WARNING This document contains information affecting the na- tional defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Act, 50 U.S.C., 31 and 32, as amended. Its transmission or the revelation of its contents in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law. Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 ,Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 nr - 1. This copy of this publication is for.the information and use of the recipient designated on the front cover and of individuals under the jurisdiction of the recipient's office who require the information for the performance of their official duties. Further dissemination elsewhere in the department to other offices which require the informa- tion for the performance of official duties may be authorized by the following: a. Special Assistant to the Secretary of State for Research and Intelligence, for the Department of State b. Director of Intelligence, GS, USA, for the Department of the Army c. Chief, Naval Intelligence, for the Department of the Navy d. Director of Intelligence, USAF, for the Department of the Air Force e. Director of Security and Intelligence, AEC, for the Atomic Energy Com- mission f. Deputy Director for Intelligence, Joint Staff, for the Joint Staff g. Assistant Director for Collection and Dissemination, CIA, for any other Department or Agency 2. This copy may be either retained or destroyed by burning in accordance with applicable security regulations, or returned to the Central Intelligence Agency by arrangement with the Office of Collection and Dissemination, CIA. DISTRIBUTION: Office of the President National Security Council National Security Resources Board Department of State Office of Secretary of Defense Department of the Army Department of the Navy. Department of the Air Force State-Army-Navy-Air Force Coordinating Committee Joint Chiefs of Staff Atomic Energy Commission Research and Development Board Approved For Release .1999/09/01: CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A00010007000 KOREA: EVALUATION OF MAPS CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY January 19+9 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A00010007000 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP7 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ............................................. INTRODUCTION ...................................................... 1 1. Purpose of the Study........... 1 2. Scope ...................................................... 1 3. Arrangement ................................................ 1 PART ONE MAPS AND MATERIALS RECOMMENDED FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES I. GENERAL ........................................................... A. Desk Size Maps for Ready Reference Use ........................ 3 B. Wall Maps ..................................................... 3 C. Atlases.........., .......... 4 D. Place Name Information ........................................ 5 E. Gazetteers and Other Locational Aids .......................... 6 F. Plotting Maps ................................................. 7 II. PHYSICAL FEATURES ................................................. 8 A. Terrain ........................................................ 8 B. Climate ....................................................... 10 C. Geology ....................................................... 10 III. NATURAL RESOURCES .................................................. 13 A. Vegetation. ..................................................... 13 B. Soils ........................................................ 14 C. Minerals ...................................................... 15 D. Water Supply .................................................. 18 IV. ECONOMY ............................................................ 20 A. Industry ...................................................... 20 1. Maps Presenting Data on Numerous Industries ............... 20 2. Industry Maps Listed by Commodity ......................... 20 a. Iron and Steel ......................... ....... ..... 20 b. Non-Ferrous Metals .................................... 21 c. Petroleum ................... ......................... 22 d. Construction Materials including Lumber............... 22 e. Electric Power ........................... 23 f. Fertilizer ............. o.............................. 24 g. Aircraft and Motor Vehicles ........................... 24 h. Chemicals and Munitions............. I .................. 24 i. Ships and Machinery ................................... 25 J. Textiles including Silk............................... 25 k. Firewood and Charcoal ................................. 26 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 CIA-RDP79-009 66 G A O d br Release 1999/09/01: CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Page' T1. Trade and Finance ........................................... 27 C. Agriculture and Food Supply ...................... 28 1. Food Supply ........................................ ... 28 2. General Agriculture ..................................... 28 3. Specialized Crops .................................. .. 29 a. Rice ................................................ 29 b. Wheat ............... .............................. 30 c. Millet ....................................... :...... 30 d. Barley and Rye ...................................... 30 e. Soy Beans ............................................ 30 f. Fruit ............................... 30 g. Tobacco .........................................-.... 30 h. Miscellaneous Crops ................................. 30 D. Animal Husbandry ....................................... .... 31 E. Fishing ..................................................... 31 1. General ................................................. 31 2. Volume of Production..................................... 32 V. TRANSPORTATION .............................. 34 A. Roads ........................................................ 34 B. Railroads ...............................-................... 36 C. Ocean Waterways ............................................. 37 D. Inland Waterways .................................... ... 38 E. Air Navigation....... ..................................... 39 VI. COMMUNICATIONS .................................................. 40 A. Telegraph......- ................................................... 40 B. Telephone ................................................... 40 C. Submarine Cables ............................................ 41 D. Radio ....................................................... 42 E. Postal service .............................................. 42 VII. PEOPLE......... ............................................... 43 43 A. Distribution................................................ B. Religion.................... ............................... 44 C. Language ..................................................... 45 D. Ethnic Minorities .................................. ....... 46 E. Social Statistics ........................................... 46 47 F. Health...................................................... G. Migration and Resettlement .................................. 47 VIII. BOUNDARIES..........* ........................................... 48 A. International Boundaries .................................... 48 1. General ................................................. 48 2. The Paektu-san Area Boundary Problem .................... 49 B. Internal Boundaries ......................................... 53 Ap dTEor Release 1999/09/01: CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A0001000700U'1CTED Page IX. CITY PLANS ....................................................... 55 X. MAP SOURCES ................ ............ ...................... 63 A. Producers and Distributors ................................... 63 B. Collections.................. ................................ 64 XI. CONCLUSIONS ............................. 65 A. Status of Coverage (Deficiencies) .. 65 B. Trends, ................. e ......... o ...... 67 PART TWO ANNOTATED LIST OF MAPS, ATLASES, AND OTHER MATERIALS Items (1) to (205) ............. ...........................69 to 222 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PART ONE Fig. 1 -- Korea-China Boundary, Location Sketch ......................... 51 Fig. 2 -- Cities and Towns over 12,000 Population ....................... 57 PART TWO Index Maps For Map (14) Geological Atlas of Chosen, 1:50,000 ................ 82 For Map (114) Korea, 1:50,000, AMS ............................... 165 For Map (123) Korea, 1:250,000 .......... ., ........................ 172 For Map (192) Korea, 1:200,000 ................................... 210 RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070D INTRODUCTION 1. Purpose of the Study. This report was prepared to aid those engaged in basis research on Korea. It can also be used as a map guide by U.S. Government personnel stationed in Korea, or by those training for such assignments., 2. Scope. Although numerous subjects are covered, this summary is not in- tended to be a complete bibliography of all maps portraying Korea. First emphasis is placed on readily available maps; however, where maps not readily available seem particularly important, they are also noted. Maps of a general character which bring out relationships between Korea and nearby countries are included. An effort was.made to recommend the minimum number of maps necessary to cover adequately a particular subject or function. Maps with texts in occidental languages are given preference. Many of the maps cited appear in the monthly Summation of United States Army Military Government Activities in Korea. Some of these deal with fairly stable distribution patterns while others pertain to matters that are subject to rapid fluctuations such as retail prices, food stocks, production of marine products, etc. The maps from the monthly summations described herein were the most recent of their types available at the time this information was assembled: however, many of these dealing with rapidly changing relationships may be rendered obsolete in the near future by the appearance of new maps, of similar types, in later summation reports. 3. Arrangement. Part One recommends the best maps and map materials for special purposes. After each heading are noted titles and numbers of pertinent RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICT D proved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 maps, gazetteers, atlases, and other materials, along with brief comparative and evaluative remarks. The numbers noted in this section refer to an annotated list (Part Two) where each item is briefly described and where information on publish- ers, publication dates, availability, and reproduction possibilities is given. Where it is of special importance, some information on publishers, dates, etc. is also included in the Part One, analytical discussion. Throughout the report, numbers of maps, atlases, gazetteers, etc. are given in parentheses. Regardless of where a given number appears, it invariably refers to the same item. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED PART ONE MAPS AND MAP MATERIALS RECOMMENDED FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES I. GENERAL A. Desk Size Maps for Ready Reference Use The majority of the maps discussed in this report are suitable for desk use. Outstanding among those of a general type are (1) Korea Roads and Railroads, 1:2,000,000, which presents considerable cultural data on a vivid portrayal of relief. Map (2) Korea Special Strategic Map, 1:2,000,000, is similar only simpli- fied. On a somewhat larger scale is (3) Korea (Chosen), 1:1,200,000, which emphasizes the cultural. pattern and provides a particularly good picture of the distribution of towns and villages. Map (4) Japan and Eastern Asia, 1:7,500,000, and the National Geographic Society Map, (137) Japan and Korea, 1:3,000,000, are general maps on which Korea is centered and shown in relation to adjacent coun- tries of the Far. East. B. Wall Maps There appear to be no .maps of Korea prepared especially as wall maps. The Korea sheet of (5) Japan Road Map, 1:1,000,000, can be used as a wall map where emphasis on transportation is desired but the place names are printed in type sizes too small to permit reading at a distance. Map (27) Korea, 1:1,000,000, a single sheet map covering all of Korea, can also be used as a wall map. It presents place names in very small. type but the portrayal of relief with plastic shading is exceptionally vivid. i RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICPproved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Although only a few of its many place names are printed in large type, Map (23) Map of Japan and Adjacent Regions, 1:2,000,000, can be effectively used as a wall map where there is a need for illustrating Korea's situation in rela- tion to Japan, Eastern China, Manchuria, and nearby areas of the USSR. This map, which is accompanied by a gazetteer, shows relief with layer colors and presents a pattern of cultural data (including vivid international boundaries) commensurate with its scale. All of the three maps cited above have romanized place names and legends in English. C.. Atlases There is one available atlas devoted solely to Korea. This is (14) Geological Atlas of Chosen, an excellent specialized atlas being published pro- gressively in bound folios. Each of the 19 folios published to date contains several sheets of a 1:50,000 geological series (geological data superimposed on the regular 1:50,000 topographic sheets), special maps at larger scales, profiles, and interpretive text.material in both English and Japanese. The 15 folios now available in the United States provide coverage for 13 small, widely scattered areas which aggregate about 10% of Korea's total area. Although the coverage is not extensive, the mapped areas are generally mineral producing sites of considerable geological interest. Many atlases of Japan include maps and other data pertinent to Korea. Prominent among the atlases of this type is (13) Climatic Atlas of Japan and Her Neighboring Countries, a specialized atlas with over one hundred and fifty colored maps providing very complete climate data for Japan, Korea, Formosa, and parts of Manchuria. This is an important source for reliable climate information on Korea. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-,00976A000100070001$li,9TRICTED The entire text is in both English and Japanese. The remaining atlases of Japan which also include Korea maps, are of amore general type. Atlas (9) Shin Nippon Zucho (New Atlas of Japan) - Japanese text - is noted for its extensive gazetteer and reliable information on Japanese readings for place names in Korea. Atlas (8) Dai Nippon Fu-, Ken-Betsu etc. (Atlas of Japan, etc.) contains ex- tensive breakdown lists of civil divisions in Japan and Korea. It includes a map showing to (province) and kun (county) boundaries in Korea. Unfortunately, the names and boundary data on this map are illegible on the photo-offset reproductions prepared by the Division of Naval Intelligence. The three remaining atlases; (10) Atlas of Japan, (11) New Map Collection, and (12) Kleiner Atlas von Japan, are small atlases quite similar in appearance and scope. All emphasize Japan but include small-scale general and subject maps pertinent to Korea. They also have gazetteers though these are not as complete as the name list appearing in previously mentioned (9) Shin Nippon Zucho (New Atlas of Japan). Of these three atlases, only (12) Kleiner Atlas von Japan (in German) has.a Romanized gazetteer. There is little to choose between atlases (10), (11) and (12) for each offers subject maps not duplicated in the other two. However, (10) Atlas of Japan, seems to contain the most detailed and complete selection of Korea maps. D. Place Name Information The prime source for information on place name transliteration methods and place name source is (15) Guide to Geographical Names in Korea (Chosen), published by the U.S. Board of Geographic Names. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 :. CIA- DP79-00976A000100070001-1 BE roved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 E. Gazetteers and Other Locational Aids In preparing the listing that follows, an attempt was made to arrange the various gazetteers, indexes, and place name lists in the order of their potential usefulness to readers unfamiliar with oriental languages. This proved difficult because each of the various locational aids noted in this section is useful in a particular way. Number (20) Gazetteer to Maps of Korea, is the most important locational guide for Korea. It contains about 18,000 names. Location is indicated with geographical coordinates and grid references. Names are from the first edition sheets of (123) Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551, except for a small area in the extreme northeast where two sheets from (195) Manchuria, 1:500,000, AMS L4O1 were used. The previously cited (15) Guide to Geographical Names in Korea (Choosen), lists this gazetteer as one of the best available sources for romanized Korean place Number (21) Place Name Index for Korea (Chosen) is unique in giving romapized Korean place name forms with their equivalent Sino-Korean characters u as well as the Korean alphabet (onmun) spellings. Location is by reference to attached 1:1,500,000 map on which names are romanized according to their Japanese readings. Number (22) Map of Korea, 1:1,000,000, includes a gazetteer of 1,300 entries with romani.zed (McCune-Reischauer system) names keyed to a marginal grid. Whtre only the names of prominent places are needed, this is a very satis- factory location guide. Number (23) Map of Japan and Adjacent Regions, 1:2,000,000, includes an index in which romanized Korean names are indexed with those of Japan in an alpha- betical sequence of about 4,500 entries. Sino-Korean characters are also given. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/6101 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A0001000700 T Location is indicated with grid reference to the map. Number (21) Sailing Directions for Siberia and Chosen, H.O. 122, includes an alphabetized index presenting romanized names from various sources. Locations are Indicated with page references to the text where coordinates are given along with descriptive information and references to hydrographic charts. Five of the previously cited atlases (8)3 (9), (10), (11), and (12), con- tain place name lists or indices but none can be considered a general-purpose locational aid. The one with romanized names (12) has a very abbreviated gazetteer. None are widely available. F. Plotting Maps For general plotting work, (25) Korea, 1:1,000,000, a blue line base map presenting fairly complete cultural data, appears to be best. Where emphasis on terrain is desired, map (27) Korea, 1:1,000,000, can be used for plotting. If it is desirable to show Korea in relation to adjacent areas, the various sheets of map (26) OSS Theatre Map, 1:1,500,000, will serve as a plotting map. This set was designed so that any number of sheets may be joined to cover any desired area. Map (45) Highways in Korea, 1:3,000,000, is a small-scale base map emphasizing Korea's road net. It is suitable for illustrating reports and for plotting data related to the road pattern. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA=k)P79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRIcTEDApproved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 II. PHYSICAL FEATURES A. Terrain Map (123) Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551 (AMS 2), provides nearly complete coverage on 41 sheets. Although it offers only a moderately detailed portrayal of Korea's terrain, availability of the sheets, English text, connection with a gazetteer, and other factors suggest that this is.thq most suitable terrain map of Korea for general use. Where more detailed terrain information is needed, either (114) Korea, 1:50,000, AMS L751, or (113) Korea, 1:50,000 (Japanese text) can be used. Map (113) Korea, 1:50,000, the basic topographical map of the country, ,provides complete areal coverage. The U.S. Army Map Service has reproduced more than half the sheets in this set as'(l14) Korea, 1:50,0-)0, AMS L751, with romanized names overprinted in purple. These reproductions provide complete coverage for Korea south of the 38th parallel and scattered coverage north of the 38th parallel. Prominent among the smaller scale terrain map is (32) Eastern Asia, 1:1,000,000, which shows relief distinctly with contours and layer colors while also presenting considerable cultural data. This series follows the sheet pattern of the International Map of the World. By bringing in adjacent sheets the coverage can be conveniently extended to illustrate relationships between Korea and nearby countries. Map (27) Korea, 1:1,000,000, a single sheet map, uses plastic shading to present an exceptionally clear picture of Korea's terrain. It also locates a few main cultural features. Map (195) Manchuria, 1:500,000, AMS L401, a medium scale topographical set, covering Korea as far south as the 40th parallel, is useful in considering prob- lems centering around the Korea-Manchuria border area. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/.!99/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 ApT map d Fos e~d~~6a owl were d9/OigneCd' Ato Fus -r~9 P 7 PPa~11 9 9Ptq~~~liilpe in connection with Korea's terrain. Each map covers the whole country on a single (6) Korea (Summary) Terrain Intelligence, Contains three maps of this type. Suitability for Airfields, after page 54, locates and classifies selected areas according to suitability for airfield construction. Cross Country Trafficability, page 29, classifies Korea's land surface according to capacity for carrying ve- hicular and pedestrian traffic. Water Supply: General Features, page 1+8, indicates main terrain types and shows availability of water for each type. All of the maps are scaled at 1:1,000,000 and each presents the specialized terrain data on a background of countours and detailed cultural information. (36) Korea, Slope, Terrain Regions, and Routes, Presents detailed data on the angle of slope and brings out relation ships between terrain and important land routes (both road and rail- road). (38) Korea, Relief and Terrain Regions, 1:1,900,000. A useful small-sheet physical map on which the ruggedness of the terrain is shown with oblique shading and elevation is indicated with layer colors. (35) Korea, Vegetation and Terrain Regions, Delineates and names terrain regions. Shows relationships between terrain-and vegetation. Other terrain maps, all with Japanese texts, are (94) Korea, 1:10,000, an old, irregularly aligned series of detailed city-vicinity maps, and (192) Korea, 1:200,000, a topographical set covering all of Korea. The 1:200,000 series was for some time the most widely used medium scale map of Korea but, for American users, it now offers RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 -9- RESTRICTElk pproved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 little that is not covered better on the more recent, multi-colored sheets of (123) Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551 (AMS 2). B. Climate Most of the availabld weather and climate maps pertinent to Korea are asso- ciated with accompanying text and statistical material. One of the best, well-rounded, summaries on Korea's weather and climate is (68) A Climatic Summary of Korea. In addition to a series of maps showing average weather conditions in all parts of Korea month by month, the booklet presents maps dealing with surface wind conditions, mean temperature, and precipitation. Inter- pretive text material and statistical tables are included. Relative completeness of the data, brevity, ready availability, and other factors suggest that this will be the climatic study most suitable for general use. More detailed climatic information pertaining to Korea will be found in (13) Climatic Atlas of Japan and Her Neighboring Countries (text in English and Japanese). This large atlas presents over one hundred and fifty colored climatic maps covering Japan, Korea, Formosa, and parts of Manchuria. It summarizes the climate records for the period 1897-1925 and includes maps dealing with aspects of Korea's climate not covered by other available materials. Item (58) Weather and Climate of Tsushima Island and the Surrounding Strait, is a study similar in scope to (68) cited above. It emphasizes south- eastern Korea and the Tsushima strait area. Map (191) Rainfall According to Locality, 1:5,000,000, clearly indicates the distribution of rainfall in relation to province (to) boundaries. C. Geology The most important geological map of Korea is a 1:50,000 series prepared by the Geological Survey of Chosen. The sheets of this set have been bound in Approved For Release 19997b 701 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070 CIED folios and published with interpretive text material under the title (14) Geologi- cal Atlas of Chosen. Most sheets carry complete texts in English and Japanese. The colored geological information is overprinted on the same relief data used for (113) Korea, 1:50,000. There are indications that 19 geological atlas folios have been published but only 15 of these were known to be in the United States in November 1947. The available folios cover many important mineral producing centers but their aggregate coverage amounts to only :L0% of Korea's total area. Various smaller scale, single sheet, geological maps covering all of Korea have been published. The best of these appear to be: (130) General Geological Map of Chosen (Korea), 1:1,000,000, and (124) Geological Map of Chosen Showing Distribu- tion of Minerals,, 1:1,000,000, both of which have texts in English and Japanese. The geological information on map (130) is presented in almost identical form on: Geology, 1:1,000,000, page 74 in (6) Korea (Summary) Terrain Intelligence. For American users, availability, English text, and accompanying interpretive data will make this map more useful than the Japanese original (130): Several publications of the Geological Survey of Korea, under the Government General of Chosen, include useful geological maps. Outstanding among these are: (127) Bulletin of the Mineral Survey of Chosen. (126) Mineral Resources of Chosen (Korea). (128) Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Chosen (Korea). Most of the geological maps in the periodicals are scaled from 1:25,000 to 1:200,000. They cover environs of towns, mineral deposits, mine sites, and some- times provinces. Texts are often in both English and Japanese. For areas not covered by large scale geological maps, considerable geologi- cal information can be inferred from such topographical maps as (113) Korea, 1:50,000, or the Army Map Service reproduction (114) Korea, 1:50,000, AMS L751. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/0111CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 In addition to their relief data, these large scale sets offer information on rock out-croppings, cliffs, crumbling banks, erosion, waterfalls, mineral springs, and other features bearing a close relation to geology. Some information pertinent to Korea's surface geology will also be found on Map (112) Japanese Soil Map of Korea, 1:500,000, (Japanese text). This map has an advantage over similar maps in that it presents detailed soil data in relation to a fairly complete picture of terrain and cultural features. Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001EI,RICTED III. NATURAL RESOURCES A. Vegetation A very detailed system of vegetation symbols is used on (113) Korea, 1:50,000 and on the Army Map Service reproduction (114+) Korea, 1:50,000, AMS L751. Although the vegetation data are not always easy to interpret, these two sets offer the most detailed information available on natural vegetation for a large portion of Korea. Vegetation, 1:1,000,000, page 63 in (.6) Korea (Summary) Terrain Intelligence appears to be the best single sheet vegetation map of Korea. It shows distribution of six main vegetation types on a fairly complete background of physical and cultural data; reliability is fair. .Map (35) Korea Vegetation and Terrain Regions, 1:1,900,000,-covers all of Korea on a single sheet using distinctive colors to locate five main vegetation types. This desk size map gives a general picture of Korea's vegetation but it is not as complete as the 1:1,000,000 map noted above. Map (30) Korea Vegetation Regions, 1:4,200,000, which also covers all of Korea on a single sheet, locates boundaries for ten main vegetation regions each of which,is described in the legend. The following maps all deal with Korea's forests: (125) Economic Map of Chosen, 1:1,500,000, (Japanese text). Covers Korea on one sheet, presents a clear though highly generalized picture of the distribution of Korea's forests. Specific tree types are not identified. (129) Map of Forest Distribution of Chosen, 1:500,000, (Japanese text). For many years this was the basic forestry map of Korea. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 ~1C1A-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Though now rather out-of-date, it still presents considerable informa- tion of value. Tree types are identified, reforested areas are shown, and boundaries for various forest administrative areas are indicated. (14+4) Forest Area Uses - South Korea, 1:5,500,000. A small-scale cartogram indicating forest acreage for each south Korean province. Forest area uses (e.g. log production, erosion control, fire- wood, etc.) are indicated. B. Soils The most important soil map of Korea appears to be (112) Japanese Soil Map of Korea, 1:500,000, (Japanese text), which covers the whole country presenting detailed soil data on a background of form lines and cultural information. Soils: Engineering Properties, 1:1,000,000, pages 66, in (6) Korea (Summary) Terrain Intelligence, classifies Korea's soils emphasizing characteristics import ant in engineering. The map is keyed to tables on adjoining pages which present soil profiles and other detailed information. The 1:4,000,000 soil map in (10) Atlas of Japan, (Japanese text), covers all of Korea and provides. an effective small-scale picture of the distribution of main soil types. Map (196) Japanese Soils, 1:3,000,000, covers both Japan and Korea on a single sheet. Although it is on a slightly larger scale, this map is considerably less detailed than the 1:4,000,000 map cited above. Cross Country Trafficability, 1:1,000,000, page 29, in (6) Korea (Summary) Terrain Intelligence, classifies main soil types according to traffic carmine capacity. Soils data are presented on a background which includes contours, spot heights, roads, railroads and a good selection of place names. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01-L-IA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Map (37) Korea, Soil Trafficab-.1Map, 1:2,100,000, is a specialized soil map emphasizing factors affecting the soil's capacity for carrying vehicles. Dis- tribution of soil types is shown with shading. This map is handy and easy to use but it lacks background cultural data and is less detailed than the traffica,aility map cited above. Some of the previously cited terrain and geological maps such as: (114) Korea, 1:5.0,000, AMS L751; (113) Korea, 1:50,000; and (130) General Geological Map of Chosen,. 1:1,000,000 offer data bearing an-important relation to soils. C. Minerals There are numerous maps showing the distribution of ore deposits and mineral exploitation sites in Korea. Among the best are: (51) Map of Producing Mines in Korea, 1:1,000,000, (Japanese text). (124) Geologic Map of Chosen Showing Distribution of Minerals, 1:1,000,000. (130) 'Japanese and abridged English texts). General Geological Map of Chosen, 1:1,000,000. (Japanese and abridged English texts). (125) Economic Map of Chosen, 1:1,500,000, (Japanese text). These four maps cover all of Korea and present mineral information in rela- tion to fairly complete patterns of cultural data, to (province) boundaries, place names, transportation features, etc. Number (51) locates deposits, identifies the exploited mineral, and uses graphic circle devices to indicate the volume of production at prominent sites. Maps (124) and (130), locate mines, identifying the exploited mineral, on a background of geological data. No information is given on the relative importance of the various mineral localities. Map (125) locates numerous mine sites (exploited mineral identified) and provides a particularly clear picture of the distribution of coal fields. This map has the advantage of presenting, mineral data in relation to other economic informa- tion (forests, fishing, agriculture, transportation). RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 i5CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Coal, 1:2,000,003, page 80, in (6) Korea (Summary) Terrain Intelligence, deals only with coal deposits. Anthracite and lignite are differentiated but producing and potentially productive areas are not. Item (193) Mineral Resources of Southern Korea offers useful mineral infor- mation for the area south of the 38th parallel. Extensive descriptive data and statistics are accompanied by a series of outline maps on which main deposits are shown. Although the locational information is not detailed, this study is still important for its recent data on volume of production. Sources of Construction Materials, 1:1,000,000, page 71, in (6) Korea (Sum- mary) Terrain Intelligence, locates .areas where sand, gravel, and quarriable rock are available. Item (11+) Geological Atlas of Chosen,includes considerable data on ore de- posits, mineral producing regions, and mine sites. Some of this information will be found on the colored, 1:50,000 geological sheets. Other mineral maps associated with the interpretive text includes geological profiles, maps of mineral producing regions and plans showing shaft layouts of individual mines. In many'instances the text is in both English and Japanese. Various periodicals published during the last thirty years by the Geological Survey of Korea include many excellent maps dealing with minerals. The titles of these publications are as follows: (127) Bulletin of the Mineral Survey of Chosen. (126) Mineral Resources of Chosen (Korea). (128) Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Chosen. Many of the maps (1:10,000 to 1:200,000) in these journals, cover important mineral producing areas. Some show installations connected with the exploitation of minerals and many present related geological information. Most map texts are in RESTRICT pproved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 -16- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Map (37) Korea, Soil TrafficabU.lity Map, 1:2,100,000, is a specialized soil -map emphasizing factors affecting the soil's capacity for carrying vehicles. Dis- tribution of. soil types is shown with shading. This map is handy and easy to use but it lacks background cultural data and is less detailed than the traffica;bility map cited above.' Some of the previously cited terrain and geological maps such as: (114) Korea, 1:50,000, AMS L751; (113) Korea, 1:50,000; and (130) General Geological Map of Chosen, 1:1,000,000 of'er data bearing an important relation to soils. C. Minerals There are numerous maps showing the distribution of ore deposits and mineral exploitation sites in Korea. Among the best are: (51) Map of Producing Mines in Korea, 1:1,000,000, (Japanese text). (124) Geologic Map of Chosen Showing Distribution of Minerals, 1:1,000,000. Japanese and abridged English texts). (130) General Geological Map of Chosen, 1:1,000,000. (Japanese and abridged English texts). (125) Economic Map of Chosen, 1:1,500,000, (Japanese text). These four maps cover all of Korea and present mineral information in rela- tion to fairly complete patterns of cultural data, to (province) boundaries, place names, transportation features, etc. Number (51) locates deposits, identifies the exploited mineral, and uses graphic circle devices to indicate the volume of production at prominent sites. Maps (1211) and (130) locate mines, identifying the exploited mineral, on a background of geological data. No information is given on the relative importance of the various mineral localities. Map (125) locates numerous mine sites (exploited mineral identified) and provides a particularly clear picture of the distribution of coal fields. This map has the advantage of presenting mineral data in relation to other economic informa- tion (forests, fishing, agriculture, transportation). RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/0115 CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Coal, 1:2,000,000, page 80, in (6) Korea (Summnary) Terrain Intelligence, deals only with coal deposits. Anthracite and lignite are differentiated but producing and potentially productive areas are not. .Item (193) Mineral Resources of Southern Korea offers useful mineral infor- mation for the area south of the 38th parallel. Extensive descriptive data and statistics are accompanied by a series of outline maps on which main deposits are shown. Although the locational information is not detailed, this study is still important for its recent data on volume of production. Sources of Construction Materials, 1:1,000,000, page 71, in (6) Korea (Sum- mary) Terrain Intelligence, locates areas where sand, gravel, and quarriable rock are available.. Item (14+) Geological Atlas of Chosen,includes considerable data on ore de- posits, mineral producing regions, and mine sites. Some of this information will be found on the colored, 1:50,000 geological sheets. Other mineral maps associated with the interpretive text includes geological profiles, maps of mineral producing regions and plans showing shaft layouts of individual mines. In many instances the text is in both English and Japanese. Various periodicals published during the last thirty years by the Geological Survey of Korea include many excellent maps dealing with minerals. The titles of these publications are as follows: (127) Bulletin of the Mineral Survey of Chosen. (126) Mineral Resources of Chosen (Korea). (128) Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Chosen. Many of the maps (1:10,000 to 1:200,000) in these journals, cover important mineral producing areas. Some show installations connected with the exploitation of minerals and many present related geological information. Most map texts are in RESTRICTV%rk proved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 -16- XJ]4RICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070 both English and Japanese. Several readily available U.S. published maps, compiled during World War II, offer mineral information in connection with data on related industries. The five maps listed below (each covering all of Korea) are of this type. (64) Korea, Non-Ferrous Metals and Non-Metallic Minerals, 1:2,000,000. Locates mines, identifying the exploited mineral. Some mine. locations are approximate. (66) Korea: Primary Centers of Industry, Power, and Mines, 1:3,000,000. Locates mine sizes for ten main minerals. (61) Korea, Iron and Steel Industry, 1:3,800.000. `Locates iron and ferro alloy ore mines. (62) Korea, Coal and Petroleum, 1:3,800,000. Symbols indicate approximate locations of major coal fields. Figures near symbols show the number of mines in each field. (197) Important Mines, Oil, and Metallurgical Plants of Korea, (Chosen), 1:1,625,000,, Locates numerous mines and deposits, identifies the exploited mineral, provides data on about 25 different minerals. The three small-scale maps noted below cover Korea south of the 38th paral- lel. They originally appeared in various issues of the Summation of United States Army Military Government Activities in Korea. Although the maps are not detailed, they present mineral production information based on 1946 figures. ,(140) Output of Operating Metal Mines and Smelters, 1:8,000,000. Locates mineral producing areas and indicates volume of production. (158) Principal Salt Producing Areas, 1:9,000,000. . Provides a sketchy picture of the distribution of main salt producing areas. RESTRICTED -17- Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 (169) Coal Mining -- South Korea, 1:9,000,000. Locates coal mining areas and indicates volume of production. Mines are located by symbol on various topographical set maps such as (113) Korea, 1:50,000, (114) Korea, 1:50,000, AMS L751, (123) Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551, and (32) Eastern Asia, 1:1,000,000. D. Water Supply Some of the best available maps offering data pertinent to Korea's water supply appear in (41) Water Supply and Sewerage of Korea, Strategic Engineering Study No. 155. This work includes a general water supply map covering all of Korea and six city plans showing details for the more important city water systems. The accompanying text, tables, and statistical material aid in interpreting the maps. Aside from their information on water supply installations, the city plans in this study offer nothing that is not covered better on the plans cited in Sec- tion IX, CITY PLANS. Map (42) Korea Water Supply and Sewerage Systems, 1:2,000,000, is similar in scope to the general water supply map appearing in the above mentioned engineering study, item (4l). It is on a larger scale and presents more information on springs, dams, and drainage but does not provide as much technical data on individual city water systems.. Item (6) Korea (Summary) Terrain Intelligence, includes two useful water supply maps. The most important of these (Water Supply, 1:1,000,000, page 4+8) classifies Korea's terrain according to the natural availability of water. An ad- joining table explains the classifications used on the map. The other map (Water Supply: Municipal Systems and Sewage Disposal, 1:1,500,000, page 50) is a simple outline map on which underlining of names indicates the type of data available RESTRICTED -18- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED (in the adjoining text) on each city water system. The tables to which the map is keyed are quite detailed and they include estimates as to the reliability of the water supply data. The medium scale topographical set, map (123) Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551, effectively portrays important dams and reservoirs. Springs, wells, dams, and other water supply features are identified with varying clarity on the sheets of (114) Korea, 1:50,000, AMS L751 and (113) Korea, 1:50,000. Map (43) K o song (Seoul, Kei,jo) and Inch'on (Chemulpo, Jinsen) Water Sup- ply Sketch Map, 1:47,000, provides an effective analysis of the water supply system serving the cities of Kyongsong (Seoul) and Inch'on. Various maps offering pertinent data on ground water and mineral springs are to be found in the periodicals: (127) Bulletin of the Mineral Survey of Chosen, and (128) Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Chosen (Korea). RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED IV. ECONOMY A. Industry The available.maps presenting data on Korea's industries are numerous and varied. Differences in coverage patterns, scope, reliability, and. other factors make it desirable to divide this section into two major parts. The first part provides a listing of general economic maps that show several types of industrial activity. The second part presents a listing of map titles by commodity along with brief descriptive and analytical comments. If a particular nap provides data on more than one commodity, its listing is repeated wherever it seems justified. A few of the more general maps noted in the first part are re- peated under the commodity headings. Unless otherwise noted, each map covers all of Korea. 1. Maps Presenting Data on Numerous Industries (197) Important Mines, Oil, and Metallurgical Plants of Korea (Chosen), 1:1,625,000. Provides fairly reliable data on the distribution of main refineries, smelters, and petroleum processing plants. (66) Korea: Primary Centers of Industry, Power, and Mines, 1:3,000,000. Presents a fairly well-rounded view of'Korea's industry. Important plants are located with picture symbols. (47) Korea, Industrial Concentrations, 1:4,000,000. Provides a breakdown of major industrial concentrations. Distinctive coloring applied by province indicates degree of industrialization. 2. Industry Maps Listed by Commodity a. Iron and Steel (194) Korea, Iron and Steel Industry, 1:8,000,000. Based on 19+6 data; apparently the most regent iron and steel map available. Rather crude and sketchy; should be studied in con- nection with accompanying text material. -20- REST~proved. For Release 1999/09/01: CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01: 00070001 -1 (140) Output of Operating Metal Mines and Smelters, 1:8,000,000. Covers South Korea only, shows distribution of iron.and steel production (quantitative) for most of 1916. (61) Korea, Iron and Steel Industry, 1:3,800,000. The best U.S.-published iron and steel map based on wartime data. Available in quantity, and suitable for general use even though the data on "integration" of plants is not too clear. Includes informa- tion on ferro-alloy ore mines. (197) Important Mines, Oil, and Metallurgical Plants of Korea (Chosen), 1:1,625,000. "Presents reasonably accurate iron and steel data in relation to information on other mineral producing and processing centers. b. Non-Ferrous Metals (197) Important Mines, Oil, and Metallurgical Plants of Korea (Chosen), 1:1,625,000. Based on wartime data but quite complete and reliable for locating main processing centers. (64) Korea, Non-Ferrous Metals and Non-Metallic Minerals, 1:2,000,000. Based on wartime data location of many plants is approximate. Confined strictly to non-ferrous metals, not as complete or reliable as the map noted above. (66) Korea: Primary Centers of Industry, Power, and Mines, 1:3,000,000. Presents data on non-ferrous metal processing centers along with other industrial activity. -21- RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICT pproved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 (47) Korea Industrial Concentration, 1:4,000,000. A more generalized treatment of data covered by the preceding map (66). c. Petroleum (62) Korea, Coal and Petroleum, 1:3,800,000. Based on wartime data-, symbols locate petroleum refineries and synthetic oil plants. (197) Important Mines, Oil, and Metallurgical Plants of Korea (Chosen), 1:1,625,000 Locates main petroleum refineries. (53) Minor Oil Facilities of Korea, (With Related Transportation), 1:3,900,000. Symbols locate packaged oil warehouses and depots. (57) Breakdown of the Standard Vacuum Oil Co. in Japan and Korea, various scales. Contains a series of 60 city plans, sketches, and diagrams showing Standard Vacuum properties and installations in Korea. Precise property dimensions are given. d. Construction Materials Including Lumber (63) Korea, Plants Producing Construction Materials, 1:3,800,000. Based on wartime data, symbols locate plants producing cement, structural steel, brick, tile, building stone and other materials. (168) Lumber Production, 1:4,500,000. Based on 1942 data, shows lumber production (quantitative) by province. Ten types of lumber identified. (167) Sawmills, 1:4,500,000. Covers South Korea only, shows distribution of sawmills as of Sept. 1946. RESTRICTED -22- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976AO001 00070001 -1 RESTRICTED e. Electric Power (198) Electric Power of Korea (Strategic Engineering Study). Includes various maps locating main power stations and lines, classifies stations as to power output. Accompanying text, tables, and statistics deal with all phases of Korea's-power supply. (54) Korea, Distribution of' Electric Power Plants, 1:2,000,000. An effective single sheet map locating and classifying Korea's power installations. Thermoelectric and hydroelectric plants are differentiated by color. (125) Economic Map of Chosen, 1:1,500,000 (Japanese text). Includes 1:3,000,000 inset showing distribution of developed power sites. Varied symbols indicate each site's actual or estimated capacity in kilowatts. (66) Korea: Primary Centers of Industry, Power, and Mines, .1:3,000,000. Locates main power lines and plants. Brings out relationships between electric power and other industries. Shows. operating and incomplete power dame. (44) Fusen-Choshin Power Development, 1:120,000. A detailed, single sheet topographic map showing the many import- ant power installations north of Hungnam (Konan). (67) Choshin-Fusen Hydraulic Power Plants and Konan. Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant in Korea, n.s. A diagrammatic perspective map showing the Changjin and Fusen power stations, their transmission lines, and the main industrial plants in Hvungn.am which they supply. Approved For Release 1999/09/Q13:-CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001 'STRICTER Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED (65) Suiho Dam and Environs (Yalu River), 1:25,000. A large-scale plan covering the Suiho dam and adjacent installa- tions. f. Fertilizer (59) Commercial Fertilizer Plants in Korea, 1:4,000,000. Based on 1946 data, locates fertilizer plants throughout Korea. Plants producing phosphatic, nitrogenous, and organic fertilizers are differentiated. (67),Choshin-Fusen Hydraulic Power Plants and Konan Nitrogen Ferti- lizer Plant in Korea-, n.s. Locates many of the nitrogen fertilizer plants in the Hungnam (Konan) area. g. Aircraft and Motor Vehicles (50) Korea, Aircraft, Motor Vehicles and Munitions Plants, 1:3,900,00'). Based on wartime data, not entirely accurate but still the best readily available map of its type. (47) Korea Industrial Concentration 1944, 1:4,000,0 0. Locates aircraft and motor vehicle plants. (66) Korea: Primary Centers of Industry,. Power, and Mines, 1:3,000,000. A common symbol locates aircraft and "transport" manufacturing centers. h. Chemicals and Munitions (46) Korea, Major Chemical Plants, 1:3,500,000. Locates 28 major chemical plants identifying the chemicals produced or processed. RESTRICTA#pproved For Release 1999/9/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Approved For Release .1999/09/01: CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001 1 (66) Korea: Primary Centers of Industry, Power, and Mines, 1:3,000,000. A common symbol is used to locate plants producing chemicals and (67) Choshin-Fusen Hydraulic Power Plants and Konan Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant in Korea, n.s. Covers Hungnam city and environs. Locates various important chemi- cal plants in this area. i. Ships and Machinery (50) Korea, Aircraft, Motor Vehicles, and Munitions Plants, 1:3,900,000. Locates ten munitions plants by symbol. Map based on wartime data; no information is given on the relative importance of the (48) Korea, Machiner and Railway Equipment Manufacturing Centers and Shipyards, 1:3,800,000. Locates two classes of shipyards (1940 data). (47) Korea Industrial Ccncentration 1941+, 1:4,000,000. Provides a highly generalized picture of the distribution of in- dustrial plants producing ships, machinery. Textiles Including Silk (66) Korea: Primary Centers of Industry, Power and Mines, 1:3,000,000. Symbols locate eight textile production centers. (145) Cotton Factories in South Korea, 1:4,000,000. Covers South Korea locating cotton factories by.symbols. The size of the symbol is proportional to the amount of ginned cotton processed annually. RESTRICTED -25- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 (180) Distribution of Cocoons Produced, 1:10,000,000. Dots show distribution of cocoon production. Graphic circles in- dicate number of selected silkworms in each province. k. Firewood and Charcoal (166) Charcoal and Firewood Productions, 1:9,000,000. Covers South Korea showing distribution of estimated charcoal and firewood production for 1946. Additional information on major industrial plants, as well as data on small local industries, will be found on various plans listed under the names of cities in Section IX, CITY PLANS. RESTRICTED -26- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976AO00100070001-1 RESTI~ i u-'ED B. Trade and Finance The main patterns of Korea's wartime and prewar trade, which was. closely in- tegrated with Japan's economy, are illustrated on various small-scale maps. Promi- nent among these is page 63 in (11) New Map Collection (Japanese text), which shows prewar trade routes and volume of traffic between Japanese and Korean ports. A map indicating the principal products imported and exported from Korean ports appears on the same page. Item (12) Kleiner Atlas von Japan (German text) contains a map, number 35, portraying the volume of traffic along Korean land and sea routes. Map (39) The Japanese Shipping Position for 1942, 1:23,000,000, covers East Asia showing, among other relationships, Korea's position in Japan's wartime trade. Also pertinent to Korea's trade and finance are several small-scale maps dealing with price indexes and postal savings. These cover only the American occu- pation zone south of the 38th parallel. The maps are listed below with brief com- ments. (174) Provincial Retail Price Indexes, 1:9,000,000. A series of six maps, each dealing with a different commodity, showing rural retail prices as of Sept. 1946. (172) Urban Retail Price Indexes, 1:9,000,000. Same as,(174) for urban areas. (170) Monthly Per Capita Food Costs, 1:9,000,000. Two companion maps incu.cate per capita food costs by province and per capita f. ood costs in five main cities. (160) Postal Savings, 1:6,000,000. Shows Postal Savings deposits and withdrawals for early 1946. Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA-RQP79-00976AO00100070001R STRICTER Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED The organization of the government monopoly bureau (which controls the pro- duction and distribution of salt, tobacco, ginseng, and opium) is shown on map (151) Monopoly Bureau Organization, 1:9,000,000. C. Agriculture and Food Supply This section is divided into three parts. The first part lists maps per- taining to the food supply situation. The second part discusses maps dealing with agriculture generally, while the third part lists specialized maps under the names of crops. Unless otherwise noted, each map has an English text and covers all of Korea. 1. Food Supply (163) Summer Grain Productions Per Capita, 1:9,000,000. Covers only South Korea showing 19+6 summer grain production in relation to the South Korea average. Also provides data on grain surpluses and deficits. (171) Government Controlled Staple Food Stocks, 1:9,000,000. Covers only South Korea showing the distribution of staple food stocks as of October 1946. (28) Surpluses and Deficits of Staple Food Production, 1:3,800,000. A complicated quantitative distribution map designed to bring out relationships between areas with adequate and inadequate food supplies. 2. General Agriculture Maps ()+0) Land Utilization in Japan, 1:3,700,000, and (34) Korea, Agricultural Production and Communications, 1:4,300,000, show agriculture in rela- tion to natural vegetation. Map (143) Arable Lands - South Korea, 1:6,000,000, RESTRICT proved For Release 1999/0901 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 -2 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1- covers only South Korea presenting generalized Aata on the distribution and owner- ship of arable land. Very detailed information on the agriculture of various regions is given on.the sheets of (114) Korea,'1:30,000, AMS L751 and (113) Korea, 1:50,000 (Japa- nese text). On these sets, rice cultivation (irrigated, dry), orchards, and cul- tivated marshes are located. Mulberry and tea growing areas are also shown. (125) Economic Map of Chosen, 1:1,500,000 (Japanese text). Roughly locates production centers for a number of main crops. This map has the advantage of presenting general agricultural information in relation to other important economic features such as forests, mines, and fishing. (131) A Study of Chinese Emigrants Settled in Korea on Fire Farms. Includes an effective 1:8,000,000 map showing the distribution of arable land by distinctive colors. 3. Specialized Crops Unless otherwise noted in the comments following the title, each map listed under this heading is a dot distribution map covering all of Korea. All map texts are in English. a. Rice (116) Rice (irrigated), 1:12,500,000. (176) Distribution of /Rice 7 Paddy Fields, 1:10,000,000. (165) Rice Production Per Capita-Provinces, 1:9,000,000. Covers only South Korea using pie graphs to show late 1946 rice pro- duction in relation to the South Korea average. (146) Rice Collection Program, South Korea 1 Dec. 1946 to Aug. 1947, 1:9,000,000. Covers only South Korea indicating prospective surpluses and deficits -29- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 in rice production. b. Wheat (122) Wheat, 1:12,500;000. (175) Distribution of Cultivation of Wheat, 1:10,000,000. c. Millet (120) Millet, 1:12,500,000. (178) Distribution of Cultivation of Italian Millet, 1:10,000,000. d. Barley and Rye (177) Distribution of Cultivation of Barley and Rye, 1:10,000,000. (121) Barley, 1:12,500,000. e. Soy Beans (118) Soy Beans, 1:12,500,000. (181) Distribution of Cultivation of Soy Beans, 1:10,000,000. f. Fruit (186) Distribution of Grape Growing, 1:10,000,000. (185) Distribution of Pear Growing, 1:10,000,000. (183) Distribution of Apple Growing, 1:10,000,000. g. Tobacco (69) Tobacco Map of Japan, 1:1,500,000. Color locates cultivation zones for major tobacco varieties and sub types. (159) Principal Tobacco Producing Areas, 1:9,000,000. Covers only South Korea. Locates tobacco growing areas and identi- fies a few main varieties. h. Miscellaneous Crops (117) Mulberry Trees, 1:12,500,000. RESTRICTED -30- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED (179) Distribution of Cultivation of Cotton, 1:10,000,000. (182) Distribution of Cultivation of Hemp, 1:10,000,000. .(187) Distribution of Cultivation of Potatoes, 1:10,000,000. (119) Radishes, 1:12,500,000. (157) Principal Ginseng Producing Areas, 1:9,000,000. D. Animal Husbandry There are a few small-scale maps showing the distribution of farm animals in Korea. Among the best of these are: (184) Distribution of Farmyard Fowls, 1:10,000,000.' (188) Distribution of Horses, Donkeys, Mules, Goats, Sheep, 1:10,000,000. (189) Distribution of Pigs, 1:10,000,000. (190) Distribution of Cattle (Oxen), 1:10,000,000. These are English text dot maps covering all of Korea; A small scale map on page 29 in (12) Kleiner Atlas von Japan (German text) also shows the distribution of farm animals in Korea., E. Fishing In the following; tabulation, maps providing data on Korea's fisheries are divided into two groups. The first group includes maps dealing with general rela- tionships such as areal, where certain fish are caught, number and type of boats. number of workers,, processing plants, restricted fishing areas, etc. In the second group are statistical'niaps providing data on the volume of production. All of the maps except three have English texts and each map covers all of Korea unless other- wise noted. 1. General (205) Japanese Fisheries Map, 1:3,000,000 (Japanese text). A carefully prepared wall map covering Japan, Korea, and adjacent Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-R.f~P79-00976A000100070001 5T- R1?TED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED seas. Identifies types of fish caught, main fishing areas, important processing installations, and provides data on volume of catch. (149) Fisheries, 1:9,000,000. An excellent series of small-scale maps showing restricted fish:_ng areas, government control stations, associations and guilds, as well as various types of plants connected with the fishing industry. Some of the maps cover all of Korea while others are confined to South Korea. (156) Principal Fishing Areas and Fishing Ports, Korea, 1:4,500,000. Locates fishing ports and principal fishing areas. Shows areas planted with codfish eggs in 1946. (164) Fisheries Workers and Fleet, 1:9,000,000. Covers only South Korea, giving data on number of fishing workers, tonnage of boats, types of boats, etc. (11) New Map Collection. Map 2, page 62, 1:6,000,000 locates fishing areas and identifies types of fish caught. (Japanese text). (125) Economic Map of Chosen, 1:1,500,000 (Japanese text). Symbols printed around Korea's coasts identify areas where certain types of fish (cod, salmon, whitefish, red snapper, etc.) are caught. 2. Volume of Production (The three maps listed in this group cover South Korea only.) (162) Processed Marine Products, 1:9,000,000. Production of processed marine products is indicated with pie graphs and figures in provinces. (147) Fisheries Productions, 1:9,000,000. Shows volume of the fish catch in metric tons and the value in yen. RRSTRIC proved For Release 1999/0Y01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 ESTRI.CTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 CIA-RDP79-00976A0001000700 (161) Fish Catch - South Korea, 1:9,000,000. Indicates volume of the fish catch - July 1946. RESTRICTED -33- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 V. TRANSPORTATION A. Roads The three most important maps offering information on the roads of Korea appear to be (123) Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551 (AMS 2), a set map suitable for use in the field as an operational road guide; (5) Japan Road Map, 1:1,000,000, Korea sheet, suitable for route planning and limited field use; (1) Korea Roads and Railroads, 1:2,000,000, appropriate for desk use and route planning but not suitable for use in the field. Maps (123) and (5) provide complete coverage except for a few small areas in the extreme northeast. Map.(1) covers the whole country. All three have English texts. Numerous other maps and reference materials present specialized aspects of Korea's road net. The best are noted below along with brief descriptive and evalu- ative comments. (32) Eastern Asia, 1:1,,000,000. A small-scale topographic set presenting fairly detailed road data. By bringing in adjacent sheets, the coverage can be extended to illus- trate Korea's road connections with Manchuria and the USSR. (110) Highways of Korea. A map-illustrated Strategic Engineering Study noteworthy for its de- tailed data on road width, construction materials, traffic capacity, bridges, etc. (139) Highways - South Korea, Sept.191+6, 1:4,300,000. A sketchy road'map covering South Korea only. It shows existing roads and roads under construction as of September 1946. RESTRICTED -3L-- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED (6) Korea (Summary) Terrain Intelligence. .This study includes three maps which present supplementary road data of considerable value. Road Construction and Maintenance, 1:1,000,1000, page 62, classifies Korea's land surface according to the prevalence of conditions which favor or retard road building; Rivers, 1:1,000,000, page 32, emphasizes river crossings (bridges, ferries, fords) while Cross-Country Trafficability, 1:1,000,000, page 29,classifies Korea.'s soils according to their capacity for carrying vehicular and pedes- trian traffic. (37). Korea, Soil Trafficability Map, 1:2,100,000. Presents data on the soil's capacity for carrying vehicles under varying climatic conditions. Although it is simpler and easier to use, this map is not as detailed and complete as the cross-country trafficability map cited above. (36) Korea, Slope, Terrain Regions and Routes, 1:1,900,000. Presents detailed data on the angle of slope; brings out relation- ships between roads and terrain. (45) Highways in Korea, 1:3,000,000. A small outline map showing Korea's main road net. It is suitable for illustrating reports and plotting data related to roads. (8) Dai Nippon Fu- Ken-Betsu Chizu Narabi Chimei Daiken, (Atlas of Japan, Maps of Cities and Prefectures with Gazetteer). Includes a 1:2,000,000 transportation map providing information on distances between named places. Information on roads in and around urban areas will be found on the various plans listed under the names of cities in Section IX, CITY PLANS. P9-00976A000100070001 STRICTm Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA-P- R Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED B. Railroads Korea's railroad net was modified considerably during the war. Most avail- able maps showing railways do not present an entirely accurate picture. For many sections of track only approximate alignment data are now available. In the following tabulation, various maps showing railroads have been noted along with brief descriptive and evaluative comments. The first five maps appear to be most important. The order in which they are listed has little significance for each is useful in a particular way'. (123) Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551, (AMS 2). Covers all of Korea, locates 4'8 1/2" gauge and narrow gauge railways (single track, double track). In general, this series offers the most detailed data available on track alignment; although in areas for which air photo coverage or other reliable sources were unavail- able, track alignment is sometimes approximate. Where this is true "approximate alignment" appears on the map. Tunnels and bridges are located. (7) Railroads of Korea, 1:2,500,000. Covers all of Korea and is devoted solely to railroad data. Presents detailed classification and precise gauge figures. Distinguishes single from multiple track, identifies bridges, shops, yards, and other features. (1) Korea Roads and Railroads, 1:2,000,000. Presents a clear, small-scale portrayal of Korea's railroads. Locates railroad facilities and provides data on multiple track, gauges, and tunnels. RESTRICT, proved For Release 1999/0/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 STS Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : 0007000-1 ? (32) Eastern Asia, 1:1,000,000, AMS 5301, A small-scale topographic set providing complete coverage for Korea on (5) six sheets. Railroad data varies from sheet to sheet but most sheets show whether lines are double or eingle.track and broad or narrp gauge--alignment is sometimes approximate. By brir.ging,in adjacent sheets, the coverage can be extended to illustrate orea's railroad connections with Manchuria and the USSR. Japan Road Maw., l:i,000,000. The Korea sheet of this sense covers nearly all .of Korea except a small area in the extreme northeast, Railroad alignment is shown in. more detail and in relation to a more complete cultural background than on map (1) . Gauges are identified but no information is given on facilities, multiple tracks, or tunnels. (36) Korea, Slope, Terrain Regions and Routes, 1:1,900,000., Presents detailed data on the angle of slope and brings out relation- ships between railroad right-of-ways and terrain, (133) Pilotage Charts.,, l:500,000.. ,(13ii-) Aeronautical Approach,Charts, 1:250.,000. For certain areas,, these larger scale aeronautical charts present a very of fectLve portrayal of railway tunnels and bridges . large scale pictures of ra I.1wa r facilities (terminals, yards, shops, etc.,) 'inurban -areas are. offered by various plans listed under the names of cities in Section IX., CITY FLANS.. Z. Ocean Waterways The charts prepared by-the Japanese --Navy,, (200) Japanese Hzdrorayhic Charts,. are the prime source for information on the ports, coasts.,, and coastal STRZ+r D Approved For Release 1999/09/01 :. CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 waterways of Korea. The Japanese have published over 70 charts which provide com- plete coverage for Korea at various scales. Texts. are usually both English and Japanese. Charts published in the United States, (199) United States Hydrographic Charts, are important to American users becaus~j of,their ready availability. These charts were compiled largely from Japanese charts and cover Korea completely although, for some areas, the Japanese charts provide coverage at a larger scale. Item (24+) Sailing Directions for Siberia and Chosen, presents detailed navigation instructions for Korea's coasts and offshore islands. The description of ports, landing places, islands and other features make this volume very useful in interpreting hydrographic charts and other map materials offering data on Korea's coastal areas. Map (201) Korea, Ports, Landings, and Anchorages, 1:2,100,000, covers all of Korea using loading capacity as a criterion for a rather detailed classifica- tion of ports. D. Inland Waterways The two most important maps dealing with Korea's inland waterways appear to be: Diagrammatic Map, Waterways of Korea, 1:1,500,000; a simple diagrammatic sketch showing navigability for three types of vessels; and a companion map, Waterways of Korea, 1:1,500,000, which shows the stream detail omitted on the diagrammatic map. Both appear in (138) Waterways of Korea Strategic Engineering Study, #158. This work also includes text, tables, pictures, diagrams, plans, and other data helpful in interpreting the hydrography patterns shown on various maps. Additional material on inland waterways will be found in (6) Korea (Summary) Terrain Intelligence, which contains a useful map (Rivers, 1:1,000,000, page 32) RESTRICTED -38- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED emphasizing stream crossings (bridges, ferries, fords) while also showing naviga- bility. E. Air Navigation Korea is completely covered by relatively recent American Air Forces Aero- nautical charts scaled at 1:1,000,000, and 1:500,000. USAF Aeronautical approach charts scaled at 1:250,000 provide nearly complete coverage. Although these charts are not as complete and reliable as charts at similar scales covering the United States, they are still the most important air navigation guides for Korea. The small-scale charts, (132) World Aeronautical Charts, 1:1,000,000, pre- sent a fairly complete assortment of air navigation information on a generalized background of physical and cultural data. These charts were intended for use in route planning and for air navigation on longer flights. The 1:500,000 charts, (133) Pilotage Charts, are intermediate in detail between the 1:1,000,000 charts and the aeronautical approach charts scaled at 1:250,000. The large-scale charts, (134) Aeronautical Approach Charts, 1:250,000, were intended primarily as guides to be used in approaching landing fields. The physi- cal and cultural data have been selected and generalized for this special purpose. Various sheets of (123) Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551 (AMS 2) provide an excel- lent portrayal of airfields and surrounding cultural features. Most airfields are named and the alignment; of some runways is shown. Suitability for Airfields, 1:1,000,000, after page 54 in (6) Korea (Summary) Terrain Intelligence, locates and classifies selected areas as to their suitability for airfield construction. Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA-PtPP79-00976A0001000700014STRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 -kFjf D A. Telegraph For gFneral use, map (29) Telecommunications, 1:2,000,000, a desk size map covering all of Korea, offers tht; most complete and reliable information on Korea's telegraph system. Stations and lines are located and relationships between these and other telecommunications features are shown. Item (111) Communications Map (Chosen), 1:1,200,000 (Japanese text), is a useful telecommunications and postal map published by the Superintendent of Com- munications of the Government General of Chosen. Although this map is dated 1933, it is still significant for its detailed classification of telegraph offices, ex- changes, and administrative centers. It includes insets for Kyongsong and Pusan, The 1:2,000,000 map on page 51 in (8) Dai Nippon Fu-KeKen-Betsu Chizu Narabi Chimei Daikan, (Atlas of Japan, Maps of Cities and Prefectures with Gazetteer) - Japanese text - clearly locates main telegraph stations. The legends of (111) Korea, 1:50,000, AMS L751 and (113) Korea, 1:50,000, provide symbols for three classes of telegraph offices but these are often difficult to identify on the maps. Where telegraph information is needed for urban areas, city plans are often the best available source. Many of the pl..Lns listed in Section IX, CITY PLANS, include data on telegraph offices and related features. B. Telephone Item (111) Communications Map (Chosen), 1:1,200,000 (Japanese text), locates long distance telephone lines and various classes of telephone offices, exchanges, and administrative centers. Although dated 1933, this map still presents a rather effective outline of Korea's telephone system. RESTRICTFklj~ proved For Release 199919/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 CIA-RDP79-00976A0001000700II -i The best readily available English text map showing Korea's telephone system appears to be (29) Telecommunications, 1:2,000,000, which provides reasonably reli- able telephone information for all of Korea. Telephone repeater stations are loca- ted but telephone lines are not always differentiated from telegraph. Map (150) Telephone Control Offices, 1:5,000,000, covers all of Korea show- ing the distribution of telephone subscribers. The legends of (114+) Korea, 1:50,000, AMS L751 and (113) Korea, 1:50,000, provide a symbol for telephone offices but this is often difficult to identify on the sheets of these sets. Many of the maps listed under Section IX, CITY PLANS, include data on tele- phone offices and associated features in major cities and larger towns. C. Submarine Cables Although it is based on data assembled during the war, map (29) Telecommuni- cations, 1:2,000,000, presents fairly reliable data on the main submarine cables connecting Japan and Korea. Telegraph cables are differentiated from telephone cables. Map (23) Map of Japan and Adjacent Regions, 1:2,000,000, covers Korea, Japan, Manchuria, China and nearby areas of the USSR providing an effective portrayal of the cable network connecting these areas. The alignment of the main cables between Korea and Japan is shown in greater detail on this map than on map (29) cited above; but the various types of cables are not differentiated. Pusan (Fusan) is a vital focal point for submarine cables serving Korea. Various United States Hydrographic Office charts -- see (199) United States Hydro- graphic Charts -- present a clear picture of the alignment and shore connections of submarine cables terminating at this important port. RESTRICTK'D Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED -"`- Wpproved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Several Japanese charts -- see (200) Japanese Hydrographic Charts -- also tnclude useful data on submarine cables. D. Radio Radio broadcasting stations south of the 38th parallel are clearly located on map (154) Korean Broadcasting Corporation, 1:6,000,000. This map gives each station's call letters and indicates its normal reception area. Map (29) Telecommunications appears to be the only available map presenting a reasonably complete, single sheet, picture of radio transmission facilities for all of Korea. It locates broadcasting stations (giving call letters, if known) radio direction finders, radiotelegraph stations, and other types of radio instal- lations. This map is based on data assembled during the war and its portrayal of Korea's radio facilities is not entirely up-to-date and reliable. Item (132) World Aeronautical Charts, 1:1,000,000, ^rovid.es data on radio facilities associated with air navigation. E. Postal Service The best available postal map (111) Communications Map (Chosen), 1:1,200,000 (Japanese text), locates various types of offices, administrative centers, relay points, delivery routes, and exchange points. Distances between stations are given and the types and frequency of service are indicated in many cases. Although Korea's postal system has been altered by the division of the country, it seems probable that the general outline presented on this map is still valid. Different classes of postal stations and administrative centers are located with varying clarity on the sheets of maps (113) Korea, 1:50,000, and (114) Korea, 1:50,000, AMS L751. Information on postal facilities in urban areas will be found on a, great ,any of the plans listed under the names of cities in Section 1X, CITY PLANS. RESTRICTED -42- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 REST ICTED VII. PEOPLE A. Distribution Nearly all of the available maps showing the distribution of population in Korea are based on statistical data assembled in the 1930's. These maps do not adequately record the population movements resulting from the Japanese war effort. Recent developments such as the repatriation of Japanese and the return of Koreans formerly residing abroad are partially reported on various graphs and sta- tistical charts appearing in the monthly "Summation of United States Army Military Government Activities in Korea"; however, these very recent trends have not yet been adequately mapped. Only one of the maps (49) noted in the following tabulation is readily available&and it has'many inadequacies. Items (10) and (115) though carefully drafted, present a somewhat out-of-date picture. Map (19) is a sketchy, small- scaly. map giving the main outline of -recent trends on ,he population movement. (".9) Distribution of Population in Korea, 1:2,250,000. The portrayal of population distribution is crude and sketchy. The map is included in this listing because it appears to be the only population map of Korea for which distribution copies are readily available. The population data are based on statistics of 1938. (10) Atlas of Japan (Japanese text). Page 43-44, 1:10,000,000, provides two pictures of the distribution of population in the Japanese Empire. (a) On a dot distribution map. (b) With distinctive, coloring on a map showing internal political divisions. Though the scale is small, both portrayals are effective. Having them on a single page RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01- 3CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 A proved For Release 1999/09/01 :CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICT facilitates camparison. Map 3, 1:7,000,000, on page 37 shows the dis- tribution of population by dots. This map covers only Korea. (115) Population, 1:12,500,000. Distribution of rural population (1932 statistics) is.shown by The number of inhabitants in each urban area is indicated by pie graphs proportional in size to the city's population. (19) Percent of Population Change, 1:10,000,000. Distinctive shading provides a highly generalized picture of the per- centage of the population increase 1935-41. Based on population fig- ures for the late 1930's and fragmentary statistical data for the period since 1940. B. Religion Confucianism, Buddhism, and Christianity are the major faiths in Korea.. It addition, shamanism, and a native cult, Chondokyo, have adherents. Followers of these faiths are scattered-throughout the country and no religion is indentified with any particular area. Most of the few specialized maps dealing with religion in Korea show the distribution of Christian mission stations and the division or' Korea into mission- ary zones agreed upon by various Christian churches. Among maps of this type, map (60) Korea Mission, 1:300,000, which covers southwestern Korea, appears to be the most detailed. It locates various types of mission stations and identified places where Christian services are held. An in- set shows the division of Korea, into Presbyterian and Methodist missionary spheres. Map (203) Japan, Korea, and Formosa, Showing Protestant Mission Stations, 1:2,700,000, is a simple outline map with place names keyed to an RESTRICTED -44- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 :CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070 ICS 0111 -1 index identifying the missions at each named locality. The name of the church and nationality of the sponsoring group are indicated. Item (31) Map of Korean Missions, 1:3,000,000, illustrates the division of Korea into missionary zones recognized by various churches. Map (202) Important Cultural Sites, 1:5,000,000, locates a few prominent Buddhist temples. Churches, shrines, and temples are located by symbol with vary- ing clarity on such large-scale topographical sets as (113) Korea, 1:50,000, and (114) Korea, 1:50,000, AMS L751. Information on churches, mission hospitals, mission schools, temples, and other religious edifices in particular localities, will be found on many of the maps listed under the names of cities in Section IX, CITY PLANS. C. Language A single tongue - the Korean language - is spoken throughout Korea. The pro- nunciations found in northern Korea vary somewhat from those in the southern provinces, but not sufficiently to prevent ready understanding between speakers of different dialects. Areas where the various Korean dialects are spoken are clearly located on map (148) Spoken Korean Dialects, 1:10,000,000. Accompanying graphs show the number of persons speaking each dialect. Item (109) AStudy of Korean Dialects (Japanese text), includes several use, ful linguistic maps. The most significant appear to be Nos. 2-9, which use dis- tinctive symbols to indicate how certain basic words are pronounced in different localities. Part of the pronunciation data is romanized. Map No. 10 in this study locates areas where main dialects are used. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTS Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Map (lj) Percentage of Native Koreans who Understand and Speak Japanese, 1:3,700,000, is a simple sketch map showing the approximate ?distribution of native Koreans who understand and speak Japanese. Each map noted above covers all of Korea and presents linguistic data on a background of internal boundaries. D. Ethnic Minorities In 1941 the two most important minority groups in the Korean population were the Japanese, who comprised 2.9% of the population, and the Chinese who accounted for about 0.3%. The Japanese have since been repartriated and are no longer an important minority. Their distribution at the time of their maximum occupancy is shown on map (16) Korea, Japanese in cities over 10,000, 1:4,000.000. A sketchy picture of the distribution of Chinese in Korea is provided by a map ("Chinese Emigrants by District", 1:2,300,000) appearing in (131) A Study of Chinese Emigrants Settled in Korea on Fire Farms (Japanese text). E. Social Statistics Maps (18) Gross Reproduction Rates 1930, Japan, Korea, and Formosa, 1:14, 000,000, and (19)-Percent of Population Change, 10,000,000, are small-scale sketch maps covering all of Korea. Both use distinctive shadings to illustrate trends in population growth. The maps noted below were prepared in 1946 by United States Occupation Forces in Korea. They cover only South Korea, presenting data on the police system, prisons, and crime rate. RESTRICTED -46- Approved For Release 1999/09101 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Map (141) Police -South Korea, 1:9,000,)00, shows the authorized number of police by province and the distribution of divisional and district police offices. On map (142) Prisons and Prison Industries, 1:4.000,000, prisons are loc,ted and the number of inmates is indicated. Map (155) Civilian Prison Population, 1:6,000, 000, indicates the distribution of civilian prisoners and ,classifies them as to sex, race, and legal status. Map (173) Criminal Offences, South Korea Provinces, 1:9,000,000, uses provinces as statistical units for graphically illustrating the yearly crime rate per 100,000 people. Map (153) Percent of School Age Children in School, 1:6.000,000, also usos provinces as statistical units and indicates the percent of school age children in school by distinctive shading. F. Health Medical facilities in Korea do not exist for the majority of the population and there are few recent, broadly based statistics from which accurate health maps can be prepared. Map (204) Distribution of Typhus in Korea 1934-35, uses distinctive shading to show the typhus rate per 100,000 people. Map (152) Ratio of Graduate Medical Doctors to Population, 1:9,000,000, is a small-scale sketch map covering South Korea only. Some information on medical facilities in particular localities is offered by maps listed under the names of cities in Section IX, CITY PLANS. G. Migration and Resettlement Several rather recent, large-scale movements of people have an important relation to contemporary Korean affairs. Prominent among these are the migration of Koreans into eastern and southeastern Manchuria, the settlement of Japanese in Korea and their subsequent repatriation, and the recent repatriation of numerous Koreans formerly residing abroad. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01-CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 l~E'TRICZED The distribution of Koreans in Manchuria is protrayed on several maps of which (`)2) Manchuria ("Manchukuo") Number of Koreans, 1:4,500,000 (1942-43 data.) appears to be the best. Map (55) Koreans in Manchuria, 1:8,500,000 consists of two small-scale maps on one sheet. The first shows Koreans in Manchuria by province (1940 data) and the second indicates Koreans in cities with a population over 100,000 (1941 data). Map (33) Chosenese Immigration Map of Manchukuo, 1:9,000,000, distinguishes various types of Korean settlement areas in Manchuria (e.g. farm settlements. subsidized settlements). The distribution of Japanese in Korea at the time o' their maximum occupancy is shown effectively on map (16) Korea: Japanese in Cities over 10,000, 1:4,000,000 (1937- 41 data). There appear to be no available maps illustrating the dispersal of Koreans return- ing to Korea. VIII. BOUNDARIES A. International Boundaries 1. General Korea is a peninsula with the Sea of Japan, the Korean Straits, and the Yellow Sea along its shores The Yalu and T'zmen Rivers form the greater part of its continental boundary. The Yalu River is a conventional boundary which has been recognized by both China and Korea for several hundred years. Between the upper reaches of the Yalu and Tumen Rivers there is a small zone where the boundary is indefinite; this problem area is dealt with in detail in later paragraphs. The Tumen River as a boundary between Korea and China is defined in the Treaty of Sept. 4, 1909, between Japan and China. RESTRICTED Approved For Release I 999/09/0-t ClA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA-RDP79-00976A0001000700 The Treaty of Peking, 1860, appears to be the legal basis for Korea's eleven mile boundary with the USSR. Although the agreement between Russia and China (Kor- ea was then under a vague Chinese suzerainty) is concerned primarily with the fron- tier in the Amur-Ussuri area, the text specifically mentions the lower reaches of the Tumen as forming the boundary betw.-en Russia and China. Map (113) Korea 1:50,000 offers the largest scale coverage available for Korea's land frontier but the sheets of this Japanese text series rarely provide complete relief information for adjacent territories outside Korea. Map (123) Korea 1:250.000, AMS L551 (AMS 2) effectively shows Korea's land boundaries and, with the joining sheets of a similar AMS set covering Manchuria, provides uniform coverage for adjoining areas on both sides of the boundary. Map (195) Manchuria 1:500,000, AMS L401, which covers nearly all of Man- churia and Korea north of 400 N., is useful in considering problems related to Korea's land boundaries, particularly in the northeast. 2. The Paektu-san Area Boundary Problem On maps, the Korean' boundary has traditionally followed the Yalu to its headwaters, then to the Ch'ang-pai Shan (Korean: Paektu-san), -- a composite group of volcanoes enclosing a lake - and thence to the headwaters of the Tumen. Many minor variations in the portrayal of the Korean boundary in the Paektu- san area have appeared on maps. Although a treaty between Japan and China, Septem- ber 4, 1909, was to have settled the question, the inexact drafting of the agree- ment leaves many points in doubt. RESTRICTED -49 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A00010.0070001-1 "Art. 1.-The Governments of Japan and China declare that the River Tumen is recog- nized as forming the. boundary between China and Korea, and that in the region of the source of that river the boundary line shall start from the boundary monument and thence follow the course of the stream Shihyishwei."l Chinese maps of relatively recent date as well as Japanese maps based on data assembled prior to 1916 (when the Paektu-san area was surveyed by the Japanese) vary in locating the Shihylshwei (Korean: Sog'dl; Japanese: Sekiotsusui). Even though the best available maps agree that the Shihyishwei generally follows the 42nd parallel, there is still disagreement as to where the 'rumen leaves off and the Shihyishwei begins (see Fig. I). Japanese maps published in the last fifteen years adhere rather consistent- ly to a border portrayal (boundary "A" on Figure I) which, presumably, would put the boundary monument noted in the treaty near the summit of Paektu-san (Ch'ang- pai Shan). Both (113) Korea, 1:50,000 and (192) Korea, 1:200,000 locate a bound- ary monument in this area but there is no way of determining whether or not this is the specific monument noted in the 1909 agreement. The Japanese presentation agrees quite closely with the portrayal found on a number of older maps prepared prior to the drafting of the treaty and is probably a reasonable interpretation of the conventional or traditional boundary. Chinese maps published during the last fifteen years generally show-the bor- der going up a tributary of the Yalu and from there over a mountain pass to a trib- utary of the Tumen, thus completely by-passing Paektu-san. Although Chinese 1. John V. A. MacMurray, Treaties and Agreements with and Concerning China, 1894- 1919 York, 1921), Vol. 1, pp. 796-797, "Agreement Relating to the Chientao region Sept. 4, 1909". RESTRICTED -50- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIAFR.DP79-00976A000100070001-1 Chinese : Shih-i-shin (river) Korean : Sogul Qj Japanese : Sekiotsusui 128? Miles KOREA-CHINA BOUNDARY, LOCATION SKETCH International boundary where Chinese, Japanese and Korean maps agree. o o o 0 o o (A) Boundary generally used on Japanese maps and on most maps published in the United States. It follows the stream Shih-i-shui (Shihyishwei) ( 7 Z ~k) mentioned in the treaty of Sept. 4, 1909 between Japan and China. x x x x (B) Boundary shown in the Ting atlas, 1934 (also follows the Shih-i-shui but connection with Yalu differs from Japanese interpretation). (C) Boundary used on sheet K 52 0, Korea 1:250,000, AMS L551 (AMS 2), 1946. This portrayal approximates alignment shown on Manchuria 1:300,000 and other Chinese maps. (D) On some maps the name "rumen" is used between points Dl and D2; other maps apply Shih-i-shui to this stream. 11044 Map Branch, CIA 11-48 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED maps are not consistent'in indicating the alignment of this boundary they are rather consistent in avoiding the extension of the boundary to Paektu-san. Only one Chinese map dated 1931, was found which names the stream Shihyishwei and lo- cates the boundary in a manner agreeing with the Japanese interpretation noted a- bove. The lines marked "B" and "C" on Figure I are approximations of the most com- mon. portrayals appearing on Chinese maps. A desire on the part of the Chinese to foster a historical claim to the Paektu-san area may be at least a partial explanation for the varying Chinese boundary interpretations. Shannon McCune, in an. article titled "Physical Basis for Korean Boundaries"- recalls a Chinese official's explaining the Chinese version of the Paektu-san area boundary by making reference to the legend that the.mountain was the place of ori- gin of the Manchu dynasty and that therefore the entire mountain should belong to China. As shown on maps, the varying Chinese interpretations of the Paektu-san boundary seem largely attributable to a lack of knowledge of the disputed area. Some Chinese maps bear so little resemblance to map: ';aced on reasonably reliable Japanese surveys that the stream patterns can hardly be compared. There is no evi- dence to suggest that the Chinese have ever made detailed surveys southeast of Paektu-san and there is abundant evidence that, in the past, Chinese map compilers did not have access to the contoured 1:50,000 Japanese sheets covering this area. Although these factors do not entirely rule out the possibility that one of the Chinese portrayals (Boundary "B" on Figure 1) may have a plausible claim to legi- timacy, they do cast a reasonable doubt. 1. The Far Eastern Quarterly, Vol. V, No. 3, May 1946. Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA-RDP79-00976A00010007000GfiRICTED -52- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Recently,- various prominent American maps, such as (123) Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551 (AM$ 2), and the National Geographic Society map (137) Japan and Korea, 1:3,000,000, deviated from the portrayal generally found on maps published in the United States and showed a boundary alignment following one of the Chinese inter- pretations. Although the existing maps of the upper reaches of the Yalu and Tumen Rivers are not entirely complete and reliable, the map evidence now available suggests that boundary "A" (see Figure I) is the most accurate map interpretation of the 1909 treaty. B. Internal Boundaries Korean Name Japanese Name Type o f Political Unit 1. to - do province 2. pu municipality 3. kun county - 4. a town 5. rayon township -' 1. to: The boundaries of these first order political divisions are well es- tablished and correctly shown on almost half of the maps listed in this report. Map (113) Korea, 1:50,000 and (114) Korea, 1:50,000, AMS L751 provide the largest scale portrayal of to boundaries. 2. pu:- The municipalities or major cities were regarded by the Japanese as being somewhat superior in status to counties and were supervised directly by the provincial government. In the later period of Japanese administration in Korea there was a trend toward including the suburbs Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070004F1TRICTED 53- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 ; CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED within the cities and increasing the number of cities. Most of the changes in Korea's internal boundaries made during the last ten years in- volved pu cities and the surrounding towns, townships, and counties. Pu boundaries are shown on maps (113) Korea, 1:50,000, and (114) Korea, 1:50,000, AMS L751, and (192) Korea, 1:200,000. The boundaries shown on these maps are usually correct if the sheet was revised in 1937 or later. Pu boundaries are also shown on some of the maps listed under the names of cities in Section IX, CITY PLANS. Cities of pu status are iden- tified on map (2) Korea Administrative Divisions, 1:2,000,000, though only a few of the 20 or 21 pu cities are large enough to have their areal extent show up on a map at this scale. 3. Kun: The counties numbered 218 in 1943 and their boundaries, which gen- erally follow topographical features, are rather well established. Where irregularity in kun boundaries is found on maps it will generally be en- countered in the environs of pu status cities. (See above). A number of maps offer data on kun boundaries. Map (56) Korea Admi- nistrative Divisions, 1:2,000,000, which provides a useful, single-sheet picture of kun boundaries along with the boundaries of other,administra- tive districts, is suitable for general desk use. The largest scale representation of county boundaries will be found on (113) Korea 1:50,000 or the Army Map Service reproduction (114) Korea, 1:50,000, AMS L751. Useful medium scale portrayals are offered by (123) Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551, (192) Korea, 1:200,000, (Japanese text) and "(135) Korea Province Maps, 1:500,000 (Japanese text). RESTRI proved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 _54- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED The atlas (8) Dai Nippon Fu-, Ken-Betsu Chizu Narabi Chimes Daikan, (Atlas of Japan, Maps of Cities of Prefectures with Gazetteer), (Japanese text), shows kun boundaries on various maps and provides a list of these divisions, Atlas (10) Atlas of Japan. (Japanese text) contains a map 1:10,000,000 on which counties are used. as statistical units to illus- trate the relative density of population. 4. up: Towns boundaries are shown on the city vicinity series (94) Korea,. 1:10,000, (113) Korea 1:50,000, the Army Map Service reproduction (114) Korea, 1:50 000, AMS L751, (192) Korea, 1:200,000, and (135) Korea Pro- vince Maps, 1:500,000. The town boundaries shown on these maps are more likely to be reliable if the sheet is dated 1937 or later. Town boundaries are depicted on several of the maps listed under the names of cities in Section IX, CITY PLANS. 5. myon: Townships are often larger than towns though their populations are gen- erally smaller and their economic functions less important. The maps cited in the previous paragraph also show township boundaries. Cheju (Quelpart) island and the capital city, Seoul (formerly a muni- cipality), were given provincial status in 1946 by the military govern- ment in South Korea. IX. CITY PLANS In the following table Korean cities and towns with populations greater than 12,000 have been arranged according to population. In the left column, Korean names have been listed prominently with Japan- ese forms and other variants given in parenthesis. Because of the variant names Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001 STRICTED -55- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976AO00100070001-1 RESTRICTED and the great similarity of numerous Korean names, geographic coordinates have been included to insure identification. The title and number of the recommended city plan are given after each town name. The map's scale, language, and date are also indicated. Titles of alternate maps, given because of their ready availability or for other reasons, have been listed under Other Coverage. When "Janis Air Photos" appears in the Other Coverage column, this indicates that air photos covering all or part of the town appear in Chapter VIII, JANIS 75, April 191+5. In the final column, brief descriptive and evaluative comments are:given to aid in selecting the most suitable map for a particular purpose. Detailed descriptions of each numbered map noted in the table will be found under the appropriate number in Part Two. RESTRI *pproved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976AO001 00070001 -1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED II. CITIES AND TOWNS OVER 12,000 POPULATION POPULATION* TOWN NAME AND COORDINATES TITLE OF RECOMMENDED TOWN PLAN SCALE & LANGUAGE OTHER COVERAGE DATE REMARKS 935,464 KYONGSONG (Keijo) (70) Kyongsong or Seoul 1:12,500 English (81) Keijo-Jinsen Industrial Map (70) is a detailed city plan (Seoul) (Keijo) 3/46 Area, 1:25,000, 5/46. based on Japanese maps and recent (43) Kyongsong etc. Water air photos. An index on the re- 37?32'N., 126?59'E. Supply Sketch, 1:47,000. verse side names and locates.pre- JANIS Air Photos cincts. Map (81), same style, shows indus- trial area and suburbs between Kyongsong and Inchon (Jinsen). 285,965 PYONGYANG (71) Pyongyang (Heijo) 1:12,500 English (72) Heijo, Korea, 1:11,500, (71) Pyongyang (Heijo); very (Heijo) 10/46 13 Dec. '44 (air photo reliable and complete, identifica- mosaic). tion of installations particularly JANIS Air Photos detailed, inset shows Jido coal mine region. The air photo mosaic (72) covers only part of city prop- er but extends coverage further east than the map, (71). 249,734 PUSAN (Fusan) (73) Pusan (Fusan) 1:12,500 English (74) Town Plan of Pusan Map (73) Pusan (Fusan) provides fairly 7/46 (Pusan), 1:27,000, 2/45. reliable coverage for the city 35?06'N., 129002'E. (75) Fusan, Korea, 1:17,000, proper and environs. Installa- 17 Nov. '44 (air photo tions are identified. Map (74) mosaic). is a smaller-scale plan suitable for illustrating reports. The air-photo mosaic is useful for its information on land utiliza- tion and as a check on other maps. 197,918 CH'ONGJIN (76) Ch'ongjin (Seishin) 1:12,500 English (77) Ch'ongjin (Seishin), Map (76) Ch'ongjin (Seishin) is (Seishin) 8/45 Korea, 1:21,500 ['44]. detailed, complete, and reliable. JANIS Air Photos Map (77) Ch'ongjin (Seishin), 41?47'N.,129?50'E. Korea, on a smaller scale, is suitable for illustrating reports. Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 POPULATION TOWN NAME AND COORDINATES TITLE OF RECOMMENDED TOWN PLAN SCALE & DATE LANGUAGE 178,923 TAEGU (TaikU) (78) Sketch Plan of Taegu 1:17,500 English (Taikyu). 12/45 35052'N.,128?35'E. 171,165 INCH'ON (Jinsen) (79) Inchon 1:12,500 English (81) Keijo-Jinsen Industrial 7/46 Area 1:25,000, 5/46. 37?29'N.,126?38'E. JANIS Air Photos 120,000 # HUNGNAM (Konan) (80) Hungnam (Konan) 1:10,000 English JANIS Air Photos 5/45 39050'N.,127037'E. 79,320 WONSAN (Genzan) (82) Wonsan (Genzan) 1:12,500 English JANIS Air Photos 2/45 39? 09'N.,127 0 261E. 75,320 HAMHUNG (Kanko) (83) Hamhung (Kanko) 1:10,000 English JANIS Air Photos 9/44 39054'N.,127032'E. # Population estimate from SURVEY OF KOREA, U.S. War Dept., 1944. The recommended plan appears to be the only reasonably modern plan of Taegu now available in Washing- ton. Main installations are iden- tified but the map is sketchy and incomplete. Map (79) Inch'on is a detailed, reliable, plan covering the. city proper. Map (81) Keijo-Jinsen Industrial Area is also detailed and reliable but on a smaller scale. It covers the eastern portion of Inch'On and the indus- trial area between Inchon and Ky8ngsbng (Keijo) (Seoul). The recommended plan is reliable and quite complete. It identifies the industrial installations near the city. (Same as above) (Same as above) Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 POPULATION TOWN NAME AND COORDINATES TITLE OF RECOMMENDED TOWN PLAN SCALE & DATE LANGUAGE 72,062 KAESONG (Kaijo) (85) Sketch Plan of 1:13,500 English (84) Keiki Kaijo, 1:13,000, Kaesong (Songdo) 12/45 1930 (Japanese text). 37?58'N.,126?33'E. (Kaijo). The recommended plan is little more than a rudimentary sketch showing main transportation fea- tures and a few important installa- tions. It is preferred to the Japanese plan (84) Keiki Keijo only because of its English text and ready availability. 68,676 CHINNAMP'O (86) Chinnamp'o 1:10,000 English (67) Chinnamp'o Korea, Map (86) Chinnamp'o is detailed (Chinnampo) (Chinnampo) 5/45 1:11,700, 13 Dec. '44 and reasonably reliable although (Air photo mosaic). it does not record all changes 38043'N.,125?24'E. 64,520 KWANGJU (Koshu) (88) Sketch Plan of 1:14,000 English Kwangju K5shu 12/45 35009'N., 126?55'E. 64,256 MOKP'O (Moppo) (89) Mokp'o (Moppo) 1:12,500 English 3/45 34?48'N.,126?23E. 62,651 HAEJU (Kaishu) (90) Haeju(Kaishu) 1:12,500 English 5/45 38002'N.,125?43'E. in the coastline shown on air photographs. The air photo mosaic (87) supplements the map. The recommended plan is rather inadequate. It provides an out- line of main transportation fea- tures and identifies a few major buildings. The recommended plan is a detailed and reasonably reliable map cover- ing the city and environs. RESTRICTED Approved For Release.1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79'-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 POPULATION TOWN NAME AND COORDINATES TITLE OF RECOMMENDED TOWN PLAN SCALE & DATE LANGUAGE 61,143 SINUIJU (91) An-tung and Shingishu 1:12,500 English (Shingishu) 40?06'N.,124?23'E. 47,230 CHONJU (Zenshu) (92) Sketch Plan of 1:13,000 English JANIS Air Photos Chon.iu (Zenshu) 12/45 45,541 35049'N.,127?09'E. TAEJON (Taiden) (94) Korea, 1:10,000 1:10,000 Japanese 36?19'N.,127?26'E. -Taejon (Taiden) sheet- 1917 43,291 CHINJU '(Shinshu) (94) Korea, 1:10,000 1:10,000 Japanese -Chinju.(Shinshu) 1917 35 E. ?12'N.,128?05' sheet- 40,553 KUNSAN (Gunzan) (93.) Kunsan (Gunzan) ' 1:12,500 English 35?59'N.,126?12'E. 38,319 NAJIN (Rashin) (95) Najin (Rashin) 1:20,000 English (96) Rashin Ko, 1:16,500 1/46 2/45. 42? 1O'N.,130017'E. RESTRICTED Map (91) An-tung and Shingishu is a fairly detailed plan covering Siniiju and the adjacent Manchurian town Antung. Main transportation features are located and important installations are identified. The recommended plan is a simple sketch showing main roads and railroads, and a few important buildings. The recommended plan is a sheet of an older irregular topographical set covering many Korean towns and cities. Recent changes in transportation and other features are not shown. The recommended plan is detailed and reliable. There is little to choose between (96) Rashin Ko, and the recommended plan (95) Najin (Rashin). The former is on a larger scale but the latter presents-more detail and covers a greater portion of the hinterland. RESTRICTED. Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 POPULATION TOWN NAME AND COORDINATES TITLE OF RECOMMENDED TOWN PLAN SCALE & DATE LANGUAGE OTHER COVERAGE 37,5004 CHEJU (Saishu) (136) Cheju (Saishu Yu) c.1:20,000 English 4/45 33030'N.,126 0 31'E. 36,429 MASAN (97) Masan 1:12,500 English 2/46 35012'N.,128?34E. 31,259 YOSU (Reisui) (98) Yosu, Reisui) 1:10,000 English 5/45 34045'N.,127?44'E. 30,143 CH'ONGJU (Seishu) (106) sketch Plan of Ch'ongju (Seishu) .1.13,500 English 12/45 36039'N.,127?29'E. 23,496 SONGJIN (J5shin) (99) JSshin (Sonjin) Plan 1:12,000 of Port and Town '44 40040'N.,129011'E. 23,462 v SUNCH'ON (Junten) No'plan available 39025'N.,125?55'E. August 1948 22,821 HOERYONG (Kainei) (94) Korea, 1:10,000- 1:10,000 Japanese Hoery6ng (Kainei) 1919 42? 26'N.,129045'E. sheet- #Population estimate from Survey of Korea, U.S. War Dept., 1944. REMARKS The recommended plan, apparently the only coverage available, is a crude, rudimentary sketch. The recommended plan is a detailed and reasonably reliable map covering the city and environs. (Same as above) The recommended plan is a sketch showing roads and railroads, built up areas, and a few important buildings. Map (99) is sketchy and inadequate. Main transportation features are shown but only a few installations are identified. The recommended plan is a sheet of an older, irregular,, topographical set covering many Korean towns and cities. Recent changes in transportation and other features are not shown. Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED POPULATION TOWN NAME AND COORDINATES TITLE OF RECOMMENDED TOWN PLAN SCALE & DATE LANGUAGE 22,085 UNGGI (Yuki) (100) Unggi (Y-uki) 1:20,000 English (101) Unggi (Y'uki) Korea 42?19'N.,132?22'E. 21,335 1-48 (Ri-ri) (103) Sketch Plan of I-ri 1:13,000 English (Ri-ri) 12/45 35?57'N.,126?57'E. 41043'N.,129?11'E (102) Map of Ranan c.1:12,000 English & 1944 Japanese 20,051 KYOMIP'O (Kenjiho) (104) Komi 'o 38044'N.,125?38'E. 1:12,500 English JANIS Air Photos 2/46 19,988 CHINHAE (Chinkai) (105) Chinhae (Chinkai) 1:12,500 English 35?09'N.,128?40'E. 15,250 P'OHANG-DONG (107) Sketch Plan of 1:13,500 English (Hoko-do) P'ohan~-dono 12/45 (Hoko-d5) 36? 02'N.,129022'E. 12,500 CHONGJU'(Teishu) No plan available August 39041'N.,125?13'E. MUSAN (Mosan) 42?12'N.,129?13'E. (108) Musan (Mosan) 1:25,000 English 5/45 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 The recommended plan is slightly more detailed than map (101). Both are based in part on air photographs. The recommended plan is a simple sketch showing main transportation features built up areas, and a few important buildings. (102) Map of Ranan is copied from a Japanese plan with an incomplete English text added. It is reasonably reliable and complete although parts are difficult to read. The recommended plan is exceptionally clear, detailed, and reliable (105) Chinhae (Chinkai) is detailed and reasonably reliable. The recommended plan is sketchy showing only main transportation features, built up areas, and a few important installations.' Map (10.) Musan (Mosan) gives little detail for the town proper but identifies major installations in the town and nearby areas. Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 X. MAP SOURCES A. Producers and Distributors Prior to V-J Day, the Land Survey Bureau under the Government-General of Chosen was the dominant mapping organization in Korea. This agency was staffed largely by Japanese trained in Japan's Imperial Land Survey. The maps produced re- fleet the Imperial Land Survey's cartographic techniques and standards. In addition to topographic maps of Korea, the Land Survey Bureau is relieved to have drafted and reproduced specialty maps from data assembled by other agencies of the Government-General of Chosen. During the war, various United States Government Agencies such as the Army Map Service, the Office of Strategic Services and the Foreign Economic Administra- tion, produced numerous maps of Korea. For the most p,:-t these were compilations in which current data from intelligence sources were superimposed on physical and cultural patterns copied from maps prepared by the Land Survey Bureau. Because of the availability of distribution copies in the United States, some of these wartime maps will remain important to American users for several years to come. During the period of military occupation, the United States Army Military Government in Korea and the United States Army Map Service were the most important producers and distributors of maps covering Korea. The organization plan of the American Military Government in South Korea provided for a Bureau of Surveys under the Department of Public Works. Although work accomplished since the repatriation of the Japanese has not been extensive, it is assumed that the Bureau of Surveys will eventually become Korea's primary producer of maps. Other Korean agencies assigned surveying and mapping functions by the American Military Government include: RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01- CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 03- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED (a) Marine Transport Bureau, Harbor Section, Department of Transportation. (b) Geological Survey, Bureau of Mining, Department of Commerce. (c) Irrigation and Reclamation Section, Department of Agriculture. (d.) Forestry Section, Department of Agriculture. (e) Coast Guard Section, Department of Internal Security. These organizations have been handicapped by a lack of expert advisors. In some fields their work has been confined to planning or to the overlaying of speci- alized data (forests and reclamation) on Army Map Service maps. _ Privately published maps of Korea are not numerous and most of those appear- ing during the last ten years were prepared by Japanese firms which, in all proba- bility, will not remain active in the publication and distribution of maps covering Korea. .One Korean concern, the Han Yang Products Company of Kyongsong (Seoul), has in the past distributed a general map of Korea. B. Collections It is highly probable that the most complete map collection in Korea wa once associated with the central offices of the Land Survey Bureau in Kyongsont Map procurement teams connected with the American occupation forces in southern Korea searched this accumlation and procured many maps (mostly topographic sheets) for shipment to the U.S. Army Map Service.. Nothing is known regarding the present condition of this collection and very little can be inferred from the maps sent to the United States for these have not yet been adequately processed. Although only conjectural conclusions can be drawn regarding the condition and status of smaller map collections in Korea, it seems probable that a few small collections are held in main government offices, colleges, schools, libraries, museums, and in local administrative centers. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 :-q~IA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Such collections may have been searched by U.S. map procurement officers. XI. CONCLUSIONS A. Status of Coverage (Deficiencies) Korea, though not as completely and accurately mapped as Japan proper, is still one of the best mapped countries in the Far East. A fairly dense triangula- tion network covers the whole country and a good basic survey has been made at the scale of 1:50,000. The single greatest deficiency in Korea map coverage appears to be the lack of recent cultural data, on the existing 1:50,000 topographic sheets. There is a serious need for revision surveys directed toward updating cultural information on this important set. Other large scale sets, such as the 1:25,000 and the 1:10,000 city vicinity series are also in need of revision.. For many years the 1:200,000 set covering Korea was the primary medium scale map of the country. A revised edition was prepared in 1937 but, as far as American users are concerned, this set has been largely superseded by the appearance' of the new AMS 2, 1:250,000 sheets fap (123) in this report7. Korea is rather well covered by a variety of general maps and specialty maps ranging from 1:500,000 to smaller scales. The completeness and reliability of these are in direct proportion to the permanency of the relationships portrayed. In connection with specialty maps, there are several deficiencies which can be attributed to the arbitrary division of Korea into separate occupation zones. For South Korea, subjects such as industry, agriculture, fishing, telecommunica- tions, social statistics, and trade are rather adequately covered by recent small- scale maps.prepared by the United States Occupation Forces. Where maps depicting areas north of the 38th parallel are desired, it is often necessary to rely on RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01-6IA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001 1 RESTRICTED out--of-date Japanese maps or compilations of doubtful reliability prepared in the United States during the war. There is a very definite need for a good wall map of Korea emphasizing major features and presenting place names in type styles large enough to permit reading at a distance. An adequate map showing distribution of population in relation to internal political divisions is also needed. Between 1917 and 1923 the Japanese prepared an extensive series of city plans scaled at 1:10,000. Some of these were revised in the late 1930's but the majority are now badly out-of-date. Privately published plans of varying quality were prepared for only a few major cities. During the war, the U.S. Army Map Ser- vice unr.?.e"took the compilation of a series of Korean city plans. In many cases the 1:10,000 Japanese plans were used as a base on which data from air photographs, hydrographic charts, intelligence reports, and other sources were added. Korea's most important cities and many other towns are now covered by adequate plans; Korea is completely covered by relatively recent air charts scaled at 1:1, 000,000 and 1:500,000. Aeronautical approach charts scaled at 1:250,000 provide nearly complete coverage. Hydrographic charts portraying Korea's coasts have been prepared by the chart publishing agencies of numerous countries including the United States. The Japanese, who conducted most of the original surveys, have prepared the greatest number of charts. Southern Korea is particularly well-covered by large-scale Japanese charts. Air photo coverage of varying quality is available for at least half of Korea. Most major cities, strategic zones, and economically important areas have been photographed. Air photos were used by the Army Map Service in compiling various AMS set maps and city plans. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/0166CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A0001000700%ICTED B. Trends Korea is the only country where the United States meets the USSR alone, without the association of other powers. The 38th parallel, conceived as a temp- orary administrative line to be used in disarming the Japanese, has become a fixed barrier which restrains Korea's economic life. Serious problems revolving around this unnatural boundary,:together with the country's critical position in relation to Japan, China, and the USSR, have greatly increased. interest in the maps of Korea. This interest may continue for several years. Intensified American interest in maps of Korea is mirrored by recent Army Map Service activities. A revised edition of (123) Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551, was recently completed and the Army Map Service now has plans for extending the coverage of (lli+) Korea, 1:50,000, AMS L751, to include northern Korea. Sheets covering coastal areas will be prepared first and all or part of this set will be redrafted and printed in color. The existence of the 38th parallel as a boundary between separate occupa- tion zones is already reflected in the available map coverage. If this arbitrary division of the country continues, there will probably be increasingly greater differences in the relative completeness and reliability of the coverage available for North and South Korea. The early development of a Korean mapping program can greatly facilitate the orderly rehabilitation of the country. Many special problems such as the appraisal of Japanese assets in Korea, the use of reparations, land reform, and economic ad- JustmBnt when the 38th parallel is eliminated as a trade barrier, will require maps to illustrate their complexities. Approved For Release 1999/09/0T67CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED As noted previously, the American Military Government plan for South Korea calls for the establishment of various governmental agencies which will prepare maps essential to their functions. To date, the work accomplished by these agen- cies has not been extensive. In the last fifty years, Koreans have had little or no hand in the mapping of their country. The development of an effective mapping program, to be carried on at all levels by Koreans, will require many years. The future of such a program will be shaped largely by circumstances surrounding the termination of military occupation. RESTRICTED -68- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001ilSTRICTED PART TWO ANNOTATED LIST OF MAPS, ATLASES, AND OTHER MATERIALS The maps cited previously under the various subject headings in Part One are described more fully in this section. Data on publishers, publication dates, availability, and reproduction possibilities are included. (1) Korea Roads and Railroads, 1:2,000,000, 28 Feb. 1945, Office of Strategic Services, CIA. 633 relief, CIA 6171 without relief). This is a useful small-scale, transportation map covering all of Korea. Although it is based on data collected during the war, it still provides a reasonably reliable picture of Korea's main transportation network. The map is printed on a sheet measuring 13" x 24" and is suitable for desk use. On the relief edition, CIA 6336, relief is shown with plastic shading in light green. This is omitted on the plain edition, CIA 6171. Roads (primary, other selected roads) are located and four classes of railroads are shown. Areas containing numerous railroad. tunnels are identified with shading; symbols locate four types of railroad facilities (major repair shop, minor repair shop, roundhouse or.engine shed, principal freight yard). Names of railway lines are given in a table and keyed to letters and numbers which appear alongside the railroads on the map. Navigable streams and principal ports are identified by symbol. Copies are available in quantity in the Map Branch, CIA. (2) Korea, Special Strategic Map, 1:2,000,000, U.S. Army Map Service, AMS 5207, First Edition (AMS 2), Revised 1944. This map covers all of Korea and part of Manchuria. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : - A-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Principal relief features are clearly hachured. Spot heights are in meters. Two classes of roads are shown in red. The legend identifies double track, single track, and electrified railway lines. Four classes of towns and cities are given. Copies are available in quantity in the Map Library, Army Map Service. (3) Korea Chosen), 1:1,200,000, 5 January 1945, Office of Strategic Services (CIA 3225). This is a general map covering all of Korea. Cultural data are emphasized; physical information is limited to a portrayal of hydrography. The map gives a good picture of the distribution of settlements. It also locates many secondary roads not shown with equal clarity on other single sheet maps covering the whole country. Three classes of settlements are located. Although all of the larger towns are named, many villages are shown only by symbol. Distinctive red, lines locate two types of roads. Province boundaries are shown on the main map; province names (with variaxits) are given in an inset. Copies are available in quantity in the Map Branch, CIA. (4) Japan and Eastern Asia, 1:7,500,000, 28 June, 1945, Office of Strategic ' Services (CIA 59+0 . This is a useful desk-size map suitable for plotting trade routes and other types of information. It illustrates the position of Korea in relation to nearby Asiatic countries. Korea and Japan are centered. Manchuria, eastern China, and portions of the USSR are also shown. Five classes of towns and cities are located. International boundaries and selected transportation features are shown. Copies are available in quantity in the May Branch, CIA. (5) Japan Road Map, 1:1,000,000, Aug. 1945, United States Army Map Service AMS L302). This useful transportation set covering Japan and adjacent areas was pre RESTRICT proved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 70- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001R sTRIC ED pared on the modified polyconic projection of the international map of the world. Sheet No. 4+, Korea, covers the entire. country except a very small zone in the northeast. The following descriptive remarks apply only to sheet No. 4. Although the transportation data were collected during the war, this map still provides a fairly reliable picture of the country's transportation system. Road alignment is correct but the classification-of roads must not be though], of in terms of United States road standards. The sheet is a.well-rounded general map of Korea. In addition to its transportation data, it provides a vivid picture of relief and hydrography. The plastic shading of relief has been copied from a base prepared by the U.S.-Geologi- cal Survey /see (27) Korea, 1:1,000,0007. Numerous spot heights are given in meters.. Three. classes of railroads (L+'82" gauge, narrow gauge, reported under con- struction) and. three types of roads (principal motor roads, other roads, trails) are identified. Ferries and some bridges are. located but tunnels are not shown. Symbols and various. type styles are used to identify four classes of towns and Copies are available in quantity from the Army Map Service. (6) Korea (Summary) Terrain Intelligence, Strategic Engineering Study #149, pre- pared by the Geological Survey, Department of the Interior under direction of Chief of Engineers, published by Military Intelligen,.-e Division, Office, .Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, May 1945. This 85 page special report summarizes terrain data pertinent to military operations. It includes text, tables, diagrams, photographs, and many useful maps; the most noteworthy are described in detail below. Each map covers all of Korea. In most cases the background data (contours, roads, railroads, towns, and place names) are taken from sheets NI-52, NJ-51, NJ-52, NK?51, and NK-52 of (32) Eastern Asia, 1:1,000,000. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 :704A-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Cross-Country Trafficability, 1:1,000,000, page 29. Classifies soil types and rates main types (for each month of the year) according to capacity for carrying vehicular and pedestrian traffic. + Reliability is fair. Trafficability data are presented on a fairly complete background of physical and cultural data. Rivers, 1:1,000,000, page 32. Presents detailed data on navigability and crossings (road bridges, railroad bridges, ferries, fords) on a fairly complete background of physi- cal (contours, spot heights) and cultural (towns, roads, railroads) data. Reliability is good. Water Supply: General Features, 1:1,000,000, page 48. Classifies Korea's terrain according to water supply conditions; back- ground of physical and cultural data is quite complete. Reliability is good. Water Supply: Municipal Systems and Sewage Disposal, 1:1,500,000, page 50. This map is keyed to the text on adjoining pages where details on indi- vidual city water supply and sewage systems are given along with reliability estimates of the data pertaining to each town. Suitability for Airfields, 1:1,000,000, after page 54. Suitability of areas for airfield construction is shown with six colors keyed to a detailed legend. In addition to a general evaluation of each classification, the legend provides data on construction materials, found- ation anct subgrade, clearing and grading, accessibility, topography, and approaches. Various symbols identify existing airfields and indicate run- way lengths, types of aircraft that can be handled, etc. Airfield data are presented on a fairly complete background of physical (contours, spot RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01-2CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED heights) and cultural (towns, roads, railroads) information. Reliability is good. Road Construction and Maintenance, 1:1,000,000, page 62. .Classifies Korea's :Land surface according to the prevalence of condi- tions that favor or retard road construction and maintenance,: Road con- struction data are presented on a fairly complete background of physical and cultural information. Reliability is fair. Soils: Engineering Properties, 1:1,000,000, page 66. Provides a fairly detailed classification of Korea's soils. The map is keyed to adjoining tables which include soil profiles and a wealth of detail on permeability, drainage, value as a source of aggregate, resis- tance to frost injury, etc. Reliability is fair; background physical and cultural data are quite complete. Sources of Construction Materials, 1:1,000,000, page 71. Locates.wide areas where sand, gravel, and quarriable rock are avail- able. Also pinpoints placer sites, mine dumps, cement plants, limestone quarries, and granite quarries. Reliability ranges from good to excellent: background ?physical and cultural data are quite complete. Geology, 1:1,000,000, page 71. Uses color or shade variations to locate fourteen major rock types which are named and identified in relation to the geological time scale. Several pages of interpretive text follow the map. Reliability ranges from good to excellent.; background physical and cultural data are quite complete. For American users, availability and English text will make this map more useful than the Japanese original--(130) General Geological Map of RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : L9 4-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Chosen (Korea), 1:1,000,000 -- on which it is based. Coal, 1:2,000,000, page 80. Locates coal deposits. Anthracite and lignite deposits are differ- entiated but producing and potentially productive areas are not. Coal in-' formation is overprinted on (2) Korea, Special Strategic Map, which provides a generalized background of physical and cultural data. Vegetation, 1:1,000,000, page 83. Apparently the best available single-sheet vegetation map of Korea. The country's vegetation is divided into six main types (two categories for crops, four for natural vegetation); the distribution of-each is shown. Reliability is fair; background physical and cultural data are quite com- plete. Strategic Engineering Study No. 149. is available in Reference, Department of State and in numerous other Government libraries. (7) Railroads of Korea, 1:2,500,000, 194)+-?, no authority for data, reproduced by U.S. 955 Engineer Topographic Company, Aviation. This is a useful, three. color, railroad map covering all of Korea. It is one of the few English text maps of Korea devoted solely to the presentation of railroad data. Four classes of government railroads and three classes of private railroads are identified. Precise gauge figures are given for each line. Railroads under construction are specially marked. Single and double track railroads are distinguished. Important bridges, repair shops, classification yards and other features are noted with conspicuous red symbols. An inset shows province boundaries. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 -74- Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA-RDP79,-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED A reference copy of this map is available in the Map Library, Army Map Service. Call number: 53L 1-23.5-90125-1500. Black and white copies of limited usefulness can be made. (8) Dal Nippon Fu- Ken-Betsu Chizu Narabi Chimei Daikan (Atlas of Japan, Maps of Cities and Prefectures with Gazetteer), 1937-? , compiled by the Japanese Geographical Association (?), Osaka. Reprinted, 1943, by Division of Naval Intelligence, Far Eastern Theatre, under romanized title: "Atlas of Japan", (Japanese text). In this atlas, Japan proper is emphasized but Korea and other parts of the former Japanese Empire are also shown. Pages 345-92 deal with Korea. The main feature of the atlas is a systematic breakdown of civil divisions for each province. Name lists for kun (countries), do (islands), pu (municipalities), a (towns), and myon (townships), are given. The boundaries of provinces and kun are shown on a general map of Korea, scale 1:1,400,000, page 350. The map also provides information on the division of Korea into military districts. Unfortunately, on the photo-offset reproduction, prepared by the Division of Naval Intelligence, the names and boundary data are not very clear and only a small part of the information can be considered usable. In addition to the map noted above, the atlas includes a general map of Manchuria and Korea, 1:2,900,000; a transportation map of Korea, 1:8,000,000; and a transportation map of Korea, 1:2,000,000. Of these, the Korea transportation map (entirely legible) is by far the most useful. It gives road, railroad, and sea route distances between all major towns and 'cities. Post and telegraph offices are located and one major air route is shown. Other cultural features such as mines, temples, and shrines are identified by symbol. A reference copy of this atlas (photo-offset reproduction) is available in the Map Branch, CIA, and in numerous other Washington libraries. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 :, IA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED (9) Shin Nippon Zucho (New Atlas of Japan); compiled by Fujita, Motoharu; Toko Publishing house, Tokyo, 1935, reprinted by U.S. Army Map Service under roman- ized title: "New Atlas of Japan" (Japanese text). This is a carefully compiled atlas covering Japan and adjacent areas. The main Korea map is scaled at 1:2,000,000. Korea is also shown on several smaller- scale specialty maps (geology, political divisions, climate) covering all of the former Japanese Empire. The maps themselves are not impressive but the atlas is outstanding because of its valuable 218 page gazetteer in which place names in Korea ( Sino-Korean characters) are indexed along with those of Japan. Japanese pronunciation is in- dicated and each gazetteer entry includes number and grid references to the accompanying maps. This gazetteer is highly regarded by the U.S. Board of Geo.- graphic Names as a source for Japanese readings on place names in Korea. Because of its value as a place name source, the atlas was reproduced by the Army Map Service in 19)+3. In these monochrome, photo-offset reproductions, the gazetteer is remarkably legible but the Japanese characters and other data appearing on the maps are not very clear. Distribution copies (photo-offset reproductions) of this atlas are avail- able in the Map Library, Army Map Service. Reference copies (reproductions) are .to be found in the Map Branch, CIA, and in many other Washington libraries. (10) Atlas of Japan, 3rd Revised Edition, 10 Nov. 1938; compiled by Tanaka, Keiji, Meguro Shoten, Tokyo (Japanese text). This is a small, though carefully prepared, atlas. Japan proper is em- phasized but some of the maps (population, transportation, geology, climate) cover all of the former Japanese Empire. The atlas contains several maps devoted solely to Korea. These are found between pages 35 and 38. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 -76- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001 ASTRICtED The group includes one city plan, six regional maps, two general maps, two climate maps, one transportation map, one population map, and one soil map. Many of these are on small scales and although it is convenient to. have them together in one book, only two offer data on Korea not covered better elsewhere. These are: Page 44 (population), 1:10,000,000, which provides two separate portray- als of the distribution of population in the Japanese Empire; (A) On a dot dis- tribution map. (B) With colors graded in proportion to population density on a map locating to (province) and kun (county) boundaries. Page 37 (soils), 1:4,000,000, which shows the distribution of three maih soil types on a base including province boundaries, hydrography, and main cities. The.atlas includes a brief gazetteer in which place names. in Korea (Sino- Korean. characters) are indexed along with those of.Japan. Japanese pronunciation is indicated and each gazetteer entry includes number and grid references to the accompanying map. A reference copy of this atlas is available in the Map Branch, CIA. No usable black and white copies can be made. (11) New Map Collection 7, revised edition, 23 Dec. 1940; compiled by Moriya, Michio; Imperial Book Co., Ltd., Tokyo (Japanese text). This is a small, but carefully drafted, atlas of the former Japanese empire. Japan proper is emphasized but the atlas also contains several maps pertinent to Korea. The best of these are found between pages 59 and 64. This group includes six city plans and city vicinity maps (scales 1:65,000 to 1:500,000), two geological maps, one general map (1:3,000,000), three climate maps, one population map, a plastic relief sketch, one map combining soils and fishing data, and two trade maps. RESTIRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 :rIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICT ED Many of these maps are on scales as small as 1:25,000,000 and 1:35,000,000. It is convenient to have the group together in one'book but only three offer infor- mation that is not covered better on other maps. These are: Map 2, page 62, 1:6,000,000, which, in addition to its information on soils, gives considerable data on offshore fishing (fishing areas, types of fish, volume of catch). Map 1, page 63, 1:10,000,000, which indicates commodities imported and ex- ported at main Korean ports. Map 2, page 63, 1:35,000,000, which is a very small-scale sketch illustra- ting the pre-war volume of traffic and main trade routes between Korean and Japanese ports. The atlas includes a brief gazetteer in which place names in Korea (Sino- Korean characters) are indexed along with those of Japan. Japanese pronunciation is indicated and each gazetteer entry includes number and grid references to the ac- companying maps. (12) Kleiner Atlas von Japan, 1939, Deutsche Gesellachaft fur Natur-und Volker- kunde Ostasiens, Otto Harrassowite, Leipzig, (Germs. ,ext). This small atlas is similiar in scope to (10) Atlas of Japan, and (11) New Map Collection,'although the maps are not as finely drafted. Japan proper is emphasized but the atlas also includes maps pertinent to Korea. The best of these are noted in the following tabulation. Asterisks indicate maps offering data not covered or not so effectively covered by other available materials. "Rpdr." after a subject designation indicates that the map will yield black and white copies of limited usefulness. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/017$CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-ROP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Page 26 28 *29 *29 *30. Subject or type of map general.map (rpdr.) temperature and rainfall mulberry trees (rpdr.) A sketchy distribution dot map. horses and cattle (rpdr.) rice cultivation (rpdr.) land use and economy, including fishing Locates boundaries of main seri- culture districts. The data on land use and fishing are covered better on other maps. population (rpdr.) value of mineral products Shows mineral values in Japanese yen with distinctive coloring applied to provinces; facilitates comparison with similar data for Japan. Indicates main minerals exploited in specific areas. 31+ transportation (rpdr. ) *35 volume of traffic on land and sea routes (rpdr.) A simple sketch on which the thickness of lines portraying routes is proportional to the volume of traffic. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/017.gCIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED The general map is scaled at 1:3,000,000; all others are at 1:10,000,000 or smaller. The atlas contains a two thousand entry gazetteer in which place names in Korea (romanized) are indexed along with those of Japan and other parts of the for- mer Japanese Empire. Locations are indicated with page and grid references to the maps. A reference copy of this atlas is available in the Map Branch, CIA. (13) Climatic Atlas of Japan and her Neighbouring Countries, (1928-?), Central Meteorological Observatory, Tokyo (text in English and Japanese). This comprehensive atlas includes over one hundred and fifty maps covering Japan, Korea, Formosa and parts of Manchuria. The volume summarizes the climate records of Japan and adjacent areas for the thirty years 1897 to 1926. It is an important source for climatic data on northeastern Asia. The maps are at various scales; some as large as 1:6,500,000 and others as small as 1:1+,000,000. The introductory pages include a list of weather stations, names romanized and in Japanese. characters. Coordinates and altitude figures are given for each station and all stations mentioned in the text are located on a key map. The explanatory text provides information on the so-.:-ce of the data, years of observation, instruments used, etc. The following are covered by maps: a. Isotherms. b. Atmospheric pressure and direction of winds. c. Mean monthly wind velocity. d. Vapor tension. e. Relative humidity. f. Cloud cover. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/0g0:-CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED g. Number of clear days. h. 'aNumber of cloudy days. i. Sunshine duration. ,j. First and last hoarfrost dates. k. Days free from hoarfrost. 1. Dates of first snowfall. m. Dates of last snowfall. n. Days without snowfall. o. Dates of the first freezing of water. p. Evaporation. q. Mean monthly rainfall. r. Number of days with rain. For most of the topics noted above the atlas provides a series of twelve maps, one for each month, and several additional summary maps showing average con- ditions. A statistical table at the end of the atlas presents a tabulation for one hundred and twelve rainfall stations in Korea. This list gives the date the station was established, average rainfall for each month, average annual rainfall, maximum daily amount of rainfall, and the average number of days with precipitation. A reference copy of this atlas is available in the Map Branch, CIA. Usable black and white copies can be made of most of the maps. (14) Geological Atlas of Chosen, main maps 1:50,000, c. 192+-35, Geological Survey, Government-General of Chosen. This atlas is the principal source for detailed geological information on Korea. Until about.1937 it was being published progressively in numbered port- folios. Each portfolio includes interpretive text and two or more 1:50,000 geo- logical sheets following the sheet pattern of the 1:50,000 topographical map aE RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/0181CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RD.P79-00976A000100070001-1 I 1 Approved ftt +i1*9%95O9gOQ tM~~d l00670 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Korea Lsee (113) Korea, 1:50,00. Contours and cultural data have been copied from the topographical map with little change and geological information has been printed in color on this base. Each sheet carries a logically arranged legend identifying the geological formations in both English and Japanese. "Known" and "probable" geological boundaries are distinctively marked as are known and probable fault lines. Strike and dip is in- dicated and plant fossil localities are identified. When appropriate, symbol iden- tification is provided for mines, quarries, and clay pits. In many of the portfolios the interpretive text is in Japanese with a brief accompanying abstract in English. However, some issues have complete texts in both English and Japanese. Texts are illustrated with helpful sketch maps, profiles, diagrams, and photographs. Reference copies of about 50 sheets are available in the Map library, Army Map Service (call No.: S11#-GSC-50) and in the Library, U.S. Geological Survey. (15) Guide to Geographical Names in Korea (Chosen), July 1945, Special Publication No. 51, U.S. Board on Geographical Names, Department of the Interior. This useful 197 page work presents a detailed system of directions for the treatment of geographical names in Korea. It includes evaluation of maps and other materials as place name sources, a glossary, a bibliography, a list of the Board's decisions on Korean names, a section on language and orthography, and other per- tinent data. Distribution copies can be obtained through the U.S. Board on Geographic Names, Department of the Interior. Reference copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA and in other Washington libraries. Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA--%DP79-00976A00010007000'R TRICT a Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED (16) Korea, Japanese in Cities over 10,000, 1:4,000,000, 23 February 1945, Office of Strategic Services. (CIA 6128). This simple distribution map covering all of Korea shows the distribution of Japanese prior to their repatriation, 19+5-1f6. Province boundaries are located and main towns are shown. A circle, printed near each city is proportional in size to the number of Japanese residing in'the city as of 1937-39. Percentage figures printed near the circles indicate the pro- :portion of Japanese in each city's total population. On an inset titled "Total Japanese in Korea by Provinces," circles printed in each province are proportional in size to the province's total population. Di- visions of the circles (colored red) represent the pre-191+5 Japanese minority. Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (17) Percentage of Native Koreans who Understand and Speak Japanese, 1:3,700,000, 1943, U.S. War Department. This simple sketch map covering all of Korea shows the distribution of Koreans who speak and understand Japanese. Distinctive shadings, keyed to ,a legend, give percentage figures. The map appeared as figure 8 in Survey of Korea, published by the U.S. War Department, 19113. Usable black and white copies can be made. A limited number of distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (18) Gross Reproduction Rates 1930 Japan, Korea, Formosa, 1:11+,000,000, data from Office of Population Research, Princeton University; appears in The Far Eastern Quarterly, p. 303, Vol. V, No. 3, May 1946, Columbia University Press, New York. This is a small-scale sketch map covering Japan, Korea, and Formosa. The gross reproduction rate throughout Korea is shown with distinctive shad- ing keyed to legend giving percentage figures. REsTRIAjqp roved For Release 1999/0t.61 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA-RDP79-00976A00010007000 E 3TRICTt Copies of the periodical in which this map appears are available from the publisher. Reference copies are available in the Main Reading Room, Library of Congress and in other libraries. Usable black and white copies can be made. (19) Percent of Population Change, 1:10,000,000, data from Office of Population Research, Princeton University; appears in The Far Eastern Quarterly, p.305, .Vol. V, No.3, May 1946, Columbia University Press, New York. This is a. small-scale population map covering all of Korea. Although it is sketchy and has incorrect coordinates the map effectively illustrates trends in population change. The relative darkness of the distinctive shading used on the map is propor- tional to the percentage of population increase 1935-41. Percentage figures for each of the six shades are given in the legend. -Copies of the periodical in which this map appears are available from the publisher. Reference copies are available in the Main Reading Room, Library of Congress and in other libraries. Usable black and white copies can be made. (20) Gazetteer to Maps of Korea, Sept. 1945, U.S. Army Map Service. This gazetteer, despite certain inadequacies, is the most important location al guide for Korea. The volume contains about 18,000 names arranged in a single alphabetical sequence. The names are romanized in accordance with the McCune- Reischauer system approved by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. The names in the gazetteer were taken from the first edition (AMS 1) sheets of (123) Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551, which, in turn, derived most of its names from (192) Korea , 1:200,000. At the time.the gazetteer was prepared there were several 1:200,000 sheets available only as photo copies and on some of these the, ideographs were not always legible. Thus, some of the names on the first edition (AMS 1) sheets of RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : Cis DP79-00976A00010007000 - ,proved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRIC (123) Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551 and in the gazetteer are not reliable. The second edition (AMS 2) of (123) Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551, which derives most of its names from (113) Korea , 1:50,000, contains a much more complete selection of place: names than was presented on the first edition. Where there is disagreement between the gazetteer and the AMS 2 sheets, the names on the map should be considered more reliable. In the gazetteer, location is indicated with geographical coordinates correct to the nearest minute and grid references to the sheets of (123) Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551. In the extreme northeast, two sheets from (195) Manchuria, 1:500,000, AMS L401, were used for a small area not covered by 1:250,000 sheets at the time the gazetteer was prepared. In addition to the grid references and geographical coordinates, the gazet- teer identifies. the type of features and indicates the province in which it is lo- cated. Gazetteer entries are listed in strict alphabetical order without regard for breaks or the number of separate words making up a name. No distinction has been made among the Korean, Japanese,- Chinese, and Russian languages, all of which. are involved in the gazetteer. A glossaxy of foreign generic terms appears on page iv of the introductory section. Copies of this volume are available in quantity through the Map Library, Army Map Service. (21) Place Name Index. for Korea (Chosen), 1943, 2nd edition, U.S. Army Map Service. This index is unique in providing romanizations for both Japanese and Korean names along with Sino-Korean characters and Korean alphabet (onmun) spellings. -86- RESTRIC --- pproved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED The names are keyed to an attached map, scale 1:1,500,000, which has only romanized.Japanese readings. The Korean names.are generally good, but the Japanese. readings are not dependable and the scale of the map limited the number of names in- eluded. Reference copies of this work are available in the Map Branch, CIA and in numerous other Washington libraries. Some distribution copies may be obtainable through the Map Library, Army Map Service. (22) Map of Korea, 1:1,000,000, 1945, Korean Affairs Institute, Inc., Washington. This useful booklet includes a gazetteer of 1300 entries with romanized names (McCune-Reischauer system) keyed to a remarkably clear and legible thirteen sheet map of Korea scaled at 1:1,000,000. In addition to the.main sectional map, the volume includes a general. map showing the location of Korea in the Eastern Hemisphere, a map of the provinces, a physiographic diagram, and an economic map. Reference copies of this work are available in the Map Branch, CIA and numer- ous other libraries. Usable black and. white copies can be made. (23) Ma of Japan and Adjacent Regions, 1:2,000,000, 1937, Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai The Society for International Cultural Relations), Tokyo. This is an excellent general map covering Korea, Japan, Manchuria, and east- ern China. Although the names are not large enough to be read at a distance, it still makes a useful wall map for illustrating Korea's situation in relation to nearby areas. Relief is portrayed with shades of brown and green and many cultural features such as railroads, airlines, radio stations, lighthouses, mines, submarine cables, Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RP.P79-00976A0001000700013TRICTED Approved. For Release 1999/09/01: CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED and sea routes, are shown. The classification of towns and cities in the Japanese Empire is based on figures for 1935-37. The map is accompanied by a useful index in which romanized Korean place names (Hepburn system) are listed along with the place names of Japan in a single alphabetical sequence. Japanese characters are also given. Locations are indicated with grid references to the map. Korean place names are found in index #1 titled "Japan". Names in eastern China and Manchuria are in index #2 titled "Manchukuo and the Eastern Part of China." Reference copies of this map and the accompanying index are available in the Map Branch, CIA and in numerous other libraries. (24+) Sailing Directions for Siberia and Chosen, H. 0. no. 122, 1932, United States Navy Department, Hydrographic Office. This volume provides complete sailing directions covering the coasts of Korea and offshore islands. Navigational information is presented in a logically arrang- ed sequence beginning at the Korea-USSR border and extending around the peninsula to the mouth of the Yalu River. The sailing directions are useful in interpreting hydrographic charts and other maps covering Korea's coastal areas. In addition to the detailed navigational information, including data on weather, sea depths, distances, anchorages, etc., useful descriptions of ports, landing places, islands, points, and other coastal features are presented. Chapters VII and VIII deal with Korea. The sailing directions include an alphabetical index of about 5,000 entries presenting romanized names from various sources. Names of places in Korea are in- dexed in the same sequence along with names from other areas. Locations are in- dicated with page references to the text where coordinates are given along with descriptive information and references to hydrographic charts. RESTRIcApp roved For Release 1999tgP/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED These sailing directions and the U.S. Hydrographic Office charts to which they are closely related, /-See (200) U.S. Hydrographic Charts7,, are useful loca- tional'aids and have considerable value as sources for alternate or variant names. However, the romanization, which includes some Korean and some Japanese readings, is unsystematic and there are inconsistencies between the charts and the sailing directions, especially for the east coast. Distribution copies of this volume are available at the.U.S. Hydrographic Office. Reference copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA and in numerous other libraries. (25) /Korea, 1:1,000,000, 1945, Joint Publishing Board. This 28" x 46" single sheet map, on the modified polyconic projection of the International Map of the World, appears to be the best available plotting map covering all of Korea. The map was prepared for use in preliminary work on the joint Army and Navy intelligence study on Korea (JANIS 75, April 1945). Like map (6) Areas Suitable for Bomber Airfields, 1:1,000,000, it is essentially a reproduction of (32) Eastern Asia, 1:1,000,000, AMS 5301. In reprinting the map in one color (light blue), contours, roads, air navi- gation data, sea depths, and isogonic information were omitted. The name.pattern, boundaries (province, international), railroads, hydrography, and spot heights were retained. Province names, with variants, were added. The map has full coordinates and linear scales in miles, kilometers, and nautical miles. Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (26) OSS Theater Map, 1:1,500,000, 1942, Office of Strategic Services. This map provides complete coverage of the Eastern Hemisphere. Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001 RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED It was designed primarily as an outline base map and prepared in such a way that any number of sheets may be joined to form a theater area of any size. The map is suitable for plotting and the sheets can be assembled to serve as a wall map where coverage for Korea and adjacent areas is desired. However, the type sizes used for place names are not sufficiently large to permit reading at any great distance. The sheets noted below cover Korea: OSS No. Name Index Reference Number 1596 DAIREN 16E N.E. 1597 OSAKA 17E N.E. 1614 MUKDEN 16F N . E . - 1615 VLADIVOSTOK 17F N.E. This series was prepared on Lambert's conformal conic projection. Distance markers, in units of fifty statute miles, appear along a central meridian and a central parallel on each sheet. Relief is shown with numbered, dot-line contours at varied intervals. Hydro- graphy is portrayed in considerable detail but the cultural pattern (railroads, four classes of towns and cities, two classes of roads) is highly selected and is superimposed on the physical base to serve as a guide for the plotting of other data. The worldwide coverage of this series is clearly illustrated on an excellent index map (CIA 2920) which also bears the title "OSS Theater Map". Copies of the index map, the sheets covering Korea, and nearly all other sheets of the series, are available in quantity in the Map Branch, CIA. RESTRI pproved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED (27) Korea, 1:1,000,000, Dec. 1944, U.S. Geological Survey, under direction of Aeronautical Chart Service, Army Air Forces, for Assistant Chief of .Air Staff Intelligence. This appears to be the best available single-sheet map showing Korean re- lief and drainage. It covers the entire country, except for a small area in the extreme northeast. Cultural information and place names are subordinated to the elevation data and hydrography. The map is suitable'for plotting information related to relief. The quite complete drainage pattern is portrayed in blue, while cultural information (railroads, two classes of roads, main towns) is presented in black. Relief is. shown with bright plastic shading and spot heights in feet are given. Although the map lacks a legend, this is no serious drawback for the significance -of the symbols is generally obvious. This map has been prepared on the modified polyconic projection of the international map of the world. It has full coordinates. The marginal informa- tion includes a brief glossary of generic terms and linear scales in both miles and kilometers. Copies are available in quantity through Headquarters, Aeronautical Chart Service, U.S. Air Forces. A limited number of distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. ?(28) Sur luses and Deficits of Stale Food Production, 1:3,800,000, 28 Feb. I15, Office of Strategic Services (CIA 615 . This is a rather complicated quantitative distribution map covering all of Korea. It brings out certain relationships between areas with adequate and inadequate food supplies. Province boundaries are located and for each province "per capita caloric equivalent of'all staple foods in terms of pounds of rice per annum" is shown Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976AO0010007000 RICTm Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED with the application of four grades of distinctive shading keyed to surplus and deficit figures given in the legend. Surplus or deficit figures appear in circles printed in or near each pro- vince. The size of each circle is proportional to a province's "aggregate caloric equivalent of all staple foods in terms of 1,000,000 pounds of rice per annum". The data are based on combined averages (1933, 1934, 1936) of all staple foods available for consumption. Notes appearing on the map provide a detailed explanation of the statistical bases for the food surplus and deficit information. Special boundaries delimit economic regions. Code letters identify areas where certain main food crops such as rice, wheat, soybeans, etc., are produced. The map appears in JANIS 75. Copies are available in quantity in the Map Branch, CIA. (29) Telecommunications, 1:2,000,000, 28 February 1945, Office of Strategic Services (CIA 6169). This is a useful, single .sheet, telecommunications map covering all of Korea. Although based on data assembled during the war, the map still presents a reasonably reliable generalized picture of Korea's telecommunications network. Radio stations are located by symbol. Power of the stations is indicated in watts. Call letters are given, if known. Radio telegraph installations, radio telephone stations, radio direction finders, and a few unidentified radio instal- lations are shown. Telephone and telegraph lines are located but there is no way of determin- ing whether a particular line is a telegraph or telephone line. Submarine tele- phone cables and submarine telegraph cables are located with distinctive symbols. Symbols also identify telephone repeater stations and telegraph or telephone offices. The data on repeater stations are incomplete. A special dotted line RESTRZ roved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 -92- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED shows "unconfirmed connecting routes to known telegraph and/or telephone land lines:' The approximate route of-the Tokyo to Mukden buried cable, crossing Korea from Pusan to Sinuiju, is specially marked but telephone and telegraph lines paralleling this cable route are not shown. In addition to its information on electronic communications, the map presents international and provincial boundaries the hydrography pattern, and a fair selection of place names. No transportation data are given. To read the text the map must be held with East rather than North at. the top of the sheet. Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. The map appears in JANIS 7. (30) Korea Vegetation Regions, 1:4,200,000, 1943, U.S..War Department, Fig. 3 in "Survey of Korea". This simple outline map covering all of Korea shows the drainage pattern and locates boundaries for ten main vegetation regions which are described in a marginal table. The marginal explanations emphasize natural vegetation-(main tree types are named) but some data on agriculture are included. Principal towns are named and located but no political boundaries or trans- portation features are shown. Reference copies of this map and a limited number of distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (31) Map of Korea Missions, 1:3,000,000, 1920, The Christian Literature Society of Korea, Seoul. This map covers all of Korea using distinctive colors to illustrate the division of Korea into main mission zones. In most cases the nationality of the -''ing church is indicated. Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA-13 2P79-00976A00010007000 E TRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Marginal information includes a list of Protestant Christian churches oper- ating missions in Korea. Churches acknowledging the divisions shown on this map are specially noted. The map also shows province boundaries and the railroad net as it existed about 1920. A reference copy is available in the Map Branch, CIA. (32) Eastern Asia, 1:1,000,000, 1942-45, U.S. Army Map Service (AMS 5301). Six sheets (NI-51, NI-52, NJ-51, NJ-52, NK-51, NK-52) of this extensive- series pertain to Korea and provide complete coverage for the country. In effect these sheets amount to a useful general map presenting fairly reliable physical and cultural information at a medium scale. By bringing in adjacent sheets, the cover- age can be conveniently extended to illustrate relationships between Korea and nearby countries. This set-was prepared on the modified polyconic projection of the Interna- tional Map of the World and the sheets, covering 4?of latitude and 6?of longitude, follow the IMW sheet pattern. Each sheet has full coordinates and the margins are shaded at 5' intervals. Relief is shown with contours and layer colors (green, yellow, and orange shades). Approximate contours are dotted and depression contours are specially marked. Spot heights are given in meters as are sea depths along some coastal areas. All sheets include submarine contours. Such features as marshes, ravines, cliffs, sand, escarpments and submerged reefs are located on some sheets. Unsur- veyed streams are portrayed with dotted lines. From three to five classes of towns and cities are located. Lighthouses and mine sites are shown on nearly all sheets. On sheet NK-51 the Suiho dam on the Yalu RESTRICT pproved For Release 199 9/01 CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED river is portrayed and the probable' shoreline of the Suiho Reservior is indicated. The railroad information varies considerably from sheet to sheet but in most instances an indication is given as to whether railways are double or-single track and broad or narrow gauge. Several sheets carry notes saying railway alignment is approximate -- only two sheets show railroad tunnels. The road information is not detailed. On the two sheets covering the greater part of Korea, three classes of roads are shown in red. No data on width or surface are given. Radio transmitting stations are located on all sheets with symbols appearing near town names. Three sheets show telegraph lines. Aeronautical information includes the location of seaplane anchorages and from two to four classes of landing fields. On three sheets airfield names are indicated by underlining city names. Five of the six sheets include compass dials and isogonic information. International and provincial boundaries are located. The marginal informa- tion appearing on all sheets includes an index to boundaries, an index to adjacent sheets, a brief glossary, a meters to feet conversion table,` and linear scales in miles, kilometers, and nautical miles. The Eastern Asia series was used as a source in preparation of other maps cited in this report Le?g. (25) Korea, 1:1,000,000; (6) Areas Suitable for Bomber Airfields, l:1,000,00? Copies of all sheets are available in quantity from the Army Map Service. Reference copies and a limited number of distribution copies are available in the Map Branch,"CIA. Approved For Release 1999/09/01 CIA_DP79-00976A0001000700 'RICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED (33) Chosenese Immigration Map of Manchouko, 1:9,000,000, 1938, originally ap- peared in the Sixth Report on Progress in Manchuria published by the Scuth Manchurian Railway Company. This is a small-scale nonquantitative distribution map covering Manchuria and northern Korea. Areas of concentrated Korean settlement in Manchuria are lo- cated and additional "subsidized-settlement" zones are shown. Special symbols identify Korean farm-settlements, Man-Sen Development Com- pany farm, Man-Sen Development lands, "concentration villages", and new subsdized The map shows international boundaries, Manchurian province boundaries (circa 1938), and railroads. Within the limitations of the map's scale, the as- sortment of place names is quite complete. This cultural information aids greatly in orienting the data on Korean colonization. A reference copy is available in the Map Branch, CIA. Usable black and white copies can be made. (34) Korea, Agricultural Production and Communications, 1:4,300,000, June 1943, Department of State, Office of the Geographer, (CIA-Ge 991 E). This map covers all of Korea and part of southeastern Manchuria. It presents a good picture of land utilization in Korea by using distinctive colors to locat- areas where forest land is dominant; areas where rice and barley are cultivated; and areas where millet, wheat, and beans are produced. The approx- imate northern limit of the double crop area is shown. Airports (civil, military), seaplane anchorages, naval bases, and fortified zones are located. The boundary for Chientao province, Manchuria, is depicted. A pie graph and population figures printed nearby show how the Koreans figure in the population of this border area. RESTRIC roved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 -96- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Distribution copies of this map are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (35) Korea, Vegetation and Terrain Regions, 1:1,900,000, April 1945, Joint Intelligence Studies Publishing Board, appears in Chapter I, JANIS 75. On a base map showing relief (oblique shading), province boundaries, hydro- graphy, and, a fair selection of place names, distinctive coloring has been over- printed to locate five main vegetation types. These are: (a) Mixed Forest and.Grasslands (trees named.) (b) Broadleaf Deciduous Forests (trees named) (c) Cultivated Areas (d) Barren Areas (e) Marsh The map text is oriented with East rather than North at the top of the sheet. Boundaries for main terrain regions and subregions are shown. Each division is marked with a letter or number keyed to a marginal table giving regional names. Limited quantities of distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, No usable black and white copies can be made. (36) Korea Slloope, Terrain Regions and Routes, 1:1,900,000, April 1945, Joint Intelligence Studies Publishing Board, appears in Chapter I, JANIS 75. This useful physical map shows clearly the relationships between terrain conditions and important land routes. On a base map showing relief, province boundaries, hydrography, and a fair selection of place names, special coloring has been overprinted to indicate angle of slope. Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA -gPP79-00976A000100070001IEfTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED In the legend, the type of terrain represented by each of the three distinc- tive colors used, is describes. in considerable detail. A "slope graph" gives the angle of slope in degrees from the horizontal plane or in terms of percentage (as- suming a 45? slope to equal 100%). Selected land routes (both road and railroad) are shown and those described in the JANIS text are differentiated. Boundaries for main terrain regions and subregions are located. Each divis- i,on is marked with a letter or number keyed to a marginal table giving regional The map text is oriented with East rather than North at the top of the sheet. A reference copy of the volume in which this map appears is available in the Map Branch, CIA, and in numerous other government offices. No usable black and white copies can be made. (37) Korea, Soil Trafficability Map, 1:2,100,000, April 1945, Joint Intelligence Studies publishing Board, appears in Chapter 1, JANIS 75. This is a useful soil trafficability map covering all of Korea. International boundaries and main towns are located but no other cultural data are presented. The soils of Korea are classified into eleven groups identified on the map with distinctive shading. A detailed legend gives type, texture, drainage and trafficability under varied climatic conditions for each group. The map text is oriented with East rather than North at the top of the sheet. A reference copy of the volume is which this map appears is available in the Map Branch, CIA. Usable black and white copies can be made. (38) Korea, Relief and Terrain Regions, 1:1,900,000, April 1945, Joint Intelligence Studies Publishing Board. This is a useful physical map on which the ruggedness of the terrain is shown RESTRICA proved For Release 1999/$9/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 90- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A00010007000 -1 E:7 TRICTED D with oblique shading and the elevation is illustrated with layer colors. Unlike many small-scale relief maps, it clearly brings out the_fact that northeastern Korea, is considerably higher than the rest of the country. The map also shows province boundaries, hydrography, and a fair selection of place names. Boundaries for main terrain regions and subregions are depicted. Each divi- sion is marked with a letter or number keyed to a marginal table giving regional names. The map text is oriented with East rather than North at the top of the sheet. Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. The map appears in JANIS 75 (39) No usable black and white copies can be made. The Japanese Shipping Position for 1942, 1:23,000,000, Aug. 8, 1942, Board of Economic Warfare and Office of Strategic Services (CIA 826). This is a small-scale trade map covering all of Eastern Asia. It effectively a.1lustrates the position of Korea in Japan's wartime trade. Lines are used to illustrate the flow of Japanese seaborne commerce; their relative thickness is proportional to the volume of ,rade. The value of any given line, in terms of thousands of tons, can be determined by checking with a "scale of flowlines" appearing in the. legend. Principal commodities shipped to Japan from each port are named. Distribution copies of, this map are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (40) . Land Utilization In Japan, 1:3,700,000, 25 Sept. 1942) Board of Economic Warfare and Office of Strategic Services (CIA 819). This simplified monochrome, land utilization map covers Korea, Japan, and Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA,RDP79-00976A0001000700 E TRICTE3J Approved For Release 1999/09/01 :. CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Distinctive circular symbols are used to identify: open uncultivated land, forest, pasture, tea growing areas, mulberry cultivation, upland fields, rice paddies, and orchards. Light dotted lines locate the more important land use boundaries. A heavier line is used to show boundaries between major agricultural regions. The agricultural regions are marked with numbers keyed to a marginal table giving the regional name and the major characteristics-of the area's land use pattern. Main cities, province boundaries, and fortified zones are located. Distribution copies of this map are available in the tap Branch, CIA. (41) Water Supply and Sewerage of Korea, Strategic Engineering Study No. 155, prepared by the Engineer Research Office for the Strategic Intelligence Branch, Military Intelligence Division; Office, Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army; reproduced by Army Map Service. This useful, thirty-five page, engineering study was prepared during the war from official intelligence sources and from information collected, primarily, in New York City libraries. Most of the source materials were published or assembled prior to 1939. Seven maps are included in the study and these are noted below by page num- ber, title and scale. Brief descriptive remarks are also given. Page 4, Water Supply of Korea, 1:1,500,000 For general'use, this is the most important map in the report. It covers all of Korea using conspicuous symbols to locate cities having water supply systems. Notes keyed to the map provide a brief resume of the known facts regarding each city water system. Mineral springs are also located by symbol and an inset shows province boundaries. RESTRIC proved For Release 199J/S69/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Page 11, Plan of Chinkai Naval Base Showing Location of Service Reservoir of Water Supply, 1:27,000 A sketchy plan pinpointing a reservoir and a few additional installations. Page 21, Plan of Pusan Showing One Impounding Reservoir and the Distribu- tion Reservoir, 1:21,500 A fairly complete city plan on which three reservoirs are specially marked. Page 23, Plan of Gunzan Showing Location of Water Supply Pipe Line, 1:16,000. A reproduction of a sketchy Japanese plan. One important pipeline and one reservoir are noted. Page 27, City Plan of Heijo Showing Location of Waterworks, 1:20,000 A fairly complete city plan on which a purification plant, a conduit bridge, and one reservoir are especially marked. Page 31, City Plan of Jinsen Showing Water Distribution Reservoir, 1:19,000 A reproduction of a Japanese plan. One reservoir is noted. Page 34, City of Keijo Showing Location of City Water Reservoir East of City, 1:30,00 A reduced reproduction of a Japanese plan. One important reservoir is located. The volume also contains extensive tables providing data on public water supplies, mineral springs, and city sewerage systems. Photographs of filtering plants, reservoirs, and other water supply features are included. Reference copies of this study are available in the Map Branch, CIA, in Ref- erence, Department of State, and in other government offices. (1.2) Korea Water Supply and Sewerage Systems, 1:2,000,000, 28 Feb. 1945, Office of Strategic Services, (CIA 61427. Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-R 79-00976A0001000700014STRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTEj) This is one of the best available English text, water-supply maps covering all of Korea. The stream pattern is in blue. Symbols locate water-works (data incomplete), sewerage systems, dams and springs. Hot and cold springs are differentiated. A special boundary delimits areas where springs are concentrated. Province boundaries and a good selection of town and transportation infor- mation is presented. Distribution copies of this map are available in the Map Branch, CIA. The map appears in JANIS 75. (43) Kyongsong (Seoul, Keijo) and Inchon (Chemulpo, Jinsen) Water Supply Sketch Map, 1:47,000, 5 February 1945, Office of Strategic Services (CIA 35 3 . This is a simple sketch map covering Kyongsong (Seoul, Keijo) and environs. It locates the Kyongsong Waterworks, the distribution reservoir east of the city, and the principal water mains in the urban area. Pipe diameter in inches is given for the various water mains. Railroads in the Kyongsong area are depicted but no street or building details are shown. The Inchon (Jinsen) waterworks (18 miles from the city of Inchon) is lo- cated and pipe connections with the Kyongsong system are portrayed. Distribution copies of this map are available in the Map Branch, CIA. The map appears in JANIS 75. (44) Fusen-Choshin Power Development, 1:120,000, June 1945, compiled by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey for the Aeronautical Chart Service, U.S. Army; re- produced by. Army Map Service. This is a detailed, single sheet, topographical map covering a large portion of Hamyong-namdo province in northern Korea. The coverage is centered at 40?20'N., 127030'E. RESTRICT proved For Release 1999W9/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED The map was specially prepared to illustrate the system of power lines, power plants, dams and reservoirs of the Fusen-Changjin (Clio-shin) power development. Al- though it was carefully compiled in 1945, from the best available sources, locations in connection with the power development are approximate. The cultural data are quite complete. Province and kun boundaries are shown and a fairly complete selection of town and village names is presented. Roads (primary., secondary, trails) and railroads (4'82' gauge, single track; light rail- road.; cable railroad; aerial cableway) are located. High tension power lines, pres- sure pipelines, vertical shafts, and mines are identified by symbol. Contours, copied ;primarily from the 1:50,000 topographical map of Korea, are shown in brown at 50 meter intervals. Triangulation points and numerous spot heights in meters are given. Land utilization is indicated with shading and symbols-(blue and green) identifying woodland, grassland, and rice growing areas.. Distribution copies are available in quantity through Headquarters, Aeronau- tical Chart Service and the Map Library, Army Map Service. A limited number of distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (45) Highways in Korea, 1:3,000,000, 25 July 1942, Office of Strategic Services (CIA 744). This is a small-scale base map showing Koreats road net (three classes of roads), main towns, and province boundaries. The map measures 13" x 15" and is suitable for illustrating reports and plotting data bearing a close relation to the road pattern. Distribution copies are available from the Map Branch, CIA. Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA ~P79-00976A000100070001EtTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED (46) Korea, Major Chemical Plants, 1:3,500,000, 12 Feb. 1945, Office of Strategic Services (CIA 6176T. This useful, small-scale map covers all of Korea and shows the distribution of major chemical plants. Ten distinctive symbols are used to identify plants producing particular chemicals or plants engaged in particular types of processing. Province boundaries are located but only cities or towns having chemical industries are named. Distribution copies of this map are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (47) Korea Industrial Concentration 194+,1:4,000,000, 28 February 1945, Office of Strategic Services CIA 61 This useful map covers all of Korea and provides an effective though highly generalized picture of the distribution of industry. The degree of industrialization in each province is indicated with four grades of distinctive shading. Code letters appearing near provinces identify the political units industries. Distinctive city symbols are used to locate "Cities of some industrial, im- portance". Copies are available in quantity in the Map Branch, CIA. (48) Korea 1:3, Machinery and Railway Equipment Manufacturing Centers and Shipyards, 10 February 19 5, Office of Strategic Services This useful economic map, based primarily on 1940 data, covers all of Korea. Distinctive symbols are used to identify areas where machinery and railway equip- ment are manufactured. Only important plants are noted and, if a locality has more than one plant of a particular type, the appropriate symbol is repeated. Shipyards are located by symbols with large and small yards differentiated. RESTRIo Pproved For Release 1999~g~/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Province boundaries are shown but only cities and towns prominent in the in- dustrial picture are named. Copies are available in quantity in the Map Branch, CIA. (49) Distribution of Population in Korea, 1:2,250,000, 15 August 191+5, Office of Strategic Services (CIA X-577 This crude population map covering all of Korea is mentioned only because distribution copies are readily available. The.map was originally prepared as a dot distribution map with each dot rep- resenting 200 persons; however, on the available photo-offset reproductions, the dots have become so fused that their statistical values cannot be interpreted. As a result, the map's portrayal of population distribution is crude and somewhat deceiving. Data are of 1938. To (province) boundaries are located and province names (Japanese forms) are overprinted in such a way that they detract from the clarity of the population data. A few important cities are named. Copies are available in quantity in the Map Branch, CIA. (50) Korea, Aircraft, Motor Vehicles, and Munitions Plants, 1:3,900,000, 29 Feb. 1975, Office of Strategic Services (CIA 6112). This is a simple economic map covering all of Korea. Distinctive symbols are used to identify areas where aircraft, motor vehicles and munitions are or were produced. Only important plants are noted and if a locality has more than one plant of a particular type, the appropriated symbol is repeated. Province boundaries are shown but only towns prominent in the industrial picture are named. Copies are available in quantity in the Map Branch, CIA. -105- RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED (51) Map of Producing Mines in Korea, 1:1,000,000, Dec. 1935, Korea Mining Association, Seoul (Japanese text). This appears to be the best available mineral map covering all of Korea. Exploited minerals are identified and the distribution of mine sites is vividly sho m against a complete background of cultural information. The text is in Japanese but many key names are romanized and some of the production statistics are given in Arabic numerals. The mineral information is presented with vari-colored symbols printed near producing sites. The size of the symbols is proportional to the volume of pro- duction. Figures appearing near the symbols indicate volume or value of production. The legend provides symbols for each of the following: nickel alunite mercury barytes asbestos agalmatolite fluorite molybdenum tungsten mica magnesite silica alum shale arsenic iron sulphide amorphous graphite scaly graphite bituminous coal anthracite coal iron ore copper zinc alluvial gold gold-silver ore Marginal graphs and statistical tables indicate "value of production" and "number of mines in operation". RESZRZC proved For Release 1999/100901 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED The background cultural information is quite complete. Province and kun (gun) boundaries and capitals are located. Towns (Ii. classes), railroads (2 clas- ses), and roads (2 classes) are shown. Ports, lighthouses, and post offices are identified. The physical information includes spot heights, submarine contours, and mineral springs. Reference copies (color photo) are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (.52)' Manchuria ("Manchukuo") Number of Koreans, 1:4,500,000, August 1946, Depart- ment of State, Division of Map Intelligence and Cartography (CIA 10486). This is a fair population map covering northern Korea and all of Manchuria. It provides an effective, though highly generalized, picture of the distribution of Koreans in Manchuria. Unfortunately, no indication is given of the percentage of Koreans in the total. population. The population data are from statistics appearing in the 19+2 Manchukuo Yearbook. The information is presented graphically by marking each Manchukuoan province with distinctive shading. The five shades used represent: (less than 10,000; 10,000-50,000; 50,000-100,000; 100,000-150,000; and over 150,000.) The map shows international and Manchukuoan (Japanese) province boundaries. Railroads (2 classes) are located and main towns are named. Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (53) Minor Oil Facilities of Korea (With Related Transportation), 1:3,900,000, 26, Feb. 1945, Foreign Economic Administration CIA-FEA 1910M). This is a simple distribution map covering all of Korea. Distinctive symbols are used to locate oil storage facilities. "Bulk and packaged oil depots" and "packaged oil warehouses" are differentiated. Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA-P79-00976A000100070001TRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED .Railroads (4 classes) and roads (2 classes) are portrayed in considerable detail. Province boundaries are located. Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (54) Korea Distribution of Electric Power Plants, 1:2,000,000, 28 February 1945, Office of Strategic Services OIA 5982). This is one of the best available maps dealing with power plants in Korea. It covers the entire country and, although based on data assembled during the war, it still presents a reasonably reliable picture of the distribution of electric power plants. Power producing installations are located with symbols distinctively colored to differentiate thermoelectric from hydroelectric plants. Variations in the shape of the symbols indicate power output (1,000-9,999 kw.; 10,000-49,999 kw.; 50,000-99,999 kw.; 100,000kw. and over). More detailed data on the output of. each plant is offered by an accompanying table in which plants are named and their precise or estimated capacity in kw. is given. Numbers appearing beside plant symbols on the map are keyed to this table. Some plant locations are doubtful; this is indicated on the map with notes near the presumed sites. The text has been printed with East rather than North at the top of the Province boundaries are located and the hydrography pattern is portrayed in considerable detail. Only towns and cities near power plants are named. Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. The map appears in JANIS 75. (55) Koreans in Manchuria, 1:8,500,000, July 1945, prepared in the Department of State, Division of Geography and Cartography (CIA-Ge 1732E). RESTRICTproved For Release 1999/0J91 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 T ICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070 Two maps, both covering all of Manchuria and northern Korea, appear under one title. The first shows "Koreans by province, October 1, 1940" and the second indi- cates "Koreans in Cities over 100,000, August 31, 1941". On the first map, Manchukuoan (Japanese) province boundaries are located and a graphic circle device, proportional in size to the number of Koreans in the area, is printed in each province. A marginal table gives the number of Koreans in each province (1940-41). The second map is the same as the first except that the graphic circles and other data pertain to the populations of major cities instead of provinces. Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (56) Korea Administrative Divisions, 1:2,000,000, 3 March 1945, Office of Stra- tegic Services (CIA 6156). For general reference, where highly detailed boundary information is not needed, this map appears 'to be the best readily available English text map show- ing province, kun, and puu boundaries in Korea. It covers the whole country. Province boundaries are portrayed with a conspicuous red line and kun bound- aries are located in grey. The boundaries of pu are also in grey but these special municipalities are colored solid red. The areal extent of up class towns could not be shown on a map at this scale and such communities are located with a conventional sign. The national capital, provincial capitals, and kun seats are identified by symbol. The squares, circles, and triangles used to locate capitals have been planned so that they can be superimposed one on the other without detracting from the clarity of any individual symbol. Where a particular city is the capital of more than one administrative unit, this fact is clearly indicated in a minimum amount of space. Distribution copies of this map are available in the Map Branch, CIA. The map appears in JANIS-75. -109- RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED (57) Breakdown of the Standard Vacuum Oil Co. in Japan and Korea, various scales, 1927-38, document assembled 1-2b-42, Standard Vacuum Oil Co. This document comprises a series of detailed sketches, city plans, and diagrams covering all Standard Vacuum Oil Co. properties and installations in Japan and Korea. Sixty of the plans pertain to Korea and portray installations in nearly all major Korean cities. Precise property dimensions are given and most plans carry notes indicating whether the property was leased or owned. Preparation and revision dates are given on each map or diagram. A reference copy (negative photostat) is available in Reference, Department of State (call number : FEA 165344). Usable black and white copies can be made. (58) Weather and Climate of Tsushima Island and Surrounding Strait, Nov. 1943, Weather Information Branch, Headquarters, Army Air Forces (Report #593). This useful summary offers maps and other climatic data pertinent to all of Korea. Southeastern Korea and the Tsushima Strait area are given special attention and the suitability of weather conditions for bombing operations is emphasized. The maps appearing in the stucly can be divided into two main groups: (a) Maps covering Korea, Japan, and adjacent areas. These maps, scaled at 1:4+0,000,004 show cold air flow, warm air flow, cold fronts, warm fronts, and occluded fronts. Atmospheric pressure is given in millibars. Each map portrays typical conditions during certain seasons. The titles are as follows: Fig. 2, Winter Type -- Good Weather Fig. 3, Winter Type -- Bad Weather RESTRIC proved For Release 1999LQ9/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Fig. 5, Summer Type -- Fair Weather Fig. 8, Spring and, Autumn Type -- Variable Weather. (b) Maps covering southeastern Korea and the Tsushima Strait area. All of these maps are scaled at 1:2,300,000.. The titles, accom- panied by brief descriptions-, are as follows: Fig. 1, Map of Topography Showing Location of Stations. A simple sketch showing relief with layer shading. Six weather stations are located. Fig. 1I, Average Precipitation, Cloudiness, Ocean. Currents for January. Shows average precipitation with distinctive shading. Cloudiness is illus- trated with graphs appearing near weather stations sites. Flow of ocean currents is depicted with arrows and warm and cold currents are differentiated. Fig. 6, Average Precipitation, Cloudiness and Ocean Currents for July. Same as the map above with reference to a typical situation for July. Fig. 7, Number of Days with Precipitation. Number of days with precipitation is indicated on small graphs appearing near each weather station. The summary includes a brief discussion of weather controls, topography in re- lation to weather, sea currents, typical conditions during the various seasons, and bombing weather. Several statistical tables are presented. Distribution copies of this report are available through the Weather Infor- mation Branch, Headquarters, U.S. Air Forces. A reference copy is available in the Map Branch, CIA. Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001TRICTED -ill- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED (59) Commercial Fertilizer Plants in Korea, 1:J+,000,000, 6 May 1946, Natural Resources Section, General Headquarters, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (Fig. 1 in "Commercial Fertilizers in Korea", Report No. 33). This is a simple outline map covering all of Korea. Province boundaries are located and the distribution of commercial fertilizer plants is shown with distinctive symbols. Plants producing phosphatic, nitrogenous, and organic fertilizers are dif- ferentiated. The map does not include data on organic fertilizer plants north of the 38th parallel. Reference copies of the report in which this map appears are available in Reference, Department of State and in the Map Branch, CIA. The map will yield usable black and white reproductions. (60) Korea Mission, 1:300,000, 1930, Foreign Missions Committee, Presbyterian Church, USA, Nashville, Tenn. This map covers southwestern Korea. Distinctive symbols are used to locate various types of mission stations and other places where Christian services were held. An inset shows the division of Korea into Missionary Zones agreed upon by the Presbyterian and Methodist Churches. A reference copy is available in the Division of Maps, Library of Congress. Black and white copies of limited usefulness can be made. (61) Korea, Iron and Steel Industry, 1:3,800,000, Feb. 1945, Office of Strategic Services (CIA 6137 . This map covers all of Korea offering fairly detailed data on iron and steel producing installations and ferroalloy ore mines. Iron and steel production centers are located with symbols and the estimated 1944+ plant capacity is indicated in metric tons. Some of the plant locations are approximate. RESTRIc PProved For Release 1999/09/0.1 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 -112- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 :. CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED The legend includes inadequately interpreted data on "integration of iron and steel plants". Ferro-alloy ore mines (nickel, molybdenum, cobalt, vanadium, manganese, tungsten, chromium) are located with distinctive symbols. Symbols are also provided for iron ore mines and coke oven-plants. Province boundaries are located but only towns and cities connected with the mineral or industrial information are named. Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. The map appears in JANIS 75. (62) Korea, Coal and Petroleum, 1:3,800,000, Feb. 1945, Office of Strategic Service (CIA 611-397. This is a simple distribution map covering all of Korea. It locates coal fields, coke ovens, and petroleum processing plants. Twenty-three coalfields are located and named. Figures appearing after names indicate the number of mines in each coalfield. Coke ovens, synthetic petroleum plants, and petroleum refineries are identified only by symbol. No indication is given as to the volume of coal, coke, or petroleum produced or processed. Province boundaries are portrayed and selected towns and cities are located. The main railway net is also shown. Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. The map appears in JANIS 75. (63) Korea, Plants Producing Construction Materials, 1:3,800,000, Februaxy 1945, Office of Strategic Services CIA 6136). This distribution map covering all of Korea locates cement plants, structural steel plants, brick and tile plants, in addition to plants producing building stone and other construction materials. Approved For. Release 1999/09/01 : CIkiRDP79-00976A000100070091s1RICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Production centers are shown with distinctive symbols. If more than one plant of a particular type is located at or near a city, this is signified by re- peating the appropriate symbol. No indication is given as to the volume of building material produced. Province boundaries are located but only towns and cities connected with the industrial information are named. Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (64)' Korea Non-Ferrous Metals and Non-Metallic Minerals, 1:2,000,000, Feb. 1945, Office of Strategic Services (CIA 6110). This map covers all of Korea locating mines and refineries producing or processing non-ferrous metals and non-metallic minerals. Mines, refineries, smelters, and processing plants are located with dis- tinctive symbols in which are printed letters identifying the following metals or minerals: asbestos copper magnesium alunite fluorspar mica alumina graphite lead aluminum mercury antimony aluminous shale magnesite zinc When the location of an installation is uncertain this is indicated by printing the symbol with a dotted line. The map provides no information on the volume of production at mines and processing plants. Province boundaries are portrayed but only cities and towns connected with the mineral and metal information are named. The map test is printed with East rather than North at the top of the sheet. Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. The map appears in JANIS 75. RESTRICTApproved For Release 199919*01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED (65) Suiho Dam and Environs (Yalu River), 1:25,000, Nov. 1943, Target Research, Army Map Service (Text in Japanese and English). This map shows the probable shoreline of the lower portion of the Suiho Reservoir on the Yalu River. It was prepared by joining and enlarging various sheets of the Korea 1:50,000 series and a Manchuria set scaled at 1:100,000. On this base, the dam, the power house, the shoreline of the reservoir, and certain railroads have been interpolated. The alignment of the main railroad crossing the dam is approximate and the location of buildings and other cultural features near the dam is not entirely reliable. A limited number of distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (66) Korea: Primary Centers of Industry, Power, and Mines, 1:3,000,000, 9 October 1942, Office of Strategic Services (CIA 992). This is an effective economic map covering all of Korea. Industrial plants, electric power installations, mines, and mineral processing centers are located. The map offers data on some phases of Korea's economy that are not covered as well on other available maps. -However, it is based on data assembled during the early years of the war and presents a picture of Korea's economy which is not entirely reliable. Symbols show the distribution of the following industries: iron and steel petroleum aluminum and/or magnesium cement chemicals and munitions textile aircraft and transport 'general manufactures Dams, hydroelectric plants, thermoelectric plants, and power transmission lines are located. An indication is given as to whether dams and power plants were (as of 19+2) in operation or incomplete. Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA= gP79-00976A00010007000f TRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Mines are located with uniform symbols; letters appearing in the symbols identify the exploited mineral (e.g. gold, coal, iron, copper, alunite, magnesite, tungsten, molybdenum, zinc, nickel, and graphite). The map provides no indication as to the volume of production at the various mines and plants. Province boundaries are located and a fair selection of place names is presented. Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (67) Choshin-Fusen Hydraulic Power Plants and Konan Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant in- Korea, n.s., n.d., Map #5 in Survey of Korea, U.S. War Department, 1943. This is an oblique panorama sketch covering the main industrial installations at Hungnam (Konan). In addition to locating main plants, docks, building, etc., it provides a sketchy portrayal of the power lines running from this power producing area to other cities in northern Korea. The panorama has no true scale and the size of the Hungnam industrial area has been deliberately exaggerated. Relief is indicated with plastic shading. This view originally appeared in a Japanese publication. After an English text was added, it was reproduced (photocopy) in 1913 for inclusion in the U.S. War Department report Survey of Korea. It was also reproduced (photo-offset) for inclusion in Strategic Engineering Study #157, Electric Power of Korea, item (198) in this report. , A limited number of distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, (68) A Climatic Summary of Korea, June 194+, Aerology Section, Chief of Naval Operations. RESTRICPproved For 'Release 1999(9/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED This is a brief but highly effective climate summary covering all of Korea. It presents a picture of the country's weather and climate which is about as complete and reliable as available source information permits. The report is based primarily on the records of from 15 to 17 major Korean weather observatories. Supplementary data from a hundred or more minor weather stations have also been used. The twenty-four simple outline maps included in the study are devoted ex- .clusively to the climate and weather information indicated in their titles. Figure numbers and titles are given below along with brief descriptions. Fig. 2, Surface Wind Roses, Winter, 1:5,000,000. Locates fourteen well distributed wind diagrams which graphically illustrate the percentage of the winter season during which the wind blows from various di- rections. Figures in the centers of the wind roses indicate the percentage of calms. Fig. 3, Mean Monthly Distribution of Precipitation (inches), 1:5,000,000. Lines delimit areas having equal precipitation during January. Weather stations are located. Fig. 11, Distribution of Mean Temperature (oF), 1:5,000,000. Lines delimit areas having equal mean temperature during January. Fig. 5, (wind roses;'same as Fig. 2, for Spring) Fig. 6, (precipitation; same as Fig. 3, for April) Fig. 7, (wind roses; same as Figures 2 and 5, for Summer) Fig. g, (precipitation; same as Figures 3 and 6, for July) Fig. 9, (temperature; same as Figure 4, for August) Fig. 10, (wind roses; same as Figures 2, 5, and 7, for Autumn) AsTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 CIA-RDP79-00976A00010007000f -117- Approved For Release 1999/09101 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Fig. 11, (precipitation; same as Figures 3, 6, and 8 for October. Fig. 19; Soil Trafficability Map, 1:6,000,000. A highly generalized map; distinctive shading located four soil types. Descriptions of each type are given in the legend along with data on trafficability under varying weather conditions. Figures 26-37, Charts of Monthly Weather Conditions, 1:5,000,000. This series includes a map for each month. On each map.small boxes appearing near weather stations give average temperature in degrees Fahr- enheit, average precipitation in inches, prevailing wind direction, cloud cover, days with precipitation and average wind velocity in miles per hour. Figure 38, Station Location.Map, 1:5,000,000. Names and locates fifteen weather stations. In addition to the above noted maps, the report presents a well-organized general discussion of Korea's climate conditions in relation to air operations, various graphs, and numerous statistical tables. Distribution copies are obtainable through the Aerology Section, Chief of Naval Operations. A reference copy is available in the Map Branch, CIA. (69) Tobacco Map of Japan, 1:1,500,000, 1936, Kyodo Tobacco Co., Ltd., Tokyo (English text). This is a distribution map covering the former Japanese Empire. Korea is shown on a 1:2,500,000 inset. Cultivation zones for different varieties of tobacco are located with distinctive coloring. Numbers, superimposed in color, denote and various types to a detailed legend where the names of major varieties and sub-types are given. The map provides no information on the volume of tobacco produced. RESTRIC proved For Release 1999/09/9118_ CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA-RDP79-00976A0001000700ICTED On the Korean inset, previous boundaries are located and main towns are A reference copy of this map is available in the Map Branch, CIA. No usable black and white copies can be made. (70) Kyongsong or Seoul (Keijo), 1:12,500,000, March 1946, Army Map Service (AMS L951, 1st Edition, AMS-1 This map appears to be the best available city plan covering Koreas capital. It is in effect a detailed topographical map presenting a complete assortment of physical and cultural iiirormation,pertaining to the city and environs. Although it does not record recent changes in the function of certain buildings and installations, the map still presents a remarkably complete and reliable portrayal'of this im- portant city. The plan has been carefully compiled from the best available Japanese maps. Air photographs and intelligence reports were also used as sources. The marginal data include a diagram indicating the sources used in preparing particular sections of the map. Prominent buildings and installations are identified by name or function and precise.building outlines are shown. Residential or semi-residential areas are indicated with two shades of yellow distinguishing sparsely built-up areas from densely built-up areas. The transportation pattern is presented in considerable detail; primary roads, other roads, and trails are identified. Railroads (4'82" gauge; single track, double track) and tramways are shown. The map also presents information on the miscellaneous cultural features listed below: water supply facilities temples railroad shop and service installations shrines RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-bP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001.-1 RESTRICTED police stations cemeteries high tension power lines military installations schools prisons hospitals banks Relief is shown with contours at 10 meter intervals. Dikes and ether embankments are hachured. Precipitous slopes are specially marked and spot heights are given in meteZs.. Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main streams, wells, ponds, canals and irrigation ditches are shown. Considerable land utilization information is presented. Woodland, grass- land., rice growing areas and orchards are vividly portrayed. A unique feature of this map is its detailed (19+3) data on city adminis- trative units. Names of these zones are listed on the reverse side in an_ alphabetical index presenting both Korean and Japanese pronunciation. Grid ref- erences and key numbers identify the names on the map. The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards. Isogonic information (19-6) and a brief glossary are presented along with the previously mentioned data on compilation sources. Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service. Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (71) Pyongyang (Heijo , 1:12,500, October 1946, Army Map Service (AMS L951, 1st. ed. AMS 1). This appears to be the best available plan covering P'yongyang. It is in effect a detailed topographical map presenting a complete assortment of physical and cultural information pertaining to the city and a portion of its environs. RESTRICT= proved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 -120- _ Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED The map was compiled from Japanese maps, U.S. air photographs; and.intelli- gence reports. The marginal data include a diagram indicating the sources used in preparing particular sections. The data presented are reasonably complete and reliable. Prominent buildings and installations are identified by name or function and precise building outlines are shown. Residential and semi-residential areas are indicated with.shading. Shade variations distinguish sparsely built-up areas from densely built-up areas. The transportation pattern is presented in considerable detail. Primary roads, rural roads, city streets, and trails, are identified. Railroads (4'82" gauge; single track, double track 3'6", single track) and tramways are shown. Wood and steel bridges are distinguished. The map also provides information on the. cultural features listed below. water supply facilities post offices ratiroad service installations temples police stations shrines high tension power lines cemeteries schools military installations hospitals Relief is depicted with contours at 10 meter Intervals. Dikes and embank- ments are hachured. Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main streams, e wells, ponds, canals, and irrigation ditches are shown.. For the main river flowing through the city (the Taedong-Gang), soundings are given in fathoms. Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA1FpP79-00976A000100070001BfTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED The .lido Navy coal mine region; a few miles east of the city, is portrayed on a sketchy (1:62,500) inset. Land utilization information is quite detailed. Woodlands, grassland, and cultivated areas, are vividly shown. Rice growing fields are differentiated from other agricultural areas. The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards. Isogonic information (19+6) and a brief glossary are presented along with the previously mentioned data on compilation sources. Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service. Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (72) Heijo, Korea, 1:11,500, date of photography: 13 Dec. 194J4, Air Photo Mosaic, no publisher or authority. This is a fairly clear air photo mosaic covering the Sadong coal mines and industrial areas a few miles east of Pyongyang. Only a small part of the city proper is covered but the mosaic takes in areas that are not shown on map (71) Pyongyang (EeiJo). A reference copy is available in the Map Branch, CIA. (73) Pusan (Fusan), 1:12,500, July 1946, Army Map Service (AMS L951, 1st ed., AMSl . This appears to be the best available plan covering Pusan. It is in effect a fairly detailed topographical map presenting a complete assortment of physical and cultural information pertaining to this important port. The plan was compiled largely from air photographs and hydrographic charts. The marginal data include a diagram indicating the sources used in preparing particular sections. RESTRIC -proved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 -122- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001~ISTRICTED Most of the prominent buildings and installations are identified by name or function and precise building outlines are shown. Residential and semi-residential areas are indicated with shading. Shade variations distinguish sparsely built-up areas from densely built-up areas. The transportation pattern is presented in considerable detail. Primary roads, suburban roads, and. trails are identified. Railroads (x+'82" gauge; single track, double track; narrow gauge) and tramways are shown. The map also provides information on the cultural features listed below. water supply facilities temples railroad service installations police stations military installations schools hospitals Relief is depicted. with form lines. Dikes and embankments are hachured and spot heights are given in meters. In addition to the main streams; reservoirs, canals, and irrigation ditches are shown. Sea depths are given in fathoms. Land utilization information is fairly detailed. Woodlands, grasslands,. and rice growing areas are shown. The marginal data include linear scales in. miles, meters, and yards. Isogonic information (1.9+6) and a brief glossary are presented along with the previously mentioned data on compilation sources. A meters to feet conversion table is also presented. Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service. A limited number of distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA.1 bP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED (74) Town Plan of Pusan (Fusan), 1:27,000, 28 Feb. 1945, Office of Strategic Services (CIA 6141). This simple outline plan of Pusan is included in this analysis because it is readily available and because it is highly suitable for illustrating reports. The sheet measures 10" x 12". This small-scale plan is by no means as detailed or complete as map (73) Pusan (Fusan); however, the information presented is generally reliable. Air photos were one of the principal compilation sources. Main streets are clearly located and many of the more important installa- tions are identified by name or function. Warehouses, industrial areas and mil- itary areas are specially colored and stand out vividly. The terrain of the surrounding country is not portrayed. Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. The plan appears in JANIS 75. (75) Fusan, Korea, 1:17,000, Date of Photography; 17 Nov. 1944, no publisher or authority. This is a very clear air photo mosaic covering Pusan's harbor, docks, in- dustrial area, and a portion of the city proper. It supplements the data appearing on map (73) Pusan (Fusan) and provides a vivid picture of land utilization. A reference copy is available in the Map Branch, CIA. (76) Ch'ovn in Seishin), 1:12,500, July 1946, Army Map Service (AMS L951) 1st ed., AMS 1). This appears to be the best available plan covering Ch'ongJin. It is in effect a detailed topographical map presenting a complete assortment of physical and cultural information pertaining to the city. Although only "probable sites" are given for certain buildings and instal- lations, the map still presents a remarkably complete and effective portrayal of this important port. RESIRIC ,proved For Release 199 99/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED The plan has been compiled from some of the best available Japanese topographical maps. Hydrographic charts, air photographs, and intelligence'reports were also used as sources. The marginal data. include a diagram indicating what sources were used in preparing particular sections of the map. Many prominent buildings and installations are identified by name or function and precise building outlines are often shown. Residential and semi- residential areas are indicated with shading. Shade variations distinguish sparsely built-up areas from densely built-up areas. The transportation pattern is presented in considerable detail. Pri- mary roads, secondary roads, and. trails are identified. Railroads (4182" gauge; single track, double track; 3'6" gauge, single track) and tramways are shown. The map also provides information on the cultural features listed air fields prisons railroad service military installations installations schools hospitals police stations high tension power lines banks Relief is depicted with contours at 10 meter intervals and numerous spot heights in meters are presented. Dikes and embankments are hachured. Precipitous slopes are specially marked. Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main streams; ponds, canals, and irrigation ditches are shown. Sea depths are given in meters. The land utilization information is quite detailed. Woodland, grass- land and rice growing areas are vividly shown. The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters and yards. Isogonic information (19+6) and a brief glossary are presented along with the previously mentioned data on compilation sources. Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIAAW-79-00976A0001000700014STRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service. Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (77) Ch'ongjin (Seishin), Korea, 1:21,500, 1945-?, Office of Strategic Services CIA X-646.4). This simple outline plan of Ch'ongjin is included in this analysis because it is readily available and because it is highly suitable for illustrating reports. The sheet measures 12" x 22". This plan is by no means as detailed or complete as map (76) Chongjin (Seishin), 1:12,500; however, the main features are located accurately and a very small area not portrayed on map (76) is covered. The principal streets are clearly shown and a few important installations are identified by name or function. The railroad net, printed in red, stands out vividly. Sea depths are given in feet but relief is not indicated. Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. The map appears in JANIS 75. (78) Sketch Plan of Taegu (Taikyu), 1:17,500, Dec. 1945, Office of Strategic Services (CIA 3637. This appears to be the only readily available plan covering Taegu. Though sketchy and highly generalized, it presents a fair picture of the transportation net, the distribution of built-up areas, and the locations of major buildings. The map is printed on a small sheet (10" x 12") and it can easily be used to ,illustrate reports. Twenty-four buildings or installations are numbered and identified by name or function in the legend. Built-up sections of the city are specially shaded and rice-growing areas are indicated. Hills surrounding the urban area are RESTRIc roved For Release 1999/QlQ 91 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A00010007000IATRICTED crudely hachured. The hydrography pattern is vague and easily confused with roads. Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (79) Inch'on, 1:12,500, July 1946, Army Map Service (AMS L951, Type F, AMS 1). This appears to be the best available. plan covering Inch'on.. It is in effect a detailed topographical map presenting a complete assortment of physical and cultural information pertaining to this important port. The data presented are reasonably complete and reliable. The map was compiled from Japanese maps, air photographs, hydrographic charts,-and intelligence reports. The marginal data include a diagram indicating the sources used in preparing particular sections of the plan. Prominent buildings and installations are identified by name or function and precise building outlines are shown. Built-up areas. are shaded. The transportation pattern is presented in considerable detail. Primary and secondary roads are identified. Railroads (4'82" gauge single track, 4182 gauge double track, narrow gauge single track, narrow gauge double track) and tramways are shown. Province, kun, and myon boundaries are located. The map also provides information on the cultural features noted below: water supply facilities schools police stations post offices high tension power lines shrines salt-evaporators hospitals cemeteries Relief is depicted with approximate contours at 10 meter intervals. Dikes and embankments are hachured. 12 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Hydrography is completely represented. In addition to the main streams; ponds, canals, and ditches are shown. Sea depths are given in fathoms. Tidal mud flats are portrayed and the speed of the tidal flow in certain channels is noted. The distribution of woodlands (brushwood) and orchards is indicated. The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards. Isogonic information (19+5) an index to boundaries, and a brief glossary are presented along with the previously mentioned data on compilation sources. Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service. Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (80) Hungnam (Konan), 1:10,000, May 1945, Army Map Service (AMS L951, 1st ed. A N S 1) This appears to be the best available plan covering Hungnam. It is in effect a detailed topographical map presenting a complete assortment of fairly reliable .physical and cultural information pertaining to this important industrial city. The map was compiled from Japanese maps, air photographs, hydrographic charts and intelligence reports. The marginal data include a diagram indicating the sources used in preparing particular sections of the plan. Prominent city buildings and installations of the Chosen Nitrogen Fertilizer Company are identified by function. Precise building and plant outlines are shown. Residential and semi-residential areas are indicated with shading) shade variations distinguish sparsely built-up areas. The transportatirpn pattern is presented in considerable detail. Primary roads, secondary roads, and trails are identified. Railroads (1+182" gauge single track, 1+'82" gauge double track, narrow gauge single track, and tramways REST proved For Release 199199/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED are shown. The name of the construction material usually appears beside symbols representing prominent bridges. The map also provides information on. the cultural features noted below: water supply facilities markets high tension power lines schools power plants cemeteries Relief is depicted with contours at 10 meter intervals. Dikes and embank- ments are hachured. Precipitous slopes are specially marked and, spot heights are given in meters. Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main streams; ponds, marshes, and irrigation ditches are shown. Sea depths are given in fathom. The land utilization information is also fairly detailed; woodlands, grasslands, and rice growing areas are clearly portrayed. The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards. Isogonic information (19+5) and a brief glossary are presented along with the previously mentioned data on compilation sources. Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service. (81) Keijo-Jinsen Industrial Area, 1:25,000, may 1946, Army Map Service. This is a detailed topographical map prepared especially to cover the industrial installations and transportation features between Kyongsong (Keijo, Seoul) and Inch'on (Jinsen). It shows the town of Keijo-Fu (a suburb of Kyongsong), the Fuhei-Sosha airport, several industrial installations, and the eastern part of Inchon. The map was compiled. from Japanese maps, U.S. air photographs, and intel- ligence reports. The marginal data include a diagram indicating the sources used Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA-RDP79-00976A0001000700011 -129- ESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED in preparing particular sections. Although it does not record recent changes in the functions of certain buildings and installations, this map still presents a remarkably complete and effective portrayal of an economically important area. Prominent buildings and installations are identified by name or function and precise building outlines are shown. Residential and semi-residential areas are indicated with shading and sparsely built-up areas are distinguished from densely built-up areas by shade variations. The transportation pp,ttern is presented in considerable detail. Main roads, rural roads, city streets, and trails, are identified. Railroads (L+'82" gauge double track, 3'6" single track) and numerous stations are shown. The map also provides information on the cultural features noted below: water supply facilities township offices high tension power lines power plants military installations prisons temples shrines cemeteries salt pans Relief is depicted with contours at 10 meter intervals. Dikes and embank- ments are hachured and spot heights are given in meters. Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main streams, ponds, tidal flats, canals, and irrigation ditches are shown. The land utilization information is also fairly complete. Woodlands, grass- lands, and rice growing areas are clearly portrayed. The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards. A brief glossary is presented along with the previously mentioned data on compilation I 2n RESTRICT proved For Release 19997 09101 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001 1sTRICTED Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service. Limited. quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (82) Wonsan (Genzan), 1:12,500, Feb. 1945, Army Map Service (AMS L951, 1st ed. AMS 1). This map appears to be the best available plan covering Wonsan. It is in effect a fairly detailed topographical map presenting an assortment of physical and cultural information pertaining to the port. The map was compiled almost entirely from hydrographic charts and intel- ligence reports. It is not as reliable as similiar AMS plans (covering other Korean cities) based in part on air photographs. Prominent buildings and installations are identified by name or function and their outlines are shown. Built-up areas are indicated with shading. The transportation pattern includes primary roads, other roads, and trails. Railroads (4'82" gauge single track) are also shown. The map provides information on the cultural features noted below: lighthouses prisons railroad service schools installations markets cemeteries oil refineries dock facilities City precinct are identified with numbers keyed to a legend giving Japanese and Korean forms for precincts names. Relief is depicted with form lines. Dikes and embankments are hachured and precipitous slopes are specially marked. Spot heights are given in meters. Sea depths are indicated in fathoms. Streams, ponds, ditches, and swamps are shown. -131- RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001 1 RESTRICT reproved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 The land utilization information is fairly complete. Woodlands, grasslands, and rice growing areas are vividly portrayed. The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards. Isogonic information (1944) and a brief glossary are presented. Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service. Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (83) Hamhung (Kanko), 1:10,000, Sept. 104 4, Army Map Service. This appears to be the best available plan covering Hamhung. It is.a fairly detailed topographical map presenting a complete assortment of physical and cultural information pertaining to the city. The, map was compiled almost entirely from vqrious Japanese maps and it is not quite as reliable as similiar AMS plans (covering other Korean cities) based in part on air photographs. A marginal diagram indicates the sources used in preparing particular sections. Prominent buildings and installations are identified by name or function and precise building outlines are shown. Residential and semi-residential areas are indicated with shading. Shade variations distinguish sparsely built-up areas. The transportation pattern is presented in considerable detail. Primary roads, secondary roads, and trails, are identified. Railroads (1+182" gauge single track, light railroad single track) are shown. A 1:25,000 inset shows the site of an airfield 22 miles southeast of the city. The map also provides information on the cultural features noted below: water supply facilities markets high tension power lines schools military installations hospitals RESTRIC -132- -proved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-OO976AOOO1OOO7OOO1RE1STRICTED silk mills prisons cemeteries Relief is depicted with contours at 5 meter intervals. Dikes and embank- ments are hachured. Precipitous slopes are specially marked and spot heights are given in meters. Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main streams; ponds, wells, and irrigation ditches are shown. The land utilization information is also fairly complete. Woodlands, grass- lands, mulberry growing areas, and rice producing lands are vividly portrayed. The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards. A list of precincts and a brief glossary are presented along with the. previously mentioned data on compilation sources. Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service. Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (81.) Keiki Kaijo, 1:13,800, 1930, publisher unknown (Japanese text). This map originally appeared in a Japanese book or periodical. Only a photo reproduction was examined. There is every indication that the scale of the repro- duction approximates that of the original. The map probably presents a fairly reliable picture of the alignment of main transportation features in and around the city. Information on installations and the extent of the built-up area may be badly out-of-date. In spite of these liabilities this plan appears to offer the best available coverage for Kaisong (Keiki Kaijo, Songdo, K:aijo). The area around the city is systematically contoured and numerous spot heights are given in meters. The appearance of the terrain data suggests that the -133- RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 CIA-RDP79-00976AO00100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED information was copied totally or in part from various large-scale topographical Railroads, main roads, city streets, and trails are shown in some detail. Dark shading locates the built-up area. A few buildings are identified. Reference copies and a limited number of distribution copies (photo reproductions) are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (85) Sketch Plan of Kaesong (Songdo) Kaijo), 1:13,500, 29 Dec. 1945, Interim Research and Intelligence Service, Department of State, (CIA 3635). This plan is little more than a rudimentary sketch. It was apparently prepared by enlarging selected data appearing on a topographical sheet covering the area. Railroads, main roads, and a few bridges are shown but little or no detail on city streets is presented. Relief is not indicated and only a few main streams are portrayed. Schools, courts, warehouses, and various government offices are located and identified. This sketch plan does not present as detailed a picture of the city as the previously discussed Japanese map (84) Keiki Kaijo. It is included in the report only because it is readily available and because the text is in English. Distribution copies can be obtained at the Map Branch, CIA. (86) Chinnam 'o Chinnam o), 1:10,000, May 1945, Army Map Service (AMS L951, 1at ed. AMS 1 . This plan was compiled almost entirely from-Japanese maps and U.S. hydro- graphic charts. The information pertaining to the town proper is fairly reliable but in the surrounding area, changes in the coastline, new industrial instal- lations, and new transportation features (revealed by air photographs), are not adequately portrayed. RESTRiGtauroved For Release 1999/09M4-: CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001E1TRICTED Prominent buildings and installations are identified by name or functions; outlines of buildings are shown. Residential and semi-residential areas are distinguished from densely built-up areas. Primary roads, secondary road, and trails are identified. Railroads (4t8. gauge single track, narrow gauge single track) are also shown. City precincts are identified with numbers keyed to a legend giving Japanese and Korean forms for precinct names. The map also provides information on the cultural features listed below: custom houses cotton mills courts rice mills police stations cemeteries schools prisons hospitals banks Relief is depicted with contours at 10 meter intervals. Dikes and embank- ments are hachured. Precipitous slopes are specially marked and spot heights are given in meters. Hydrography is quite fully represented.- In addition to the main streams; swamps, mud flats, and ponds are shown. Sea depths, are given in fathoms. Land utilization information is quite detailed. Woodlands, grassland and rice growing areas are vividly portrayed. The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards. Isogonic information (19+5) and a brief glossary are presented along with a diagram indi- cating the sources used, in preparing particular sections of the map. Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service. Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA. 1 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A00010007000 - Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED (87) Chinnamp'o, Korea, 1:11,700, date of photography: 13 Dec. 1944, no publisher, no authority. This is a fairly clear air photo mosaic covering all of Chinnamp'o and a considerable portion of the surrounding area. It supplements map (86) Chinnampo'o (Chinnampo) by covering a larger portion of the city's environs and by presenting .more accurate data on the coastline, industrial installations and transportation features. A reference copy is available in the Map Branch, CIA. (88) Sketch Plan of Kwangju (Koshu), 1:14,000, 29 Dec. 1945, Office of Strategic Services (CIA 3627). This appears to be the only readily available plan of Kwangju. It was pre- pared by copying selected data from a 1918 topographical sheet covering this area. The portrayal of the town is highly generalized. The value of this plan lies in its fairly complete identification of build- ings and other cultural features. Locations are noted for the following: Southern Presbyterian mission railroad service installations various schools water works two hospitals tax office barracks gasoline storage tanks provincial offices commercial museum police station and jail rice mills electric plant slaughter house cotton mill post office prison banks city hall Buddhist temple -136- RESTRI proved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Railroads, main roads, and a few bridges are located, but the portrayal of city streets in sketchy and incomplete. The built-up are is crudely indicated with shading. Relief is not portrayed and only a few main streams are shown. ]listribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (89) Mokpo (Moppo), 1:12,500, March 1945, Army Map Service. This appears to be the best available plan covering Mokpo. It is in effect a detailed topographical map presenting an assortment of physical and cultural information pertaining to the port. The map was compiled largely.from Japanese maps and hydrographic charts. It is not as reliable as similiar AMS plans (covering other Korean cities) based in part on air photographs. Prominent buildings are identified by name or function and their outlines are shown. Residential and semi-residential areas are indicated with shading. Shade variations distinguish sparsely built-up areas from densely built-up areas. Primary roads, other roads, and trails, are identified. Railroads (4'82" gauge; single track, double track) are also shown. City precincts are identified with numbers keyed to a legend giving Japanese and Korean forms for precinct names. The map also provides information on the miscellaneous cultural features noted below. lighthouses schools railroad service facilities post offices markets city offices water supply facilities police stations Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA-RUP79-00976A000100070001 RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED high tension power lines hospitals ferries Relief is depicted with numbered contours at 10 meter intervals. Dikes and embankments are hachured and steep slopes are specially marked. Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main streams; reservoirs, conduits, marshes, mud flats, and ditches are shown. Sea depths are given in fathoms. The land utilization information is quite detailed. Woodland, grassland, and rice growing areas are vividly portrayed. The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards. A brief glossary is presented along with'a diagram indicating the sources used in preparing particular sections of the map. Copies are.available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service. Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (90) Haeju (Kaishu), 1:12,500, May 1945, Army Map Service (AMS L95l,'1st ed. AMS i This appears to be the best available plan covering Haiju. It is a fairly detailed topographical map presenting an assortment of physical and cultural information pertaining to-the town and its environs. The map was compiled from Japanese maps, hydrographic charts, and intel- ligence reports. It is not as reliable as similiar AMS plans (covering other Korean cities) based in part on air photographs. Prominent buildings are identified by name or function and their outlines are shown. Residential and semi-residential districts are indicated with ahtMding. Shade variations distinguish sparsely built-up areas from densely built-up areas. RESTRICft proved For Release 1999LQQtQ1 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Primary roads, other roads, and trails, are identified. Railroads (316" gauge or less, single track) are also shown. The alignment of some railroads is approximate. The map also provides information on the miscellaneous cultural, features lighthouses schools markets city offices prisons police stations water-supply facilities cemeteries post offices hospitals Relief is depicted with contours at 10 meter intervals. Dikes and embank- ments are hachured. Precipitious slopes are specially marked. Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main streams; ponds, marshes, mud flats, and irrigation ditches are shown. Sea depths are given in fathoms. The land utilization information is rather detailed. Woodland, grassland, and rice growing areas are vividly portrayed. The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards. Isogonic information (19+5) and a brief glossary are presented along with a diagram indicating the sources used in preparing particular sections of the map. Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service. Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (91) An-tung and Shingishu, 1:12,500, Oct. 1945, Army Map Service. .This appears to be the best readily available plan covering Sinuijua (Shingishu) and the adjacent Manchurian town, Antung. It was compiled from -139- RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01': 00070001 -1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Japanese maps, Japanese hydrographic charts, and U.S. air photographs. Outlines of most prominent buildings are shown and many are identified by name or function. The city street pattern is presented in considerable detail and 2.classes of roads are identified. Railroads (4182" gauge; single track, double track) are shown and various railroad service installations are identified. The map also provides information on the miscellaneous cultural features noted below: schools government offices prisons power plants radio stations paper mills ferries military installations water supply facilities bridges airfields log ponds markets boat yards Relief is depicted with numbered contours at 10 meter intervals. Dikes and embankments are hachured. Soundings in the Yalu River are given in fathoms. The land utilization information is quite detailed. Woodland, brushland, grassland, and rice growing areas are identified. The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards, EL brief glossary, and a diagram indicating the sources used in preparing particular sections of the map. Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service. (92) Sketch Plan of Chonju (Zenshu), 1:13,000, Dec. 1945, Interim Research and Intelligence Service, Department of State, (CIA 3630). RESTRICT, proved For Release 1999M9101 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED This appears to-be the only readily available plan showing ChenJu. It was prepared by copying selected data from a 1917 topographical sheet covering the area. The portrayal of the town is highly generalized. The main value of the plan lies in its fairly complete identification of buildings and other important cultural features. The following are located: Presbyterian hospital churches schools post offices warehouses banks courts prisons governor's residence factories police station Railroads, main roads, and a few bridges are located. The portrayal of city streets is sketchy and incomplete. The built-up area is crudely indicated with shading. Relief is not depicted and only a few main streams are shown. (93) Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch,'CIA. Kunsan (Gunzan), 1:13,000, Sept. 1946, Army Map Service (AMS L951, lst Ed. AMS1. This appears to be the best available plan covering Kunsan. It is in effect a detailed topographical map presenting a complete assortment of physical an cultural information pertaining to the port. The map was compiled from Japanese maps, U.S. air photographs, hydrographic charts, and intelligence reports. It presents a fairly reliable portrayal of the town. Prominent buildings are identified by name or function and their outlines are shown. Residential and semi-residential districts are indicated with shading. 1), 1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA:P79-00976A000100070001-RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTEi) Shade variations distinguish sparsely built-up areas from densely built-up areas. Main roads, secondary roads, and trails, are identified. Railroads(3T6" gauge, single track) are also shown. The map provides information on such miscellaneous cultural features as lighthouses, post offices, markets, dock facilities, prisons, water supply facilities, high tension power lines, schools, city offices, police stations, hospitals, and power plants. Relief is depicted with contours at 10 meter intervals. Dikes and embank- ments are hachured. Precipitous slopes are specially marked. Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main streams; ponds, canals, marshes, mud flats, and irrigation ditches are shown. River depths are given in fathoms. The land utilization information is quite detailed. Woodlands, grasslands, and extensive rice-growing areas are vividly. portrayed. The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards. Isogonic information (19+5) and a brief glossary are presented along with a diagram indicating the sources used in preparing particular sections of the map. Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service. Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (91i) Korea7, 1:10,000, 1916-1937, Land Survey Bureau, Government General of Chosen* (Japanese text). This set consists of 55 irregularly aligned and sometimes overlapping sheets layed out so as to cover a town or city and a portion of the surrounding area. *In the U.S. Army Map Service Map Library, the publisher of this series is referred to as the "Japanese Military Staff". RESTRICT] proved For Release 1995/x/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED The representation of both physical and cultural features in considerably more detailed. than that offered by other large-scale sets covering Korea. Most of the sheets are based on original surveys executed about 1917.. A few sheets, published between 1933 and 1937, are based in part on later surveys. At the time of their publication and for many years after the various sheets of this series offered the best available coverage for Korean towns and. cities. Although the majority of the sheets available in the U.S. are now out-of-date (changes in urban patterns resulting from the Japanese war effort are not recorded), there are still a few towns for which this set offers the best, if not the only, large-scale coverage. This appears to be true of three towns listed in the city plan table (Part I, Section IX), namely: (a) Taijcin (Taiden) (b) Chinju (Shinshu) (c) Hoeryong (Kainei) Although some special attention has been given to the three sheets noted above, the following descriptive comments are generally applicable to the entire series. Prominent buildings and installations are identified by name or function and in some instances precise building outlines are shown. The built-up portions of urban areas are indicated. Province, pu, kun, up, and.myon, boundaries are located. The transportation pattern is presented in considerable detail. Roads (several classes) and railroads are shown. The legend identifies such cultural features as water-supply facilities, high tension power lines, mines, quarries, bridges, ferries, factories, temples, Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA_RDP79-00976A000100070001 ~1ESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976AO00100070001-1 RESTRICTED shrines, prisons, cemeteries, etc. The distribution of woodlands, grasslands, rice-growing areas, orchards, and other vegetation types is-vividly shown. Relief is depicted with contours at 5 meter intervals. Dikes and embank- ments are hachured and precipitous slopes are specially marked. Spot heights are given in meters. Reference copies of the three sheets cited previously and nearly all other sheets in this series are available in the Map Library, Army Map Service. Usable black and white copies can be made. (95) Najin (Rashin), 1:20,000, Army Map Service (AMS L951 1st ed. AMS1), Jan. 1946. This map appears to be the best available plan covering Najin. It is in effect a sketchy topographical map presenting incomplete physical and cultural information pertaining to the port. The map was compiled from hydrographic charts, Japanese maps (1:50,000), and intelligence reports. It is not as reliable as similiar AMS plans (covering other Korean cities) based in part an air photographs. Only a few prominent buildings are identified by name or function. The approximate distribution of built-up areas is indicated with shading. Roads are identified and railroads (418-21" gauge, single track) are shown. The map also provides information on the miscellaneous cultural features noted below: railroad service facilities warehouses dock facilities city offices military installations Relief is depicted with form lines and a few spot heights in meters. The RESTRICproved For Release 1999/O91O1 .: CIA-RDP79-00976AO00100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED hydrography pattern is sketchy; only a few main streams are shown. Sea depths are given in fathoms. Grasslands are identified by symbols and one small rice growing area is located.. The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards. Isogonic information (19+6) and a brief glossary are presented along with a diagram indicating the sources used in preparing particular sections of the map. Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service. Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (96) Rashin K5,.1:16,500, 1945, Office of Strategic Services (CIA X61+6.2). This monochrome plan of.Najin is not quite as complete as map (95) Najin (Rashin) but it is on a larger scale. A Japanese hydr.ographic chart was the main compilation source and the data presented are about as reliable as those appearing on map (95). Main roads and railroads are located and a few prominent buildings are identified. Relief is not indicated and only a few main streams are shown. Numerous sea depths are given in feet. The marginal data include a linear scale in meters. Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (97) Masan, 1:12,500, Feb.. 191+6, Army Map Service (AMS L951, lst Ed. AMS 1). This appears to be the best available plan covering Masan. It is in effect a fairly detailed topographical map presenting an assortment of physical and cultur- al information pertaining to, the port. The map, was compiled from Japanese maps, and hydrographic charts. It is not as reliable as similar AMS plans (covering other Korean cities) based in part on air photographs. -145- RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-T---' Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTM Prominent buildings are identified by name or function and their outlines are shown. The built-up area is indicated with shading. Primary roads, secondary roads, projected streets, and trails are identified. Railroads (3'6" gauge, single track) are also shown. Bridges are located by symbol and the construction material is usually indicated. The map also provides information on the miscellaneous cultural features noted below: warehouses schools dock facilities markets water supply facilities city offices military installations police stations high tension power lines cemeteries post offices hospitals temples Relief is depicted with form lines and embankments are hachured. Precipitous slopes are specially marked. Spot heights are given in meters. Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main streams; wells, canals, and mud flats are shown. Sea depths are given in fathoms. The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards. 'Isogonic information (1946) and a brief glossary are presented along with a diagram indicating the sources used in preparing. particular sections of the map. Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service. Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (98) Yosu (Reisui), 1:10,000, May 1945, Army Map Service. This appears to be the best available plan covering Yosu. It is in effect a RESTRIC proved For Release 1999/ 9/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED fairly detailed topographical map presenting an assortment of physical and cultural information pertaining to the port. The map was compiled. largely from Japanese maps and hydrographic charts. It is not as reliable as similar AMS plans (covering other Korean cities) based on air photographs. Prominent buildings are identified by name or function and their outlines are shown. Residential and semi-residential areas are indicated with shading which distinguishes sparsely built-up areas from densely built-up areas. Primary roads, other roads, and trails are identified. Railroads (4'82" gauge, single track) are also shown.- The map provides information on the miscellaneous cultural features noted lighthouses post offices markets schools oil storage city offices docks police stations ferries hospitals cable landings Relief is depicted with contours at 20 meter intervals. Dikes and embank- ments are hachured. Precipitous slopes are specially marked. The few spot heights given are in meters. Main streams, mud flats, and ditches are shown. Sea depths are given in fathoms. Woodlands, grasslands, and rice-growing areas are identified. The marginal data include linear scales (miles, meters, and yards), a brief glossary, and a list of sources. Approved For.Release 1999/09/01 : CIA VP79-00976A000100070001 1STRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service. Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (99) Joshin (SongJin) Plan of Port and Town, 1:12,000, 1944, Map 10 in Survey of Korea, U.S. War Department. This appears to be the best available plan covering Songjin. It is prob- ably based. on a British map which, in turn, was compiled largely from hydrographic charts. Comparison with similar maps covering other Korean cities suggests that the representation of the central part of the town is fairly reliable while the portrayal of the city's environs is sketchy and incomplete. Outlines of some prominent buildings are shown but very few installations are identified. The built-up area is indicated with dark shading. Railroads and roads are located. Many of the city streets are depicted with dotted lines to indicate that they are, or were, projected. Relief is shown with form lines and spot heights in feet. Dikes and embank- ments are hachured and steep slopes are specially marked. The hydrography pattern is sketchy and sea depths are not given. Limited quantities of distribution photocopies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (100) Unggi (Yuki), 1:20,000, 1945, Army Map Service. This appears to be the best available plan covering Unggi. It is in effect a fairly detailed topographical map presenting an assortment of physical and cultural information pertaining to this small port. The map was compiled largely from Japanese maps, hydrographic charts, and U.S. air photo coverage of poor quality. It is not very reliable. RESTRICT proved For Release 199910 /01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED A few prominent buildings are identified. by name or function and. their outlines are shown. Residential and semi-residential districts are indicated with shading which distinguishes sparsely built-up areas from densely built-up areas. Primary roads, other roads, and trails are identified. Railroads (4'82" gauge., single track) are also shown. The map provides information on the miscellaneous cultural features noted below: lighthouses post office dock facilities customs house police station weather bureau of"ice town office fire station bridges Belief is depicted with form lines. Dikes and embankments are hachured and, precipitous slopes are specially marked. Main streams, canals, and mud flats are shown. Sea depths are given in fathoms. Woodland, grassland, and rice growing areas are identified. The marginal data include linear scales (miles, meters, and yards), a brief glossary, and a diagram indicating the sources used in compiling particular sections of the map. Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service. Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (101) Unggi (Yuki) Korea, 1:17,500, 1945, Office of Strategic Services (CIA X - 777 This is a simple outline plan of Unggi. It is not as complete as map (100) Unggi (YUki) but it is on a slightly larger scale and for a few small areas it -14c)- RESTRTCPED Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001 __1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED offers data not shown on the Army Map Service plan. Like map (100), this plan was also compiled from air photos (Dec. 194+4) and. Japanese hydrographic charts. It does not appear to be quite as reliable as map (100). Main roads and railroads are located and a few prominent buildings are identified. Relief is not indicated and only a few main streams are shown. Numerous sea depths are given in feet. The marginal data include a linear scale in cables and a 1:200,000 location Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (102) Map of Ranan, c. 1:12,000, Map 12 in Survey of Korea, U.S. War Depart- ment, 19447. (text in Japanese and English). This map originally appeared in a Japanese publication. Selected portions of the text were translated before it was enlarged and reproduced photographically for inclusion in the War Department report Survey of Korea. It appears to be the best available plan for this once important Japanese military center. Over a large part of the urban area, precise outlines are shown for buildings and installations. In the older section of the town, built-up districts are depicted with shading. A number of important buildings are identified. Roads, railroads, and city streets are shown in some detail. Relief in the area around the town is indicated. with hachures and spot heights in meters. Some of the information presented is not entirely clear on the available black and white reproductions. This is particularly true where roads, railroads, and rivers cross or parallel one another. At a few points, the Japanese text also. detracts from the clarity. RES ed For Release 1999/09/Q45z)CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001ElTRICTEv Reference copies and a limited number of distribution copies (photo repro- ductions) are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (103) Sketch Plan of I-ri (Ri-ri), 1:13,000, 1945, Interim Research and Intelligence Service, Department of State (CIA 3629). This appears to be the only readily available plan showing the town. It was prepared by copying selected data from a 1917 topographical sheet covering the area. The portrayal of the town is highly generalized but a few buildings such as; district offices, schools, post offices, and railroad stations are identified. The built-up area is shown with dark shading. Railroads, main roads, and a few bridges are located but the representation of city streets is sketchy and incomplete. Relief is not depicted and only a few main streams are shown. Distribution copies of this map are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (104) Kyomip'o, 1:12,500, Feb. 1946, Army Map Service (AMS L951, 1st Ed., AMS 1) This is the best available plan covering Kyomip'o. It is in effect a detailed topographical map presenting a complete: assortment of physical and cultural information pertaining to the town. The map was compiled from 1:10,000 Japanese maps, U.S. air photographs, hydrographic charts, and. intelligence reports. Prominent buildings are identified by name or function and their precise outlines are shown. Built-up areas are indicated with shading and bombed areas are specially marked. Primary roads and trails, are identified and railroads (4'8" gauge single track, 4182" gauge double track, narrow gauge single track, narrow gauge double track) are shown. -151 RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICT The map provides information on the miscellaneous cultural features noted factories water-supply facilities dock facilities schools bridges hospitals military installations markets cemeteries high-tension power lines Relief is depicted. with contours at 5 meter intervals. Dikes and embank- ments are hachured. Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main strums; reservoirs, sand. bars, mud flats, and irrigation ditches are shown. Depths in the main river channel are given in fathoms. Woodland, grassland, and rice growing areas are identified. The marginal data include linear scales (miles, meters, and yards), a brief glossary, an index to boundaries, and a diagram indicating the sources used in c6mpiling particular sections of the map. Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service. A limited number of copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (105) Chinhae (Chinkai), 1:12,500, Jan. 1945, Army Map Service. This appears to be the best available plan covering Chinhae. It is in effect a fairly detailed topographical map presenting an assortment of physical and cultural information pertaining to the town and a large part of the surrounding area. The map was compiled largely from Japanese maps and hydrographic charts. It is not quite as reliable as similar AMS plans (covering other Korean'cities) based partially on air photographs. R.ESTRICWh proved For Release 1999 1 9 1 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED Primary roads, other roads, and trails, are identified. Railroads (1+18-- gauge, single track) are also shown. The map provides information on the miscellaneous cultural features noted oil storage facilities military installations salt pans police stations city offices dock facilities bridges hospitals banks schools power stations high tension power lines City precincts are identified with numbers keyed to a legend giving Japanese and Korean forms for precinct names. Relief is depicted with form lines and by spot heights in meters. Dikes and embankments are hachured. Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main streams; 'reservoirs, canals, mud.flats, and ditches are shown. Sea depths are given in fathoms. Woodlands and rice growing areas are identified. The marginal data include linear scales (miles, meters, and yards), a brief glossary, and a diagram indicating the sources used compiling particular sections of the map. Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service. Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (106) Sketch Plan of Chongju (Seishu), 1:11,500, 1945, Interim Research and Intel- ligence Service, Department of State, (CIA 3631+). This appears to be the only readily available plan showing Chongju. It was Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA-RPP79-00976A0001000700014ESr____+ - CT ED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED prepared by copying selected data from a 1918 topographical sheet of the area. The portrayal.of the town is highly generalized but a few buildings, such as hospitals, churches, schools, warehouses, post offices, police stations and town offices, are identified. The built-up area is shown with dark shading. Railroads (approximate alignment), main roads, and a few bridges are located but the representation of city streets is probably incomplete. Relief is not depicted and only a few main streams are shown. Distribution copies of this map are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (107) Sketch Plan of Pohang-dong (Hoko-do), 1:13,000, 1945, Interim Research and Intelligence Service, Department of State, (CIA 3631). This appears to be the only readily available plan showing Pohang-don.g. No information is available regarding the sources used in its compilation. The portrayal of the town is highly generalized but a few buildings such as, police stations, customs houses, warehouses, schools, rice mills, post offices, and hospitals are identified. The built-up area is shown with dark shading., Railroads, main roads, and a few bridges are located but the representation of city streets is probably incomplete. Belief is not depicted and only a few main streams are shown. Distribution copies of this map are available in the Map Branch, CIA. (108) Musan (Mosan), 1:25,000, May 1945, Army Map Service. This appears to be the best available plan covering Musan. It is in effect a fairly detailed topographical map presenting an assortment of physical and cultural information pertaining to this small mining town and a large part of the surrounding area. The plan was compiled largely from Japanese maps. It is not as reliable as similar AMS plans (covering other Korean cities) based in part on air photographs. RESTRI roved For Release 1999/0-!k/9'-: CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976AO0010007000ttiTRICT A few prominent buildings are identified by name or function and their out- lines are shown. Built-up areas are indicated with shading. Primary roads, secondary roads, and trails, are identified. Railroads (41B-21" gauge, single track) are also shown. The map provides information on-the features noted below: iron ore deposits freight yards government buildings railroad stations police stations hospitals post offices Relief is depicted with contours at 20 meter intervals and numerous spot heights in meters are given. Dikes and embankments are hachured and steep slopes are specially marked. Hydrography is quite fully represented. Woodlands and grasslands are identified. .The marginal data include linear scales (miles, meters, and yards), a brief glossary, and data on compilation sources. Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service. (109). /Translate 7A Study of Korean Dialects, Vol. II by the late OKURA, Shimpei; Iwanami Shuten, 1944 Japanese text . This valuable work presents an exceptionally complete analysis of Korean dialects and localized pronunciations. Volume II, the only volume available for this examination, includes ten detailed. linguistic maps scaled at 1:4,000,000. These briefly described below: No. 1 Indicates localities where dialect studies were made. Nos. 2-9.Use distinctive symbols to indicate how certain basic words are pronounced in different areas. Part of the pronunciation information is remanized. No. 10 Locates precise boundaries for areas where six main dialects are spoken. -155- RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976AO00100070001-1 RESTRIC roved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 All of the maps show province and kun boundaries. The linguistic data can be interpreted with very little translating. A reference copy of this work is available.in the Foreign Documents Branch,. CIA (call number 19+64+7) 819.9). Usable black and white copies can be made. (110) Highways of Korea, Jan. 1945, Strategic Intelligence Branch, Military Intel- ligence Division Office, Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army (S.E.S. 154+). This is a useful summary providing detailed data on the main highways of Although it is based on information assembled during the war it still pre- sents a fairly reliable picture of the main facts regarding Korea's roads. An outstanding feature of this study is a clear outline map (Highways of Korea, 1:1,500,000, Plate I) on which the main highways are identified with numbers keyed to various tables presenting data on road width, surface conditions, construction materials, traffic capacity, bridges, etc. The bridge data are particularly detailed; photographs of several important bridges.are included. The work also presents a few sketchy city plans on which bridge. locations are emphasized. The text provides background information which can be very helpful in, interpreting road data appearing on maps. Distribution copies of this study are available through the office of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army. Reference copies are available in Reference, Department of State. (111) Communications Map (Chosen), 1:1,200,000, August 1, 1933, Communications Bureau, Government-General of Chosen (Japanese text). RESTRICT proved For Release 199916?101 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED This map presents very complete and. detailed data on Korea's postal and telecommunications'system as organized and operated under the /apanese7 Government- General of Chosen. It appears to be the best available map of its type. A great variety of symbols are used to identify the various classes of post and. telegraph offices, administrative centers, telephone offices, routes for carrying mail (distance between stations given), mail relay points and mail exchange points. Province boundaries and main streams are located. Insets show air-mail routes and the layout of the postal and telecommunications systems in Kyongsong and Pusan. More recent maps of similar scope may become available in the near future. Reference copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA and in the Map Library, Army Map Service. (112) /Translated7 Japanese Soil Map of Korea, 1:500,000, 1910, (Japanese text). This appears to be the basic soil map of Korea. The distribution of soil types is indicated with colors and. shading keyed to an analytical legend where the 68 variations of shade and color are logically grouped and identified. A large part of Korea had not been accurately surveyed at the time this map was prepared and, although the distribution pattern for main soil types is probably correct, the location of numerous features in relation to geographic coordinates is not very reliable. This is particularly true of northern Korea. The map has an advantage over other soil maps in that it presents soil data,in relation to a fairly complete portrayal of relief (shown with form lines) and important cultural features such as cities, towns, province boundaries, roads, railroads, and mines. A reference copy is available in the Map Library, Army Map Service. Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA.DP79-00976A0001000700014STRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED No usable black and white copies can be made. (113) /Korea7, 1:50,000, Land Survey Bureau, Government-General of Chosen (Japanese text). This is the basic topographic map covering Korean and nearby islands. It has been prepared on the polyhedral projection used for nearly all large scale topographic maps of the former Japanese Empire. If available information is correct, all of Korea is covered by 723 fully contoured sheets. Prior to the war, sketchy, shaded relief sheets (portraying strategic coastal areas) were distributed to the public in place of the fully contoured sheets which the Japanese regarded as secret military documents. This, together with the fact that'strategic area coverage was rarely shown on Japanese index maps, conveyed the erroneous impression that the entire country was not covered by contoured. sheets. U.S. map procurement activities in Korea clearly suggest that the entire country was mapped at this scale even though there may be a few small area for which contoured 1:50,000 sheets are not currently available in the United States. Three sheets of this series offer complete coverage for the short boundary between Korea and the USSR. Approximately 50 sheets provide nearly complete coverage for the Yalu and Tumen rivers which, with their tributaries, form the greater part of the boundary between Korea and Manchuria. On these border sheets, the Manchurian river bank is shown but the topography of the area on the Man- churian side is generally incomplete. However, this set still provides the largest scale and most reliable coverage available for major sections of these important boundary rivers. The surveys on which this set is based were conducted during the first World War. Most of the sheets were originally published in the 1920's and there are RESTRIC proved For Release 1999tG901 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A00010007000 R STRICTED indications that subsequent revision and correction has not been extensive. More complete information on survey and revision dates will become available when recent Army Map Service acquisitions are more completely appraised. The sheets, covering 15' of longitude and 10' of latitude, are printed in two colors (water in blue, all other data in black). Contours appear at 20 meter intervals and every fifth contour is accentuated. On most sheets, elevations of contours (expressed in Arabic numerals) appear at points where the contour lines meet the edges of the sheet. Spot heights are given in meters. A great variety of symbols is used to identify various physical and cultural features. The scope of the information presented is best indicated by an outline of the legend. There is some variation from sheet to sheet but most of the features listed in the following outline are identified by symbol on all contoured sheets covering areas where they occur. (a) Physical Features and Survey Data Terrain cliff rock outcropping scattered rock depression ravine, gully crumbling bank erosion Vegetation and Land Use orchard tea mulberry scrub pine wild land bamboo grove marsh land use boundaries cultivated marsh irrigated rice field dry rice field reeds conifers broad-leaf trees garden salt pans RESTRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 :CIA FP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICThPproved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976AO001 00070001 -1 Hydrography height of river bank depth of water stone sheathing concrete sheathing direction of flow navigable for boats waterfalls ditches Soil Types mud sand gravel Heights and Survey Points triangulation point secondary control point bench mark spot elevation (b) Communications main railways light railways special railways double track station single track first class roads: 4+ meters or over. 2 meters or over less than 2 meters second class roads other principal roads tunnel connecting roads unclassifiedi roads trail impassable for carts tree-lined road cut fill Telecommunication and Post Offices post office RESTRICTED post office without telegraph service ApprovedFor Release 1999/09/01 l66IA-16 -OO976AOOO1OOO7OOO1-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED postal station telegraph office Navigation lighthouse radio mast warning signal. port of call ship anchorage River Crossings wooden bridge foot bridge concrete bridge direction of flow foot ford (c) Buildings and Installations Military Installations military reservation naval reservation division headquarters army barracks naval camp material dump powder magazine navy lookout tower Public Buildings Japanese government office provincial seat county seat, city office township office bureau. of public safety school. hospital gendarmerie post meteorological station postal station without telegraph service telephone office anchorage commercial port fixed beacon fixed beacon (lightless) buoy (lightless) passenger and horse ferry (2 boats) passenger ferry (single boat) police station court of appeals prison customs house tax office govt. monopoly bureau office or factory office of maritime affairs -161- Approved For Release 1999/09/01: CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001R STRICTED RESTRICTIQt pproved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Industrial and Commercial Installations shipyard factory bank water wheel or mill generating plant market slaughter house Religious Edifices ancestral shrine pagoda church shrine temple (d) Political Boundaries international provincial kun, pu, (gun, fu) myon, up (men, yu) government. lands boundary markers (e) Other Features castle site tower stone lantern windmill monument' crane statue isolated trees signpost chimney masonry wall stone wall earthen wall hedge fences gate gate with roof RESTRICTED -162- Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Approved For Release 1999/09/01 CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICTED castle gate Korean gate shrine gate power lines graves stumps tombs springs mines mineral springs stone steps Although they present a wealth of useful information, the symbols used to , identify the features noted in the foregoing outline are often crowded on the map in such a way that they are difficult to identify with certainty. Conventional signs representing inconsequential features sometimes detract from the clarity of place names, contours, and transportation information. Were settled areas are portrayed, it is not unusual to find several ideographs and from ten to fifteen different symbols in one square inch of map surface. In addition to the previously outlined legend the marginal data include survey and publication dates, an index to adjoining sheets, a relief diagram, identification of the set, and linear scales in kilometers and ri. Coordinates (arabic. numerals) are given in the four corners of each sheet. The cultural data presented on most of the available 1:50,000 sheets represents towns, cities, and transportation features as they existed fifteen to thirty years ago. Relatively recent changes in urban areas caused by population growth, industrial development, and changes in the transportation pattern, are not recorded. In spite of the outdated cultural information and in spite of the fact that extensive use of symbols occasionally detracts from the map's legibility, this set is still the'most important map covering Korea. The sheets are only slightly less Approved For Release 1999/09/01.: CIA-R6-00976A000100070001$TRICTED Approved For Release 1999/09/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 RESTRICT.rD accurate than the 1:50,000 sheets covering Japan proper. Until a new mapping program is undertaken, this series will continue to be a basic map from which nearly all other maps of Korea will derive some of their information. The series is being reproduced (with a translation and other data added) by the U.S. Army Map Service - AMS L751, map (114) in this report. The index accompanying map (114) shows the sheet layout for both the original Japanese sheets and the AMS reproductions. Distribution copies (photo reproductions) are. obtainable through the Map Library, Army Map Service. Reference copies of nearly all original sheets are available in the Map Library, Army Map Service. (114) Korea, 1:50,000, 1945-46, U.S. Army Map Service, AMS L751, type A (AMS 1). This is the Army Map Service reproduction of the 1:50,000 set just described -- map (113) in this report. At present the available sheets provide nearly complete coverage for Korea south of 38? 30' N. latitude and the Army Map Service has active plans for extend- ing-the coverage into northern Korea. Sheets covering coastal areas will probably be published first and at least part of the series will eventually be prepared in color. Availability of the sheets, romanized names, and other factors suggest that this is the best large scale terrain map for Americans to use. The original Japanese sheets have been reproduced (photo offset) in black and white with romanized names (both Japanese and Korean forms) overprinted in purple. A polyconic grid has been superimposed and the Japanese legend has been translated. Isogonic information, an index to boundaries, a meter to feet RESTRI roved For Release 1999/0%Q1 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 Li. 1250 1270 1290 1310 Hsi-an ~_. :??:::?. ,.... ~ --_- -_~ ~~~ ~~~ ? ~ ~ ? Panshh? ~ ' ~Hu~~.c-'=/ Yenchi~ 7'14 r ? Sifeng U S S R ?~ I I I11 ii ' 11 ;' ?An-tu 7041 : >;:.;711 1 7241 341 r 0 o Liu.ho 0Fu IV i::g,.,;::.. ?: IV IV M A N C H U R 6940 :.: 6840 340 40 7140 7 7 ? I A _ _ ~ ? ?~ ~ ;~: 11 `'> III 111 II II 111 11 I II I11 - ; : V I IV .; .. IV i IV 1 6539 6639 I 83 9 6939 7039 7139 o Hingking I 111 110 nkiang I ' 111 I : i 1 I I I11 I 1 111 11 o III 11 5 * 7 6438:: , 38 : ?z.;, 8- 67 ' 6 : : 8 69 38 7038 138 I 11 # ' 111..? I x:;l 11 , -.:: ? I ? 1 .~~ T 11 III I I 4 L III I I j 4 ; 6 16537 16637 6737 1683 7 16937 7037 171 37 C~ cn n ~??? II III 11 III 11 Ill II III II III II III II 111 -- IV 1 :? 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V51 Published by ARMY MAP SERVICE - MAPS IN STOCK MAPS NOT IN STOCK - __-_ lr _ _ JEJYJtAOOEJ1 430 420 410 400 390 380 370 360 340 330 1250 CORRECT TO JUNE 1946 Approved For Release 1999/09/01CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 ARMY MAP SERVICE. U. S. ARMY. WASHINGTON. D.C., 150,773 430 420 410 400 390 350 370 350 340 330 9-46 Approved For Release 1999109/01 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1 KOREA 1:50,000 A.M.S. L751 SHEET NUMBER SHEET NAME KEY NUMBER SHt NUMBER SHEET NAME 60331 YONGAMPO RYUGAMPO 142697 603311 SUUN DO SUIUN TO 142698 603311 SIN DO SHIN TO 142699 6033 IV YONGMUNGANG GEIMONKO 142700 60341 SOHO DONG SEIKO DO 142701 603411 5INUIJU SHINGISh1U 142702 61271 NAHAP TO MAKO TO 144231 612711 SOCHONG DO 144232 6127111 TAECHONG DO TASEI TO 144233 6127 IV PENGNYONG DO HAKUREI TO 144234 61281 MONGGUMPO MUKINHO 142703 612811 TOK TONG TOKU DO 142704 612811 ICHANGSAN GOT CHOZAN
Source URL: https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/cia-rdp79-00976a000100070001-1

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[3] https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP79-00976A000100070001-1.pdf