RECORD OF THE MEETING IN THE USSR OF AMERICAN AND SOVIET COORDINATORS AND EXPERTS OF THE JOINT US-USSR WORKING GROUP FOR COOPERATION IN THE APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS TO MANAGEMENT IN REGARD TO TOPIC 5, 'COMPUTER-AIDED REFINEMENT OF DECI

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-00798A000200020010-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 68
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 8, 2000
• Sequence Number: 10
• Content Type: REPORT

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rf
in '-.}1('_ ',JS ?i: wIi! O(Cordiw`LtC".a 116,
raj.nrts of the jo: 71it US..-USSR ~ar'>"1C.iog Group 1:or Co.poi- 1t:.7.0I) .1.I1 Ihhe
f D''7~..LC +, t' i'll.l_.o CoJ; uLer to i il)3, + Jc 1'1 t: J_11 I't:::g,ard to Topic 5,
h.el a . i L 5 L.n.t of and Lduc`L,tion o
}"Il_f7,}l J,.,evcJ. i_~:.ecut:.Lvo a
In aecorda.:ne I~:l.~11 the Agreement beLwecn the Coverumento of the LSt.
7~2
-.y
Cooperation of Nay 24, 1972,
and the USSR on ,c:i_eni:ific and Technic -l'
aoei the Report of the. 'JS--US R T'o2 }c ,.rl Group in the Field of the
[kpplic:aLt:i_on of Cottputcrs to M;1nagement signed in Moscow on Nov?-.'T her 28
1973, is well as in accordance G: i.t'.h the. Protocol of the i,,.-Lceting. in 1-he.
7
tJ.5. of Coordinators and Exports in regar.d to Topic. 5, signed in.
December, 1.974, a meeting of Coordinators and Experts on Topic 5 was
held in the USSR from Scpt.embe..' 18 to October 1, 1975.
The itinerary of the American specialists in the Soviet Union
included visits to institutions of higher education, academic and branc7
research institutes, institutions of training and refinement, computer
center's, and industrial and cot;u` ercia.l cst:abiishments. A fuil.}'' C~.neL1I1`tent. .ri
itinerary in the Soviet Union of the Amur .carp delegation on Topic 5 is
found in Attachment I of this protocol. A. listing of those individuals
who participated in the meetings and discussions held during the visit
is found in Attachment II.
Dur.ng the visits, to these institutions and organizations American
r,
5
and Soviet experi.: exchanged opinions oo. the main aspects of Topic
and provided detailed ansners to all questions of interest to the
participants of the. meetings. The coordinators of both sides prepared
plans f_o:r. American--Soviet: scientific and t:ethnical cooperation for
Topic. 5. The descriptions of. the proposed ubtoaics are in
?~.ttac l :,lesltt: III. The ciescri.ptions of speci.f.i.c activities recommended
State Dept. dec 9 I 1e?eIA' 1lng"U@t''ic i W r%0ffl&0020010-3
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/g
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for i.rmmcdiate implementation are contain, d in Attachment IV. It is
recognized by the coordinators for both sides for Topic 5 that these
proposed plans must receive the approval of the American and the Soviet
Co--Chairmen of the US--USSR Joint Working Group an Application of Computers
to I`,anagement.
loth sides have agreed that an important problem for the next phase
of cooperation for Topic 5 is the elimination of the terminology barrier
between the experts. This should be realized in the joint preparation
of a Glossary on the Application of Computers to Economics and Management.
of this Glossary must be
of the activities of
each visit and workshop carried out under this agreement.
It is agreed by both sides that one form of cooperation is the
exchange of lecturers for specific courses in all subtopics of Topic 5.
Both the American and Soviet sides have agreed that the activities
in the framework of Topic 5 will be aimed at methodological and practical
results.
Done in Moscow this 30th day of September 1975, in duplicate in
the English and. Russian languages, both equally authentic.
6o Coordinator for Topic 5
On behalf of
N.N. Ivashchenko
USSR Coordinator for Topic 5
M.V. Solodkov
Dean, Economic Faculty of
Moscow State University
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Itinerary of American specialists in the USSR from September 18 to October. 1,
1.975, on Topic 5, "Computer-Aided Refinement. of Decision-Making and
Education of Ifigh-Level Exe.cutives."
Thursday, 18 September Arrival of the delegation at the Airport
Shere.mcchevo..
Friday, 19 September Meetings at the Ministry of higher and
Specialized Education of the USSR; the
,Rectorate of Moscow State University; and
sEconom.ics Faculty of Moscow. State University.
Saturday, 20 September Meetings at Moscow Institute of Management
named after. Ordjonikidze, and Institute of
National Economy named after Plekhaaaov.
Monday, 22 September Meeting at Leningrad Institute of Finance
and Economics.
Tuesday, 23 September Meetings at Tallinn Polytechnic Institute,
and the All-Union Council of Scientific
and Technical Societies, Tallinn.
Wednesday,.24 September Meetings at the Training and Refinement
Institute of the Ministry of Light Industry,
Estonia, Tallinn; and the Tallinn Excavator
Plant.
Thursday, 25 September Meeting at the Interindustry Institute of
Training, Riga.
Friday, 26 September Meeting at the Riga Polytechnic Institute,
and visit to Riga Wholesale Trade Office of
Central Union and Latvian Union of Cooperative
Societies
Monday, 29 September Meeting at the Institute of Management of
the National Economy, and visit to the Zil
Automobile Plant.
Tuesday, 30 September Meetings at the USA Institute, and the Central
Economics and Mathematics Institute, Moscow.
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ATTACHMENT II
US pay: t.i.cipants in the September, 18--October 1, 1975, meetings in the
USSR of., Coordinators and Experts on Topic 5
D. Don Aufenkainp
Head, Computer- Appi.icaLions in Research
National. Science Foundation
US Chair.m:!an, US--USSR Joint Working Group on Scientific and
Technical Cooperation in the Field of the Application of
Computers to Management
John F. Lubin
Associate. Tean and
The Wharton School
University of Pennsylvania
of I Sanagement
US Coordinator, Topic 5, US-USSR joint
Working Group on Scientific
and Technical- Cooperation in the Field of the Application
Computers to Management
(John E. Austin
I Lecturer. ori' I usiness Administration
lGraduate School of Business Administration
Jlarvar.d University
Egon Loebner
Counselor for Scientific and Technological Affairs
US Embassy
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Soviet participants in the Septemther 18-October 1., 1975, meetings
in. the 'USSR of Coordinators and Is :ports on Topic 5
Ministry of liighet and Secondary Specialized Education of the USSR
Moscow
N.S. Ygorov, Deputy M:i.nister
N.N. Ivashchenke, Deputy Gb:i.of, ?Main Department oi_ Higher.
Educational instituti.o,.iss USSR Coordinator, Topic 5, US-USSR
Joint Work:i.7:ig Group on. Scientific rend Technical Cooperation
in the Field of the Application of Computers to Management:
A.K. Kalinin, Chief, Main Department: of Scion .l.ific I.esear.c[I,
Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of the RFSSR
V.V. Semin, Deputy Chief, Department of Personnel
A.M. '.lsiganeriko., Deputy Chief, Department of Instruction and
Methodology
Rectorate of Moscow State University
Moscow
F.M. Volkov, Pro-Rector
M.M. Maslov, Pro-Rector
.S. Pankratov, Deputy Pro ---Rector
.V. Solodkov, Dean, Economics Faculty
iv. i:i_' .thonov, Dean, Computer r acu.i_ti y
A.N. Leontyev, Dean, Psychology Faculty
Economics Faculty, Moscow State University
Moscow
I.P. Faminsky, Deputy Dean
U.N. Spe.ranskaya, Deputy Dean
E.L. Maiminas, Professor
U.N. Bronnikov, Associate Professor
G.N. Zoteev, Associate Professor
V.M. Yfimov, Senior Lecturer
V.J. Marshev, Senior Research Fellow
A.N. Sobronin, Postgraduate
A.V. Fadeyev, Postgraduate
Ozdjonikidae Institute of Management
Moscow
M. A. = Bishaev, Pro-Rector
V. S. Rumyantsev, Dean
G.A. Bryansky, Dean
V.J. Mamontov, Chief of Chair.
I.V. Kuznetsov, Doctor of Economic Sciences
I . A. Ivanov, Associate Professor
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Plekhanov Institute of National Economy
Moscow
Z.G. Popov, Pro-Rector
B. I . I.skya.kov, Chairman of Department
. V.U. Ozira, Chair.ma;n of Department
A.V. Korchagin, Chairman of Department
G.A. Yer.c}rmeyev, Chairman of fepaa tm,e.nt
Leningrad Finance and Economics Institute
Leningrad
U. A.
LM+vrikov, Rector.
L. S.
I.M.
Tarasevich,
Syroyezhin,
Pro-Rector
Chairman,
Department of Economic Cybernetics
I.V.
Romanovsky,
Professor
S.R.
Gidr.ovich,
Senior Lecturer
U.U.
Kuroiepin,
Senior Research Fellow
Tallinn Polytechnic Institute
Tallinn
N. Tiismus, Pro-Rector
R'. Uksvarav, Professor of Organization and Management
M. Habakul,~, Associate Professor of Organization and Management:
U.R. Lilie.nurm, Chief of Department
All-Union Council of Scientific and Technical Societies
Tallinn
L. Savelyev, Chairman of Laboratory of Estonian Institute of Information
L.I. Saulin, Chairman of Department of Labor, Estonian State Committee
U. Runkla, Chairman of Department
I. Partei.noeg, Chairman of Department
Training and Refinement Institute, Estonian Ministry of Light
Industry, Estonia
Tallinn
J.O. Portnoi, Director of Center of Scientific Organization of Labor
H.I. Cala, Chairman of Teaching Department
Tallinn Excavator Plant
Tallinn
I. Andel, Director
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Interindustry institute of Training,
l.i.ga
A.I. And.r.:i.cson, Director.
A.K. Krast.i_esh, Deputy Director
N.T. Ivanov, Dean, Management Faculty
M. Fr.obtuk, Dean, Economics Faculty
I.V. Sta:3ar.an, Dean, I'sn( ineer_i_n, Faculty
V.P. Nikisli_i_n, Chairman of Department
G.A. Forsh:in, chairman of DeparLm.ent
Riga Polytechnic
R i,.ga
I.N.
A. 1.
U. A.
A. 14.
1.A.
L.V.
O.B.
E.P.
A.P.
U.A.
V. L.
I. yin, Pro Rector
S tra.kov, Pro--Rect.-or
Freimanis, Pro--Rector
Borisov, Chairman of Department
Stazd i,n, Chairman of Department
Nitset.:skv, Chairman of Department
Lyusin, Chairman of Department
Leontyev, Chairi,~v?n of Department
Spalvinsh, Chairman of Department
Briedis, Chairman of Department
Nazarov, Chief of Computer Center
Riga Wholesale Trade Office of Central Union and Latvian Union
of Cooperative Societies
Riga
R.I. Denison, Director.
G. Grivinsh, Chief of Computerization Techniques and MIS
Department, State Planning Committee, Latvian SSR
Institute of Management of National Economy
Moscow
V.G. Shorin, Rector
L.I. Strelnikov, Pro-Rector
A.P. Polezhavev, Professor
A.S. Roshchin, Professor
V.S. Bobintsev, Associate Professor
Zil Automobile Plant
Moscow
V.V. Kalinin, Deputy General Director, Zil Corporation
A.P. Lizo, Rector, Zil Technical Institute
V.N. Mosin, Chairman of Department, Zil Technical. Institute
M.N. Churaryov, Deputy Chief, External Relations Department
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ATTACIII?IEN'.l' III.
Description of Subtopics
1. System of Management Education and Training
1.1 Management: Education in the USA and the USSR: System and Forams
Training; centers--their types arid orientation, financing,
number and type of trainees.
Curricula of rnanagemen.t tr.:,.inir?g--cur.ricrmltrr issues,
academic and methodological.
Training activities in industry; sur.:vcy of management
development programs. .
Interindustry aspects of management education.
1.2 Management Education of Nigh--Level Managers
Definition of the term, "High-Level Managers" (Iiigh-
Level Managerial Body).
Specific characteristics of training and development of
Continuing relationships between graduates and educational
and training institutions.
Improvement in curricular and instructional methods for
such trainees.
1.3 Management Education for Management. Personnel of Enterprises
in the USSR and Corporate, Governmental and Not-for-profit
Enterprises in the USA
Methods of on-the-.job training for personnel in this
classification.
Differences at different levels in the organizational
structure and in line and staff-positions.
Models of variations in curricula for managers and specialists,
line and staff.
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2. Planning and Forecast-1-u& Requirements for Managers and
University-1.ccvei Graduo.tos for Industry and Government
2.1 Planning and Forecasting J.. is in USA in the
Fall. 1976, their visit to Overlap the Ai:tnLlal Nat.aoi:a.l Ga3;Yiug
Counci.L Symposium. During Lh visit each side will conduct
instructional se'.minars, work on the joint reporu, and the
USSR side will visIL appropriate centers of simulation gaming.
The USA side will visit in the USSR in the Spring of 1977, meet
with t.hcir colleagues in e: inars, .,pork on the joint final
ai.taul1.tion
ropol:L, and v?.si_r. :Lust:iLittion of J_mpol tan.L'C in
gaming in tlie. USSR.. The period. in. each country will be from
3 to 4 weeks.
4. Members of both sides will. exchange literature about those
simulation games available to them, including instructional
material, adininietrator.s notes, and program decks for
computerized games.
5. A joint final report of the effort will be completed for
publication by the end of the academic year 7.976--1.977 which
will. include specific recommendations for further joint
cooperation in simulation gaming.
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The Mxai.n Scientific--Research Computer Center of the Moscow City 'xecutivo Comanitte e
The tasks confronting Soviet commerce demand the development of a sscion-
ti.fi.cas.lly-based optimal system of administration, providing for the sole of goods
to the populace with minimal distribution costs and a high lovel of service
efficiency.
The most convenient method for providing customers with non-.food products
is the large department store. In Moscow, for example, 11 large department stores
and firms account for about 30% of the total turnover of industrial gocd ,. '[ho
largest department store is the, Moscow GUM, for which 1975 sales will tot.:a.l. 570
million rubles.
But large department stores are distinguished by the complexity of their
mailagoanent. For their efficient administration, it is necessary to hare cc;:;plcte
and reliable information on all. of the processes involved. Howeveeer, the 0lumo
of management information is growing each year, together Faith the st=e;adyT
of the sales volume.
As the management of commerce is perfected, many indices which previously
not used in the information processes come to be included. Thus, invest--
tt;aries are recorded not only in terms of quantity and price, but also with an
indication of. consumer features, such as size, height., gre('d, model, complete-
??iess, color, material, the type of heel and design for a shoe, etc.
Accurate, operational, P-11-encompassing, information is absolutely necessary
for the best use of commercial resources. It is possible to cope with the increa-
sing flows of information only with the help of computers and the automated sys-
tems of management (ASMs) based upon the work of these 'iriachinos.
The automated system of accoliati ng, analysis., planning and management
t AS14 Department Store" for large commercial enterprises is a complex of economic
and u.ath~.,tkRE?.J1F'?es29Q1b~t~teIe~~t~~?,R.4~;gz~~ and
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ILI'Go APO
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%low
 departments an onto pr o ouca~ ~ry9out ma nage OOt7 0 c~2u~~yunder a now system
of planning and economic stimulation. The main goal,:,, of the development and insta-
llation of the ASM is the perfection of the management of a commercial enterprise,
and a guarantee of the best use of the material, labor and financial resources for
increasing the sales volume, raising profits and profitability, and improving
the efficiency of consumer services.
In an ASM, all of the tasks of accounting, analysis, planning and management
are considered to be integrated, combined, inseparably interconnected and inter-
related. The tasks of economic activity, now divided among many departments and
people, are, through the use of computers, merged into a single system, in which
they are dealt with effectively, reliably, and in any degree of detail necessary.
It is just such a unified approach in developing and installing the ASM which
forms the basis for the efficiency of the automation of management. The solution
of separate, isolated tasks with computers does not justify the large hopes placed
in them nor the expense of obtaining and developing new techniques.
In creating the ASM it remains necessary, as before, to divide individual
functional tasks between various groups of employees, each of which bears the
responsibility for fulfilling the work allotted to it. However, the nature of
people's activity in a situation of automated management changes.
The totality of the tasks.solved by the ASM can be divided into "informational"
and "managerial." The farmer.serve: the goals of accounting and analysis, as well
as receiving the necessary initial data for planning and management. The latter
concern themselves with optimizing the plans and administration of commercial-
economic activity; their bases are formed by economic-mathematic models which.
allow the optimization of :a. selected, special-purpose function.
In the ASM-Department Store the following subsystems are distinguished: the
calculation of goods and materials values and financial moans; the analysis of
commercial-economic activity; the study and forecasting of consumer demand; cur--
rent and c~r~ otvednFplan
Rela n e , opQ atlf I~itu. manage en . of ~o~~n2e~~ a~ac ivity; ajld
 3
category c ~~RY 4~ ~ Q91k 19 Aer# DI~Ca$ii QQ~2QQ?1D~?3nt tasks.
c
In the development and installation of the ASY1-bepartm..m.me nt Stare, one of the
most important stages is the automation of the fulfillment of the accounting
tasks. In discussing the administration of accounting with the AS14 we are not
talking simply about the fulfillment with computers of "routine tasks," but
about restructuring of stock--taring with the goal of extending the control
and analysis indices, decreasing the time necessary for receiving accou4ting
information, and the creation of data banks for fulfilling the tasks of the sub-
sequent subsystems.
Tho basic and most labor-intensive portion of this subsystem is the accounting
of commodity operations. This is connected first of all, with the fact that the
plan for commodity circulation, and its fulfillment, is the basic qualitative
index of the work of a commercial enterprise and forms the basis of its economic
activity. Secondly, the control over the safe-keeping of socialist prop lty is
of very great importance in commerce. Commercial enterprises contain huge amounts
of valuables in the form of goods and materials. They are stored in numerous
warehouses and subsidiary facilities, and the material responsibility for their
safe-keeping is borne by a large quantity of commercial employees. The conditions
of the transport, storage and sale of goods demands the maintenance of especially
strict, daily control by accounting employees, in order to avoid the possibility
of loss, spoilage, or theft.
The accounting for the sale of goods on credit to fadtory and office workers
is one variant of commodity-operations, but because of its large degree of labor-
intensity and independence from the other forms of operations and statiotical
generalizations is assigned to separate. sections of the tasks of the accounting;
subsystem. Various goods are sold on credit, with installment repayment periods
of up to 24 months. Therefore, it is necessary for the computers to maintain
accounts for money received from the bank in repayment for consumer debts.
Thc, PYeA F rat, ZOQiI1f1I1.91. ROB7& a oao2oa GO 4rtment Store
are: control over tho expenditures from the wages fund, the use of current indices
 t for wage c ko cP09r 6~9$ 1/9f1/*? dk 7067'08AAA MM M
4
3established
level, the correct and complete use of working time, and the maintenance of labor
discipline; accurate calculation of wages duo to each employee in accordance with
the quantity and quality of work completed, as well as the calculation of taxes
and other deductions; the timely and correct reflection of payments from deductions
on wages to factory and office workers
, to the tapes budget, and to social security
organs; and the drawing up of bookkeeping and statistidal accounts.
The operational dnd statistical tasks of compiling, calculating and main-
taining records for providing-labor-to enterprises are carried.out on the basis
of personal histories of all employees, recorded on magnetic tape in the computers.
The information provided could rbe data on the deviation of the actual listed num-
ber of employees from the authorized personnel for all-types of jobs, various
types of generalizations (for example, the number of salespersons in the store
with a secondary education and who have worked in the given enterprise for' more
than five years), detailed tables with a calculation of absolute and relative
values (for example, where a person studied,-in relation to their age bracket),
operational and statistical records by department (for example, an analysis of
the qualitative composition of individual categories of employees).
The drawing up of different types of bookkeeping, including the balance
sheets, is the final stage of accounting operations. In the ASM-Department Store,
a-generalizing complex of accounting programs has. been established for these
goals, and carry out calculations based both on previous tasks and on indepen-
dently considered indices. The drawing up of some of the types of bookkeeping
is included in the complexes of tasks enumerated above, since these types of
bookkeeping organically ensue from the concrete tasks fulfilled in them. On
the other hand, the complex under consideration should include accounting tasks
not included earlier (taking into account items of little value or which
out, quickly, otc~.
Condurap~i~ve??or fegil
l~101 JAtJP IF~9-~~~~gA0~0~~~ ble to
organically connect different types of accounting---bookkeeping, operational and
 stastical.I r~vRF~6rQ116919i601~1 ~f)"1~64 G$~' DF -b !'bh,B,Qr00w2~ 2 ''~~u ere can
be provided operationally (which, in the absence of automation, is a feature of
only operational accounting), with absolute accuracy (one of the demands of book-
keeping accounting), and in any type of generalization and grouping (charac-
teristic of statistical accounting).
The processing of data by computer presupposes an integral system for the
use of information. The detailed analytical data received begin to play an im-
portant role not only in accounting but for other goals as well. For example,
control over the fulfillment of delivery contracts in terms of both promptness
of the delivery and the assortment of goods, control over the selection of funds,
control over prices, control over the presence of goods in sufficient assortments,
the management of goods inventories, etc., are connected with the accounting of
cormnod~ty operations.
The ASIi-Departmont Store makes it operationally possible to supply infor-
mation, at the demand of management, concerning the condition of goods inventories,
relations with suppliers, the fulfillment of planning indices, the course of goods
processing, etc. In addition to the' possibility for any progrc.m to supply suniaary
data at any time (for example, turnover or inventory records for the quantity-
price accounting of goods), special basic information records for the information-
research system are processed and collected, thus automating the delivery of an-
ewers to various managerial enquiries concerning the condition of the coiranercial-
economic process.
The subsystem of the analysis of commercial-economic activity is based on
information received in fulfilling the tasks of the accounting subsystem and
uses bookkeeping materials and all types of data of the current accounting and
of financial and intradepartmental checkups.
The rso of and i nt, reonnected data makes p(-.-,J_11,1;.- a
A
objective evaluation of the fulfillment of planning assignments for total reve-
nue, op?rat ,~tf'F~d ass 1t/$A#~f I~ F ~~~ 98 ~1~0 2 bjOt ie depart-
ment store as a whole, but for its individual commercial subdivisions as well.
 In add itioApp"MFPO Rri#ea?e6d1l1its
soundness and its tensions, can be given. Factors positively and negatively in-
fluencing the plan's fulfillment are revealed, and the degree of their influence
is measured; tendencies and regularities of economic development, and hidden and
unused reserves, are revealed; as a consequence, the appropriate generalizations,
practical conclusions and suggestions are made. The actual usefulness of an
economic analysis lies in the investigation of unused reserves in all sectors
of the planning and management of the department store.
With the ASN, an economic analysis can be deepened and widened. To the tra-
ditional methods of comparison, grouping, substitution and coordination are
added correlational analysis, linear, nonlinear and dynamic programming, theories
of mass services, systems analysis, and the investigation of operations.
Without the study and analysis of consumer demand, a determination of its
size for individual types of goods and of its tendencies to change, it is im-
possible to optimize planning and management. The given subsystem is divided into
three groups of tasks: the study of satisfied and unsatisfied demand, and the
forecasting of demand.
The initial information on satisfied demand is transferred to mechanical
storage systems either beforehand (with the use of commodity punch cards) or
directly at the time of sale on special cashier apparatuses. The data processed
bb computer is grouped together and presented to a previously specified section
which analyzes the satisfied demand (the sale) by nomenclaturo, supplier, size,
height, style, color, etc. All information can be supplied operationally on the
basis of information from each working day. In addition, statistical genera-
lizations of results received for a particular period (a week, a ten-day period,
a month, a quarter, etc.) and a comparative analysis of the changes in the
structure and the uc?uxr.e of tt.rn:ovc;r of goods in a p rticul..ar c.rex ar?", con-
ducted to any degree of detail.
The b9 d 4R 2d0YF1?! GWJ 179 0 70664?0 16-3po11s,
questionnaires, postcard enquirids, etc., as, well as with the help of equipment
 'making it g i t~ RrF~2OI Pl1 #' a Gfl ~ ~ 1 ~ ianical
information-carrier at the time they are received; the latter, from the point
of view of.the ASM, is preferable. By studying unsatisfied demand, it is
possible to receive not only detailed information on consumer preferences, but
also data of a sociological nature on the age distribution of customers, their
residence, education, family and material situation, etc.
Statistical generalizations from data received from studying the populace's
effective demand makes it possible to discover the structure of demand, its
changes over time, the tendencies of its development (formation) or the dwin-
dling of demand for individual types of goods. The forecasting of demand is
connected with the use of a spacial mathematical apparatus.
The introduction of the managerial subsystems ASH-Department Store, based
on the use of optimizing methods, has become particularly timely and necessary
given a new system of management which allows a commercial enterprise oper?a-
tional independence in drawing up its commercial-financial plan. The approval
of only two basic indices-- sales volume and-profits --by higher organizations
allows the department store to independently develop all of the remaining planning
indices of its economic activity.
The plan for the sales volume is calculated taking into account the basic
task of commercial enterprises: to satisfy to a maximum degree the constantly
growing demand of the public for consumer goods. The sales volume is planned for
i' volu e and structure for the department store and all its commercial sub-
divisions, for basic groups of goods and for several individual goods. The basic
initial data are taken from the informational subsystems ASM-Department Store,
and reflect the study and forecasting of consumer demand, the sale of goods
during the preceding sales period, and the presence of goods inventories. Such
an interconnection became possible because of the unity of the indices of the
informational and managerial subsystems ASM.
The pl~jd~~Q d R I e rE@ 4 ~/fl 9 2L 1 9 8/~i~OA~ ~~4 0~~ ing and
management are directed towards fulfilling the basic goals of the ASM-Department
 Store. Stc~v~~F~rtf~ia9?~P1~1/~95ILf#8fi4B4b(P~O4oduced
which makes it possible to compare in numerical form the suggested various
versions of plans and decisions contained in computerized models. A special-
purpose function makes it possible to determine the exact meaning attributable
to the concept of the optimal management of a department store, to replace in-
tuiti6n Lnd experience with the appropriate calculations. A review of the
various versions of the organization of management, with an evaluation of the
special-purpose function, as well as the receipt and use of the-data of all the
remaining subsystems of the ASM-Department Store makes it possible to optimize
the planning of the commercial activity of the department store, and to guarantee
the profitability of the sale of each individual good.and the profitability of
the work of each:_individual section, stand, warehouse and department, and of the
department store as a whole.
The basic goal of the subsystems of operational management of commercial
activity is the guarantee of a constant supply of goods for sale with a wide and
varied assortment, taking into account detailed consumer preferences. This con-
dition must be particularly carefully fulfilled for goods in the range of basic
(sufficient) necessities. As far as goods in the high-fashion range are concerned,
it is necessary to conduct the appropriate commercial work with suppliers on the
basis of the data received and processed.
The functions of the subsystems of management of goods inventories are the
establishment of dynamic, extensive norms concerning the minimum level of inventories
for each of the varieties of goods sold by the department store and, when that
given level has been attained by actual inventories, calculation of the size of
the batch of goods to be ordered. In the accounting process for commodity
operations, control over the legel of goods inventories is carried out in order
to provide infor~:_ation l -cesovey for operational management in cases when the
established differentiated norms are deviated from, and to provide a calculation
of the siAppr$v bW ejA9e 0 /4~ ~I :?C`~i R~f~ 79~ iA0~pD0A~~AaR~ ions are
information on the sale of a detailed variety of goods, on the basis of which
 the dyhamigpppSV66CF(WROtdas& `0fj1y'F'11/ a id'-F ~ T~V B-1 ~~~1( r3?dje t a_cr s
on the sale of one good or another, for example, by using the method of the
sliding average.
The management of inventories supplies is carried out on the principle of
two levels. When specific types of goods reach the lower level, they are re-
plenishes' until they reach the upper level. The upper and lower level are es-
tablished for a particular period of time, a month, for example, and are reviewed
regularly on the basis of demand forecasts.
The introduction of the AS'.NN-Department Store makes it possible to deterr;ine
several factors influencing the basic indices of commercial activity. These factors
include: establishing the optir4um level of goods inventories in the departr.ent
store and reducing them by 3-5%; avoiding the stocking of goods which aren't in
demand; avoiding losses involved in the markdown on goods which are urm arketa'ble
or which have lost their original quality; increasing the safe-keeping of i.,:a-
terial valuables and financial funds; and reducing the number of personnel en-
gaged in accounting-tallying work.
Director of the Computer Center of GUM, Candidate of Technical
Sciences V. V. Shoob
Assistant Director of the Computer Center of GUM, Candidate of
Economic Sciences A. P. Bykov
The Ex2orience of Cpn;tructina an Auto:matedSystem of P'rr ent in a Cite :cc'^;
The city of Moscow is a multidepartmental enterprise and develops is a
unified whole in accordance with a single plan--the General Plan for the Develop-
ment of Moscow. As in any other sector of the economy, the management of the
city economy amounts to the distribution and redistribution of resources, di-
rected towards the attainment of goals determined by the plan. However, in
distinction to tile industrial sectors of the economy, the city economy has one
fundamental difference: its final product, which is measured not by physical
criteria but by social and economic criteria, such as the growth of the people's
Approved For Release 2001/11/19: CIA-RDP79-0Qi798AQ00200~20010-3
welfare, the improvement of social-everyday and cu_tura services, etc. The
 ~.n physicalAb~jogd I~ase~1b01/~?
/1~JuA IAtRDP79 007985 $00200020010 3 c.~-
is directed towards obtaining this final product.'The significant indefinite-
ness in the measurement (interpretation) of social-economic categories on the
one hand, and the large quantity of different sectors (and consequently cri-
teria for evaluating their activity) on the other, create the following diffi-
culties in investigating the city economy as a management unit;
- alternatives and courses of action chosen are determined by criteria
which are more speculative than formal;
- the evaluation of the effectiveness of the result obtained depends
substantially upon the opinion of the expert at the time of the evaluation.
In addition, the complexity of managerial activity in social-economic
systems consists of the fact that the manager (here and below the term "mana-
ger" will include both a managerial organ and an individual person possessing
the right and the responsibility for decision-maJ:ing) making the decision must
correctly and quickly evaluate its optimality and influence on future develop-
merit for. a significant interval of time; if the correct decision is not made,
the loss of efficiency of the economic activity (for example, in terms of re-
sources) could attain an importance comparable to the work volume of a large
enterprise.
As experience has shown, the perfection of management is most effectively
attained through the introduction ofcomputers, or, in other words, through
the creation of an automated system of management (ASM).
The impossibility of completely replacing man with the computer and the
.necessity of increasing the efficiency of managerial decisions have led to the
fact that the development of the methodology of constructing automated systems
of management for social-economic processes is-at the present time a pressing
problem.
In this work, one of the possible approaches to the development of an ex=
per3.ment p 91e$as M A /~'9 : 9RD 91 79BA00020 020010 3uient for
social-economic processes is suggested.
 The kid' oQ dtjt31f'*W%,~ W 2~ 1i 'tii Je G~Ae- 91 t i ff Qs~5:1odi - h !;asical_ly
includes:
tho collection and analysis of initial data;
- the compilation of a number of alternatives;
the selection of the appropriate alternative,. the correctness of which
is determined by the possibility of comparing all alternatives or, at least,
of choosing several of the best; and, to the present time, has remained the pre-
rogative of the manager.
Let's look at the manager's role in a management system. Say that a number
of decisions are made in drawing up a certain plan. At the beginning of the
planning process, only the desired goal is known, but the "who," "what'," "when"
and "how" are not known. By the time the planning process is completed, not
only the result is known, but the method for its attainment is known as well.
In other r:ords, we can note that new knowledge is obtained as a result of the
planning process.(which is analogous. to the case of making operational. decisions).
In this sense, the manager is similar to the researcher-designer, designing a
new technique.
A manager drawing up a plan selects from among different versions, in a sini-
lar fashion to that of a designer, but the criteria of the selections don't
become fixed. They simply add to the experience and knowledge of each individual
manager, allowing him to correctly evaluate a situation in the system. However,
it is known that the emphasis is basically placed on'criteria received through
calculations using reliably measured magnitudes.
Consequently, in a management system the manager on the one hand is a
researcher-experimenter, whose task it is to construct adequate models of the
decision-making process by means-of comparison with actually-occuring processes,
auk!, ofi the other hand, is a constructor, creating a normative nrocedi)re of
decision-making which is effective only wtierl itnf_orces t~,,e rrp#er;i~rtc~c ;rte
t i tT f n elease 2001/11/19 : CIA-RDP79-00798A000200020010-3
Such an approach to the importance and role of the manager in a system of
 ?managerr,entApprovved orlease 2D9 eI/yi~':f-P79~dQ0~~0~~1~`-tae the
method for a controlled experiment, as a means of constructing such a type of
management system.
The essence of the proposed method for a controlled experiment consists
of the following:
1. The decision-making process is a creative activity of the manager,
analogous to the activity of a researcher-designer.
2. The automation of the decision-making process is directed towards
enabling the manager to deal in argtuaents--- expressable in numerical terms and
tp construct alternatives and carry out their evaluation and the selection of
the suitable alternatives; i.3.,, the creation by the manager of a new "instru-
ment" for reinforcing his creative activity.
3. The totality of the system's processes is closed with respect to the
problem being solved by the manager; i.e., the system is that which solves the
problem.
4. The system effects the fixation of a "trajectory" of the decision-making
process.
5. The models of the processes must be visual, constructed according to a
blocking principle, and allow a'set of enquiries of the type "'dhat will happen
if...?" and "What should be done if...?"
The suggested methodology was used in constructing an automated system of
management of the distribution of living space.
The basic-organization for the system is the Administration for the Cal-
culation and Distribution, of Living..Space.
In accordance with the suggested methodology (see point 3), the basic
organization is not considered as an isolated entity, but as an element in a
system dentin? ?ritli the housing situation. T 'his :v-,;t rn iricit a or --raniz at ions
carrying out processes from the planning of the allotment of construction sites
to the act Approves For l5t-i e?I$aose 171''/ 1A &% MA0661d 9be9 taking
place In the system are represented in the form of a hierarchical tree, the top
 13
of which i p~~i@v ~c~c~s ~afll~~111'1 hPi- 6~I~e~R79+ p @$@@~2
The place of the basic organization is determined in the system by a set
of processes officially assigned to it; the importance of the organization is
determined by the importance of the processes in the system and does not depend
upon its administrative status. This allows us to select a single criterion of
evaluation of the activity of all of the organizations: the.., "weight" of their
contribution in the final result of the system.
The processes taking place within the organization are divided into two
categories: routine and creative. The automation of the routine processes pre-
sents only a few technical difficulties, since the alggorithm of their fulfillment
is firmly fixed.
The following elaborations are oriented towards raising the efficiency of
managerial decisions made:
- the methodology of constructing informational-research subsystems oriented
towards the meaaurement of current parameters of the management system;
the model for evaluating long-term requirements depending upon the nature
of operational management decisions;
- the model for evaluating the influence of administrative programs for the
city's development on the condition of the housing problem;
- methods of short-term planning, carried out in the form of a dialogue pro-
cedure between the manager and the computer.
A short description is given below of each elaboration. We will not(that each
subsystem and model can work both autonomously and in a system.
The informational-research subsystem (IRS) has been realized in such fashion
as to allow the manager to quickly and operationally be provided with information
on any parameter of the system for the current period of time.
The informational-research subsystem includes a group of bodies. of information,
a complex of unified documents and regulations for the technological procedures
for the The
list of the basic indices included in the strueturo of the appropriate blocks
 14,
is determi royetlifeod. i3a01itt~a .9:srr 4tDpy9tm7 @2OQ02OOfO-2le systems
models and by the possibility of subsequent correctives in the perfection and
extension of the system's models' possibilities.
The bodies of information consist of the following basic blocks.
Body A - of all persons in the city in need of housing space ;'Body B of
all of the city's housing space available for distributions; Body C - operationrll
data on all those persons who have received housing space in the current year;
Body D - a list of requirements of the applicants for housing space; Body E -- the
yearly plan for the distribution of housing space; Body F - the actual fulfill-
ment of the plan; and several auxiliary bodies organized to satisfy the infor-
mational requirements of.the s;Aste:a's models.
The unification of the documents makes it possible to insert information
into the bodies, as well as to order and standarize the current work of all of
the organizations involved in the solution of the housing problem.
In order to receive the necessary data in the IRS from a manager or model of
the?cystem, an enquiry concerning any totality of data located in the bodies
is received. This enquiry can be presented in any fore; ;which is convenient for
the manager, such as a reference, a report, or a test. An answer to the enquiry
is received in a form analogous to that of the enquiry. Such a sy3tem for
satisfying informational requirements provides for accessibility and operative-
ness for all levels of managers and models of the system. The formulation of
standardized and nonstandardized forms for bookkeeping, accounting, and the
establishment of results does not represent any difficulty.
A model for evaluating long-term requirements makes it possible to dyna-
mically follow changes in the demographic and structural parameters of the ftuni-
lies included in the distribution process arising both are a result of the dis-
~'z".t.u.~.l.).[e a.nd! U.!i.71 ~f3 of L'.L'e rlt~.: .7~
The model consists of two blocks:
.. thAp~4'i~doI~QLT00/1~F'KB~.YPP~~7~9t'9'AA?~2~9~9~a"3 takes into
account demographic factors and movements of the population);
 theq~~6~fe~fF~2691A1/~~'9Saa6o takes
into account the influence of plans and the distribution rules for housing
space).
Taken together, the two blocks make it possible to give a forecasting
evaluation of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the waiting
lists for various intervals of time and to produce evaluations of the various
alternatives for distributing housing space to the people, which in a certain
sense corresponds to the task of managing the waiting list.
It is assumed that the processes for entering and leaving the waiting
list are random and are examined differentially by categories and types of
basic families. At the beginning, the probable characteristics of the process
of entering and leaving the waiting list are found; these are used to deter-
mine recurrent relationships for average deviations in the size of the list,
differentiated by categories and types of families. Calculations are conducted
for one-month periods; their forecasting significance is determined through
linear extrapolation from the current point in'time with a minimum of deviations.
The size of the decrease in the waiting list is found from calculations
using the second block of the distribution model. The basis for the distri-
bution model is the method for determining the quantitative characteristics of
the applicant's need for,improved housing--th? index of need. This method. is
uniform for all applicants. The index of need of each applicant is approximated
using the sum of points allotted according to their characteristics within
established paramaters.
All applicants are ordered by decreasing index of need. The further
modeling of the distribution is carried out taking into account the qualita-
tive and quantitative properties'of the housing available for distribution
and the rules and norms of distribution. The-modeling of the distribution it-
self has a forecasting or evaluative nature for analyzing and selecting the
most appr~~Fr~tV~d~ `~s'~ 201F1a~lCtSU78AD0~tl2000280~s3 gilmont of
.a specific apartment to an applicant, is carried out by the appropriate organ
 endowed V pr t d# d i e 2001/11/19 : CIA-RDP79-00798AA?0200020010-3
Using an imitation model for forecasting the waiting list, a manager has
the possibility, through the analysis of initial information, of producing an
evaluation of the influence, of various alternatives for distribution on the
movement of the list.
The model for evaluating the influence of administrative programs for the
city's development on the condition of the housing problem takes into account
the influence on the problem of providing for changes in the structure of the
population and the available. housing. Both structures are taken to be identical,
in the sense that they constitute a pair of magnitudes. For example, the hou-
sing demolished in the city's iv-,construction is equal to the population of that
housing. In all,, four categories (levels) of available housing and of the popu-
lation are presented.
From one level to another and from the outisde to the levels are intro-
particular forms:
duced flows corresponding to the processes of the natural movement of housing
resources (population) from one level to another (analogous to the Forrester
model of city dynamics) and to the processes created by the programs accepted.
The influence of the programs is evaluated according'to the condition of
the levels before the programs' 'realization and after the programs' impact on
the model.
With the help of this model, the manager can receive evaluations in the
2. How effective distribution programs will be for solving established
tasks, such as the elimination of dilapidated housing, etc. (for example, a
program ftQPp o n H2O 1 iiii4?: CIA-RDP79-00798A000200020010-3
3, Which construction program will make it possible to solve the task of
II the condition of all housing categories (in m2) and of the
iity of people) change given certain programs.: for housing con-
:.struct on and reconstruction and a long-term housing distribution plan in
generalized indices (on the degree of dilapidation, on reconstruction, etc.).
 attaining Approvedd or aisoe'96?/'11 'f91: I~-hb'_M-O6 8~Q,p0Ab0o20cb10-3
The planning of housing distribution is externally simjl r to the task of
distributing resources, but the specific charactoric of the social-economic
processes, described above, does not make it possible, to use the methods of
resource distribution theory. In the case being examined the essence of plan-
ning consists of the following:
- there is a fixed volume of housing space made available in the planning
- the sum of'the'yearly and long-term applications for housing space sig-
nificantly exceeds the volume available for distribution,
.- the quantity of applicants is great enough to make the task visible with
a manual method of planning,.
- construction is carried out through many financial sources and it is
necessary to make calculations for each source,
- there are limitations and priorities in including applicants in the plan,
depending upon existing goals for the allotment of housing,
- the solution of the tasks of effective planning for the city as a whole
must provide for the specific requirements of each applicant for housing.
In connection with this, the complex 'of models for making planning decisions
includes two groups. The first group of models of the yearly volume of planning
realizes the task?of planning the distribution of the entire volume of housing
in accordance with allotment goals and between housing applicants.
The second group of models of quarterly planning makes it possible to assign
the allotted yearly volume of housing space to each applicant - (,-., apartments of
the planning year with an indication of the specific address and a set of the
determined characteristics of the apartments, proceeding from the satisfaction
of tl.r,_' applicant's actual reeds. In this, the citywide, task of keep] n the
assigned apartments as close as possible to the applicant's place of work is
solved. Approved For Release 2001/11/19 : CIA-RDP79-00798A000200020010-3
The dialogue nature of the mod?la consists of the fact that the manager is
 provided w4p)proved~rVw se 2QD1t11Jq&1: C RI~Pv ~i 98F~Qf @$ @~0(~D10 morn
basic '(5-10) limitations given by the rrianagger. The manager conducts the fur-
ther drawing up of the plan by directly changing or fixing individual planning
positions. A dialogue can be conducted both through DISPLAY and through a
printed document.
Planning models rake it possible -or a manager to construct and analyze
a multitude of distribution plans, effectively picking out the faults of the
preceding version.
In this manner, the system examined is implemented as an element of a
system solving the problem and is an instrument of the manager for obtaining
arguments of a calculable nature and the possibility of constructing; alter
natives, evaluating them, and choosing the most suitable one. The system is
closed with respect to the problems solved by the manager and the imitation
models which he uses.
At each stage of his activity, the manager carries out the decision-
making and the system reinforces his professional confidence.
The automation of the decision-making process at any point in the system
is effected by a dialogue between the manager and the imitation models stored
in the computer. In the system, the person making the decision is one of its
active elements and, in connection with this, the possibility arises to in-
troduce the measurability of nonformalized procedures of the decision-making
process. This makes it'possible to further correct and perfect the imitation
models of the system and to adapt them to actual conditions.
Approved For Release 2001/11/19 : CIA-RDP79-00798A000200020010-3
 The Main Sentif ore1Y[ acsle' ~}IIt1719~ eG A~= D~ ~ 079 0 b1v y
Executive ORIMIT e
Report on the Seminar of Soviet-American Specialists. I;oscow, Main SRCC,
7-22 June, 1975.
THE PERFECTION OF TEIE MANAGEMENT OF ,.:GSCO%+'S COI,,?rERCE ON TIIU BASIS OF THE
INTRODUCTION OF AUTOMATED SY3TiM3 OF 2:I::AGEMUNT AND CG::YU ER T'i CiIIi
The Five-Year Plan of Development for the Economy of the USSR for 1971-
1975 made demands for perfecting the system of managing commerce, for the
fullest and most flexible satisfaction of the demand for consumer goods pos-
sible, and for improving commercial services to the public.
The commerce of such a large city as Moscow is, at the present stage, one
of the most complex, varied ands dyr.e.r._cally developing sectors of the city
economy. As the production of goods grows and their variety widens, the volume
of economic information on deliveries, sales.and inventories grows sharply.
Operational management, the organization of the management of of the movement of
goods of retail commerce becomes increasingly complex; at the present time,
the existing level of management of the productive-economic activity of
commercial organizations does not meet the growing needs. Achieving the
rationalization of the management of the commercial process, improving ser-
vice to the public, speeding up the turnover of goods, and increasing the
profits and profitability of commercial organizations and enterprises creates
the necessity of establishing an ASFI in commerce.
The management of the city's commerce is carried 'out within a framework
of rather firm limitations imposed upon trade by the general mechanism of a
socialist planned economy.
Basic among these limitations are :
the sum of money which must be received from the population in a given
time period (the turnover);
- prices for consumer goods;
- con rcr
pproc7
ci ed For ke ease 2001/11/19 CIA-RDP79-00798A000200020010-3
- the quantity of goods of a certain type which are on the market (stocks);
 se 3 ve ~Enr e a i2 1/Afl~1 t 1~- -0 8 P~1~- the
volume of investments, limits on al.lbcations for the managerial apparatus, etc.).
Within the boundaries of the indicated limitations, commerce must carry out
the following functions:
a) determine which goods, and in which quantities, should be delivered
to the commercial sector such that they will bo completely sold and --.ill
guarantee the sector's profitability;
b) organize the receipt of goods from manufacturers and their distribution
throughout the commercial network in those quantities and amounts of tim? which
will. entail the least expense;
C) organize the sale of gdods to the public in such a way that goods
will be available to the public at those places and at that time which will
be most economical for the customer's time.
The introduction of an automated system of management of commerce (AS11C )
will make it possible to .fulfill these functions in the best manner possible;
i.e., to achieve the maximum possible satisfaction of the public's effective
'demand with a given level of production and the budgetary allocations provided
to the commercial sector.
At the present time, five automated systems of management are being de-
veloped for the commercial organizations of the Main Administration of Trade
for Moscow. The work is being conducted in the direction of designing and in-
stalling management systems for the level of department stores, firms, markets,
sectoral and main trade administrations, and wholesale organizations and enter-
prises, with their subsequent unification into a unified system of commerce
management for Moscow.
In view of the fact that the methods of commercial organization, book-
1; GC
nizations have common methods for formulating and processing information, the
basic ori4po Far Ftble 2tOi i9afC1 X62[eft?- AOd2O 6fg tion
creating standardized planning decisions for all of the levels of commercial
 manngemenApproved For Rayease 2001/11/19 : CIA-RDP79-00798A400200020010-3
The basis of the standardized planning _: decisions (SPDs) which are worked
out must be the principle of breaking down the system into its basic parts and
uniting these parts into a unified system.
The standardizing of planning decisions will make it possible to sharply
reduce the expenses for designing and installing systems, accelerate the process
of putting them into operation, raise the quality of planning decisions, auto-
mate the synthesis of systems from standardized modules of tasks, and rai:e the
efficiency of their functioning both within the coyrwiercial system and in-con-
junction with other sectors.
The functional construction of the AS": - for 24.oscow is based on the
assignment of functions in fulfilling procedures characteristic for the city's
commercial management process.
For local ASIX's, provided to more or less homogeneous organizations and
functional structures, subsystems are formulated which are oriented towards
the fulfillment of the tasks of the organization's conventional work: the
.management of the turnover of goods, bookkeeping accounting, personnel manage-
ment, etc.
The following argument is advanced in favor of such a decision:
- in order for the subsystems of the ASMC to be workable and to actually
contribute to the improvement of the management of commerce, they must be
oriented towards concrete jobs. To presuppose that at the stage of its birth
the ASNT will lead to a fundamental breaking up of the existing managerial
apparatus would be utopian: the ASIIIC~ is still too weak for that, and it could not
be permitted that the existing management apparatus should be destroyed
without' having a sufficiently strong one to replace it.
Cons==equently, the subsystems must be chosen such that they are at
or&ented towards the existing functional subdivisions of the commercial manage-
ment appa&PbV6'Aed For Release 2001/11/19 : CIA-RDP79-00798A000200020010-3
Afunctional-organizational. principle is taken as the basis for constructing
 a funetlor prbvedt~m ~e $ /1f9 ~~JPA D J-6~F ~~~ 1~~~1~-3irid the
specialization of the functional subdivisions of commercial organization.
It follows from this that the ASMMiC for Moscow will consist of the following
basic list of subsystems:
- the study and forecasting of demand;
- the management of the turnover of goods;
- the management of the movement of goods;
bookkeeping accounting;
- the management of labor and wages;
- personnel management;
-. the management of financial activity;
- the management of the development of the commercial network and its
material-technical base; -
- the management of material-technical equipment; -
-the informational-reference system.
The enumerated subsystems clearly exclude the term "planning," with the
term "management" being widely interpreted to include control, analysis, plan-
ning, decision-making and bookkeeping.
Today it is justifiable to presume that the development of Moscow's ASh,C
will be based on relatively independent systems, each of which will serve a
group of more or less homogeneous trade organizations and enterprises. Part
of them will be closely tied informationally, but many will be mutually
independent.
The proportional size of each of the functional subsystems and the concrete
tasks of each system will be different.
Thus, it is insufficient to define the functional structure of ASMs such
as the Mloscow ASM simply by listing their functional subsystF,mn. It nh:;; l3
also be defined by a list of the tyres of commercial organizations (enterprises)
of which APRrQ FO JeaSe 244y/1k1~9~~~(t1 i D7 9 ~J8 ~0~ ~241~01~-gai"plea of
tasks peculiar to that type only.
 ' 'ProeA 80e 1 Or ai&,2bb319111/1 Cfi 079 0 $AQPG2909i06w- Poscow
AS? will be understood as that minimal selection of different complexes of
tasks, oriented either towards a particular type of trading organization or
towards a particular function, which in its totality will guarantee the manage-
ment of the city's commercial system.encbmpassed by the Main Administration of
Commerce of the Moscow City Executive Committee.
The functional structure of the AS2ft on the basis of the given definition
is not simple to construct. At the present stage of development it is proposed
to include 8 systems in the Moscow AST_. Of these, 7 are intended to serve
concrete types of organizations and enterprises and one is for general use by
all organizations and buyers (Table 1 ).
Systems Included in the
Tab' 1? -
No. Priori:
a) Systems of commercial organizations and enterprises
1. 1
System of sectoral managements and the
Main Administration of Commerce apparatus
System for industrial goods firms and
department stores
3. 2 System for industrial commerce
4. 1 System for foodstuffs commerce
5. 1 System of management of fruit and vege--
tables organizations
6. 2 System of large-scale industrial goods stores
7. 2 System of large-scale foodstuffs stores and
large self-service stores.
b) System for general use
1. 1 . ? Information-reference system
In developing a complex of tasks and a particular functional subsystem for
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a given system, two demands must be satisfied:
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of systems;
the maximum standardization of planning decisions between different
types of systems.
It should be pointed out that the 8 types of systems enumerated above
do not exhaust all of the possible types which would completely provide for
the automation of the management of the city's commerce. In particular, the
question remains open concerning the necessity of having special systems for
the management of the supplying of the city with particular types of products
such as milk and milk products, meat and meat products, bakery products,
vegetables and fruit. If the problem is organized only within the boundaries
of the formulation of orders fqr the delivery of these types of products,
then it must be reviewed within the framework of the subsystem of the manage-
ment of the movement of goods in the systems of the management of foodstuffs.
If the problem is widened to include questions of the amount of production
and the delivery of goods to stores, then a special interdepartraental system
must be created. It is still unclear as to which departments they should be-
long to; in any case, they go outside of the bounds of a single AS}:'C. At the
present time these problems are being studied and, if necessary, the functional
structure of the ASIt will be supplemented with the necessary quantity of other
systems or functional subsystems.
The work of creating systems for industrial goods firms and department
stores is most advanced in Moscow and Leningrad. Using the experience received
from these and the existing anticipatory work, it is necessary to continue this
work as being of primary importance, having supplemented the tasks of the sub-
systems of bookkeeping accounting with tasks from the subsystems of the manage-
meat of the turnover. of goods, the movement of goods and the forecasting of
demand. The introduction of these complexes of tasks in the 11 f.irris aid
want stores in Moscow whose turnover of goods comprises 50% of the turnover of
industrial goods will make it possible to receive a rather complete picture of
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the commerce in industrial goods. On the basis of the experience received,in.the
 widening ofA 7o ec1 or Release 2001/11/19 : CrA-RDP79 0 98A4802 0020010 3e on AS1,M it will be p, -3iblo to to the introduction of the same tasks in the trade and commerce administrations.
For the second direction of primary importance, it is proposed to select
a complex of tasks providing for the selection and analysis of statistical data
the planning of the turnover of goods. These tasks, first of all, play an
important part in the process of administering trade and, secondly, can be in
troduced in the absence of an extensive network of peripheral structures only
on 6 technical base of information-computer centers. The creation of an automated
system for formulating and analyzing statistical bookkeeping will make it
possible to obtain the informational basis necessary for planning, which is
equally important for the study, of demand and the management. of goods inven-
tories as well. At the same time, a data bank will be formulated for the funct-
ioning of an information-reference system.
The subsystem for managing the turnover of goods must come first, encom-
passing all of the city's commercial organizations.
In the same fashion, subsystems on a citywide scale for managing finan-
oial activity, labor and wages, and personnel can be created almost at once.
The subsystem of bookeeping accounting and of the operational management
.of the movement of goods is directly involved with initial documents and goods.
For introduction on a citywide scale it is necessary to have a significant
quantity of peripheral technical equipment directly in the commercial enter-
prises and marked improvements in the whole procedure for accounting for goods
on their path from producers to consumers, including the development of new
technical means. Therefore, the indicated subsystems will be introduced
successively in individual large enterprises. The length of the introduction
process will be completely determined by the tempo of the delivery of peripheral
means (electronic billing machines and mini-computers).
The sequence of the introduction of the kST,1L is determined taking into
g~ l~'QQM11~ 1 ea RD 9~ 190 2 0 IOS
account in
Anvalnninq and introducing. the ASI?t, by the logical and informational connection
 of tasks ap/~p 1~ ~ Rely e 0 #~1 ~ ~ D g~ 8~i1,D(~182~~ 2~~ U=3ying the
ASMC's demand for technical means and qualified personnel.
At the V rLT ,C ht- time, the following complexes of tasks of primary impor-
tance are being developed and introduced in the system of the Main Administration
of Commerce of the Moscow City Executive Committee:
(A) the complex of tasks of the subsystem "The Management of the Turnover
of Goods," including the tasks of the current and long-term planning of the
turnover of goods by volume and pattern, the current and long-term planning of
guaranteeing goods, operational planning, review and analysis of the fulfillment
of the plan for the wholesale turnover of goods by volume and pattern, and review
and analysis of the fulfillment of the plans for commercial provisions or the
wholesale turnover of goods.
The introduction of the complex of tasks will make it possible to develop
optimal plans of the turnover of goods and guarantees of goods, as well as pro-
viding the directors of the commercial organizations and enterprises with reliable
analytical data on the fulfillment of the plan for the turnover of goods necessary
.for shifting goods resources around and supplying them to stores and commerce
administrations which are not fulfilling the plan for the turnover of goods.
In addition, planning departments are freed from having to carry out work in
collecting and delivering preliminary accounting data to the books and drawing
up various reports, summaries, and information references;
(B) the complex of tasks of the subsystem "The Administration of the Move-
ment of Foodstuffs," consisting of the tasks of the operational accounting for
the fulfillment of wholesale orders for foodstuffs, control over the fulfillment
of delivery contracts, control over the selection of stocks, the operational
accounting for the sale of goods, and the accounting for goods inventories.
The introduction of this complex of tasks will make possibl3 a more:
rhythmic, even delivery of particularly quick-spoiling goods, which will allow
a le sseniApp9gvMM isFA'11Lpas&2 9/f flb iRQO 660 '6f0 _y' ' bread
gets stale, and other products which have to be processed spoil;
 4(
ro ea2eDlkt /19ubCWgDPYgI0 NI the Move-
ment of Industrial Goods," including tasks of the operational accounting for
the movement of industrial goods, control over the fulfillment of delivery con-
tracts, control over the selection of stocks, and the management of goods
inventories.
Thu introduction of this complex of tasks will make it possible to improve
commercial work and economic ties and as a result will speed up the turnover of
goods. Consequently, if goods reach consumers quickly, and if they can be moved
through goods transport channels without delay, then above-normal inventories
will be reduced, the turnover of goods will be increased, and spoilage and
losses of goods will decrease;,
(D) the complex of tasks providing for the centralization and automation
of bills , for goods sold on credit. The introduction of this system on a
citywide level will produce a considerable economy in the personnel engaged
in these operations and will make it possible to decrease long-standing arrears
for credit payments;
(E) the complex of tasks of the information-reference system for opera-
tionally providing commercial directors with data on the basic indices of
the city's commercial organizations and enterprises;
(F) the complex of tasks of the subsystem of the study and forecasting
of demand.
The technical base for introducing the enumerated complexes of tasks in
Moscow's wholesale commerce system should be a single, high-capacity Infor-
mational-Computer Center with one or two branches and a network of bases in
commercial organizations and enterprises. This will make. it possible to con-
centrate mathematicians, programmers and repair work in one high-capacity
centers which will significantly increase the efficiency of the use of tech-
nical equipment and accelerate.the development and introduction of the ASM
in the c iop?Farddelease 2001/11/19 : CIA-RDP79-00798A000200020010-3
The indicated complexes of tasks are at various stages of active planning
 and instal]_ pR)"Rv jFp2 aser M14M 9luMtRD 7-00719'8 0200020010-3
In the fuiture, subsequent groups of tasks will be developed, making it
possible to draw up optir:ial orders for industry,;operationally manage the
movement of goods and the. commercial network and its material-technical base,
as well as other tasks of the ASit,
The further perfection of the management of the city's commerce on the
basis of the installation of ASMs and computer techniques will allow the pu'o-
lic of 14oscow to receive all the information necessry on the existence of goods
and services in commercial enterprises, both in the form of answers to residents'
enquiries and in the form of active suggestions with the aid of special technical
means of mass information.
Director,
Informational-Computer Center of the ::aim Administration of
Commerce of the Moscow City Executive Com ittee, A. I. Vedeneyev
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
(sT4
(In English Translation, unless otherwise noted)
I. TRANSPORTATION
1. Alekseyev, V. L. "Basic Tendencies in the Creation of an Automated
System of Management by Glavmosavtotrans." 5pp; Moscow,
April 1975.
A report on the use of automated systems of management by the
Main Administration of Automative Transportation of the Moscow
City Council Executive Committee.
2. Antoshvili, M. E. ; Varelopulo, G. A. ; Khrushchev, M. V.
"Organizatsia Gorodskikh Autobilsnikh Perevozok s Primeneniyem
Matematicheskikh Metodov i I.B.M." (The Organization of Urban
Auto Transport With The Application of Mathematical Methods
and Computers) - Russian Text only - 103 pp; Moskva Transport,
Moscow 1974.
This book presents the mathematical details of the author's
research into the field of urban transportation modeling.
3, Brailovskii, N.O. "Models of Management of Transport Flows in Cities,"
2 pp, Moscow, April 1975.
Some thoughts regarding the problems of managing traffic flow in
cities.
4. Ivanov, V. N. "The Necessity for Determining the Limiting Conditions
of Application and the Maximum Parameters of Computer Complexes-
for Providing Traffic Safety." 10 pp;
An examination of the dialectical essence of highway traffic as
an instructional, controlling, controllable system with a sig-
nificant usefulness and a certain cost. A traffic accident is con-
sidered to be a breakdown of this system, and automated methods
to prevent and control such breakdowns are discussed.
5. Kaftaniuk, Iu. A. "The Role of the Computer Center in the Management
of Passenger Transport of a Large City." 5 pp; Moscow,
April 1975.
An overview of the operational activities of the Main Computer
Center of the Ministry of Autotransport of R.S. F. S. R. (Russian
Federation). The center provides planning, analytic and research
services in support of passenger transportation agencies of
cities in the Russian Republic.
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2,, m, Adill
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A
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Kerov, I. P. "Problems of Automated Systems of Management of
Passenger Transport in Large Cities." 11 pp; Moscow, April
1975.
A broad analysis of specific tasks which must of necessity be
performed prior to the development of an effective automated
management system for urban passenger transportation.
Khrushchev, M. V. "Methods of Selection of Optimal Schemes of
Municipal Bus Routes With The Help of Computers" 4 pp;
Moscow, April 1975.
A description of the optimal bus routing computer algorithm
developed in part by the author, including system parameters,
definitions and output.
8. Kim, K. V. "The Automation of Management of Freight Auto Transport".
4 pp; Moscow, April 1975.
A description of the author's research at the Central Economics
and Mathematical Institute in developing an automated manage-
ment system for the Moscow Main Administration of Auto Transport.
9. Kleiner, B. S. "The Perfection of Management of Production in an
Autotransport Combine." 7 pp; Moscow, April 1975.
A description of the management structure and information needs
in an "Autocombinat'.', or "truck pool", and the author's work
in developing an automatic management system for such an
organization.
10. Krivko, A. I. "The Processing of Information on Passenger Flow of a
City and Research on The Dynamics of Passenger Flows on
Computers". 3 pp; Moscow, April 1975.
Data needs for the effective analysis of urban transport passenger
flows.
11. Krupnik, B. Sh.;Varelopulo, G. A.; "Raschetnie Metod; Opedyelenia
Strukturi Passayhiropotokov I Sostavlyenye Marshrytnikh
Raspisanii Dvizhenia Gorodskikh Autobusov s Pomoshchyu IBM"
(Calculating Methods of Defining the Structures of Passenger
Flow and the Composition of Route Schedules of Urban Buses with
the Aid of Computers) - Russian Text only - 22 pp. Ministry of
Auto Transport, Russian Federation, Moscow, 1975.
This publication describes the mathematical basis of the author's
research into the modeling of urban bus passenger transportation.
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 Approved For Rel a 2001/11/19: CIA-RDP79-00198A00[Iy 0020010-3
12. Legostaev, E. A.; Maleev, B.B.; "Automated System of Control of
the Moscow Subway". 9 pp.; Moscow, April 1975.
A description of the composition of the Moscow Metro and plans
for automated operation including train control, escalator
control, microclimate control, passenger control and main-
tenance.
13. L'vin, M. E. "The Application of Computer Technology to the
Management of Motor Transport for General Use". 9 pp.;
Moscow, April 1975.
A description of the automatic system of management for motor
transport in the RSFSR (Russian Republic), including its
structure and stages of development.
14. Oleinik, Iu. A. "Basic Directions of Work in the Perfection of
Management of Freight Automotive Transport". 13 pp., Moscow,
April 1975.
A discussion of the auto Transport goals of the Soviet Union
and the means of achieving them, including the means of shifting
from the application of econometric methods of solving local
transport problems to the creation of an all-union system of
transport planning and management based on advanced methods
and computer systems.
15. Podkladov, Yu. S. "The Operational Planning of Freight Conveyances
with the Aid of Computers" 3 pp., Leningrad, April 1975.
A description of efforts by the Leningrad Administration of
Auto-Transport to improve freight transport services by local
enterprises.
16. Podkladov, Yu. S. "The Planning of the Work of Buses on Their Routes"
9 pp., Leningrad, April 1975.
A description of efforts by the Leningrad Administration of
Auto-Transport to develop automated control of the bus system
in Leningrad.
17. Podkladov, Yu. S. "The System of Centralized Receiving, Carrying
Out, and Accounting of Orders for Taxis from the Population:"
7 pp; Leningrad, April 1975.
A description of the centralized automated taxi control system
of the Leningrad Administration of Auto-Transport.
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18. Shcheglov, G. S. "On the Joint Use of Conceptions of Information
19.
Languages, Integrated Data Processing and the Data Bank in
Automated Systems Management of a Large Auto-transport Combine"
6 pp.; Moscow, April 1975.
Technical analysis of several problems encountered in the de-
velopment of an automated management system for an "autocombinat"
(truck pool).
Shumilov, N. P. "The Automated System of Dispatcher Control of
Taxis in the City of Moscow" 15 pp.; Moscow, April 1975.
A description (with diagrams) of the central automatic taxi
dispatch system being installed in Moscow.
20. Sinitskii, A. Z. "The Application of Economic-Mathematical Methods
and of Computer Technology in Glavmosavtotrans (The Moscow
Main Administration for Auto Transport)." 6 pp., Moscow,
April 1975.
An overview of the operations of the computing center of the
Main Administration for Auto Transport of the Moscow City Council.
21. Varelopulo, G. A. "The Design of a Schedule of Motion of Rolling
Stock on Computers" 5 pp.; Moscow, April 1975.
A statement of the problem of timetable development for urban
passenger transportation, alternate approaches to solution and
parameters of the selected method.
22. Zhitkov, V. A. "The Automated System of Operational Planning of
Freight Auto Transport:" 4 pp.; Moscow, April 1975.
Outline of a system developed at the Central Economic - Mathematical
Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences for the solution of routing
deliveries from one sender to up to 1000 out of a potential 2000
receivers.
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11. TOPIC 3 _PROJECT DRAE- REPORTS
Main Scientific Research Computing Center of the Moscow City
Executive Committee. "A Description of the System of City
Administration in Moscow." 259 pp.; Moscow, June 1975
A draft version of comprehensive description of Moscow, its
physical characteristics, governmental system, current and
planned management methods. Chapters include:
1. General Description of the City
2. Contemporary Status of the City
3. The Structure of the Organization of City Administration
4. The City Budget
5. The Status of the City Administrative Organs
6. The Functions of the Organs of City Administration
7. Party Guidance of City Administration
8. The Sphere of City Services
9. The Systems Approach to the Administration of the City
10. The Basic Principles for Formulating the Methodology of
Evaluating the Efficiency of the Administration of the
Unified Development of the City
Appendix A. The Perfection of Scientific City Management
Appendix B. Long Term Forecasting of Capital Investments in
the Development of Branches of City Economy.
2. Main Scientific Research Computing Center of the Moscow City Executive
Committee, "Characterization of Municipal Systems of Data Processing
(Registered Technological Characteristics of Automated Management
Systems of Municipal Services)." 63 pp+-; Moscow, June 1975.
A preliminary inventory of applications of computers to the manage-
ment of the Moscow city government, with detailed descriptions of
several systems. Chapters include:
1. Paths of development of automation of the manage-
ment of municipal services of the city of Moscow.
2. Basic technological characteristics of automated
management systems of municipal services of the city
of Moscow.
3. Projected solutions for automated systems of manage-
ment of municipal services: a. material-Technological supply
b. construction-the Central Moscow
Building Agency
4. The economic effectiveness of automation of management
of municipal services of the city of Moscow.
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Main Scientific Research Computing Center of the Moscow City
Executive Committee. "Description of the Standard Methods of
Design Development and Implementation of Large Automated Systems
for Data Processing for the Needs of the City Management Authorities."
100 pp.; Moscow, June 1975.
A comprehensive manual for the development of management systems in
Moscow, including detailed procedures to be followed, problems en-
countered and future planned expansion. Chapters include:
1. Introduction.
2. Methodological Basis of the Project Research.
3. Methodological Basis of the Analysis of the Forms and
Volumes of the Documents Subject to Automated Processing.
4. Structure and Forms of the Documents for the Technical
Project of the AMS.
5. Order of the Implementation of the AMS.
6. Existing Procedure for the Assembly of the Technical
Equipment for the Data Processing.
7. Methodological Basis for the Evaluation of the Economical
Effect of the AMS.
8. Problems of the Organization and the Management of the
Large Automated Data Banks.
9. Problems of the Data Communications in the Automated
Systems for Data Processing.
10. Order of the Development of the Large Problems.
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III. OTHER REPORTS AND MATERIALS
1. The USSR Union of Architects
The Effect of Municipal Environment on the Satisfaction and
Progressive Needs of the People" 144 pp. - Russian Text only,
Leningrad, 1974.
Proceedings of the conference "Leningrad - 2000" sponsored by
the USSR Union of Architects.
2. The Main Administration for Construction of the Moscow City Council,
"5,000,000 Squre Meters of Living Area - for Moscovites" 23 pp;
Russian Text only - Moscow, 1971.
A pamphlet describing the organization and activities of
Glavmostroi, the Main Administration for Construction of the
Moscow City Council, including organization charts, plans, and
pictures.
3. Kim, K. V. "Ob Effektivnocti Algoritmov Reshenia Dvukhkompon -
yentnikh Zadach Lineinovo Programmipovania" (On the Effective-
ness of Decision Algorithms in Linear Programming Problems of
Two Components) - Russian Text only - llpp. in "Ekonomika i
Ma.tematicheskiye Metodi" of the USSR Academy of Science, Moscow,
1974.
4. Posokhin, M. V. "Perspective Development of Moscow" from Zdanie
magazine, 6/73; 32 pp.; Russian Text only.
A description of the general plan for the development of Moscow
during the remaining yearstof this century.
5. Poliak, G. -B. Sofronova, E. V.; "The General Plan and Budget of
Moscow." 111 pp.; Moscow, 1973.
A description of the general plan for Moscow through 1980, in-
c-luding current and future budget expenditures necessary to
achieve the planned development. Sections include:
I. The General Plan for the Development of Moscow and
the Municipal Budget
II. Basic Tendencies in the Development of Moscow's Economy
and Budgetary Expenses
.III. The Development of the Basic Branches of the Moscow
Economy and the Budgetary Income
Tkachenko, P.M.; Naumov, S. I. ; Loginov, A.A. ; Andreev, E. V.
"The Control System for Implementing Decisions of the Executive
Committee of the Moscow City Council." 13 pp.; Moscow, 1974.
A description of the automated management system "SIGNAL" de-
developed by the Main Scientific Research Computing Center of
the Moscow City Council for the control of the implementation
of decisions of the Executive Committee of the Council.
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7. Ullas, N. N. "New General Plan for the Development of Moscow."
24 pp.; - Russian Text only - Moscow, 1973
A review of the development of Moscow from the Revolution
to 1973 and a discussion of anticipated development under
the general plan.
8. Complete organization chart'of the Moscow municipal government.
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National Bureau of Economic Research
1750 New York Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20006
U.S.-U.S.S.R. Scientific and Technical Program of Cooperation
in the Field of Application of Computers to Management
PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED: JUNE-AUGUST 1974
Topic 1
Econometric Modeling (development of forecasting
models for analysis of various branches of the economy)
Aganbegfan, Abel G. and Bagrinovskii, Kirill A. The System of Optimal
Intersectoral Models. Novosibirsk: 1970. 18 pp.
Paper presented at the Fifth International Conference on Input-
Output Techniques. The authors discuss the interaction between four
types of models in an interconnected system. The four types are:
dynamic models of inter-industry relations of the national economy,
models of allocation of manpower over large economic regions, models of
long-run planning of programmed complexes and separate industries of
the. national economy, and models of separate economic territorial units.
Ekonomika i Matematicheskie Metody, IX, no. 2, 3, 4, 6 (1973) X, no. 1, 2
(1974) Moskva: Nauka. ?
,(Economics and Mathematical` Methods)
The journal, published through the Economics and Mathematics
Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, began publication in 1965
and comes out six times a year. It contains sections on theoretical
and methodological problems of planning and management, macroeconomic
modeling, regional planning and management, enterprise planning and
management, enterprise planning and management methods, etc. Includes
contents notes in English.
MATEKON; Translations of Russian and East European Mathematical Economics, VII,
no. 2 (Winter, 1970-71) White Plains, N. Y.: International Arts and
Sciences Press.
This issue contains unabridged translations from Ekonomika i
Matematicheskie Metody of 1970. Included are articles on modeling of
economic growth, model of capital dynamics, demographic-economic fore-
casting, one-product national economic development model, etc.
'Matematicheskie Metody Resheniia Ekonomicheskikh Zadach. Sbornik 3. Moskva:
Nauka, 1972. 223 pp.
(Mathematical Methods of Solving Economic Problems)
Collection of selected papers submitted to the editors of Ekonomika
i Matematicheskie Metody. Includes sections on linear programming, discrete
programming, statistical methods, and modeling of management processes.
Matematicheskie Metody Resheniia Ekonomicheskikh Zadach. Sbornik 5. Moskva:
Nauka, 1974. 164 pp.
(Mathematical Methods of Solving Economic Problems)
Collections of selected papers submitted to the editors of Ekonomika
i Matematicheskie Metody. Papers on linear, convex, non-linear and integer
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programming are grouped in the section on mathematical programming.
The second section contains papers on calendar planning, dynamic
programming, network organizations, time-tables and distribution.
The concluding section deals with various aspects of the functioning
of economic systems, theory and modeling of management processes and
automated systems of management.
Moiseev, Nikita Nikolaevich. Matematicheskie Modeli Ekonomicheskoi Nauki.
Matematika, Kibernetika, 1. Moskva: Znanie, 1973. 63 pp.
(Mathematical Models in Economics)
The work begins with description of two classic models of Carl
Marx--models of cost and of expanded production. Next several single-
and multi-branch models of growth are discussed. The booklet concludes
with a brief elaboration on problems involved in building a system of
models.
Sub-topic 1.1
Econometric-mathematical modeling--development of
methods and models for forecasting, planning, and
decision-making at the national economic level.
Bagrinovskii, Kirill Andreevich, ed. Matematicheskie Metody v Ekonomike
(Modelirovanie i Reshenie Zadach) 'Novosibirsk: Nauka, Sibirskoe
Otdelenie, 1968. 169 pp.
(Mathematical Methods in Economics; Modeling and Problem Solving)
A collection of papers by Aganbegian and others on application of
mathematical methods to various branches of the economy. Some of the
topics dealt with are equal distribution of resources, probability in
forecasting, maximization of profits and economic equilibrium.
D' achenko, V. Econometry, the Market and Planning. Moscow: Novosti Press
Agency Pub. House, 1971. 127 pp.
The booklet deals with the use of mathematics and computers in the
analysis, management and planning of the Soviet economy. A very general
discussion.
Gubin, Boris. Raising the Efficiency of Socialist Economic Management.: Moscow:
Novosti Press Agency Pub. House, 1973. 111 pp.
Plans for improvement and increased efficiency of the economy
are described. Improvement of economic management is seen as the most
important aspect of economic policy. Extensive application of econometric
methods and wide use of computers and business machines is anticipated.
Novozhilov, Viktor Valentinovich. Voprosy Razvitifa Sof`sialisticheskoi Ekonomiki.
Moskva: Nauka, 1972. 327 pp.
(Issues in Development of Socialist Economy)
Collection of the author's selected works written between 1923 and
1970. Included are essays dealing with application of mathematical
methods to optimal planning and management of national economy and to
determination of effectiveness of new technology.
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Sub-topic 1.1.1.
Models and methods for.long?.range
(15-20 year) economic forecasting
Aganbegfan, Abel G. An Optimal Approach in Long-Range Planning. Novosibirsk:
Institute of Economics and Organization of Industrial Engineering,
Siberian Branch of. the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1972. 19
pp.
Paper presented at the International Conference on Long-Range
Planning and Forecasting, Moscow, 11-16 December, 1972. A general
description of the approach to*long-range planning.
Aganbeg:an, Abel G., Bagrinovskii, Kirill A., and Granberg, Aleksandr G.
Sistema Modeler Narodno-Khozfaistvennogo Planirovanifa. Moskva: Mysl', 1972.
:(A.System of Models of National Economic Planning) 351 pp.
The authors analyze a system of models for long-term optimal planning
of national economy. The models were worked out by the economists of the
Siberian Division of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Significant space
also devoted to discussions of regional models.
Akademii. Nauk SSSR. TSental'nyi Ekonomiko-Matematicheskil Institut. TSelevaia
Stadiia Planirovanii'a i Problem, Prini'atiia Sof'sial'no-Ekonomicheskikh
Reshenii. Moskva, 1972. 306 pp.
(Goal-Oriented Stage of Planning and Problems in Acceptance of Socio-
Economic Decisions)
The first half of the book contains papers devoted to analysis of
various stages of goal-oriented planning. The second part includes
examination of concepts and methods utilized in goal-planning. The
collection attempts to bring to light major problems involved in such
planning and to map out, measures for their solution and incorporation
into planning 69 national economy.
Men'shikov, Stanislav M. Problem
Modeler; Modelirovanie Ekonomiki SSHA. Novosibirsk: Akademiia Nauk SSSR,
Sibirskoe Otdelenie, Institut Ekonomiki i Organizafsii Promyshlennogo
Proizvodstva, 1971. 329 pp.
(Problems Involved in Building and Utilization of Models of National Economies;
Modeling of US Economy)
Models for long-range economic forecasting of the US are described
and discussed.
Smirnov, Aleksandr D. Modelirovanie i Prognozirovanie Sofsialisticheskogo
Vosproizvodstva. Moskva: Ekonomika, 1970. 214 pp.
(Modeling and Forecasting of Socialist Reproduction)
Interbranch models of socialist reproduction on an extended scale
are examined. Methods for long-range forecasting of structural economic
indicators are presented and results of experimental calculations are given.
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Sub-topic 1.2.
Econometric-mathematical modeling-development
of methods and models for forecasting, planning,
and decision-making at the level of various bran-
ches (major divisions--agriculture, mining,
manufacturing and industries) of the economy.
Bagrinovskil, Kirill A. and Berliand, E. L., eds. Matematicheskii Analiz
Ekonomicheskikh Modelei. Chast' 1. Novosibirsk: Akademiia Nauk SSSR,
Sibirskoe Otdelenie, Institut Ekonomiki i Organizatsii Promyshlennogo
Proizvodstva, 1971. 199' PP.
(Mathematical Analysis of Economic Models)
Among topics discussed in this collection of papers are: methods
of building coordinated territorial production systems, solving the
problems in management of multi-sectoral economy, non-linear model of
resource distribution, methods for solving problems in maximization of
profits, model of production equilibrium, and other cases of application
of mathematics to economics.
Ispirian, Georgil P. and Roahok, Vladimir D. Matematicheskie Metody v Planirovanii
i Upravlenii na Predpriiatiiakh Legkoi Promyshlennosti. Kiev: Tekhnika, 1974.
(Mathematical Methods in Planning and Management of Light Industry) 298 pp.
The authors present econometric models for solving problems of
organization, planning and management of light industry. Determination;of
optimal assortment of products, optimal utilization of raw materials,
management of reserves and calendar planning are discussed. Special
attention given to methodology of building econometric models and to
analysis of concrete problems. The given methods are seen as contributing
toward automated management systems which are now being intensively
worked on in the field of light industry.
Maksimov, Gennadii T. Izuchenie Sistemy Gorodskikh Poselenii BSSR Metodami
Matematicheskoi Statistiki. Minsk: Nauka i Tekhnika., 1972. .1 50 pp.
(A Study of the System of Urban Settlements of the Belorussian Soviet
Socialist Republic by Means of Mathematical Statistics
The book is published through the Economics Institute of the Belorussian
Soviet Socialist Republic. In it systems analyses of city settlements are
examined. Algorithms of multi-measured analysis and unit-network of pro-
grams for calculations on computer "Minsk-22" are presented. Parameters
of the structures of the city systems are defined. A complex classification
system for the cities of Belorussia is worked out.
Ushatskil, Sergei A. Vybor Optimal'nykh Reshenil v Upravlenii Stroitel'nym
Proizvodstvom. Kiev: Budivel'nyk, 1974. 168 pp.
(Choosing Optimal Decisions in the Management of Construction Industry)
With the aid of econometric methods the book sets forth methodology
for problem solving in management of construction industry. Major part
of the book is devoted to discussion of plans for construction and
assembly work, calculation of standard reserves, as well as to optimal
utilization of material and financial resources.
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Sub-topic 1.2.1.
Models and methods for long-range planning,
programming, and forecasting at the sector
or sub-sector level.
Akademiia Nauk SSSR. Sibirskoe Otdelenie. Institut Ekonomiki i Organizatsii
Promyshlennogo Proizvodstva. Reports to the IX Congress of the World
Association of Regional Science Copenhagen, 1969. Novosibirsk:
Nauka, 1969. 61 pp.
Three papers are included: "The Development of Regional Science in
Siberia," by A. G. Aganbegian, "Combining Branch and Territorial Plan-
ning by Applying Optimal Production Transportation Models," by D. M.
Kazakevich, and "The Definition of the Scheme of Industrial Dislocation
Within a Restricted Territory," by M. K. Bandman and V. S. Zverev.
Iakovenko, Evgenii G. Upravlenie Ekonomicheskimi Parametrami Razvitifa Proizvodstva.
Moskva: Nauka, 1973. 174 pp.
(Management of Economic Parameters of Production Growth)
Questions of increased production, technical and economic planning
and production and adaptation of new products in machine-building industry
are discussed. The basis for the suggested process for planning is a
system of models of management of growth parameters and of improvement
of production effectiveness worked out by the author. The functioning
of this system is envisioned in automated systems of management of
enterprise, as well as in traditional mode of management.
Poliak, Georgii B. and Sofronova, Evdokifa V. General'nyi Plan i Bfudzhet
Moskvy. Moskva: Finansy, 1973. 92 pp.
(The General Plan and Budget of Moscow)
Long-term plans for the development of Moscow and its budget are
discussed. The authors present the general plan to 1980 and the projected
constructions plans to year 2000. The indicators of the major branches
of the city's management are analyzed.
Sub-topic 1.3.
Econometric-mathematical modeling--development
of methods and models for forecasting, planning,
and decision-making at the level of firms
and enterprises.
Akademifa Nauk SSSR. TSentral'nyi Ekonomiko-Matematicheskii Institut. Kompleks
Modeler Operativno-Proizvodstvennogo Planirovanifa Na Predprifatii.
-
Moskva, 1972. 74 pp.
(A Complex of Models of Operation and Production Planning of Enterprise)
Optimization of the system of internal planning and management of
a factory and building of a complex of corresponding econometric models,
is the subject of this work. The authors build and analyze an optimization
model which describes the entire system. The work was conducted by the
Group on Optimal Micromodeling from the Institute's Laboratory.on
Methodology of Automated Systems of Management.
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Antoshvili, Mikhail E., Varelopulo, Georgii A and Khrushchev, Mikhail V.
Organizatsifa Gorodskikh Avtobusnykh Perevozok s Primeneniem Matematicheskikh
Metodov i EVM. Moskva: Transport, 1974. 101 pp.
(Application of Mathematical Methods and Computer Analysis to Organization
of City Bus Transportation)
Mathematical methods and computer analysis as applied in organization
and planning of a city bus transport system are discussed in this work.
Studies of passenger flow, determination of bus routes and questions of
management are considered.
Sub-topic 1.4. .
Development of methods, languages, computer
programs, and algorithms for use in econometric
giodeling (including solutions for block-recursive
and econometric systems)
Dubovskii, S. V., et al. Matematicheskoe Opisanie Elementov Ekonomiki. Moskva:
Institut Problem Upravleniia, 1973. 2 vols.
Mathematical Description of Elements in Economics)
The work attempts to create a standard universal mathematical
descriptor system of elements in economics, with the goal of facilitating
universal mathematical methods of solving problems of planning and
creating a universal information system.
Sub-topic 1.5.
Development of methods, languages, and
computer programs for the collection, storage
and maintenance of data on the functioning of
the economy, sectors, industries, and enterprises
(including data on physical systems and attributes,
such as capacity, which influence economic conditions)
Akademiia Nauk SSSR. TSentral'nyl! Ekonomicheskir Matematicheskii Institut.
Metody Unifikatsii Upravlencheskol Dokumentatsii. Moskva, 1972. 45 pp.
(Methods of Unification of Management Documentation)
A term "document" is defined as a determined aggregation of information
utilized in solving economic problems. The work examines the following
methods of documentation of economic management: matrix method, network
planning and management and adaptation of integrated systems for generating
data.
Fedorenko, NikolaT P., ed. IAzyki Ekonomicheskogo Upravleniia i Proektirovaniia
Sistem. Moskva: Nauka, 1973. 151 pp.
(Language of Economic Planning and Management)
Published through the Section on Economic Cybernetics of the
Academy's Economics and Mathematics Institute, this collection of papers
is devoted to methods of analysis and perfection of the language of
economic management. The utilization of management languages in systems
of data processing and in planning automated systems of management is
examined.
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Katkov, Vladislav L. and Rar, Aleksandr F. Programmirovanie na IAzyke EPSILON.
Novosibirsk, Nauka 1972. 60 pp.
(Programming in Computer Language EPSILON)
Computer language EPSILON, Developed at the Comptuer Center
of Siberian Division of the Academy of Sciences in 1966-67, is described.
Recommendations for its use and. examples of programs written in the
language are given.
Shemakin, IUrii I. Tezaurus v Avtomatizirovannykh Sistemakh Upravleniia i
Obrabotki Informafsii. Moskva: Voennoe Izd-vo Ministerstva Oborony SSSR,
1974. 187 pp.
(Thesaurus of Automated Systems of Management and Information Handling)
Methodology for thesori compilation and rules for thesori utilization
are presented. The use of thesori in manual and automated indexing is
described.
Topic 2.
Computer Analysis Applied to the
Economics and Management of Large Systems
Ignatov, Vladimir A., Man'shin, Geral'd G. and Kostanovskii, Valerii V. Elementy
Teorii Optimal'nogo Obsluzhivanifa Tekhnicheskikh Izdelii Minsk:
Nauka i Tekhnika, 1974. 190 pp.
(Elements of Optimal Servicing Theory of Hardware)
Servicing of hardware depending on its condition is described.
Reliability of the elements in steady-state as well as in non-steady state
regimes is analyzed. Optimization of individual and group preventive
servicing of the elements and management of the technical servicing systems
are discussed.
Upravliaiushchie Sistemy i Mashiny. no. 1 (1973) Kiev: Organ Kiberneticheskogo
TSentra Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoi SSR. 141 pp.
(Management Systems and Machinery)
English abstracts of the papers are included. All contributions deal
with automated systems of management.
Sub-topic 2.1.
Modeling of physical systems - such as
transport, energy, or communications networks -
through computer simulation
Akademiia Nauk SSSR. TSentral'nyi Ekonomiko-Matematicheskil Institut.
Avtomatizirovannye Sistemy U ravlenii-a Pred riiatiiami. Moskva:
Nauka, 1972. 214 pp.
(Automated Systems of Enterprise Management)
The work suggests measures worked out at the TSEMI for the develop-
ment and installation of automated systems of management in industrial
enterprise.
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Akademiia Nauk SSSR. TSentral'ny'f Ekonomiko-Matematicheskii Institut.
Metodicheskie Rekommendatsii Po Sovershenstvovaniiu Sistemy Upravleniia
Deiatel'nost'iu Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Uchrezhdenii.a Na Osnove
Sozdaniia Avtomatizirovannoi Sistemy Upravleniia. Moskva, 1973. 53 pp.
(Recommendations on the Methods of Creating an Automated System of Management
at a Scientific Research Institution
The book suggests ways of increasing effectiveness in mangement of
the TSEMI and proposes an approach for automating the management system at
the Institute.
Dobroliubov, Anatolii I. and Akunovich, Stanislav I. Avtomatizatsiia..Proektirovaniia
Sistem Upravleniia Tekhnologicheskimi Mashinami. Moskva: Mashinostroenie,
1974. 223 pp.
(Automation of Planning Systems of Management With Technology)
The book deals with problems of automation in specific areas of
planning in engineering--planning, analysis and drafting of charts for
operating technology equipment. Electrical and hydraulic relay-contact
systems of operation of'machinery are examined. The major emphasis of the
work is on practical application of methods set forth.
Kandaurov, Nikola1 N. and Shimanskii, Kaz.imir A. Printsipy Sozdaniia Otraslevykh
ASU. Minsk: Izd-vo BGI, 1974. 128 pp.
(Principles for Developing Automated Systems of Management at the Branch
Level of Management)
Major principles for development of automated management systems at,
the branch level are discussed. Prerequisites to these systems, problems in
improving their management, classification of systems of management, stages
of development,.construction of projects, principles for typification of
project decisions, classification of functions and technical, mathematical
and informational provisions are discussed.
Levin, Iosif B. Tekhniko-Ekonomicheskoe Planirovanie v ASUP. Minsk: Nauka i
Tekhnika, 1974. 317 pp.
(Technical and Economic Planning for Automated Systems of Management of
Enterprise).
The book sets forth the major problems involved in building econometric
models of planned accounts in enterprise andthe' integration of these
models into an automated sub-system of technical and economic planning of
automated system of management of enterprise. Special attention is
paid to applications of computers in technical and economic planning.
Sub-topic 2.2.
Defining, characterizing (e.g. scaling)
and deriving models that adequately rep-
resent the economic environment within which
particular systems operate (including economic-physical
interactions and influences)
Sadovnikov, Vladimir I. and Epshtein, Vladimir L. Potoki Informafsii v Sistemakh
Upravleniia. Moskva: Energiia, 1974. 238 pp.
(Information Flow in Management Systems)
The book examines basic. problems involved in description and
analysis of information flow. A formulated method is examined and an
example of its use in planning an automated information system is
presented.
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Subtopic 2.4.
Development of methods for the solution of large-scale
mathematical programming problems--linear, non-linear, and
integer--static and dynamic, of the type commonly encountered
in modeling large physio-economic systems
Kharatishvili, Guram L., et al. Abstraktnaia Variatsionnaia Teoriia i Ee
-Primeneniia k 0ptimal'nym Zadacham s Zapazdyvaniiami. Tbilisi: Mef'sniereba,
1973. 108 pp.
(Abstract Variational Theory and its Application to Optimization Problems
with Time Lags)
The work proves the quasi-convexity of filters which allows for
obtainment from the necessary conditions of criticality the necessary
conditions of optimality in the form of the principle of maximum for
optimal problems containing time-lags in phased coordinators as well as
in management.
Kotov, V. E. Preobrazovanie Operatornykh Skhem v Asinkhronnye Programmy.
Novosibirsk: Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie, 1971. 29 pp.
(Transformation of Operational Schemes into Asynchronous Programs) .
The thesis examines two models of computation--a model of sequential
computation and a model of parallel asynchronous computation. The work
ascertains the existence of an algorithm which transforms any object
operational scheme into maximal asynchronous general A-programs which
calculate these schemes.
Kravchenko, Tat'iana K. Profess Prinzatila Planovykh Reshenii [Tnformatsionnye
Modeli]. Maskva: Ekonomika, 1974. 181 pp.
(The Process of Adopting Planning Decisions [Information Models])
The book analyzes and builds models of processes of making planning
decisions within the bounds of automated systems of planning.
Narin'iani, A. S. Asinkhronnye Vychislitel'nye Protsessy nad Pamiat'iu.
Novosibirsk: Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie, 1971. 21 pp.
(Asynchronous Computing Processes on Memory)
In this thesis the author investigates questions, resulting from
examination of certain.non-algorithmic parallel programs and systems.
model of a parallel computing process is introduced.
Narin'fani, A. S. Looking for an Approach to a Theory of Models for Parallel
Computation. Novosibirsk: Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie, 1972,43 pp
The paper, presented at-the Symposium on Theoretical programming,
Novosibirsk, 1972, emphasizes the necessity of creating a metaapparatus
for classifying and comparing individual models. A version of such an
apparatus is offered.
Zatsev, Nikolai G. Matematicheskoe Obespechenie Avtomatizirovannykh Sistem
Upravlenifa. Nauka Upravleni a, 5. Moskva: Znanie, 1974. 64 pp.
(Software of Automated Systems of Management)
The author examines the structure and major components of computer
software of automated systems of management. Important problems common to
many systems are mentioned and programs for their solution are suggested.
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Other related material:
Abramovich, K. G., comp. The H drometeorolo ical Research Centre of the USSR.
Leningrad: Hydrometeorological Publishing House, 1970. 42 pp-
The booklet outlines the major activities of the USSR Hydrometcentre.
A chart demonstrating the hierarchical structure of the center is inserted.
Akademiia Nauk SSSR.. Institut Ekonomiki. Planirovanie i U ravlenie Narodn
Khozi.aistvom v Sotsialisticheskikh Stranakh. Moskva: Mysl' 1969. 389 PP-
(Planning and Management of National Economies in Socialist Countries)
The book summarizes the methods of planned management of national
economies of socialist countries. Special attention devoted to the
theoretical bases and practical results of economic reforms conducted in
the socialist countries.
Akademiia Nauk SSSR. Sibirskoe Otdelenie. Institut Ekonomiki i Organizatsii
Promyshlennogo Proizvodstva. Sotsiologiia i Matematika; Mezhdunar odnyi
Sbornik. Novosibirsk, 1970. 266 pp.
(Sociology and Mathematics; International Collection)
This collection of papers is devoted to mathematics applied to
sociological research. Methodology, measurement, selection of topics for
research, and modeling of social phenomena are among topics discussed.
Contributions are from sociologists of the USSR and other socialist
countries.
Braginskit, Lev V. and Perlamutrov, V. L. Problemy Sovershenstvovaniia Kreditn kh
Otnoshenii v Narodnom KhozfZ stve. Moskva: Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Sentral'nyi
Ekonomiko-Matematicheskil Institut, 1973. 60 pp.
(Problems of Attainment of Credit Relations in National Economy)
The work attempts to define the problems and major directions of the
credit-payment relationship in the Soviet national economy.
Larichev, 0. I. "Metod Otsenki Proektov Provedenifa Prikladnykh Issledovanii
Razrabotok." Avtomatika i Telemekhanika, no. 8 (1972), 121-127.
("Method for Evaluation of Projects for Applied Research and Development")
The paper is concerned with estimating by many criteria the overall
value of R&D projects. The solution method proposed concerns automated
decision-making procedures.
Va)nshtein, Al'bert L. TSen i TSenoobrazovanie v SSSR v Vosstanovitel'n i
Period, 1921-1928 gg. Moskva: Nauka, 1972. PP-
(Prices and Price Formation in the USSR During the Restoration Period,
1921-1928)
The book examines prices and price formation during the beginning
period of reconstruction in the Soviet Union and of development of the
Soviet economy--period of the New Economic Policy (NEE). Rare statistical
materials are included.
Voronov, IUrii P., ed. Izmerenie i Modelirovanie v Sotsiologii (Voprosy Metodiki,
Or anizatsii i Tekhniki Sotsiolo icheskikh Issledovanii). Novosibirsk:
Nauka, Sibirskoe Otdelenie, 1969. PP-
(Measurement and Modeling, in Sociology)
Collection of papers on questions of methodology, organization and tech-
niques in sociological investigation. English abstracts included.
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World Congress of Sociology, 7th, Varna, September 1970. Papers presented at
the Congress. Novosibirsk: USSR Academy of Sciences, Siberian Depart-
ment, Institute of Economics, Department of Sociological Problems and
Social Planning of Labor Resources, 1970.
A series of individually published papers submitted to the Congress.
Listed in alphabetical order these are: Antosenkov, E. Labour Turnover in
USSR National Economy: Socioeconomic Nature and Principles of Control;
Artiomov, V. A., Kutyriov, B. P. and Patrushev, V. D. Free Time: Problems
and Perspectives; Gerchikov, V. I. On System Chatacter of the Objects of
Social Management; Malinin, E. D. Social-Economic Problems of Raising
National-Economic Efficiency of Developing New Regions in Siberia;
Patrushev, V. D. Aggregate Time Balance of a Nation (Economic Region)
and its: Role in Socioeconomic Planning; Ryvkina, R. V. To the Study.
of Relations Between Different Kinds of Mobility; Sevastianov, L. I.
Representation of Social Factors in the Models of Optimal Settlement for
New Industrial Regions; Zaslavska, T. I. Objectives and Methods in
,Planning Rural-Urban Migration.
Zagoruiko, Nikolai G. and Zaslavskaia., Tat'iana I. eds. Raspoznavanie Obrazov
v Sotsial'nykh Issledovaniiakh. Novosibirsk: Nauka, Sibirskoe Otdelenie,
1968. 194 pp.
((ecognition of Patterns in Social Research)
The book is devoted to issues discussed at a seminar held at the
Department of Sociology of the Economic and Industrial Production
Institute and at the Laboratory of Pattern Determination of the Mathematics
Institute of the Siberian Division of the Academy of Sciences. The goal
of the work is to test the methods of recognition of sociological'patterns..
Zaslavskaia, Tat'iana I. and Borodkin, F. M., eds. Social Problems of Labour
Force. Novosibirsk: USSR Academy of Sciences, Siberian Department,
Institute of Economics & Industrial Engineering, 1970. 125 pp.
A collection of summaries of papers containing the results of the
studies of sociological problems of labor and labor resources conducted by
the sociologists at the Institute. The papers were published during the
period of 1966-1970 and were presented at the 7th World Congress of
Sociology held in Varna, September 14-19, 1970.
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or in _.'')_. i.S9': C AwcKr is and tor.lct Coordir tors and
joint US-USSR Working Croup for C,'or:y7~ra_.iOil in the
Application rn.,a. of C'':"! t i:.'i17; S to 13it:;.; -( :!i_i1L :11; '( ;11-:i to Topic 5,
Ft~'i~ , U.i_'..i""-j?..a''~ ._ Refinement of DC'.C.:;: L(171.-1'Tt].fit..EE9.,, ~, institutions of tea ih ag and refinement, computer
centers, and industa::i.al and commercial establishments. A fully--documented
itinerary in the Sova_et. Union of the American delegation on Topic. 5 is
found in Attachment I of this protocol. A listing of those individuals
who participated in the meetings and discussions held during the visit
y
is fourac. in Attat:hriTeat TI.
During the visits to these institutions and organizations American
and Soviet expo: to exchanged opinions on the rain aspects of Topic 5
and provided detailed answers to all questions of interest to the
participants of the meetings. The coordinators of both sides prepared
plans for American-Soviet scientific and technical cooperation for
Topic 5. The descriptions of the proposed subtopics are in.
t:t.ac.Lmrnt: !.I_I. he i.te ,r':,_'p`Lious of specific activities recommended
The
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IV ?Zea-'y
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Now
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of th meeting in the ll. >i:. of American and Soviet Coordinators and
Experts of the Joint US-USSR Working Group for Coopera.t.-Lon in the
App' ; cation. of Computers to Management in. Regard to Topic 5,
%om puter-A.i'ied Refi_neinent of Decision-Making and Education. of
): igh-Level Executi_ve?s."
In accordance with the Agreement between the Governments of the USA
and the USSR on Sc.ienti_f:i_c and Technical Cooperation of May 24, 1972,
and the Report or the E?S-USSR Working Group in the Field of the
Applica.ti.on of Computers to Management signed in Moscow on November 28,
1973, as well as in accordance with the Protocol of the meeting in the
U.S. of Coordinators and Experts in regard to Topic 5, signed in.
Decen?:.er, .1.974, a meeting of Coordinators and Experts on Topic 5 was
held in the USSR from September 18 to October 1, 1975.
The itinerary of the American specialists in the Soviet Union
included visits to institutions of higher education, academic and branch
research institutes, institutions of training and refinement, computer
centers, and indu.strial and commercial establishments. A fuily--documented
itinerary in the Soviet Union of the American delegation on Topic 5 is
found in Attachment I of this protocol. A listing of those individuals
who participated in the 1ceetings and discussions held during the visit
is foura.d in Attachment ii.
During the visits to these institutions and organizations American.
and Soviet experts exchanged opinions on the main aspects of Topic 5
and provided detailed answers to all. questions of interest to the
participants of the meetings. The coordinators of both sides prepared
plans for American-Soviet scientifi.c and technical cooperation for
Topic. 5. The descriptions of the proposed subtopics are in
Attachment III. The descriptions of specific activities reco.wii eended
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y
ty Nov`-75
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