(SANITIZED)CHINESE SLAVE LABOR CAMPS IN THE SO-CALLED "OLD LIBERATED AREA"(SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000100140001-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 51
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 20, 2014
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: April 9, 1956
• Content Type: REPORT

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!HAVE LABOR CAMPS IN THE wpm LISERATED AHEM
chapter
allaPtAr n
,cihapter
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Tabitarliftleerkiente �
Living Masan !Skeletons as / mar then
imumerabla Crises Perpetrated tg. thi
"Native Calamistate.
Main WWI AI Draft. Animals.
.Cteipter IV. A Church Turned into a S1au.ghter4owle
Chapter V Western iind Southern Shantung lathed �
in Dlpod �
Three of: the *Mu Slovenents�
2. by !MAIM the Younger Gennistion .Suffar?
3.0111itua3. Aid Tease Degenerated into
setupid Teassw.
I. loaning to Soviet Rusaia'a Prisatr.Reart*
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I
26 - 18
19- 25
26 - 148
26 - 37
37.bl
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WAVE WOE CMOS Th /Mg= LRA A&*,
Chapter
. � LIVI90.1111MAN SICEIZTONS AS I� � SAW TRIM
The night was dark to the raibray,
station, Then through. the kindness of a "retained railway �emplole410.1.
obtained a ticket at .five times the usual priceio.., -Once on the cpsah -
�STAT
felt the* tension of my heart .eased.
The. train moved slowly. The next morning I got -off
I proceeded trowirds the' cast city
- - -
STAT
in western Shantung,
The door was closed and 'nobody answered. I thought the
must have been out or else moved away; so I continued rify way towards the
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cathedral As the door .opened
I litilitil*STAT'.
straight in. The doors of most of the rooms were shut and not a liable. '
heard in the comotuld. I' failed to perceive a single isCul *hen I waked . a
round 'the buildin� gai and began to .feel sUspici.ous. I was at the. point of
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knocking at the -door of the main hall when I heardayoice. from bellied,:
oRaie, your hands". Thus cauert by surprise,5 L began to toplible and
both my hands.
Out of that ha.U. rushed several rough-necks clad in nankeen .
uniforms aho surrounded me and escorted me inside. This was the interior
arrangement of the building: A big square table stood in the .middle of the .
hallo with wooden benches eigatterscrhere and thin* and a ilore-eiiten portrait
*I Mao T-.-tong on itba�malli atraurpapraaci.ao. the. Moor along the slia
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perved as beds. With doren armed men direetigg their eyes on nmy Ire
. their leaning and felteere reassured. A fellow CAM; up and ran his hands
all over my body, evidentlilooking for hidden arm'l Anothe�elloireidiat
is, *Whit are jot doing here? Are you coming here to get some informationVi-
I tried in vain to explain to my interrogator the true purpose of my visit
. .STAT
and 'hawed him my Identity paper, at which' he�shouteds "What a finivrunning-
dog of American Imperialism, spy of the reactionaries
STAT
When I heard this series of accusations my blood boiled and -
I wanted to say.something in my self-defence. No sooner had I uttered the
salutation *Mister* than that fellow barked: ',Mister or Master - those
salutations are. the Off-spring of feudal idea. The term employed )r us
Cammunists'is ilung (1Goarader,)1,1 .
Thus informed Of this new Communist term, I o3ntinueds "Comrade,.
/ am comini hen; to see my parents. Your statement should be based on.fsots
STAT �
My: interrogator interrupted: 'Tour identity. paper etates you ars
run by the American.
- STAT'
Milipariellsta. Are you not a running -dog,ofrAmeriegn Imperialism? Am- /wrong.
In awing that you are a spy of the reactionaries, since yod said you hadS170-
coma from the South?
"Comrades, Aro your statements based on logic?" I idicia.
/A An arrogant mood, lir interrbgator Shouted: ',Old Chicken or yomw
ehidimn, nonmeniat Bind him ups*
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The term I used inlay queetilm, "lo chi", for "logia" must have been,
�Durwood by himmith the term "lao chi2 the equivalent kora hen or "ad
ohicken".'.1 was bound with My.hande'behindAy back, jLed out, and put ih
*dark-du/4.0n under guard. Since I had never come into collison with .
� ailybody in my life, nor had I been molested by enyone41I felt greatly 4urt-
ma,� by this harsh treatment, and asked the guards "What crime have I copsittedie
"Whiah village do you qame from?". the guard asked in turn.
� � �
� STAT
You wnre:followedby-agents of
our inspection post after you got off the trisin. You are indeed unlucky STAT
because you looked'-for both spies of AMerican STAT
Imperialism. . You are likely to be put in Jail," replied the guard
sympathetically._
Thus tipped, I realized the nature of the arime Ivens accused off-
an:I-turned into an inspeatiOn
pont of the "BurAau.of Public Safety* by the Communists.
STAT
Without food for a whole day, felt:diswy and shaky and could not
stand on my feet any' longer. I found more comfort by sittr down-on the
floor, damp as it was.. It was getting dark and the.rOonlniur lighted
by a dim vegetable-oil lamp. A fellow came in after an hour'stim,
ehouting- s "Comet Follow mei" "Wiwi. Iiniked in a hoarse toles.
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*Back to your native homel" replied the fallow jokingly. Mingo
havinicome to such a pass, 1 had to entrust everything to aod, and
disregarding what ems going.to'berailne, k protasteds hatable"' neither
food nor_ drink for the-irhole do') I cannot novel*
This arouned his ill.teepera I sna-at an*" idappettani.400.-floto end
=reed: 'Wow dare you protest. 4o asI 44.0004. otherwise ilid,31*00401
to deathiP
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In retaliation I graded; "I don't mint to move. Seat me to death that!!
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I till stuck to my seat.
Hy.assailau6coased applyiag force and left aft%r whispering to
the guard foi a little While. Ile-came back afterwards,. a ladle half :full of
-cold water in hand.- !brewing the oontainer:in front of me,' he barked;
*Drink:.quickin Refreshed by this drink which I drained at one gulp, I got
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up and followed him. Armed mith'a revolver he led the may., I malked'step
by step after him; with the. guard holding the rope behind me.
We got into the city, and made a tan to the north after walking
distance of 50 yards. There stood a huge gate with a big lantern- at
the top and lined with armed guards
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STAT
as far as I could reCollect. Turning to the west we
STAT
dame to another gate lined with iron plates, its adjacent malls measuring
over 10 feet high:- I was-led to a small house and handed over to a silly-
looking chap, who questioned ifie as regards my name, age, family home,
particulars.respecting my case, etc., and made entries in his register.'
He then issued to the guard a-sealed receipt Worded: "Received One criminal,
This reminded me that I maw not only a prisoner of the STAT
.Communist, but' also had *smiled the status or a criminal. This done, he
tent for a'wirder and. instructed him; "Shut him up in the *mall room!!
I Irde'pnsheid into a dark little room end locked cpC 'On leering,
' the warder peeped through: the hole in the door of the cell and said to met
*The little bucket at the corner is to serve as your commode!.
The four Jades of the cell could be reached'Wya:stretch of the
hand. In* the pitch dark I tried to find out vdmit weallaside, but the
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little bucket was all that there wait. Like)�a wildbeast just put in
I felt the agony and frustration. I.squatted for. a while, then stood up,
walked bo steps along the ;all, and occasionally bumped my nose against it.
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In my. anguish I struck the wall with Nit shoulder or knocked it with lay fist*
thinking it might fall down andI amid .be freed. But,. good Heaven) "HoW
could that happen? I made such continuoUs movements .until dawn, when I was woxm.
out and fell *sleep on the floor with Aar 'clothes on. .
Early next morning, the warder opened the door and woke me up .with � ._
. 0
a kick and a shouts "Get upt" In came a man,. who, to all appearance., vas
a civil employee. . Handing me tenr sheets of paper, one worn-out writing
brush and an ink-pot, he commanded me! "You: hatib to. write an autobiography
of yourself today." He then told me in detail the subjects on�whieth I
should write, viz., name, age, family home standard of education; category
in vibioh the family should. be classified ("oppressorflormoppressed"); �drigin
of the family; personal history since the age of 12 (such as. mama of school
from which graduated, whether supported by .documentary proof; date of�
) par ti oi pa ti on in any political par Ly, ninon c religious, or: fraternity
organization, positions held therein, .where served, -nature of work). Ome
important p int on each subject not only facts but also the motive
and roamin for such acts should be given in addition to a minute survey
of, and comments on h statements.
In the small hours
I was pulled out of the cell for STAT
trial. Inside a tiled building just white-washed sat several COmmunist.
in nankeen tudforms, each with a 5-inch Smoking pipe in hand.' On the. tale
were some bamboo Blabs for squeezing prisoners* fingers and a set of heavy
*bamboo" arrayed along' the walli. The trial began with the following.
0
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qUeation put to me by ao"caMradent: afou have been here fol. three day.aind
have aISulylcritten your nen story. We have made careful .enquiries and would
not. falsely accuse any good man. Give usa full.alccinnt.of the nefariour
STAT �'
s7des r 11. erioan �
activities of
Imperialism, and you will.then be free! We might also aubMit our fav-,rac0I9
views with the suggletdon to confer a mark of appreCtation on you! 'Chairman
Mao, has said: 'The ringleader shall be punished, the followers shall. be. ,
elionerated and those doing good work in bringing the culprit to book shall be.
rewarded!' 11'
4. �
"Comrades, I have already given a full and faithful account of,mkmelf
in my story Ithich should have been read by you. ghat more should I say
since you have, made a careful investigation?"
spies of the AMerio#n Imperialists, have been jailm�TAT
' What directives are you coming from the South', to transmit to them?"
."During my boyhood days I was given my religious teachi g and VMS
baptized by
ray fellow�countryman. It is logical STAT
I should pay them a visit on _returning. hone!"
Evidently angered by these words the "comrade" yelled: "Bring .
a V.
one of these 'bamboo' 1"
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A sturdy fierce�lookingschap.brought a set of ."bamboo" along, stared
at me with his fprocious eyes�-then bent his head to glance at the instrument
as if to-warn.imer and said to me; Tell the -truth, quick!'"
� !Comrades, 1 have just said that I have already told you whet I
should fit4r." "This stubborn chap should be given a lesson!"
I was stripped of Iry clothing and placed with my mouth dawn on the
�floor. With a quardng Sidle the Pcomrade" yellsdr One stroki .1.11. make yoU
e
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"gls
half-dead; two strokes will send you to !loll: NOW do you want to speak '
.the truth?" "Up to this mont, I still have ngOing more tr; Bey", I
answered :oobornly.. The "bamboo" was lifted up. with a cracking sound.
I was expecting every moment that the stroke would fall on my thighs
�
when the "comrade" stood up and said: "ThelPoopless Governments wiUb
lenient with you this time. Go back and repent yourself. Olive us a full
confeasion in the next hearing, or you will have to suffer!" I wae. thus
dragged back to sty cell. '
In this solitary confinement with none to 'speak to and always
in a state of terror, one would bectime nervous, however courageous one
might be. The air was foul And this was suffitientto make One the More
distraught. I felt as if I Were subject to-the fire torture every minute.
' Above me was the bare roof; all.round me were the walls; and below me.was'
' the vet floor. What a hell!
At midnight I 14111 subject to another trial. 'I fined
an ugly old man, as thin as a human skeleton, with long white uncombed
hair like a wild memo, eyes deeply sunk in his skull, and a hunched back.
He looked as fearsome as a Monster from the grave. Pointing to thia.man,
, one "comrade" asked him of mei "Do you know him?" The aged invalid stared-
at me with half--opened eyes" and faintly Murmured: "Ido not know 4"611-
.
He was then tecorted out by two men.
�
. Another old man of similar appemrafice but cora:slightly a4a1Xer.
stature was heat led in. He was asked the same question and gave the slam
answer. He VMS then pulled out. Finally they aced me: *Do you know
either of these two gentlemen?"
STAT
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I had never Been
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or come .across such living skeletons reyself since 1-was horn. SO I answered
immediately: "I _don't know either of then." At this moment the emotion
_
as expressed in ray face was closely watched. "Give a full confession.
You should speak the truth," ordered the "comrade." � "What i said was
STAT
nothing but truth. I would simply repeat that �L, don't know:either�of them."
But both of them looked. just like demons from hell.
This reminded me of the Comuniat play, "Pal MaoNi." (*white�haired maid"),
very popular in Red ohina,which depicted the transformation of tht "Maid"
into a devil, but in con:orison, the transformation which the two gentlemen
had.undergone was more real than hers.
The. Covismiet,s then altered .heir course of interrogation and put
to we another sense of questions: "When were you baptized? Through
wh-ose introduction? Compulsorily or voluntarily? What are your AVM
on. religion?", to which I replied on the basis of the principle of freedom�
of whip as announced by the Communiit "Coalition Government".
� At this. point 1-was .interrupted by a "comrade": "What �a pity that.
..should believe in Christianity"
The second trial thus came to an end.
STAT
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Chapter II
CiiiES PERFETWED BY THE � NATIVE COINiUNISTS�
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on the fifth day of'my detention I *as removed to the big jell.
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It metre native-styled building,' somewhat larger in size than the first
one,..maeuring la paces long by 5.paces wide: 'herein seme thirty prisoners,.
.each sharing less than half a foot, were confined like sparrows in a aaia,
bumping against one another, one on top of the other, a famiar'sight
in a market pliele. Turning one's back was an impossibility as agy alight
movement was likely to affect everkone; all the inmates had to be wakened
up before a single one could change his position.'
The roof was low and a little window served as the only means of
ventilation. The heat Of the scorching _summer bun penetrated through the
-thin roof, through the east wall in the morning, and through the vest 'ell
in the afternoon, making them alternalAras hot as an oven. All the heat
seemed to have been absorbed. by this building and we. were virtually like
_ .
steamed leaves inside a cooking-pot: Sweet ran down continuously like a.
shower from our bodies; we breathed heavily as if on the point of suffocation..
The straw on the floor where we slept, though immuile frau vermin daring
zero weather, now served as .a Weeding place and, asylum for innumerable
blood-suckers with Aeneas, bed-bugs and mosquitoes, which seemed to have
joined hands with the dommunists in their coMbined attack on our bodies,.
mercilessly draining the blood from, the "criminals" who became thinner
ani thinner, %has these collaborators were. increasing their sue and.
weight.
.,SOme.fellow.sufferers were still dressed in ragged wwidid clothing,
and they were naturallytbe ones tha\sufcsred emit. Taming cluster: thereon,
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the vermin dropped d&wn'as - soon at a movement was made by the prisener.1%BlaCk.
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and well�fed, they crawled slowly on the floor.
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We Were served two meals a � day. The food consisted of congee cooked
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am.
from KaoAang (sorghum) Mixed with bran.. Flimsy'iron.bUcke.ts wen used as �
containers and coarse but thin bowls as eatiag utensils. Filled with steamed
gruel, the :pawl could not be held tight and the gruel was too hot be be sipped.
"eduction of the heat-by stirring with chopstick's was disallowed, and so
blowing slowly with the mouth was the only alternative. .Refore me0. time
�. all prisoqers sat quietly waiting for the signal, and immed'ately lade a move
se the iih'.stle was blown. The time allowed 4'or each 'pal wa:s ten .1.nutes;*
so everyone had to try his best to eat quickly. When the whistle blew again,
they had to atop and return to where they had been. Haw could one satiate
one's hunger under th,Ise conditions, for one could 'finish only half a baWi?-
.
AS time went oft, those with a hot temper were apt to become insane. For examnle-
, STA
one Commandezleader of a guerrilla force, noted for his bravery during SI-AT
the war of resistance in his engagements. with the Japanese STAT
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became mad, 'because he ate his Teals in a similar manner
would not eat or 'drink; he broke Chopsticks and bit rice bawls; he spoke
nonsense. What was most detestable was this instance: once a piece of
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nighteoil was found inside bucket-used as rice containeri It later �
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trahepired that the Commaniets, in their "increased production and retrenchment* _
program, had used rice buckets for carrying human residue; these containers
� were returned in haste after the work was over; and thosaresporipible for the
prisoners, food had negleeted to clean them. The "mistakes was thus made.
� I'vaa the bad luck of our innocent fellow-sufferers to eat nightsoill
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� Most of our fellow-suffers had already pissed7their.prime of youth;
many were-aged and feeble. -We had ahong us Iand-owners arrested during
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the finless movement*, *wicked oppressmAlmridh farmersy *profit-seekers from
sphilanthropy", headmen of distriCts,.headmen of villages; Kuomintang membOreH
formerly in the employ of the National Government, preachers, medical
'prabt1tioners,officers and men formerly in military service just returning
from the South, teachers, former Government OmploYesse. We numbered almott
5,000 and' cams from all vull,4 ,,f 14e.
Behiha the jai/ stood a big hall where tortures were applied to the
Isnpr onere who reftssed to "give a faithful oonftession". In contrast to the
ess which reigned everywhere, this solitary_building was weIl-illuminated
with: lanterns and torches, so bright that it looked as if itimelein daytime.
Noiee-could be heard from every corner. Numerous little square holes were
*bored in the walls at irregular intervals. Through these "spectators' holes*
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he orisoners were instructed to peep when the torture was going on. All
'that they saw was the scene of cruel shedding of blood vwhat they heard
war .the yelling and shrieking of the victims.' Kvidentay they were given
a good example, . in the 'same' way as monkey-trainers. used to kin chickens
in front of their trainees. Sometimes the prisoners 'were made to-stand in
'rows as spectators whe, torture took place in the yard, to serve as am
effective means to exact a faithful confession. 0
A few days after my arrival my fellhei-sufferere hastened to toil No.
tha brutal methods which the Communists empl6yed in torturing the primonors,
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These methode of torture were numerolls and of varied nature,.and some were
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so 'strange and bar8arous that they were beyond imagination. in the following
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linee Ilive a description of those that were the more conspicuous:-
(I) "Looking at the Central government.", The "prisoner" was
in a
� tied to a rope and hauled upAthe air by means ofapulley fixed '
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to a scaffold scores of feet high. He was then asked: "Can .
a
you lee the central-Government?" Should his answer be "Mo",'
. he would be held in suspense until he died from etarvation .
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and exposure.. Conversely, the rope was at once loosened /Ina
down came the body mutilated. '
(2) Looking south Of the Tangtse River^: The "prisoner", was made
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to walk in a southern direction. No sooner had he made a
feir.paces than a slash tame from a chopper behind him, severing
the head from the neck, enti*ely or partly, with blood shooting
. up tO.Fth � in the qtr. . . The.Cemminists then clapped
their hands and laughed at this brutal scene, and other
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sufferers were made to jeer at the dead man.
(3)."Kill.Kuomintang with native-made shot-gun": The "prisoner" was
tied fast to the wooden pole. and served as rget tor the .
killers to shoot their native-Made shot-guns: As ilt�Astrinigth
of this kind of :weapon was very weak, the victim could
be killed by less than a hundred shoto. How brutal .the
Om:nista were to use a "criminal" as their living target*
(4)"OPening the seillght": The skull of the "'prisoner" was stehdk
with a heavy blow of a. big hammer and broken Up. Blood opladUed
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out and the neck immediately shran4 and tl*ha'ad, !)43010we b*P.odyi
. .hole. The .Ccumainiste'iratching .the Cruel scene wou.1.4 thin shouts �
*What a fine scenel What a fine scene I Encoreve
(5) "Bakihg the cake*: An iron Shovel., iedthot from the furnace, -was
� applied to the back of the *criminal*, turning the skin, then the,
flesh and finally the bones, into ashes. The victim of course died.
(6) �Illowipg the drum": Thencriminaln was.preseed clovni on the 'floor.
Air waspumped into his mouth by means of a bicycle hand-pump, Gaming
the belly to swell up. In an instant the air spread all over? the.
body, turning �i.t into a balloon with blood ()ming out from various.
exits.. If the Communists wanted the victim to die qu.ickly they would
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clogOp the, mouth and rectum with cotton wool, buret the belly with
a heavy blow Stith the intestines flowing out in a pool of blood.
"Kerosene Ba.thtli, The four limbs of the "criminal* were wound up with
��
cotton Wool, and kerosene poured all over hie body. When ignited,
the fleshy part was liqu if itikt, ..and flawed clown. More kerosene wee
added to intensify the fire. Nothing but ashes would then raisin
.to be blown away with the awful
(8) "Needling through the Fish": The victim's belly was bored through
at the abdomen with a red-hot crow-bar. .Scordhod intestines :giving
out an awful smell came out as the prow bar vent through, Theftvictim
was thus �killed.
(9) "Planting the oni,cm in reveree were: Theuprisoner" was made to dig
a ditch to a depth of 'his height and to stand there with his head
down. Anothee "primmer' wai forced to Spread earth over the victim's
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body. No waiver had the earth :covered lair of his body than the
victim died from suffocation, both of his legs swollen up l.ike
those of en .ox, which, when beaten with bar, enana.ted huge..
quantities o blood.
"Joint action by four oxen"s Zech of the *prisoner's" fear
limbs was tied to rope fixed to an ox. At the blow of the
'whistle, the oxen were beaten fiercely and dashed forward with
all theile night. The victim's body ins thus Pulled to pieces,.
� -and he ies.killed.
(p.) 'Dancing the Planting Song", Ten re-hot flat-bottomed iron pans
� � re arranged in a row. tiPrisonerss; were !creed to dance
on then with their bare feet, th;e ps fOrdiard and one step � �
lord, in the skyle of the "Planting ng" dance which is a woman
recreation "Moog the Commuidate. The )rounds inflicted on their �
feet were ea severe that the victinso either. died or *else were
� invalided for life.
� (12) "Cutting' on. �te, h,lisr-caitterel ThenprisonerN was laid flat with his �
� ze.
nook under the. blunt edge If a hey-cutter, 9:nd another "prisoner
� was order to prase the handle, under pain of eisd.lar penisihnent:
In coals of' refusal. By this Reins, the victim one killed without
� � shedding ono drop of blood. The first operation aansid. the victim
to Writ hie Wes upward with a waning groan and it looked as if be
more going to expire. Me recovered his senses again when the pres
� Was released. These alternate operations were repeated until the
viatin died.
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(15)
The brutal methods as were described above .:Were 'copied from thota:.of
-aldch we read in the antiquated novels. As such tortures were directed
Against the innocent people, we may say for crtaiP that the Communists
are �ths most. estrAge bdastsever known in t'1eJistory of mankind.
�
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rags
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(16)
� Chapter TIT
HUMAN BEINGS As DRAFT ANI�AIS
When I'first came to the big jail, the attention of the.inmatee '
was focused on me because I was iressed in the foreign7styled attire mach
Cursed by the Communists, and my coiffeur wae in the stylf, of the bourgeoisie. �
nickname "Southern BallsarianP.
they *gave merthesTAT
one& the guaies relaxed their surveillance,
they began to bombard me with all sorts of questions, but as 1 was doubtful of
thedr..1 purpose,: T always abstained from g.ving then anything but aabiguous
replies. However, when I got more fatiliar with them and knew them better,
I began-to be more free in my conversation.
. The snumber "of "prisoners" 'in the jail was in the neighborhood -of
5�000i half of vduna had to line up early in the morning and thenvenr
escorted to farm-work. As the result of the "miss movement", all arable
-
land was- re-distributed, and all "Farmerel 4ssociations" in the adjacent
villages were required to hand over the meet fertile land to the "district
. .
government" to farm a collective farm to. be Cultivated by civil servants
of.allgrades and members of their families who wire to reap the harvests
� as, compeneation. These people working in the "Peoptifte Government" were
all on a "Free Supply" babis, with meagre pay amounting to the cost of-one
'catty of pork, Which was hardly sufficient to pay for the hot water they.
were drinking.. Busy as they were in "serving the people", by presaing
.
payment of taxasoin..nath-idr in kind, alleged to have fallen due,
interrogating and-t9rturing prisoners, etc., haw could they have, the time
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to engage themielves in such manual work?" .Eve� n if they could, timely would
rather confine themselves at home to stay with their "lovers" or else faits
about with their female colleagues*. This ingenious' method of compelling.
� the simple-minded and clumsy-looking "prisoners" to work for them was
v
�therefore invt:nted. "Landlord:0, "rich farmers", "profit-seekers from
.philanthropy" were amOng the "prisoners". Ilia reason for such cholas
lies in.tha fact that these people had had practically no chance to leave
the )r native homes, except on abcasions when they called on their relatives
_friends to offer them New Year or festival greetings, and that they
had lived almost as Isolatei. as the. old saying goes, "They can hear the
dog barking and the irooster crowing next door; but they do not 'care
�
to be rriehdly with' their neighbors". Many cf them never visited the
city be 'Ore And nor they came there for the first ti a with the statua.
of a "prisoner". AeVing entirely no knowledge of.the outer World, it is
�� evident t'ley had not the courage to run, away, and, even so, their attempt
to escape would 7rove ?Utile in the end, in- tri.ew of the fact that the
census system of the Commimists'wesCstrict and their method for the
punishment of escapeealas7cruel. rn other words,...***Plells. would either
return voluntarily or .else Would be sent -back to the prison by members of
their families, in Which case they would be subject to torture, and die
frgatahlltever farm of .torture they might receives The' Communists knew
the psyChologr.of these poor folks � and this was the nsasollssr.,
. only posted siveril of their accomp40Was as overseers to look after their
vork instead of 11116Wie armed. men as guards. �
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The food for the pr goners, -Lac Ind I those detai led i'or :e
labor on tile: farm�was a privat.e c' .are t) he paid for,. either in cash
or in kind, by their ff..ilies flort 1,v. rcs accounted for tt,e humorous
gossip among the prisoners: "e are eat1nt7 our .wn hit �Ilwork for
the people'.'
Tactics of ax'. dfferent nature were adopte,1 by Comm:nista
towards the Llrisoners �:f iher into ligeoce akd experience level, whom
� they put to r1 lauor such as carrying earth Et nci brick_s, building walls,
etc., just-as strenuous as -11ourhing fields. ..^.ThAild Stretcher�bearers
be ,required oy tne iiLiberatior Arvfl, ttese en old be sent to make up
any def "it tat -ight:oc.mr, and sr te Et/ vrould leo.ve Ueir native horaes,
never to return.
�
�
After break ast in the early .ours
i was told to proceed
STAT
to the trial room, wt-�(---., in contrast to it past experience on such
occasions, I .was -offered a seat, as soon as I entered tl;e gate, by a
Communist, wbo apo e svnillirly. to me: liThelPeoplets Cinvernments will not do
-7
injustice to a well�behaved an. Vie have -ads pareftil i vestiastio about
your case, and the novernnint is �hw ready tr let you off..So you may
retlin to your'home."
In this simple manner T was released and returned to this human
world from hel p-:ily as a bird.flyin out of the cage and a horse
freed from th bridle.
�
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A
t,
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(19)
Chapter' TV
A JHURCB 'MANED, INTO A SIAUGHT!gi-HOUSE:
ci
In the words ol the Chinese proverbs: "The thought of returning
home 'noli strikes tbe wanderer". "Ile hopes to see his old home again
with the speed of; a shooting arrow." With all expedition came to My
native home. Home, home, sweet home* I have left you fo a dozen years.
The day has now" come when I fall into your arms again!
Broken walls and aollapsed houses, heapoof discarded bricks and
tiles, courtyard and garden overgrown with weeds and deserted-- Alas!:
Is this really my old home?
Hearing py voice, my mother hurried out of the-dilapidated...hones
to receive me. . I quickly stepped forward to grasp her hand, and called
�
- out: "Mother". Tears immediately ran down her cheeks, causing me to
weep akao. We at at each other for Suite some time .and then loistrorted her
back by thesarm.
one and of an old d almost beyond. repair lay a lad of -
about-10 years oli, with a girl of 8 at .the other end. Their pale faces
and thin bodies were consp thous,' and they lay there motionless with
wide 'nen eyes.. They were o frightened at my sudden appearance that
they beRan to cry. A at I oerce'ved was some movement in :Weir little
Z5'"s mouths, but I could not hear any noise. T thought them two children
must be py nephew and piece both nak fallen sidkI Instinctivelor.I
asked my eister-in-laws !titre the children' ill? Wtq don't you sand for
the. doctor?" Her oyes at once. filledrh tear*, and after pausing fdr
M1
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a moment, the replied: "Brother, we cannot get enoUrft for our meals.
can we afford to have medical care?"
Dinner time arrived. What was served in the family was congee
cooked franioak leaves with a mixture of bran. Handing me a big basil
of the gruel, Mother, with her usual affection,- said to Met "Eat up)
quick*" rwas so touched bry.this unusual food that tears burst from
my eyes, tut for fear that this might make my mother, brpther and
sister-in--law unh-apnv, I tried mr best tr, restrain my emotions and
swallowed the cooked leaves slowly.
Kfter dinner my brother led mete the "Farmers' Association"
( �
to report my arrival. .There we'-met�Our."comrade" Teng.Bao, detailed
thereby the.Pingyuan District "People's Government" who was then having
his dinner. 'Snow-white speamed bread, saltedt.eas, meat with sucumbers�
black tea, were spread on histable.. This dietfarmed the "little Oven"
'(superior'grade.food pr the new upstarts-of.che peo010)..
Having not seen a zi.IgIe fowl or deMeStic animal since mys.rrival,
I felt strange and asked my brothers "DonlI. we keep chickens and dogs?" :
H� replied in a ow voice: 'W have vo� lUntarily handed over all 'our
chickens ,to el Teng for his food. The eggs and other things we
-taw on his table ere the voluntary contributions'- from our compatriots.
� The doge and eats ve all, been eaten op byue, and wr even look for .
raWand *owe s.erticles of diet. This is customary for all families."
At this pOintr, other interrupted: "How are we going to pass thrOugh
each hard tines: Wha 1U these end?""
^
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-rya sane evening the family gathered together. and talked dont.
Vie , commenced with Try fourth brothev who :was killed in action spine. the .
Japanese, 4en� ..sry. father !..who was "liquidated" by *ther-damainistis slizthe
, � .
tqaass movement'', and ended with the two 'uncles, who died one after the .
other after bei wounded . wounded 'by :blows frtan: clubs in the .hand; of the
Comthuhists. Raving .heard this series of lied, bloody stOries� I. could
hard* 'sleep but Simply closed my eyed: All of a sudden I am a horde
z)4*
of Communists savagely breaking'ins clubs in hand, ,wabeg*an. to out off
izy flesh with their.4otives. The pain caubed�me to shouts "Help, helps*
. .
ttother at once stepped forward and woke me up. Although ; realised it
was a bad drefem, my heart was still beating.
�
on the following day
L requested "Comrade"
�
STAT.
to give STAT
me permission to visit the village jail where was confined in a. STAT
critical condition. The permission was granted On the understanding that
. I should not weep but keep complete silence when I met her. lith .the
. village "public tiafety offizer" beh map:4 came-"tb the jail situated
north or the street at the western .etid.oi the village. This was the
primary sChool run � tiy tie i Christ kissionawhdre, I, received eltmentarx
education during iry *Doyhood Tweuty years had now elapsed and it
was turned into a heLli The wall that used. to. separate the school from
. the cathedral was no44Lager seen, atrd the two buildings � thus tonnected
together were . converted, into a jail adcompx)dati ig some 209 pr sonars of
- � , -
both sexes and all ages, who were coldlned there on �.1.110 a173.egation.of: ,
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7 being."landlordsn,' "wicked"4pressorsn� etc. The .;younger of them were �
.bound .up with ropes. Straw wassspread on the floor, to serve as beading
- -
on which the "prisoners" slept in their clothes. Th 4 food for the
;
"prisoners" was brought to them by msmbers.of their -antliea. The jail
. �
-7, � �
was ventilated by only a few tiny windows. Since the "prisoners" hnd
no opportunity to Change-their clothes, still less to take a bath,
this sitde the air extremely foul, to the point of nausea. Holding'
his nose, this "publiC safety officer" pointed out to me 141rold lady
. -
Who was crouchiag like a mail and moaninv ir one corner of the cell:
You have seen 'her now. S(. you bett.er leaveln T obeys
STAT
the order and left the jail wit:- a nead.
In the middle oi rt-ard stoo.: a tower whiCh, according
to my reeoileeti.n, was specially erected as a eans of defence ayainst
�
-
�"1:
local bandits. Although this tower As still in its ortz7inal-position,
it served an entirely Allem t purpose as tile. tort!re-room of the
Communists. The upper floor was used az; tr. office -aid-the lower one as
place of torture from whenCe usual l;� e-,anated inhuman shrieKs from the
vietims.in� the dead of night. F7iea.-Ig of the t:ortures Inflicted by '
'Me
'the. Communists, they were numeroue ind of vars.ed nature. and could be
Soared to thcee primitive or,e1 forms that people believed were
practi_sed in Hell.. ' Of these the followinr
Methods wee the most common:-
(1) "Death by indiscriminate clubbing": .The "criminal" was. tied
�
to a tree. with his hands behind him; and was beaten to death
by the Communists who freely need their clubs all over his bac**
�
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(2) nThe Happy Chair" t The criminaln =us put ,on the top of a Ale.
40,47. tables ataakiit. osylThigh-seiffeldPlen the stack was pulled
down, the, victim fell from the air and died. ol'a broken skull.
(3) "Rolling the lancky Barrel": The n criminaln was forced into .a
.barrel with iron nails driven all through the sides. After the
lid was closed the barrs1 vas rolled about, the sharp points of
the nails inflicting wounds all over the body, causing the'Vlel� ast
�
to. tie,slowly.
(4) "Tiering the Humming Topn: The "criminal" vas tied with-his limbs(
on a wooden cross, and a loose ripe was wound� round his neck,
each end being held separately by a killer. As the rope was tigh
the victim gave a moaning sound as if he were going to expire, but
he revived again when it vas loosened. This dolablaiAntion wee-
r0meated until the Communistl` wanted him to' die, when the rope
was relaxed no more, and he died a slaw death.
(5) nttaisilg and Haulile down the Flag": The victim waz. tied by hill
7
limbs to .a stout mos arid hauled up i flagstaff. On reaching
the top the rope was abruptly let go, causing the victim to drop
daan with hie limbs b.oken and his blocky mutilated.
(6) "Hooking the mandarin Fish", The victiinwasliedto t stoat raffile
..
and hauled up in the air wi/th his head dawn, dausing.the bed, tO
� swing to and fro like a fish swimming in the. water. After a
� ra9ment he turned into *.a living -ghost with MA eyes and tongs*
� protruded out. a wais left there for one, or two days to die
� a slow death.
���
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(7)
6
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a�111.
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(8)
(2h)
�
"Steaming the Loaffit ..The nor-Veinal" was wrapped up tightly-
in a piece of cdtton quilt which had 'been soaked thnraughly
� , �
in boilingmateri while it was still steaming hot. More
water sat-then poured over the roll, until the *victim died
of suffocation by steam.
"Drinking the' Meat Soup": The.periminaln was pressed with his
A
face dawn on: the floor and'fnrCed;4ktake human residue in'
liquid fors. When he could swallow nO more, he was lirted.
up and rocked about: This action was !opeated every thirty
� minutes until the stuff awe out of the.mouth and rectum .
eitultantously, .The victim then became senaelees and thus
expired.
(9) "Throwing the Cotton Baer- The victim was sealed up in a
bag, lifted Upend thrown on the ground. Thip action WM
repeated until hie -body became mutilated with blo$ all over,
.and the victim fell aenseless. Re revivod when cold water .
was pbured over h iii. These actions werg also repeated until
he died.
Whenever labor was required for construction, farm or .
irrigation works the village jails sWgied.as the supply base. for the needed
hands. Wet ordorimere the prisoners not paid for their work, but also they
mere required to provide their own food. They tad to work .as hard as they
41100/34t.** the price for ins:rite; teiaitigate the "punishment for their wines!,
dre045east, to vadat* the 0;441$ of their Nor/toss; otherwise the
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Communists on' theallegation that a "breach of their inareaso-proditettiiin.
program". had been committed, would beat or torture them, or ssnethilis
� 0, � �
to the district jail.. Imbued with conservative ideas, the village .
-folk in North China would prefer dying before the graves of thpir -
anoest9rs to moving one step away from their fatherland. Taking advanta0
of this weak point, the CommuniSts-zould-draw large numbers6f slave_.
laborers from the villages.
In 6ecasions when the supply Of slave laborers was leen than
- -0
the demand, the defIcit would be met by arresting thoge "Middle-class
farmer.," rad had some 'rev os connections with the Nationalist-
,'
Government, on various acoqsations, such as "Nationalist spy", etc.,
and turning them into slave Itlborers. To this method of. arrests those
who had prevtoxsly served the Communists formed no exception. for instate.,
dUringmy several days' short stay in' my native home, Z saw a distant STAT
oousin of
who
served as captain 6f the. Communist Village guards in
.
arrested by the "publiC safety officer's"
allegation that he was a tool of the reactiJnarA;
a few days iatervhe was seen
. South of the Chou Village.
on the
STAT
.4
and .STAT
cuttini gibes among the slave laborers
The "Old Liberated lase
STAT
was nothing but 'a big slave labor camp, full of misery everyWhers..
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. (26)
4 �
Chapter lr
*STEIN AND SONTIMIN.SHANTNNG BMW IN IlLOOD,...
STAT
. ,
The' wL1lage4.'code bf etiquette requires one iho has just returned frce
a'ismig absence to ado !Palma; calls On all relatives and friends I h144 to
dalailive- this =written las under. shatover Oi.rommetencss�
.The people i �salad on Consisted of ay 'relatisis, friends
and lohoolmates, including those classified by the Communists a1 ittiendlortisto,
andhsedlims to be pereectitaid. . Among Tay iohoolnatess there were some mho
seried in ammeshat high positions of the *District Claseit in the� 417110P1.tgTAT
Having not entirely lost their senses, these men, as the.'
Comemnists fey, sere Peommthat on the wrong teed& because of their
neusceptibility to personal sentiments*. I.now proceed with a brief
narraticn of the various forim of atrocities perpetrated by the Communists
in the 001d Liberated Area of Mach 1was avyself an eyeseritness or which
I bed heerd from sources believed to be reliable.
t4:� Mee Stages of. the 'Mace Movementos
.cmt In
oarryIngisthadr program' of *Vass ,MovementP (subsequently known
as *Lend Comainiate made the diet riot. as the tu3i, tv which
waited through a Oafs lirrweant Clamittaew with. the. district imagist/wt. and
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Wice7magis ,trate as chairman ,and vice-chairesat respectively, under. the
direct supervision of the. *Military Area Special comodasione-ros
�1. As a ireeliminary stage. of the ilmovemanti, they picked out the riff-raft
of each village, organised than into tem, and gavia them Comantat .
training, after which they were instructed to make secret investigatimna_
as to 'which of the villagers were to be olassified-uialer slandisede;,
*wicked oppressor" or "second-class oppretsorn, and slamiteneonalr to
- instigate the poor peasants to fora themselves into *Tareerso Aseociatiandl.
Then, these "Associationsm were to call for mass meetings at which the
*benevolent deeds" of *Chairman" Use were recounted mad praised, and
the fou1. acts of the "reactionaries* were *endowed. In a word,
Communists should deserve credit. for alt.that was good, and she:, VS bid
should be attributed to the, Nationalists. This having been is, liken the
ions. were 'considered capable of luendling, the maeses, the. wad stags
fellow& During this stage, the farmireemere required to ropoA to
which of the various Categories they belonged according 40.:,the of the the COmmandate "landanrer-, "rich *farmer", "a14414.-clasi Weer",
"poor � farmer, "tenent-farmer" or "biked hand*. The beets of the �
classification was 'toxic:Nei out village by village, by striking an average
obtained by dividing the total acreage of aroblo land by the
population; hones a groat discrepancy irouldl'ocicur in the ease of
i
/A
villages
holding
.immeAted onler bif," short ..distanoe�
Per instax*,
the otangerg
nos1 Chinese
STAT �
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acres 0:i. (or 240 pacee the smallest unit of land mea
it was, 5 fort
being only 10 Chinese miles apart. The holder of that standard. ant
.over would be classified as; a wlandimmidt..� . he a matter of fact, the
"
Communists hid already.mappild out before hand the individaia alassifictiiinv;
the two!
1111Pliwo'STAT
so all the rid-tape that was mieoessazy to go through, _ouch as "Indiviiheal.
report as to classification", *classification by.. democratic deliberstionefio
'etc. yaw .simply a 'farce to cheat the public:
�
Those rated as Elanthone might go on peacefUlly if they woad bead
over, to the wrarnorwl Association" that part a their holdings over and above
the standard acreage, otherwise the Communists bould ctme to "win then over
try talking". In the latter cape, should they be willing to sonfiss their
-
guilt to the "wimple" they would also be free free soleutation. ilemnsr,
it 1�1111. the Cammaniiit rule that one or two persons should be picked tout as.
Plindlordall� ca. "wicked. oppressors� to be gland at the mime gathering STAT
�
(each as kaolin as a "public trial"
.to be attended by all the innocent peasants. Such a gathering was Usually
� 11100141 or a bi0047 aver, brutal in the extreme. The victim, tied up
Itita rof�os, was brought to the pleas of trial and made. to Imolai with his
heart teen oin the platform, 4 number of hirelings,� the "people� who
mum .euggemed to have mifferea at Us hands of the Emptied, moult O-
� ;anima -from monk the mod' below to voice thetz; egrievemene*, 'eying that
thilr bad bean Noppreemetto ar maitreateds or Roma a blood, debts,� the
twat enairld uniformly throUgheut all me4ah oometalie.
4.
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J.
seeping and CrAbe *0 VOmerspolks: snehnist the.Cosamists viddetilie
to this i3IMOhLa3*-ju4a, .At eoirosly had these hirellage fladakiel.
their Ales than thunderous roare oasis free vAriousAberneres R.Esathiarps
Best Mit upP The 'IOUs ass' at once droned doen-and indiscriethskitt-
beaten or kicked, While uttering wild shrieks of despair. The viotieweeld
be beaten to death on the spot &mild the assailants persist in their
attacks. This brutal wethcAlmiendopted as -a means to warn otbsirs, and
served asa prelude to the massacre!, that followed..
4
During' the initial stage of the weovesissit. the Cosenniate tried
� an
to sasert their authority ar ki ling one person asAessisple to cOMOILOmilt JO �
keep the people** mouths shut. The **Special Coseissimbare Mile. InAt34
then, issue secret direetives to the underlings of all clasias . to etiek
to the Winning principles, ijr on tbe or farmers", .ifselidigy the
.mi(4dlemclass farmers., vonSutralise the rich farZerels, Rivals** the laalWrolility
Mall all wicked Ismissors", ',eradicate the spoondwelase oppresears*,
nstrengtnsa the organisation of Farmers* ensociationse) 410ent4ty the
4- supervision over *staunch supporters* ,w, and wdisrupt interwv.illage
connunlostionns. Ti. loweltn(sts instituted a 'system of woes for
inter-village travellers (to be issued jointly by the thadrian of the
'Tamers* Association* and ceptain of the -village defence acme) will
eitablistuient of inspection posts at utilities points to be 'sinned by ignerset
. lads. The village "public weft, officers" (census officers() twit census 4'
Of each family every day -- n secret means to exercise strict contra-. .
J.
and all movements were. disallowed.. Frequent petrels were made by the village
guards. The village was thus turned into a dimmed cage, free shish nobody ,
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��
�
S.
30) �
�
eould.come out. then the opportune lement came, the Order was issued, and
Communist ."executivesn in company with tra village.ruarde; self-defenee
- � �
corps, "public safety officerepete., would flock into each family to look
fOr their victims. The "landlords", "wlcked oppressors", -usecond-clies
oppressors" (intellectUals), "profit-seekers from philanthropy" (usmiiI4
per-qons'iho helped the poor freely) were herded away with their entire
faroly to the village jail, there to await trial. As this was /oing on,
the guards ransacked t e house, to tic extent f horint_ LoleF; in the wallS
and pulling down the roof, and t}-en cleared away all their s)oils iosn-to
the last needle md t'avad. The victims were ciumd, naLiled A into the
air, and beaten intil they gave a Pull eonees)31.an iLud,nanded o .er "Chaireite
. Mao all title deeds tc, their orePerty as wail as te -oney and valuable*
in their possession. But the Communists, still tusn:Icious-that there
were 'stores of grain '.);iried un4erarMn. ani valuahleb hidden in relatives',
bonee, maid continue beatinp unt,1 tqe victim died 0c-wit's-le "ractures
and loss of blood.
The atrocious methods emplove,:. a:)ove wi. Id seem to be lees
�
-cruel when we comparelaftWithwhat follows ,.1.qw, market-day
-
-
which occurred every rive days, tile var7ocs "Pla.emerst Associations!, would
escott..their victims in a mass warade. The seem. Such a narade was So
appalling that my heart still pounds on recollecting what I have seen.
All female victims were stripped of their clothing, and the male onessmith
green hate on their heads. (the syMbol of having an unfaittifUl wife.) and
does far on their bodies, we made to crawl and bark like a dog uto give
a faithful confeesinn* of their worimeer. The met derogatory methods -sere
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--war
(ji.)
� eraployed on such occasions. Ai soon as the parade was over, the victim"
were igid tp the "struggle meetingit. where they Imre eibjected to a firth*, � �
� .series of tortures by being beaten with bricks and tiles�"'or slashed
knives and aese. The yells aid shrieks of the victims could be heard
miles away. One o's the nest ibrstal raothods of torture the Commaniste
encouraged their underlings to employ us to make the victim die aim
death, tho mIhrt cruel form being this. This victim was tied to a horse
or ox and pulled about. With wounds all over the body, the victim fell.
practically senseless and died slowly. As a matter of fact, none of the
victims in a mass parade co id survive the ordeal, and the number of death*
on each occasion varied between 30 and 300. Dead bodies were left ia the
open for three donseciative days, daring which no relatives or familia woad
be allowed to take them away; for burial. 1Te village market place, Stained
eith pools of blood and strewn with heaps of human bones,' thus became
deserted ad turned into a graveyard overgrown /4th weeds. Acceding
to the the villarets, nn'a lark, moonlese night, or ,a windy and reillY armingS
vent .
they could hear the shrieking of wild spirits, giving�,to their grianrammaw
lh, what a-helll
The massacres carried out by the Communists were not ponftfted
�
to the villages alone, ..but were executed in the cities, large and orals In a
ai rni in 1�1 if not vrav vigorous miner., Here is a description of bow this
urban type of asasaore lecarried �Utz A mob :headed by Coamilt
"executives," and villagt partisans with nen of the *self *fano& Corp."
�
and "representatives of the poor farmers", carrying poise and balkstsi flocked
�
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-e �
towards the city and stopped at shops andfactortos designated by-the
demonists before hand. They tied the proprietors with ropes; hauled then
up towards the ceiling, beat them ruthlessly and demanded ransom, ih cash
or in kind. 'Although all the owners had was turned over, the Communists
were not satisfied and continued to torture thembemmase they -were still
suspicious that sone grain had been hidden un.4awround and valuables
concealed in the homes of relatives and friends. Many died Of the torture,
And the dead bodies were burled in theground on which their shopA and
fact-ries used to stand. All the goods and machinery were Cleared aver
as spoils-, And not a fruition of their personal belongings was left behind*
Strmxturenrvecessary for the arteries of communication were .
not spared destruction by the Communists. For instance, along the Tidntsin..
Pulcon Railway which runs.fromiTsangchow,, Hopei ProvAn-e, An the north and
to Fulcfmr, Klangem Province, in thL south, with the exception of those
.attached to the three stations Hsuchow, Tiveysng, and Tsin**--.ell the
station buildings, warehouses, platforms, ole. were � demolished, their
original sites toned into pools, rails beat and taken awav to be hidden
� underground in villages miles away, and railroad tracks levelled and.
convnrted Into ditches. A modern and up-to-date' -HT wee thus isolated
like a primitive village.This condition prevailed at least from 1945 thilough
1948.
Singe the Comenniste have gone thro 01 two out of the three
stages in :1010h they bloodily carry out their-"Mese Movement" program,
we should Mils* that they. are nothing but liars wavelet they have
tOld us ire merely lies. is should bear in mind that the Communists
;
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have no scruples About. reeorting to anymeans in order to attain a certain
.end. The first tem-stages were brutal enough, but the final ohs Was real4 .
6
the:; were drivtng at under the fair-soundingterem INVOluntary
enlf..fitmrnt ia the armed .services". "Rv-eryttAng is for *tied services
enlistment", as the;ommunist sayir3g ends.
� Scarcely had the tide of massacres subsided, the blood of the
"landlords!' -. adele:-cked opvessort" dried and the "poor fareePhil started
to eajoy the eyoils of their conf'scatiens, when the Communists commenomd
their vigorous driVe for "vnluntary enlistments'. A black list of those
earmarked for vas :raw tin by the ComMunist "execntivesn and
the' "Farmer's Asso,:iatio_o, .1 A the "staunch supporters"-Warta told to
"take the lead" and "make estiens"._ Tn a pompous manner, maid the wank
of gongs aad drumn, the "Ar Enlistment" meeting Commenced. /n.
the opentrig speec.:., the dLa'rman of the "Fay-merle Associationn yelled*
"Thanks to tie )enevolence 1�. 'Chairman, Mao, everyone of us- has so=
in -id vate, c.'se in, and rice to eat, and is leading a
:ortabie life. -ie mu ''t not torrot that armed man of the reactionary
elements are always 17-,e:lnr. our destruction, and that the slave �
soldiers. (4atio.alist armyl are ever ready to.snatCh our fruits of victory.
0.21aIrman$ Mao now warts us to fight, and it behooves us to give resdy
respolise appeal .6 ethould enlist in the armed services out of our
- �Rs, �
own free-will." -
� No soonerrhad the chairman concluded his speech than the
"staunch 'supporters", in accordance -with a premeditated plan, raised their
hands yollinvnI will be the first to enrolli", Palmed by astaMpede
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� for enrollment by some of them who shouted: "Bravo, X.. Congratulations
on year enlistin0." .At the sere time, similar Cheers came.frop among
the spectators. Those alread,- were certain tO disappear from
their hornet quietly within tl�se days, should they 'refuse to enroll in -
' the first thstance, the-, procrastinate, and rivally hesitate in .registering,
so as to be considered as "backward". and "ignorant of the situation".
The families thece unfn %.:-IRtS' nen dared not let o'hettlie know the sad
story, and, Ihe,1 'wine asked. -fluid sin Ay i-ive the clever re:lly: "x
has left home", otherwise they would be accused of "Spreadin- rumors
4
by Nationalist Ter and thus endanger their lives.
The village Communist partisans, ev.�whilVregs of society,
would AU:rails abuse their .nmir-rs after :,.ssumini; positions of authority,
and fish in troubled waters. "Errors" of a serious nature were bound to
be committed by tnese men. Ta,ilL advantage of this, the eomminist
"executives" would 9roceed.serretly with t. 'e seiectio.: of a seoond lot.
to take theirpiace, by.mmking's "united,front" with ti.e "poor farMers".
to isolate the bullies and to it tem the "struggle" for their
Nf
, foul actions. Tn face of facts, these ex-follower� could do nothin-
but acknowledge their guilt at the mass.meeting, at which the villagers
would spontaneously rise up in order to' beat Vtese devils to death; but
in the nick of time, the principal COMMuniat "executive" would step .
�forward to save the situation by.stating: "Oomrades1 In the past these
men.haveluerved the people', but through their 'false thoughts' they
have unwittingly tranegreesed the principles of 'human sentiments'.
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Althought.hoy have dono.nothi1g worthybf merit,. thay have yet exerted some
efforts.. I pray that you mill pardqn give them a chance to eriroU
voluntarily in the armed services, and to bOntinue their training." lhe
prisoners would than realise that to enroll was their only chance of prassrving
their lives, otherwise they would receive the tame treatment as thqy had
accorded to-ethers. In this olevPr way, one lot of ax-partisans wou.14.10001611
another, and be enrolled in the armed servioamiAtlike the--never-ening rolling
ST
owaVes. The manner in which "puor fafmersr "voluntarily enlisted" was
somewhat si mi 1 a r to that of "f village partisans " . "Voluntary enlistment
for armed services', "voluntary recistratioa for stretcher-bearers", and
"voluntary enrollment for local militia" meetings became the order of the
day. From the "village militia", the registrant climbed up, step W step,
to the "section defence maw, "district defence corps", and finally to tipfr
'''Aeld army", only to serve as cannon-fodder at the front. en of the fear
catempries, once gone, would never return!.
No sooner had the iictorious "poor farmers" andimill-fed "villags.
spartisans" finished smiling over the fruits of their victory than their
'.hearts were pulled olt by -the devil's bloody hand, and they themselves led
away by their nose, with shackled bodies to their graves. It was already
too late.Jo repent then.
In the wake of the massacres staged by ths Communista in caral.ng
on their "Mass liovamant" ip the villages, the. slaughter of, thciohop and
factory proprietors in the cities, and the enlistment in the around aarviiinn
campaign, :Mere came a vast calamity brought 'about by the. Comummista,
x.uctaciod the 'population tor one., STAT.
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� third WI compared with that before the =Movement". To prove the,authentipity
of this statement let us take the case of Pingyuan, the "model district!, as
an example. According to the statistics published by the Shantung Provincial
. .
Government in the "Republican Dai] News", the dist:Act was composed of nine
sections with 880 villages and a total population of 1,010,000. However,
according .to the statement of quo Chih�yuan, "Chief of Civil Affairs-
Department of Pingyuan District" made before the meeting of the "people's -
representatives of Pingyuan District" as published in the uChinan Daily News"
(1A9)
(Read office at mankung District, Ropei Province) of Mareh this year of the
total population of that district �712,000 -- 127,000 were old men (age over 1.
40), 35,000 were young men (age 16 to 40), 117,000 were boys (age under I6),
158,000 were old women (age over 40), 134,400 were young women (age 10 to 40),
.138,000wer girls (age under 16). Several appalling facts could be deduced
by a study of the latter figures: there were more females than males, more
old men than boys, more boys than young men; the great numolau of the old
women and the small number of young men were very conspicuous; the ratio of
young men,to young women was 1 to 4. .The population was reduced by over
3002000, or over 30 per cent, as compared with wat before the Mass Movement,'
for that district alone, showing the extent of the calamity unheard of before: in
imam hiatiln, The Communist Party is the Murderers, Party, and Chu Teh and
Mao Tsioat'ung are executionerst
While the Miss Movement" was going on, not onlywere the arable
lands- "communized", but also the womamo . In many places in northern and
-Huta= Shantung, Ghietkoudhen (Rsiatain District), gsinwuchn,(Indheng
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eolae.,p4nr their age bar, but, in actual practice, they even
suraS3ed .im in the dexterity with which they tried to exterminate these
people, by killing them, ,as the Chinese eq-, with others/ knives. (Chang
linien-tionpg, otherwise known as Chang Tsurcheng, vas a roving bandit chief
previous to the ascandangy of the Manchus, alio vas notorious ter his wanton
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slaughter of the Chinese by thC.millions to satitke his bloody. desire.)
The communists used the hotheaded ignorant masses as eatis -Is,* to kill
tbeir adversaries. by starAnp bloody us rug le"; they slandhtei:ed a great. ,
A number of young people, publicly or secretly, in the name of "suppresston of
Om
anti-revolutionary elements"; they sent thousands and thousands 6f
youths, by making them Noluntarily erU.thtedth the armed services",
a �
to be slaughtered, en masse and serve as cannon-fodder at the front.
Then they cunninrly shifted the blame to others, aid accused the
"American Iaperialist reactionarLes" of be .ng inhuman beyond description,
which qualification shosil ,40.1sectly apply to ti,emselves.
The various "voluitary enlistments" male necessary by the
"Kiaotung", "Tsinan", "Huaihai", "KianInan" and "Anti-America; Aid-Korea" �
campaigns had their'immediao effect in the almost complete obliteration
�
of the yourk;or set in ',tie n)ld Liberated 4rea". At this writing, there'
remain scarcely ten young mez in e..chvIllage, by far the great majority
of them hav.lng peased to exist a the .result of the steps taken by the
Communists. The few that can still be seen in the villages must be .
Communist "executives". :Valet a great calamity to our younger generation
What a.tragedy indeed! I now proceed t, give some undieputable facts to
prove my statements. Let us travel on the Tientsin-PUkOw Railroad which
runs from Tsanghsien in the north to Pukow in the south, passing the
more important stations of Tsint&n, dauchow and ?engpu on route. Along
the entire line of dilapidated villages me sair on the plat:6rms beggars
mith7,dirty.faces and uncombed hair and hawkers *day able to make their
clients understand* their faint criewshat they ware -peddling, and
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humble peasants - workin,.. in Vie field. ?lost of the population consisted of
bmall youlig ni4ows vith sorrowf4 faces, stooped
old ion -3r grey-ha.ired 014 women. � At tire:see met a"ciriy;p3ed "soldier with
1-pit hardly one single able-bodied youth, except the' fierce-looking
�
arro,-ant young Oommnnist "executive:
"IL t..� al Aid, Teams" Degenerated into "Stupid Teamsns
k
As the afterre a � lf the bloody "Mass Movement", the large
landowners .41 Whose hands thee was an excess of grain over their actual
needs ceased to e-f st . ir nre were c 0�1.f I seated; the working
caPactty ,f the -Yrinrer get TA of tt.E, "poor farmers" WILS considerahly
re*-et by the depnrtlIre of JrAny or 'voluntary military serv-ices".;
esntais ror prodl)ct,nn sucl, -as cattle, .carts, plowths, etc,., were
scattered abwIt ahd hnea;ne. unsery'oeable thern.qth wear _:.nd tear. Consequently
once.�ertiie fnrm, uocame waste land, and market towns which formerly
1`.''411ed g of "t:ter-exchan,Tem)etween cit.es and villages" became
den.,1 v411krges. The Jommunists still persisted in more "voluntary enListaintew
To ronnteract tne 3onriunist lothod of taking the "working power" Of each
fanily nnit as the standard the villagers
'had. cleverly adopted "guerrilla
war tae,tice" by splitting up tne family-- the husband living axav from
the wi fe , the fattur. Crom the son9 brothers in separate' establishmixte �
,1
to' divert their attention. Therefore in none of the /Tare than ten district*
. .
' in western and northern Shantun,-; can we now find a big. Dujilly consisting �
of five generations. This form of disintegration of the family a.ccolerated
the breaking up of the rural economy and redriceti the productive power
*
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(including labgr and, implements of. production). Those. l' ft to attend the
farms wore t:le Young a i U'r feeble, who with their vreah.- arms a,x1 tired
legs, i�ailled the land. sit' vis' Az; with- wooden sticks rt ecra-,.F" nf iron,
ea 'their ancestors Irt in Drimi 'Ave times.
0
Deterioration at once set, I.- and rint, arric,11t-rt. !mei, to the
Late.it was in a thn Rand years aro. P.oaliz! ;t. e ncorat Ivo ...teed for
reform, tne own.' sts sn,,Frivt 0 tee: calai '.0e 4). f,i,,e1..r Soviet .eLier
b.:��;thers. They �se:It a
adv-4 sor st t..! guest' on, a�tc! advocatt.d the
adoption of the Stoney tovement, which to-ik place a:tc=i� ti.e Soviet October
['evolution. With servile obedient�, 1. ,e ...orurnuvist,s aol..Lied the Soviet
theories to tile. situation then P..st: ;no int 'tion of *at they called.
the �"1.1.itual Aid. Tea-0 plan, nth i e rr1e.-st ty in the.
4:Chirian Daily. .iews" (as I f It, werp �
to le G 1...ediate and far�readbine
effects), iv. thc not ',Let t:te enT.Le would, res..ond by sponsoring:the -
^p' r) on comet /.111 and "produc.,,ior. Inoverents. According
to the ;Jlan� a aid team" no-Lsisted of ten fami lies, each team
qv,
t., be headed by ole� .f the "staunch sur?orter11 typo. The Consminists *We
not .aware that irrest)olisibillty,procrastinat'0 rr.ld sluuishness were the
inherent weaknesses of the farrii� - lass and could nc+. be rect lied either.
by brutal force or by "revolution". To Tote a' ainese proverb: "If
one molt is told to carry water, he will bring -bock two buckets it a time;
if two monks were, put to this Job, they would brim- back one bucket;
finally, if three monks were put to the game job, 'none of them would
care to bring back any water", The "Vutuil Aid Team" movement 'ma evelltAlaik7.
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t.
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-put into operation. On the !"..ret night, the meMbers dieaussod the order:
0
of their arrx,g,ement, the length of 'time to ..:be'devotid td such work, and-
4
the place where .neetinge were to be held. On the next morning the captain
01 the team called the members to the meeting. C did not errivewhen A �
an: R were there; viten. C tnrned up B had to go home; when B returned A
absentod'hImself. Much time was wasted in this manner, And when all .
the members were present, 't was already 11 a.m.. No sooner had thqy
anent half ar ',our in cutt*np away the grass than they had to return bone
nay aftex day, month after month. not a piece'of lend had
qaean thermally tilled and the eields were overgrown with.weede. Wester,
A
ami northern Shantling'was thus turned into a big natural prairie good
only !"or rats .4; cattle, and the once rich fields w'-re converted into
mftadme. 'Ryon .he seeds already sown in such unproductive lands�
id heon'/Bst, 1, i i no any increase in productton ems out.e.the goestiasi
Aa a silent i'rntest t th's Soviet imported "Mutual Aid Team* wet=
2*
(AL Chu Tu'), the villagers nicknamed it the wan Tu Tau" meaning �Stupid.
Team",
Close U,on the heels of tne calamities brought about by the
uStu:id Team* plan cane a series of Communist impositione and. requititleme
,1n4er various names such' as *spring advance ).evy", "summer wheat requieitiesV
.te
*autumn grain requisition*, .weinter aroma lerym, etc. (designed _to
exercise control Over the diet of the people as. they did With the contrei �
on fodler), which brought further digestant. Added to all thee, ealamd.tiee,
'�
there was a deat.th at snow the previous winter and lack of heavy .raine i*
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the following spring, so that the soil became as dry as ,Cracked atone
and All sprouts withered when the sowing Beason came in March.�To
prevent the drought that was. about to come, the Communists introduced'
a m6vement whereby one well no to be lug for every Chinese acre of land'
and peasants of the "atau.lch/ supporter" type wenainstructedto take the
lead. HaVing gained enough experience fro:.: the massacres .that followed .
the "Maas Movement", the vilLagela gave a vers, cold receptIon to this
plan by adopting a-policy of procrastilat'.1n, with the retnit that,
instead of proper wells, h,A.Ps Of�vario.s Sizes and dei,ths could be
found evarvwh re, thus spollin: 7.W.allzr the iood 1)oksrb,t -Ilse the est.
up of the fields. At places along the r4 ver (stioh as Machlaho, Pingraan
District) LuAl near the elannel .(sudh as .1;haawa-.7.chs., yucheng District),
the "staunch supt)orters", led by !3ommun1st "executives", tried to avert
� the calamity by blocking, the waterway or brea.;0.n1; up the channel to let
the but as the water Level was already too low,. their efforts
� �
proved of no avail. not only was,n0 improvement made In the situation,
but also colsiderable damage was caused to the waterwuys to which eubeequent
inundations were attributable. The Communiets began to lose patience and
placed their blame on the pod of Heaven, against whom the various "Farmers'
�
Associations" were instructed to stage uslrugglean, Accusing Him of being 7.
nfaudalistion also. Chuahutun, pingyuan District, and Pelchen, Kaotang
District,-werethe places where each "struggles" were ;staged. Under the'
COalinnist jurisdiction, even.tbe 06d of Hitaven was not spared from -
anlyetatione This tends to sabstantiate our statement that the atrocities
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of the .;ordraunists have no parallel in history. Of the mew faMiliel in
northern aid wegtorn Shantung; few- hart eneu�-th food to last another days
or a place whe.-e tLey could raise a loan. Tituiger-stricken neeple, � children
ci-v .� ;r food, wooer. in tears, and -ad persons -loaning with illness
out., De sec) rer:-.14 are. What a sad p.i.ct..re adeedi .
to Sov'et.. ��;issia a i'rilary Need'
The � -.1.5.,ers -5 tesc.-ibed above lad assumed such sericnIs
. .rt . .3 "r: a. o ortait 'No came afraid lest the ir authority over
Vr � �; had no.. � vtsliIate4 might be affected; Zystemiitical4
a
� �1.,ti. o L eiz� e� � ;lo an: "Avert. the disaster. by ell
-1,..k1s1., a .1/wror t it M e:* e.� 11. le with their usnal methods of hiding
ei4 tan_te �trY� ne es. e r new �,1a,. was nnt 10 ive rerief
e ir ie iv 1(. 4.; r*tr from their grparte Bp
iv -t� No-1 'e s i le' � art.' 14 name "self-relief
5.�)-() tticti)-t" Inn "wrz� .1; ) nolie:" � 'rile first measihre was nothing.
more . e n( .1,13 A. J.\ 01.; -bag o_ Agriculture WOO
�z. , t)0.�,..k.11,di 4eo.ioto .:at ieaves, roe �..s and earth,
mea s 1..roadz,. resor+,ed to by -�ne people themselves. In order that these
trees ires ol the ur.i verse fal.,0-.t be "eqta.i.ly J vide& at -1 not usurped by those
wit- bi-er "labor ower", the Uolimu.,ists t,,ok the trouble. to aivide np the
various 'places of prod-et-Ion for a..L'Iotmpnt t.) the ..mop/e. -.)uld the limited
mrloly of Vele treasures be exLausted, then the' second measure, 'wor'k in
,lieu of relief", a corollary to the first one, "self-relief by prodUctionN
would app4. The former ser-red s:mAy for propaganda purposes, while the latter
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%
malre..the real. motive of t*e Communists, a poisonous drug coated with
sugar. ishould like to Lay special emphasis on this . point and wish
to drew the attention of the 'peace-losing people of .the Free World thereto.
Under this flair4ounding name, the Communiit *executives" praised "Chairman"
Mao far his may benevolence, .saying that he was very .much concerned with
the.oalamities befallen the people; and then suggested that the sufferers
&mild go to look for 'farm work elsewhere. A-number of able-bodied young
�
ass voUld thus be enticed to enlist voluntarily in the "farm labor eorps",
and after being classified by the distri$t "executives" according to their
"labor power", would .be put in cattle-vans and sent, under ctver'of
darkness, to the front lines asatretcher-oearers,to serve as cannon-fodder,
or to Siberia via Manchutia as oxen and horses for their Soviet elder
brothers, or to Eastern Europe via Chinese Turkestan as hard-laborrre for
theirlbrother countriesfts In the face of starvation, these peer
sufferers had no alternative ut to entrust everythin: to God.
In this
manner Ter 100,000 sufferers had been sent to Soviet Russia and
Eastern Eufope to serve as slave-laborersl
_Under order from their Soviet masters and with a view to
"liberating the whole world", the Commuhf.sts sponsored a movement for the
cultivation of cotton and peanuts. Each family 'was required to allot at
least one Chinese acre. for t14 cultivation of cotton and two Chinese acres
.for peanuts. So much importance was paid to this matter that ComnunIsta
of all ranks from the magistrate doWts, to the last "executive" woad proceed
to the villages to see. that the instructions were Carried out, and all
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"executives" of the district as well asmembers of associations and.
students ser.,mobilied to assist the farmers in sawing the seeds:
It WM interesting indeed that the geode issued by the CommUnist Government
to the farmers were imported from the United States, especially .the Cotton
seeds.
J -
For the pest several years the wheat harvest had fallen below
per, dne to the calamities, natural and artificial, as descAbed above. �
A
in Peidhen, Kaotang District, the highest output per Chinese acre was only
70 setties. After deduction of 30 settles an tax and payment of other
I;vies, there resuLtr*Lharay 30 satties for the farmer, a greater part
Stilton. labor for' the year had thus been absorbed by the Communists. To
meet their dire needs before the harvest time, may farmers had to cut the
stalks off before the grains were ripe, but they would have difficulty
in Paying pp their taxes afterwards. In carrying out their policy of
exaction, the Communiets unduly boosted up the basic scale of their taxes
and applied the moit derogatory farina of Famishment to those *hose taxes
fill in smear", by making them wear a "law hat" an their heads and a bleak
bend on their arms as if they were in animmdmgo After Famishment, they
had still to pay up the arrears in the next harvest season, .p142 a fine
for deterred peyment calculated at a ilite.mimy more times the; that
usually diargaby the oldweklad usurer. Ono* in arrears, the roor.earmers
could never extricate thenswaves from their indebtedness. So they lived
at a new bone" and died as a *delinquent ghost*.
In the spring of every year, the stocks of grain turned in by .
the various districts were delivered at repass intervals to designated
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stations on the Tientsin40Ukow Railroad ter the *Farmers I-Asseeiptionei
under orders frogs the Communists. svery station on the line, largo' Or
. .
man, into filled with stank. of wheat, within a netosork Of bested �
vire, interspersed with ma chin-tun nests and sentry post. These please
verS inaccesible except under special passes, and. the tranegreeear
faced the danger of being allot on the spot as a *Nationalist opyll or
an *unruly elegantly � These stacks, the blood and sweet of the 1,511016
vere negatived gamy after several days to be transported to Soviet Mamie .
via Manchuria. Until the mainland is recovered, the 450 iii 11
Chine se will have to serve Soviet Russia like cattle. .
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