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17142 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE.
located to the terminating employees. The
reinsurance would then pick up any addi-
tional liability on behalf of those employees.
The employer would continue operation of
his plan, with the remaining assets, on be-
half of the continuing employees.
Where there is no termination, the pro-
gram would not be applicable but the per
capita past service amortization payment on
a plan exceeds some specified percentage (e.g.,
200 percent) of the initial per .capita past
service amortization payment, usually as a
result of a severe reduction in the work force,
the reinsurance would assume any past serv-
ice liability financing required which is in
excess of the specified percentage.
The second type of risk different from
those which we have been discussing and
which should be insured against, is the risk
of depreciation of the funded assets. The
risk involved in the situation is probably
very slight and is not dependent on the size
of the unfunded liability. The premium for
this risk is, therefore, computed separately
than the premium for insuring the unfunded
liabilities. While the risk here would de-
pend upon the types of assets, it would prob-
ably be administratively unfeasible, as well
as undesirable to set reinsurance premiums
for individual investments at the same time
consideration might be given to vary the
premium by class of assets; i.e., Government
bonds, stocks, mortgages, etc.
Since the premiums established, particu-
larly with respect to the second risk out-
lined above, may eventually prove to be
excessive, the legislation includes a provi-
sion authorizing the administrator to pro-
vide for the suspension or reduction of
either type of premium for a period of time.
F. ESTABLISHMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF
REINSURANCE SYSTEM
The most logical existing agency to ad-
minister the system of reinsurance for pri-
vate pension plans would be the Social Secu-
rity Administration in the Department of
Health, Education and Welfare. In addition
to having the actuarial and technical per-
sonnel who are engaged in a similar opera-
tion, the administration by the social secu-
rity offices would provide an opportunity for
automatic notification to a prospective pen-
sioner under a private plan at the time he
files an application for social security bene-
fits.
The legislation authorizes the Secretary to
borrow moneys from the Treasury for the
? establishment of a reinsurance fund. This
money would be repaid by the premiums
which the fund would receive and the legis-
lation would thereby achieve a self-financing
status at no cost to the public.
SOCIAL SECURITY AMENDMENTS
OF 1964?AMENDMENT (AMEND-
MENT NO. 1174)
Mr. RIBICOFF. Mr. President, pen-
sion and retirement programs for fire-
men and policemen have traditionally
been considered separately from other
employees. These men face unusual
hazards in their daily work, and because
of the nature of their jobs, often retire
at an earlier age than the rest of the
work force. As a result their pension and
retirement plans have been developed
with regard to their special needs, par-
ticularly the likelihood of early retire-
ment.
The social security system is based on
a general pattern of retirement at age
65, with the choice in recent years of re-
tiring at age 62 and accepting reduced
benefits. Because these retirement ages
are generally unrealistic for firemen and
policemen, these employees have not
previously been included as a class within
the social security system if covered by
State or local government retirement
systems.
In some States a decision has been
made that it would be advantageous to
extend social security coverage to fire-
men and policemen, and where this is
true, Congress has extended coverage
on a State-by-State basis. Some 19
States are now included.
The pending social security bill, how-
ever, abandons the State-by-State ap-
proach and establishes a uniform pro-
gram for all firemen and policemen. It
is true that under the new provision,
those presently employed could elect to
remain outside the social security system,
but in any municipality a small minority
of the firemen or policemen could elect
coverage not only for themselves but for
all future employees. The result might
well be a substantial impairment of the
local pension and retirement rights of
firemen and policemen in the years to
come.
I believe these valiant public servants
are entitled to continue under the pro-
visions of law now in existence. I see no
justification for changing the rules in a
way that might be harmful.
I therefore submit, for appropriate ref-
erence, an amendment to H.R. 11865 to
strike out the new section changing the
social security status of firemen and po-
licemen.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tern-
pore. The amendment will be received,
printed, and appropriately referred.
The amendment (No. 1174) was re-
ferre to the Committee on Finance.
A NDME1IT OF FOREIGN ASSIST-
ANCE ACT OF 1961?AMENDMENT
(AMENDMENT NO. 1175)
FOREIGN DEVELOPMENT LOANS SHOULD BE
GRANTS OR LOANS?BUT NOT BOTH
Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, I
send to the desk an amendment to" the
foreign assistance authorization bill, H.R.
11380, which I ask that it lie on the table
and be printed at the conclusion of my
remarks.
My amendment would increase the rate
of interest on development loans to the
same amount that it costs the United
States itself to borrow money.
In reporting H.R. 11380 three able and
distinguished members of the Senate
Committee on Foreign Relations, the
senior Senator from South Dakota [Mr.
MUNDT], the senior Senator from Oregon
[Mr. MoRsE] , and the senior Senator
from Ohio [Mr. LAUSCHE], in a cogent mi-
nority report, pointed up the problem
with our development loans when they
stated:
We cannot justify making grants and call-
ing them loans.
This is exactly what we have been do-
ing in the foreign aid program to the
tune of billions of dollars.
The practice has become widespread in
-
the development loan program of auto-
matically granting soft terms on the vast
majority of loans made. For example, in
the calendar year 1963, $1,057,925,000 in
loans were made by the Development
Loan Fund at interest rates of three-
August 3
fourths of 1 percent repayable in 40
years with a moratorium on the repay-
ment of principal for the first 10 years.
This amount represents 90 percent of the
tOtal amount of loans made under the
Development Loan Fund during that
year.
Even assuming that these loans will be
repaid?and that is an assumption that
flies in the face of the financial histories
of many of these countries?the more
than a billion dollars in development
loans made by AID last year alone con-
tains a hidden grant of approximately.
$800 million which the American taxpay-
ers will have ,to pay in the many years
ahead because we made these soft loans
in 1963.
I ask unanimous consent that there be
printed at the conclusion of my remarks
a list of loans made-in calendar Year 1963
alone at the rate of three-fourths of 1
percent service charge, repayable in 40
years, with a moratorium on the repay-
ment of principal for the first 10 years.
We are told that the low rate of inter-
est is necessary because the borrowing
countries do not have sufficient foreign
exchange to pay a higher rate of interest.
A closer examination of the loans
made shows that this argument has no
substance. Rather it can be said that it
has become an almost automatic pro-
cedure to grant these loans at these low
rates of interest.
Consider the loan made on December
4, 1963, to the Government of Tangan-
yika for a commodity development train-
ing center. The principal sum of this
loan was $250,000. Interest on this sum
at three-fourths of 1 percent amounts
to $1,875. At 4 percent interest per an-
num, the interest rate would be $10,000.
The difference is $8,125. The Govern-
ment of Tanganyika could raise this ad-
ditional sum by cutting down on the im-
port of only two Cadillacs a year.
Let us also consider the loan of $350,-
000 to the Government of Turkey. At
three-fourths of 1 percent interest or
service charge the interest rate per year
would be $2,625. At 4 percent interest
the amount would be $14,000 per year.
The difference would be $11,375 per year.
In his report on out-aid program in Tur-
key in June 1964, the CoMptroller Gen-
eral states:
Because neither the Turkish Government
nor the (AID) Mission exercised adequate
control over commodity imports and the
operations and investment programs of state
enterprises, aid funds frequently were used
for nonessential or low priority purposes.
This confirms my own evaluation con-
tained in my report of a study of the
foreign aid program in 10 Middle Eastern
and African countries for the Committee
on Government Operations. I stated in
my report, with respect to the AID pro-
gram:
AID dollars are loaned or granted to aid in
a particular country's economic develop-
ment. To prevent those dollars from being
diverted into meeting that country's budget
deficit or for the importation of luxury
goods, it is essential that firm controls be
exercised by AID to follow the dollars and see
to it that it is in fact being used for the eco-
nomic development of the country to which
it is loaned or granted. This study indicated
that such firm controls are not being exer-
cised.
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1964
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 17143
It is obvious that with a little austerity
in its imports Turkey could have man-
aged to discover the additional $11,375
needed to pay the U.S. interest at the
rate of 4 percent rather than to expect
the United States to make a combined
loan-grant to it.
In my report, I stated with respect to
these three-fourths of 1 percent loans:
It is time to stop fooling the American
people. These are not loans-they are com-
bination loans and grants-with the' grant
portion coming close to equaling the amount
of the loan.
There is great opposition to this
amendment-or, for that matter, to any
amendment increasing interest rates on
loans under our foreign aid program.
In the recent disaster which befell the
State of Alaska, I tried most unsuccess-
fully to persuade the Administrator of
the Small Business Administration to re-
duce disaster loans from 3 percent to the
lesser interest rate we charge under our
foreign aid program for loans to aid the
private sector of foreign countries-
three-fourths of 1 percent. As I said, I
did not succeed. My proposal was met
with a variety of objections.
First, I was told that these loans did
not go to the private sector of the foreign
countries-they only ended up there
after the foreign government had tacked
on a tax in the form of an additional in-
terest rate. That our money was being
used to strengthen the private sector of
foreign economies was conveniently for-
gotten.
Then, I was told that I did not have a
full appreciation of the thinking of busi-
ness. I was told that to a businessman,
the interest rate was of secondary impor-
tance when compared to the other terms
offered, that is, the repayment period
and any moratoriums on repayment.
But when we seek to increase the
interest rate-as I shall do through this
amendment-to a rate equal to that paid
by the United States on its own borrow-
ings, interest rate becomes a vital mat-
ter and we are told that? if the amend-
ment succeeds then the foreign nations
will be unable to borrow.
This I cannot understand.
Low interest rates are not necessary
and are unimportant when they concern
Alaska businessmen, stricken by one of
the greatest natural disasters to befall
any State. But when they concern for-
eign borrowers, low interest rates be-
come the be-all and end-all of the entire
program and we are warned that the
program will fall unless the interest rate
is kept at three-fourths of 1 percent per
year.
This is called having one's cake and
eating it, too.
This argument I cannot understand
and will not support. If interest rates
are unimportant to Alaska businessmen
seeking to borrow money from the
United States in time of disaster, then
they are unimportant to foreign govern-
ments seeking to borrow money from the
United States to aid the private sectors
of their economies.
If the AID administrators are trying
to tell the Congress that Tanganyika
would turn down the loan of $250,000
from the United States merely because
of an annual inttrest rate increase of
$8,105 then they are asking the Congress
to believe something that is well-nigh
unbelievable.
If there is to be equality of treatment
both here at home and abroad then my
interest rate amendment should be en-
acted.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tern-
pore. The amendment will be received
and appropriately referred; and, without
objection, the amendment and list of
loans will be printed in the RECORD.
The amendment (No. 1175) submitted
by Mr. GRUENING, was received, and or-
dered to lie on the table, as follows:
On page 1, between lines 6 and 7, insert
the following:
"TITLE 1-DEVELOPMENT LOAN FUND
"SEC. 101. Section 201(d) of the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, which
relates to the Development Loan Fund, is
amended to read as follows:
"'(d) Funds made available for this title
shall not be loaned or reloaned at rates of
interest excessive or unreasonable for the
borrower and in no event shall such funds
(except funds loaned under section 205 and
funds which prior to the date of enactment
of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1964 were
authorized or committed to be loaned upon
terms which do not meet the minimum
terms set forth herein) be loaned at a rate
of interest of less than the rate arrived at
by adding one-quarter of 1 per centum per
annum to the rate which the Secretary of
the Treasury determines to be equal to the
average annual interest rate on all interest-
bearing obligations of the United States then
forming a part of the public debt, as com-
puted at the end of the fiscal year next pre-
ceding the date the application for the loan
is approved and by adjusting the result so
obtained to the nearest one-eighth of 1 per
centum.'"
Redesignate the succeeding sections under
part I, accordingly.
The list of loans presented by Mr.
GRUENING is as follows:
Loans made by the Agency for International Development to foreign countries during calendar year 1903 at % of 1 percent for 40
years' (repayable in dollars)
Country, borrower, and purpose
Date of loan
agreement
Num-
ber of
years
re-
pay-
ment
Inter-
est
rate
Amount of
loan
Country, borrower, and purpose
Date of loan
agreement
Num-
ber of
years
re-
pay-
ment
Inter-
est
rate
Amount of
loan
LATIN AMERICA
Argentina:
Government of Argentina:
Central Housing Bank
Route 12 road project
Road program loan
Feasibilities studies
Grain storage facilities
Bolivia:
Government of Bolivia:
Access roads
La Paz-El Alto Highway
El Alto Customs Center"
Banco Industrial, S.A.: Assist in
financing subloans
Government of Bolivia: Argricutural
Bank
Brazil:
Credito & Financiamento S.A.: De-
velopment bank
Cia. de Carbonos Coloidois: Carbon
black plant
Government of Brazil: Emergency
stopgap assistance
Super Desenvolvimento, N.E.:
Emergency electric power
Chile:
Government of Chile: Development
program
Colombia:
Government of Colombia: Feasibility
studies -
National Housing Institute of Colom-
bia: Self-help housing
Colombia Institute of Agrarian Re-
form: Supervised agricultural credit
Government of Colombia: Mineral
June 3,1963
Jan. 21,1963
Mar. 18,1961
June 3,1963
Oct. 10,1923
Aug. 1,1923
Aug. 17, 1963
do
do
do
Mar. 6, 1963
Mar. 11,1963
Apr. 24, 1963
Oct. 29, 1963
Jan. 31,1963
June 26, 1963
do
do
O...+ IQ 1003
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
An
34
%
%
94
.8/,
%
%
%
yi
%
%
%
%
:34
%
%
%
%
8/
$12, 500, 000
6,700, 000
30, 500, 000
3, 000, 000
21, 700, 000
7, 200, 000
3, 400, 000
2, 200, 000
2,400, 000
3, 700, 000
4, 000, 000
2, 000, GOO
25, 500, 000
2, 400,000
35, 000, 000
4, 000, 000
7, 500, 000
10,000, 000
9 AAA non
LATIN AMERICA-COD.
Costa Rica:
Banco Nacional de Costa Rica: Agri-
cultural development
Republic of Costa Rica:
Slum replacement housing
Cachi hydroelectric project
Metro emergency water supply
IIIRC/AIC highway program
COFISA: Financing subloans
Dominican Republic: National Housing
Bank: Savings & Loan Association
Ecuador:
Government of Ecuador:
Quito-Quevedc road
Economic and engineering studies_
Administrative and fiscal reform
El Salvador: -
Republic of El Salvador:
Primary school construction
Agricultural loan program
INSAFI
Honduras: Government of Honduras:
Small water systems
Jamaica: Government of Jamaica: Project
assistance
Nicaragua: Government of Nicaragua:
Las Mercedes Airport
Panama: Instuto de Acuedlctos: Water
supply and sewerage system
Peru:
Government of Peru:
Lima water, sewerage
Feasibility studies
Uruguay: Banco Hipotecaric del Uru-
guay: Home construction
.
July 23, 1963
do
do
do
do
Dec. 23, 1963
Jan. 2, 1963
,
Sept. 1,1923
Sept. 4, 1963
Sept. 2,1963
Sept. 18, 1963
do
do
Aug. 22, 1963
Nov. 29, 1963
July 25, 1963
Feb. 6, 1963
Mar. 15, 1963
do
Feb. 28,1963
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
%
%
34
%
Vi
%
%
Yi
N
%
.%
Vi
%
3%
%
%
%
94
.%
.54
$5, 000, 000
2, 000, 000
1, 500, 000
1, 400, 000
2, 100,000
5,000, 000
2, 100, 000
2,700, 000
2, 000, 00C
1, 600, 00C
2, 400,006
8, 900, 00(
4,500, 00(
1, 050, 001
1, 600,001
1,000, 001
6, 000, 001
8, 600, 001
3, 000, 00:
6, 000, 001
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17144 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
August 3
Loans made by the Agency for International Development to foreign countries during calendar year 1963 at % of 1 percent for 40
years' (repayable in dollars)-Continued
Country, borrower, and purpose
Date of loan
agreement
Num-
ber of
years
re-
pay-
ment
Inter-
est
rate
Amount of
loan
Country, borrower, and purpose
Date of loan
agreement
Num-
ber of
years
re-
pay-
ment
Inter-
est
rate
Amount of
loan
LATIN AMERICA-COIltilltled
AFRICA
Venezuela:
Cameroon: Government of Cameroon:
C.A. Bank for Economic Integration:
Extension of railway system
Aug. 27, 1963
40
94
$9, 200,000
Feasibility studies
Nov. 29,1963
40
%
$2, 500,000
Ethiopia: Government of Ethiopia: 3d
Home loan department
do
40
94
10, 000, 000
highway program
Dec. 2, 1963
40
34
4,000,000
Ivory Coast: Government of Ivory
FAR EAST
Coast: Highway equipment
Nov. 29, 1963
40
%
1, 700, 000
Liberia:
Korea: Government of Korea: Changsong
Government of Liberia: National
.
Coal Mine District
Dec. 7,1963
40
94
9,500, 000
.,
medical center
Monrovia Power Authority: MT
Dec. 5, 1963
40
%
5, 300, 000
NEAR EAST AND SOUTH ASIA
coffee hydroelectric project
Government of Liberia: Monrovia
Sept. 26,1963
40
94,
24,300, 000
Afghanistan:
Junior-Senior High School
Oct. 23,1963
40
94
1, 700, 000
Government of Afghanistan:
Mali:
Ariana Afghan Airlines
Mar. 23,1963
40
54
2, 625, 000
Government of Mali:
Transport equipment
Dec. 3,1963
40
91
2,000,000
Teachers Training College
Dec. 4, 1963
40
%
2, 100,000
India:
Central Veterinary Laboratory at
Government of India:
Bamako
do
40
%
1, 100, 000
Ramagundam thermal power_____
May 21,1963
40
Yt
8, 400, 000
Niger: Government of Niger: Develop-
Delhi C thermal power
Satpura thermal power
Mar. 8,1963
do
40
40
94
i4
16, 000, 000
25,100, 000
ment bank
Nigeria:
Dec. 14,1963
40
94
500, 000
Central Ropeway F project
Oct. 21, 1963
40
%
7, 700, 000
Government of Nigeria:
Nonproject imports
Feb. 25, 1963
40
94
240, 000, 000
Ibadan water supply
Dec. 4,1963
40
%
12,100, 000
Chandrapura thermal stage IL___
Oct. 21,1063
40
%
16, MO, OW
Calabar-IKCM Road
do
40
%
8, 600, 000
Fifth railway loan
do
40
94
15, 850, 000
Somalia: Government of Somalia: Chisi-
Cucga coal washery plant
Tarapur nuclear power
Nov. 29, 1963
Dec. 7,1063
40
40
VI
94
5, 100, 000
80, 000, 000
maio port
Sudan:
do
40
94
3, 600, 000
Nepal: Government of Nepal: Nepal In-
Dec. 8, 1963
40
94
1, 000, 000
Government of Sudan:
dustrial Development Corp.
Industrial development bank
July 14,1963
40
9.4
2,000,000
Pakistan:
Khartoum sewerage
Dec. 7,196.3
40
94
3, 800, 000
Government of Pakistan:
Tanganyika:
Sawmill and timber extraction_ _ _
Oct. 23, 1963
40
94
2, 200,000
Government of Tanganyika:
Malaria eradication program_ _ _ __
Fob. 28, 1963
40
94
3, 800, 000
Cares Salaam water supply system
May 20,1063
40
94
2,200, 000
Airport and airways equipment. _
Mar 22, 1963
40
94
2, 100,000
Urban water supplies
Dec. 4,1963
40
%
1, 300, 000
Salin content and reclamation
University college
Oct. 9,1963
40
94
800, 000
project No. 2
do
40
%
10, 800, 000
Teacher training college
Dec. 4,1963
40
%
850,000
General commodities, 2d
Chains anchorage project
Mar 27, 1963
Mar 22, 1963
40
40
%
94_
30, 000, 000
3, 600,000
Commodity development train-
ing center.
do
40
%
250, 000
Feasibility studies__
Mar 27, 1963
40
'74
2, 000, 000
Agricultural college
do
40
94
1,250, 000
CPS and Maini-Recbna DCAB
Program loan
Dec. 6,1963
40
%
1,000, 000
project
Coastal embankment project
Aug. 15, 1963
do
40
40
94
%.
750,000
6, 500, 000
Electrical equipment
Tunisia;
do
40
%
300, 000
General consultants
do
40
ri,.
4, 400, 000
Government of Tunisia:
3d commodity loan_
Sept. 28, 1963
40
%''4
70, 500, 000
Water and irrigation projects
Feb. 15, 1963
40
94
2,400, 000
General services in public Health__
Dec. 9, 1963
40
VI,
1,500, 000
Commodity assistance
June 20,1963
40
%
15, 000,000
Investigative services
Nov. 20, 1963
40
9'4,
5, 600, 000
Construction of university
Oct. 31,1963
40
1,800, 000
5th railway loan
Telecommunication expansion
Machinery pool Organization
do
Oct. 23,1963
Dec. 9, 1963
40
40
40
%
%
94.
14, 500, 000
4, 700, 000
5, 000, 000
Agricultural equipment
Uganda:
Government of Uganda:
do_
'
40
,94
94
6,500, 000
WAP CA .
Development bank
Oct. 4,1963
40
y
2, 000, 000
Mechanical equipment
Turkey:
Nov. 20, 1963
40
%
1,100, 000
Secondary schools
Oct. 11, 1963
40
8
2,400, 000
Government of Turkey:
Keban and Ciceroz feasibility
studies.
July 15, 1963
40
94
350,050
-). Grand total for all countries
1, 057, 925, 000
Feasibility studies
Oct. 15, 1963
40
ii,
3, 000, 000
General commodities
Sept. 11, 1963
40
35, 000, 000
United Arab Republic-Egypt:
Government of United Arab Re-
public:
Cairo West power project
Feb. 20, 1963
40
94
30, 600,000
Cardboard project
Nov. 12, 1963
40
%
5, 700, 000
I Source: "Status of Loan Agreements" (W-224), Agency for International Development, as of Mar. 31, 1964, Office of the Controller, AID.
Total amount
Total amount
Argentina
$74,
400, 000
Ethiopia _ $4, 000,000
Bolivia
18,
900, 000
Ivory Coast 1, 700, 000
Brazil
33,
900, 000
Liberia 31, 300, 000
Chile
35,
000, 000
Mali 3, 200, 000
Colombia
23,
500, 000
Niger 500, 000
Costa Rico
17,
000, 000
Nigeria 20, 700, 000
Dominican Republic
2,
100, 000
Somalia 3, 600, 000
Ecuador
6,
300, 000
Sudan 5, 800, 000
El Salvador
15,
800, 000
Tanganyika 7, 900, 000
Honduras
1,
050, 000
Tunisia ,_ 25, 700, 000
Jamaica
1,
500, 000
Uganda 4, 400, 000
Nicaragua
1,
000, 000
Total 1, 057, 925, 090,?,
Panama
6,
000, 000
Peru
11,
600, 000
Uruguay
6,
000.000
Venezuela
Korea
12,
9,
500, 000
500, 000
INTEREST EQUALIZATION TAX
Afghanistan
4,
625, 000
ACT-AMENDMENTS (AMEND-
India
414,
150, 000
MENT NO. 1176)
Nepal
Pakistan
1.,
169,
000, 000
450, 000
Mr. GORE submitted amendments, in-
Turkey
United Arab
Republic
38,
350, 000
tended to be proposed by him, to the bill
(H.R. 8000) to amend the Internal Reve-
(Egypt)
36,
300, 000
nue Code of 1954 to impose a tax on ac-
Cameroon
9,
200, 000
quisitions of certain foreign securities in
order to equalize costs of longer term
financing in the United States and in
markets abroad, and for other purposes,
which were ordered to lie on the table
and to be printed.
NOTICE OF HEARINGS ON SENATE
RESOLUTION 204, RELATING TO
PERSECUTION BY THE SOVIET
UNION OF PERSONS BECAUSE OF
THEIR RELIGION
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, as
chairman of the Committee on Foreign
Relations, I desire to announce that the
committee will hold a public hearing on
the resolution (S. Res. 204) , condemning
persecution by the Soviet Union of per-
sons because of their religion, beginning
at 10:30 a.m. in room 4221, New Senate
Office Building, on Monday, August N.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2014/02/21: CIA-RDP66B00403R000300090007-4