TERRORISM REVIEW

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP88-01203R000200060002-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 33
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 9, 2012
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: March 24, 1988
• Content Type: REPORT

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Directorate of
Intelligence
MASTER FILE CRY
DO NOT GIVE OUT
Oil MAK ON
Terrorism Review
-sftf."_
DI TR 88-006
24 March 1988
659
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Terrorism Review
24 March 1988
Focus: The Threat to US Personnel in the Philippines) 25X1
Intelligence Community
5 Highlights
The Evolution of Middle East-Origin Terrorism in Western Europe:
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Terrorism Versus Diplomacy: Syria Reacts to Growing Egyptian Influence
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25 The Terrorism Diary for May
Chronology of Terrorism-1987-88
Counterterrorist Center
welcome and may be directed to the Executive Editor
This review is published biweekly by the Directorate of Intelligence. Other
elements of the CIA as well as other agencies of the US Intelligence Community
are encouraged to submit articles for publication. Comments and queries are
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DI TR 88-006
24 March 1988
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Intelligence Community regional and counterterrorist analysts met on 19 Febru-
ary to reassess the threat to US personnel in the Philippines. A similar session
was held in November 1987-reported in the 8 December 1987 Terrorism
Review following the killings of US military personnel near Clark Airbase. In
November 1987, a lack of evidence prevented the Intelligence Community from
making a firm judgment about who killed three US servicemen near Clark
Airbase, though the Communists were the most likely suspects. Community
analysts are now confident the Communists were indeed responsible, and the
available evidence points to the Central Luzon Commission of the Communist
Party of the Philippines (CPP) as the instigators of the killings.
The Threat to Americans Since November 1987
Intelligence analysts agree the Communists were responsible for the killings of the
servicemen but disagree about the level, nature, and implications of the decision to
target Americans. Three basic viewpoints prevail at present:
? One view holds the decision to target and kill Americans has been ratified by the
party at the highest levels and is now policy.
? Another view suggests that, although a policy decision to kill Americans may
have been made, some party members are trying to delay the implementation of
the policy and to continue the debate over benefits and costs of the killings.
? A third view believes a final decision about killing Americans has not been made
and is still under debate within the CPP.
The consensus is that the CPP continues to target Americans, and nearly all
Americans remain vulnerable to any concerted and determined attempt by a New
People's Army (NPA) "sparrow unit," or assassination squad. Analysts believe,
however, several factors will impinge on any Communist decision to attack an
American:
? The CPP is not occupied solely with killing Americans. Any such decision would
be made in a larger political context.
? Even if the party has made a decision to kill more Americans, its past record in-
dicates that it is not rigidly wedded to its previous decisions; it might retreat
from such a decision if the consequences seemed unfavorable.
? Some of the NPA hit squads are thugs who carry out the assassinations; they di-
verge in motivation and tactics from those who make the decisions.
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The Intelligence Community judges the threat to Americans has increased and is
now more serious than the "moderate" threat level we assessed in November,
because the CPP is now openly discussing killing Americans and may have decided
to kill more.
Communist Motivations
Intelligence analysts believe a Communist decision to attack more US personnel
would not be a freewheeling vendetta but would be designed to achieve strategic
and tactical objectives that contribute to the overall CPP goal of overthrowing the
Philippine Government. Some of these key objectives include:
? Create greater political instability, undermine the climate for investment, and
drive a wedge between the United States and the Aquino government by
demonstrating the inability of the Filipinos to deal with terrorist attacks.
? Demonstrate potency both at home and abroad, and perhaps gain greater
material and political support from abroad by attacking Americans.
? Raise the costs to the United States of supporting the Philippine Government
and undermine Washington's resolve.
? Force the US and Philippine Governments to concentrate on military rather than
long-range social and political solutions to the insurgency.
This high-risk strategy could inflame anti-US nationalism and build support for
the CPP program, but it could also work against the Communists should their
violence generate greater domestic and international condemnation of their
activities. Moreover, should the United States respond more forcefully to future
killings, the benefits derived by the Aquino government could outweigh potential
Communist gains.
Most Likely Targets
Although any of the more than 100,000 US personnel in the Philippines is a
potential target, the degree of difficulty of a potential operation will be an
important factor in choosing a subject to strike. Given similar levels of political
value, terrorists probably will attack the more accessible subject. The Communists
are most likely to go after those who can be linked to counterinsurgency efforts.
Likely targets include:
? Uniformed military personnel in frequent contact with Philippine units, such as
Joint United States Military Assistance Group (JUSMAG) personnel and the
defense attaches, probably are at greatest risk because they are both vulnerable
and identifiable.
? Government officials, especially the Ambassador and military commanders at
Clark and Subic Bay, are at risk because of the psychological and propaganda
value from a successful assassination. Officials who have high visibility and little
protection in Manila, Davao, and other key locations are also at risk.
? Businessmen and other nonofficial personnel are probably less at risk because
they have less political status. Nevertheless, some might be kidnaped and held
for ransom; others might be attacked to create fear.
? Dependents are not likely to be at high risk, although an attack against US
dependents could create massive fear and uncertainty, and, for this reason, might
be considered by the NPA.
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Communist Tactics and US Response
The NPA will continue to target and, perhaps under certain circumstances, attack
Americans. The demonstrated inability of the Philippine Government to find the
perpetrators of the Clark killings raises the prospect that further attempts will be
The Communists do not appear to have any pattern or timetable for an action. In-
telligence analysts believe they will try to remain unpredictable, thereby maintain-
ing pressure on both the Philippine and US Governments. Should an attempt be
made against US personnel, it probably would be timed to coincide with other
events to heighten public controversy about the US-Philippine relationship. An
attack would be most likely to occur:
? As a response to high public controversy about base negotiations with the United
States.
? As a response to successful government actions.
? As a response to public or press allegations of US meddling in the Philippines.
The Philippine Government Response
The Philippine Government, beyond high-level expressions of sympathy, was not
affected by the killings of three US servicemen last October. Unable to prevent the
murder of its own citizens, it is not likely to take the position that an American life
is worth more than a Filipino life and to devote greater resources to deal with fu-
ture attacks on US personnel. Some Filipino officials believe Americans now share
the burden that Filipinos have suffered for sometime. Under such strained
circumstances, the Intelligence Community concludes the Philippine Government
is not likely to respond in any significant way should the killing of Americans re-
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Highlights
Significant Developments
involved in the "armed struggle."
Iparretarrak Leader Arrested
French police in February arrested five members of the French Basque terrorist
group Iparretarrak, including suspected leader Philippe Bidart. The arrests may
provide an election boost for French Prime Minister Chirac in the normally
socialist Basque region; at any rate, it is another significant coup in his
antiterrorist campaign. Bidart had been wanted in the murder of two policemen
and two gendarmes and had been on the run for six years, most recently escaping a
massive police search in July. Iparretarrak issued a communique following the
arrests, acknowledging the blow to the group but warning the government of its
continued existence and determination. It urged Basque patriots to become
facilities. Of the reportedly 40 to 60 members, 20 are now in jail.
Iparretarrak is a small, violent group that has claimed approximately 60 bomb and
gun attacks in the last few years. It usually targets government, police, and tourist
17 November Group Begins Year With Two Attacks
The first two attacks in 1988 claimed by the Greek terrorist group Revolutionary
Organization 17 November indicate it will continue to attack both US and Greek
interests. The assassination attempt against a US Drug Enforcement Administra-
tion (DEA) agent in Athens on 21 January was justified as an attack on a CIA
agent working on narcotics matters with Greek authorities. The group claimed it
would attack other Americans until the last "mercenary" had left the country. The
agent was the target of a bomb-hidden outside his home-that failed to explode.
In 1987 Americans were the tar ets in two of the three attacks carried out by 17
November
the kneecapping of another businessman in February 1987.
The group returned its focus to Greek issues with the murder of Alexandros
Athanassiadis in Athens on 1 March. Athanassiadis was the manager of a group of
manufacturing firms and was killed because of his crimes against the working
class, according to a letter left at the scene. The proclamation also criticized Prime
Minister Papandreou's economic and political policies that 17 November claimed
have resulted from US blackmail. Athanassiadis, shot at close range in his car
while waiting at a traffic light, was the first Greek target of 17 November since
Major Terrorist Freed by Greece
The Greek Minister of Justice's decision to release Italian terrorist Maurizio Folini
suggests the Ministry will lean toward a liberal interpretation of "political crimes"
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illegally importing weapons into Italy.
in future decisions on terrorists. Following seven months of appeals and extradition
hearings, the Deputy Prime Minister and Justice Minister Koutsogiorgas quashed
an extradition ruling handed down and confirmed by Greek courts in September
and released one of Italy's most wanted terrorists. The Minister said the offenses
were "mainly political" or "not illegal in Greece," despite the Greek court's ruling
that eight of the 12 charges presented by Italy fell within the Greek criminal code.
These charges included kidnaping, attempted murder, armed robberies, and
Folini has been a fugitive since 1981 and was sentenced in absentia to 18- and 10-
Although Folini claims to have broken with terrorism in 1979, there are rumors
that he has continued to be a major arms supplier for the Red Brigades. He
showed no signs of repentance when arrested, did not cooperate with Greek police,
and clearly expected to escape Italian justice. He has contacts with the Popular
Front for the Liberation of Palestine, the Palestine Liberation Organization, Syria,
and East European security services. Codefendants have said Folini is active in
spreading Qadhafi's political and cultural ideologies in central and southern Italy,
through radio and television stations in Rome and Naples that he finances.
Japanese archeologist. All were released because of lack of evidence.
Cooperation between Greek and Italian police led to Folini's arrest in June for en-
tering Greece with a false French passport. Among several others arrested with
Folini were a Greek Government employee, Paola Roscam Staraki-ex-wife of
suspected terrorist loannis Starakis; a former high government official; and a
West Germany Charges Brought Against Hammadi
Frankfurt's chief public prosecutor on 8 February announced that Muhammad
Hammadi, a Lebanese, had been formally charged with complicity in the
hijacking of a US plane in 1985 and the murder of an American passenger, as well
as with taking hostages, aggravated assault, blackmail, and possession of explo-
sives. The prosecution alleged that Hammadi and a Lebanese accomplice took over
TWA Flight 847 on 14 June 1985 and forced the crew to fly to Beirut by
threatening them with pistols and handgrenades. In Beirut, Hammadi and his
accomplice allegedly shot and killed Robert Stethem, a US Navy diver. West
German authorities in Frankfurt airport arrested Hammadi on 13 January 1987
after they discovered he was carrying a false passport and was attempting to
smuggle four bottles of liquid explosives into West Germany. No trial date has
been set; if convicted, Hammadi could be sentenced to life.
Possible Car-Bomb Attack in Jerusalem Aborted
On 4 March, Israeli police in Jerusalem discovered an abandoned vehicle with 10
kilograms of high explosives cached in the front seat. A detonator and timing
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abandoned the vehicle, and fled.
device were also in the car, although the device was not armed or configured for
remote control detonation. Police discovered the vehicle-bearing Israeli license
plates-crashed against a utility pole not far from the Jerusalem Hilton, where
Secretary of State Shultz was staying. The driver of the car fled the scene and
could not be located. Fatah claimed responsibility for the purported car bomb in
an announcement released in Beirut. The announcement claimed the Secretary of
State was the target of the attack but that the driver of the car had an accident,
The chief of the terrorism branch for the Israeli Defense Forces said there was no
evidence Shultz was the target, although the incident probably was connected with
his visit. Although Fatah's claim is suspect because of a lack of corroborating
evidence, it is possible the group designed an operation-later aborted-to
coincide with the Secretary's visit in an effort to u ermine the US peace initiative
and to embarrass Israel.
Bus Hijacking in Israel
Khalil al-Wazir (Abu Jihad), leader of Fatah's Western Sector, reportedly claimed
that the three Palestinian terrorists killed in the bus hijacking on 7 March near
Beersheba, in southern Israel, belonged to his organization. The hijacking-in
which three Israelis were also killed-ended when Israeli troops stormed the bus.
Abu Jihad reportedly claimed the hijacking was in retaliation for the deaths of
three PLO officials in a car-bomb attack in Cyprus last month. The PLO accused
Mossad of conducting that operation. On 12 March Israel retaliated for the bus hi-
jacking by carrying out airstrikes against Palestinian positions east of Sidon,
Lebanon.
the group neither claimed nor denied responsibility for the operation.
French Intelligence Official Assassinated
The French Defense Ministry has acknowledged that a French citizen killed on 2
February in East Beirut worked for the French counterintelligence service
(DGSE). Unidentified gunmen shot Jacques Merrin, reportedly the DGSE's
deputy chief in Lebanon, as he got into his car after meeting with the director of
Lebanese Internal Security. Lebanese Forces official Ili Hubayqa has accused the
Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) of conducting the
attack, but an ASALA leader in an interview published on 2 March emphasized
Although the evidence so far is circumstantial, ASALA is one likely suspect for
Merrin's slaying. ASALA is a prime suspect in a similar operation-the shooting
of three French soldiers in East Beirut last October, resulting in two deaths.
At east one other group as targeted French 25X1
interests in East Beirut: a Hizballah member arrested in February 1987 claimed
he had assassinated the French defense attache there in September 1986.
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Oxfam Officials Abducted in Lebanon Released
On 8 March the Abu Nidal organization (ANO) released Peter Coleridge, the
Middle East coordinator of the Oxfam relief agency, and the agency's representa-
tive in Lebanon, Omar Tarabulsi, after abducting them six days earlier. The two
were set free at the home of Mustafa Sa'ad, Sunni leader of the Popular Nasirite
Organization, whose militia controls Sidon. An ANO spokesman said the men
were not kidnaped but had been arrested for security reasons after Coleridge, a
Briton, was seen taking photographs at the Ain Helwah refugee camp east of
Sidon. Coleridge claimed to have exercised bad judgment by taking pictures in an
area where Palestinians are sensitive about the security measures in the wake of
repeated Israeli airstrikes
possibly Palestinians
It is probable that other Palestinian groups pressured the ANO to release the two
officials. The abduction of the Oxfam officials came one day after the release of
two United Nations Relief and Works Agency officials, who had also been
kidnaped near Sidon and had been held for one month by unidentified captors,
West German/Lebanese Hostage Released
Ralph Schray, a Lebanese-West German dual national who was abducted in West
Beirut on 27 January, was released to Syrian authorities on 3 March. A group call-
ing itself the Strugglers for Freedom announced it was releasing Schray after
personal efforts from Syrian President Hafez Assad had produced unspecified
"commitments and guarantees." The group also called on West Germany to
release TWA Flight 847 hijacker Muhammad Hammadi and his brother Abbas.
contributed to the group's decision to free Schray.
We suspect Hizballah elements abducted Schray in an attempt to pressure Bonn to
grant leniency toward the Hammadi brothers. The West German Government,
however, apparently did not put so much emphasis on freeing Schray as it has on
freedom for the remaining West German, Rudolf Cordes. Pressure from Syria-
which saw the abduction as a challenge to its control of West Beirut-also
Ties to Kurdish Terrorists
Syrian concern with its antiterrorist image has caused it to distance itself from the
Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK) while closely monitoring the group's activities.
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South/East Asia
Syria.
Relations between Syria and the PKK have been strained since last year when
Syria-in response to Turkish pressure-began to distance itself from the group.
In March 1987, Syrian officials ordered the transfer of all Syrian-based PKK
members into the Bekaa Valley. Four months later, prior to an official visit by
Turkish Prime Minister Ozal in July, Syria also closed the PKK office in
Damascus and told Ocalan to leave the city. Despite the deterioration in Syrian-
PKK relations, there is no indication Damascus plans to evict the group from
training facilities in the Syrian-controlled Bekaa. Syria has two main motives to
preserve ties to the PKK: it views the group as a bargaining chip to win concessions
from Ankara on bilateral issues, and the ruling Alawite regime maintains a
political alliance with the pro-PKK Kurdish minority population in northeast
Karen Bombing Campaign?
Police officials suspect the Karen National Union (KNU) was responsible for a
bombing near the Czechoslovak Embassy on 7 March. The explosion caused some
minor damage to property, although there were no casualties. It was the second
bombing in or near Rangoon this year and the first attack directed at a non-
Burmese target. Earlier in January, a time bomb exploded on a passenger train en
route to Rangoon, killing at least eight persons and wounding more than 40. The
KNU is also sus ected in the bombin of the Thamada Theater in Rangoon late
last year.
claimed he had undergone sabotage training with at least 17 other insurgents.
Their intended mission was to carry out terrorist attacks until the end of April.
We believe the KNU may be gearing up for a bombing campaign this spring. In
January, state-controlled press reports indicated that a captured KNU insurgent
insurgency.
suggest a campaign is probable and underscores the lethal potential of additional
Karen attacks. We believe the apparent bombing campaign is likely to continue
sporadically to draw both national and international attention to the KNU
Nevertheless, the timing and placement of the most recent bombing incident
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Eastern Europe/USSR
his sock
Hijacking Foiled
A lone hijacker, armed with a pistol, failed in an attempt to hijack a domestic
Pakistani International Airlines flight out of Karachi on 12 March. Abdul
Mannan Achakzai was overpowered by a security guard on the flight deck
moments after demanding the pilot fly to Kabul. The US Consulate in Karachi re-
ports that Achakzai appears to be involved in arms and drug smuggling, and he
may have been seeking the release from prison of certain criminal accomplices.
The US Consulate in Karachi described security at Karachi airport as "lamenta-
bly lax" despite the tightened security procedures that followed the attempted
hijacking of Pan Am Flight 73 in September 1986 and an ongoing hijack alert.
The X-ray screening machine broke down after only half the passengers had
boarded the plane, and Achakzai passed the body search by hiding his gun inside
hijacking while the aircraft was airborne.
Soviets Attack Aircraft To Foil Hijacking
Press accounts vary on exactly how Soviet authorities ended the hijacking of an
Aeroflot flight on 8 March, but the Soviets employed what apparently is standard
procedure for such incidents: a direct assault on the aircraft to overpower the
hijackers. In addition, crews almost certainly are instructed to do whatever
possible to land their aircraft in the Soviet Union. In the six successful hijackings
of Aeroflot aircraft since the 1950s, the crews apparently were not able to bring
the aircraft down in the USSR. According to the press, the approximately 34
failed attempts have all ended in shootouts aboard the planes after they had landed
in the Soviet Union. We believe at least some Aeroflot flights are flown with
security agents aboard, but we have no reporting that they have stooped a
The Soviet press reported that in this latest hijacking at least nine persons-a
stewardess, three passengers, and five hijackers-died and 20 were wounded
during the shooting and reported explosion aboard the TU-154. Initial reports
from TASS indicated Soviet soldiers forced their way aboard the aircraft shortly
after it landed at a military airfield near Leningrad. Another account reported
police stormed the plane after several hours of negotiations. In any event, the
various reports suggest security forces inflicted some of the casualties among the
passengers and crew. The hijackers ordered the plane to fly to London, but the
crew convinced them they were landing in Finland to refuel. In 1983, 10 persons
were killed when a hijacked Aeroflot aircraft was stormed in Tiblisi after the pilot
returned the plane there rather than fly to Turkey as demanded by the hijackers.
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The Evolution of Middle East-Origin
Terrorism in Western Europe:
1985-87
Middle East-origin terrorism in Western Europe has
fallen in the last two years. Although states sponsor-
ing this terrorism have also changed their relative
levels of activity significantly, we believe none has
abandoned such attacks. Despite fewer incidents,
Middle East terrorist spillover remains an important
and alarming part of international terrorism. Effec-
tive counterterrorist measures have reduced but not
eliminated the attractiveness of Western Europe as a
venue for Middle East-origin attacks.
ist incidents.
In the last two years, Middle East-origin terrorism
declined from earlier record levels. In 1987, there
were 42 incidents of Middle East spillover in Western
Europe, compared with 39 in 1986. This reflects a
return to the 1980-83 period, when there was an
average of about 35 incidents per year. An upsurge in
attacks occurred in 1984-there were 61 attacks-
and peaked in 1985 with 74, including the year's most
dramatic and violent incidents worldwide. The num-
ber of attacks indicates little about the impact of this
terrorism, which has generally been far out of propor-
tion to its minor statistical place among overall terror-
Attacks have changed in both type and target chosen.
The majority have been assassinations and bombings.
In the early 1980s, Americans were rarely specific
targets. Middle Easterners mostly attacked each oth-
er: Western Europe happened to be a convenient
location. In the mid-1980s the pattern shifted as
groups added Western targets. Palestinian and state-
sponsored groups recruited emigres and students,
making Western Europe a base of operations for some
groups and individuals. We expect Middle Eastern
groups operating in Europe will increasingly use
personnel in place to plan operations, although assas-
sinations still are likely to be carried out by imported
hit men.
State sponsors have been particularly prominent in
guiding or supporting international terrorism in West-
ern Europe. Although only one or two states have
been behind the majority of attacks in any given year,
few groups would be able to operate outside the
Middle East without the support of the three major
terrorist state sponsors: Libya, Syria, and Iran. Some
groups have developed extensive commercial and busi-
ness dealings that make them less dependent on state
sponsors. Other Palestinian groups have operated in
Western Europe for years, using student and guest
worker populations, and slipping past loose travel and
visa restrictions. We believe Lebanese Shia radicals
are attempting to do the same. Most of these groups
have received their inspiration-and in some cases,
direct guidance-from state supporters.
1985: The Year of the Palestinians
Palestinians were responsible for a record number of
incidents worldwide in 1985-well over 200 attacks-
and committed 60 percent of the terrorist spillover
acts in Western Europe. Many of these incidents
arose from bitter intra-Palestinian disputes and from
Syria's backing of Fatah rebels. Elements of Fatah
carried out 10 attacks in Western Europe, mostly
against Syrian targets, although three Israelis were
murdered on a yacht in Cyprus. Attacks occurred
against a number of countries holding Palestinian
prisoners-Italy, Greece, and Switzerland were
among the nations that experienced attacks and de-
mands for the release of jailed Palestinian terrorists.
The Abu Nidal organization (ANO) was the most
active Palestinian group worldwide and in Western
Europe. Sponsored principally by Syria, the ANO's
closer relationship with Libya coincided with the
group's attacks against Americans late in the year.
The radical Palestinian group committed a dozen
attacks in Western Europe in 1985. The ANO was
responsible for some of the year's bloodiest incidents:
? In September, grenades thrown into a hotel in an
Athens suburb wounded 19 British tourists.
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Middle East- Origin Terrorist Attacks
in Western Europe
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? Two weeks later, grenades thrown by ANO opera-
tives at a cafe in Rome wounded 38 tourists,
including nine Americans.
? In November, ANO terrorists hijacked an Egyptair
plane from Athens to Malta. They shot a total of
five US and Israeli citizens in the head, killing two,
before Egyptian commandos stormed the plane in a
disastrous rescue mission.
? In December, ANO terrorists simultaneously at-
tacked the Rome and Vienna airports, killing 20
persons and wounding 120. The group received
logistic support from Libya in both attacks as well
as in the Egyptair hijacking
There were two other major incidents of Middle East
spillover, one committed by a Palestinian group, the
other by Lebanese Shias. The Palestine Liberation
Front-a group under the PLO umbrella-led by
Abu Abbas, hijacked the Achille Lauro cruise ship in
October. One US citizen was dead when the incident
ended in Egypt several days later. The original target
had been Israel, but the inexperienced operatives,
upon being discovered, hijacked the ship before it
docked in Israel.
the hijacking.
The hijacking of TWA Flight 847 may have foreshad-
owed developments in 1986 and 1987, marking the
first major terrorist event in Western Europe commit-
ted by pro-Iranian Lebanese Shias. The hijacking,
unlike other events in 1985 in which US citizens were
targets of opportunity, was a deliberate attempt to
capture as many Americans as possible. After pro-
longed negotiations, Hizballah members released the
US citizens they had been holding separately in
Beirut. One US serviceman had been killed early in
1986: The Year of Libya and Syria
The issue of state sponsorship of terrorism came to a
head in 1986, when both Libya and Syria were caught
instigating major terrorist actions in Western Europe.
The activities of these two states were so egregious
that even previously reluctant West European states
took steps to halt such terrorism, acting both unilater-
ally and through multilateral diplomatic cooperation.
Palestinian activity in Europe was down, especially by
the ANO. It committed only two acts of terrorism in
1986, an attack against a synagogue in Istanbul and,
outside Europe, an attempted hijacking of a Pan Am
plane in Pakistan.
Libya's share of terrorist incidents remained virtually
the same: 19 attacks worldwide in 1986 compared
with 17 in 1985, but targeting by Libya and the
lethality of its attacks was markedly different. After a
phase of antidissident activity cooled in early 1985,
Qadhafi's increasing involvement with radical Pales-
tinian groups became evident. Libyan support for the
ANO in the Egyptair hijacking and the Rome and
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Vienna massacres-including writing communiques
for the group and supplying it with passports-
indicated a more virulent turn to Qadhafi's terrorist
plotting, particularly against the United States.
Middle East-Origin Attacks
by Location, 1985-87
In early April, Libyan-backed terrorists bombed a
discotheque in West Berlin frequented by US service-
men. The powerful bomb killed three persons and
wounded more than 200. Following US airstrikes
against Tripoli and Banghazi, a rash of anti-US and
anti-British attacks occurred; then Libyan activity
subsided in mid-1986. Only one of these postraid
attacks, a foiled plot to bomb a US Air Force facility
in Ankara, occurred in Western Europe
Syria became bolder in anti-Israeli attacks; rarely
before had these taken place outside the Middle East.
In 1986, Syria was involved in three terrorist plots in
Western Europe. The bombing of a German-Arab
Friendship Society building in West Berlin in late
March was the work of hired Palestinian terrorists. A
second attempted bombing by the leader of the same
group of mercenaries had far more serious implica-
tions. An unwitting Irish woman was stopped before
boarding an El Al plane in London with a powerful
and sophisticated bomb that would probably have
killed in midair the more than 300 passengers. The
investigation and trial of the Palestinian cousins in-
volved directly implicated senior Syrian intelligence
officials. Damascus was also implicated in another
attempted attack against an El Al plane in Madrid
some months later
activity throughout 1987.
The cumulative impact of these events generated the
first concerted action in years against Middle Eastern
terrorism by the European Community. West Europe-
an governments were shocked into action, particularly
by the US military action against Libya. Several
Libyan "diplomats" were expelled, and some Western
Ambassadors were recalled from Syria. Border con-
trols and bilateral and multilateral responses im-
proved. Syria and Libya reduced their profiles dra-
matically, which was reflected in lower terrorist
1987: Shia Terrorism Revealed
With Syria and Libya quiet and the ANO also
refraining from out-of-region attacks, Iranian-
United Kingdom 2 2 3
West Germany 4 2 3
25X1
inspired terrorism came to the fore in 1987. Although
many of these acts were committed in 1986, they were
not attributed to radical Lebanese Shias at the time.
In early 1987, a series of arrests by French police
unraveled a terrorist cell that had committed the
dramatic series of bombings in downtown Paris
throughout 1986.
Extensive Shia involvement in terrorism became evi-
dent in Western Europe in the Paris bombings. The
cell that carried out the Paris bombings was led by a
charismatic pro-Iranian Tunisian national-with ties
to the Lebanese Hizballah-who recruited other
North African emigres. Lebanese from Beirut provid-
ed the explosives, according to the 25X1
press. When explosives buried by the cell leader were
compared with unexploded portions of bombs from a
rail station and the Eiffel Tower, they were found to
be chemically identical. This discovery tied the group
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to the Paris bombings. Identical liquid explosives were
carried by the group in Paris and were found in the
possession of known Hizballah members, the Ham-
madi brothers, who had been arrested in Germany
some two months earlier. This linked the Paris cell to
Hizballah
There is not enough evidence to determine what role,
if any, Iran played in the activities of these Hizballah-
associated terrorists in Europe. The arrests in West
Germany set off a wave of kidnapings in Lebanon,
and those in France ultimately provoked ruptures in
diplomatic relations and a hijacking in Europe later in
1987. Two German and three US citizens were
kidnaped in Beirut in January. Tunisia and France
broke diplomatic relations with Iran over allegations
of Iranian support for the Paris cell. At yearend,
however, France had resolved its diplomatic impasse
with Iran and backed off from claims of Iranian
sponsorship, probably as part of a deal with Iran to
free two French hostages. One German hostage was
freed amid press speculation that ransom had been
paid and an agreement had been reached to give the
Hammadi brothers lenient sentences. We believe the
agreement also included a West German pledge not to
extradite Mohammad Hammadi, one of the hijackers
of TWA Flight 847, to the United States.
in Western Europe.
Apart from Middle Eastern involvement in France's
worst bombing episodes, attacks in 1987 were less
dramatic than in previous years. One-third of the
attacks in Western Europe were assassinations-all of
Middle Easterners by Middle Easterners. No anti-
Western terrorist spectaculars occurred as in the
previous two years. Iranian agents were more active in
assassinating regime opponents, attacking seven anti-
Khomeini dissidents. Qadhafi operatives resumed a
decadelong campaign of killing Libyan dissidents but
killed only two Libyans, botching a third attempt.
Qadhafi directed his wrath against France for its
presence in Chad, but none of these attacks took place
The year's most spectacular incident-and only hi-
jacking-occurred in July when a Lebanese national
hijacked an Air Afrique plane departing Italy and
diverted it to Geneva, Switzerland. The hijacker killed
one French national and demanded the release of the
Hizballah and Lebanese prisoners in West Germany
and France. The incident was also noteworthy be-
cause the terrorist boarded the flight in the Central
African Republic, although the actual hijacking and
murder took place in Europe. As Hizballah apparent-
ly attempts to expand its operating ability outside
Lebanon, other locales with many Shia residents, such
as West Africa, are also likely to see a rise in spillover
attacks.
Prospects for 1988
There is considerable potential for Middle Eastern
terrorists to continue to operate in Western Europe.
Many Western counterterrorism officials, although
pleased with their successes since mid-1986, caution
that terrorists may only be lying low under tighter
police scrutiny and concede that high levels of securi-
ty cannot be maintained indefinitely. Western Europe
hosts large populations of students, immigrants, and
guest workers from many Middle Eastern nations who
may easily be tapped for membership in terrorist
groups or for logistic support in terrorist operations.
Large Muslim populations, easy access from the
Middle East, relatively porous borders, and an abun-
dance of targets suggest Western Europe will remain
the venue for the majority of Middle Eastern terrorist
attacks that occur outside the Middle East.
As Qadhafi's sense of humiliation from US airstrikes
in 1986 continues to diminish, we expect that he may
launch a major attack in 1988 against French or US
targets, possibly in Western Europe. Syria is likely to
be more circumspect. Most of the other Middle
Eastern groups active in Western Europe appear to
respond more to events in the Middle East than to
events in Western Europe, apart from the arrests of
their members. For example, there may be renewed
attacks against France when the North African cell
comes to trial. We expect an upsurge in Middle
East-origin terrorism if there is movement in the
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long-stalled Middle East peace process; if the Persian
Gulf situation involves greater confrontation of West-
ern powers; or if the Palestinian-Shia camp wars in
Lebanon subside further, freeing Palestinian and Leb-
anese groups for activities outside their region.
15 Secret
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Terrorism Versus Diplomacy:
Syria Reacts to Gr win
Egyptian Influenc
Syria is keeping open the option of terrorism against
Egypt-along with diplomacy-in competing for
dominance in the Middle East. Syria's leading role in
ostracizing Egypt from the Arab world after Cairo
signed the Camp David accord leaves Syrian Presi-
dent Assad with little flexibility to deal openly with
Egypt and the growing challenge to Syria's domi-
nance in the region. The Amman summit meeting in
November 1987, which resulted in the reestablish-
ment of formal diplomatic relations between Egypt
and nine Arab League countries, again leaves Syria
struggling to maintain its position in the Arab world.
As Egypt's gradual reintegration into the mainstream
of Arab affairs begins to eclipse Syria's prominent
role, the two countries may find themselves competing
for influence in the Middle East.
If Assad intends to ease Syria's hardline position in
the near future, he will be forced to work behind the
scenes, exploring various tactics ranging from estab-
lishing a discreet dialogue with Cairo to terrorism,
both options that Syria has previously employed.
Although outside interlocu-
tors are willing to help promote a Syrian-Egyptian
reconciliation, Assad has made no firm commitments
but continues to maneuver to take advantage of these
overtures. Assad ultimately may be forced to do so, if
only to maintain Syrian influence in the Arab world.
terrorist attacks against Egypt.
In the meantime, Assad retains the option of using
terrorism. Syrian support for numerous Egyptian
opposition groups headquartered in Damascus since
the early 1980s has been overt and unconditional.
Groups such as the National Front, led by Egyptian
ex-General Sa'd al-Din Shazli, have received Syrian
training in terrorist tactics and sabotage. Although an
overt use of terrorism would be considered a sign of
bad faith by the Gulf states and would jeopardize
chances for much needed, future financial assistance,
Syria has ample precedent for using surrogates in
Eagles of the Revolution bomb
Egyptair office in Cyprus. Attack
later claimed by individual arrest-
ed in Egypt for possession of ex-
plosives with intention to bomb
Foreign Ministry building in
Cairo.
Eagles of the Revolution bomb
post office in Cairo resulting in one
death.
Eagles of the Revolution attack
Egyptian Embassy in Ankara.
No Syrian-sponsored attacks against Egypt took place
during the 1980s, but covert Syrian support for groups
capable of hitting Egyptian interests has continued.
Sa'iqa, a 25X1
group established in the late 1960s to represent Syrian
interests in the Palestine Liberation Organization,
reactivated its "Eagles of the Revolution" special
operations unit in 1984 at Syria's request. The group
was responsible for several bombings of Egyptian
interests in the late 1970s and for attacking Jordanian
targets in 1984 and 1985, in the wake of Jordan's
resumption of diplomatic relations with Egypt and
Hussein's dialogue with Palestine Liberation Organi-
zation leader Yasir Arafat. 25X1
25X1
Syria retains close 25X1
Secret
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contacts with various Palestinian groups such as
Sa'iqa, which could also be used to hit Egypt. Never-
theless, press reports that Syria is preparing terrorist
operations remain unsubstantiated.
Although a fundamental change in Syria's anti-Egyp-
tian position is unlikely, Syrian economic ills are too
great to risk alienating its Arab financial benefactors
by overtly opposing their wishes for Egypt's reintegra-
tion into the Arab world. Damascus' recent maneu-
vering is no doubt intended to provide Syria with
tactical flexibility in the face of changing political
dynamics in the Arab world. Although we do not
foresee a resurgence of Syrian-sponsored terrorism
against Egypt in the near term, Assad, a master at
hedging his bets, will retain the option of employing
terrorism by continuing to nurture ties to terrorist
organizations
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The Terrorism Diary for May 25X1
event.
Below is a compendium of May dates of known or conceivable significance to
terrorists around the world. Our inclusion of a date or event should not by itself
be construed to su . est that we expect or anticipate a commemorative terrorist
El Salvador. The first week of May contains several dates important to leftwing
and rightwing elements; consequently, political violence tends to peak during this
period.
1 May 1888 Socialist world. May Day (commemorates labor violence in Chicago).
Peru. Destruction of electoral material in Chuschi, Cangallo Province, marks
beginning of armed struggle by Sendero Luminoso; anniversary is commemorated
by acts of violence throughout May.
2 May 1982 Argentina, United Kingdom. Argentine cruiser Belgrano sunk by British subma-
rine in Falklands war.
3 May 1986 Sri Lanka. Air Lanka jetliner bombed by Tamil separatists at Colombo airport; 16
persons killed, 40 others wounded.
4 May Israel. Independence Day.
4 May 1919 China. Students form Anti-Japanese Movement.
4 May 1978 Namibia. Kasinga Day (commemorates raid by South African forces that left
hundreds dead).
4 May 1986 Japan. Chukaku-ha (Nucleus Faction) fires five homemade rockets at opening of
Tokyo Economic Summit; no casualties.
5 May 1862 Mexico. Cinco de Mayo (commemorates victory over forces of Napolean III).
5 May 1941 Ethiopia. Liberation Day.
5 May 1945 Netherlands. Liberation Day.
5 May 1954 Paraguay. Coup against elected government of President Federico Chavez by Gen.
Alfredo Stroessner Mattiauda.
Secret
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5 May 1981 Northern Ireland. Death of Provisional Irish Republican Army member Bobby
Sands in hunger strike.
6 May 1900 Iran. Birthday of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
8 May 1945 East Germany, Czechoslovakia. Liberation Day.
West Germany. Capitulation of Third Reich.
8 May 1979 El Salvador. On steps of San Salvador cathedral, police fired into crowd
demonstrating solidarity with leftwing activists who had occupied French and
Costa Rican Embassies; at least 25 demonstrators killed.
8 May 1984 Libya. Armed dissidents attack Qadhafi's Azizziya barracks.
9 May 1881 Romania. Independence Day.
9 May 1945 USSR, Poland, Yugoslavia, Albania. Victory Day.
9 May 1976 West Germany. Suicide in prison of Ulrike Meinhof, founding member of Red
Army Faction.
10 May 1985 India. Night of Sikh bombings leaves 80 dead, 200 wounded in New Delhi, other
cities.
11 May 1983 Chile. Anti-Pinochet protests put down forcefully by government.
11 May 1984 Chile. Wave of bombings against government targets.
13 May 1981 Vatican City. Attempt on life of Pope John Paul II by Mehmet Ali Agca.
14 May 1811 Paraguay. Independence Day.
14 May 1948 Israel. Republic Day (declaration of independence).
Middle East. Beginning of first Arab-Israeli war.
14 May 1985 Sri Lanka. Tamil separatists kill more than 150 people in machinegun attack on
Buddhist shrine at Anuradhapura.
15 May 1948 Palestinians. Palestine Day (end of UN mandate); 15 May Organization, founded
in 1979 by remnant of Special Operations Group of Popular Front for the
Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), takes its name from this event.
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16 May 1983 Sudan. Founding of Sudanese People's Liberation Army (SPLA) and Liberation
Movement (SPLM).
16 May 1985 Peru. Sendero Luminoso group marks fifth anniversary with wave of bombings,
including US Ambassador's residence and Chinese Embassy.
17 May 1814 Norway. Constitution Day (independence day).
17 May 1983 Lebanon, Israel. Signing of troop withhdrawal accord (known as 17 May
agreement).
17 May Muslim world. Approximate date of Id al-Fitr (feast celebrating end of Ramadan).
18 May 1980 Peru. Beginning of armed struggle by Maoist group Sendero Luminoso (Shining
Path).
South Korea. Civilian uprising in Kwangju against military rule; usually marked
by student demonstrations.
18 May 1981 Northern Ireland. Death of Provisional IRA hunger striker Raymond McCreesh.
19 May 1890 Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh's birthday.
19 May 1895 Cuba. Death of Jose Marti.
20 May 1927 Saudi Arabia. Independence Day.
20 May 1972 Cameroon. National Day (declaration of republic).
20 May 1973 Western Sahara. Polisario begins armed struggle.
20 May 1978 Japan. Opening of New Tokyo International Airport (Narita); annual focus of
demonstrations and terrorist attacks.
22 May 1972 Sri Lanka. Republic Day.
23 May 1949 West Germany. Proclamation of federal republic.
23 May 1951 China. Tibet declared to be under Chinese sovereignty.
24 May Buddhist world. Birthday of Gautama Buddha.
25 May 1810 Argentina. Beginning of revolution against Spain.
25 May 1892 Yugoslavia. Birthday of Josip Broz Tito.
25 May 1923 Jordan. Independence Day.
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25 May 1946 Jordan. Constitutional Monarchy established.
25 May 1963 Africa. African Freedom Day; Day of Africa (founding of Organization of African
Unity).
25 May 1965 Colombia. Founding of Communist Party of Colombia/Marxist-Leninist
(PCC/ML), now-defunct parent organization of terrorist group People's Libera-
tion Army (EPL).
25 May 1967 Bermuda. Bermuda Day (constitution adopted).
26 May 1966 Guyana. Independence Day.
27 May Israel. Jerusalem Day.
28 May 1983 France, French Caribbean. Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance (ARC) surfaces
with 17 coordinated bombings.
30 May 1919 Afghanistan. Independence from Great Britain achieved.
30 May 1961 Dominican Republic. Liberty Day (assassination of Gen. Raphael Trujillo).
30 May 1967 Nigeria. Declaration of independence by Biafra.
30 May 1972 Israel. Massacre at Lod Airport by members of Japanese Red Army.
30 May 1981 Bangladesh. Assassination of Ziaur Rahman.
31 May 1910 South Africa. Union Day (four provinces merged to form Union of South Africa).
31 May 1961 South Africa. Proclamation of republic.
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listen to a propaganda talk. No group has claimed responsibility.
homes in San Juan Loma Alta. They were freed the next day after being forced to
Chronology of Terrorism-1987-88
this publication are not included.
Below are described noteworthy foreign and international events involving
terrorists, or the use of terrorist tactics, which have occurred or come to light
since our last issue. In some cases, the perpetrators and their motivations may not
be known. Events and developments that have already been described elsewhere in
26 December El Salvador: Eight armed assailants kidnap a soldier and five civilians from their
29 December Colombia: Guerrillas from two fronts of the Colombian Revolutionary Armed
Forces (FARO) coordinate attacks on towns of La Montanita and El Pajul in
Caqueta Department. One civilian was killed, and five soldiers as well as two
civilians were woundedd
killing one policeman and wounding another.
the commander of the municipal garrison, whom they killed outside of town.
Colombia: FARC guerrillas attack Valdivia in Antioquia Department and block
its main highway, stopping all traffic headed toward the Atlantic coast. Six
guerrillas were killed during the attack. The assailants abducted a police corporal,
fund office.
Colombia: Seventy members of the FARC attack Gaitania in Tolima Department,
killing a policeman and wounding five others. Before leaving the town, the
terrorists destroyed its police post and raided an arsenal as well as an agrarian
5 January Colombia: Armed members of the FARC attack police station in Magdalena,
6 January Peru: Sendero Luminoso (SL) assailants kill official of the Ministry of Interior in
Huamachuco. 25X1
11 January Colombia: FARC assailants kill a police officer and five civilians in Pozo Azul,
Bolivar Department. F--] 25X1
Peru: SL terrorists machinegun and kill state bank employees in Cangallo
.Province. A bank secretary, who was returnin with the grout) from a weekend in
Ayacucho, was released without being injured.
Secret
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Santander Department.
him in the building, they tied up two guards and fled to a nearby park
the entrance to the building where the president has his office. After not finding
Colombia: Six 19th of April Movement gunmen unsuccessfully try to kidnap
president of Javeriana University in Bogota. The guerrillas knocked out a guard at
occurred to demonstrate Pakistani, unwillingness to tolerate such incidents.
Pakistan: Pakistani Government expels Iranian Revolutionary Guards responsible
for attacking Mujahidin-e Khalq sgfehouses in Karachi and Quetta in
July 1987. The Iranians were arrested and detained immediately after the attacks
25X1
Iran: Two powerful bombs are successfully defused in Tehran and in West
Azerbaijan Province. The bombs were allegedly planted by Iraqi agents. 25X1
also caused extensive damage.
Peru: Thirty SL assailants machinegun and kill mother-in-law ofAyacucho judge
and her grandson at residence in Santa Ana de Barrios. The assault on the home
reasons.
Portugal: Twenty-five members of the Popular Forces of 25 April receive jail
terms ranging from 10 to 15 years. They were found guilty of involvement in 12
murders and 20 bombings between 1980 and 1984. Five members of the group
were acquitted; another was sentenced to 13 years but was freed for health
3 February Peru: SL terrorists assassinate three civilians during attack in Sirinachayoc in
Ayacucho Department. The victims were killed in the town's main plaza. 25X1
their home in Ayacucho.
in Israel.
Israel: Israeli troops capture three Palestinians attempting to infiltrate from
Egypt. The terrorists carried guns and explosives and intended to carry out a raid
incident
West Germany: Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK) kidnaps former member in
Braunschweig to be tried by a "Popular Tribunal. "The victim escaped and
reported his abduction to police, who arrested two PKK members involved in the
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Ayacucho.
15 February Peru: SL terrorists machinegun and wound policeman in main square of
16 February Iran: Car-bomb explodes, injuring 10 persons, three seriously, and damaging cars
and windows along Shahid Bahonar street in Tehran. Iranian dissidents were
probably responsible.
the assault.
Peru: Unknown individuals shoot and kill Peruvian Investigative Police (PIP)
official in front of his home in Chincha. No group has claimed responsibility for
without causing damage or injuries.
Peru: SL terrorists attempt to set fire to two nightclubs in Huancayo. Explosive
experts deactivated approximately 21 incendiary devices placed at the clubs,
Peru: Five armed assailants, traveling on bicycles, assassinate PIP official in
Chincha. One of the terrorists was killed by authorities during the attack. Another
PIP official was killed two days earlier in the same town. No group has claimed re-
assault.
sponsibility for either incident
Peru: Two unidentified individuals shoot and kill civil guard lieutenant and his
wife entering their car in Quinua. No group has claimed responsibility for the
Colombia: Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia guerrillas attack Ataco in
Antioquia Department, killing three villagers and wounding another.) 25X1
safe location
El Salvador: Five armed members of the Popular Liberation Forces bomb carport
of Ministry of Health in San Salvador. The explosion damaged three vehicles and
the carport's roof but did not injure employees, whom the terrorists had moved to a
damage but no injuries.
Peru: Members of the Tupac Amara Revolutionary Movement, in a series of
attacks in Lima suburbs, bomb Shell Oil facility, a pharmaceutical factory, a
furniture store, and the ARMCO Peru plant. The explosions caused extensive
prisoners and Action Directe (AD) members jailed in France.
West Germany: Five masked arsonists firebomb training facility of Deutsche
Bank in Kronberg, a suburb of Frankfurt, causing considerable damage. Two
newspapers received unsigned letters, similar in content to others written by Red
Army Faction (RAF) periphery members supporting of hunger strikes by RAF
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19 February Belgium: Two small bombs explode in Brussels shopping areas, causin minor
damage but no casualties. No group has claimed responsibility. 25X1
Mar, which it called a "government circus."
Chile: Members of the Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front bomb power facilities
in several areas, causing partial blackouts in Santiago and nearby regions. The
group said the bombs were set off to protest the Festival of Song held in Vina del
their label for Iranian dissidents.
Iran: Explosive-laden car detonates on a Tehran expressway, injuring two people
and damaging several cars. Authorities blamed "agents of the world arrogance,"
France: Police arrest suspected member of Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA)
in Saint Jean-De-Luz in the Pyrenees-Atlantiques Department. An international
arrest warrant had been issued on Jesus Maria Osa Arocena, who reportedly was a
member of ETA's logistic infrastructure in France
Israel: Bomb explodes outside synagogue in Tel Aviv. There were no injuries.
Belgium: Authorities discover small bomb in hobby store in central Brussels
shopping mall. The detonator of the device had exploded but failed to ignite the
bomb's main charge. No group has claimed responsibility.
25X1
25X1
policemen.
Northern Ireland: Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) members throw
grenade at police patrol in Coalisland, County Tyrone, causing injury to two
Nablus Road in East Jerusalem. No group has claimed responsibility
left peacefully when police arrived
West Germany: Twenty-five Turks and Palestinians occupy Pan Am Airlines
office in Frankfurt to protest Israeli treatment of Palestinians. The demonstrators
22 February West Bank: Thirteen-year-old Palestinian girl is shot and killed by Israeli
settlers in Baqa as-Sharqieh.
groups probably were responsible.
West Germany: Minor explosions damage four trucks at US Army Cooke
Barracks in Goeppingen. The improvised devices were placed near the vehicles'
fuel tanks. Two other devices failed to explode. Members of local autonomous
25X1
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West Bank: Molotov cocktail is thrown at Israeli car transporting laborers in the
Ramallah area. evacuated the burning car. There were no
casualties. 25X1
the incident.
Belgium: Bomb, placed under an employee's car, explodes behind office building
of Le Soir, a leading French-language newspaper, causing minor damage. An
unknown group, International Action against Zionism, claimed responsibility for
far this year
Northern Ireland: Explosion of 70-kilogram bomb in central Belfast kills two
Ulster Defense Regiment (UDR) soldiers and wounds two other soldiers and a
civilian bystander. A second bomb found in the vicinity was defused. PIRA
claimed responsibility. Five UDR soldiers have been killed in Northern Ireland so
stormed the facility and arrested the protestors
South Korea: Five Korean students armed with knives, gasoline bombs, and
homemade firecrackers briefly occupy the USIS Library in Seoul. Some windows
were smashed and a fire was started in a library storage room before police
Spain: ETA kidnaps Emiliano Revilla, a wealthy industrialist, outside his home
in Madrid. Authorities believe the kidnaping could damage peace talks reportedly
under way between government representatives and ETA leaders exiled in Algiers.
Palestinian flag and set fire to his house.
West Bank: Palestinian crowd in Qabatiyeh lynches Arab suspected of collaborat-
ing with Israel. They hanged him from an electricity pylon with the outlawed
South Korea: South Korean police find homemade bomb at US Cultural Center in
Kwangju. A timer set to trigger an explosion earlier had malfunctioned. Police in
Seoul questioned a student during the brief occu ation of the USIS building, who
later confessed to planting the incendiary device-7
Lebanon: Bomb intended for Hizballah spiritual leader Shaykh Muhammad
Husayn Fadlallah is found and dismantled near the Islamic Cooperation Center
in Be'r Al-'abd, a suburb of West Beirut. The device was discovered 15 minutes
before it was set to explode, and its detonation time coincided with Fadlallah's dai-
ly routine of arriving at a nearby mosque to lead midday prayers.
Lebanon: Rockets are fired into northern Galilee area. No damage was reported.
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ity for the operation.
Lebanon: Two Palestinian terrorists die when Israeli Defense Forces sink vessel
attempting to infiltrate them into Israel. Fatah and the Popular Front for the
Liberation of Palestine-General Command (PFLP-GC) both claimed responsibil-
West Bank: Two molotov cocktails are thrown at Israeli vehicles in At Tur, located
on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem. No injuries were reported. 25X1
just beyond the houses.
Northern Ireland: Two mortar bombs explode above homes in west Belfast without
causing casualties. PIRA probably intended to attack a British Army base located
damage, and no organization claimed responsibility
South Africa: Bomb explodes at the Jan Smuts Airport. There was no apparent
by the group outside their home country
United Kingdom: Firebombs damage four real estate offices in England near
Wales. The Welsh Nationalist group Meibion Glyndwr claimed the attacks were
carried out to force British land speculators from Wales. This was the first attack
barricade west of Ramallah. One Israeli was arrested
borers to Israel
West Bank: Demonstrators burn Israeli bus near Nablus as it prepares to carry la-
rators with Israeli authorities.
West Bank: Palestinians burn two houses reportedly owned by suspected collabo-
Israel: Bomb explodes near sports stadium in Rishon Leziyyon area of Tel Aviv.
There were no injuries, and no group has claimed responsibility 25X1
29 February Northern Ireland: Small bomb wounds two policemen on patrol in west Belfast.
PIRA claimed the 3-kilogram device was a new "directional antipersonnel" mine.
least 25 killings.
Northern Ireland: Two PIRA members die in premature explosion of bomb they
were transporting near the border with Ireland. The group identified the two as
Brendan Burns and Brendan Morley. Burns was wanted for his involvement in at
without incident.
West Bank: Bomb is found in supermarket at the Jewish settlement of Ramot
Eshkol just outside green line in Jerusalem. Authorities detonated the bomb
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Bangladesh: At least two die in an explosion in eastern Dhaka. Police reports said
the blast apparently occurred while an explosive device was being assembled in an
old government building. No further details were available.
have been detonated by remote control.
South Africa: Bomb explodes near bus transporting South African Air Force
personnel in Benoni. There were no casualties, but the bus was hit by shrapnel.
The bomb appeared to have been planted near a street light and is suspected to
the incident.
Spain: Bomb explodes outside Finance Ministry offices in Castellon, eastern
Spain, causing damage but no injuries. No group has claimed responsibility for
building was slightly damaged
West Germany: Arson attack on Renault Agricultural Technology Firm in
Rosbach causes extensive damage. Police arrested three men, including a former
member of the Baader-Meinhof Gang, fleeing the scene. Authorities believe the
attack was carried out to show solidarity with AD prisoners on a hunger strike.
Gurdaspur, as well as seizing some arms and ammunition.
India: Gunmen kill three persons in the Punjab in separate incidents of Sikh-
related terrorist activity. One assassin was killed and two escaped in the Amritsar
district. Police arrested at least seven other suspects in the districts of Faridkot and
3 March Israel: Small car bomb explodes close to central bus station in Kefar Sava, near
Tel Aviv. No injuries were reported. 25X1
International Airport from Kuwait
Lebanon: Iranian national and his Lebanese companion are kidnaped and
released unharmed after two days. Four unidentified gunmen intercepted the
victims' taxi on the airport road in West Beirut, shortly after they arrived at Beirut
and injured several other Arabs.
West Bank: Demonstrators attempt to burn house of suspected collaborator in
Jenin district. Soldiers, answering the call for assistance, killed one 16-year-old
recent attacks against their vehicles on the Jerusalem-Hebron road.
West Bank: Vandals break windshields and slash tires ofArab-owned cars in
Bethlehem and Hebron. The perpetrators may have been settlers retaliating for
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military exercise that began on 7 March
Argentina: Members of previously unknown group, calling itself the Che Guevara
Brigade, bomb US plant in Buenos Aires. The explosion at Parke Davis
Laboratories caused major damage but no injuries. The group said the bombing
occurred because of alleged US complicity with the British in the Falkland Islands
Lebanon: Car bomb explodes near movie theater in AI-Murayjah area of Beirut,
causing property damage but no casualties. The intended target reportedly was an
Amal office in the vicinity of the blast. There has been no claim of responsibility.
used handgrenades in the incident, and six policemen were slightly wounded
shootout at residence in Mungizi township near Queenstown. The terrorist also
failed car-bomb attack against Tyrie
Northern Ireland: Head of the Ulster Defense Association, Andy Tyrie, resigns
after battalion commanders pass a vote of no confidence against him. Four days
earlier, the dissident Loyalist People's Reaction Force claimed responsibility for
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Secret
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