SOVIET PUBLICATIONS ON PHOTOGRAPHIC EMULSIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A063100080001-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 126
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 15, 2011
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: May 31, 1962
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
MHHHCTEPCTB'G`KYJI'bTYPKI CCCP
H H K 0 H
TPYJIbI
BCECOIO3HOIO
HAY4HO-HCCJIEAOBATEJIbCKOFO
KHHO40OTOHHCTHTYTA
I
HCCJIE22OBAHHR HPHPOAbI
4OTO1PA$HgECKOFI
' IYBCTBHTEJIbHOCTH
MOCKBA - 1961
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
TPY,Ub1
BCECOIO3HOI'O
HAY4HO-HCCJIEJ1OBATEJIbCKOI O
KHHO4)OTOHHCTHTYTA
BhInycK 42
HCCJIEf OBAHkISI nPI'IPOJibI
(POTOI'PAcI4[LI ECKOI I
'YBCTBHTEJIbHOCTH
flog peAaKUHeR
AOKTOpa EHMH4eCKHX IlayK, npoceccopa K. B. 4NB14COBA
H KaIIAHAaTa RHMH4eCKHX H8yK, AouellTa B. H. WEBEPCTOBA
OT,aen Hay9Ho-Tex1fH4ecKoH HH4OpMBLHH HHK4)H
MocKBa - 1961
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
IIPEJIHCJIOBHE
B Hacroni.IjeM BbinyCKe ?TpyAoB Bcecol03HorO Hay4HO-Hcc.neAOBaTeJib?
CKorO KHHO3OTOHHCTHTyTa) Ony6JIHKOBaHbI pa6orbi COTpyAHHKOB Jla6opa-
TOpHH TeOOpHH ( oTorpa(lH4eCKHX npolAcoB HHKOH.
IlepeA JIa6opaTOpHeIi B nocneAHHe roAbi CTOHJia 3aAaga HCCJIeAoBa-
HHI 4H3H4eCKOli npHpOAb( H MCXaHH3Ma 4)OpMHpOBaHHfl (PoTorpagH4e-
CKOH 4yBCTBHTeJIbHOCTH raJloreHHAOCepe6plHblx )KeJIaTHHOBbIX c ioeB.
IIp i peweHHH 3TOF{ 3aAa4Ji Mbi HCXOAHJIH H3 TOR npeAnOCbIJIKH, qTo KO-
HtWHafl 4yBCTBHTeJIbHOCTb CJIOH (POpMHpyeTCH BO BCeX CTaAHHX 4OTorpa-
4)H4eCKoro npogecca, Ha4HHaH c MOMeHTa CJIHBaHHH paCTBOpOB npH
3MVJIbCHOHKaIJHH H KOH4aH CTaAHeN np0RBJIeHHH CKpb1TOI'O H3o6pa)KeHHH.
B CBfl3H C 3THM B Jla6opaTopHH 6hlJIa npoBeAeHa pa6oTa no HCCJI'eAO-
BaHHK) MexaHH3Ma )OTOrpa(pH4ecKoro npogecca BO BCeX ero CTaAQiHX.
B HaCTOAigeM C6opHHKe Hy6JIHKyIOTCH HeKOTOpble pe3yJlbrarbl, no-
.7y4eHHb1e B Jla6opaTOpHH 3a noCJIeAHHe roAbl (B AaJlbHeituleM ny6nH-
Ka11HH pe3yJnbTaTOB pa60T Jla6opaTOpHH 6yAeT npoAoJUKeHa B CJ1eAy o.
HLHX BbinyCKax TpyAoB HHKOH).
B nepsol CTaTbe 3Toro C60pHHKa (aBTop K. B. 4H6HCOB) paCCMaT-
pBBaioTCH I~H3HKO-XHMH4eCKHe npeBpaULeHHs npH (POPMHpoBaHHH TBep-
1011 4)a3bi raJ1oreHHaocepe6pHHbIX (POTorpa(4H4eCKHX 3MyJIbCHti. B
CTaTbe fOKa3aHa 3aBHCHMOCTb ()OTorpa()H4eCKON tIyBCTBHTeJIbHOCTH OT
TeX TOHKHX H CBOeo6pa3HbIX (jH3H4eCKHX ~i XHMH4elCKHX npo e000B, KO-
TOPbie npoTeKaloT KaK Ha nOBepXHOCTH, TaK H B rJIy6HHe 3MyJIbCHOHHbIX
MHKpOKPHCTaJIJIOB npH C03peBaHHH c ororpa(4H4ecKHx 3MyJIbCHii H npH
o6pa30BaHHH CKpb1TOrO H306pa)KeHHK.
(-,TaTbH K. B. 4H6HCOBa H A. JI. KapnoBoii H3JlaraeT pe3yJIbTaTbi
i1cCJIeAOBaHNN XHMH4eCKOH npHpoabi ()OTorpa(PH4eCKo% BKTHBHOCTH )KeJla-
rHHbi - BelijeCTBa, KOTOPOMY raJIOreHHAocepe6pHHble 4OTOrpa4)H4eCKHt
C.1OH Ii 3Ha4IITeJIbHOl CTerieHH O6H3aHbi CBOeH BbICOKOH CBeT04yBCTI3TI-
Tt.9bHOCTb o.
CTaThH H. M. PaTHep (6c,Lie%CTBHe co iefi HHepTHWIX McTaJIJIOB Ha
KHHeTHKy H3MeHeHHH ByaJIH B npoijecce XHMH4eCKOrO C03peBaHHfl (4OTO-
rpa4 H4eCKON 3MyJIbCHH) H aBJIHHHHe co.aeii 3oJIOTa H nJIaTHHbI Ha CTpyK-
T)'py cepe6pflHbIX 4aCTH1131) nOCBBIILeHbI BeCbMa Ba)KHOMy B npaKTHve-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
CKO~M OTHOWeHHH npoueccy XHMH4eCKOH CeHCH6HJIH3a11NH cOTorpa fl1'R
l'KH\ iMyJIbCHN COJIHMH 3OJIOTa H Apyrux HHepTHbIX McTaJWloB.
3aKJfK)4HTe.rIbHaA CTaTbA c6opHHKa (aBTOp B. H. llIe6epcTOB) CyM-
MHpy'eT pe3YJibTaTb1 pa6oT aBTOpa 3a pHA1 JI T B O6:IaCTH HCCJIeJ1,OBaH1111
3HeprHH aKTHBa11HH HpOABJIeHHH 4)OTOrpa(PH4eCKHX CJIOeB. B CTaTbe 11v-
Ka3aHO. 4TO HaH6oJlee Ba)KHOe c npaKTI14ecKON CTOpOHbI CBOHCTBO IIpO-
ABHTeneH-CeJIeKTHBHbIR XapaKTep ACHCTB11g Ha (OTorpa4)H4eCKHe CJIOH --
O6yCJIOBJIeHO pa3JIH4HAMH BeJIH1HH 3Hepr11H aKTHBaU.HH npOABJIeIIHR (4OTO
rpa(11I'IeCKOIi ByaJIH H H3o6paweHHA.
PE)gAKTOPbl C&OPHHKA
4aeH-KoppecnOHAeHT AKaAeMMM HaYK CCCP, AOKTOp XHMH IeCKHX HayK,
npo$eccop K. B. 4HbHCOB M CTapWHA Hay9HM COTpyAHHK HHKOH,
KaHAMAaT XMMM9ecKMX HayK, AOUeHT B. H. W E&EPCTOB
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
(VH3HKO-XHMH4ECKHE IIPEBPAIUEHHA
nPH ?OPMHPOBAHHH TBEPJLOR ?A3b1
?OTOrPA4H4ECKOR 3MYJ1bCHH
I IiHe,leHHe.
2. .IoKa.1113aunH IlpoueccoB HpH o6pa30BaIIMH CKpblTOro 11306pa)FenIHH.
.3. ZBe (Ta.IHH (-O3I)eBaIIHH 4)OTOr1) a(1)H9eCKON 3MV.IbCHH.
I 13o311HK11oBeHHe .IC4IeKTOB pellleTKH B 3My.16CHO111IWx MHKpOKpHCTaJlaax.
5 rOIIOXHMH4eCKHC I)eaKUHH B CTa;(HH BTOI)orO C031)eBa]IHH.
li 06pa31)Ba11He H xHMF14eCKaH 111HpO1a IIpHMCC11biX UCIITI)OB.
7. 1'0.11. cepliHl'ThiX ceircH6HJIH3aTOpOB III)H Co3peBallHH 3My.1bCHH.
,S Y4a1'THe 1 C.laTHllbl B Hpoueccax C03peBa11HH 3My.IbCHH.
4 (?)It'KTpa.1611b1e CBO(il'TBa OIITHgCCKH IIecelicH6H.IH3HpoBalIlIwx 3MyJIbcHH.
19. (.TpyKTypa IIpHMeCIIIJX UClITI)OB H HX 4)vIIKUHH.
11. 13,I1HIIlw TOllorpa(lHH -IOKaA6111,IX Ilapy111eIIHi Ila 4)OTOrp a4)H4eCKHe CBOH-
('TBa 3My.1bCHH.
12. 30.loTaH cellc116H.1H3auHH 4)OTor1)a4)H4eCKOrJ 3MyJIbCHH.
I.I. KpaTKoe o0o61UeiIHe III)e;(CTaB.1eIIHN O IlpHpoje 4)OTorpa4)H4el'KON 4yB(-T-
BHTC.1b11OCTH.
14..'IHTe1)arypa.
1. BBe,geHMe
CvuieCTByeT MHOro 4)aKTOpOB, yKa3bIBaK)au4x, TO CBeTJ4yBCTBHTeJIh-
HOCTI, (~oTOrpa4)H4eCKOH (ra.ioreH 1. ocepe6pHHo % )Ke.naTHHOBOFi) 3MyJTb-
CH11 ('RH3aHa C .1OKa.'TbHb[MH HapyWeHHHMH B 3MyJIbCHOHHbIX MHKPOKPI!
CTaA.1aX, H npHTOM He TOJILKO C CO6CTBeHHbIM11 HeCOBep1IeHCTBaMH KpH-
CTa.1H4eCKON peuieml(H, HO H C HHOpOJU1bIMH npHMecHMH. To H ,gpyroe 3a-
'sI THO B.1HHeT Ha ypOBeHb CBeTO4yBCTBHTeJIbHOCTH, nO3TOMy HX o6pa3o-
'iaHHe IIpe1ICTaBJIleT Hat16ooee Ba)KHyIO CTOPOHY 4opMHpOBaHHH TBep-
,(l~N Ja ib1 (oTOrpa(pH4eCKON 3MyJIbt.HH.
B CB13H C 3THM 6bIJIH nPOBeaeHbl CHCTeMaTH4eCKHe HCCJI OBaH1IH
L1H BbIHCHeHHH BJIHHHHH pa3noo6pa3HbIX I)aKTOPOB Ha CBOHCTBa 3MyJIb-
('lIH H, oiclojia, Ha XapaKTep (~H3HKO-XHMH4eCKHX npeBpauIeHHH, npoTt'-
KeN)ll(HX B ee TBepJ),ON (Ta3e. B HaCTOHUleN CTaTbe COJ>,ep)KHTCH CBOJLKa
OCHOBHbIX pe3y.7bTaTC)B H TeOpeT114eCKHX nO.1O)KeHHFi, HaKOnJIeHHbIX B
Ilpouecce jTIix HCC.1e'JjOBaHHN.
2. JIOKaJIH3aLMA npogeccoB npH o6pa3oeaHNM cxpwroro H3o6pa2KenNA
TIpH HCCJIe,l OBaHHH I1OBe.' eHHA KpynHblX KpHCTaJIJIOB ra ioreHiv oa
cepe6pa, HOJTy4eHHbIX H3 pacnJTaBa, o6Hapy)KeHO [1], 4TO Bb[JIeneHMe
(boTO.1H7'H40CKoro cepe6pa HJTH B03HHKHOBeHHe CKpbiTOCO H3o6pa)KeHH51
HPOHCXOJI,AT B 3OHaX 6ecnopHAKa no rpaHHgaM CMe,)KHblX 6JIOKOB nOJ1N-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
3APH4eCKOR Cy6CTpvKTypbi. 3Ha4HTeJIbHO paHee npOBeAeHHble MHKpOCKO-
nHgPlCKHe Ha6JnoAeHHH HaA nOBeAeHHeM HHAHBHAyaJlbHUUX 3MyJIbCHOH-
HbIX KPHCTaJIJIOB nOKa3aJIH [2, 3], 4TO BHAHMble OTJIO)ICeHHH cepe6pa B
Ha4aJIbHO% CTaAHH (~OTOJ!H3a HJIH npH KOPOTKOM npOHBJIeHWH CKpbITOFO
H306pa)KeHHH TaKNCe COCpeAOTa4HBaIOTC5I B OT1JeJIbHbIX yqacTKax, npo-
HCXO)KAeHHe KOTOPbIX MO)KeT 6blTb o6,bHCHeHo HaJIH4HeM JIOKaJIbHbIX NP--
COBepweHCTB, T. e. CBOeO6pa3HOI1 Cy6CTpyKTypOfi TaKHX KpHCTaJIJIOB. TaK
KaK B3aHMOAeHCTBHe JIy4HCTOII 3HeprHH c AgBr npeAcrasnseT cd6oi3
OTpbLB BaJieHTHbLX 3JIeKTPOHOB OT HOHOB 6poMa, 3aHHMaIOIUHX allHOHHbIC
y3Jib1 peweTKH, TO COnOCTaBJieHHe OTMe4eHHwIX (paKTTOpoB 3aCTBBJIHeT
CAeJIaTb BWIBOA, 4TO BO3HHKHOBeHHe CO6CTBeHHO CKpbITOrO H3o6pa)ICeHNI
npOHCXOAHT B Pe3yJibTaTe BTOPH4HbIX npOUeCCOB, coBepwaiou xcH B He-
COBepweHCTBax 3MVJibCHOHHbWX MHKpOKpHCTaJIJIOB. IIOCKOJIbKy BTOPH'Hble
npoueccbl KaK 6bI 3aKpenJrH}OT aefkCTBHe CBeTa, eCTeCTBeHHO C'HTaTh,
4TO HMeHHO OHH ocyuleCTBJIHIOT cBoero poAa 4(3anOMNHaHHe) 4ororpa-
(pH4eCKHM CJloeM OnTH4eCKoro H3o6pa)KeHHH.
TaKHM 06pa3OM, AM CaMOCT05ITeJibHbIX BHAa npoueCCOB, aeAynlsz x
o6pa30BaHHIO CKpbNTOrO H306pa)KeHHH, nPOTeKB1OT B pa3HbLX o6AaCTNX
raJIoreHHAOCepe6pHHbwX KpIICTaJIJIOB: nepBH'HbIi% npouecc coaepulaeTC)I
BHyTPH MOHOKPHCTaJIJIH4eCKHX 6JIOKOB, Toraa KaK BTOpH4Hbie npouecc6l
JIOKaJIH3yIOTCH B CTPyKrypHbLX HapyweHHHX KpHCTaJIJIOB. CJIeAOBaTeJIbHO,
XapaKTePHaH oco6eHHOCTb 3MyJIbCHOHHbIX MHKpOKpHCTaJIJIOB, onpeAeJIHK)-
LuaH HX (POTOXHMH4eCKHe CBONCTBa, 3aKJII04aeTCH B HaJIH9HH B HHX
MHOrO4HCJIeHHbIX Ae4 eKTOB CTpVKTypbw. 3TO nOATBep)KAaeTCH CJIeAyiol$NM
Ha6JIIOAeHHeM: MO)KHO nPHrOTOBHTh 3MyJIbCHH, OAHHaKOBbie no cocTaBy
H AHcnepCHOCTH TBepAOI1 4a3b1, HO pe3KO OTJn14aIou }1ecs no (POTOrpa$H-
4eCKHM CBOHCTBaM. HHbIMH CJIOBaMH, nOBeAeHHe 3MyJibCHOHHbIX MHKpO-
KPHCTaJIJIOB 38BHCHT OT OCO6eHHOCTe % HX BTOpH'HOA CTpyKTypbl, T. e.
HBJIHeTCH nPOHBJIeHHeM HX CTpyKTVpHO-4YBCTBHTeJIbHbWX CBOIICTB.
rlpeACTaBJIHH co60I{ peaJibHbie KPHCTajijibi, 3MYJIbCHOHHbie 3epna Mo-
ryT coAep)KaTb ABa THna JIOKaJIbHbIX HapyweHOI: co6CTBeHHbie Ae-
()eKTbl peweTKH H npHMeCHbie - HHOpOAHble BKJII04eHH$I (npHMeCNpie
ueHTpbi). n03TOMy AJIH Te0peTH4eCKHX H npHKJIaAHbIX 3aAa4 BaXCHO
3HaTb CTaAHH H MCXaHH3M o6pa30BaHHH TeX H Apy1x J1OKaJIbHbIX Ha-
pyweHHH.
3. ABe CTaAHH CO3peBaHHH 4)OTorpa(nHyecKON 3MyAbCNN
(DOPMHPOBaHHe TBep;oA ()a3bl 3MYJIbCHH ocylueCTBJIHeTCH, KaK npa-
BHJIO, B ABe CTaAHH CO3peBaHHH, (YTJIH4aiow. ecH no CBoeA 4)H3HKO-XH?
MH4eCKON npHpo] e. aOKa3atio [4], 4T0 nepBoe co3peBaHHe npeACTaBJIHeT
co6oA KpHCTaJIJIH3aLHOHHbIA npouecc, 4TO nerl(o o6HapyxcHTb no H3Me-
IfeHHIO AHCnepCHOCTH TBep;WOH i~a3bl. B cJIy'ae OTHOCHTeJIbHO MaJIOAHC-
nepCHbiX (HeraTHBHbIX) 3My.7bCHH 3TOT npouecc BO BTOPOM C03peBaHNN
3KCnepHMCIITaJIbHO He Ha6.llolaeTC$I.
OnbwTb( [51 O4eHb npOAo.l]KHTeIbHOrO BTOPOrO CO3peBaHHH (Ao 14-TN
4aCOB) nOATBepAHJIH HeH3MCHHCMOCTb AHCnepCHOCTH TBepAo* (~a3bl B
3TON CTaAHH. OAHaKO, KaK 6bt.io nOKa3aHO [61, 3Ta 3aKOHOMepHOCTb Aefl-
CTBHTe.IbHO CnpaBC LJIHBa TOJIbKO A AM Ma.IOAHcnepCHblX 3MyJIbCH11 (npH
cpe,IHeM pa3Mepe MHKpOKpuucTaJI.loB - x = 0,52.0). B c iyjlae we O7eHb
Me.7K03epHHCTbIX 3MyJIbCHH BO BTOPOM C03peBaHHH Ha6JIloAaeTCA oTgeT-
.lHBoe H3MQHeHHe AHcnepCHOCTH TBepAON 4a3bl (HanpHMep Ha npoTHMCe-
HHH 6-TB 4aCOB CO3peBaHHH 3Ha4etlHe X H3MeHHJIOCb OT 0,05 Ao 0,11 1-0),
6
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
I
+f)M JLaHHbIH npol.Lecc yCH.1HBaeTC51 C nOBblUleHHCM JLHCnepCHOCTIi
??? it".
'()pa3OBaHHe TBepJLOH (4a3bl 3My:IbCHH npOH3BOJHTCH 06b14110 nyTeM
t&HH ;IBONHOrO o6MeHa. (.-ICjOBaTe:IbHO, CYIUCCTBeHIIbIM J."11 3TOri
,HH HB:IHeTCH npeloXpaHeHHe 4aCTHiL ra.loreuuja cepe6pa OT ar.no-
,IIi,H11 H KoaI'yJ1511LHH. 3Ty (p}'HKILIIIO BbInO:111HeT )Ke:1aTHila, MoneKyJIb1
Toii Iipo4H0 awop6HpyloTCH Ha nOBepX140CT1i 3My.1bCHOHHbIX MHKpO-
(1CTa.l.ufi .71. HpO4HOCTb a,lcop61jHH O6bHcnHeTCH, 110 BCeN BepOHTHO-
it, o6pa.oIial111eM KOOp;LHHaILIlOHHblX CB5136i B PC3YJIbTi1Te aOHOpHO-
?.IICII IOPHurO I13aHM0;LCHCTBI11H Me)K;Ly OV IIKILHOIIa:IbHbIMH rpy nriaMH
.W.W11111IJ 11 pea Kutioliliocnoco6HbIMH JC(l)eKTa11H KpHCTa:1..ingeCKO}( pe-
IICTKH.
0 1
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2 3 I I 2 3 vt
2
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g i 2 3 VT
2
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PHC. 1. H3MeIlellHe 4OTOrpa(~HVeCKHx CBOFiCTB
3MyYbCHH HpH OTCyTCTBHH :KeAEITH11IA B HepBOM
co3peaaHHH (MHxaAnOBa)
I --aMMHa4Has AgBr - 9MynbCHa, 9Yy`AbCM()NKauHI-I MNH. N
nepeoe Co3peBaHHe 6e3 )KeAITNHM-3O MNH., 3aTeM BBOANTCI
)KeAaTHHB M npoAO.lHCaeTCf nepeoe co3peBlHNe; I1-sumNIY-
Haa AgBr-BMyAbcK , 9MyAbCM4)MKAnuI-I MMM. 6e3 )ceAarN-
HM, 3aTeM npOAOn)IaeTCg C03peBaHHe C )IeAaTHHOA; III -
AKB(I - 9MyJIbCHN, 9MynbCN(PNKaUH^ I MNN. 6e3 )I(e aTNHM.
aaTeM npoAOA)KaeTCI co3peBaHNe c )KenaTKIIoA. BpeM) nep-
Boro CO3peBaHHI C )IeAATHHO(1: 1. 15 MNH.; 2, 30 MMH.; 3. 1 vac;
4. 2 vaca; 5. 3 vaca; 6. 4 vacs: 7. 6 4acoe. Ko)ueHTpauMN
)Ken3THHM B nepBOY C03peBHHNH - 2,3^x,,: KOHUeHTPIUHI *e-
ABTHHM BO BTOPOM Co3pesaHMN
CneuHaJIbHO nOCTaBJ1eHHbIC HaMH OnbITbl rlOKa3aJIH, 'iTO )Ke.IaTHHa
()A'VIueCTBJIHeT 3a1ILHTHy1O (4yHKILHIO, eCJIH ona npHCyTCTByeT B CTBAHH
nepBoro C03peBaIIHH C Ha(1aJla poCTa 3MyJIbCHOHHbIX MHKpOKpHCTaJuuIOB.
Ec.TH na)I(e KOPOTKOe BpeMH (HanpHMep 5 MHHyT) nepeoe Co3peBaHHe
UPOBOJLHTb 6e3 )KeJIaTHHbI, 3aTCM BBeCTH )Ke.'IaTHHy H npOJLOJI)KaTb CO-
3peBaHHe (HanpHMep 30 MHHyT), TO c caMoro Havana BTOporo Co3peBa-
IIHH Ha6Jlioy'LaeTCH CHJ1bHaH ByaJlb. fOCJIeJjHHH yMeHbwaeTC51 C COKpa-
I1LeHHCM BpeMenH nepBoro Co3peBaHHH 6e3 )KeJIaTHHbI H YA.1THHe11HeM CO-
ipeBallHH C )KeJIaTHHOH (CM. 3KcnepHMeHTaJlbHble JLaHHble Ha pHC. I).
TaKHM o6pa3OM, MO.neKyJIbI )KeJ1aTHHbI He 3anOJIHHK)T, O4eBHJLHO, BCeH
noBepXHOCTH MHKpOKpHCTaJIJIOB, XOTH H O6pa3yIOT BOKpyr HHX 3aLL.HTHy)O
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
06oJIOgKy (ceTKy) [8]. 3THM O6b 1CIIHCTCA CBC)60,1Hb1N POCT KPHCTaAAOS
H BTOPH4Hbie aucop61111OiiHNe HB.'lt IIHH, SIa6.T),'l,iteMble it o6eHx CTaAMMI
C03peBaHHH.
4. BO3HHKHOBCHHe Ae4)eKTOB peWeTKH B 3MyJIbCHOHHWX
MHKpOKpHCTaJIJ1ax
XOTH ripH 4OpMHpoISaHHIi 3MV:IbCHOHHbiX MHKPOKPIiCTaJIJIOB yCJIOBHH
CTe.CHeHHOrO pOCTa oTCyTCTBVIOT, CN'UjeCTByeT psi npu4HH, BeAyuiHx K
b03HHKHOBE'IIHK) cv6CTpyKTypbl, KOTOpaB, BepOHTHO, B HeKOTOpOH CTeneHil
no106Ha 6,1OTHOH B MaKPOKP1ICTa:1.1aX. O6pa3oBauHe 3apolb1Weh H POCT
MHKpOKpHCTa:I."IOB ra.lore HH,10B cepe6pil I1 OTeKa1OT C HCKOTOpbIMH pa3-
.1H4nHMII B 3aBHCIIMOCT11 OT yC:IOBIIH CpeJbl (COOTHOWeHHe raJ1oreHHAOB,
KOHUeHTpalj i i peareHTOB, TeMneparypa It up.). h10)KHO yKa3aTb Ha C.ne-
Ayloui.He THnH4HWe c iy4aH.
PHC. 2. TpaB) etHe" I %-iii paCTBopoM Na2S2O3 i pHCran is AgBr, B ipocillero H3
cKeaeruoro o6pa30BaiH 1. $ororpa4)111)oBallHe I1pOH3BO1H lOCb Ka)K1*b1e 3-5 MHII.;
yBen. 2000X (Kpayul 1161)
Bo-nepBNx, paCCMOTPHM xapaKTep llaga.ia poCTa KpHCTa.1.1a OT 3a-
po;jblWa H BHAe CKC.1eTHOro o6pa3oliaHHH. 3anoJIHeIlHe B 3TOM cny4ae
I1vcTOT Me)K,1V 11anpall.1eH1u MH Hau60.Iblucro poCTa npH He3HagHTeJIhHOM
flecoBna/eHHH n.IOCKOCTel 6oKOBorl1 poCTa MO)KeT nPHBeCTH K 1103HHKHO-
Iil'HHK) H C TNKaX ;lej)eKTHblx 3oH. EC:1H Hanpa8.1e1NH HaH6OJlbWerO pocTa
paC110.10)KCHbI 110,1 \l'.IuM B 120', KaK -I'() 11a6:i1O1aeTCA y 6puMHCToro
Cepe(pa, to Je(RE'KIHNe 30HN 6V;1\'1, a lcRIi;IHO. HaXO1HTbCH Me)K,1)' OCHl)B-
ISb1MH OCSIMH poCTa. l.J1e,1oRaIe.IbHO, Haii6o.'lee HCKa)KeHHNMH y HWpoc-
lulix TaKlIM u(pa iOM KpHCTa:1.N4ecKIIX Ta6.1H41K 6y,1yT Bblx0;11,1 3014 6('e-
llopH;1Ka iia 6OKu11Nl' I'paHH (pe6pa). B Ka'lccTBe opHMepa Ila p14 2
IIOK;I3 11 MIIKPOK))HC171.I.I OpoMHCTuI'O cepe6pa, RNI)OCWHN B aMMHa4H/1M
pact-Hope u1 CKC.leTHOI0 o0pa30BaHNH, V Kulu~liilo IIO;I B:INflHNE'V '~az5?)~
(B pea\'.lbIale il'H'renei Horo paciiopel11tH, Ha4H1iaHWeroCH B 1('(tWKTIIUX
MCCTax) IeHCTBHTC.IbI1O o61mpyNKeHa OIIHcaHHaH BNWe KapTHHa. AJIR
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
NJUIIOCTPaLtHH noao6Horo HBJIeHHH Y 3MyJIbCHOHHbIX MHKPOKPHCTaJIJIOB
Ha pHc. 3 npHBel.eHb1 MHKpO(OTOrpa4NN [3, 9, 101, nOKa3bIBaK)II1He TpaB-
JIeHHt' B Ha4a.lbHOA CTaAHH nPOHBJIeHHH TaKHX KpHCTaJIJIOB. 3AeCb TaK)Ke
Xal)aKTepHU 3aKOHOMepHOe pacnoJloweHHe Ha 6OKOBWX rpaHHX 4caa6blx.
MCC'T, C KOTOPbIX Ha4HHaeTCH TpaBHHjee AeNCTBHe IIpOSIBJIHIOIllero pacT-
BOpa.
PHC. 3. TpaBAeHHe' 3MyAbCH0HIIbIA MHKpOKPH-
CT8.7AOB, H86AIo aeMoe B H84anbHOA CTa11HH
HpoBBAeHHH.
CAes^ /-9ACKTQONNII YNKpOQOTOr a$NS c yroAbNOB pen-
ANKH (KACGN (4(I; cnpasa 2-MHKpo(VoTorpa(PHa, AHH. yseA.
3150 ' (3sasc. MHTVe.1a (5(); cnpasa 3-YKKpo4)0Torpa(PNN,
ANH. yaeA. 2WJ.t (40HCOa (6))
BTOpoi cny4af - 3T0 o6pa3oBaHHe B HagaJlbHOA CTaAHH OCa)KJjeHHI
TBepaoA 4a3bl aMOp(4Hb&X cq)epONAaJIbHbIX 4ac-mu. Ha pNC. 4 nPHBeAeHH
3JIeKTpOHHble MHKpo4OTorpaq)HN [111, nOKa3bIBaIOIUHe nOAO6HyIO KaPTHHY
AAA c.1vgai 6poMocepe6pHHON 3MyJIbCHH. Ho Mepe pocTa TaKHe 4aCTHgb'
CTaHOBHTCH Bce 6onee HeyCTON4HBbIMH, nOKa C HeKOToporo MOMeHTa He
Ha4HeTCH 6bicTpaH BHyTpeEHAH KpHCTaJIJIH3aUHH. B pe3yJlbTaTe o6pa3o-
BaBwHeCH 3Mv.lbCHOHHbie 3epNa coAep)KaT MHO)KeCTBO ae4)eKTOB, KOTO-
pble npH Aa.7bHeHUIeM 6bICTpOM pOCTe He yCneBaloT nOABeprHyrbCH peKpH-
CTa.1H3agHH H OCTaloTCH, c1eAOBaTeJIbHO, BHyTPH KpFCTaJIJIOB. 3TOT nyTm
(IopmNPOBaHHB TBePAON qa3bl nOATBep)KAaeTCH Ha6JIIoaaBwefkC5I Kap-
THHON nOBe,1e,HHA 3MyJIbCHOHHbIX MHKPOKPHCTaJIJIOB npH rJIy60KOM I4OTO-
JIH It` H.1N KOPOTKOM nPOHB~1eHHH CKpbIToro H3o6pa)KeHHH [10] (CM. pHC. 5).
1lux'KOJIbKy npH TaKOM o6pa3oBaHNH 3MyJIbCHOHHbIX MHKpOKpHCTaJIJIO3
HaH(o .lee HeCOBepWeHHOH OKa3bUBaeTCH n.eHTpaJIbHaH 4aCTb, TO, O4eBHA-
HIO, H Hell H JjOJ1)KHbI COCpeAOTO1HTbCH B nepBylo o4epeAb BTOPH4Hbie
np()UeCCbI, 4T0 xopouIO BHJIHO H3 nplJlaraeMbzx MHKp4OTorpa4NA.
TpeTbs npH4HHa o0pa30BaHHH Jje(jeKTOB B 3MyJIbCHOHHbIX MHKpOKpH-
Cle.l.liX B03HHKaeT B YCJIOBHHX OCTBaJIbJIOBCKOI'O C03peBaHH5l: npH OT-
HoCHTeJIbHO BbICOKHX nepeCblw.eHHHX OTJlo)KeHHe BellleCTBa npOHOXOAHT
no.1HMOJIeKyJIHpHbIMH CJIOHMH, 4TO BefieT K nOHBJIelHHIO pa3JIHgHblx Ha-
pyWeHHA. 1-103TOMy KPHCTaJIJIH4eCKHe rpaHH He 6biBaIOT HAeaJIbHbIMH, H
Nx aHH30TPOnHH MO)KeT 6bITb o6Hapyx{eHa ny-reM TpaBJIeHHH. Ha pxc. 6
11OKa3aHO TpaBJIeHHe paCTBOpOM CyJlb4HTa HaTpHH KPHCTBJIJIOB AgBr s
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 I
I. J IIII II 111: ---7
I ;; III Ilk Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
a
BHAe nHpaMHAb1 H Ta6JIH4KH 112]. B nepBOM cJly4ae 3AeCb B03HHIIAIM
CTyneHbKH, BocnpoH3B0AHuu1e nOCJIO1iHbIf POCT KPHCTaJIJIa; BO-BTOPOM-
TpaBJIeHHe HAeT nepneHAHKyJIHpHO 6OKOBbIM rpaluHM, 4T0 nerKO ROHATb,
eCJIH npeACTaBHTb ce6e o6pa3oBaHHe Ta6JIH'KH Ce'eHHeM nHpaMHAaJIb-
HOfO KpHCTaJvia. rloAO6HyIO KaPTHHY MO)KHO Ha6JI1oaaTb TaK)Ke y 3MyJlb-
CHOHHbIX MHKPOKpHCTaJIJIOB. PHC. 7 HJIJIIOCTpHpyeT Tonorpa4HlO HagaAa
npOHBJ1eHHH [3, 10, 13], COOTBeTCTByIOU.lyIO OHHCaHHOMy McXaHH3My pOCTa
KpHCTaJIJIOB B CTaAHH oCTBaJIbAOBCKOro C03peBaHHH.
PHC. 4. MAnoCTpauHJI po-
CTa 3My.IbCHOUIIb1X MH-
KpOKpHCTannOB OT nep-
B0Ha4aJIbIIbiX aMOp4)Ilblx
C4,epoHJ(aAbIIbiX 9aCTHI(
3AeKTp0HHMe MHKpOfIIOTorpa-
InNN (ANH. yBCA. 600)X) aMOp(P-
HMI C4)epONaLAbHWX 4ICTNU
AgBr (aNMHa4Naa 9MyJIbCNa,
31Y'/o H36MTKs KBr; 1-1,5 NNH.
c03peaanaa npN 35?, 2-5 MN11.
co3pessums npH 3.51. 3-60 MHH.
co3pesaNNa npH 35'' + a) MMH.
Co3pe B.HHI npH 70'; )Kap-
KoB 17p
PHC. 5. MHKpo(?0T0I'pa4HH KpNCTal(ka
nocne Henollnoro npoeaneHNR
1-I:NCAMN 4)H3H4eCKHfl npONBHTeAb m 2-NaTOA-
rxnpOXNIoHoBMa noaepxaocTHMR npOAANTeAb.
Jinx. yaeA. 1875x: 3-MetuArNapoINHONO.YI u90u-
BHTe.1b C THOCyAb(PaTOM HatpN? nocAe paspywe-
HNB nonepxHOCTIloro CKpMTorO M306rp~a1Neu.a Ip0-
MOROA KHCAOTOII. ANH. yBeJ. 26251; 3aaic N MNT-
4eAA 151
TaKHM o6pa3oM, H3.'IOwO1111ble coo6pa>KeHHH rosopHT 0 TOM, 4TO
3MV.IbCHOIIIIble MHKpoKPFICTa:IJTbI J0-I)KHh1 CO.Lep)KaTb MHOTO4HCJIeHHble
JIeq)eKTbr pCWeTKH, o0pa30BaIlHe KOT(IpwX Ha4HHaeTCH c nepBoro MO
MCHTa oca)K;Ie11HH TBep;IOH (t)a3bl, a HbIXO;lhl HapyMCy Onpe$eJIH1OT CO-
CTOHHHe nOBepXHOCTH KPHCTaJIJ1OB K IIa4aJly BToporo CO3peBaHHH.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 )II III:II,tII.IIIi1!~~JII'J1111111@i1111191Vi1hIIIIIIIIII
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
a
PHI IAIOCTPaUHN J)OCTa MHKpOKpHCTaAAOB AgBr nyTeM OTAOA(eHHH BenyeCTBa
nOAHMOAeKyAApHbIMH CAOAMH
??.rpoIIHbe MmKpomOTOrpacHH nocAe TpaBAeaxa? paCTBOpoM NaISO3(yroAbxbie penINKx;
~KAeAH 18J)
PHC. 7. Tonorpa4HH Naga 1a npoHaAenHA SMyJIbCHOII-
Ilb1K MHKpOKpHCTaJIJAOB, o6bACIIHeMaA nocAOAHblM OT-
AO)Ke11HeM BeluecTBa npH pOCTe KpHCTaAAOB
I-9AeKTpoHHaa MHKpoc oTorpacHI A Br-KpNCTIAAA (yroAbxaa pen-
AHKa; KAe11H, MaTeReK 191); 2--MNKpo4OTorpacpNa (ANH. yBeA. 3450x)
nocAe NHTeHCHBHoro ocueweHHa N npoIBAexN^ noB! xNocTHMM Me-
TOArxapoxHHOHoabIM npoaaNTeaeM (3aaxc, MIIT4eA 151); 3-MNKPO-
(pOTorpadHa (AHN. yBeA. 2500X) nocAe KopOTKoro npogBAeHHl Nop-
MBAbxbIM McTOArNApOINHOHOBMM UPOKBNTIAIM (9N6xco. (6J)
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
5. ToIIoxHMMgecKMe peaKI&NH B cTaAMM BToporo Co3peBaHN!
AAA nOHHMaHHR npHPOAbI 4)oTOrpa4)H4eCKOH 4yBOTBHTenbHOCTM O7eMb
Ba)KHbLM RBHJIOCb HCCneAOBaHHe CBeA6epra [14], B KOTOPOM AOKA3aNO,
4T0 nepsble cneAbl npORBneHHH B03HHKalOT Ha nOBepXHOCTH 3MyJ1iCNM-
HblX KpHCTannOB. 1103AHee 6binO yCTaHOBneHO, 4TO CYnleCTByeT T$Klte
BHYTpeHHee CKpbITOe H306pa)KeHHe [15].
ROCKOAbKy BO BTOPOM CO3peBaHHH CpaBHHTeJ1bHO M8n0 AHCnepcfMX
(HeraTHBHwIX) 3MyJIbCHH, pOCT KpHCTanJIOB npaKTH4eCKH npeKpautaelCll,
a BMeCTe C TeM Ha6JIIOAaeTC9 3Ha4HTenbH(>e yBeAH4eNHe CBeTOgyBCTBN-
TenbHOCTH (HHorAa 6OJIee 4eM Ha ABa nopRAKa Be.mgHHbl), eCTeCTBeHHO
CgHTaTb, 4TO 3AeCb npOHCXOAHT 6naronpHATHoe H3MeHeHHe COCTOAMMII
nOBePXHOCTH MHKpOKpHCTaJIJIOB. OTCYTCTBHe nPH 3TOM KaKHX-nw60 BNAH-
MbIX H3MeHeHHH BbIABHHYAO npe.nOAO)KeHHe 0 MHKp0XHMH4eCKOM xapaK-
Tepe COBep1U )OLUHXCH 3AeCb npoueccOB. N3 HOBbIX AaHHb1X, noATBep)K-
AaIOIUHX 3H84eHHe COCTORHHA noBepXHOCTH, MO)KHO YKa3aTb Ha Onb17U
npHAaHHR MBKPOKPHCTanny AgBr nOBepXHOCTHOH CBeTOgYBCTBHTeJIMWCTN
nyTeM ero XHMH4eCKO11 o6pa6oTKH, o6pa3ylolueN Ha nOBepXHOCTM HeKO1 -
pble nPOAYKTb1 peaKUHH [16].
AOKa3aTenbCTBOM XHMH4eCKOTO xapaKTepa BTOporo C03peBaHHA NBJIR-
eTCH OKHCAHTenbHaH AeCeHCH6HJIH3aUHR [17]: eCJ1H BBeCTH B 3MYJIbCHK)
BO BTOPOM CO3peBaHHH (OKOAO SM,KC) OKHCJIHTenb (HanpHMep K3[Fe(CN)d]),
Ha6nlo,ZaeTCA CKa4KO06pa3Hoe yMeHbWeHHe CBeTO4yBCTBHTenbHOCTH H
ByaJIH. 4TO 06bHCHHeTCR pa3pyWeHHeM nepBOHa'anbHbwx npOAYKTOB TOnO-
XHMH4eCKHX peaKUHH.
ApyrHM AOKa3aTenbCTBOM XHMH4eCKOro xapaKTepa BTOporo C03pe-
BaHHR MO)KeT CJ1 KHTb [18] yCHJIeHHe, B CBH3H C yBeJ1H4eHHeM npoAoJ1?
NCHTeJIbHOCTH nOCJIeAHero, AJIHHHOBOJIHOBOA CBeTO4yBCTBHTenbHOCTH (38
npeAenaMH noAOCbg nOCAOU(eHHH AgBr). TaKOe H3MeHeHHe CneKTpBJIbHOA
CBeTO4YBCTBHTenbHOCTH npOHCXOAHT KaK CneACTBHe O6pa30BaHHH npO-
AyKTOB peaKUHH, Bbl3blBalOIUHX 3W KT, nOA06Hb1A OnTH4eCKOA CCHCH6H-
JIH3aUHH.
OCHOBHOH HCTO'HHK TOnOXHMH4:CKHX peaKUHH BO BTOPOM CO3peBaHHH
3aKnK)4aeTCH B 4)oTorpa(H4eCKH aKTHBHbIX npHMeCRX )KeaaTHHb1. 110A-
TBep)K3gaeTCH 3TO HeO6paTHMbIM CBA3b1BBHHeM HOHOB cepe6pa, ec.nH pa-
CTBOp )KenaTHHbI H HHTpaTa cepe6pa BblJ1ep)KHBaTb npH nOBblWeHHOA
TeMneparype [19].
CJIeAOBaTeJlbHO, BO BTOPOM C03PeBflHHH aKTHBHb1e KOMnOHeHTbl )Kena-
THHbI aAcop6HpyIOTCR Ha MHKPOKPHCTaJ1J1aX H B pe3ynbTaTe nocneAylo-
-
IUHX XHMH4eCKHX npeBpanLOHHH Bbl3bIBalOT H3MeHeHHe COCTOHHHA HX HO
BepXHOCTH. BCJIeACTBHe HaJlH'HA Ha KPHCTaJIJIH4eCKHX rpaHRX JIOKaJlb-
Hb1X HapyweHHH, MO)KHO CAenaTm BbIBOA, 4TO TOnOXHMH4eCKHe npogeCCbI
npOHCXOART Ha HeOAHOpO,3HOH nOBepXHOCTH.
143BeClHO, 4TO rpaHH KpHCTaJIJIOB HMeIOT ygaCTKH C pa3JIH4HOH peaK-
UHOHHOA CITOCO6HOCTbIO - Ha 3TO yKa3blBalOT Ha6J1IOAeHHH pOCTh H pa-
CTBOpeHHN rpaHeH. XHMH4eCKHe peaKUHH Ha KPHCTaJ1JIH4eCKHX rpaHRX
cJle,ayeT pacCMaTpHBaTb KaK HBJIeHHe, alla.ioru'iuoe pacTBOpeHHlO. MO)KH.)
npeLWOAO)KHTb, 4TO peaKUHH 6yAyT oco6eHHO 3aTpyAHeHbI Ha 3epK8Jlb-
HbIX, BeCbMa cOBepWeHHbJX rpaHHx, noay'alOI11HXCH, HanpHMep, npll
cKOne no nJIOCKOCTH cnaHHOCTH. AeiCTBHTeJIbHO, OnblTbl nOKa3blBa1OT,
410 nAOCKOCTb CKOAa MOHOKpHCTaA:Ia UHNKa AOJlroe BpeMR He OKNCJIR-
eTCH, a XOpOWO CKOAOTb1H no cnaHnocTH KPHCTaAn HCJIaHACKoro WnaTA
He pearHpyeT C COAHHOH KHCJIOTOH. OjuIaKO TjOCTaTO4HO Ha TBKyK) rp8Hb
HBHeCTH nerKylo uapanHHy, KaK Ha4HHaeTCH XHMH4eCKaR peaKUHH [20].
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
B CBH3H C 3THM HHTepeCHbIMH ABJIAIOTCA OnbiTbl [211 BBeAeHHH B KOHU-'
nepBOF'O C03PCBaHHH B 3MyJ1bCHOHHyIO cpeay BeiaeCTB, paCTBOpH10u1HX
AgBr (CM. Ta6J1H1 y 1).
Ta6AHUaI
BANANNe Ha CBOACTBa 9MyAbCNN c0eANNeHNA, pearNpymluNx c Ag Br
BeutecTBl, BBOAHBWHec1
O
nTMMaAbNoe
CBeTovyecT-
nAOTHOCTb
B KOHtte nepaoro
KonH4ecTBo
aNTeAbHOCTb
ByaAH
z
-3K8. X 107
c
03peaaHHH
Ha 1 z Ag
(AK ceK), -1 S
(D0)
rHo7HHaMHH .
. . . . . . . . .
7,5
490
0,28
3OAaHH1 KaAN
H . . . . . . . . .
4,0
460
0,10
:yJlb4HT t{aTp
HH . . . . . . .
40.0
430
0,26
raocyAb4aT 11aTpHN . . . . . .
120,0
540
0,27
S- + Ag. ECJIH we KOHIjeHTpaUUHS1 HOHOB
cepbi BeJIHKa, 06pa3y1OTCA 4aCTHljb1 Co6CTBeHHO CepHHCTOro cepe6pa B
PH AV HOBO}"( ()a3bi, 4TO npHBOAHT K AeceHCH6HJ1H3aI UH H pOCTy ByaJ1H
[44 . Bo3MO)KHO, 4T0 rpaHHljeli Me)KAy ceHCH6HJIH3HpyIOJ 4HM H AeCeHCH-
6HJIH1Hpy101jHM 3("eKTOM ABJIAer si npe.neJ1 pacTBopHMocTH Ag2S B
BH.1t' MOJIeKyJI H KOMI1JIeKCOB. B CB93H C 3THM cJieAyeT o6paTHTb BHHMa-
HHt' Ha pa6ory [45j, B KOTOpOH H3y'aJIOCb B3aHMOAeHCTBHe MHKpOKpH-
CTa.I.IIIB 6poMOHOAHCTON 3MYJIbCHH C THOM04eBHHOH. B 3TOH pa6oTe 6bUlo
noka IdHO, 4TO O((pa3OBaHHe o6beMHbIX 4aCTHIj CepHHCTOrO cepe6pa Bbl-
3biH.wT Bya.1b, TorAa KaK ero MOHOMOJ1eKyJ1$1 Hb1I CJ1oN nOBbIwaeT f rIHH-
HoIM,.IHoByIO CBeTO4yBCTBHTeJ1bHOCTb 6e3 3aMeTHorO ByaJleo6pa3OBaHHH.
a)Tli pt ~v'.TbTaTbI yKa3bIBaloT, 4TO noJle3Hoe Ae(1cTBHe Ag2 S Ha6J1Io. aeTCA
n11H s t.IOBHH, ec.7H OHO He o6pa3yeT caMOCTOHTeJIbHOH (4a3bl. OAHaKO
MI'4,,Mt1.1eKVJ1HpHblH c io Ag2S, CTporo rOBOpi, cJleAyeT paccMaTpHBaTb
Kai iacop6HpoBaHHbie HOHbI S2-, KOTOpbie BcJieACTBHe c ia6o i CBH3H
OAH"' l' H3 3JIeKTPOHOB MOryT o6pa30BbiBaTh, KaK nOKa3aHo B npHBeJjeH-
HoH +ceMe, cepe6pHHble IgeHTpbi.
PHC. 10. BJIHAHHe o6pa60TKH TOHKHX cAoeB AHl1nMa-
IIOBCKOB 9MyAbCHH B pacraopax THOMOtieBHHM pa3-
HON KOHUeIITpaUHH (pH = 10)
Sr OTHOCHTeAbnas a/eTO4y.CTl.TeAbnOCTb; -. - ? - DO-NM-
ANMOe NOTlNMlINe; -o-o- Db - nocAe npoa?AeNNI. no OCN
?6CILMCC - KOMaeNTINUN/ THOMO7eNNNM AOAb/A (bpOy. 110))
.LAN nOJITBeP)1(AeHHSl BbICKa3aHHbIX npeAno1no)KeHHN Ha pHC. 10 H30-
(1paU(eHbi pe3yJibTaTb1 [46] XHMH4eCKOIi CeHCH6HJIH3aI,HH CJIOeB JIHn-
11MaHOBCKOH 3MyJ1bCHH B pacTBope THOMO4eBHH1A pa3HOA KOHgeHTpa11HH
(npa pH=10,17). KpoMe Toro, Ha*AieHO, 4TO HaHBbIC1ll CBeTO4yBCTBH-
TeJI-NOCTh AOCTHraeTc 1 npH KOHIjeHTpaIXHH THOM04eBHHb1 nOPAAKa
10 -a IAOAb/A, 4TO, no HeKOTOpbLM AaHHwM [47], cooTBeTCTByer pacTBOpH-
MOCTN YOJIeKyJISIpHOro Ag2S.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
K CKa3aHHOMy cJleAyeT elue AO6aBHTb, 4TO npHMeHHeMwF AJIA y.Ily4-
WCHHH Ka4eCTBa )KeJtaTHHbi THOCyJIbq)aT HaTPHH Bbl3bLBaeT YCKOpeHHe
XHMH4CCKOrO CO3peBaHl1H B HeHTpaJIbHON HiU CJIa60KHCJION cpeAe JIHIIIb
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitize
d Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15 :CIA-RDP80T00246A063100080001-2
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
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3aHHble HOHbI cepe6pa, A13.9H0TCA 06J1aCTAMH, rje cOBepWalOTCA, noc ie
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CKpbITOrO H3o6pa)KeHH5i. Bbixo bi TaKHX o6.iacTef Ha nOBePXHOCTb CJIy-
)KaT meCTaMH HagaJla npo 1B.1enHH.
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co6pa)KeHHA n03B0:1A10T nOCTaBl1Tb Ba)KlibIN BOnpOC, nO4eMy CpeAH pa3-
.'IH4HbIX XHMI14eCKHX CBeTO4yBCTBHTeJIbit bIX CIICTCM raJloreHHAocepe6pR-
IIb1e )iKeJIaTHHOBbie 3MV.'IbCHH HMe1OT CTO.1b 60.IbWl1e it HenpeB3oH/eHHble
npeHMyluecTBa. Ha OCHOBaHHH 113:IwKeHHOfO npe LcTaBJIAeTcn B03MO)K-
IibIM CAeJIaTb BbIBOA, 4To OTBeT Ha 3TOT BOnpoC c-ie,iyeT HCKaTb B ABYX
o006eHHOCTAX )KeJ1aTHHb1 H raJioreHHAOB cepe6pa. C 011th CTOpOHbi,
)Ke,Jl THHa o6jiaaaeT CHO006HOCTbIO npo4Ho aaeop6HpOBaTbC51 Ha ra.no-
reHHAax cepe6pa H CB513bIBaTb CBo60AHbI i raJ10H 1, 4TO IOCTaTO4HO AJIA
o6pa30BaHHA cepe6piHbIX npHMeCHbIX ueHTp0B B 3MyJIbCI1OHHbIX MHKPO
KpHCTaJlJ1ax. C ApyroFt CTOpOHbI, B KPHCTaJlnax raJlOrelilt OB cepe6pa
.7erKO o6pa3yIOTC51 He TOJIbKO aliCJIOI(auHi1, no it 6o.'1ee rJIy60KHe JIOKaJIb-
Hble HapyWeHHH - KOHTaKTHble nOBepXHOCTH, C03,Iaio[uue MO3an41iyio
cy6CTpyKTypy It HrpaloKtie BMeCTe c npHMeCHbIMH ueHTpa in oco60 Baac-
Hyio POJIb npH O6pa3OBaHHli CKpbITOro 113o6pa)KeHHA H B npouecce npo-
lBJIeHHA.
1 . H e d g e s J . M., M i t c h e l l J, W., Phil. Mag., 1953, 44, 223.
2. T r i v e l I i A. P. H., Sheppard S. E., The Silver Bromide Grain of Pho-
tographic Emulsions, N. Y., 1921, 83.
3. 4 H 6 H C o B K. B., Sci. Ind. phot. (11, 1926. 6M, 45; 1927, 7M, 1.
4. 4 n 6 H C 0 B K. B., (POTOXHM. npoM., 1934, 2, M 3, 6 -- 4H6HcoB
MHxaAnoBa A. A., Tpynd HHKPN, 1935, 3, 143.
5. 4 H 6 H c o s K. B., M H X a A A 0 B a A. A., K HHO4 OTOxIIM. npoM. 1940, 6,
Mb 6, 24.
6. H 0 B H K 0 B H. A., Yen. Hay4H. 4)OTOrp., 1960, 7, 103.
7. Sheppard S. E, Lambert R. H., Keenan R. L. Journ. Phys. Chem.,
1932, 36, 174; Sheppard S. E., Lambert R. H., Swinehart 1). Journ. Chem. Phys.,
1945. 13 372.
8. Hamm
32
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
9. K I e i n E., Z. Elektrochem., 1956, 60, 998.
I' v if n s T., m i t c if e l l J. M., Defects in Cristalline Solids (Phys. Soc.,
19 ?), -109.
H. AKapKOB B. H., J o6pocep.1oBa
H KHHeMaTorp.. 1956, 1, 337.
12. K I e i n E., Z. Elektrochem., 1958, 62, 505.
13. K I e i n E., M a t e j e c R., Z. Elektrocher., 1957, 61, 1127.
11. S v e d b e r g 1'., Pilot. Journ., 1922, 62, 310.
1-). H o e r I i n H., H a in in F. A., Journ. Appl_ Phys., 1953, 24, 1514.
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3,73.
17. 4 H 6 H C O B K. B., YCn. XHMHH, 1958, 27, 277.
IS. BapufaBep B. F., Kpayul A. S., 4H6HCOB
npHKn. 4fOTorp. H KHHeMaTorp., 1957, 2, 413.
19. THTOB A. A., Tp. HHKPI1, 1948, 8, 41,
K. B., W. Hay4H.
20. K y 3 H e u o B B..1., KpHCTannhl H KpHCTaJ1AH3aLtHA, M., 1953, crp. 94.
2 1 . P a T H e p H. M., . Hay41f. H npHKn. ~ororp. H KHHeMaTorp. 1958, 3, 251.
22, 1 H 6 H C O B K. B., M H X a A A 0 B a A. A., KHH04)OTOXHM. npgM. 1937, 3, N 3, 24.
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I 192
M
7, 7
, 31.
27. S h e p p a r d
1'.+ if 2. 73,
3. E? H o d s o n J. H., Ind. Eng.
Chem. (Anal. Ed),
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."+. S h e p p a r d S. E., Ber. VIII. Intern. Kongr. Phot (Dresden 1931), 13.
iii. rIH6HCOB K. B., MHxafrnoBa A. A., Tp. HHK(PI4, 8, 75, 1948,
31. 4H6HCOB K. B., THroB A. A., MHxaI'iJIOBa A. A., NC. 4H3. XHM.,
1919, 23, 1387.
Q. MHxa-rnoBa A. A., ParHep H. M., THTOB A. A., 4H6HCOn K. B.,
41H3. XHM., 1953, 27, 866.
3.3. 4H6HCOB K. B., MHxaIAOBa A. A., Tp. HHK!H, 1948, 8, 75.
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35. 4 H 6 H C 0 B K. B., Ycn. Hay4H. 4)ororp., 1957, 5, 5.
16. 4H6HCOB K. B., THTOB A. A., MHXailn0Ba
rl,orolpacP., 1951, 1, 167.
A. A., Ycn. Hay4H.
37. K H p H n n o B E. A., TOHKaB crpyKrypa B cneKTpe noraou3eHHH (POTOXHMH-
IeCKH OKpaHIeHHoro ranoH,gHOro cepe6pa, Han. AH CCCP, 1954.
38. HeqaeBa T. A, KHpHnnoB E. A.. >K. HayqH,
17. I. a n d u I t-13 o r n s t e i n, Phys.-Chem. Tabell. Ergenzungsband., 249.
18. 11 H 6 If c O B K. B., XHM. HayKa H npOM., 1958, 3, 556.
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
49. 4 H 6 H c o a K. B., K a p n o a a A. A., CM. CTBTbK) B 3TOM c6opH., CTp. 35.
50. ' 1 H 6 H C O B K. B.. Journ. phot. Sci., 1959, 7, 41. Ycn. Hay4n 4ororp.
1960, 7. 3
51. KapnoBa A. A., MHxaAioBa A. A.. IIH611 coB K. B., AA H, 1958,
121, 133.
52. 4 H 6 H C O B K. B., . Hay4H. H npHK.1. (POTOFP. H KHIIeMaTO1 1).; 1960, 5. 65,
53. KapnoBa A. JI., )K. Hayti. H npHKn. 4)ororl). H KHHeMaTOrp., 1959, 1, 38.
54. McAAKAHp H. B, AAH, 1951, 77, 391.
55. E g g e r t J . , K l e i n s c h r 6 d F. G., Z. Wiss. Phot., 1941, 39, 155, 165;
Arens H., Eggert J., Kleinshr6d F. G., Wiss. Phot. 1943, 42, 33.
116. B a p w a B e p B. F., K p a y w A. Si., 4H6HC0B K. B., Z. %K. Hay4H. n
npHKn. 4OTorp. H KHHeMaTorp., 1957, 2, 413.
57. B P O Y H >1,eCTBa, o6aaAaIonfHe XHMH4eCKHM CpOACTBOM K HOHaM
Ag+ H B3aHMOAefCTBy1OI11He C TBepAo 1 q)a30f1 3MyJIbCHH. H3y4e-
IIHe 3aBHCHMOCTH CBH3aHHbIX HOHOB Ag+ OT HX KOHI1;eHTPa11HH B
paCTBope )KeJIaTHHbi noKa3bIBaeT [11, 4T0 B paCTBOpe, KpoMe coe-
,THHeHHN c na6HJibHOA cepON H BOCCTaHOBHTeJIeA, HaXOAATCH ABa
THna KOMn.ieKcoo6pa3ylOn1HX BelueCTB: coeAHHeHHH C HaH60JIbWHM
CpOACTBOM K HOHaM Ag+ , o6pa3ylo11uHe TepMH4eCKH yCTOA4HBble,
IIC'06paTHMble KOMnaeKCbl, H COeAHHeHHH C McHbWHM CpOACTBOM,
AaIOIUHe C HOH3MH Ag+ o6paTHMble KOMIIJIeKCbw (C npOH3BeAeHHeM
paCTHOPHMOCTH 6OJIbWHM, 4eM y AgJ)
113 pa60Tbi A. A. KapnoBoti (2), lia OCHOBaHHH aHaJ1H3a MHOrHX
WCHTKOB o6pa3iloB )KeiiaTHHbl, caeAyeT, 4TO CTYneH4aTaH 4 opMa
kl)HHhIX THTpOBaHHH, BbIpa icaiouuHX 3aBHCHMOCTb CBH3bIBaHHH HOHOB
cepe6pa OT KOHgeHTpaUHH 3THX HOHOB B paCTBope )KeJIaTHHbi,
HBJIHeTCH CJ1eACTBHeM nPHCYTCTBHH HeCKOJIbKHX BH.11OB aKTHBHbIX
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
110 ()OTorpa4)H4ecKHM CBOfCTBaM paCTBOp KaTOAHOA c)pahllllu
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
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4. BWAeJIeHHe npH HOMOIAH 3J1eKTPOAHaJIH3a npHMeCHWX Be-
IIIeCTB rIOATBepAHJ1o AaHHWe HOTeHI(HOMeTPH4eCKOro aHaJIH3a H n0-
Ka3a,10, 4TO YCKOPHTeJIH o6JlaAaIOT KHCJIOTHWMH, a TOPMO3HTCJIH -
OCIIOBHWMH CBOACTBaMH; y 6WCTpoAeikCTByIotgHX )KenaTHHW npe-
o6na 1a10T nepBWe COeAHHeHHH, y McAneHHOAeACTByIOIUHX, Ha-
0601)UT, - BTOpbie.
5. Kpoie 06paTHMOf1 Ae3aKTHBauHH (o6pa6OTKa HOHoo6MeHHOf1
CMOJIOg, 3JIeKTpOAHaAH3), BJIHHIO(uetl JIHWb Ha CKOPOCTb C03peBa-
HHH, Cy11leCTBYIOT Heo6paTHMaH Ae3aKTHBaUHA MCeAaTHHW, AOCTH-
raeMaA OKHCJIeHHeM. floc ieAHee BM3WBaeT pa3pyWeHHe He TOJIbKO
aKTHBHWX npHMeCef*I, HO TaK Ke, n0-BHAHMOMy, 4yHKUHOHaAbHHX
rpyttn B MoneKynax 6eAKOBoro BeluecTBa KenaTHHH.
6. He06XOAHMWM H AOCTaTOgHWM CBOIICTBOM MCenaTHHH AAA
o6pa3OBaHHA cepe6pHHWx npHMeCHWX ueHTPOB HBAAeTCH, nO-BH-
AHMOMy, Cnoco6HOCTb MOJIeKyJI 6eJKOBoro BelueCTBa KeAaTHHW
CBH3WBaTb 6poM.
1 . T H T O B A. A., Tp. HHK4PH, 1948, 8, 41.
2. K a p n o B a A. J1., )K. Hay 4H. H npHKa. 4,oT. H KHHeM&Torp., 1959, 4, 38.
3. Kapnoaa A. Ji., q x 6 H c o B K. B., W. Hay4H. N npHKa. 4)OT. H KHHe-
MaTorp., 1960, 5, 301.
4. Kapnoaa A. .TL, MHxaAJIoaa A. A., 4H6HcoB K. B., AOKA. AH
(-,CCP, 1958, 121, 133.
5. Kapnoaa A. J1., MHxaAaoBa A. A., 4H6HCOB K. B., W. Hay4H.
H n HKJI. 4)OT. H KHHCMaTOrp., 1959, 4, 183.
6. Sheppard S. E., Lambert R. H., K e n n a n R. L., Journ. Pnys;
Chem., 1932, 36, 174; Sheppard S. E., Lambert R. H., Swinehart UU
Journ. Chem. Phys., 1945, 13, 372.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 201
1/11/15 :CIA-RDP80T00246A063100080001-2
AEACTBHE COJIER HHEPTHbIX MEfAJIJIOB HA KHHETHKY
H3MEHEHHA OIITH4ECKOA HJIOTHOCTH BYAJIH
B HPOILECCE XHMH4ECKOFO CO3PEBAHH51
?OTOFPA4VH4ECKOR 3MYJIbCHH
MexaHH3M IuxpoKO npHMeHHIOn1eFOCH B HaCTOHluee BpeMH McToaa
I1OBb1WeHHH CBeTO4yBCTBHTenbHOCTH (4OTorpa( H4eCKHX 3MyJIbCH1h
npH nOMOULH co ieA 3OJIOTa He HMeeT euje AO CHX nop o61uenpHHH-
Toro o6'bHCHeHHH. 3TO 06CTOHTenbCTBO 11pHBOAHT K OTCYTCTBHIO
9eTKHX npeACTaBJIeHHf 0 CBH3H yCJ1OBHtk CHHTe3a 3MyIIbCHH C BeJIH-
4HHO{ 34)4)eKTa 30JIOTOA1 CeHCH6HJIH3auHH H HeAOCTaTOMHo nOIHOMY
HCUOJIb30BaHHIO BceX BO3MO)KHOCTeI 3TOI'O Meroaa.
H3BeCTHO (1], 4TO ceHCH6HJIH3Hpyloujee AefCTBHe coaeu 30JIOTa
CBH3aHO C npHCYTCTBHeM Ha 3MyJIbCHOHIIh1X MHKpOKpHCTaJh'lax
cepe6pHHbix IjeHTpoB. HCXOAH H3 O61UHX XHMH4eCKHX npeACTaB-
JIeHHA, CJIeAyeT npefnono)KHTb, 4T0 B3aHMOAefCTBHe HOHOB 30.107a
c cepe6psHbIMH IjeHTPaMH AOJI)KHO nporeKaTb KaK OKHCneHHe
nocneAHHX, B03MO)KHO C 4aCTH4HO 3aMeHOFI cepe6pa 3OJIOTOM.
L1pe3Bbi'a11HO cyIueCTBeHHbIM HBJIS1eTCH TO o6cTOATe.IbCTBO, 4TO
CO.1H 30JIOTa o6naAaloT CIIOCO6HOCTbIO CHH)KaTb nJ1OTHOCTb ByaJIH
B 3aByaJIHPOBaHHbIX BMYnbCHRX 121, 4TO CBHAeTenbCTByeT, [1O-BHAH-
MOMy, o npeHMylueCTBeHHOM B3aHMoAeI1CTBHH HOHOB 30. OTa c 6o-
nee KpynHbiMH Cepe6p 1HbrMH ueliTpaMH H, B nepeylo o'epe;jb,
c ueHTpaMH ByaJIH.
B OCHOBY 06bHCHeHHH MexalIH3Ma 30AOTOA ceHCH6HJIH3aUHH MO-
ryT 6bITb riono KeHbl ABe TO4KH 3peHIHH: 1) I1pe.1CTaBneHHH O HenO-
CPeACTBeHHOM AeACTBHH co.leA 30JIOTa 11a aKTHBIIOCTh UCHTPOB
CBeTO4yBCTBHTenbHOCTH H 2) o6'bHcireHHe 1Ia6:uo),lacmoro vBe.1H4e-
HHH CBeTO4yBCTBHTenbHOCTH IIpeHMYI1jeCTHeHHoA (H36HpaTe.1bHot)
HHaKTHBauHel ueHTPOB Bya.1H. Ec.iH npe:I11o.10)KHTb, 'ITO HOHbI 30-
.1OTa CII0006Hb1 pa3pyWaTb ueHTpbl Bya.1H, He 3aTparHBaH npH 3TOM
ueHTPOB CBeTO9yBCTBHTeJibHoc'rH, HO3MO)KHO, 4T0 OTH0CHTenbHOe
KOJIH4eCTB0 C06CTBeHHO CBeTO4YBCTBHTe.lbHbIX (11e Bya.1HpyK)I1jHX)
3epeH 6yaeT npH 3TOM yBeJIH4HHaTbCH. IICXO,1H H3 HbnCKa3aHHWX
coo6pa)KeHHf, npeACTaB.lflno HHTepec AiH BbIHCHeHHH o6cy)KAae-
Moro MexaHH3Ma H3y4HTb BJIHHHHe HOHOB 30.lOTa, a TaK)Ke ,1pyrnx,
6JIH3KHX K 30JIOTY n0 CBOfiCTBaM HHepTHhlX McTa:1.loH, Ila KHIIeTHKy
XHMH4eCKOI'o C03peBaHHH (f OTOI'paq)H4eCKHX 3MY.lbcllfl.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
BAHHHHe HOHOB HHePTHbIX McTBAAOB Ha KHHeTHK)I
XHMH4eCKOrO C03peB8HH9
lIccne1OBaHHe 6b1no npoBeaeHO Ha 6pOMOAOAOcepe6pHH0%
I%IynhCHH, coaepxcanlel 3 Mon. % 1IoAHCToro cepe6pa; OTAeneHHe
THel),1-
port npoi3o ji TCH Co3peBaIIHe.
TaK KaK 6POMIIOe 30.IOTO HB.IHCTCH Ma:lo pacTHOpHMhIM coe;lll-
II('IIHeM (XOTH H 6o.1ee paCT130p1IMIIM, ieM 6poMHCTOe cepe6po),
eCTeCTBeHHO 6b1.io Ilpe;lllo:Io)KnII,, 4TO y'CKOpeHHblll pOCT Bya.IH
B 11pHCYTCTBHH 60.1LInnX hOAH4eCTII 3TO1i COJIH Bbl3blBae"rcH CBH31,1-
BaBHeM HOHaMH 30.iOTa 11011013 6p0Mi1. kl3MepeIJHe pBr 3My.1bCHH,
H KOTOpyR) 6h1Ao BHeAeHO Ila I .'IHTp 43,25.111-1 Z.3K6. XJIOpHOFO
3oAOTa, aeflCTBHTe.1bHO IIOKa3a.10, 'ITO IIpH 3TOM lll)OHCXOAHT IIOBI,I-
IIIeHHe BeAHgHHbf pBr OT 2,80 Ao 3,05. B xo 1e HCC.leaoBalHIi 6bi.ia
IIpHro rOB.leHa 3MyJlbCHH C COOT HITCTByIOIIIHMH IIOKa3aTe.1HMH (plir
H pH paBHHAHCb COOTBeTCTBeHHO 3,05 it 6,2) H HCCAeAOBaHa KHHe-
THKa pOCTa ByaAH B 3TO{i 3My.1bCHH 11pH OTCVTCTBHH X.IOpHoro
30AOTa. IIOAy4eHHble pe3VAbTaTb1 IIpe,7,CTaB,leHb1 Ha pHC. 2, r,1e
KpHBaR I COOTBeTCTByeT KnHeTHKe CO3peBaHHH KOIITpOAbllOli 3My'A1.-
CHH npH pBr paBHOM 2,80, ICpnHaH 2 roti we 3MV.IbCHH lip" pair
paBHOM 3,05, a KPHBaH 3 3MVJII,CHH, 3Ha4ehh11e pBr KOTOPOA COCTaB-
AH.Io nepBOHa-aAbH0 2,80 H B KOTOpy10 61,lno BBe:>.eHo 43,20.10-5 Z.3K8.
XAOPHorO 30.10Ta Ha I JIHTp, noc.ie 'hero 3Ha,ieHHe pBr BO31)OC.IO
Ao 3,05.
143 npHBefeHHbIX aaHHbIX CJIell.yeT, 4TO yCKOpeHHe C03peBaHHN,
Bbl3BaHHOe TOAbKO nOHH)KeHHeM KOIIIIeIITpauHH H0110B 6poMa, 311a-
4HTeJIbHO Meflbnle, 4eM TO ycKopelile, KOTOpOe ua6AK)JjaeTCH HIM
BBe.1eHHH COAH 30AOTa. CJ1eaOBaTe:IbHO, 3AeCb HMeeT McCTO KaKOll-
TO ApyroA npouecc, npHBOAHIUH11 K o6pa3oBaHHIO HOBbIX IIeHTpOB,
Cn0006HdX KaTaAH3HpOBaTb npoueCC IIpOHB.1eHHB.
jJ,anee 6b1Aa cae.iaHa nonb!TKa onpeaeJIHTb 3HeprHlo aKTHBaiiHH
H3 TeMnepaTyHbIX Ko3(fl()HuHenTOB peaiuuH I,.i I KHHeTH4eCKHX KpH-
BbIX, IIOAy,ieHHbIX IIpH pa3.1H4HO{t I(onl(ehITpauHH 3OJ1OTON Co.7H.
0,1HaKO, IIpH 3TOM He 6bl.la IIO.Iy4eHa JIHHe3111a5l 3aBHCHMOCTb Aora-
p11l)Ma CKOPOCTH npouecca OT BC.IH'ltill hl, o6paTHOFt TeMnepaType
H rpauycax a6COJIIOTHOA InlfaJlbl, It Bh14IICAC'1111e 311eplHH aKTHBauHH,
c.1e1OBaTeJIbHO, OKa3aAOCb HeBO3MOIKHiii. BIIpo ieM, 3TOT pe3yAb-
TaT He 6b1.i Heo)KHAaHI1bIM, TaK KaK CaMa ()OpMa KHHeTH4eCKHX
KpHBbIX (c MaKCHMYMOM) CHH,1eTe.IbCTI3yeT 0 HaJlH'HH no McHbwefI
Mepe aBYX npoueccoB. Ellie pee MO)KHO Ha6AIOAarb 3TO HBAeHHe,
eC.1H Ha OCHOBBHHH nOAy'euHbIX 3KCnepHMeHTaJIbHbIX 1IaHHbIX no-
CTPOHTb KpHBble, OTpa)Kaioume 3aBHCHMOCTb OT npoA.OA)KHTeJib-
HOCTH Co3peBaHHN pa3HOCTH B nAOTHOCTHX ByaJIH KOHTPOJIbHO1f
3MYAbCHH H 3MyAbCHH, B KOTOpy1O 6bIAO BBeaeHO XAOpuoe 3OIIOTO.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
Ha plic. 3 nplise.aella a.7A npHMepa OAlla cepHA TaKHx KPHBLIX AJIH
KOHIu HTpauHH COAH 3o.loTa, palitioii 4,3.10-5 Z-3K8. Ha 1 JIHTp
9\fy':IbCHN.
PdCCMOTpeI1He pa31JOCTHbIX KPHBb1X eli[e 6o.iee Har.iu uIo nOKa-
11d Bae f, 4TO MbI HMeeM Ae.lo IIO KpaNHek Mepe c AByMA pa3JlH9-
1114MH npoueccaMH: oKHc.IHTe.1bubIM IlpoueCCOM, IIPHBOAAHjHM K
CHH)K FiHIO IIJIOTHOCTII ByaAH H KaKHM-TO ApyrHM npoueccom, npH-
BOANHIHM K ee HOBbIH1e1IHK). HO-BHAHMOMy, 3TOT BTOpoA npouecc
1 3 T
t cosoei 80x.
PHC. 2. KH11eTHKa H3MeileIIHA D0 9My'JIbCHt 6e3 AUCh
H C AUC1, IIpH 1)a3JIH4110M 3I1a4C11HH pBr.
1. KOHTpo/IbHaa 3My.7bCHA pBr - 2.80. 2. ROHTpOAbHa1 9MyebCHa
pBr - 3.C5. 3. 3MynbcHa, coaepHCawaa And,, pBr o 305
6o.iee HH3KH0 TeMllepaTypllbIN K03( q)HuHeHT, 4eM OKHCAH-
Tr.11,111d11 III)OUeCC, H 1103TOMy Oll OCo6eHHO OT4eTJIHBO BWABJIAeTCA
HIM IIH3KO11 TeMHepaType, Kor a OKHC.1HTeJIhnbit Ilpouecc npOTe-
K,ICT \feHee HHTeIICHBHO. FIpH 6O.lbIIIO{i KOHueHTpaUHH B CHCTeMe
JIOIIOH 30.lOTa, T. e. HPH Bb1COKOM OKHCAHTeAbHO-BO00TaHOBHTeAb-
IIOM IIOII'HII,Ha.le, 3'roT flpOu~!CC 3aTVl11eBb1BaeTCN, TaK KaIC B 3TOM
C.l\ 1l;le IlpeBa.lnpyeT IlpOueCC OKHCAeHHA ueHTpOB.
l\i1K IIfHeCTHO, B 3My.lhCHOHHO{I IIpaIKTHKe 30.`1OTaq ceHCH6HJIH-
3a1IHN, KaK IIpaHHJIO, 11pOHOAHTC1 C IIOMOUJb10 paCTBopa poaaHH-
CTOro .io.'IOTa. B CBH3H C 3THM 6b1.7H IIOCTaBJIeHhl OIIb1TIA ITO BAHA-
11HIi1 P3CTHOpa pOj1aIIHCTOI.O 3O.1OTa Ha yKa3aHllylo Bblllle 3aBHCH-
\IoICTb. 11OJIy'e11Hble pe3y.IhTaTb1, npe.LCTaleiel!Hble Ha pHC. 4, IIOKa-
31,IHilIOT, 'ITO H B TOM CAy4ae MOrYT HMeTh McCro o6a yHOMAHy-
TI,I& HLIIIIe IIpOIrCcca - OJ Hll, lIpHBO,1HIfHl1 K CIIIIN(eHHl11 HAOTHOCTH
H`, I;IH, Apyrof - K ee noHblweHHIo.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
11.1H 6onee noapo6Horo paCCMOTpeHHH Ka>KAoro 113 3THX IIpO-
IIeCCOH I!e06X01HMO 6LUJ1o 110111,1rarbCH [ICK:1104H1'b 0,gI1II 113 MIX.
1-Ioc1 o:16Ky tie HCeli IIVTb HCK:Ilogel1NH III)OI1eCCa, III)11HO1HI11el'O K
p0Cry 11.1OTHOCTH ByaJIH, 6ii is Caenaiia nOllbirKa HCK:1104Hr1 11.111
ocna61M, peakiwlo, IIpHHO1HI11yK) K CHHiKeIIHIO 11.IOTHOCTH ByaJiH.
t CVAA4 Q W.
11 (1) KOIITP-Di,.At)
IIpM 3TOM 6b1:1O cae:la110 IlpeA110AOiKeIlHe, 4TO 31'a peaKiui i 3aKJ110-
,iae1CH B OKHC:Ie1IHH Cel)e6l)HHblX IIe91TpOB HOIIi1MII 30:1OTa. O4e-
10111HO, 4TO CKOI)OCTb OKHC.IHTe.IhIIO1O iipoilecca 6vaeT HO31iCTaTb
C vBe:IH4eiiHeM KOII11ei1Tpa1IHH 11011011 61)o1a it nollHiKeHHeM BCJ1H-
4HH61 pH. IICXO,O,H H3 3!HX COO6paiKellH11, pBr it pH 3My.11 C"11 661JIH
IlOHhIHIeHhl COOTHeTCTHeIIl1O ao 3,1 it 7,4. Ha pHC. 5 IIpimeiellbl
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
KHHeTH4eCKHe KPHBbie C03peBaHHH TaKOR 3MyJIbCHH (t=450) nocAe
HBe,1eHHA B Hee pa3JIH4HbIX KOJIH4eCTB XJIOpaorO 30.IOTa. 60 Bcex
CJIy4aHX npH 3TOM HMeeT McCTO nOBbiWeHHe rIJIOTHOCTH ByaJIH no
cpaaIIeHHIO C KOHTpOJIbHOf 3MyJ,bCHeFI, He co ep)KaL eA 30JIOTOR
CO.111. 4TO I'OBOPHT o6 OTCyTCTBHH HJIH 3Ha4HTeJIbHOM Ociia6JIeHHH
O KHC.7HTe.IbHoro Hpouecca. XapaKTepao, 4TO KpHB61e, OTpaMcaIo-
u1He H3MeHeHHe nJIOTHOCTH ByanH npH pa3JIH4HOM coJ ep)KaHHH B
yMVJIbCHH XJIOpHOCO 30JIOTa, HPaKTH4eCKH CJIHBaIOTCA. OAHaKO TO
O6CTOHTeAbCTBO, 4TO KpHBaH 4, COOTBeTCTByIOu as CaMoS 6oJlbuiot
PHc. 4. KHHeTNI(8 H3MeHenu, D0 nocae BBeAeeHx poAaaH-
croro Sonora. T = 45?.
1. KOHTPOAbHaa 9MtiALCMI. 2. BaeAeHo 13?I0-6 Z-9KI N9 I A 9MyAbCHN.
3. BaeAeHO 25.10- Z-9K8 HI I A 9MyAbCMM. 4. BeeAeHo 52.10-6 f-!K/
NA I A 9N7AbCMM
Ko1IueHTpauHH XuOpHOrO 30JIOTa, JIe)KHT HeCKOJ1blfo HH)Ke aHaJlo-
I'H411hIX KpHBbIX, nOJIy4eHHNX npH 6onee HH3KHX KOHueHTpauHHX
9TO11 CO.7H, CBHAeTe.nbCTByeT 0 TOM, 4TO B He3Ha4HTeJIbHOtk CTeneHH
OKHCJIHTe.7bHh1 npoueCC HMeeT McCTO H nPH 3THX yCJIOBHHX. Eute
6().,ee y6eAHTeJIbHo rOBOpHT 0 TOM we aHaJIorHgHbie AaHHbie,
II().1y'eHHbie npH 6o.iee BWCOKOF TeMnepaType co3peBaHHH. CepHA
TdKHX KpHBbJX npHBejeHa Ha PHC. 6.
06pa3y1owHecH H H3ygaeMOM npouecce H HPHBOAHIlLHe K o6pa-
3OBaHHIo ByaJ1H coe4HHeHHH He HBJIHIOTCH aACOp6UHOHHbIMH, Tax
KaK OHH He y,ia.7HioTCH C nOBepXHOCTH 3MyJIbCHOHHbIX MHKpOKpH-
CTaJI.7oB npH HPOMUBKe BO11Oli HJIH PaCTBOPOM 6pOMHCTOFO KaJIHO.
I to jo611as HPOMh1BKa He BJIHHeT Ha POCT HJIOTHOCTH ByaJIH B 3MyJIb?
CHH H npH AanbHeliuleM C03peBaHHH.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
TaKHM 06pa30M, nova He npeACTaBJIAeTCA B03MO)ICHbIM BbICKa-
3aTb O6OCHOBaHHOe npeAnoJlo)KeHHe o MexaHH3Me peaK11HH, IIpHBO-
AHu efhi K yBeJIH4eHHIO nJIOTHOCTH ByaJIH H 0 npHpoAe o6pa3yIo-
LgHXCN npH 9TOM coeAHHeHH1. OAHaKO cam no ce6e CpaKT cyiuecT-
BOBaHHA 3TOR peaKuHH npeACTaBJIHeT 6onbuiot HHTepec H 3aCJIy-
)KHBaeT cepbe3Horo BHHMaHHH H AanbHeffnero H3yLeHHH.
2 f
t cawe6 6 we..
PHC. 5. KHHeTHKa H3MeHQHHA D0. T - 45?; pBr - 3,08; pH- 7,4.
1. KONTPOAbiaa BMrnbCNI. 2. BNIAeHo AOCI, 2.10.10--'" 1-AK6 N8 I A 9MyAbCNN.
3. BIeAeMo 4.25-10-' I-!Ka 118 I A SMyJIbCNN. 4. BIPAeNO 8,50?I0-' a-sK8 NI I A
9MyAbCNN
Ha pHC. 7 npHBeAeHa 3aBHCHMOCTb pa3HOCTH A (D o KoNTP. - Do Au)
OT npOAOJIHCHTeJIbHOCTH CO3peBaHHI AAA AHyX KOH11eHTpaILHN COJIH
30JIOTa - 2,1.10-5 H 4,25-10-5 2-3K8. Ha I JIHTp 3MyJIbCHH npH TeM-
nepaType 45? (cM. pHC. 5). To o6CTOATeJIbCTBO, 4TO BCe TO'KH 3AeCb
npaKTH4eCKH yKnaAblBaIOTCH Ha OAHy o61ayio nnaBHylo KpHByIO,
AaeT OCHOBaHHH npeAnonaraTb, 4To npH AaHHbIX YCJIOBHSIX CKOpOCTb
peaKn,HH, npHBOAHA[efl K nOBbIIIIeHHIO HJIOTHOCTH ByaJIH, He 3aBHCHT
B KaKHX-TO upezeiiax OT KOH>ieHTpa11HH XJIOpHoro 30JIOTa. BechMa
B03MO)KHO, 4TO 3T0 06CTOHTeJIbCTBO nOMO)KeT B AanbHefhlleM BbIAC-
HHTb MexaHH3M H3y'IaeM0fl peaK[iu.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
Bannumne p83AHVHbIX OKNCAHTeAeA Ha KNHeTNKy
H3MeHeHBA 11AOTHOCTH ByaAN
KaK 6b1Ao yKa3aHO abline, HeT OCHOBBHHA noJaraTb, 'TO HOHW
30.IOTa o6naaal0T KaKHMM-TO CneuM4 M ecKHMH 0cO6eHHOCTAMH,
HC.1e.1CTBHe gero. OHM OKa3IlBaIOT nncxmo%HTeAbHoe AeaCTBMe Ha
Cepe6pnHble ILeHTpbl. Hao6opoT, MOXHO npeAQOAOxcuTb, TO HOHbI
Ap) I HX HHepTHb1X McTannoI, B nepsy1O otrepeAk MQTaAAOB nnaTH-
HoBoA rpynnbl, a BO3MO)KHO H ApyrHe OKHCANTeJIH, MoryT OKa3M-
Bi1Tb Ha I)OTOrpal)HgeCKHe 3MYJIbCHH allanorHgHoe ceHCH6HJIH3HpyIo-
uiee AeACTBHe. HMeeTCH, B gaCTHOCTH, PRA HHOCTpaHHb1X naTeHTOB,
2 lwgp if wr.
PHC. 6. KHHeTHKa H3MeHeHHA Do. T==55*; pBr = 3,08;
pH = 7,4.
1. KOHTpoAiHAA 9MyAbCMI. 2. BBeleHO AHCI, 4.10.10-" Z-9K@ MN I A 9MyAb-
CNN. 3. BBIACHO 4,4.10 Z-9K9 HA I A 9MyAbCNN. 4. BBeleNO
8,5-10-' 9-9KC NO 1 A 9MyAbCNN
peKOMeHA.yIOII HX B KageCTBe CTa6HJIH3aTOpOB, B OCHOBHOM 3aMeA-
JIHIOl11HX pOCT ByanH OpH npOHBJIeHHH H XpaHeHHH CJIOA, HeKOTO-
pble KOMnneKCHble coeAHHeHHH nnaTHHbl, naJIJ1aAHA, pOAHH, pyTe-
HHA H HpHAHA [3J. IIpH 9TOM B HeKOTOpbIX CJIygaHX OTMegaeTCA,
'TO 9TH coeAHHeHHH MoryT npHBOAHTb K nOBbinieHHIO CBeTOgyBCT-
BHTeJIbHOCTH.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
z
t Caw 6 we
PHC. 7. 3aBHCNMOCTb pa3HOCTH Do KOKTp - DOA. OT npo-
AOAIKHteAbHOCTH CO3peBaHHH.
so -2.1.10-1 t-axm AuCI1 Ma I A /MyAbCMM;
x x-4,2.10-^ t-aKa AuCIs Ma I A ?MyAbcHH
t CL w 6100
PHC. 8. BAHHHHe K2PtCI,; Ha KHHeTHKY H3Me11eIIHA D,,. T = 55^
I. KoN?poabHI% 9Myabcxa. 2. BbeIeNo 4,710-' K PtCI, Ha 1 A 9MyebCHH. 3..Baeaeeo 17.010
K,PtC1s Na I A 9M)'AbCHN, 4. B9eAeHO 3,0.10-' K2PtCI Na I A 9MyJIbCNN
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
HaNH 6bi.lo ncc:1e11,OHaHO B.IHHHHe Ha (~OTOrpa()H4eCKHe CBOIi-
CTHa -jMy.1bCHI IIeKOTOpbIX H3 yKi13iIIHIAX COCJLHHeHHH npH BBe1e-
IIHH IIOC:IeAI(HX H 9My';II CHK) B Ha4a;ie BTOpOCO C03peBaHHH H yC.10-
BHHX, COOT BerCTBylowHX O6b14HbIM yCJIOBHHM 30.10TOH CeHCH6HJIH-
:iattHH. 1-10.9y4eHHble AaHHble IIpe;1CTaB. eHb1 B Ta61mite 1. HpHBe-
;tl'HHble pe3yJlbTaTb1 nOKa3bIBaK)T, 4TO HCe HCnIATaHHwe COeAHHeHHH
H (I():IbIHeA HJIH McHbWeli CTe11enH IIOBbllualoT BeJIH4HHy MaKCHMaJIb'
HON CBeTO4yBCTBHTe7bHOCTH 3MyJIbCHA *).
Ta6JHU.a I
BJIHAHHe co ieA HHePTHbIX McTaJIJI08 Hi MaKCHMaJIbHyIO CBCTO4YBCTBHTexbHOCTb
H 000TBeTCTBYIOIgyIO eA nJIOTHOCTb ByaJIH
YIOH
H HePT-
Horo
OnTHMaJibHaA
K0H4eHTPa4HA
(a r. moji. x 108
MeraAaa
Ha 1 z AgBr)
KOHTpOJIbHBA 9MYJIbCHA . . . . . .
280
0,18
X.lopHoe 30XOTo AuCI3 . . . . . .
Au+3
48,0
480
0,21
XnopnnaTHHaT KaJIHH K2PtCI6. . . .
Pt+4
64,0
440
0,20
X.9opnJIaTHHHT KaJIHH K2PtCI4 . . . .
Pt+2
10,0
600
0,32
X.iopiipw aT BMMOHHA (NH4)2 [1rCI6)
I r+4
2,0
470
0,18
`I H HAHT aMMOHHA (NH4)3?IIrC16)
C).A1,O0XJI0pHpHAHT aMMOHHA
(N114)5?Ilr(S03)2?C141 . . . . . . .
Ir+3
1,0
560
0,22
K, I l r (S03), . C!31.6H,O . . . . . .
1r+3
2,5
490
0,26
Na[Ir iS03)2?(NH3)31.31i2 H2O . . .
1r+3
8,0
520
0,30
112 I RuNO (C204)21 . . . . . . . .
Ru +4
1,0
550
0,50
RuNO (NO3)2 . . . . . . . . . .
Ru +4
9,0,
470
0,18
TISO4.2 TINO3.16 CS (NH2)2 . . .
Tl+l
0,4
500
0,28
X.l0p IcTblA nanna;lHH PdCI, . . .
Pd 2
12,5
360
0,20
OCMHeB8H I:HCJ1oTa I12O,O4 . . . . .
OsA 6
7,5
400
0,22
l~ IIpOA0.1N(eHI1e OIIHCaHHbIX BbIWe OnbITOB n0 BJIHHHNK) COJIH
i(I.' Ca Ila (JOTOrpaq)H4eCKyIO ByaJ1b 6h1.10 H3N'4eHO 1eACTBHe Ha
KI1',CHIC' pocra BvaJIH l1eKOTOpbIX H3 HCI1blTitHHMX mien. McTO-
;tlil-l 3KCIIepHMeIUTa OCTaBa.laCb TOR we, 'ITO H B ciiy4ae npHMeHe-
II11)1 X.1(IpHOr0 :ionora. Ha pHC. 8, 9 H 10 IIpHBe,leHbi KHHeTH4eCKHe
KpHBWe H3MeHeHHH I1.7OTHOCTH ByajiH nocne BBe,aeHHH B 3MyJIbCHH)
*) B HeKOTOpblX CJIylaAX MaKCHMaJIbHoi CBCTO4YBCTBHTeJlbHOCTH COOTBeTCTByeT
IIOBbIwellllall nJIOThIOCTb BVaJIH, HO B03M0)KHO, 4'1O 3TO 06CTOATeJIbCTBO CBH3aHO C
IIe10CTaTOYHO TuWaTeJlbHb&M Bb60POM OUTHMaJlbHbIX yCJIOBHA npoaeAeHHH onblTa.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
XiopnnaTHHaTa KaJIHH, XJIOpHpHAaTa aMMOHHH H X.1OpHCTOPO naJt-
JIaAHH. H3 aHaJIH3a npHBeJeHHb1X aaHHbIX c.7eayeT, 4TO HOHb1
4eTblpeXBaJIeHTHOIT nJIaTHHbI H HPHAHH MoryT nPH onpeaeJleHHbIX
YCJIOBHHX CHH)KaTb nJIOTHOCTb ByanH, B TO BpeMH KaK AJIH XJIOpHCTOCO
IIanJIaAHH TaKHe yCJIOBHH nOAO6paTb He yaanOCb. OAHaKO KOHUeHT-
paUHH HCIINTaHHbIX coeAHHeHHll1, Heo6XO,1HMaft AJIH CHH)KeHHH ByanH,
t Capri 6 a
PHC. 9. BAHAHHe (NH4)2 [IrCle] Ha KHHe-
THKy H3MeHeHHa Do. T = 55?.
1. K0HrpoabN.^ 9MyAbcxa. 2. Baeaeeo 2,610-6 r-9Ks
Na 1 i 9MyJlbcMN. 3. Bseaexo 7,0.10-1 z-9Ks Na I A
9MyJIbCNH. 4. BeedeNo 11,51O _5 z 9K6 Na I A 9MyJIbCNN
31a4HTenbHo 6onbWe, 4eM B cny'ae xnopHorO aoJIoTa. MO)KHO
IlpeAIIOJIO)KHTb, 4TO 3TO o6CTOHTenbCTBO CBH3aHo He C HHAHBH-
,U J 1bHIdMH oco6eHOCTHMH IIpHMeHHeMIJx HOIIOB, a C KOHCTaHTaMH
KoM11 IeKC0o6pa3oBaHHH BBOJ1HMbIX coneii.
1lpH aeIRCTBHH Ha 3aByannpOBaHHyb1 3MynbCHIO OKHCJIHTens Apy-
rorO THna - )Keae30CHHePOaHCTorO KaiHH B 6OJibWOM AHana-
3OHe TeMnepaTypbl (OT 38' Ao 72 ) H KOHUeHTpaUHA (OT 4.10-5
AO 100.10-? 2-3K8.) Ha6.7K)AaJIOCb CHHiKeHHe I1.7OTHOCTH ByaJIH.
C.7eAyeT OTMeTHTb, 4TO BeJIH'HHa 3T000 CHH)KeHHH B 3Ha4HTeJIbHO
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
McHbme % cTeneRH, qer a c.sy'Fae np MeteH{1H CORN 3OAOTa, 3aaa-
CHT OT KOHueKTPaRHH BBOAHMOA COAH, TeMllepaTypbi H KOHueHTpa-
unn HouoH 6poMa m BOAOpOAa (pHC. 11).
Ha6AIOAaeMoe nO1i BJIHHHHeM cojiel HHepTHbLX McTaJInoB nOBbi-
weHHe nJIOTHOCTH ByaAH (no cpaBHeHHiO C KOHTpOJIbHOA 3MyJIbCHeA)
ZC CQwd61Bc
PHC. 10. BJIHAHHe PdCIgg Ha KHHeTHKy H3MCHeHHA D0.
T = 555?.
1. KOHTPOAbHA^ 9MyabcNM. 2. BMeie.o 4,2-I0-3 2-9KC NA I A 9MyAb-
CNN. .9. BMe A'no 8.5.10-` 2-9K# MA 1 A 9M1AbCNN. 4. BMezeNo
25,9?I0-5 2-9K9 HA I A 9MyAbCMN. 5. BAeAeno 43.1.10-' 2-AKA MA I A
9MyAbCHN
B CAygae )Kene3OCHHepoAHCToro KaAHA He OTMeganocb. HH npH
KaKHX yCAOBHHX He Ha6AK)AaAOCb TaKHCe H nOBbilneHHe cBeTO4yB-
CTBHTeJIbHOCTH nOA AeACTBHeM KpacHOA KpOBHHOA COAH.
CyMMHpYR pe3yJlbTaTbi HccneAOBaHHA KHHeTHKH H3MeHeHHH nJIOT-
HOCTH ByaAH B npoltecce CO3peBaHHH BMyJIbCHH, cJieAyeT 3aMeTHTb,
4TO pe3yAbTaTHBHOe AeACTBHe coneA 30AOTa, nnaTHHbI H HPHAHA
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
3
tcaw B vac,
PHC. 11. BJIHHHHe K3Fe (CN)e H8 KHHe.THKy H3MeIleIIHH D0. T = 55?.
1. KOHTPOAbHAB 9MYAbCNB. 2. BBeAeHO 8.5.10 7-3Ktl Hi 1 .1 9MyAhcWH. 3. BBeAeHO
17,0.10 2-3K8 Ha I A 9MyAbCHH, 4. BBeaeHo 42,0.10 P-3KS HS I A 9MyAbCHN
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
Ha nAOTHOCTb ByanH o6ycnoB.neHO npOTeKaHHeM ABYX npOTHBOnO-
J1O)KHbIX, C 4)OTorpaq)H4ecK0f1 TO4KH 3peHHH, npoueCCOB. B 3aBHCH-
MOCTH OT yCJIOBHt CO3peBaHHH (TeMnepaTypbl, pH H pBr cpeAbl,
KOHueHTpaUHH BBOAHMOf1 COJIH H Ap?) cylueCTBeHHO H3MeHHeTCH
COOTHOweHHe CKOpOCTeI npoueccoB, npHBOAHIAHX K naAeHHI0 H
1)OCTY ByaJIH. B yC.1OBHHX, COOT BeTCTBYIO[uHX ceHCH6HJIH3auHH,
iipeeaJiHpyloiiee 3Ha4eHHe HMeeT npoi ecc CHH)KeHHH IJIOTHOCTH
nyaJln.
Pe3YAbTaTb1 HCCAeAOBaHH51
npHMeHeIIHyIO B HawHX OnbITax SMYJIbCHIO, IIoLIBeprHYTylo AJ1H-
TeJ1bHOMY CO3peBaHHK) H CHAbHO 3aByaJIHpOBaHHyIO, MO)KHO paCCMaT-
PHBaTb KaK cBoeo6pa3Hylo MOAeJlb, TaK KaK Ha HeR OCO6eHHO
nerKO npoCJIeAHTb Ae%CTBHe coned HHepTHbIX McTannOB Ha nnOT-
HOCTb ByanH. O6Hapy)KeHHble npH HccneAOBaHHH 3T0R MOAeJIH ABa
npOTHBO110J10)KHbIX npouecca, npHBOAS1lltHe K yMeHbweHHK) H yBenH-
4eHT"v) nJIOTHOCTH ByanH, CBR3aHbl, oveBHAHO, C ABYM$ npoueccaMH
Hen peACTBeHHOrO B3aHMOAefCTBHA COAetl HHePTHbIX McTannoB
c ueHTpaMH ByanH. Ec.1H 6yaeT HarlaeHO o6'bHCHeHHe 4)H3HKOXHMH-
4ecK01M npHpOAbl 3THX npOueCCOB, TO, nO-BHAHMOMY, B KaK0f1-TO
Mepe OHO MO)KeT 6blTb pacnpoCTpaHeHO H Ha npouecc I)opMHpoBa-
HHH CBeTO4yBCTRHTenbHOCTH. B CBOIO o4epeAb, 3T0 nOMO)KeT npH-
6JIH3HTbCH K nOHHMaHHIO MexaHH3Ma ceHCH6H.1H3auHH ()OTOrpallH4e-
CKOIi 3MYJIbCHH COJIHMH HHepTHbIX McTaAAOB H, B 4aCTHOCTH, K McXa-
HH3MY 30JIOTOIi ceHCH6HJIH3aUHH.
IlpHpoAa o6OHX Ha3BaHHbIX npoue000B CTaHeT 6onee HJIH McHee
nOHHTHOf, eCJH (POTOrpa4)H4ecKyio 3MynbCHIO BMeCTe c coAepBia-
UtHMHCH, B He i COJIHMH HHePTHbIX MCTaJInOB npeACTaBHTb ce6e B
BHAe CAO)KHOA OKHCJIHTeJIbHO - BOCCTaHOBHTeJIbHOik CHCTeMbz. O4e-
BHAHO, 4TO coaep)KaIuHecH B ( OTorpa4)H4eCKO1r 3MYAbCHH BOCCTaHO-
BHTeAH (icenaTHHa) CHOCO6Hbl BOCCTaHaBJIHBaTb HOHbI HHePTHbIX
McTaAAOR; c apyrori CTOpOHbl, IIOCneAHHe MoryT Hen0CpeACTBeHHO
B3aHMoaeACTBOBaTb C cepe6pHHWMH IteHTpaMH (ByanH HAH CBeTO-
4yBCTBHTenbHOCTH).
I1epBbIFi Ilpoltecc H YCAOBHHX C03peBaHH1 Mo KeT 3aKA1ogaTbCA
H TOM, 4TO npH BOCCTaHoBneHHH 30AOTa HAH apyroro HHePTHOI'0
McTa.1.1a H3 paCTBopa McTaAA IlepeXOAHT H nepecbinteHHoe 000TOH-
1111e H oca)KJtaeTCH Ila cepe6pHHlAx nellTpaX KaK Ha 3apoAblwax.
3"r( ilpoltecc, CJIeAOBaTeJIbHO, B H3BeCTHO% CTeneHH allaJIorHgeH
11p011000y (jH3H4eCK000 IIp0RBneHHH. O4eBHJtHO, OH AOA)KeH npH-
BOJ1HTb K yBe.1H4e11H10 aKTHBHOCTH KaK IteHTpoB ByaJIH, TaK H
I(CHTPOB CB('TO4yBCTBHTe.1)HOCTH.
B ropok np0lteCC - IIpOIteCC HelocpeACTBeHHoro B3aHMoaeACT-
HHH HOHOB HHepTHWX McTaAAOB C Cepe6pHH61MH IteHTpaMH-3aKAlO-
HIaeTCH, o'eBHAHO, B OKHCAeHHH 3THX IteHTpOB, T. e. B nepexoAe
3AeKTPOHOB c cepe6psiiiof 4aCTHItbl Ha HOH HHepTHOro McTaJlna.
3TOT HpoItecc, C 4)OTorpa( H4eCKOfl TO9KH 3peHHH, AOAACeH npK-
BOAHTb K nOHH)K IlHIO IIAOTHOCTH Bya.?1H, a He K CHH)KeHHIO BeJIH-
4HHId CBeTO'IyBCTBHTeAbHOCTH. TaKOA, Ha uePBb1F B3rJAA, napOAOK-
CaAbHblA HbIBOA He HaXOAHTCH B npOTHBOpe4HH C O61IteH3BeCT11bIM
IIo.1o KellHeM O 6oAbUI0N peaKIUHOHHOA CI1oCO6HOCTH AHcnepCHbIX
CHCTeM c 6o.mwoik yae.1bHOi IIOBepXHOCTbK), TaK KaK npH paccMOT-
pel1HH ()OTOrpa()H4eCKOCO npouecca CyllteCTBeHHOe 3Ha4eHHe HMeeT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
He o6Luan Macca npopearxposaBwHx 9aCTHu, a Hx 4HCJI0 H HHAHBH-
AyanbHble paaMepbl. O6naAan 6onbwofl HHAHBHAyanbHOF noBepx-
HOCTbIO, ueHTpbl ByanH 6yAyT C 60JIbweIT CKOPOCTbIO TepHTb aTOMbI
cepe6pa nOA BJHRHHeM OKHCJIHTeJIH H, cneJOBaTenbHO, c 6oJIbwet
CKOPOCTb1O TepHTb CBOIO () OTOrpa4JH4eCKyto aKTHBHOCTb, 4eM 6onee
McJIKHe ueHTpbl CBeTO4yBCTBHTeJibHOCTH. He HCKni04eHa B03MO)K-
HOCTb iiepeXOAa npH 3TOM ueHTpOB ByaJIH B ueHTpbl CBeTO4yBCTBH-
TeJIbHOCTH.
BblCKa3aHHble Bblwe coo6pa?KeHHR O (~H3HKO-XHMH4eCKOH Cylu-
HOCTH npouecca, npHBOARmeI'O K yBeJIH4eHHiO aKTHBHOCTH cepe6-
pRHhIX L1eHTpOB, H allaJIOrHgHoro (TH3H4eCKOMy IPOHBneHHIO, HaXOAHT
cBoe KOCBeHHOe nOATBep?KAeHHe B npHBeAeHHbIX B HaCTORIueM
coo6nLeHHH 3KcnepHMeHTa.lbHbwX AaHHbIX. XapaKTepHON oco6eH-
HOCTbIO npouecca, npHBOARIuero K POCTY IIJIOTHOCTH ByanH, RB-
.1HeTCR He3aBHCHMOCTb CKOPOCTH ero IIPOTeKaHHR OT KOHUeHTPa[HH
(B onpeAeJleHHLix npeAenax) HOHOB 3OJAOTa, ec.IH npouecc nOBblLlle-
HHR nAOTHOCTH ByanH Ha6nioaanCR B YCJIOBHRX, HCKnio4aIOI11Hx npO-
uecc OKHCneHHR (pHC. 7). 3T0 o6CT0RTeibCTBO, THnH4Hoe AAR
4)H3H4eCKoro npORBneHHR, yKa3bIBaeT Ha TO, 4TO B 1L HHOM coy4ae
CKOPOCTb CyMMapHoro npouecca oiipeaeJIReTCR CKOPOCTbiO erO BTO-
pofl CTaAHH, T. e. CKOPOCTbIO KOHAeHCaRHH 3OJIOTa Ha cepe6pH-
HbIX 4aCTHuax.
THHH4HbIMH yCJIOBHRMH, O6eCne4HBalOn1HMH nPOTeKaHHe npo-
itecca HenocpeACTBeHHOro OKHCJIeHHR cepe6pHHblx 4aCTHl1 HOHaMH
HHePTHb1X McTaJJOB, HBJIHIOTCH HH3KHe 3Ha4eHHR pBr H pH cpeAbl,
KoTOphle, KaK H3BeCTHO, B TO we BpeMR RBJHIOTCR Heo6XOAHMbIMH
)'CJIOBHRMH AJIR CHH)KCHHR IIJIOTHOCTH Bya.1N. TaKHM o6pa3OM,
Ha6nK)AaeMoe Ae1-1CTBHe coaeN HHePTHb1X MCTannOB Ha nJOTHOCTb
ByanH nepe3peBweR 4)oTorpa4H4eCKOEII 3My.1bCHH, Bb16paHHOf1 HaMH
AAR HCCJIeAOBaHHR B Ka4ecTBe MO11e.1H, MO}KeT 6bITb o6'bHCHeHo
TeM, 4TO B 3MyJIbCHH IIPH 3TOM npOTeKaiOT ABe cBoe6pa3Hble
OKHCJIHTenbHO-BOCCTaHOBHTeJlbHble peaKUHH. ClepBaH H3 HHX -- TO
BOCCTaHOBJIeHHe HOHOB HHePTHIAX McTaJInOB BOCCTaHOBHTeJIRMH
)KeJIaTHHbl, 11POTeKaloluee auaJiorH'HO McXaI1H3My ()H3H4eCKoro
IIpORBJIeHHR, 4TO HpHBOAHT K yBe.1H4eHHIO aKTHBHOCTH IIeHTPOB.
BTopaR peaKUHH-OKHCJIeHHe cepe6pRHblx ueHTPOB HOHaMH HHepT-
HbIX McTaJInOB, npHBOAR11.1ee K 110HHN(ellHI0 aKTHBHOCTH 3THX ueHT-
pOB. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT yC.lOBHFI (TeMnepaTypbl, pH H pBr cpeabi
H KOHUeHTpaRHH COOTBeTCTByK)I11e 1 Co.1H) OTHOIneHHe CKOPOCTC
O6OHX npOtleccOH MO)Ke-r nperepneBaTb Cy'llLCCTBe11HOe 113MeHeHHe.
3ro HaXOJHT CB(.e BU )KCHHe H TOM, 4TO IiapTHHa 113MelleHHH
II.IOTHOCTH ByaJIH BO BOeM(IIH 11Oj1 BJHHH13eM CO.IeFI HHePTHI1X
MCTa:IJIOB MO)1 eT 6bITb CJMON pKeHHH H ByaJIH. B COOTBeTCTHHH C 9THM CeJIeK-
THBHOCTb IIpOHBJ1e11HH U 6IAJIa BblpaM(eua CJIeayloujiM o6pa3oM:
U=K? v , (16)
I
rAe K- KO3(fi()Huue11T IIponopn(HOHa.ihHOCTH, a vi H V f -- CKOPOCTH
npOHBAeuHA OIlTH4eCKHx II.loTHOCTefl H306pa)KeHHH H ByaJ1ii.
B Tex CJIy9aHX, KOCAa vi > v f, B IIpOI(eCCe iip0HBJ1eHHH yBeJIH-
4HBaeTCH pa3110CTb Me)K.1y BeJIH4HHaMH OIITH4ecKHX IHJ1oTHOCTe l
H306pa)(eIIHH (Di) H Hya.IH (Df), 'I'. e. IIpOHBHTe.lh I)a6OTaeT H36H-
paTeJlbHo. fIpH vi =V1 H36HparejlbHoe 1eI~CTBHe IIpOHBHTeJIH Ha
(~OTorpa(~H4ecKH % ciio paBHO Hy.llo, a IIPH V i < of CeJ1eKTHBHOCTb
npoHBJieHHH, O4eBHAHO, nepexOAHT H3 o6AaCTH no.lo)KHTe.IbHbIX
B O6JIaCTb OTPHI(aTeJlbHb1X 3Ha4eHHN.
1-10llb3ynCb ()OpMyJ1011 (16), iiaj o IIOMHHTb, 4TO IIpOHBJIeHHe Ilpo-
TeKaeT H36HpaTeJlhHo (vi , ? vf) npH U> K; HeH36HpaTeJlbHO (vi = vf)
npOABJ1eHHe npOTeKaeT IIPH U=K H, HaKOHeI(, IIpOABJIeHHe Ilpo-
TeKaeT ?o6paujeHHO?, ByaJib iiapaCTaeT 6blCTpee, 4eM IIJIOTHOCTH
H3o6pa)KeHHH, (vi < vf) npH U (DY, -D) ? (27)
a. ~
EcuH onpeue.ilTb CKOpOCTH IIpoHBJIeHHB IIpH HeKOTO O11 011TH-6YAem
4eCKON IIJIOTHOCTH D, TO npH VCJIOBHH paBCHCTBa D~1 Dr~
HMeTb:
Doo,-D=D,r,-D,
COIIOCTaBJ1HH BblpaaceHHH
CTH aBeHCTBa 1221.
(2-'
(25)
(26)
(28)
(29)
K,
125 H 291, Mbl y6e)KAaeMCH B c1lpaBeAJIH-
Bo p
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Typhl. B :IeICTBHTeJIbHOCTH we Be.1N4HHa Dom, AOJIacHa H3MeHH rbCR
x 6yueT paBell
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246A063100080001-2
C H3MeueHHoM TeMllepaTyphl, IIOCK0.1bKV IIpN TOM 113mmle C11
OKIIC.1HT0:Ih110-B000T;IHO [tit TC:IhHhi ft IIOT('ll l(Ntl.1 III)OHBIHTe.11,110N CII-
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
KHHCTH4eCKOMY 3a1COHy. I-IOCKOnbKy B HHAyKLLHOHIIOM nepHoae H
6oaee H03AHHX CTaAHBX KHHeTH4CCKHH 3aKOII npoHB.1eHHH, HecoM-
HeHHO, pa3JIH4eH (B OAHOM cny4ae CKOpOCTb IIpOBBJIeHHH C yBeJIH-
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B IIpHILILHne, Ka3a.loCb 6b1, 6e3pa3.1H4eH. OAHaKO B npaKTH4eCKOM
OTHOIneHHH Ilpoiue H yaO6Hee CKOpOCTH V Bbipa)KaTb 4epe3 l/t, TaK
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C TCM, 'ITO CKOpOCTb IIpOHBJIeHHH B 3Ha4HTenbHOH CTeneHH 3aHHCHT
OT 1HO(I)y3HH IIpOHBHTeJIH H IIpOAYKTOB erO OKHCJIeHHH, H McTOaH-
'IeCKOM, OTHOWeHHH BeCbMa Ba)KHO paCCMOTpeTb BOIIPOC, H KaKOH
CTeneHH 9HeprHH aKTHBaLLHH npOBBneHHH (2) 3aBHCHT OF atlq)g1y3H-
OHHbIX HBneHHH B 4)OTorpa(!H4eCKOM c ioe.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
C 11eJIhIO HCCJIeAOBaHHH 9TOro BOnpoca MbI BbInOJIHHJIH HecKOnbKO
cepHAl OnblTOB onpeae.eHHH 3HeprHH aKTHBagHH E, McHAA CKOpOCTb
npoHB.IeHHA nyTeM H3MeHeHHA CKOpOCTH AHOc)y3HOHHWX Ilpogec-
COH. ,IOCTHraJ1ocb 3T0 pa31HgHb[MH cnnoco6aMH: 1) CH.7bHbIM 3aAy6-
JIHBaIIHeM 3My1bCHOHHOro Cnoi (nyTeM BBeaeHHA al(eTaTa XpoMa
H 3Mv.lbcHlo), 2) H3MeHeHHeM CTeneHH [IepeMewHBaHHH npOABJIHIO-
uAero paciBopa B npogecce IIpOABJ1eHHH H 3) yBe.1H4eIIHeM B93KO-
CTH 11pOHBHTe.1H 11yTeM BBeAeHHA B Hero 6OJIbtllHX Ko.1H4ecTB Ca-
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0110 Ile CKa3WBa.loCb Ha Be.1H'lHHax 3HeprHH aKTHBagHH npoHBJIeHHA
KaK IlvaJIH, TaK H H3o6pa>KCHHA. AHa.1orHgHble pe3y.1bTaTbl 6WnH
IIOny'ltHbi npH H3Me1(eHHH CTeIIeHH IlepeMelllHBaHHH IIpOABHTeJIA;
IIPH I10.1HOM OTCyTCTBHH IlepeMe111HBaHHH IIpOHBJIeHHe 3aMeTHO 3a-
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11aH6o.lee 3Ha4HTe.lbHOe 3aMea.leHHe IIPOABne1lHH B HaWHX 011W-
Tax 6tlJIO AOCTHrHyTO YBeJ1H4eHHeM B93KOCTH HpOABiHIOW,ero paCT-
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.1Hge 3 IIpHBeaeHbl pe3y.TbTaTbl OLHOrO H3 OnWTOB 3TOA CepHH
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IlpOHBJ1eHHA AO 3aAaHHOf onTH4eCKO(1 nJ1OTHOCTH npH TeMnepaTy-
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Te.IH IIPHBeJ1O K 3aMeAneHHI0 npOHBJIeHHA npHMepHO B 2 pa3a, a
HHeAeHHe 500 z caxapa nOHH3HJIO CKOpOCTb npOHBAeHHH 6onee 4eM
B 6 pa3. OAHaKO BeJIHgHHbI 3HeprHH aKTHBagHH HpOMBJIeHHH OCTa-
.HCb 6e3 N3MeHeHHH.
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J1CIIHH (JOTorpa(pH4eCKHx nJIaCTHHOK c 3MyJ1bCHeAl, H3roTOBJ1eHHO1
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11111,. O:lliaiio, 4TO H OTAeJIbHWIX CnygaHX Ha6.110AajOCb yBeJIH4eHHe
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TeJlb CTaHOHHJICA CHp0110o6pa3HbIM); CKOpOCTb npoHBJIeHHH B 3THX
C:I1'4aaHX yMeHblllanacb B 12-15 pa3 aJIH MaJIWX H B 7--8 pa3 AJIH
()OJIbIIznX HJIOTHOCTeII.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
BAHAHHe BBeAeHHA caxapa B HpOABHTeAb Ha 9HepFHIO aKTHBaUHH H CKOpOCTb npOABJIHHA
CBeT04VBCTBHTeJIbHblll M&TePHBA - a ponAeHKa THU 10; npoaBHTeJIb 4H6HCOBa; nJIOTHOCTH DJ OTHOCHTCA K BepXHell 4aCTH
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Df =0,4
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23
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13
12
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14.8
29,8
37,2
45,9
3,4
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8,5
200 z caxapa
If (25')
4,2
8,4
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13,5
1,5
1,8
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21
21
21
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14
13
15
15
t (15?) mum
52,0
96,0
114.5
157,4
12,5
14,2
20,4
26,0
500 z caxapa
t (25')
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42.5
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
BANINNe BseAeHNa cazapa s spolBHTeAb Na 9Heprxn aKTHBauNN npONBaeNII
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500 z caxapa
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23
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19
19
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18
5 9acoB
500 z caxapa
14
20 I
19
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18
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18
17
17
16
16
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17
18
17
17
17
18
18
17
B. npoi.ASNm onmu%*CKUx nAOmNOCmeli uso6paxceKuR (DI)
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DI=1,6
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13
13
14
14
13
13
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500 z cazapa
13
13
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9
9
10
9
10
9
9
9
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500 z caxapa I
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10
10
10
10
10
10
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12
12
12
12
12
12
I 12 12
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500 z caxapa
13
13
13
14
14
-
- 13
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
To o6CTORTeJlbCTBO, 4TO 3aMeaJleHHe npO(BJIeHHH, Aa)Ke BeCbMa
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uecCOB, B 60AbUIHHCTBe c.iy4aeB He CKa3bIBaeTCH Ha BeAH4aHax E,
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(IIpOHBHTeJIR), a K- MHO)KHTeJIb, BKA1ogaloIUHN I)aKTOpw, OnpeAe-
ARIoujHe CKOpOCTb npOHB.IeHHH IOMHMO KOHUeHTpaUHA pearHpylO-
IIjHX BeujeCTB H 3HeprHH aKTHBaUNH IIp0HHJIeHHH. IIOJI KOHueHTpaUNeA
CRed nOApa3yMeBaeTCR K0HUeHTpaUHR npOHBHTe.IH B CAOe B6JIH3H
3MyJIbCHOHHbIX 3epeH, a He B pacTBope HaA. CJIOeM.
IIOHHTHO, 410 yKa3aHHaH KOHUeHTpaLHR CRed B 3MyJIbCHOHHOM
CAoe B IIpoi ecce IIPOHBJ1eHHH B 3Ha4HTe.IbHON creneHH 3aBHCHT OT
CKOPOCTH paCXOJLOBaHHH IIpOHBHTeAH H HOCTyIIJ1eHHR CBe)KHX nop-
IIH11 H3 paCTBopa B CJIO 1, T. e. OT CKOPOCTH AH(~4)y3HH npORBHTeJi}.
S'MeHbulaH TeM HAH HHb1M CH0006oM CKOPOCTb IHI~I)y3HH, Mbl TeM
CaMNM yMeHb111aeM KOHIIeHTpaUHK) CRed H, B COOT Be rCTBylOnjee 4H-
CuO pa3, CKOPOCTb npoHBAeHHH V. -)HeprHR aKTNBaUHH peaKUHH (e)
oCTaeTCH npH 3TOM 6e:1 H3MeHeHHH. BeJIHMHHa a-'E RT (I)aKTOp BOJibU-
HaHa) onpeaeuReT AoJ11O aKTHBHbIX MonelcyJi npoRBJlHioujero Beuje-
CTBa, CHOCO6HhIX npeoaoAeTb 9HepreTH4eciiH11 6apbep peaKUHH.
COBepweHHO O4eBHAHO, 4TO 3Til Be.IH'HHa (aojiR aKTHBHbIX mone-
KyA) MO)KeT McHBTbCR C 113MeHCHHeM TeMnepaTypw, H3MeHeHHeM
COCTORHHH HOBePXHOCTH H COCTaBa 3MVJIbCHOHHb1X 3epeH, H3MeHe-
HHeM 3HepreTH4eCKOrO COCTORHHH MOAeK)A IIPORBAHK)lljer0 Beuje-
CTBa (HanpHMep B pe3yAbTaTe HOHH3aUNH) H T. H. OujiaKO 3Ta Be-
JIH4HHa He 3aBHCHT OT KOHIjeHTPaUHH I1pOHBHTeJIR (ec.1H TOJIbKO C
H3MeHeHHeM KOIIIIeHTPaUHH He McHHeTCH 3HeprelH4eCKoe COCTOH-
HHe MOJIeKy'J1 HAN HOHOB npoHBAHK)ujero BeujeCTBa). 1103TOMy H3-
McHeHHe CKOpOCTH AH(1(~y3HOHHhIX IIp0II CCOB (n0MHM0 BJIHHHHH
TeMllepaTVpw) He IIpnBOAHT K H3MeHeHHIO 3HeprHH aKTNBaUHH npO-
RBAeHHH (POTOrpa()N4eCKHX cAOeB, 4TO H 6wno HaMH BbIHCHeHo
3KcnepHMeHTa.16HbIM nyTei.
CAeayeT OTMeTHrb, BIIp04eM, 4f0 B03MO)KHbI TaKHe YCAOBHH,
IIPH KOTOpwX 3aMCAAeHHe AH()(Jy3H0HHhX npouecco MO)KeT Bb13-
BaTb 3aMeLJIeIlHe npORH.1eHHH B pe3yJlbTaTe He TOJ1bK0 yMellbllleHHH
I )IIueuTpauHH CRed, 110 H yBeAH4eHHH 9HepI'HH aKTHBaUNH e. 1-1pi
uio(eHHO CHAb11OM 3aMea.1eHNN AHO(ly3HH, T. e. HpH HeAOCTaTO4Ho
6610rpOM yula.leIIH11 I11)OAyKrOB peaKUHH H3 CAOR, OKouo IIpORBARe-
MI1X 3MyAbCHO111IIIX 3epeH MorvT Hal(anJIHBaTbCR HOHw 6pOMa, Ha-
JIN4He KOTOpbIX, KaK H3BeCTHO 1171, npHBOAH r K yBe.7H4eIIHIO 3Hep-
rHH aKTNBaUHH IIpOHBJ1eHHH. I1oMNMO 9TOr0, H yCJ10BNHX HeAOCTa-
T04H01'O 06Meua I11)OHBHTCJIR Me:K;1y CJIOeM H paCTBOPOM (IIpH He-
,70CraTO41O 661CTpOM IIOCTyn:1eHHH CHe)KHX IIOpLLHli IIpoHB.1HK)ujero
HcIUeCI'Ba K McCT}' peaKUNN) IIpOHBAeHHe MOrYT oCyllleCTBAHTb MO-
.IeKy.iw (H.1N 110111,1) He T0AbKO Hcx0 .iIor0 11poRB.7RloluerO Benje-
CTBa, HO H ero CV.1bt4011pOH3BOAHuX. [1OHHIHO, 4TO B 3TOM cny4ae
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
3HeprHH aKTHBaUHH a AO.7)KHa B03paCTaTb. YKa3aHHoe RBneHHe 6H.10
01 Me4eH0 HaMH Bblwe.
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JIHII1h KOCBeHHOIi npH4HHON H3MeHeHHH e. B AeIicTBHTeJIbHOCTH H3-
McHt'HHe a Cny%HT KpHTepHeM Toro, 4TO npOTeKalonlaR npH yKa-
3aHHbIX yC.7OBHHX XHMH4eCKaR peaKUHH, XapaKTepH3yeTCR HHbIM
3Hepre.TH4ecKHM 6apbepoM, 4eM Ta peaKUHH, KOTOpaR npOTeKana 6bw
H yC.'IOBHRX xopoiuero o6MeHa npOHBHTeJIH Mea(Ay CJ10eM H paCT-
HOPOM.
Heo6XOAHMO, Aanee, yKa3aTh, 4TO TeMnepaTypHNe KO3("HUH-
CHThl (H, CJIeAOBaTeJIbHO, 3HeprHH aKTHBaUHH) AH( (Py3HOHHHX npo-
IIe000B H XHMH4eCKHX peaKILHli HO Be.'IH4HHaM CynLeCTBeHHO pa3JIH-
4aK)TCR. Ellie B 1907 ro.y Wennapa H MH3 B CHOeM KJIaccH4eCKOM
HccaeJ oBaHHH 1221, CCb1JIaHCb Ha pa60Tb1 BaHT-Foq)(Da, 5o.eHUITeliHa
H ApyrHX aBTOpoB, OTMeTHJIH, 4TO TeMllepaTypHbIf K034)(4HUHeHT
1H1 ()y3HH paseH npH6JIH3HTe.lbHO 1,5, a H cily4ae XHMH4eCKHX
p('aKIIHIl HMeeT BeJ1H4HHy OKOJIO 2-3. B nepecteTe Ha BeJIH4HHbI
3HeprHH aKTHBaUHH 3TO o3Ha4aeT, 4TO A.7R AH()(()y3HOHHHX npo-
Ue000H xapaKTepHa BeJIH'HHa e nopHAKa 6-8 KKa l/.K0Ab, a a.1R
XHMH4eCKHX peaKUHR-nOpRAKa 12-20 KKaA'.KOAb H BbIIlwe. B COOT-
BeTCTBHH C 3THM HaXOARTCH yKa3aHHH 112, 23] Ha TO, 4TO 3HeprHH
aKTHBaUHH npORBneHHH, CKOPOCTb Koroporo peryJiHpyeTCH TOJIbKO
AHepq)y3HOHHbIMH npOUeCCaMH, paBu(a npHMepHO 5-8 KKaA/.KOJlb. Cne-
AOBaTeJIbHO, BO Bcex CJIygaix, Koraa 3KCI ePHMeHTaJIbHO HaXOAHMaH
BeJIH4HHa 3HeprHH aKTHBaUHH paBHa HJIH 6Onbwe 8-10 KKaAI.KO4b,
Mbi HMeeM Aeno c 3HeprHet% aKTHBaUHH peaKUHH npoRBdeHHH, a He
aHq)4)y3HOHHbIX npoueccoB. B TeX we cny4aax, KorAa e < 8 -
10 KKaA1.KOAb, Mbd BnpaBe AyMaTb, 4TO 3Ta BenH4HHa CBR3aHa CKO-
pee c IH4)4)y3HOHHbIMH npogeccaMH, 4eM c peaKUHeA np0RBJIeHHH.
8. 3aBHCHMOCTb $HepFHH BKTNBaUHN nPOIBJIeHHH OT SKCn03HUHH
H nPOAOJIH(HTe. bHOCTH nPOHBJ1eHHU
B McTOAH4eCKOM OTHOweHHH Ba)KHO paCCMOTpeTb TaK)Ke BOHPOC
0 3aBHCHMOCTH 3HeprHH aKTHBaUHH IIPOHBneHHH OT 3KCH03HUHH H
1IEP0AOJIMCHTeJIbHOCTH np0RBneHHH 4)OTorpa4)H4eCKHX CJloeB.
B iHTepaType y)Ke HeOAHOKpaTHO yKa3MBan0Cb 16, 7, 9, 10, 11,
12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 24, 25, 261, 4TO 3HeprHH aKTHBaUHH npORBJ1eHHR
ByaJIH (ej) 3aMeTHo 6onbwe (npHMepHO Ha 10 KKaA/.KOAb) 3HeprHH
aKTHBaUHH npORBneHHR H306pa)KeHHH (e,). BMeCTe C TeM, 6HJIH OT-
Mt'4eHb1 CJIygaH, KorAa BeJIH'HHb1 of H e! 6HJIH paBHbl HJIH Aaxce
3HeprHH aKTHBaUHH IIpoMBneHHR H3o6pa)KeHHR HeCKOnbKO npeBH-
wana 3HeprHlo aKTHBaUHH npOHBneHHR ByanH [15, 16, 17, 27]. 1lpH
3TOM OCTaJIOCb HeyT04HeHHHM, KaK H3MeHReTCH 3HeprHH e1 C H3Me-
HeHHeM 3Kcn03HUHH, H, B CBR3H C 3THM, OCTa is OTKPHTbIM BOIIpOC,
1IpH KaKOll TO4Ke XapaKTepHCTH4eCKOH KPHBOf1 HaAo onpeaeJIHTb
Tt'MllepaTypHHe K03q)j)HUHeHTH npORBJ1eHHR, Koraa MH XOTHM BH-
4HCJIHTb 3HeprHK) aKTHBaUHH npORBJIeHHR H3o6pa)KeHHH (es). Cneao-
Bare.lhHO, Ba)KHO 9KCHepHMeHTaJIbHO npocneAHTb, KaK H3MeHRIOTCH
BeJIH4HHbI S C H3MeHeHHeM 3KC11O3HUHH.
B McTOAH4eCKOM OTHOweHHH BecbMa Ba)KHbIM HBJIReTCH TaK)Ke
BOHPOC 0 TOM, npH KaKHX nPOAOJI)KHTeJIbHOCTRX npORBJIeHHR (t),
HJIH, ApyrHMH CJIOBaMH, npH ?KaKHX ofTH4eCKHX nJ1OTHOCTHX (D),
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
paCTYIUHX B npouecce npOABJIeHH11, CAeAyeT onpeAeiATb Be.IHgHHW e.
9TOT BOnpOC, ogeBHAHO, OTHOCHTCR B PBBHOA CTeneHH K onpeAe-
JIeHHHM s1, TaK H St. nOCKOJIbKy OnTHgecKan nJIOTHOCTb B nepBOM
npH6JIH)KeHHH npOnOpl[HOHalibHa KOJIHgeCTBy npoHBAeHHoro Ce-
peapa, CMLICJI nOCTaBneHHoro Bonpoca CBOAHTCH K TOMy, npH Ka-
KHX KOHUeHTpaUHHX o6pa3yiolueroCH npOAyKTa CJ1eAyeT onpeAejiflTb
3He rHIO s.
AHTepaType BOnpOC 0 3aBHCHMOCTH 9HeprHH aKTHBaUHH s OT
npOAOJI)KHTeJIbHOCTH np0HBJIeHHH nOVTH He OCBeIUeH. B AHCcepTa-
UHH ApiionbA [51, npaBAa, yKa3aHO, uTO BeJIH9HHbi a npaKTHgeCKH
He 3aBHCHT OT npOAOJI)KHTeJIbHOCTH npoSBJIeHHH, HO, K3K Mbl HH)Ke
nOK8)KeM, 3T0 OTHOCHTCH He KO BCeM CAygaiM np0HBJIeHHH.
HaMH HaKOnneH O6WHpxblA 9KcnepHMeHTaJIbHb1Fl MaTepHan, no-
3BOAHIO[UHA npocneAHTb 3aBHCHMOCTH BeJIH4HH a OT 9KC1103HUHH H
npOAOA)KHTenbHOCTH npOHBneHHH. HaH6onee THnH4Hb1e cnygaH H
BbIBOAbI H3 HHX paccMOTpeHbi HH)Ke.
YHce B nepBOA HameA pa6oTe, noCBHIUeHHOA HCCneAOBaHHIO TeM-
nepaTypHblx 3aBHCHMOCTeA lipogBJIeHHH, 6bina npHBeAeHa 1141 Ta6-
JIHUa, I103BOAHIoIUag CAeJlaTb Helco?opMe BHBOJ(bI no pacCMaTpHBae-
MMM 3Aecb BonpocaM. CoAepxcaHHe 9TOA Ta6nHUM, nocne nepe-
CgeTa BeJIHqHH TeMnepaTypHMX K094 4 HUHeHTOB (a) Ha BeJIH'HHM
3HeprHH aKTHBaUHH (e), AaHO B HaCTOH1Ue % CTaTbe B Ta6JIHUe 5.
B KageCTBe cBeTogyBCTBHTenbHMX MaTepHaJIOB B 9THX onWTax npH-
McHHJIHCb OTegeCTBeHHble nJIeHKH (a9ponneHKa THn, 10 H nO3HTHB-
Hag KHHOnneHKa). flpOHBAeHHe npOBOAHJIOCb B IUenOgHOM pacTBope
XJIOpHCTOrO OJIOBa (T. e. B pacTBope CTBHHHTa HBTpHH) H B CTaH-
AapTHoM napaaMHHo4)eHOJIOBOM npOABHTene.
113 Ta6nHUbl 5 OTgeTJIHBO BHAHO, 'TO 9HeprHH aKTHBaUHH npo-
ABJIeHHH (s) yMeHbmaeTCH c yBenHgeHHeM SKCn03HUHH (H) H B03-
pacTaeT C yBenHgeHHeM npOAOA)KHTenbHOCTH npon8aeHH9 (C yBenH-
geHHeM onTH4ecKOA IIJIOTHOCTH D) 113 3TOA Ta6JIHUM BHAHO, BMeCTe
C TeM, 'TO CKOPOCTb npOHBneHHH CTaHHHTOM HaTpHH peryJlHpyeTCH
AH4)4)y3HOHHMMH npoi eCCaMH (a< 10), a npH np0BBJIeHHH n-aMHHO-
t eHOAOM 9HeprHH aKTHBaUHH 6Mna cHHxceHa AO AH44y3HOHHMX
3HageHHA (s = 9) JIHWb npH 60nbmHX SKCn03HUHRX B ciygae n03H-
THBHOA KHHOnneHKH.
6o iee nonHMe AaHHMe no paccuarpHBaeMOMy Bonpocy npeA-
CTBBneHM B Ta6JIHiie 6. 9TH AaHHMe OTHOCHTCH K npOHBneti?Hlo B
npOHBHTene 14H6HCOBa 4)OTorpa4)HgecKOA 9MyJIbCHH, nOABeprHyTOA
pa3JHgHOA npOAOA)KHTenbHOCTH BTOporo Co3peB8HHH. B Ta6AHue 6
gepe3 S o603HageHO OTHOCHTenbHoe BpeMH C03peBaHHH C ygeTOM
Toro, 'TO S = 1 COOTBeTCTByeT BpeMeHH c03peBaHHH, nPH KOTOPOM
AOCTHraeTCH MaKCHMYM CBeTOgyBCTBHTeAbHOCTH.
Ta6AHUM 5 H 6 rOBOPHT 0 TOM, 'TO 9HeprHH aKTHBaUHH npotiB-
AeHHH H3MeHHeTC9 C H3MeHeHHeM KaK 9KCI103HUHH, TaK H npOAOA-
)KHTeJIbHOCTH npOHBneHHH. 1lpocneaHM BHagaJle H3MeHeHHB 9HeprHH
aKTHBaUHH npOHBAeHHH ByaJH (e.) C H3MeHeHHeM npoAOnH(HTeAb-
HOCTH npOHBneHHH. Kaic BHAHO H3 Ta61HUM 6, B CAygae MaJIO Co-
3peBltleA (t = 0,4) H HOPManbHO C03peBmeA (t = 1,0) 9MyAbCHA, 9Hep-
rHH of 6MCTP0 B03paCTaeT C Bo3paCTaHHeM OnTHgeCKOA nAOTHOCTH,
T. e. C yBenHgeHHeM npOAOA)KHTeJibHOCTH npOHBAeHHH. 3TOT 4aKT
4)H3HgeCKH AerKo nOHBTeH. He3KCnOHHpoBaHHble 9MyJIbcHOHHble
3epHa (3epHa ByaAH) B npeAenax AaHHOA 3MynbCHH o6AaAaloT pa3-
J1YgHOA Aa6HJIbHOCTbIO. ApyrHMH CAOBaMH AAH npoJBAeHHJI pa3-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
(:TaIIHT
HaTI)HH
D = 0,3
D = 0,3
0,5
0,5
0,8
0,8
1,0
1,0
1,2
1,2
1,5
1,5
2,0
2,0
2,5
CTBHHT
118TpHA
Hf=1
11 p m M e 9 a H H e. B Ta6JIHue 5 Be.HgHIIbI 6 noA py6pHKOA Hf = 0 npeACTBBJIAIOT C060A BeJIHgHIII if, a IIOA py6pHK8MH
Ig HI, Ig H2 H Ig H3 - BeJIH4HHN !j npH pa3JIH91ii x 9KCn03HUHAx. B CJIy9ae 89pOfJIeHKH Ig HI OTHOCHTCH K BepxueA 4aCTH O6n8CTH
HeAOAep)KeK, a Ig H2 H Ig H3 - K cpeAHeA 4aCTH xapaKTepHCTH4eCKOA KpHBOA; B cnyvae n03HTHBIIOA KHHonlleliKH Ig H, OTHOCHTCA
K BepxHeA qaCTH 06JIaCTH HeAOAepKeK, a Ig H2 - K cpeAHeA HAH BepxHeA 9acTH npAMOJIHHeAHoro y4acTKa xapaKTepHCTHVecKoA
ICpHBOA.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
Ta6JIHUa 6
BeJININNbl 9HeprHH aKTHB8UHH I1 OABJIeHHA ByaJ1K (-f KKQA,.NOAb) N N306paw(eHHA
(el KKaA/.UOAb) 4)OTorpa4)H4ecKOA 9MyJIbCNH, noABepreyToA BTOpOMy
C03peBaHKIO pa3J1H4HOA npOAOJIwHTeJ1bHOCTH
OIlTH4ecKHe IJIOTIIOCTH D, 111)H KOTOI)NX
o111)ele 1eIiw BeAH4Hllb1 s
I. IlpodoAJvcumeAbHOCmb emopozo co3peeaKUx I Yac (,r = 0,4)
HI 0
//,=0,16 AK. ceK
H, = 0,625 .
H, = 1,25 .
Ilh 2,5 .
1/,-5,0 .
11. IlFodoA)cumeAbHOCmb emopozo co3peeaKum 2,5 Yaca (T = 1)
Hf=0
H, - 0,16 AK. ceK
1/b = 0,625
H,=1,25
H8 = 2,5
H, =5,0
111. UpodOAaecumeAbHOCmb emopozo coipeeaHux 6 '(acoe (t =- 2,4)
Hf=0
H, = 0,16 AK. ceK
H,= 0,625
11? 2,5
H?-5,0
IV. 1lpodoAJMCumeAbHOCmb emopozo co3peaaNUx 10 'tacos (t = 4,0)
//t=0
11. = 0 ,16 AK. ceK
H, = 0,625
If,= 1,25
H? = 2,5
H, = 5,0
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15 :CIA-RDP80T00246A063100080001-2
AH4HbIX 3epeH Tpe6yeTCH pa3AH4HaR 3HeprHR aKTHBauHH (pacnpe-
AeAeHHe 4HCAa 3epeH N no BeJH4HHaM e, 04eBHAHO, CAeAyeT He-
KOTOPOA BePORTHOCTHOA KpHBOA). B nepsylo o4epeAb, KOHe4HO,
npOHBJIHK)TCH Te 3epHa ByaAH, AAR HagaAa nPORBAeHHR KOTOpbIX
Tpe6yeTCH HaHMeHbWaH 3HeprHR E. HHAyKUHOHHbWA nepHOA npOHB-
AeHHR 9THX 3epeH O4eHb MaA. HO B MaAO H B HOPMaAbHO CO3peB-
WHX 9MynbCHHX KOAH4eCTBO TaKHX 3epeH BeCbMa He3Ha4HTeAbHO H
a pe3yAbTaTe npOHBAeHHH OHH MOT C03aaTb TOAbKO MaAyIO OIITH-
4ecKylo nAOTHOCTb (HanpHMep D=0,2). BcAeA 3a 3THM npoRBJIR-
IOTCR 3epHa, Tpe6ylouiHe HeCKOAbKO 6onbteA 3HeprHH aKTHBauHH
[PORBAeHHR H o6AaAaK)l[He, BCAeACTBHe 3Toro, 6onee AAHTeJIbHbIM
HHAYKUHOHHbIM nepHOAOM.
B pe3yAbTaTe npORBAeHHR 3epeH nepsblx AByX rpynn C03AaeTCR
HeCKOAbKO 66AbwaH OIITH4ecKaH nJIOTHOCTb, HanpHMep D=0,4.
1103AHee npOHBARIOTCH 3epHa, Tpe6yIOluHe eule 60AbWeA 3HeprHH
aKTHBauHH H T. A. KaK BHAHO H3 Ta6AHUb1 6, c yBeJlH4eHHeM npo-
AOAN(HTeJ1bHOCTH C03peBaHHR HaHMeHbWaR 3HeprHR e, (npH D = const,
HanpHMep npH D=0,2) He TOAbKO yMeHbWaeTCR, HO H OTHOCHTCR
KO BCe 60AbweMy KOAH4eCTBy 9MyJIbCHOHHbIX 3epeH, B pe3yJlbTaTe
4ero 9HeprHR of OCTaeTCR rIOCTOHHHOA BO Bce 6oAee WHPOKOM HH-
TepBaAe onTH4eCKHX nAOTHOCTeA DJ. B pe3yJlbTaTe AJIHTeJlbHOrO
CO3peBaHHH (HanpHMep npH T = 2,4) noAaBARIOUIee 60JIWHHCTBO He-
9KCIIOHHpOBaHHbIX 3epeH B 3MYJIbCHH Tpe6yeT OA.HHaKOBOA, OTHO-
cHTeJIbHO MaJOA 3HeprHH aKTHBauHH npORBAeHHR. npH o4eHb AAH-
TeAbHOM CO3peBaHHH (c = 4,0) Ha6AloAaeTCR 06paTHbIA XOA e,: C
yBeAH4eHHeM D yMeHbWaeTCR ej (o6 9TOM noApo6Hee CM. HH)Ke).
AHaAOrH4Hble OTHOWeHHR Mbl Ha6moAaeM npH npORBAeHHH OIITH-
4eCKHX nAOTHOCTeA H3o6paaceHHR (CM. Ta6AHuy 6). 3KCnOHHpoBa-
HHe, T. e. C03AaHHe 3apoAblLeA CKpbITOCO H3o6pa)xeHHR Ha 3epHaX,
nPHBOAHT K CHH)KeHHIO 3HeprHH aKTHBauHH npORBAeHHR. IIOHRTHO,
RTO, 4eM 60Abwe 3KCIH03HUHR (H), TeM McHbWe 3HeprHR aKTHBauHH
npORBAeHHR nPH AaHHOA OnTH4eCKOA nAOTHOCTH D. IZOCKOAbKy,
B cilygae MaAO C03peBWeA 3MyAbCHH 6OJIbWHHCTBO 3epeH o6AaAaeT
OTHOCHTeAbHO ManoA CBeT04yBCTBHTeJIbHOCTbIO, TO Aa)Ke npH 6oAb-
WOA 3KCHO3HUHH BeJIHgHHbl It, Ha4HHaR C HeKOTOPOA nAOTHOCTH D,
BO3paCTaIOT C yBeJIH4eHHeM HPOAOA)KHTeAbHOCTH np0HBAeHHB. B
CAy4aRx we xopoluo C03peBWHx 3MyJIbCHA (T = 1,0; 2,4; 4,0; CM.
Ta6AHuy 6) nPH HeKOTOPOA 3KCR03HIJHH npaKTH4eCKH see 3epHa
Tpe6yIOr OAHOA H TOA we He6oAbuiOA 3HeprHH aKTHBauHH npoa6-
AeHHR. B 3TOM CAy'ae CTaHOBHTCH CIIpaBeAAHBbIM BbIWeynOMRHyTOe
yTBep)KAeHHe ApHOAbA 15], 4TO BeAHgHHb1 I He 3aBHCRT OT HPOAOA-
)KHTeJIbHOCTH npORBAeHHR.
YBeAH4eHHe 3HeprHH aKTHBauHH npoHBAeHHR C yBeAH4eHHeM
IIPOAOA)KHTeJIbHOCTH npOHBAeHHH MO)KHO 6b1A0 661 O6bRCHHTb TaKM(e
HaKOnneHHeM 6poMHAa, o6pa3yloujerocR B npouecce npolBAeHHH,
OKOAO npORBAReMlAX 9MYJIbCHOHHbIX 3epeH, Tax KaK H3BeCTHO [171,
4TO 6pOMHA B 3MYAbCHH yBeAH4HBaeT 3HeprnK) aKTHBauHH npoRB-
AeHHR. Ho eABa AH 3T0 06bHCHeHHe COCTORTeAbHO, Tax KaK 6pOMHA
AOA)KeH HaKanJIHBaTbCH rAaBHbIM 06pa3oM npH 661CTpOM npORBAeHHH,
T. e. B 6oJIbueA CTeueHH npH IIPOHBAeHHH OUTH4eCKHX nAOTHOCTeA
H3O6pa)KeHHH, 4eM ByaAH. HO, Kaic noKa361BaeT 3KcnepHMeHTaJIbHb1A
MaTepHaA (CM. Ta6AHUb1 5 H 6), yBeAH4eHHe e c yBeAH4eHHeM t
IPOHCXOAHT B 60AbteA CTeueHH npH IIPORBAeHHH ByaAH, qeM H30-
6pa KeHHR. 6oAee Toro, npH 6blCTpOM upORBAeHHH CHAbHO C03peB-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
WHX 3MynbCH11, KorAa MOICHO O)KHAaTb OCO6eHHO 6OJIbIIIOrO HaKOn-
J1eHHH 6poMHAa B c ioe, BeAH4HHbI e c yBeJIH4eHHeM npOAOA)KH-
TeAbHOCTH npOABJIeHHH B page cny4aeB He Bo3paCTaloT, a yMeHb-
WalOTCg.
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C 3Kcn03HUHeg y106HO IIpocoeAHTI, TaKxce no MaTepHaiaM, npHBe-
AeHHbIM B Ta6JIHIle 7. 3TH MaTepHaAbi OTHOCHTCH K c0TorpaCpH4e-
CKON 9MYJIbCHH (HHOF3, 4eM B Ta6AHUe 6), no1LBeprHyTON pa3JIH4HOF1
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AHue 7 BeJIH9HHb1 t npeJlcTaBAHIOT co6ofi cpeAHHe HJIH HaHMeHb-
WHe BeAH'HHb1 H3 nOAy4eHHbIX npH pa3JIH4HblX npOAOJI)KHTeJIbHO-
CTHX npOABAeHHA.
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rpac4H4eCKHMH nOKa3aTeAHMH, Ha PHC. 3a H 36 npHBeAeHbl xapaKTe-
pHCTH4eCKHe KPHBbie COOTBeTCTBYIOHUHX 9MyJIbCHR. CAeAyeT 3aMe-
THTb, 4TO noAo6Hoe COIIOCTaBAeHHe MO)KeT 6bITb TOAbKO npH6JIH-
3HTeJIbHbIM, TaK KaK ()OpMa H nOAO)KeHHe xapaKTepHCTH4ecKo l KpH-
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BpeMeHH npOABAeHHH, a HBJIHIOTCH I1pOH3BOAHbIMH H3MeHeHHF OHTH-
4eCKOR IIAOTHOCTH CO BpeMeHeM npOHBAeHHH H TeMllepaTypOll. Ha
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eroporo C03peeaUHH
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a Ha pHC. 36-npH np0ABJ1eHHH (15?) AO nOCTOAHHOrO KosOOHUHeHTa
ICOHTpaCTH(,CTH (7 = 2,3).
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J1O HeKOTOporo HaHMeHbWero 3Ha4eHHH, BeAH'HHa KOTOpOTO 3aBH-
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ItHH Ha4HHaeTC51 C T011 9KCn03HUHH, KOTOpag COOTBeTCTHYeT IIpH6AH-
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no cpaBHeHHio C He9KCHOHHpOBaHHhIMH IIpOHCXOAHT TOrAa, KorAa
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4T0 IIPH TIpOHBAeHHH CHJIbHO C03peH-
Ta6AHUy 6 H T = 1,6 CM. Ta6AHIly 7)
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
3HeprHH aKTHBaIIHH npoHBAeHHH H3o6pa)KeHHH, HaqHHag C HeKOTO-
pOl 3KCrlO3HLkHH, OTHOCHu eAcB K BepxHeA 4aCTH XapaKTepHCTH4e-
CKOA KpHBOA, CHH)KaeTCH AO BeJ1H1HHbl el = 8-10 KKaA/.KOAb. B 9THX
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9HeprHH aKTHBaLJHH npoHBAeHHH KOTOPHX CHH)KeHa npaKTH4eCKH
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6yIO11(HX AAH IIpOHBAeHHH 3HeprHIO aKTHBaUHH 6oJlbwe HyAH. IIo-
9TOMy B 60AbII1HHCTBe cjlygaeB Aaxce HaHMeHbWHe BeJIH'HHbI e,,
Ha6moAaeMHe HaMH, 6OAhwe 3HeprHH a=6-10 KKa.4/.KOAb, OTHO-
cnmeACH K AH4)(Iy3HOHHHM npoljeccaM.
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O6pauuaeT Ha ce6H BHHMaHHe TO o6CTOHTeJIbCTBO, 4TO npH npo-
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ABAeHHH He HC4epnbIBaIOT 4paKTH4eCKH Ha6Alo4aeMHX OTHOweHHA.
B HaweA pa6oTe BCTpe'aJIHCb cny'aH, KorAa 3HeprHH aKTHBafHH
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HGCTH npoHBAeHHH He HO3PaCTaJla H He OCTaBaJIaCb nOCTOIIHHOA,
a B HeKOTOPOM HHTepBaAe BpeMeHH npOHBAeHHH yMeHbWaJIaCb (cM.
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BaHHIO B TeueHHe 10 4aCOB, Ta6AHIia 6).
?) AHaJH3 npH4HH 9TOrO ABAeHHJI AaeTCs B pa3Aeae 10.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
.Za .15 ?(O
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nOABeprHYTOR BTOPOMY C03peBaHM pa3AH4HOA npOAOJN(HTeAbHocTN_
a. IlposaaeHHe 10 OOCTOMMNOR nAOTHOCTH syaiN (D, - 0.15).
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
BonpOC, KaKHM o6pa3OM ocylueCTBJIHeTCH H36HpaTeJlbHb1H Xa-
paKTep IIpOflBJIeHHH H TeX CJIy4aflx, Koraa 3HeprHH aKTHBauHH npo-
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TaK KaK KOJIH4eCTBO KaTa.1H3aTOpa (cepe6pa) Ha 3epHe B npouecce
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weHHH e C yBeJ1H4eHHeM npOAOJI)KHTe.16HOCTH npOHBJIeHHH B Tex
CJIy4aHx, Koria npO.10JINCHTeJIbHOCTb npOHBJIeHHH CJIOH H OTAeJIb-
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HHTHO, MO)KeT HMeTb McCTO B cAy'ae CHJIbHO C03peBWHX 9MYJIbCHf%
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BauHH npOHBJIeHHH ByaJIH (ef) C yBeJIH4eHHeM npOAOJ1)KHTeJIbHOCTH
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HeHHe CKOpOCTH AH4)(4y3HOHHb1X npoueCCOB B npOHBAHeMOM CAoe
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IIpH 3TOM, OAHaKO, HaAO HMeTb B BHAY cueAyioiuHe O6CTOHTeJIbCTBa.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
fl pew ae BcerO Heo6XOANMo OTMeTHTI, 4TO B Tex c.1y4aRX,
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IIpOHB.leHHH C \'Be:iii4ellHCM 3KCn03Nl1HH, Kati I1paHn.io, yMellb111aCTCH.
Kpo\te roro, B 60.1bInNHCTBe c.7y iaeB ona H3MeliHeTCn C yRt':IN4e
HNei IIpo, o.i KNTeAbHOCTH I1pOHBJICHNH. I-I03TO\1}' HeO6X0;1N\l0 yT04-
III1 I b. IIpH KaKIIX 3KCH03H11NHX It IIpi KaKnx IIp0.10:I)KHTeJIbHOCTRX
itp(oHH.1e11NR C.'!C.1yeT ollpeJLe.1HTb HeJIN411Hb1 e. I1OCKOJII,Ky C }'Be-
J1N4eHHeM - KCII03N11NH Be.7H4HHa =, CHN:KaeTCH A0 HCKOTOpOFO Ilpe-
,.,e.1a, y1O6110 IIpH11HMaTh BO BHHMa1IHe HMCHl1O 3T0 HaHMeHIIllee
31a'Iellife Si* TaK KaK IIarIMenblllee 311ateHiie :, 4a111e BCCI'O JI('+i1T
B llaga.le o6.'IaCTn IIepeaep)KeK, E, ue.lecoo6pa31i0 ollpele:lHTh llpii
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
3KCIIO3HU.HH, COOTBeTCTByIOIUef BepXHefl 4aCTH HpHMOAHHelHOro
y4aCTKa XapaKTepHCTH4eCKOH KpHBOH.L4TO KacaeTCH npOAOA)KHTeAb-
HOCTH npOHBAeHHH, TO B Tex CAy4aHX, KorAa 3HeprHH aKTHBauHH
OCTaeTCH nOCTOHHHOf1 B HeKOTOPOM HHTepBane O11TH4eCKHX nJIOT-
HOCTeA, yJJo6HO HMeHHO 3Ty BeAH4HHy E npHHHMaTb BO BHHMaHHe.
B ApyrHX CAy4asX HeO6XOAHMO OIOBapHBaTb, K KBKO11 OHTH9eCKOA
nJ1OTHOCTH OTHOCHTCH BeJIH4HHa e.
10. 3asiCNMOCTb 9HeprHH &KTHBaUHH npOABJIeHHA OT CTeneHH
CO3pesaNMA K COCTaBa 4)0T0rpa4)HgeCK0A 9MyabCHH
Ilocne TOro, KaK Mbl paccMOTpeJIH McTOAH4eCKHe Bonpocbl onpe-
AeJ1eHHH 3HeprHH aKTHBauHH np0HBJ1eHHH 4OTOrpa4)H4eCKHX CJIoeB,
HeO6XOAHMO npOCAeAHTb 3aBHCHMOCTb 3HeprHH aKTHBauHH OT pa3-
AH'IHbIX I )aKTOpOB, OTHOCHIUHXCH KaK K HPOHBJIHeMOMy 4)OTorpa4)H-
4eCKOMy CAOK), TaK H K npOHBHTeJIIO. O6paTHMCH npe)KAe Bcero
K 3aBHCHMOCTH 3HeprHH aKTHBaIHH I1pOHBJIeHHH OT CTeneHH XHMH-
4eCKOrO CO3peBaHHH 4)OTOrpa4H4eCKOt 3MyJIbCHH 115, 161. OCHOB-
Hb1e pe3yJ1bT8Tbl HCCAeAOBaIIHH 3TOR 3aBHCHMOCTH BOCnpOH3BeAeHbl
B Ta6.7Hue 8.
Ta6AHUa 8
3aBHCHMOCTb 9HeprIH AKTNBBUNN npossaeuNA (E KKaAIMOAb)
OT CTeneHN CO3pesAHNA $OTorpa$N9eCK0A 9MyabCNH
npOAOJ1)KH-
TeabHOCTb
BToporo
C03peaaHHR
15 MHHyT
I vac
2,5 vaca
4 vaca
6 vacoe
8 vacoe
10 Rams
Ej I Ej I Off
t f I aI I as
e f I EI I At
eI I EI I DE
6
11
3
2
4
-4
MaTepHaAn, OTHOCHu(Heca K paCCMaTPHBaeMOMy BOnpOCy, lMe-
IOTCA TaKMCe B Ta6AHuax 6 H 7. B Ta6ANUaX 9 H 10 npNBeAeHbl
AOnOAHHTeAbHbie MBTepHaJIbl, OTHOCHI11HeCH K 3aBHCHMOCTH 3HeprHH
aKTNBauHH IIpOABJ1eHHH OT CTeneHH CO3peBaHHH 9MyJIbCHH. AHaAH3
Bcex nplaeAeHHbIX MaTepHa noB (Ta6AHu61 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) H03BOAHeT
npHA.TH K CAeAyIOU HM BbIBOAaM.
B npouecce BTOpor0 C03peBaHHH 4)OTorpa4)H4eCKOA 9MyJIbCHH
H3MeHHK)TCH Be.IHgHHb1 9HeprHH aKTHBauHH npoHBJIeHHH KaK H30-
6pa.,ceHHH, TaK H ByaJIH.
3HeprHH aKTHBauHH npOHBAeHHH ByaJH (a,) c yseJlH4eHHem npo-
AOA)KHTeAbHOCTH C03peBaHHH yMeHbwaeTCH. BHagaJie (npH MaAbiX
npOAOJI)KHTeJIbHOCTHX C03peBaHHH) 9TO yMeHbUeHHe nPOHCXOAHT
ANWb B MaJIOA CTeneHH (TaK, HanpHMep, K8K BHAHO H3 Ta6AHubI 9,
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
Ta6JIHUa 9
3aBNCNMOCTb 9HeprNN aKTHBagNN npOI1BJ1eHNN (t KKaA/.UOAb), OTHeCeHHO$ K pasaKliNb1M OIITH4eCKNM nAOTHOCTIIM,
OT CTeneHN CO3peBaHNA ?OTorpa4N4ecuoA 9MyabCNN (9MyabcNa k 60)
OnTHyecKHe nAOTHOCTH, npH KOTOpdz onpeAeaeHd BeAH9HHd t
tll
0,2 :4_J:1"? 1,1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,2 2.4 2,6
5 H.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1 yac
32
35
36
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2,5 yaca
26
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4 yaca
17
18
18
18
18
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
15 MHH.
27
30 .
31
31
31
31
31
-
-
-
-
-
-
ti
1 vac
-
12
16
17
20
23
26
27
-
-
-
-
-
(19 Hs = - 0,5)
2,5 yaca
-
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
14
14
15
15
4 qaca
12
12
12
12
11
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
15 MHH.
-
14 16
16
17
16
18
29
21
22
23
24
24
tI
1 vac
-
- -
-
-
-
-
-
12
14
16
18
21
(18 H9 = 0,7)
2,5 yaca
-
- -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4 yaca
-
- 9
10
10
9
9
10
9
9
8
8
8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
3ISMCMMOCT! 9MOpf KN *KTNS&HMN MpoaSJeHMN (s KKQA[.1 OA1), OTHCCeHHOA K pa3JM'MMM OMTM9eCKNM IIJOTMOCTNM,
OT CTl.lNM C03peBauNN IOTorpa*M1ecKOA 9MyA16CHN (9MyJbCNN )G 82)
at
(18 H5=-0.5)
Si
(1S H9 = 0.7)
t
ll
(vac)
35
2,5
30
31
4
24
25
6
18
19
8
17
16
10
17
16
2,5
4
6
8
10
2,5
4
6
8
10
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
IIPH 15 MHHYTBX H I ace CO3peBaHHH BeJIH4HHb1 of TOOTH He pa3-
AH4aK)TCA). Ilocne AOCTH)KeHHH MaKCHMyMa CBeTO4yBCTBHTeJ1bHOCTH
(B HaLUHX OnblTaX OH 6bIJ1 AOCTHrHYT IIPH 2,5-3-x 4acax c03peBa-
HHH) CKOPOCTb yMeHbWeHHA BeJIH4HH of C yBeJIH4eHHeM npoAOJI)KH-
TeJIbHOCTH CO3peBaHHH yBeJIHgHBaeTCH. [IpH 3TOM, OAHaKO (4TO 04eHb
cyLueCTBeHHO), HH B OAHOM H3 MHor04HCAeHHbIX OIIb1TOB He Ha6nlo-
AaAocb CHH)KeHHH 3HeprHH of AO BeJIHqHH nopwAKa 6-8 KKaA,'.Mo.4b.
,UpyrHMH CJIOBaMH, HH B OAHOM CAy'ae CKOPOCTb IPOHBAeHHA ByaAH
He. 6biAa JIHMHTHPOBaHa TOAbKO AHI [ y3HOHHb1MH npoueccaMH; BO
Bcex cAy4aix nPH npOHBJ1eHHH ByaJIH peaKUHH AOA?KHa 6MJIa npe-
OAoAeBaTb 3HepreTH4eCKH0 6apbep. TOAbKO (IpH 3THX yCJIOBHHX,
KaK cneAyeT H3 Hamel KOHUenuHH, B03MONCHO H36HpaTeAbHoe npo-
ABAeHHe 4OTorpa4)H4eCKoro CAOA.
9HeprHH aKTHBauHH HPOABneHHH H306pa)CeHHB (el) TaKNCe yMeHb-
ulaeTCH C yBeAH4eHHeM npOAOJI)KHTeJIbHOCTH CO3peBaHHH. npH 3TOM
BeAH4HHbI er, OTHOCHUl,HeCA K BepXHeA 4aCTH XapaKTepHCTH4ecKOA
KpHBOA,nPH HeKOTOPOA nPOAOA)KHTenbHOCTH C03peBaHHH,HeCKOAbKO
npeBblulalomeA T (B HaIUHX onbITax I1PH 4-x 4acax C03peBaHHH), CHH-
)KaIOTCH AO BeAH'HH, KOTOPbJe aOA%Hbl 6bITb OTHeceHbl K TeMne-
paTYPHbIM 3aBHCHMOCTHM AH4)4)y3HOHHbIX npoueccoB. UpyrHMH cAO-
BaMH, y'aCTKH 4)OTorpa( H4eCKoro CAOl (H3rOTOBAeHHoro H3 XO-
POUlo C03peBLnel 3MyJIbCHH), nOAy4HBI11He 60AbIUyiO 9KCII03HUHIO,
B HeKOTOPbIX cny'aAx HPOHBAHK)TCA nPH HyneBOA 3HeprHH aKTHBa-
uHH peaKUHH BOCCTaHOBJIeHHA cepe6pa.
O6paulaeT BHHMaHHe Ha ce6H TO o6CTOATenbcTBO, 4TO 3Hep-
rHH aKTHBauHH el, Ha4HHaH C HeKOTOpol npO11OANCHTenbHOCTH CO-
3peBaHHH, OT4eTJIHBO B03paCTaeT (B HaWHX onblTax nocne 4-x 4acOB
C03peBaHHA; 4aKT npOXON(AeHHB KpHBOA a,-tll 4epe3 MHHHMyM 6blJI
OTMe'eH paHee B pa60Te [6]). YKa3aHHoe yBeJ1H4eHHe el HBJHeTCH
nPH3HaKOM TOGO, 4TO 3MYAbCHOHHb1e 3epHa nPH AJIHTeJIbHOM Bpe-
McHH CO3peBaHHH nOABepraloTCH AeceHCH6HAH3aUHH. 9Ta AeceHCH-
6HAH3"aUHA HBAAeTCA OAHOA H3 HPH'HH naAeHHH cseTO4yBCTBHTenb-
HOCTH nPH AAHTenbHOM C03peBaHHH. FlpaBAa, OCHOBHOA 4)aKTOP
CHH)KeHHA CBeTO4YBCTBHTenbHOCTH nPH AAHTeJIbHOM CO3peBaHHH-
pOCT ByaJ1H (BeJIH'HHa CBeTO4yBCTBHTeJIbHOCTH npH JIIO60M pa3yM-
HOM cnoco6e Bblpa)KeHHH CBH3aHa c Pa3HOCTbIO onTH4ecKHX nAOT-
HOCTe 1 H306pa)KeHHH H ByaJIH). OAHaKO MO)KHO AOKa3aTb, 4TO POCT
ByaAH-He eAHHCTBeHHbLA 4iaKTOp, nPHBOAHUUHA K CHH)KeHHIO CBeTO-
4yBCTBHTenbHOCTH nPH AAHTeAbHOM C03peBaHHH 3MynbCHH.
OIITN4eckue IIJIOTHOCTH ceHCHTorpaMM 9MyJIbCNH, noAaeprHyTOA pa3JIH'HOA
4H6HCOaa; OHTN4eciHe IIA9THOCTH A1Hb1
t11 I
Byanbl
Ig H,= --1,T 1
Ig H2=-1,4 I
Ig H3=--1,1
I Ig H4=-0,8
14ac
0
0
0
0,02
0,06
2,5 4aca
0
0.02
0,09
0,26
0,58
4 4aca
0,02
0,03
0,09
0,28
0,48
6 4acoB
0,16
0,16
0,18
0,33
0,48
8 4acoa
0,23
0,23
0,24
0,30
0,36
10 4acoa
0,32
0,32
0,32
0.32
0,40
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
ECAH 6b1 naAeHHe CBeTOgyBCTBHTeJIbHOCTH npH AAHTeJIbHOM CO-
3peBaHHH 6b1JIO o6ycJIOBJleHO TOAbKO POCTOM ByaJ1H, OnTHgeCKHe
nAOTHOCTH H3o6pa)KeHHH, OTHOCsIIuHecq K BePXHe l gaCTH XapaKTe-
PHCTHgeCKHX KpHBbIX, JIH60 BO3paCTaJIH (BCe 6onee McAneHHO C
yseAH4eHHeM npOAOA)KHTeJ1hHOCTH C03peBaHHH), AH6O OCTaBaJIHCb
6e3 N3MeHeHHA. B AeACTBHTeAbHOCTH, OAHaKO, OHH npOXOAAT gepe3
MaKCNMyM (CM. Ta6AHuy 11 H pHC. 4). B Ta6AHue 11 npeACTaBJleubl
OnTH4eCKHe nAOTHOCTH npH OAHOM H TOM )Ke BpeMeHH npomBAeHHA
CeHCNTOrpaM M 3MyJIbCHH, IIOABeprHyTOA pa3AHgHOA CTeneHH BTO-
poro CO3peBaHHA.
A8HHb1e 9TOA Ta6AHUbJ rOBOPAT 0 TOM, qTO C yBeJ1HgeHHeM
npOAOAIKHTeJIbHOCTH C03peBBHHA OIITHgeCKHe HJIOTHOCTH ByBAH He-
l 1 3 1 S 6 7 J ! A7
tfw
PHC. 4. 3aancHMOCTb OnTNgeCKNK naOTHOCTe11 (D)
np i pa3AH'HbIK KOANgeCTBax OCBeIReHMa (H) OT
nPOAOA"TeAbHOCTN BTOporo CO3peBaINa (111)
npN nOCTONRHOII np0A0AANTeIbH0CTN npOBBAe-
HH^ (2 MHH., 15?C).
060.0ereNr? Kp..Mx:
I. I,M - 0.7; !. IgH - 0,1; 3. IgH - - 0,6
Ta6AHUa 11
CTeNCHN lwenamm (npolaueNNe 2 ^NNyTM RPM BS?C N NpANNNTeae
Na NY7eTM N.OTNOCTN NOA/ON*NN)
IBH,,=-0,5 I
IQH,= 0,2 I
IgH,=+0.1 I
IgHe=+0,4
IgH,=+0,7
0.11
0,22
0.46
0,68
0,86
?,90
1,18
1.45
1,66
1,90
0.73
1,02
1.36
1.64
1,88
0,73
1,02
1,36
1,64
1,86
0,54
0,78
1,00
1,30
1.54
0,53
0,67
0,87
1,09
1.34
w
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
npepUUBHO paCTyT, a OI1THgecKHe nJIOTHOCTH D, nOJIef, C8060AHbIX
OT ByaJIH, BHagaJle B03paCTaIOT, a 3aTeM naAaIOT. 3TH OTHOWeHHH
npeACTaBJIeHbI TaK ice Ha PHC. 4. CnaAyeT 3aMeTHTb TaK)Ke, 4TO npH
60Jibulef npOAOJI)KHTeJIbHOCTH H 6onblueA TeMnepaType nPO11BJ1eHHH
BO3paCTaHHe OnTH4eCKHX nJIOTHOCTef ByaJIH c npOAOJnKHTeJIbHOCTbIO
C03peBaHHl YCHJIHBaeTCt1, a H3MeHeHHe D, CTaHOBHTCH McHee OT-
geTJIHBblM, nOCKOJIbKy, o4eBHAHO, nJIOTHOCTH Di npH6JIH)KaIOTC5I
K paBHOBeCHblM COCTOHHHHM.
KaK y)Ke OTMegaJloCb Bb1We (pa3AeJI 8), JIIo6aH ( oTorpal)H4e-
CKaH 3MyJ1bCHA npeACTaBJineT C060A Ha6op 3MyJIbCHOHHbIX 3epeH,
pa3JIH4aIou. nxCH no BeJIHgHHaM 9HeprHH aKTHBaIIHH npOABJIeHHH (e),
T. e. HMeeT McCTO HeKOTOpoe pacnpeAeJleHHe 3MyJIbCHOHHb1X 3epeH
HO BeJIH'HHaM a. B CBH3H C 9THI C yBeJIH4eHHeM npOAOJ1)KHTeJIb-
HOCTH npOHBJ1eHH11 yBeJIHVHBaeTCII H 3HeprHH a, nOCKOJIbKy B nep-
Byio o epeAb I1pOABJ1S(IOTCB 3epHa, Tpe6ylougHe McHbueA 9HeprHH
aKTHBaUHH. npH BTOPOM CO3peBaHHH, B pe3yJlbTaTe XHMH4eCKHX
nPOueCCOB Ha nOBepXHOCTH 9MyJIbCHOHHbIX 3epeH noc.1eAHHe CTa-
HOBIITCB 60Jiee JIa6HJIbHNMH, 9HeprHH aKTHBauHH npOHBJIeHHH yMeHb-
WaeTCfl. Ho 3TO yMeHbUeHHe AJIH pa3HbIX 3MyJ1bCHOHHbIX 3epeH
npOHCXOAHT B pa3HOA CTeneHH. ,4pyrHMH CJIOBaMH, pacnpeAeneHHe
3MyJ1bCHOHHWX 3epeH no BeJIH4HHaM a H3MeHHeTCH. no Mepa yse-
JiH4eHHH npOAOJI)KHTeJIbHOCTH C03peBaHHB, KaK BHAHO H3 T36JIHu 6,
9 H 10, 3HeprHH a OCTaeTC.9 nOCTOHHHOA BO Bce 6onee WHPOKOM
PHC. 5. CxeMa H3MeneIIHH pacnpeiteaeHHH 4HCAa
(N) 9MyAbCHOHIIbIX 3epeH no Be)IHVHHaM 9HeprHH
aKTHBa11HH (a) B 33BHCHMOCTH OT npO1gOA)KHTeAb-
HOCTH BTOpOr0 C03peBaHHH.
O 6 O 3 N a 4 e H M e K P M i b X:
I - MASS NPOAOANtuTeAbHOCT- CO3peaiHMa.
2 -- AANTeAbHOe C03pealIN:
HHTepBa.le OIITH4eCKHX nJ1OTHOCTe 1. Ha OCHOBaHHH 9THX AaHHbIX
MO)KHO npeACTaBHTb CXeMy H3MelieHHR pacnpeAeJleHHS 4HCJ1a (N)
3epeH no BeJIH4HHa. 3Hepl'HH aKTHBa11HH e B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT IIPO-
AOJI%HTeJIbHOCTH C03peBaHHH (pHc. 5): C yBeJIH4eHHeM BpeMeHH CO-
3peBaHHH KpHSbie N- a CTaHOBATCH 6oilee pa3MbITbIMH, npH4eM
MaKCHMyM H BCSI KPHBas CMeluaIOTCH B CTOPOHy McHbWHX BeJIHgHH S.
YKa3aHHWA XOA H3MeHeHHA KPHBbIX N- S HMeeT McCTO AO Toro
MOMeHTa C03peBaHHH, KorAa BCJIH'HH61 S Ha4HHaIOT BHOBb B03pa-
CTaTb, T. e. ,L0 MOMenTa HagaJ1a AeceHCH6HJIH3aLHH 3MyJIbCHOHHbX
3epeH B npouecce C03peBaHHs.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
Ha6AauaeIbM OTHOweHH9M MOMCHO ABTb cneAytoutee 06%ACHe-
HNe. B npouecce XNMHyecKoro C03peBaINa 9MyAbCHN npOMCXQANT
o6pa3o84HHe m POCT uewTpoe caeTO9yBCTBNTeAbHOCTM. Letup CBe-
TOgy.CTBHTeAbHOCTN, Ha4Ntfa9 C HeKOTOpOrO KpHTHgeCKOCO 000TOa-
Han, npespawaeTCI B UeHTp npOABneHNI (ueNTp ByaJINpoBaMMR).
JLpyrHMN CAOBBMH, c MOMeHTa AOCTN)KeHHB KpHTII eCICOrO 000T09-
Hun UeHTp Cn0006eH 8 TaKOA CTeneHN CHN)KBTb 9Heprilo aKTHBaUHN
BOCCTaHOBAeHNH cepe6pa, 'ITO 9MyJIbCNOHHoe 3epHO CTBHOBHTCH
AerKO nP onsaneMMM.
Hau6oAee NHTeKCHBHO (T. e. C Han6oAbweA CKOpOCTbk , onpeAe-
ABeMoA 'HCAOM npeBpatuaewwx UeHTPOB sa eAHHHUy BpeMeHH) npe-
BpauteHNe ueHTp08 CBeTogyBCTBHTenbHOCTH B UCHTPM npoMBaeHNs
npoHCXOAHT noCAe TOM MOMeHTI C03peBBHNa, KorAa AOCTHraeTCN
MBKCNMyM CBeTOgyBCTBNTeAbHOCTN. PasyMeeTCH, c McNbtueR CKO-
poCTbK OHO npOHCXOAHT B 9MyAbCHAX McHbweA CTeneHN co3pe-
BaMNa. nOHATHO nO9TOMy, no4eMy 9HeprHH aKTHBaUHH npOBBAeHHB
^yanu CHH7taeTC9 oco6eHHO 6MCTpo npHMepHO C MOMeHTa AOCTH-
YeNNI MaKCHMyMa CBeTOgyBCTBHTenbHOCTH. B McCTe C TeM RCHO,
VTO npiuepHO C 9Toro MOMeHTa npeKpa1ttaeTC9 CHH)KeHHe 9HeprHH
aKTHBaUHH npoHBAeHNH H3o6pabceHH9. CAeAyeT HMeTb B BHAy nPH
.9TOM, TO B npouecce CO3peBaHHM He TOAbKO paCTyT HMeIOn1NeCH
IteHTpbi, HO N o6pa3yIOTC9 HOBMe. O6pa3OBaHHe HOBMX uexrpoB,
no-BHAHMOMy, npOHCXOAHT HBH60Aee HHTeHCHBHO TorAa, KorAa 3Ha-
RHTeAbHaa gaCTb noBepXHOCTH (a He OTAeJIbHMe McCTa) 9MyAbCHOH-
HMX 3! eH CTaHOBHTCH na6HAbHOA, T. e. B n03AHHX CTBAHNX co3pe-
uHNa (npM i > 1). 11OH9THO, 'TO HHTeHCHBHMA pOCT gHCAB ueHTpOB
nPH OTHOCHTenbHO McAJIeHHOM yBeAHgeHHH HX pa3Mepoa AOAxceH
nPHBOAHTb K AeceNCH6HAH3aIJHH 3epeH, TBK KaK 6oAbwoe 'HCAO
0THOCHTeAbHO McAKHX sneKTpOHHMX AOByWeK Ha 3epHe CO3AaeT
6oAee MAN McHee paBHOMepxylo KOHKypeHL(NE 3a o6naAaHHe 4OTO-
BAeKTpOHOM.
nOMNMO CTeneHN co3pesaHNa, 9HeprHa aKTHBauWH npoMBneHHB
sasnCHT TaKxce OT COCTasa 4oTorpa4N4eCKOA 9MynbcHH. B paHee
ODy6ANKOBaHHMX pa6orax 115, 161 6MAa NccAeAosaxa 3aBHCHMOCTb
sueprux aKTMBaUHH npOIBAeHHN OT COMBS KpHCTaAANgeCKOA 4asu
4)OTorpa4)NgecxoA 9MyAbCHN. BMAO HaAAeuo, 'TO yseJNgeHHe co-
Aep*aHHN AOAHAa B 6pouocepe6plHoA 9MyAbCHN yBeJul'MBaeT
9HeprHK) aKTHBauHH npoHBAeHN9, 'TO COrnaCyeTC9.C pe3yAbTaTaMH
CyraM H ~ypyH'H 1291? YBeANgeHNe COAepZ$HHJ XAOPHAa B 9MyJIb-
CHN, HanPOTHB, npHBOAHT K CHH*eHNK) 9HeprHH aKTHBauHN npO-
aBAeHNM *).
11. BAMINNe npoTxBOMyaiMpyKKWNX N CTa6MAMaxpyuowaX
seuteCTB Ha . eprae aKTNBaUNN HposuenHI
B (VOTorpa4N4ecKux 9MyAbCHHX BcerAa NMeeTCH HeKOTOpoe KO-
ANgeCTBO CBO OAHMX HOHOB 6poMa. npolBHTenb TaKze, KaK npa-
BNAO, COAep)KHT HeKOTOpoe KOANgeCTBO C1306OANoro 6pOMHAa? 14OHM
6poMa B 9MynbCHH N B npoJBNTene npenaTCTBygT 6MCrpoMy PO-
cry ByaJIH B npouecce npoMBAeHHa, T. e. OKa3MBaIoT npoTHBOBya-
AHpyautee AeAcTBNe.
?) O61HCHeHHe yK@3aHHdI 311HCX)OCTea Aaerca a paxee ony6aRrOBa66M!
pa6orsz 115, 16].
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246A063100080001-2
? ~ OAHaico, HecuOrpa Ha yKa3aHHoe npOTHBOByaAHpyx u ee AeACT-
mMe, ~ a. coBpeuenHOA $ororpa4,ugecKoa TexHOAorin- ?Ha6A10Aaei cB
TeHAeNUNH K CHH)Kenn KoRtteHTpauHH HOHOB 6pOMa-B SMYAbCHH
(yaeANgeHHe pBr). 3TO o6ycaosneHO TeM, 'To yseAHgeHNe pBr
oxyaicai 6AarouprnTHo cxa3MBaeTCa s ciicne npeAOxpaHeHNg
*OTorpad)BgecKHx cAoea OT Tag Ha3MBaeMoro aHOMBAbHoroo CTa-
peHHS [30, 31, 321, yMeHbmaeT OTKAOHeHHN ()OTorpad)HgeCKHx cxoeB
OT BSaWMO3aMeCTHMOCTN 321, npenlTCTByeT perpeccnH cgpdToro
Np6pameHNN [341, cnOCO CTByeT B page cJlygaes onTNgecxo# ceH-
cH6HANSaIpIH N- AP. AAN npeAOxpaHeHHH ale OT ByaAHposaHHN B
$OTorpa4)HgecicIe 9MyAbCNN BBOAUT TSK Ha3MBaetIe CTa6HAH3a-
TOpM. XopowuM cTa6NAN3aTOpoM IBASeTCS 5-McTNA-7-ogcH-2,3,4-
TpHa3aHHAOAH1tHN (CTa-COAb).
H3BeCTHO, qTO CTa6HAH3aTOpM TaKxKe OKBSblBaIOT npOTHBOByanH-
pyixu ee Ae*cTBNe, NpensTCTBya o6pa3oBaNNKI syaAN npH xpaHeHHH
4)oTorpa4HgecKNx cnoe^ N - npH BMCTaNBaHHN 4OTorpa(bHgecKHx
9MyJIbCIllt npH RMCOKOA TeMneparype (B gacTHOCTH nepeA nOANBOM
Ha'nOAAo*Ky). 11o csoeuy AeACTSNIO. OAHago, OIITHMaAbHMe cra6H-
1IH3aropw (nanpinep cTa-coAb) ornNgaKITcz OT TNnHgHMx npOTHBO.
ByaAHpyxxgHx BeuteCTB (Nanpx,ep 6ensoTpHasoaa). BBeAeHHe TH-
nH'HOro npOTHBOByaANpyKu erO sen(ec1Ba B BMyAbCHIO UPHBOAHT
K CHNxKeHH1O CBeTOgyBCTBHTeAbHOCTN N AenpeccHH onTHgecgbfl ceH-
CH6HAH3al[HH, B TO spews KaK CTa6HANSaTOp n04TH He OKa3MBaeT
ACACTSHg Ha coeTOgyBCTBNTeJIbHOCTb N OnTH9ecKyE ceHCH6HAN3a-
wim. [1pi BseAeHHN B IIpONBHTeJIb npOTMBOSyaAHpyiou(ee BelgeCTBO
a saagHTenbHOA CTeneHH yBeAH'HBaeT ceAeKTNSHOCTb npONBAeHHB,
a CTa6NAN3aTop (cra-COAb) no4TH He OKaabIBaeT BANNHHN Ha. H36H-
pareabHMA xapagtep npoaBJIeHHX [35.
B paHee ony6AHKOSaHHOA pa6ore 1171 6MAo noKa3aHO, qro Bse-
ACHHe 6poMHAa KaAHH HAH 6eH30Tpma3ona s 4)oTorpa,N4ecKylo
SMyAbCHIO HAN B npONBHTeJIb IIPHBOAHT K yoeAHqeHH10 9HeprHH
IKTNBaUHH npoasaeHNH. ITpH STOM B 6oJlbmea CTeneHH yBeAHgH-
BaeTCa 9Heprui aKTNBaU(HH npOBBAeHHH ByaAH (s,), qeM SHeprHa
aKTHBaUHH npollaeHHa Hso6paxKeHHa (se), B pesyAbraTe gero pa3-
ROM os - s/-si sospaCTaeT. BospacTaHNe b npHBOAHT K yBenH4e-
NNKx ceneKTNBHOCTN npONBAeHHs. B Ta6ANQe 12 AaHM pe3yJbTaTM,
B3NTMe Na yKaSaHNo* CTaTbu [171 H HAAacTpxpyiouxHe BwiuenpHBe-
AeHHMe BMBOAM. BeAHUHHM U BM4NCAeHM no $opwyJle;
t(D =0,3)
U=100? t (Dj s 1,5) B yKa3aHHoe pa6ore [171, OAHaKO, me 6MAa HccaeAOBaHa 3aBH-
CNMOCTb 9Heprei aKTHBagHH upoNBAeHHB OT COAepzKaHNa CTa6HAH-
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TaTM O1MTOB no NCCAeAOBaHNIO STOR 3aBHCHMOCTH.
? Bpowocepe6panas 4)OTorpad)HgecKaa 3MyJIbcux (c 2 MOA. % AgJ)
80 BTOpOM C03peBIHHH 6biAa pa3AeAeHa Ha Ase gaCTH. B OANy H3 HHX
B MOMeHT, HenocpeACTBeHHO npeAmeCTByK)II(Hf AOCTHxKeHHIO MaKCH-
MyMa CBeTo4yBCTBHTeJIbHOCTH (2,5 gaca) 6MA BBeAeH CTa6HAH3aTOp
(CTa-COAb) H3 pacueTa 1 - 1O-5 MOAN Ha I a xKeaaTHHM, nocAe qero 6MAo
npOAOA)IIeHO coapeBaHHe o6eHX gaCTee 9MyAbCHH. I10AHB 9MyAbCHH
Ha nAaCTHHKH UPOBOAHAC$ B MOMeHTM BTOpOrO C03peBaHHX - 2,5
H 4 qaca. AAa npONBAeHHH IICIIOAb3osaJH npoNBHTeJIb 4N6NCOBa.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
Ta6iwua 12
BaNMNNO 6pOMNaa Kawui N 6eH30TpMa30aa Ha Me1MgNnu .MeprIN aKTNSaWIN
NPNYIMN! (s) N CTONeNN N36MpaTeabHOroo AewcTaaf MpOSSHTeAN (U)
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c deusoTpNasoaoM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
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35
17
18
600
Aa6opatopaa^ $MyabcNI r! 106; pBr=2,9 . . .
29
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Ta6aHga 13
BAMBOO INea*HNI CTa-COIN M Torpa*MRecNyIO .My.a cna Na NeIN'NNY
?NeprNM aITNSag1N N CeaexrNSNocTN npossaeuus
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JIiIX, npaKTNMeCKH IIPHMeHHeMbiX KOAH9eCTBaX He ppHBeJO K?_N3Me-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
HeHHK) CeAeKTHBHOCTH H 9HeprHH aKTHBaUHH IIpOHBAeHH9.IflpaBAa,
paHee 6bMAO OTMeMeHO [161 He60Jlbwoe yBeJlHgeHHe of npH BBeAeHHH
CTa6HAH3aTOpa B 9MynbCHIO, HO nOBTOPHMe Or1MTM He nOATBepAHAH
9TOT pe3yAbTaT. QeACTsue MBAMX KOAH4eCTB CTa6HAH3aTOpa B
9MYAbCHH 3aKAI048eTCN He B TOM, 4TO OHH H3MCHIIIOT 9HeprHio aKTH-
BagHH npONBneHNN, a B TOM, 4TO OHH pe3KO TOPM039T CO3peB8HHe
9MyJIbCHII. KaK BHHHO H3 Ta6JIHUd 13, npH AAHTeabHOM CO3peBaUHH
(4 qaca) 9MYAbCNH 6e3 CTa6HAN3aTOpa Ha6AIOAaeTCN CHHzeHHe 9Hep?
rHH BKTHBauuHH npONBACHHN ByBAH (sf) H yBeJH4eHHe 9HepCHH aKTH-
Bagmi npoaBAeHHN H306paxKeHH9 (se), s pe3yAbTaTe 4ero cyu eCT-
BeHHO yueHbWaIOTCH BeAH'HHM CeJIeKTHBHOCTH npO1BAeHHN (U).
OAHBKO 9MyAbCHX, CoAepwauxaa CTa6HAH3aTOp, npH AJIHTeJIbHOM
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B8UHH npoaBAeHHN ByBAH H H306pa:evxa, a TaKIKe BeJHgHHM Ce-
AeKTHBHOCTH OCTBIOTCH TBKHMH we, K8K K npH 2,5 48CaX CO3peB8HH9.
lpH HCCAeAOBaHHH Ae 1CTBHH CTa-COAH, BBCAeHHOA B npoaBHTeJIb,
6MA HCnOAb3OBaH npo9BHTeAb 4H6HCOBa. B OAHOM CAy4ae OH 6i1A
HCnOAb3OBaH 6e3 COAepzaHH9 B HeM 6pOMHAa K8AHH H 6e3 BBeAe-
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B Ta6AHge 14, nOKa3MBalOU(eA, 4TO BBeAeHHe OTHOCHTejtbHO 6onb-
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(s) H CeJIeKTHBHOCTH (U) npo9BAeHH9. CKOpOCTb npOHBAeHHN B pe-
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BBeAeHHMA B npOHBHTeJIb B HH'TO KHMX KOJIH4eCTBax, BM3MBaeT
cyl(eCTBeHHoe yBeAH4eHHe 9HeprHH aKTHBaUHH npOHBAeHHH ByaJIH
(sf) H yBeAH4eHHe CeneKTHBHOCTH npORBAeHHA (U), CTa-COAb B npO-
NBHTene, B3NT8N B OTHOCHTenbHO 6OAbWOM KOAH4eCTBe (4 ZIA),
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nH3Hpyloluee AeACTBHe, coxpaHNN 9HeprH10 aKTHBaIHH H CeAeKTHB-
HOCTb npOHBneHHN Ha HOCTO1HHOM ypoBHe. Mex8HH3M CTa6HnH3H-
pyiou ero Ae1kCTBH9 CTa-COAH He 6btA HCCAeAOBaH B AaHHOA pa6OTe,
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K TONY, 'ITO 9HeprHH aKTHBBQHH CnOHTaHHoro pasrloZeHHN cepe6-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
pRHOA COAH CTa6HJIH3aTOpa BMWe 9HeprHH aKTHBaUHH Pa3AO K HHA
A(eAaTHHaTOB cepe6pa.
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AeHHB B 3MyJIbCHIO HAH B npORBHTQAb npoTHBOByaJlHpylollerO Be-
IUeCTBa (6eH30TpHa30Aa) MO)KHO o61 HCHHTb aAcop6UHeA BeulecTBa
Ha [IOBepXHOCTH 9MYJIbCHOHHbIX 3epeH c o6pa3oBaHHeM cepe6pXHOA
CORN. npH 3TOM npeAnoAaraeTCA,4TO BOCCTaHOBAeHHe 3TOA cepe6-
PAHOA CORN Tpe6yeT 60AbWeA 9HeprHH aKTHBaUHH, 4eM BOCCTaHOB-
AeHHe. 6poMHCToro Cepe6pa. IlOCKOAbKy CTa-COAb nO9TH He H3Me-
HAeT 3HeprHH aKTHBaUHH npoHBAeHHA, BO3MO)KHO, qTO 9HeprHA
aKTHBaUHH BOCCTaHOBAeHHA COOTBeTCTByIOII(eA cepe6psiHOA COAH He
Bb[We 9HeprHH aKTHBaUHH BOCCTaHOBAeHHA 6poMHCToro cepe6pa.
12. TeMnepaTypHaw 3aBHCMMOCTb BOCCTINOBAeNNN 30ACA
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N 5-McTNA-7-oI cx-2, 3, 4-TpNa3aNHA0ANuNHa
B npelwAyuteM pa3AeAe 6b[AO nOKa38HO, 4T0 BBeAeHHe B (4OTO-
rp84H4ecKylo 3MyAbCHIO HAM B npOABHTeJib npOTHBOByaJIHpyIOIllerO
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AH4eHHIO 9HeprHH aKTHBaUHH npOABAeHHH He3KCI1OHHPOBaHHbIX y4a-
CTKOB 4)OTorpa4lH4ecKoro CJIOA. 3TOT pe3yAbTaT 06bRCHSACM o6pa-
30BaHNeM aACOp69MOHHoro CAOA cepe6pBHOA COAH npOTHBOByaAH-
pyKlulero BelueCTBa Ha nOBepXHOCTH 3MYJIbCHOHHMX MHKpOKpHCTaA-
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aKTHBaUHH BOCCTaHOBAeHHII yKa3aHHOA cepe6pAHOA COAH 6oAbme,
9eM raJIOHAHoro cepe6pa. B HaCTOAIueM pa3AeJie UPNBOAATCA pe-
3yJIbTaTbl 9KcnepHMeHTBAbHorO HCCAeAOBaHHR 3TOFO Bonpoca.
Pa60Ta 6MAa npoBeAeHa C 3aU(HuteHHbIMH )KeJIaTHHOA 30ARMH
6poMHCToro cepe6pa H cepe6pHHblX coneA 6eH30Tpaa30Aa H 5-Me-
THA-7-OKCH-2, 3, 4-TpMa3aHHAOAHUHHa. McTOAHKa OnbITOB B nPHHUHne
aaKAlogaAaCb B TOM, 4TO K CBe)KenpMI'OTOBAeHHMM 30A$IM, 3aUlH-
IUeHHMM MBAMM KOAH4eCTBOM )KeAaTHHbl, npH6aBAAAH paCTBOP
nponBHTeAsi. CMeCb npH 3aAaHHOA TeMnepaType nPH HenpepblBHOM
IlepeMeWHBaHHH BbIAep)KHBaAM 60ABWee HAM McHbmee KOAH4eCTBo
BpeMeHH (OT 2 MMH. AO 9 9acOB), npu4eM OT CMeCN 4epe3 onpeAe-
AeHHMe nPOMeM(YTKH BpeMeHH OT6HpaAH npo6bl, B KOTOPMX npOBO-
AHAH onpeAeieHHe coAep)KaHHA BOCCTBHosaeHHoro cepe6pa.
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3aTOPOB paHee npOBOAHAH 4)aepMaH H I1AeTHeB [361. B CBOHX OnM-
Tax 9TH aBTOPbI K 3OJIHM, 3au(HU(eHHMM )KeABTHHOA, npH6aBA2AH
npOABHTeJlb, H CMeCb npH 20? OCTaBJIAAaCb 6e3 nepeMeWHBaHHA
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N I-IAeTHeB IPOBOAHAH H3MepeHHA OnTH4eCKOA nJIOTHOCTH CMeCN;
OnMTM 6MAH BMnOAHeHM TOAbKO npH OAHOA Tewneparype (20?) H,
CAeAOBaTeJIbHO, onpeAeAeHHA TeMnepaTypHMX Ko94x IHUHeHTOB H
9HeprHH aKTHBaUHH peaKl(HH He npOBOAHAHCb.
BHa4aAe HaCTORLUeA pa6orW M M npHMeHMAH McTOAHKY 4 aep-
MBHa M nAeTHeBa. A pyrHMH CAOBaMH, CTeneHb BOCCTaHOBAeHHM
cepe6pHHOA COAH M M onpeAeAAJIH nyTeM H3MepeHHH OnTH4eCKHX
RAOTHOCTe4 30AH Ha 4OTOKOAOpHMeTpe. OAHaKO 9Ta U TOAHKa 6MAa
BCKope OCTBBAeHa no CAeAYIOULHM IIPH'HHaM.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
1. ? HaInH Ha6JnoAeHHg noKa3aAH, 4T0 npH BOCCTaHOBAeHHH 30Ae1
pa3AH4HbIX cepe6pRHbix coiiel nonygalOTCH nOTeMHeHHH pa3JIH4HbIX
UBeTOBMX OTTeHKOB, T. e. AHcnepCHOCTb BbuAeAHeMoro cepe6pa
pa3AH4Ha H, CAeAOBaTeAbHO, pa3AH4HbI K03(04)HUHeHTbi norAou(eHHH.
2. floAAepxcaHHe B KK)BeTe KOJIOpHMeTpa 3aAaHHOR TeMnepaTypbi,
OTAHgalouieACH OT TeMnepaTypel KOMHaTbI, npeACTaBAHeT 3Ha4H-
TeAbHble TpyAHOCTH.
IiCnpO6oBaB pa3AH4Hble CIIOCO6bl, Mbl OCTaHOBHJIHCb Ha cJleAyio-
lueR BKcnepHMeHTaJlbHOfl McTOAHKe.
1. B CTeKAnHHbut CTaKaHqHK, noMeiueHHbl9 B BOARHOR TepMOCTaT,
BBOART 12,5 ALA 0,4%-Horo paCTBOpa MceAaTHHM H 12,5 AA 0,02M
paCTBOpa 6poMHCTorO KaAIIH (HAH 6eH30TPHa3OAa HAH 5-MCTHA-7-OK-
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BaHHH TyAa we 6bICTpO BAHBaIOT 25 ALA 0,01 M pacTBopa AgNO3.
Bce yKa3aHHble pacreopbl 6epyT npH TeMnepaType 20?C.
2. O6pa3OBaBWHf1CH 3OAb cepe6piHOR COAH AOBOART AO Tpe6ye-
MOR TeMnepaType (15? HAH 25?); oAHOBpeMeHHO AO TOR xce TeMne-
paTypbi AOBOAHT 50 ALA UpOHBHTeAH (4H6HCOBa), couep Kautero,
nOMHMO o6b gHuX COCTaBHbiX gacTef, eule 8 2 NaOH Ha 1 A. Tlpo-
HBHTeAb 6blCTpo CAHBaIOT B CTaKaHgHK C 30AeM; MOMeHT CJIHBaHHH
npHHHMaeTCR 3a MOMeHT HaqaAa peaKLXHH. Bce yKa3aHHble onepa-
uHH, KaK H nocJleAylou(ee BblAep)KHBaHHe peaKUHOHHOR CMeCH, npo-
BOART npH HenpepuBHOM nepeMeuiHBaHHH.
3. 4epe3 onpeAeJleHHble npoue)KyTKH BpeMeHH H3 peaKUHOHHOR
cueCH oT6HpaioT nxneTlcoft npo6ba no 10 ALA H nepeHOCsT HX B
4,ap4lopOBble CTaKaHqHKH, rAe CoAepwHTCs no 10 AA I x yKCYCHOII
KHCAOTba.
4. B CTaKaHgHK C nOAKHCAeHHOR npO6o# BBOART 20 VA 14%-uoro
paCTBOpa xceAaTHH! (npH TeMnepaType 40-50?C). CMecb Tu(aTeJIbHO
nepeMeUIHBaIOT H noAygeHHylo ?3MyJIbCHIO" nOAHBaIOT Ha 4eTblpe
nOACAOeHHbie CTeKJIRHHbie nAaCTHHKH pa3MepOM 9 X 12 cx2 (Ha Ka)K-
AYIO nJIaCTHHKy HaHOCAT no 7 MA 9MyJIbCHH).
5. IlocAe CTYAeHeHHS H Bb1Cy1UHBaHHR nOAHTbIX CAoeB nuaCTHHKH
B Te4eHHe 30 MHHYT npoMbIBaIOT IIpOTOuHOR BOAOl AAR yAaneHHH
npOHBHTeAR H 3aTeM B Te4eHHe 10 MHHYT 4)HKCHPyIOT B cJla6ouue-
AO4HOM paCTBope THOCyJlbcpaTa HaTPHS (50 2 Na2SZO3?5H,O H 2 2
NaOH Ha 1 AHTp paCTBOpa). OT4)HKCHPOBaHHble CJIOH TIuaTeJIbHO
npoMblBaloT, nocAe 4ero norpyxcalOT 2 pa3a (no 30 MHHYT) B aue-
TaTHMtl 6y4)ep (13,6 2 aueTaTa HaTpHR H 6 ALA AeAHHOR yKCyCHOR
KHCAOTba Ha I A pacTBopa) npH pH = 4,6. 3aTeM CAOH noABepraIoT
oKOHgaTeAbHOR npOMbIBKe. Co BceX geTilpeX npoMbLTb!X nAaCTHHOK
xceAaTHHOBbuA CAOR CgHU(aIOT UlnaTeAeu B 3pAeHMeRepOBCKYIO KOA6y,
a OCTaTKH CAOS CMbIBaIOT TyAa we ropsuef BOAOR. B KOA6y Ao-
6aBAsK)T 30 ALA KOHUeHTpHpoaaHHOR HNO1 H )KHAKOCTb ynapHBaIOT
AO o6leMa npHMepao 5 MA, noc ie qero a30THYIO KHCAOTy HeRTpa-
AH3yIOT 25%-Hb!M paCTBOpOM aMMHaKa H CMecb nOA,KHCAHIOT yKCyC-
HOR KHCAOTOR (AO cna6oro 3anaxa yKCyCHOR KHCAOTbI). PacTBOp
AOBOART AO o6'beua 25 MA, a 3aTeM B HeM npH TeMnepaType 20?
npOBOART onpeAeAeHHe noTeHuHaAa (C TogHOCTbIO I Ma) np): noMOUIH
cepe6psHOro 9AeKTpoAa. KOAH4eCTBO cepe6pa, COOTBeTCTByiou(ee
AaHHOMy nOTeHRHaAY, HaXOART H3 rpaAyHpOBOuHOR KpHBOR, no-
CTpoeHHOR no AaHHbLM H3MepeHHH UOTeHI(HaAOB paCTBOpOB C H3-
BeCTHbaMH KOHueHTpauHHMH HOHOB Ag+ (B HHTepBaJle pAg OT 2
Ao 8).
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
r
Mb1 npopeAH onbITM BocCTa-
1'1CnOJIb3yA yK838HHyK) M@TOAHKy,
HOBneHHH npH 15? H 2 ?C 3oJIe# 6poMHCTOro cepe6pa m cepe6pa.
HbIX cOneft 6eH3oTpHa3ona H 5-McTHJ-7-OKCH-2, 3, 4-TpNa3aHHA0AH-
gNHa. nOnyyeHHble pe3ynbTaTm npeACTaBneHbl rpa4HReCKH Ha pHC. 6,
rAe no OCH a6cuuHCC OTJIO)KeHbI npOAOJI)KHTenbHOCTH peaKL HH (B MH-
Nyl ax), a no OCH OpAHHaT-KOJIHReCTBa BOCCTaHOBJ1eHHoro cepe6pa,
sb1pa)KeHHble B (xpa.n.n-uoKI.t)-10'.
CO) Otjt
PHC. 6. Kpxade soccTaEOSaeHNR cepe6pa nPN npons-
AeuNN 3oae* 6poMNAA cepe6pa (AgBr) ^ cepe6paHbll
coAeq 6eH3oTPHa30aa (AgBt) H b McTNI-7-orcH-4, 3.
4-TpNa3auIIAOANUNHa (AgSt).
a-npO/NaeINS up* 16?C; 6-npouUeame up. 260C
143 npHBeAeHHbIX pe3ynbTaTOa (pHC. 6) BHAHO, TO CKOpOCTH
BOCCTaHOBneHHH HCCJIeAOBaHHbIX cepe6pIIHbIx conel BeCbMa pa3-
AHRHbI: cepe6paHa% COnb TpHa3aHHAO.HQHHa (AgSt) BO00TaHaBAH-
BaeTCA 3Ha4HTeJlbHO 6blCTpee, Rem AgBr, a cepe6paHaH COJIb 6eH30-
TpHa3oAa (AgBt) 3HagHTenbHO McAneHHee, Rem AgBr. B T86A ixe 15
npHBeAeHM npOAOA)KHTeAbHOCTH npoHBneHHH (B MHHyTax) y
Nux coneft no KoHueHTpaILHH cepe6pa OT 5 AO 50.10-a Z-amoxlA
(npH TeMnepaTypax 15? H 25?C) H BeAHRHHU TeMnepaTypHMX KO94)-
l1HUHeHTOB (a) BOCCTaHOBneHHR yKa3aHHbIX coAeffi.
IN
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
Ta6AHga 15
npoAOatKNTeabHOCTN H TeMnepaTypHMe K0944NUHeHTM npOABaeHNA
cepe6p'HMx coaeA 6poMHAa, 6eH3OTpua3oAa N TPHa3aNHAOANUNHa
C- 106 1
5
10
I 15
I 20
25 I
30 I
35 I
40 I
45 I
50
t (15?)
0,8
1,5
2,2
2,8
3,6
4,2
4,9
5,3
6,2
6,8
AgSt
t (25?)
0,4
0,8
1,4
1.8
2,3
2,8
3,2
3,7
4,2
4,6
a
2,0
1,9
1,6
1,6
1.6
1,5
1,5
1,4
1,5
1,5
t (15?)
-
9,5
12.0
14,0
16,5
18.5
21,3
24,0
27,5
31,0
AgBr
t (25?)
-
2,0
3.0
4,0
5,2
6,3
7,7
9,7
12,5
15,5
-
4,7
4,0
3,5
3.2
3,0
2.8
2,5
2,2
2,0
t (15?)
29
59
87
111
130
148
164
180
194
208
AgBt
t (25?)
5
10,3
Ii
23
30
38
46
55
65
75
a
5,8
5,7
5,1
4,8
4,3
3,9
3,6
3,3
3,0
2,8
HCIIOJIb3yH noJ1yIeHHbhe TeMnepaTypHble KO3(1)()HLIHeHTb1, MO)KHO
6Wno Bb14HCJIHTb 3HeprHH aKTHBauHH npOSLBJIeHHA HCCJIeAOBaHHWX
conel (Ta6JIHua 16).
Ta6nHI a 16
BeJIH4HHM 9HeprHH aKTHBauxH BoccraHOBaeHH9 3oaeA AgSt, AgBr, AgBt
AgSt
AgBr
AgBt
E KKaA/.KOAb
7 7
19 18
23 22
TaKUM o6pa3OM, 9KCnepHMeHTaJIbHWe pe3yJ1bT3TW noATBepx(Aa1or
BWCKa3aHHOe npeanoJIo)KeHHe: 1LJIH BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH cepe6psHOA
COJIH nPOTHBOByaJIHpyloulero BeutecTBa (6eH3OTpHa3OJla) Tpe6yeTCo
6onee BWCOKa0 3HeprHH ai(THBaLLHH peaKuHH, 4eM AAB BO00TaHOB-
neHHSI 6poMHAa cepe6pa.
O6paiuaeT BHHMaHHe Ha Ce6H TOT (~aKT, TO npOHBJ1eHHe Ce-
pe6pHHOA CO.H TpHa3aHH1J,OJ1H11HHa (AgSt) npOTeKaeT 3Ha4HTeJ1bHO
6WCTpee H Tpe6yeT McHbwel 3HeprHH aKTHBaLIHH, 4eM npOHBneHHe
6poMHJla cepe6pa. C 3THM O6CTOATeJIbCTBOM, o'eBHAHO, CB93aHO
TO, 4T0 CTa-COJ1b (5-McTH.-7-oI cH-2, 3, 4-TpHa3aHHAOJIHuHH), 6y.y4H
npH6aBJ1eHHOA K npOHBHTeJ11O, nO4TH He B613WBaeT npOTHBOByaJIH-
pyloulero aeACTBHH. BMeCTe C TeM, I1OJ1y4eHHWA pe3yJlbTaT yKa3bl-
BaeT, 4TO CTa6HJ1H3Hpylo[lee AeACTBHe CTa?COJIH npH CO3peBaHHH H
XpaHeHHH 4)OTOrpa(lH4eCKHX 3MyJIbCHA He MO)K T 6WTb 06bocneHO
6o.iee McAneHHWM BOCCTaHOBneHHeM ee cepe6pHHOA COJIH uo cpaBHe-
HHIO c AgBr 11OA06HO TOMy, KaK 3TO npeAnonaraeT (PaepMaH 136, 37J
B OTHOH1eHHH CTa6HJ1H3HpyIOLllero aeACTBHH HeKOTOpwX CTa6HJIH-
3aTOpOB.
106
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
B 3aKJII04eHHe 9Toro llaparpaq)a Mbl XOTeJIH 6bw o6paTHTb BHH-
MaHHe Ha TO 06CTOHTenbCTBO, 4TO TeMllepaTypHble Ko344HUHeHTbI
H - UeprHH aKTHBaUHH np0HBJIeHHH HCCJIeAOBaHHbIX coAef (Ta6AHUw
15 H 16) yMeHbulaIOTCH C yBeJ1H4eHHQM npOAOJI)KHTeJlbHOCTH npo-
HBJIeHHH. I-IO-BHAHMOMy, TO o6,bBCHHeTCH KaT8JIH3HpYIOLUHM AeACT-
BHCM cepe6pa, Macca KOTOpOrO yBeJIH4HBaeTCH B XOAe peaKUHH.
CHHiKeHHe TeMnepaTypHbIX K034)cHUHeHTOB AO AH4)4)y3HOHHWX
3Ha4eHHh Ha6JIIOAaJIOCb, OAHaKO, TOJIbKO nPH npOHBJIeHHH AgSt
(Ta6JIHUa 15).
13. 3aBKCNM0CTb 9Hepri11 IKTHsauNM npo>isaeHea
OT Sbi6opa npo>wB.l utero BeMeCTS*
KaK yxce 6bwn0 yKa3aHO (pa3AeJl 4), MO)KHO O)KHAaTb, 4TO 3Hep-
rHA aKTHBaUHH npoHBJIeHHH 3aBHCHT OT Bbl6opa npofBJIHIOUlero Be-
IueCTBa. B ApyroM McCTe 6bIn0 noKa3aHO [14], 4TO TeMnepaTypHble
K034)4)HUHeHTb1 npOHBJIeHHB ByaAH CTaHHHTOM HaTPHH 3Ha4HTeJIbHO
McHbwe, 4eM npH npOHBJIeHHH napaaMHHoc eHOJIOM. Pe3ydbTaTbi
9THX OIIblTOB, nocne nepec4eTa BeJIH4HH TeMnepaTypHbIX KO84)4)H-
UHeHTOB (2) Ha BeJIH9HHb1 3HeprHH aKTHBaUHH (e), 6NAH ABHbI Bbinle
(pa3AeJI 8), B Ta6AHUe 5. HH)Ke, B Ta6AHUe 17, AaHbl BeJIH4HHbI
3HeprNH aKTHBBUHH npOBBAeHHH n03HTHBHOtk KHHOnAeHKH B np0-
HBHTeAHX CTaHAapTHOrO COCTaBa, pa3AH4aIOUiHZCH Bbl6OpoM npoHB-
AHIou. ero BeuJeCTBa.
Ta6AHUe 17
3aBNCKMOCTb 9HeprNH aICTNBaIINN npOABJIeHNn OT sM6opa npoaBA IoIlero
BeiueCTBa
CTe H H NT HaTpHI . . . . . . . . . . . . .
napaaMHHo$eHoa . . . . . . . . . . . .
McToa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rnApozHHOH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
gilt = of - ?1
K8K BHAHO H3 Ta6AHU 5 H 17, BHepTHH aKTHBaUHH npOABJIeHHH
Bya.7H CTaHHHTOM HaTPHH 3Ha4HTeJIbHO McHbule, 4eM B czlygae
IIpaKTH4ecKH npHMeHHeMbIx npOHBJIHIOUIHX BeIUeCTB. CTaHHHT HaTPHH
nPOHBJIHeT conepweHHO HeceAeKTHBHO [14], a napaaMHHo4)eHOJI H3
B t'X yKa3aHHbIX BenjeCTB AaeT HaH60AbwyIO CTeneHb H36HpaTeJlb-
Ht fO ieACTBHH [1 - 31. 3TOT pe3yJlbTaT nOJIHOCTbIO oTBegaeT HaWHM
nppe1CTaBJIeHHHM, COrnaCHO KOTOpb1M H36HpaTeJlbHoe npOHBAeHHe
of yueCTB.IHeTCH TOJIbKO B TOM cny4ae, KorAa npoHBAeHHe ByaJIH
To PM03HTCH Bb1COKHM 3HepreTH4eCKHM 6apbepoM, T. e. BbICOKOA
3HeprHefl aKTHBaUHH peaKUHH. Me)KAy TeM, e, = 7 KKaA/.KOAb npH
IIpOHBJIeHHH CTaHHHTOM HaTPHB npeACTBBAHeT co6oA, ogeBHAHO, He
4HeprnK) aKTHBaUHH np0HBJIeHHH, a BeJIH4HHy, CBH3aHHyIO C TeMne-
paTyPHbIM K03()))HUHeHTOM AH04)y3HOHHb1X npoueccoB, conpoBo)K-
aaK)IUHX npOHBJIeHHe. B COOTBeTCTBHH C 9THM MO)KHO npeAnoJlo-
?KHTb, 4TO A.eACTBHTeJlbHan 3HeprHH aKTHBaUHH nposBJIeHHA CTaH-
HHTOM HaTPHH npaKTH4eCKH paBHa HyJK), C 4eM cBH3aH HeH36Hpa-
TeJIbHb1A XapaKTep npOHBneHHH 9THM BeuxeCTBOM.
? bY
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
AOnOJIHNTeJ1bHbiA 3KcnepHMeHTaAbHbiA MBTepNaA, OTHOCB11HACR
K 38BHCHMOCTH 9HeprHH aKTHBa1IHH IIPOHBJIeHHH OT Bbi6opa npoAB-
Azx wero Ben.eCTBa, AaH B Ta6J1HUe 18. 11AR pa6oTbi 6blA8 HcnOJlb-
soBaHa HMUOPTHBR a3pOnJIeHKa; npORBHTeAH HMeAH CJIeAyloIUHA
CTIHA8pTNblA COCTBB:
spesae100ee peeeee T90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141M
c7ar4T IITPoe KPNCT .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,0.
code 6essoaasa ............. 26.0 s
? 0 a s .................. ............ ..... ao I auTpa.
BeJHgHHU ceneKTHBHOCTH (U), npHBeAeHHbie B Ta6AHue 18, 6biAH
BbigHCAeHbi, Kaic o6bigHO, no t opMyne (31).
BeJH HH61 61 OTHOCATCH K npOBBAeHHK OI1THgeCKHX nAOTHOCTet,
nexcautHx B BepxHeA 9aCTH npBMOAHHeAHOrO ygaCTKa XapaKTepH-
CTN9eckoA KpHBOA. 11poBBAAK)n(He BeiueCTBa B Ta6JIHue 18 pa36HTbl
Ha Ase rpynnbi no XHMHVeCKOMy CTpOeHNK): 1) OKCH-6eH30Ad H
2) aMHHo4 eHOnu. B npeAeAax Ka*AOA rpynnei Ben1ecTBa pacnono-
)KeHb1 B nOPRAKe y6bIBaHHB 9HeprHH aKTHBaUHH npOBBAeHHB ByaJIH.
Ta6aalta 18
3aencuiocTb sneprHH auTuupa (e) ^ ceaeBi uocTaI (U) ^poIBaeuuI Or BM6opa
npoaoaaw*ero Be*eCTBa
n
U
poieaaa?tee
-
rpy?aa
Be?tecTBO
of
e1
150
250
nHpOKaTe:HH . . . .
22
12
10
265
190
OKcx6eH-
rNApoxHHOH . . .
20
14
6
95
50
3oaM
XaoprIApoxxxon-
20
11
9
185
105
naporuaoa . . .
15
8
7
200
100
napaaMNHO$enoa . .
29
16
13
500
250
AMNRO-
rAH?xn . . . . . .
26
12
14
260
150
?euoail
3IKoaoreH . . . . . .
17
10
7
150
105
MeTOA . . . . . . . .
14
9
5
240
200
- I
McTOXHII .. . . . .. I
15 I
9 1
6 I
180 I
135
Ha OCHOBaHHH npHBeAeHHbiX Pe3ynbTaTOB (Ta6JIHUa 18) MO)KHO
CAeJI Tb c. eAyIou1He BbIBOAb1. HaH6onbwas 3HeprHR aKTHBaL HH
npORBneHHH ByaJIH (af) H HaH6OAbuiaH ceiieKTHBHOCTb np0RBneHHR
06Bapy)KeHbi B CJlytiae napaaMHHO4eHOJIa. BBeAeHHe 3aMeCTHTeIIeA
B BMHHorpynny CHH)KaeT 9HeprHlo aKTHBaLLHH npORBJ1eHHR; BBeAeHHe
9AeKTpOOTpHuaTeJIbHOA rpynnbi (rAHi1HH) CHH)ICaCT 3HeprHIO BKTH-
BaunH of B MBAOA CTeneHH, a BBeAeHHe 3neKTpOnOJIO)KHTeJIbHOA
rpynnbi (MeTOJI) nPHBOAHT K 3HagHTeAbHOMy CHH)KeHHIO af. 113 BCeX
OKCH6eH30JIOB nHPOKBTeXHH (OKCHrpynnM B OpTonOAonceHHH) Tpe6yeT
HaH6oJIbweA 3HeprHH aKTHBaUHH np0RBAeHHH By8AH; Ha BTOPOM
McCTe CTOHT rHAPOXHHOH (OKCHrpynnu B napa-no io*eHHH). BBeAe-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
HHe Tperbet OKCHrpynnbl B NApo (nHparaAAOA) npHBOAHT K cyn(e-
CTBeHHOMy CHH)KeHHIO 3HeprHH aKTHBal1HH npoaBAeHHA ByaJH.
no BeJlH4HHaM !l, icaK BHAHO H3 Ta6AHUb1 18, npoaa ialon(He Be-
n1eCTBa pa3AH4aIOTCH cpaBHHTenbHO Mano; nocAeAOBaTeJIbHOCTb HX
B 3TOM CAy4ae, B npeAeJlax KaxcAOA rpynnbl, npHMepHO Ta ace,
4TO H no BeJH4HHaM e,. 3acnyNCHBaeT BHHMaHH1 TO O6CTOI1TeJIbCTBO,
4TO npH npORBAeHHH nHporaJIAOJIOM, McTOJIOM H McTOXHHOHOM
Be.1H4HHbl el CHHweHbI IO4TH AO AH(1)4)y3HOHHblX 3Ha'eHHA TeMne-
paTypHOA 3a8HCHMOCTH npo sJIeHHa. IIOCKOAbKY McTOJI H McTOXHHOH
npaKTH4eCKH He p83JH4aIOTCa Me)KAy co60A no BeJIH4HHaM of H SI,
MO)KHO IlpeAnOAO)KHTb, 4TO B 06OHX CAy'asx 9HeprHH aKTHBaLIHH
npOABJIeHHH o6ycnoBJleHa McTOJTOM, BXO$RMHM KaK COCTaBHaH
4aCTb B MOJIeKyJIy McTOXHHOHa.
1'13 Ta6JIHltbl 18 BHAHO, 4To npH oAHHaKOBb1X 3HageHHaX ceAeK-
THBHOCTH (U) pa3HOCTb As Mo*eT 6bITb pa3AH'HOA (HanpHMep
npOABJTeHHe nHpOKaTeXHHOM H rJIHLHHOM npH 15?, cpaBH. TaK)Ke
McTOA H rAH11HH). 3TO 03HagaeT, 9TO ceJ1eKTHBHOCTb npoganeHHA
38BHCHT He TOJIbKO OT BeJIH4HHbl As, HO TaK)Ke OT OTEHOWeHHH
npeA9KCnOHeHgHOHaJIbHb1X MHO)KHTeneA P, H Pf B 4opMyne (18).
Ha 9TOM O6CTOHTenbCTBe Mm OcraHOBHMCa noApo6Hee B cJIeAyauieM
pa3Aene.
14. OTHOWeaNA wewAy 9HepraeA &KTNUUUNN npolBAeHHB N Ns6Npa-
TeAbHbIM AeACTNNeM npoaaKTeaeA Ha 40Torpal$N4eCKHe CAOH
KaK y)Ke 6bino yKa3aHO, Ha4HHaa pa6oTy, Mbi HCXOAHAH N3
npeAnoJIoKeHH1, 4To H36HpaTenbHblA XapaKTep 4OTOrpa4H4ecKoro
npoaBneHHH, 06yCAOBAeH TeM, 4TO 9HeprHH aKTHBaiuHH npOABAeHNfi,
N306pa)KeHHH (e), McHbue 4eM ByanH (ef). BbinO noKa3aHO (pa3AeA
3), 4TO BeJlH4HHb1 3HeprHH BKTHBaltHH H CeneKTHBHOCTH npOABACHHR
MOryT 6blTb CBH3aHbl npOCTbIM .000THOWeHHeM:
U=K- V K PI DIRT
Vf Pf
KaK BHAHO H3 (t)OPMyAbi (18), ceneKTHBHOCTb npoHBJieHHa (U)
AOnzHa 6biTb Tell 6onble, 4eM 6Onbuie pa3HOCTb As, HO BeJIH'HHbi
U 3aBHCAT He TOJIbKO OT As, HO H OT OTHOWeHHA npeA9KCnOHeH-
uHaJIbHbIX MHO)KHTeneA P, H Pf.
B paHee Ony6JHKOBaHHb1X pa6OTax 114 - 171 y)Ke 6bino noKa3aoo,
4TO yKa3aHHOe npeAnOAO)KeHHe onpaBAb&BaeTCA: C yBenH4eHHeM As,
KaK npaBHAO, B03paCTaIOT BeJIH4HHb1 U. OAHaxo 1113 9Toro npaBHAa
HMeK3TCB HCKJnogeHH8. B npeAblAyuleM pa3Aene MW yKa3bMBaAH Ha
Cny'aA, xorAa BeJIH4HHbi As pa3JIH4alOTCn nPH npaKTH4eCKH OAHHa-
KOBOM 3Ha4eHHH U. fOMHMO 3T000, Ha6nloAaJIHCb CAy'BH (15, 16,
17. 271, KorAa BeJIH4HHa As npHHHMana HyJeBoe H Aaace OTpHl a-
TenbHoe 3HageHHe, HO npO$BJIeHHe, TeM He McHee, npOTeKaAo
ce.7eKTHBHO. IIOA06H6ie CJiy'aH (sf=sl HJIH sf Nf. (43)
MezAy rew, HepaseHcTBo (43) MsAzerca 4)H3HgecKH Bo3MOXHbIM.
J1erio npeACTaBNTb, 'TO lOA AefCTBHeM aKcn03HUHH seAH9HHa e,
CHH3H.Ilacb Ha 6oAbniOM gicne BMyJIbCMOHHMX sepeH (BeAHgMHa N,
BeAHKa), B TO speMA KaK B pe3yAbTaTe cospeBaHH! (HAH Apyroro
Bo3Ae$CTBMn) seAHgiHa sf CHH3HAaCb AO Toro me ypOBHH Ha CpaB-
HHTeAbHO MaAOM gHCAe sepeH (BeAH'HHa Nf oTHOCHTenbHO MaJJa).
B CHAy yKa3aHHMx OTHOu1 HHA B03MOXHO B KaKOA-TO CTeneHH
H36HpaTeJlbHoe npOABAeHHe Aaxce npH yCAOBHH, qTO e f = s1 HAH
of < e1. fOHATHO, OAHaKO, 'TO CTeneHb H36HpaTeAbHorO Ae#CTBHH
npOSBHTeAA 6yAeT B 9TOM CAygae McHbnle, qeM npH 6oAee BepoAT-
HOM HepaaeHCTBe of > el.
Heo6xoAMMO yKa3aTb, 'TO cJyvaH, KorAa sf < s1, BCTpegaIOTCs
Ha npaKTHKe gpe3BMgatHO peAKO. B nOAaBAA,on(eM 6OAbWHHCTBe
CAygaeB Ha6AIOAa,OTCA HOpMaJIbHMe OTHOQleHHH (sf>s1). lpH Becb-
Ma AJIHTeAbHOM C03peBaHHH (4OTorpa(bHgecKoI ?MyJIbCHH (Aa.eKO
3aIueAweM 3a OnTHMyM) H AJIHTeJIbHOM XpaHeHHH rOTOBMX CAOeB,
B pe3yAbraTe B03AeACTBHH Ha CJIOM napos PTyTH, wnrKOTO r - H3-
AygeHHA (18), a TaKze B pe3yAbTaTe HeKOTOpMX ApyrHX BO3AeA-
CTBHA Ha6aj0AaeTC9 BMp3BHHBaHHe BeJIH'HH sf H t1 (ef -81), HO
AHWb a ogeH& peAKHX ctyganx s, npeBIIwaeT sf.
B Tex CAyganx, KorAa sf=s,, ceJIeKTHBHMA XapaKTep npoABAe-
HHA o6ycJIOBAeH, KaK H caeAyeT O)IcHAaTb, TeM, 'T0 P, > Pf. B 9TOM
CAygde, KaK rIOHATHO H3 4 opMyAM (18), U= K- W, T. e.
(44)
11pHMepOM TaKHX OTHOweHHA MO)KeT CJI )KHTb nponBAeHHe B McTO-
AOBOM npOHBHTeAe c eAKHM HaTpOM AJIHTeJIbHO XpaHNBWefcn
n03HTHBHOA KHHonJIeHKH 9MyJIbCHH 617 (Ta($AHl(a 20). BeJIHgHHM
U, npHBe eHHMe B Ta6ANge 20, 6MAH BMgHCAeHM, KaK H BeJIHgHHM
Ta6AHub 19, no 4opMyule (38).
B 9TOM cAy'ae (at=*,), KaK BHAHO H3 Ta6AHQM 20, BeJIHgHHbI
PI npeBMWaeT Pf B cpaBHHTeJIbHO He60Abnloe 'HCAO pa3.
PI = U
P, K
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
Ta6AHga 20
BeJIH4NHM E, U, W npH npOBBneHNH n03HTHBHOA KHHOnJIeHKH 8 McTOAO8OM
np09BHTeJIe c eAKNM HBTPOM
IIJIOTHOCTH, HPH KOTOpwx OnpeAeJIeHbl BeJIHgHHb t, Li, w
0.1
I 0,4
I 0,6
I 0,8
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I l,2
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24
22
23
23
23
23
23
23
22
24
23
22
24
23
23
23
le
2
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0
1
-1
0
0
0
U (15?)
830
760
820
820
800
810
820
810
U (25?)
750
830
820
M
840
810
820
810
W = Pilpf (15`)
8,3
7,6
8,2
8,2
8,0
8,1
8,2
8,1
W = Pi PI (25?)
7,5
8,3
8,2
7,8
8,4
8,1
8,2
8,1
n peACTaBAHeT HHTepec npoCneAHTb 3aBHCHMOCTb BeJlHgHH
W (Pi1"Pf) OT 3MYAbCHOHHUX caKTOpOB H OT yCJ1OBHt1 upOHBneHHA
npH HaH6onee 4aCT0 BCTpe'aIOLueMCH OTHOWeHHH of>ei.
B Ta6JIHue 21 npHBe,geHbl BenHgHHbl AE, W H U AJIF 6pOMOI10A0-
cepe6pHHOf1 (POTorpa()H4eCKOA 3MynbCHH, nOABeprHyTOt% pa3nHgHOf1
CTeneHH BTOpOro C03peBaHHn. BeJIHLIHHbI of H el ,ILJIH 3TOT0 We
OnblTa 6wii npHBeAeHbl BbIWe (Ta6JIHUa 10). O603Ha ieHHH es H ey,
I1pHHHTbie B Ta6J1Hue 21, O3HagaIOT, 4TO BeJIH4HHb1 e! B nePBOM
c.ly4ae (es) 6UAH onpeAeJleHb1 npH 1gH5 = - 0,5, a BO BTOpOM
c.ly4ae (es) - npH 1gH9 = 0,7. BeJ1HgHHbl E5 OTHOCHTCH K cpeAHef1
4aCTH, a BeJIHgHHbl e9 - K BepXHetl 4aCTH npHMOAHHeFlHor0 y4aCTKa
XapaKTepHCTH4eCKHX KpHBbZX. BeJIHgHHb1 U, npHBeAeHHbie B Ta6-
j ii a 21, 6bIAH Bbl4HCneHb1, KaK H B npeAblAyujHx cny4aax, npH
nOMOIUH 4)opMyJIbl (39).
KaK BHAHO H3 Ta6JIHub1 21, BeJIHgHHb1 W (P,IP7) 3aBHCAT OT
CTeneHH C03peBaHHH 9MyJIbCHH H OT TOTO, K KaK0I1 4aCTH XapaK-
TepHCTH4eCKOF KpHBOI1 OTHOCHTCH 3HeprHH e. C yBeAH4eHHeM npo-
AOJINCHTenbHOCTH CO3peBaHHH BeJIH'HHbI W B03paCTaIOT. OAHaKO
IIpH BpeMeHH CO3peBaHHH, KOTOpoe MO)KeT HMeTb npaKTH4eCKoe
3Ha'eHHe (B HaWeM OnbrTe 1; 2 1/2 H 4 qaca C03peBaHHH; MaKCHMyM
CBeTO4yBCTBHTeJ1bHOCTH 6bin AOCTHFHyT npHMepHO npH 3-x qacax
C03peBaHHH), BeJIHgHHbI W 4pe3Bbl4aAHO MaJbl (nopsAKa 10-16-10-5).
CJ1eAOBaTenbHO, ceneKTHBHOCTb npOHBJIeHI1 80 Bcex 3THX CAygaHX
06yCJ1oBJ1eHa TeM, 4TO 9HepIHH aKTHBauHH npoHBneHHH ByaJIH
60AbWe 9HeprHH aKTHBauHH npoHBAeHHH H306pa)KeHHH (ef>.J),
a He KaKHMH-JIH60 ApyrHMH q)aKTopaMH. ,gpyl'HMH CJIOBaMH npeA-
JIOMCCHHaH HaMH rHIIOTe3a (CM. pa3AeAbi 1 H 3) OKa3b18aeTCA cnpa-
BeJnHBOf.
Maiiwe BeJlHgHIIbI W MO)KHO (4H3H4eCKH HHTepnpeTHpOBaTb TaKHM
o6pa:ioM, 4Tb 4HCAO 3MyJIbCHOHHbIX 3epeH N,, o6naAaloMHx CBeTO-
4yHCTHHTe.ilbHOCTbIO, AOCTaTO4HO11 AAH TOfo, 4TO6bl nOA Ae$ICTBHeM
AaInIOI1 9KCII03HRHH CHH3HTb 9HeprHio aKTHBauHH npOHBneHHH Ha
HeKOTOpylo BeAHgHHy As, OTHOCHTeJIbHO 4pe3Bb14aRHO MaJlo. C yBe-
nH4eHHeM CTeneHH C03peBaHHH 4HCAO CBeTO4yBCTBHTeAbHbIX 3epeH
(Ni) 803pacTaeT. B pe3ynbTaTe 3TOTO YBeJIH4eHHH N, MO)KHO 6wJ10 6b1
O* HAaTb BO3paCTaHHH CeneKTHBHOCTH U. B HeKOTOpOf1 CTeneHH
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
Ta6AHUa 21
ReJN4NHW At, U, W npM nposaAeiMM B npOBBMTeAe 4N6NCOBa #OTorpaoN4eCKOA BYyA-CNN pa3HoA CTeneNH C03peBaHNa
11AOTHOCTH, npn KOTOpbI onpeAeAeHae BeAHgHHbI t, U, W
0,6 I 0,8
a. 1 'ac emopozo co3peearuzx
At
15
16
22
23
U (15`)
2340
2000
11700
13300
U (25?)
920
900
3100
3450
W (15`)
1,3.10-10
1,9.10-11
3.5.10-1s
6,9.10-16
W (25?)
1,2. 10-'0
1,9?I0-11
3,3.10-16
6,7.10-16
6. 2,5 'taca emopozo cospesaxurr
Ae
11
14
15
-
15
18
18
U (15`)
3730
4100
4300
-
8080
8170
8270
U (25')
1940
1830
160
-
3230
30W
2770
W (15')
1,7.10-'
1,2.10-9
2,3.10-10
-
4,3.10-10
2,4.10-12
5.10-12
2
W (25?)
1,7.10-7
1,2.10-9
2,3.10-10
-
4,1.10_10
2,5. 10-12
,
2,3.10-12
a. 4 ' aca emopozo co3posauuz
At
7
9
11
11
15
16
17 18
U (15=)
950
960
960
960
2480
2400
2210
23J0
U (25-)
640
600
510
410
1070
-O0
850
830
W (15)
4.6.10-15
1,4.10-6
4,3.10'8
4.3.10--8
1,3.10-10
2,3.10-11
7.10-12
3
7
0.10-13
W(25)
4,7.10-s
1,5.10-6
4,4.10-8
3,5.10--8
1,4.10-10
2,2.10-11
,
3,8.10-12
,
7,0.10-13
1,0 0,4 0,6 0.8 i 1,0
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
t+tl t9 O O
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy
y Approved for Release 2011/11/15 :CIA-RDP80T00246A063100080001-2
3TO o6Hapy KHBaeTCR (Cp. BeAH4HHbl W H U) npH IgH5 AAH 1 9aca
H 2,5 9acOB C03peBaHHH (Ta6JIHUa 21).
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AeHuHH: C yBeJIH9eHHeM W B pe3y.'IbTaTe yBeJH9eHHH npouoJlKCH-
TeAbHOCTH Co3peBaHHH BeJH'HHbl U pe3KO CHH)KalOTCH. 3TO o6'bHC-
HHeTCH, 09eBHAHO, TeM, 1T0 3MyJibCHOHHble 3epHa, CBeTO9yBCTBH-
TeJIbHOCTb KOTOpbIX BO3paCTaeT B npouecce Co3peBaHHH, CTaHOBHTCH
6onee JIa6H nbHb[MH He TOJIbKO no OTHOWeHHIO K aeHCTBHIO CBeTa,
HO H HO OTHOWeHHlO K aeFiCTBHIO HPOHBHTeAH, T. e. H3 rpynnbl
3epeH H306paMCeHHH OHH nepeXOAHT B rpynny 3epeH ByaJIH. uAH
AAHTeJIbHO C03peBaBWHX 3MyJIbCHA BeJlHgHHbI EJ H EI CTaHOBHTCH
IIpaKTH9eCKH OAHHaKOBbIMH (Ae=O). B 3TOM cny9ae ceJIeKTHBHbIH
XapaKTep np0HBAeHHH o6ycnOBneH TeM, 9TO '1HCAO 3epeH NI
HecKOAbKO 6onbue 9HCJIa N1.
43 Ta6AHUbl 21 BHAHO TaKKCe, 9TO BeJIH9HHb1 W He 3aBHCHT OT
TeMnepaTypbl HpOHBAeHHH (npH 15? H 25' OHH o1HHaKOBbl). 3TO
o6bHCHHeTCH TeM, 9TO BeAH4HHbI P, H Pf nO9TH He H3MeHHIOTCH C
H3MeHeHHeM TeMnepaTypbl (BO BCIIKOM C.1y9ae, B TOM HHTepBaJle
TeMnepaTyp, B KOTOPOM Mbl pa60TaAH). 3ro o6CTOHTenbCTB0
AHWHHII pa-3 yKa3blBaeT Ha npaBOMepHOCTb HCHO.7b3oBaHHH 4JOpMynbl
(13) AAH Bbi9HC.'IeHHH 3HeprHH aKTHBaIHH npoHBAeHHH.
KaK BHAHO H3 Ta6nHUbI 21, BeJIH9HHbl ceJ1eKTHBHOCTH npoHBJle-
HHH (U) C yBeJ1H9eHHeM npOAOAKCHTeJIbHOCTH C03peBaHHH npOXOAHT
9epe3 MaKCHMyM 115]. OAHaKO 3TOT MaKCHMyM Ae)KHT npH pa3AH9-
HbIX npoAO.7KCHTeJIbHOCTHX Co3peBaHHH, B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT Toro,
K KaKOf1 9aCTH XapaKTepHCTH9eCKOH KpHBOH OTHOCHTCH onTH9eCKHe
HAOTHOCTH Dl, 110 KOTOpbIM o11pe1eJ 1IoTCH CKOPOCTH V1, BXOAH1uHe
B Bbipa)KeHHe ce.IeKTHBHOCTH U. 3TO CBH3aHO C TeM, 9TO MaKCHMyM
CBeTO9yBCTBHTenbHOCTH, onpeaeJleHHb1H npH pa3HbIX KpHTepHHX,
AOCTHraeTCH npH pa3JIH4HbIX npOAOAKCHTenbHOCTHX C03peBaHHH*).
flpoCAeAHM Tellepb 3aBHCHMOCTb BeAHMHH W OT ycnOBHH HpoHB-
AeHHH. 143 (()aKTOpOB, OTHOCHIILHXCH K yCAOBHHM npOHBAeHHH, MIA
paCCMOTPHM ABa: 1) BJIHHHHe BBeleHHH 6eH3oTpHa3OJla B npOHBH-
TeJIb H 2) BAHf1HHe Bbl6opa npOHBAHIoluero BeiueCTBa.
KaK yKCe 6bIJlo yKa3aHo (pa3AeJ1 11; CM. TaKKCe [171), BBeAeHHe
6eH3oTpHa30Jla B npoHBHTenb I1pHBOAHT K yBe.IH9eHHK) 3HeprHH
aKTHBauHH npOHBAeHHH By'aJ1H (Es) H nO9TH He CKa3bIBaeTCH Ha Be-
AH9HHaX 3HeprHH aKTHBauHH npOHBAeHHH H3o6pa)KeHHH (EI). B Ta6-
nHue 22 HpHBeAeHbl BHOBb noAy9eHHble pe3yJIbTaTbl: CBeTO9yBCTBH-
Te.1hHbIH MaTepHaJ1 - (~OTOnnaCTHHKH C ia6opaTOPHOH 4)OT03MyAb-
cHeH, npOHBHTeAb 1-IH6HCOBa 6e3 6pOMHCToro KaJIHH. B Ta6AHUe 22,
IIOMHMO BeAH9HH e,, ei H As HpHBCaeHbl TaKKCe BeJIHMHHbi U H W.
(:e.1eKTHBHOCTb IIpOHBAeHHH U hbIgHG1eHa no ())OpMyae (39).
113 Ta61mabi 22 HCHO, 'ITO yBeJIH9eHHe CeAeKTHBHOCTH IIPOHB-
AeHHH (U) B pe3y nbTaTe HBeA.eHnH 6eH3OTpHa3O.1a B I1pOHBHTenh
ofycJIOBAello yBe.1H9eHHeM pa31IOCTH As, a He VHeAH9eHHeM MHO-
KCHTeAH W, TaK KaK BeAHquHb1 11' Ilpli i3BeaeHHH 6eII3OTpHa30.1a
tie )'Be.1H'HAHCb, a yMeHbIIIHAHCb (HAH OCTa.1HCb 6e3 H3MeHeHHH).
CAe,aOBaTe.nhHO, BBeaeHHe 6eH30TpFa30Jla OKa3bIBaeT 1BOHKOe H
HpOTHBOIIOJIO)KHOe aeACTBHe Ha ceneKTHBHOCIb. C OAHOFI CTOI)OHhl,
OHO yBenH9HBaeT As H TeM CaMb1M yBeJiH9HBaeT U, a c apyroH -
?) 3TO o6CT05ITenbCTBo 6onee nonpo6HO Mbi npeanonaraeM paccMOTpeTb B
cneuHanbHo cTaTbe.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
T66ANUa 22
BJINAHNe BBeAeHH 6eH3OTpHa302a B npOBBHTeab Ha BeAN'NNM t, U, W
OnTH4ecKHe nJIOTHOCTH, npH KOTOpbIX onpeAelleHbl
CpeAH.
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21
22
22
23
22
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13
13
13
13
13
8
9
9
10
9
U (15?)
1900
1900
1900
1750
1900
U (25?)
1200
1200
1100
960
1200
W (15?)
1,6.10-s
2,8.10-6
2,8.10-
4,5.10-7
10-6
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1,6.10-5
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2,8.10-6
4,4.10-7
10-6
6. 0,05 z 6eN3oatpua3oAa Ha 1 A npO*6UINIAR
tf
23
24
24
24
24
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14
13
13
13
14
13
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9
11
11
11
11
U (15?)
12800
10100
8070
6750
10000
U (25?)
7300
5300
4100
3600
5000
W (15?)
1,9.10_5
4,5.10-7
3,6.10-7
3,0.10-7
10?7
W (25?)
1,8.10-5
4,5.10-7
3,5.10-7
3,1.10-7
10-7
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23
24
25
26
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25
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13
13
13
14
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9
11
12
13
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12
U (15?)
19200
13700
11100
9750
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12000
U (25?)
11140
7440
5500
4670
-
6000
W (15?)
2,8.10-s
6,1.10-7
1,f?10-7
1,7.10-8
-
10-7
W (25?)
2,8.10--5
6,4.10-7
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-
10-7
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yBeJIH4eHHe ,t Ha 2-3 KK0A OKa3bIBaeTCH 311a4HTeAbHo 6onee
34X eKTHBHbIM, 4eM yMeHbUI HHe W npHMePHO B AecRTb pa3, TaK
KaI At BXOAHT B 4)OpMyJly (18) KaK noKa3aTeJlb CTeneHH, a W CJIy-
)KHT TO.IbKO MHO)KHTeJIeM B B61pa)KeHHH CeJIeKTHHHOCTH U.
npeACTaBJIHeT HHTepeC BbIHCHHTb, 3a C4eT 4ero npOHCXOAHT
yMeHbUJHHe W npH BBeAeHHH 6eH30TpHa3OAa B npOSBHTeAb - 3a
C4eT yMeHbllleHHA P, NJIH yBeJIH4eHHH Pf. COOTBeTCTBYIOIILHR paC4eT
nOKa3blBaeT, 4TO B onblTe, pe3yJIbTaTbl KOTOporo npHBeAeH61, B
Ta6AHue 22, npH BBeAeHHH 6eH30TpHa30Jla BeJIH4HHa P, OCTallaCb
nO4TH 6e3 I#3MeHeHHB, a BeJIH4HHa Pf yBeJIH4HJ1aCb n HMepHO B
,iecRTb pa3. IIOCIfOJIbKy, KaK M61 yKa3bZBaJIH, BeJIHgHHa Pf nponOp-
uwOHiAbHa 4HCJly 3epeH Nf, O4eBHAHO, 4TO BBeAeHHe 6eH30TpHa3OJIa
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
B npOABHTeJIb IIpHBOAHT K yBeJIH4eHHIO 4HCJIa 3epeu, Tp 6yLOIAH X
6onee BbICOKOFl 3HeprHH aKTHBaUHH npOHBJ1eHHH.
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6eH30TPHa3OA He OKa3bIBaeT cyIgeCTBeHHoro BJIHRHHR Ha 3HeprHIO
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HO TaK)Ke C06CTBeHHble Ae(PeKTbI KpHCTanJIH4eCKOR peweTKH. OAHaKo
6eH30TPHa3OA, aACOp6HpyRCb Ha 3MyJIbCHOHHb1X 3epHax, MO)KeT,
XOTR 6bi 48CTHgHO, 3aKpblTb yKa3aHHbwe A.e(4eKTbl. B pe3yAbTaTe
3TorO BepoBTHOCTb npeBpaLueHHR Ae4)eKTOB B cepe6pBHb4e ueHTpbl
yMeHbWaeTCH, 4TO MO)KeT npHBeCTH K yBeJIH4eHH'o of H Nf.
O6paTHMCR Tenepb K npORBJIHIOluHM BeiueCTBaM. B Ta6JIHUe 18
6bi.IH npHBeA.eHb1 BeJIH4HHbl a,., e1, Ae H U, IlOny'eHHble npH
pa6oTe c pa3.7N'HbIMH npOHBJIRIOIIIHMH BeIueCTBaMH. B Ta6nHue 23
AJIR Toro mue OnbuTa npHBeAeHbi BeJH4HHb1 W.
Ta6AHua 23
BAHAHHe npoQBnalolgerO BeuLecrsa Ha seau4HHw 6 e, U, W npH npoasneHHH
a9ponaeHNH B nP0NBHTeJI2X CTaHAaPTHoro COCTasa
OKCH-
6eH30Abl
AMNHO-
(PeHOAbI
190
50
105
100
250
150
105
200
7,7. 10-8
2,8 ? 10-5
3,0- 10-7
1,0.10-5
8,0. 10-10
7.3-10-11
8,0 ? 10-6
4,1.10-4
135 I 5,4- 10-5
9,9. 10-8
2,1 ? 10-5
2,9- 10`7
0.8. 10-5
8,5.10''0
9,7 ? 10-11
8,4.10-6
4,6. 10-4
5,8 ? 10-5
KaK BHAHO H3 3T0f Ta6JIHub[, IIpORBJlBIOIuHe BelueCTBa no Be-
nH4HHaM W CyLueCTBeHHO pa3JH4alOTCH Me)KAy co6o 1. f1peACTaBJIAeT
HHTepeC TO 06CTORTenbCTBO, 4T0 napaaMHHO4)eHOJ1y H rJIHUHHy,
Bb13bIBaIOIUHM IIpH npORBJieHHH BeCbMa Manylo ByaJlb H XapaK-
TepH3yeMbuM 60JIbWHMH BeJIHgHHaMH of (COOTBeTCTBeHHO 29 H
26 KKaAJJKOAb; CM. Ta6JLHUy 18), CBOACTBeHHbI BeCbMa MaJlble BeJIH-
4HHb1 W. B TO we BpeMR AJIA BeLueCTB, B 60JlbWen CTeneHH CKJIOH-
HHX Bbu3buBaTb ByaJ1b npH npOHBneHHH, HanpHMep nHporannon H
McTOJI (BeJLH4HHbl a f COOTBeTCTBeHHO 15 H 14 KKa4/MOAb) XapaKTepHbi
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
1lpoasARKui ee
seulecTBO
fHpoKaTexHH
rHApOxH HOII
XAoprNAPOXNHOH
fuporaAAoA . .
rAHUHH . .
34KOHoreu
McTOA .
U W
15? 1 25? 1 15? 1 25?
265
95
185
200
500
260
150
240
 1 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
BeANgHHbI W, Ha HecKOAbKO n0 HAKOB 6oAbwe, ReM B ciy4agx
napaaMHHo4)eHoAa H rJIHIXHHa. 1laHHoe o6CTOMTeJIbCTBO, OAHaKO,
BnOAHe 3aKOHOMepH(K %HCJIO 3MyJIbCHOHHMX 3epeH, Tpe6yIOIQHX Hbl-
COKOA 9HeprHN ak-rMWIXHH npoxeAeHHH ByaJIH (B CAy4aAx napaaMH-
H4eHOAa m rJHLIHHa) BeJIHKO no CpaBHeHHIO C 4HCJIOM 3epeH, Tpe-
6ylOn1HX OTHOCHreJIbHO MaAOA 9HeprHN aKTHBaUHH (B CAygasx
WSTOAS H nIporaAAOAa).
To 06CTOATeJIbCTBO, 4TO UPH npOHBJ1eHHH pa3JIHgHMMH npOHBAH-
KKUHMH Beluecr aMH BenH4HHbl W cylueCTBeHHO pa3JIH4aIOTCA, 3aBH-
CHT Or p>sAa (4aKTOpOB. CpeAH HHX MO)KeT HMeTb 3HageHHe
pa3AN'HaH aACOp6HpyeMOCTb npOSBAUIOIIXHX BeIueCTB Ha cepe6pe
ueHTPOB IIpOHBneHHH, 4TO IIOHHTHO H3 CAeAyiouuHX coo6pa)ICeHHA.
B npeA3KC11OHeHuHaJIbHHe MHOM(HTeJIH P1 H P1. nOMHMO KOHUeH-
TpauMA peal'HP9IOUXHX BelueCTB, Moryr BXOAHTb TaK)Ke ApyrHe (paK-
TOpM, OKa3MBaIOUXHe BAHHHHe Ha CKOPOCTb peaKuHH. CpeAH 3THX
loaKTOPOB MOMCeT HMeTb 3HaqeHHe AJIHTeAbHOCTb npe6MBaHNH pea-
rNpylOIIXHX BeUueCTB B C6AH)KeHHOM COCTOHHHH, a 3TO MOM(eT 6hITb
C3n3aHHO c aAcop5uHeA npoHBAHIOUXHX BeUXeCTB Ha 3MynbCHOHHbIX
3epHax. O4eBHAHO, 4eM 6onbwe CHAM aACop6UHH, KOTOpMe 3aBHCHT
rlK OT COCTOBHHH nOBepXHOCTH, Ha KOTOPYIO IIPOHCXOAHT aACOp6-
YANS, TaK H OT XHMHgeCKOR npHpOAb1 H COCTOAHHH npos[Bnsauuero
seuueCTBa, TeN 60Abwe cpeAHee BpeMA C6JIH)KeHHI1 pearHpyloluHx
gaCTHU, 6oJlbwe BepOHTHOCrb PeaKIXHH H 60Abwe npeA9KcnoHeH-
uHaJIbHblA MHONCHTe.7b.
CorAaCHO TeOPHH A. H. Pa6HHOBH4a 1391, aACOp6uHA npoNBAH-
gnXHX BeuLeCTB IIPOHCXOAHT npeHMyUXeCTBeHHO Ha cepe6pe ueHTPOB
npoHBAeHHH, a He Ha raAoreHHAe cepe6pa.. 3MyJIbCHOHH000 3epHa.
fOHMTHO, 4TO pa3AH'HaH aACop6HpyeMOCrb I1p0ABJIAIOUXHX BeUXeCTB
Ha ueHTpaX CKPMToro H3o6pa)ieHHH MOMCeT 6b1Tb OAHOA H3 npH'HH
pa3JH'HH BeAH'HH P1. OAHaKO, Bonpoc, B KaKOA CTeneHH 9TO npeA-
noAo)KeHHe MO)KeT HMeTb CHAy, OCraerCA OTKpHTbIM, TaK KaK Mbi
He pacnonaraeM 3KCnepHMeHTaJIbHbIMH AaHHbiUH no OTHOCHTeAbHOA
aACOp6HpyeMOCTH Pa3AH'HMX npOHBAHIOUXHX BeuueCTB Ha ueHTpaX
CI(puTorO H306pa)KeHHH.
Ta6nxua 23 noKa3biBaeT, 4TO BeJIHgHHM W, XOTH H CyIU CTBeHHO
p83AH4a1OTCA McBCAy Co6oA, 80 BCex Cnygasx OHH 4pe3BblgaAHo
Manes (Or 10-4 AO 10-11). CneAoBareAbHO, 3Aecb, KaK H Boo6uLe?e
nOA&BJ UK)UXeM 60AbwHHCTBe CnyMaeB, CeneKTHBHMA XapaKTep npo-
ABaeHHA o6ycAOBneH pa3AH'Heu 9HepriA aKTHSUUMH npOHBAeeJH
ByaAN H M306pa)ICeHHH (8,> SI), a He KaKHMH-AH60 ApyrHMH (paKTO-
paMH.
15. MexaNN3M N36NpaTeAbHoro AeACTSN8 npOABNTeaeA
Ha 4 oTorpa$NMecKNe CAON
B 3aKAlo'eHHe 3TOf1 CTaTbH, OCHOBbiBaaCb Ha npHBeAeHH61X
Bbinle 9KCnepHMeHTaJIbHWX pe3yAbTaTaX, MM XOTeJIH 6b1 KpaTKO
C(?OpMyJIHpOBaTb OCHOBHMe HaIUH npeACraBAeHHB 0 McXaHH3Me N3-
6HpaTenbilorO AeACTBHA npOHBHTeJI Ha 4OTorpa($HgecKHe CAON.
B (j)OTorpa4)H4eCKHII CA09, KaK TOJIbKO OH norpy.Cen s upossH-
TeJib, 1PH HOPMaJIbHMX yCAOBHHX BeCbMa 6MCTpo npOHNKaIOT COCTas-
HYe 4aCTH npOABAAK)UXero pacTBopa. Ha6yxaanXNA X(eJ1aTHHOSMA
CAOA CAYMCIIT K8K 6M HaCocoM, 3acacbBalouXHM npoasxTeJlb. TaraM
06pa30M, BeCbMa CKOpo nocAe - norpy)KeHHII CAOR B paCTIIIOP MaCTNAY
4', -
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
(KOHN HAH MOAeKyJlu) npORBJSIOU(ero BenxeCTBa BCTynaIOT B KOH-
TaKT C BMynbCHOHHbLMH 3epHaMH, KaK 3KCnOHHposaHHb1MH, TaK H
He9KCIIOHHPOBaHHbUMH. OAHaKO peaKuHR BOCCTaHOBJIeHH% cepe6pa B
nepeble MOMeHTbi B Cnygae npoHBHTeneft C Bb1COKOA CTeneHbIo
H36HpaTeJlbHorO AefCTBHR, HagHHaeTCg TOJIbKO Ha OTHOCHTeAbHO
MaJIOM gHCAe 3epeH, Ha noBepXHOCTH KOTOpbIX BOCCTaHOBAeHHe raAo-
reHHAa cepe6pa Tpe6yeT MaAof 9HeprHH aKTHBaUHH. Ha noBepx-
NOCTH 9THX 3epeH HMeeTCR KaTaJIH3aTOp, CHHHCaIOIUH6 BHeprH)o aKTH-
/auHH npORBneHHR. 3TO rnaBHbIM o6pa3OM 9KcnOHHpoBaHHble 3epHa,
KaTaAH3aTOpOM Y KOTOpbIX Cny)KaT cepe6p8Hble ueHTpbl CKpbl-
Toro H306pa)KeHHR. OAHaKO HMeeTCn HeKOTOpoe BecbMa He3HagH-
TenbHOe 'HCAO He9KCnoHHpoBaHHbIX 3epeH, (T. e. 3epeH ByaAH), AAH
npoRBneHHR KOT0pblX Tpe6yeTCA MaABR 3HeprHR aKTHBauHH. 06'bRC-
HgeTCH 3T0 TeM, TO Ha HX nOBepXHOCTH HMeIOTCn gaCTHUbl, KaTa-
AH3aTOpa B BHAe cepe6psiHblx H cepHHCTO-Cepe6pRHbaX ueHTpOB,
06pa30BaBWIHXCII B npoi ecce CO3peBaHHR 4)OTorpa(VH4eCKO1 9MYJIbCHH.
MONCHO npeAnOJIO)KHTb,'TO, o6paTHBnIHCb K npoHBAeHHIO OTAeJIb-
Horo 9MyJIbCHOHHOrO 3epHa, MW Ha6AlOAaAH 6b1 nOCTeneHHoe CHH-
)KeHHe 9HeprHH aKTHBaUHH npORBAeHHR no Mepe Toro, KaK KOAH-
ieCTBO cepe6pa (T. e. KaTaAH3aTOpa) Ha 3epHe Bo3paCTaeT B npO-
uecce npORBneHHR. npeAenoM CHH)KeHHR 9KCnepHMeHTaJIbHO onpe-
AeAReMoA 9HeprHH aKTHBauHH nponBneHHR CAy)KaT BeAHgHHbi 6-
8 KKaA/.UOAb, T. e. BeJIHgHHbI, OTHOCnLuHecn K TeMnepaTYPHUM 3aBHCH-
MOCTRM AH4)4y3HOHHbIX sIBneHHt, a HCTHHHaR 3HeprHR aKTHBauHH
peaKuHH npoRBneHHH CTaHOBHTCR npaKTHgeCKH paBHOt HyJIIO. IIo-BH-
AHMOMy, nponBneHHe Alo6oro 9MyAbCHOHHOrO 3epHa, Ha4HHaR C He-
KOToporo MOMeHTa, KorAa HaKOHAeHO AOCTaTOgHO 6onbuIoe KOAH-
geCTBO KaTaAH3aTOpa (cepe6pa), npOTCKaeT C HyAeBO$k HCTHHHO}i
9HeprHe% BKTHBaUHH (T. e. C Ka)KyiuetCR 9HeprHel aKTHBaUHH no-
pRAKa 6-8 KKaA/.KOJZb).
3KcnepHMeHTaJlbHbie HCCAeAOBaHHR TeMnepaTypHblX 3aBHCHMOCTef
npOHBneHH$ OTAeAbHbHX 3epeH, K CO)KaAeHHIO, no9TH OTCyTCTByiOT.
HaM H3BeCTHa TOnbKO OAHa pa6oTa B 9TOM HanpaBJieHHH [401, B
KOTOpOA nyTeM Ha6AloAeHHn nOA MHKpOCKOnOM npoHBneHHR KpH-
cTanna AgBr npH pa3HbIX TeMnepaTypax 6biAO HaAAeHO, 'TO 9Kcne-
pHMeHT8nbH0 onpeAeneHHas 3HeprHR aKTHBauHH npouecca paBHa
6 KKaAl.*OAb. Ha OCHOBaHHH 9Toro H ApyrHX Ha6JuoAeHHA B pa6oTe
1401 6bin cAenaH BMBOA, qTO CKOpOCTb BOCCTaHOBAeHHR cepe6pa
B KpHCTaJAe onpeAeAReTCR AH(()(Dy3HOHHb1MH npoieccaMH. 3TOT
pe3yJIbTaT, KaK cAeAyeT H3 BbluleCKa3aHHorO, RBAReTCR BIIOAHC
nOHHTHHIM H, B Cyn1HOCTH, TpHBHaJIbHbIM. 6b1no 6w 6onee HHTe-
peCHO onpeAeAHTb 3HeprHK) aKTHBauHH CaMb1X HaganbHbWX CTaAHA
IPOHBAeHHH OTAeJIbHbIX 3MyJIbCHOHHbUX 3epeH, Tex cTaAHA, KorAa
KOAHgeCTBO KaTaJIH3aTOpa Ha 3epHe onpeAe.nneTCR npeAleCTByiO-
IUHMH npoueccaMH (CO3peBaHHeM H 9KCnOHHIiOBaHHeM), HO He npo-
nBneHHeM. HecoMHeHHO, qTO B 9TOM CAy9ae 3epHa Tpe6oeaJIH 6m
caMwx pa3Hoo6pa3HblX 9HeprHf# aKTHBaUHH H pacnpeAeAeHHe gHCAa
3epeH (N) no BeAH'HHaM s AAR 9KCIIOHHp0BaHHMX (I) H He9KCHOHH-
POBaHHbIX (f) ygaCTKOB CJIOR, nO-BHAHMOMy, npHMePHO cooTBeTCTBO-
nano 6w KPHBb)M i H f, npHBeAeHHb1M Ha pnC. 7.
OAHaKO B03MO)KHOCTb noAo6Horo gKcnepHMeHTaJlbHoro onpeAe-
neHHn oCTaeTCR HenCHOR, TaK KaK Ha6JIOAaTb npoRBneHHe OTAeAb-
HorO 3epHa npH nOMOEgH ORTHgeCKoro MHKPOCKona mm MO)Keu,
HagHHan C TOtl CTaAHH, Korua cepe6pstH6lh 3apoAblld npeAcTaBAneT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
co6o9 OTHOCHTeAbHO MaCCHBHbIlk KycOK cepe6pa, nony4eHHoro B
npouecce nPOABAeHHA. npHMeHeHHe 3neKTpOHHoro MHKpoCKona
Becb,a 3aTpYAHHTenbHO, TaK KaK Mbl He MO)KeM Ha6JK)AaTb 3a
npOABneHHeM Oj(Horo H Toro we 3epHa. B 3TOM CAy4ae MeO)HeKOTOi(HO
BOCnOAb3OBaTbCA TOAbKO CTaTHCTH4eCKHM McTOAOM, T. e. -
pdM ycpeAHeHHeM pe3ynbTaTOB. B CBA3H C 3THM 1161 XOTeAH 6m
nOA4epKHyTb geHHOCTb 06bl4Horo CeHCHTOMeTpH4eCKOFO McTOAa,
ROTA no nOBOAy erO H Bb1CKa3bjaaAHCb CKenTHgeCKHe 3aMegaHHA
1411. 3TOA McTOA, HcnOAb30BaHEJR HaMH, XOTH H AaeT CTaTHCTHge-
CKMe pe3ynbTaTb[, HO KOHCTaTHpyeT HaAHgHe rpynn 3epeH, Tpe6y-
IOMHX pa3JIH4HOtl 3HeprHH aKTHBaIUHH IPOfIBAeHHH.
PNc. 7. flpe,gnoAaraeMMe KpHBble
pacnpeAeAeHHl qNCJIa 9MYAbCNOHHMx
3epeH (N) no BeAH4HHaM 9HeprHH
aKTNBaUMN (a) npoHaxeHBB 9KCnOHH-
pOBaHHMx (1) N He9IccnOHNpOBaHHMX
V) ygaCTKOB 4OTorpa4)HgecKoro CAOH
npN ycAOBNH, 'TO If>,l
HTSK, AAA 3KCnOHHpOBauHEX H He3KCIIOHHpOBaHHbwX 3epeH Mbl
MOM(eM nOCTPOHTb KpHBbie pacnpeAeAeHHS 3epeH no BeAN4HHaM
BNeprHH aKTHBaU HH a (nOAo6H6le TeM, 4T0 npHBeAeHbt Ha pHC. 7),
npH4eM nOA a nojapa3yMeBaeTCg 3HeprHA alTHBauHH CaMo1# Ha4anb-
HOA CTBAHH npOABneHHfl 3epHa. 4eM 6OAbwe a, TeM 60AbIue HHAyK-
I[HOHHMf1 nePHOA npOHBneHNA 3epHa SAO CTBAHH, Korj(a Ka)KyuIaJCA
3HeprHA aKTHBal](HH CHN)KeHa AO AN4)(by3HOHHorO 3Ha4eHHA, T. e.,
nO-BNAHMOMy, AO TOR MAIM npOHBAeHNA, KOTOpypO MO)KHO Ha6Alo-
AaTb B OATHgeCKHA MHKpOCKOn). 4eM 60n6we VHCAO 3epeH, Tpe6ylo-
I11NX BbiCOKOA 3HeprHH 8, TeM n03)Ke nOABHTCA CAeAbl uo4epHeHHH
npN nPOABAeHHH CAOA, TeM McAAeHHee 6yAeT npOTeKaTb npOf1BAeHHe
AaHHOro y'aCTKa CAOH. H36HpaTenbHM A XapaKTep upoSBAeHHA o6y-
CAOBAeH HMeHHO TeM, 4TO Ha nOAAX ByaAN HMeeTCH 3HagHTenbHO
6oAbulee 4HCJO 3epeH, Tpe6ylOIUHX 6oAee Bb1COKOS 9HeprHH aKTH-
BaIlHH HaqaAa npOABneHHH, qeM Ha 3KCnOHHpOBaHH61X nOAAX CAOA.
ECAH 6b1 KPHBUe l H f (pHC. 7) CoanaAaAH, ceAQKTHBHOe npoaBAeHHe
6b1A0 bbl HeB03MO)KHO.
B Tex CAy4asiX, Korjla 3HeprHA aKTHBagNH nPOHBneHHA He9KCno-
HHPOBaHHb1X 3epeH pe3KO CHHN(eHa, pe3KO CHH)KBeTCH, H CeAeKTHB-
HOCTb npOflBneHHA. 3TO MO)KeT 6b1Th pe3ynbTaTOM pa3HhIX 06CTO-
121
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
BTeAbCTB: pe3yAbTBTOM HCHOJIb3OBaHHA BellleCTBa, BOCCTaHaBAHBaIO-
ulero raAOreHHA cepe6pa C HyJIeBOA 9HeprHeA aKTHBaI(HH (HanpH-
Mep CTaHHHT HaTpHA), pe3yJbTaTOM CHH)KeHHA 9HeprHH aKTHBaUHH
npORBAeHHR 3epeH npH AAHTeJIbHOM CO3peBaHHH H T. n. HanpOTHB,
Alo6oe BO3AeACTBHe, npHBOAHU(ee K yBeAH4eHHIO gHCAa He9KCIIOHH-
pOBaHHbIX 3epeH, Tpe6yloU(HX BMCOKOA 9HeprHH aKTHBaILHH (HanpH-
Mep BBeAeHHe 6eH3OTpHa3OAa B IIpOHBHTeJIb), HPHBOAHT K yBeAH-
4eHHIO CeaeKTHBHOCTH npOBBAeHHH. B03MONCHIl, KaK Mbl y)Ke BHAeJ1H
Bblwe, CAy9aH, KorAa 9KCnepHMeHTaJ1bHO onpeAeAReMBR, CTaTHCTH-
ReCKH cpeAHRII 9HeprHH s nPOABAeHHH 9KCnOHHpOBaHHbIX H He9KC1Io-
HHPOBBHHMX yqaCTKOB CAOR OAHHBKOBa (6f ==61), HO npomBqeHHe,
PNC. 8. fipeAnoaaraeMrce KpxBde
pacnpeAeaexx^ 1HCAA 9MyAbCNOHHhIX
3epeH (N) no BeaxgHHaM 9HeprHH
?KTNBBLLNN (t) npOABAeHHB 9KCHOHH-
posaxHMZ (1) a He9KCnOHNpos*HHWX
(f)ygaCTKOB 4OTorpa4HgecKoro CAOA
npN yCAOBNH, gTO If = 41
TeM He McHee, npoTeKaeT ceJIeKTHBHO. 06'bRCHeHHe 9TOro o6cTOR-
TeJIbCTBa 6M-q0 AaHO Bblwe, KpOMe Toro, OHO MOMCeT 6bITb nORCHeHO
npH nOMO11H pHC. 8. KpHBbie 1 H f nOAO6Hbl, nO9TOMy 9KcnepHMeH-
TBAbHO onpeAeJ1ReMble BeJIHRHHbI tf H 41 OAHH8KOBM. OAHaKO, gHCAO
3epeH, o6AaAaiou(Hx AaHHOA 9HeprHef a, Ha noARX H3o6pa)KQHHR
6OAbwe, geM Ha nOARX ByaAH (B03MO)KHO, 'TO KpHBBR f HMeeT
BTOpOA MBKCHMyM, Ae)1CaUUH(1 B o6Aac'H 60AbwHX s, npHgeM gaCTb
KpHBOA f, o603HageHHax nyHKTHPOM Ha pHC. 8, AAA npORBACHHR
ByaAH He HMeeT npaKTHgecKorO 3Ha4eHHH).
* t
B 3aKA1ogeHHe CTaTbH aBTOp npHHOCHT rAy6OKyIO 6AarOAapHOCTb
'AeHy KOPpeCIIOHAeHTy AKaAeMHH HayK CCCP, npo(peccopy K. B. 4H-
6HCOBy 3a BHHMBHHe H nOAACp*Ky npH npOBeAeHHH BM weH3AO-
)KeHHOA pa6OTM. ABTOp 6AarOAapeH Tame CBOHM COTpyAHHKaM -
M. C. BOpOAKHHOA H B. In. aOHBTOBOA - 3a BMnoAHeHHe 9KCnepH-
McHTaJIbHOA 'BCTH pa6oTM.
JIHTEPATYPA
1 . W e 6 e p c T O B B. H., ?OToxNM. npou. 1933. F M 2, 31.
2. W e 6 e p c T o B B. H., XxMNa npoaaxreaeI x npo.Ba eix a. 1-oe NBAaNNe
r.uerNpou. MockIa. 1933.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
3. W e 6 e p C T o s B. H. IX, Congr. intern. de photographic act at appl., Pa-
ris, 1936. p. 357.
4. Henn R. W., Crabtree J. I. Journ. Phot. Sot, Amer., 1946, 12. 445
5. A p a o a bit U. C.. Aecceptanea, HHK4>H, Mocrsa, 1949.
6. A p ^ o a r it U. C., I n t o . A. A. Aora. AKait. Hayr CCCP, 1960, 73, 1213.
7. F o r t m 111 e r L. J., J a m e s T. H., P. S. A. Journ. Phot. Scl. and Techn.
1961, 17, B 102; 1952. 18, B. 76; 1953. 19, B, 109.
8. U r y a T., Journ. Soc. Scl. Phot. Japan, 1951, 14, 4.
9. F o r t m I 1 l e r L. J., James T. H., R. P. S. Centenary Conference, London,
Sept.. 1953; Journ. Soc. Mot. Pict. and Telev. En nrs, 1954, 62, 251.
10. S u g a i S., F u r u I c h l J., Journ. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1953, 8, 681; S u g a i S.
wposlum on Photogr. Sensitivity. Hakone, Vol. 1, Tokyo, 1956, page 139.
11. J a m e s T. H. V a n s e l o w W., P. S. A., Photogr. Scl. and Techn.,
1061, 1, 77.
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sout cu. a c6opwtre .?oTorpa+NVecKxe natep^aaw a npoueccid Ni o6pa6otur?.
No. HA, M. 1947, ctp. 207.
13. W a p a a u it z^ e s C. n. 4 e a i u o a B. C., )K. Nayqu. N np^ra. 4otorp.
^ K^^ewtorp., 1968, 3, 117.
14. W e 6 e p c t o s B. H., 5 o p o it r N N a M. C., )K. Naye^. N npNKa. $otorp.
^ ^tiewioep., 1958. 1, 118.
16. We6epctos B. H.. AoNaTosa B. n., )K. Nay+x. N np^u. $oTorp.
^ ass?sratorp., 1957, 2, 277.
16. We6epcto^ B. H., Tp. HHK?H, 1957, 10 (20), 77.
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?. Mocnaa. 1958.
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
Cmp.
17peAMcsosMe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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aexMn $OTorpa4Mgecxnx csoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
A 105184 foAn. r neg. 21/VI-1961 r. ?OpIUT 6. 7OX1081/14 06ibew 71/, n. 1
3m. 327 TNpax 500 sas. + 10 asTopuxe Ueaa 55 K.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246AO63100080001-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246A063100080001-2
ctp . I 4 w , I poKa
cwpa,
AgBr +- + Gel +-- Ag
Ag + Br - + Gel - Ag
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ceepxy TypW BdpawaioT Typd Bb1paCTaIOT
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/11/15: CIA-RDP80T00246A063100080001-2