A PAGEANT OF LOLO HISTORY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000100120076-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 138
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 18, 2012
• Sequence Number: 76
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/05/18 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100120076-5
A PAO1 T O1 LRLA I WPO1Y
(LAO d
t htc `\tn in 1Qwfl to tho 1oua1 people -Wuctho Pltoo. Whuthur
a~;od or young, man or won un, iii have intimute know1ed oft
~ ~ laoo
whioh no tribeu in athar druac o&s ~t~atnl t Nora tho tail horteo are
ca1i@d Wuoho horsc-a, Vino ocwa and f'at pi o are oa11ad Wrn+t, ow arid
Naha pi ;n, aria so on. fare tco, fino udd1aa aru made. Tone saddles
are vory aimilar to the ,ye11ow-f'1ower aadd1eo -nado in Kwoiuhow provinoo
exe?pt Lht they ~-r? anabl r acrd ii hter. 'lie Loloos ctro ao proud to
ow~~ suoh eadd1o o that they often ofL`e r high prio ,n for thorn. Tho eon ;
which is 4ufL in unison by tho people to aaoomptu~y tho dnndoe is uai1ed
tho Wuoho eons. `l'hio oon~ has baautitu1 rhyahna tend p1ec~ein tonne mFtn
~ y
trohaia wox'da ore ueod, ttLakin it very diffioult to unidoratand, 'r'oan
this ono os perceive that tho pla,co moot have had a l 1orious pact and
that the irnpressionn or? its past nn jo ty and t raardour are still indolibly
imprint~-d in the minds of the pooplo,
It in reaordod in Lobo history that, sfter having failed to find
a suitable location for hie capital in thu whole area, the 3'irst Lobo
kind; finally Bottled down of Toehupu and named it his oapital. To
place wan paid to have fine grazing land, and broad and fertile pbaina,
and the city was surrounded by r3 vers h.nd mountains, mekin it an im
prc~nabbo fortress. Ever since the Lobos havo rout1y praised the place
as wail as the wise ohoieo of their king. 1eoent1y, studies have been
made and the site of -Techulu han been proved to be 1oetted at Chan Tung.
low doeri this place have sunh iii t power to hold the imaginationa of
the L010087 Aooordirig to the Lnboes, tho piaoe 'had boon the oapitt1 of
the Lob kirigr and things there were wolf established. l~rorn other hiss
tarioai nouroes it is found thttt in the Sig 1Dynast when the,;~lount wt
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cEl
nth r hi a r~i1c, I h a kin dm an jayed t permed oprocpecity.
ktndoin "Wuokuo," 1r d tiro ho brou ht~ di1 the tr vos in the area
',.
a p r o n w 1i U kod by the people, octdbli~hbd hlmaal n the
of natthe t d wont rn Kweiohow, and he n x ed hie now
ton _ by i OlQ QY, ahaa u b 11P QQ ?u t o , ene r 1 by the rune off'
this it is natural to s o that Uhao Tn is h#hly dovolopod in campnrl?
con with the surroundiun nu'otto and that it hno booome the m?ooa oi' thc~
when thlc krrdom wac aanquored by the MF,ngo1, tiro heirs of Wuoehan
wore rdtpd by tine imperlsl aourta to admuictar the rrea. Frcuu-
In. FV)bt1TION AND DIVISION
that oubooxno of such evolution of different peoples is not uni#'orrn. Some
people wore pro ressive and survived, o~hors were baokwsrd and aithor
aori?tinued +;o be baokward up to bhe preaont duy, or disappeared en`4reiy
from he some. The ovolutioui of thy, Loloca in the region of the Ta
roup to a tripe rind honoe into a sooisby. It ie dlso observod that
off' bolo hitory, i iz obscrvod that y roup of
poeplo or society io tho product of a prooou of c'olution from a 8ma11
Ilan!; Mouni,sires hay o11owod the above-mentioned two prinoip1os.
y examinin g the hi oto ri oa 1 re do rd o, It i s found that before the
Yuan DYnarty in the s uthweot there was the city o f Nax oheo the i'oreM
runner of T1I' -M whose civt1i ation was; so highly developed th&t it could
almost compete with that of the in,orior. The retion round NInC;shu
i ,r.r.
+
u,
o -
n
WUS on int.11y YWTOFtuftfl, but it was later incorporeted
N
&
i
t
oarching further beak, one would ftd that before the hiu arid 1tor
Dynasbies this plaro had noon the scat of tho Stat~t of i htf nd paid trib.
Lute do the Icaperla1 cou'rte. Ten, before the Tang Dynasty, it was ti
historic d records. As to the present, ooadrding r~ thi La1oes, the
tab1ihed ag a dependont state. All theso 1n?orenc~oe cn be checked In
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SECRET:snnual Torch1iih Festival on June 2' off' the lunar calendar pivo`
~ohU end YUeao
~ V.. _ . _._ ~ ~~1%J (goo *p.
rv~ilir between Ian
s t Luoh&n in 6iehanr hone v swine. M
_ r~
pprrclix I). her,
E't
bhore wao a woman of eaohuan who wao married to the
rho otaryt grrec, rrnao
trtiba1 head of Nanashu whooe crrrneme VIM Mon. Aft' Yue+ ahuan was on
grrre(1t by r`rthu, th a womnn w?nt into tht ncunta1utcl oreuted this
a
e a
heru~ltac~ ant rsadad shore (sea appendix tV.
chr~.no ash r
TOFlay, in th' ro ian of Nin ;ohu, many shrines in nemory of a aor.
twin Ohinfi ~,ohun 1 oars be eund. S~'no off' those ahr Ines aro said to hovo
.
i
boon ersated by' Ohunohio of the Staf,e o' Teu, but to foot is that those
shrinos wore created at'ter the T .ng Lyrrasty. According to Lob4 o .err,
chi>rrcuhun,~wa s a Leto king. Exuninaticn of ?tho historioai reeords re
vQOla that fantso, the tribal hand t'f thar-ahiao, was givut- I;he title of
-
: Uhw 1la,. As ht: was a rather str ge4ookin and oct-like person, thorn
nC) doubt that the p r p1 t erected thooe shrinoc in s~crnrr~ry off' him Vafter
i
his death. Aiao, aooorcUri to Fu Srrn -win in his N stor oi' hit, the
well found at the east off` tho eity of Sieh ut ` was also er,eutod by
earthon
n :.eht . All theo.~ historical infer'enoas indioutc that the 4 tvi1i a-
tiorL of the ro~ion of Nirihu and Yunnan hart its viciuitud?o and that
the or~arria,tfon he territory had arranged arid roarrdned many times.
t
After the gtrn~ Uvnr~taty when tiro' Qovntry was tarn by d1ssention and porse-
, ~
r
cation, e8tfb1i8hed lNu kuo:. nd tha radian of Nin ehu was then
f
~u~shan
f naly 8e crated from Yw~rrn and boyano an indopertdar~t tnit. Aeoordin
p
to tho Lotoo s. many of the rc s idnnts in this re gi on have mi grato d to
areas while new imtnigronts have rndved in. Ta present conditions
abhor
in Ningshu reveal tho offects of such mavernorat.
the title of 'Cussu (hoac n of the Lo1ods )
After the Yuan Dyxtasty~
was onferred upon n Y persons and the territory was split into moxiy
~
op~-rate aniis ooeupied by differsnt roupo, sash uiiooncornod with the
s
hors. respite this the ma'or diti ons of t},s Lo1oes into rn ny tribes
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and the aontinu~d xstonue t foru~or ru1tn olaseu aro Ott rooo-
abl A stn aoa@r tin to the Loo, the tw rna or tribos, tiily
hti hl ok dnd Whito Lobos,` rre the dtroat deoaend?E~te o#' Kuh,it nct
and tho ntnor br boy s~ro r''1 tad to tho~o two ~rou a~ Tha uva u'
Ohuni,
bion of bhQ other ribeo ow}!'t bo aeoerftaifods ItoWevor, then' t8 no
doubt that the )tnvo boon ova latad by tho fjor tribda o they nlcr'
they
rail olaim to be tho d?~and?rt~ oi' Kuhtu and shunt.
AooorKtin to reoo~dod t~oio history, Kuheu and t;hun& wor6 two
~f
c d woro the ioadors of two tribes. Ac the etOI7 oeo, Kuhou led
brothor
led his tribo and mi rtifed to the right while Ohuni lod his tribe inc
~
f
ted to the left, arict Kuhov had nin? ceal? whilo Ohur had only ono
mi~ra
4 is t? o&Y that both tri.boo ortxinally livod around tho oity
of' o Tuna. Lator, Kuheu (Lnd his tribe Lr.1 rated oartwarcic end ttnn
~ha
weakwards, while Chuni and his bribe siiratad northwards uric thou wectwa~rde.
Tho heirs oi' Kuheu reoeiv d more horrors ari4 titlec from the trnporirjl
that of Ohuni. Howovor, the hoirs of Chuni oor~trolled o
courts tt.an
lar er area and had a hither reputation. from this it is seers ghat the
t?rritorial distribution between the two tribes not only had its dis?
tinot historiatl origin, but also thl t suoh distribution r st~ltoct from
lashes between tho bwo tribes. It is reoorded to anothor
a eQr ic.e of a
Lolo book that orioe there was a Tussu by thEj nttne of Pine who had throe
eldor or n&utincI iruotu or Kuheu, the 'second named Wuotee or
sans, the
un .o st named Wuoi eu s3 wuo a was a stabi ?and well d8-'
hni, end the yo~
.
oiplined person who preferred to stay at home whi1J the other two left
Chair udvenbure- Aooordir~ to this book, Wu' took all his peruoral
. s ~
h $ and moved into the mau~atsains which were wavered with avow fttl4
bolnni
pine gees, whtlo Wuo4se moved into Cho rs-sey ploins
rowrt with ts,1.~ and gathered. around hint group of loyal supporters. The two of me into
oonfltot wig ch other and they y had five fbrod lattle. In the .first
tyl C o
battle, yKuheu trxsformod hinisolf into rain anl, .huni into w td end
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they u ht ~- in t f*oh other, but w viator'y wno n~4 by of Chop,
Ih the b t tlo, Qh mt to rno ' in t~- + tip r t i hou into
domo~t o ital. The 4oinoatto entmai ren bet'ere the ti~or the
A r
tt r battle whore -Kuhow rnsd intc wait and Ghuni into ,the
pig pravoct1 o bo no rn toh ?or the wvit. In the fourth b ttrle, s h i
turnod into a `owl u t K~ hou int6 ?, l:o f' w1 bar 1; aoartn
loath. Ire the fifth battle, f htti turn a 34'ot1p ofi pteplo and
Kuhe~t ina monk; the monk lriyrU hie amts wand but ho iid riot win
the bat~io ad theoolra were rr~any in numbor. As tho battt turnod-nto
a stalemate, Arroi hapa orirno dovrr~ frotr~ hoavan to ?~rorlato but ho had no
i.sok. AnLo1 Lopt& waa 1~tor f'ai1owe1 by An al ?Wuowtt, but all atternr is
At mr3dirit1on wore of no wail. After lon hours oL fi1htiz , both
and 4n4 woro wounded and exhrtuated, t~oiustantly they reaahod n truss
and later took i oath, with a aoitrnn oorernony of dippinj tho ?in hro
into biood, lain that they would nevor a ain `i ht a6ainat oaoh
ot;hor. Lator, rnarria~o botwaon the two trtbos was arran,ad as a rr &n'fand W'u
~ i ~~ Tnree
I1Tnporors e.nd tho Pivo Kings), whiie they often gue~ Lien the va1.dity of
each other's claims. Therefore, it i~ impossible to sny that ahoy X11
~) i / :r
are pure blond relatives` of 4Kuhu d ~hunj,
2. Aouording to the Cokes, originally the eldest son in the
f~n,Ily
vies givon thtitle of Pussu and the two younger sans becwne 1t k anal
jfl
ri i-!f
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V'hio boioo roeoativoi~r, Tip~a?rt of U inoorI'~ot baM~o the titio
off' o wt nt v n tc~ the older W fl but wao ~iven to indi ct
duals h vi t h vi rtor t, Thin point ho boon ovot'3bo pd by the Lo1ooa.
=@tw$ M-I the U1ItAk axid the fh1 ~~Q AAA, lthw h thorn i8 riut
tiootion, niany of the 11aoks h vo bacomo Whits chroo h rIhr'ria} e,
GapbUro in tim~a of'' war, or othor stnii r pouf ak Th?f~r 'oto, thou h
hh~ Mok ~ trhith Loin htvo t aoriwton origin, the di of pion i o not
puro.
3. Alt ou&h both the ptun . of ?tima aid the i wrou~o to popui tion
hF~vo oon't;ributgd to the division off' the Leioos into aoparato trihos, the
prirninry oouse is tho deiiborato soparttion a,trot thrr mornbars oi" o, fa-nily
t ) eotablish thoir owrt hoinoo in separato arena, to adopt diVL`ront r~ln,nos,
ani1 to ee t bl iah distinot unit t .
1110 TE T;FWI'rORIAL u visioN Aflp TFr OF
THh LOLOS IN 5 EO}flJAN- ANL~ Hi~At
To the aeoplo of th? hutsido world, tho unassimilated Lolool in
w~
~@ n 3 k w 4
the Provinocrs of ee Juan rind S4 k4 are ull oate orioall,y called by
the name of "he Lolooa of Ta and Sh oe Lining Shan," or "The i-~ar o and
Snnail Liam; Moui b in Lobes." Those Lobos who live near the oitiet ` t ve
been bruu ht under tho jur sdiotion of the Ina 3.s rates. To thc Lobes
thorasovds, tho Lotoland is dtvidod into fiva_ ragion84 The aroa southwest
or the:, -I 1ttver and oast of Ohaaeho sr,d Puhsiun is called 1criteg1on,"
and the roeidonts therein are called 'hrs." In ;his rogion, tho major
tribes are ro, 5, lea, and, Pa,pu. The aros,4 around 61r`,
i
, Ningiung, tM nrt n i and ' ewu is called "& h4 a Reginn.,'r arse
the major tribes e re i, Liu, Lghun, -Wtbs, and Lomi. The Bares
Tl/, ,; _sf. /; _ +i?
south of en and O - and arorzbd Pk-e-, Tientai, b+ 1 ntt Ptwei
18 nailed 'Li Region"; the major tribes are Irei? Wuotno ' pia, Chi; i,
" .a ~'I ~ , f r / l ~' e4 ;'~~tz? hj yi , ? ,
Pji; he I&roa around weM4 in southern is oalled
''4tl: Rogion "and th.9 major tribes ttre"lit Gi-i, La u, ~n.d thi
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i,t eared "UU fto~iona" ~r-~ tU~ t~ibot~ fro
;
Th~ ~roa south 9~ ~wel '
Lung o Rr~n ar?uod
tho~* ?1 tho su~~~o of
Q Mme' t wad ifhftbitod
,In4 _~x1 woo oinisl~y ~ lid
by th9 l+oloee only attar the Vhin Wfl1Y'
ntiralY inha1)ihod by 1ovao M a the nwnbar off' the navo tribes
o the ~
Vr t(ItrBhinl lams
Riah '(i `en - ji ~ and Mifo, i s doe roes%n
s ~ ~
tho ua~'Int, t~~~ t`At~~tdi~~~ o~ the
~~olao s migrated thoro ~`
aad to j o therO by g to moans or e1aho2'+ At tho
Ro~ut)l~e, thworo nor
a ~n s are r~~arit~` a
~rihQbittflta it this rQtions th Sht4 Loloo ~fl tha nd
torrit?ry' ` by = Ukt LAloos Q~g bo found only
they oaQUpy the largea
Y east of Ynenynart and en ~d thoy a ra in the mina ri ty uva~~ ~hrf~~~ ~~-
~'uenp~
t
;8? tt ThQ rat 01' the fraa to aal ifld Shihrtsa Re-
bh'~ r4.~ on iQ ar11ed
ctor. See miipf appondix ni')
nviror1m0nt, there ire marked diaaimi-
Uwin~ to the dif`terenoe in
i' the inhabitants in the several ra~ions.
larities in the ohe-raaterietiae o
The oharaoteriatios are as to11owe I
(A) 4o
s different tribos are rather tightly kit. IL
In this region, th
there were a thraat from the outside, they would all rise up andrasist
; if an eonnomia need aroso, they would pler- to~ethar; ir a woman were
i ~
tribe would coma to take part in the w'~dding
e~tin~ murriQdr the whol
and to dive assis~ancati 1i there were anyone in povertY or dire ss1 rew
lief would be iven. Thia re~1on ~ s now ttsrowin1 raptdly, and
~
i~nediately ,y
~
3.ts tdx?ritorY is row many times its original sie
T+1e i-o'Lo? in this regian like to use the term
s
very food or high alas s ~ 'gip., think that ~verythin.g they have made is
stressed; the crafts of iror-work~ p1umbt , cop"
gdod1e ~d~1dXC~"~,~~N l~ro
even
hei'ware, and S11" are all t' ound here i and th?~.r prj1uobs are
use en or peddler. Poople who vaish to
~o1d in the other regions by jo
irik that this region is the oily plaoo to learn
learn these crafts also th
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thin. bow ftfld ~rrowrmpur, home! fehip, Rn(t dra~1c fl1
are o;naidQred by thus
n this ro ion the pQQple rare noted` i'or tho r bravery nc1 re ari-
~
e, In tune of fi .htin, hQOO 1NhO iower their hQada world he
Aun
aa
QO rad1 "Ti, yvu t to hide truth the bullet then who is to atop it?"
a
e 1Awarin onop head h time of ?'i htini is oonaidered to bo
ttonn-
b
r o When one i~ hit by a ballot, one is net to roan or pain but
m~rat bear it or even ?'aoe death without ehowifR the elihteat oar.
in battl a, thou often its root in Sood Qrnation . In ell fihtif~, the
laalc Loiooe aro tho r@al oornbatt nta, wherH H the `+ Mte Lolooa a taY in
tho rear to supply provisions and emmunition.
Tho Lo31ooe in Chia roSiohovo a deep rospoot for their own past,
nd they ar4 proud to rooount tho horoio deeds of their tnoeataru. The
aro honorod and the abed are reapdoteds As a people they
of+i aus?toma
tire vry truetworth y* Matters oonaerning the pttblio tter ut of the
trive ar dooldeti by r 'et are s+ Furthermore, they era a vary self-rQSpeotin
penpie. Any humiliation by their oaptoru in time oi' war would be violently
resisted. Ihoy oftoa look down on people of other trivos.
(B) ShihRtse
his re ion, the poopie are rostiese twd very oompeti:tive as
In t ~
imi to ti. vo . 11owd ve r, they ro e 1 s n known to be a vo ry de*
well as very
aoitful and untruetwarthy ao ~e ? 'choir love of pro-ernInonoa ie unrnatohed
p p
by peo le in the other re tons In whate'ter they do or wear, they azweyQ
p
wit to outth others. Another chdraoteriatia is that they ere very san-
tive and bad?tumperod, so than they often fight amon theuteolvea end
si
~rs,nr-ot unite to resiub enorot olvnont by outoidere. In faot, they are
ot`tan teed by others its tools ettd pewn
The people hero lard very gener& uu. Great entphaeie 1s pla;ved on
money snd they lse u pen sd it rather wastefuliy. Aithouh breve in battle E
e
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EcaEi
they 1 uk; diaaipitno ao wtli au ~atiaol i'vrma1ien . Thoy ~v~- na Q t
renp of i`ou tks< Qlc~ Pooplow @y like rtov~ thitI o fld oa iiy Q' t rho
OW Thos r r tune with their ro1ativou art not toy oordial, onnity
aeon p revai 1iri aeon thorn.
'ho people hurt oro eoatte rod t r i diaunitod. lh Cho i? et Vow
doetdea, duo to autuida intti ttiot a, they hr vt b OHO ~O puepiotOUt 0t
otie anathor that th oxtror~ oaaot c tern ki11if hiU owf tether, the
D1ack killirt; the Thito, often ooottr. uoh eharro ul oortditiprte not only
uaueo the broakdowt3 oD Cho iooioty but thfa f orm of auoh cI uo o throat;on
to aproad to tho other rvion6.
S
The people in thole two rc~iona `arb very ooneorvftivo in that they
sti1i' Olin to their old ouctom. Should i nyono in ?thcir mide~ o1 tompt
to c111u u Cho mt~nor of eti~tt- or drozt ru,, he would bo o r eidorad by
othern as ein a 1una:tio. As an exatnplp of thin ova; eorvatism, althouh,
there is a differenoe botwoez1 tho dre-et of tht male and female, thorn is
rio differettoa between that cf" the old and tho young. Honosty and modaaty
arc aoneidered to be virtues; 'ahoy arc thrifty and trustworthy. If
they lived -on tht, above two ruupc~ Choy would defttoly be dominated
by tho otht rs
Thoy have no raspeet for ahat3t;iky. They nte,rry at a rtthox 1hter
a e and the population is th~reforo ~ml1* lr~ eithor working or fiht1n,
~a
they l.ok ndurar o end atam.lrta end cannot cdmpetc with peoplc+ t to
other regions. As a pooplc, they are vary dif fidcmt and lazy and honoo
they hav? l~rt clip Choir opportwiities for advanoonv nt. Those arc the
impedimente bo their pro ror~s. lri ba.ttlc, the woapone they use tutd the
thatit, they omplpy t r ail vc r'y poor, and they often suffer roat lone'
They aro vrv ~uporsttious+ They like to -talk but fail to acts
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(1)
tn thi a thO n~ba x Qi ~
aa~?oibl~ to ~thO othtfl' tribaa~ m&1Y Q~
io alight, ~aaa~~aa they ~r! !t
- Vhi~o ao? ~aaa pa~~la ha~v? no und~r~
th~~ai have baa~~ aaaimt~,t,tad by tt'a
r1tri~ar~ QV Choi:~ awn to epaak at"
ot~dine o~ ether or4t;ure~ aid ~tQ ao
v? OFI1tA,L
e dro tha oh~rttateriatioa at' ti~a
Tha ohar~ut~rietiae s~atac~ a,~auv
~aaeVa'~ thQxe ad'a soma ~tnoral oliarto tor-
paol' i~ the aopat'ate rofiano i
i kith o e oomman to t1) a
rd ou crior haw ~fio~ntl~in Lolaea
(A) bolas ta ?a ente;ll
~-e high mounta~x -~ arQ ~hyeiaal'1~}, r~ Y
`i`ha Lvlaae who d~rd'~l an t _
.xiii ntarally suporior to those who (1twell an rho lore meuu1bt3.ihcr. Also, as
time t;oec an, thv low moUfltain boloec; will de1'thit$ly mo~r? to the. high
era t ~'i rat ~ a1l;han Ch tho weather i s
mo~rrtdina? Tho x?ar~os~e for phis M
'is thero have no ahnaeptian ?~ sex-ita
fine an the low in1ow tainat tho Lola
tion and h~anae they o#`ton su, ie fl frcnm euth diuee.sge ae malaria, dysente7'Y~
second, the Lalaas are a ~~ietoral
ohalEjxct, strturPu'Y- o~d small pox
for ~atmrin~ but not or hnrdiriL,. In
a?nle. 'rho plataaus era load
_ ins the weather ~s mush cooler and there
0 on tree t, on the hi ~h mv~ata
are f rrif at-d ho rcUf aro both -~ oic r a
ig l~~e aontc'~iar~s disea 3
a v~oakex 'khan the ~laak Lalbes
(A )-
reNicris, Chore is tho disbinotian betwoon
In all Choee 1a~k and
~
l-o sae ? The B1ot31 bolo?s live it ~ x om Cho. ajttts, httvt pr~-otiaally
Whit-e 1
y i~ hztve no ltov~ledc~~ the UhinQ ae latr~ue
no aan~~aat w~.~h the Chinese, ~
areas
other hand, the ry~ite LIoloee lure in where
' . On the
e,rid way oI: liie
Cho ov~rn~rit hao exeroisa~ effective aontxal and many of them tyre
the ~'hitos aro more aaaam
ruled by `CussUe. In inattex~s of ~ es
the ~lacks. It the last dew deaad i
liehed, but they` are ou~untibored by'
p
far exam~la many of
the Whites have been in a dieadvant~eous osition.
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, auvh ae the Yeun Partly at Rtpo -~
the former aeua have d eepqeevd
the Tu d 'arai .1; o g hi i the Lu F i at .1 0 1-~ the An Iamt1 r
ut ~~rgaho, end tho W n1tn Family at M h tun . Bt id?e there, there are.
aterr who h4ive boon compelled to mints too ohur areas, ruuh er the
:, ; ,#
i ration of to y River, ?ot the PW Roily #'rorr Yi w hi to
puheiWtt, and oi' toi' bank to uheoal o. AU there inoidontti aro appailing.
Why ero the White Loloea, with their ihr reputation, thEir o -ntrol oL'
suoh srec>`, cued the backing of the goveruAont, tho viotimo of tho baokwurd
blaok Loloes? Tore are Bevora1 reu onr for this. 'iret, a Tuee~s it
Egypt to rely on hie b~a1ief that thu tide io hi~rk ditary nU thaat ~o
long ao by is the eider on in tho V'xnily, hiffi tuture ie aeaured. With
cuoh i11ueion8 in mind, ho often 1cri is a dot;onor;etc liVo end i nor?o all
1 is d~ttioo and rponsibiiitics. With ro~peot to the Offaire of yho
people, ho has ro interest. 1n fact, ho dooe not like to aee other
people ;t sting fhoe,d of him, exoap1 that he axcec~uragee tho othorp to
bo obedient Eutd courteous. He doos not liko to soe poop1Fi br,~vo for
that may+r cause him muoh trouble in set 1i-ig tho disputoo which may arise.
The result is thl t he beoomos co foeb1e that he is inoapnb1o of reoistir~g
tho anuroeahc~ent of the h1aok Lobes.
Sooond, the strErh~Es thing 10 _thet within the family of a Tusou,
to brothors are, eo d rule, inoompo,t1b1e with no anothbr, erg that thoy
often a1eah fierdo1y. Aa the otkyisg goer "Pc he a siragie child is
the wisest paiior." Therefore, a Tueou does n?t liko to have mtircy chil-
dren- The rosu1t le that tho number of White Loloeo i:s grEtduai1y decreu-
ingn
Third, a Tu tti i,s held reoponsib1e for the E~ffe ro in tho area
urtdnr his control, Any a iodmp1ishmerrt he htas made ho reastveo no cred1t
1'o1 O i the other hand, should anything go wrong he will bo held re-
sporjsib1e. In, ereas whore the hieok Loloeo reside, ei1 things nan hap-
pen: murder, robbory, E du1tury, and whet riot. If the Tuou wanto to
have such crimes punished, ha will around the enmity of the Bieol~ Laioes;
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ho dooa not do ao, ho wUl bo hold to ~aaou b ovon fist tho extdnt of
bath x ~ own hood. din euah a dil'1(Ut , 1B U8 ? of tho ' a ua ctonsidor
iv:ng by the title and boeouIn; h:?k L -lorao~ but hi tits has boos
etarit'orr d by tho governfe 1t and they urd afvaid to t~pore teh tho govern -
wont for roar of p-hmant. Trottora, rotuatantiy, they kap tho
title and owu11ow thuir tears. hurthermore, tnon u o ~-11 eol 'ieli and
soli'-e ekin and it is nitura1 that the wino aor~toundo tPm t`oo1ieh, tho
atron R ofarouohoe upon tho v-~atc. Ih th ars of Ninohu, where tho
dis?
Chtr t o rid the Lo1ooo live togathor, in mattoro of trodo or 1u1
putoo the Lo1ava ere a1woya tho viot too of to 'hive tic Whenuoh.
di oput?a ooaur, itho Vhinose h avo tho bookfhs of tho poverrtinont whilt
the Lo1oo~ have otto uxopt the Tuaeu (who is unub1tt to do anything
ht it- But the Pu uu a under tha ovornmor~t, and ii ho dooa not
ao
ivs oonoosaiona, he will t'oeo the d ut er of 1osih hire propartiea or
oven c)f botnL r exdo13ed from tho wren. :n short, the Twuni beoomea tha
,
taret of both the Chino ao and the Lobos.
The bovo nio only somo outatandin examples. Thare are rtumoroua
othor exarp1es which would dofy deoariptioh+ In ot~y oaae, from thu above
oxatnple$. the reader on dot a ?onoral doa of the atron :th oi' the
91aok Loioas and the weak osa o1' the white Lo1o?a.
(C) reasons for tha Strap ~th of tho Mack Lolooa
Where is a common sayinf that o 'hssu has to bank on the people.
That is to that the hlaok Lo1oea Lar outnurber tho yhito Lo1oea and
as
y
that thu Slack Lo1oos have buaomo such powerful t'oroe thdt ~- Tunsu
riot i are them. One of the reaaar-e for tho strength of the B1aok
dares
Lo1oea is that when o Took Lobo oomea of ale ho wants to eatab1ish his
own homo~ l aoh pttrent can have many relatives through the marriage of
n, These re1n,tivoa will unite with him t devoioping rind oda
his ahildr
vranoin~ their oommon interest. Furthermore tho Black Lo1ocjs are rioted
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the blaok' oeo iiva in Ora ft outside the ur adietioI 6 the
hr very 4 determination re 'unmr tohed nn' pthor trioo. In addition,
for their bravery{ in bttA ahoy dotorrftined to win e' dire-uvh
Und r auah oendtttAn~ by anu iinc, murder, td robbery, they have in-
oree,aod thou wealth Ind atrenth. Sroh batA th? ease, how oan thr
V+hibo Lc~ioes aorr ota with them? ?inlall s, the l ok Lo1ooa 1 va in the
rtod mountair1s with traaahe:'aua mouMain posaed whtuh ark mpraEnfble
to attack by the outaida world. Bedidos, thoir villea are spread
hrau~hout the arot and thoee viilaoa i'nao each othcir? so that the in-
habitants on gaily aom w iaate with oaoh othor. In tho event of arty
nbtaok Lrom tho ou uido, thoy oan quiokly aaseribie to to bush and vanquish
tho invadorm. Torot'ore, with thoir bravory, their advantagooua pooitiona,
nri t tha4ir ro xativoo, thu l laok Lo1octa Ieavo no room ?or thu 1Nhi tea to
a onpvta with them
(D) To Lnl oo s Lika to Make Eriornie of Dthurri,
that in any df spute over territory, manila e, 1t to or reputation, both
This nib only deoirnat?a the population bf.t it also oausoa tremon-
doua loan of property and distiarba thu peaee cif the aoaioty. Such unM
f'r)rtunate inoidonts ere surely lo.montabie Aa to the oawaao of ~uah en-
ni ty, they have be on otters overlooked. In order to give tho ruder a
better underettndin~ of such problems, l now dive the to11owin reasons;
1. The Lobes are too prone tr have the love of pre-ominenae, so
~~:des in the dispute would refuse to dive around in ordor to pr+onorva
their honor aicl dignity. Aa a result, onmity is oretted which not only
eauaoe 311 feeling anror!ig the prosent enortion, but it will 1st for
several generations, everyone anrlsta1t1y way tiny f'or an opportunity for
revenge.
They ~e to prone to help thtrir relatlvds. never their
re1eMives are entangled by a dispute, they would meko the dispute their
own. As a Suit, the enemies of their relatives beoomo their enemies.
This enmity will also last f'or several generations.
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3, Minor dieputoe within the tribe v bo settled thrau the
McUi tiQn tho tilde ?, bud Uft j I1 diePUt a er~ d oputo b .twuen di terent
trtbee QVten hrvo no hapo eotti mont or, even tL' u aanpromiee ie
reluatantiy reaohed, eaoh lido etil1 boievoe tht~t it hue been torood to
ve more oQHoeeaione thin the othor aide. Henoe, they owi tantly look
f'o rwe- rid to tn~ fu ~u ro for rever}Eo
Tho abovf ire only' eomc of the :Ettjjork oneoeo of enmity botwoen the
Lolooe? ~)thor oeUeee, auoh uts drunkonr~sau, rieunderetandin eW tho lan-
xuu;o, or othor similar factors also produoa irony unrroaoeeery ?oniiote.
Raauntiy the arrisr,n in tho Loloiand has a o Istterrpte to utilise thu
Loiou~ to rule the`Loiees. By bribory Arid inetiation, it makes tho
Lo10 v0 1i ht among thorn 0e1vos. Thiti ie i vary ahwnafu1 th`n and it
rnunt be brought to a e top
lri tho abovo, tha underi.y'ir- roa,aonu for tho superiority of the
32aak Lolocs over tho V(hite boloes have been stated and &nrtiysedr It
hire a::fie bean painted out that the riae in strength of the dlaok Loloea
not only cannot be chocked by the Vrhitee, but that oven the joverriment
ft=ads it Lt mutter very diL'viauit to oopo with.
( B ) `the ~hcit~eoteristidj s_ t! S h? al n he Iona or -Yuar~yurcri a -d
Yuecipien
Aa was pointed out earlier in this chapter, the Loloec in tho
r + Tana of =Xu nyuaf Xid xYuenptvn are new im i greflta? Orioe settled it e,
nuw envircrruiunt, these toioee have inttrked diff'ererioea in their oharaoter?
istias from those in tho other rogions. Those charaoteristics are vary
important and hortoe e.re epeciaiiy stated here.
In thaw two re~iona, the original r t1ver~ belong to many rtif?
Y l a ~ `7 )i i ,
fererit race such as the Mieos, the 1~en e, tha: t e -t4-auea, the
the Ku huiigs, the Miragphoe, and others. Among these races,
oomo of them still retain their huddhiet isnuae and rustoms. When
the Loloaa migroMed into these regions, they mutated may of the ways
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In tiJno of mast of the work and tiol are shau3derect by the women..
ease
p ~
to enable the men to take ch trgo of dofunse? Toir houses are
in orda r
all build with wart1mO noods in miri.d &ad thou utensils c n be easily
nverted iota w~ap?rs ref war. A~ to the rinethods ai' rearm children
co ,,
whAr, opportunity arises. Tore tore, in kottle they van ,always
oi~ olement
dafoat enemy of numoxi s1apariorit'Y. lz~ time of war, the woman
an dal,
~nks,gu in r.otual comb-t, .t which they arc no 1es~o officient than the m?n?
y
Suffeient i'~aerves are always made ready for an
lonking movements.
earoh i ror a erato is location !'nr p nitration instead of the use of
s s
t'his om; h~-sipe thu use of surprico attack inffitead of frontal atta?k
~s
ship and militsx'r taotios of the p op1e of ~ With thou oven
1
crd thoao taatios into a toohhique of thoir own.
onius thuyhave develop
ualinF diso~se, t ion?rallymulate the people of~
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of 1-It' or h~ nat vo8. ' odRy, whethot' 1fQk or W)%ite~ M~f or wvm n,
t atfl ~ uak moro the *n~ end uomf o
~p1'fk ee many as sevon or oi;ht. They Aw haw to flao end ~fl4
w quite wull eomo i tci1U t toaohin e. Tororor+e, tin 1-oiuoo
they over4 knQ
a axo more proeret4oive thpn thoao o1oowhero.
icy thooo reion
In the o tv o ru ion the torritary i~ rithor i r ,o n tern o
the population. Afor tho Lo1coa ovec1 th?ru, thoy inetitutod may
?te and hrtvo turnod the barren: mountaifM icta~ o.rt~bTe
roQlanuntion proje
lUad with graas ~ohoa. Today, h~c'6 ar-d
lends c th? soil hae boon i arti
oloea haPpily h rvcstin thu truit6 of their
shore, 0110 can oau tha
labor. Seeidus, by prima1 hunbdrY, they hvo irprcved tha liveotook
h horsey, aatblc, Shoop, tr-d_pi a, arid by huxtth ' in thou aparo
suo as
havo irunoci oly ~nareusud their ~vaalth. Some of tho Lobos own
titno Choy
r td win the rospoat and athtriration of others. !3en1des
thting they da
they art' All ph=: ioally etren and able, anal have lattrred tho horsemuY '
as five thousand shaop and on thousafd hc+ad actttle?
ag Many
onri the Lolaes a1ta brave but not reai'iou?.
Ralixin.:, , ti that thoy aro in a new en{,lronmont, they are trying ?to do every.
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For tho i'oanc'nt` at ted a:bovo, tho Lo1oo~ to thone two s nre
not on1i phyatctlty r3trch! but h1~o nont~lly 6ound~
huvo wtrtor aontootn with thb outstdo world. Many f them ~r now atrr~lytnf
nnriy ' thorn often trvo1 to the other p rats or thv country tino heno i
thore to to ro~ntng r~ptd1Y. Ono off' tho mcnt onoorrrn to thinis that
or aorvtng to tho tntertor. shun vwoa pa atn through thane two re'
gi{)na a nrrraber oLi very rre, 1 vrar~ wcts-rT~l ?o rneot irony Loloon who hact
C
atudi@{ or' noVod }rt 3 ohutrl dtrd uim ui Pr'ovtnuoa. T T, ul do t01d that
there wore r urnbor obi buck Loloer ho1Unf auuh high pontti?nn regi-
rhrwrrt$1 or brattalton ooniri1rLdora quid ma atrutea. Among the yourp art ra-
tion thoro is a 4trForr, dr atre to tarn nrid thoy of rt antly ure that rsuhoala
ba ontabliahod t'or them. Tia, in aontront wit r tho 1ooQ to the rogiort
oi' LiM~ her Who pro t'ra; d to nor oonta t with tho (Tinoao ?or ?4eor
of bin 4 ao+~tmilated or oi' r ctni personal day gcr, is like & oomportaan
bot'wuon tho hryavcrt and thu earth.
exp ~otutiornc #'&r he Labe there. It is my i'orvont hope thrtt the ;avernw
nt ut urtd the t`orward-looktng peoplo of tho country, by words arid dectc,
willtvo more enurernent to thoao peoplt~ in ordezthat Choy may hf_ve
Chu opporiuntty of mrtkirig thour worthy ocrntrtbutione to the catuntr.
Thu ILbvvo cre OOUte of my impreaaiona of tho regiortt of Yuonyu n
and Yuenpien. aoh time 1 viwit these re,lons, 1 cannot help but hrtve
COt1 C U1 8 107 S
ail f'e,ota obta1ndd through long years of study and obrtervatlon. Many
The t bovo dotariptiarrs and tnlalysos of the terr~tor1a1 division atcd
the ahat'aoi eristios of the Lobos are not more tnventtoris of mine but are
what t hv~ written ~tre all eternal truths, I w:ud like to dve the
Lebo boars urtd reoordu have been aonsu1ted and tnvestig tions hive been
made by trn1ktg to many o1dars of the Loloec, Although, `t cannot day thtt
reader to aaoept the generai abservt ionse NOW, in ordeato givo thc~
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~ ~h awr~Al~~do
r~ndor eom~ uri~orncU~-~ ~V thw alaas, vi~ to my QbrvIL-
bona with tho VoU1oW f rprngrka ?
Ao to the wont arct cte eata off' the Le1QOL, in @n rat, the
L o o u are ronQ to thine thi&t t I ' U 6a 5t Of Phi' 1l ` h~
reai~t n fl, di aoaaea ~ ThireVora, they shun al - talk ~-V saltation.
oan
au t i that the ht va beoome the viotime a their own props an(ta
Methor thin is that they a ye toe gaud to aee#at their relat vea,
2. rtt ie my observation that w'hQre the area a ' mavement is 1aror
tho p4op1o are ii~ore pro reave. In the taut huxtdred y era, tho ro ion
e .
eooupied by the Loae is the 1urQet with the areaf QV Shtta a4uti
oootpyir- j the ?oond and the third poet ions. In thoso ar&aa, the LQioeB
area, of ho. Ae already atatri L, thy! L ~1oas it these two argue h ~vt widor
(i` hihtta who init ratod to the rcgions off` ?rt n wkfl and Yuet~~i nd~ whioh
aoet are#r c, rare II )W +van eupc rtor to the Lolooa ire the
a~ a new the 1r
interior. This muy be the key to the dovolopment and ad a,noomont of the
CCj. tents with the Uhin ee and many of them h vo bean oduoitod in the
3 E 'rho white Lo1oeg are in a taro of tranotorrutIon. As rioted
bet'ore the White Lolaoe are in great trouble and co fthe dander of
bein 1 exterminated. However, in reoeltt years, many of tho Tunsuc tire
boing Lradua1y awtkor~ed and they are be inr= X t tQ r form themselvese
~,
1~ the gavoranent would ivo some ortooura ement to them, wo might soon
. s
see a new ard rogororated people oomin into being.
naaura ..e~-ieht should be Iver- to the Lo1oee to retain what Is
::trod in the old and to acoopt what Is }?:yod In the new. V4hethnr with
inaiviaual or tribe, the cause of dofeat is 1tr ;e1y ue to tho Inubt 1ity
to distinguish what is bid i'rotn what is ;ood. or example tht lobes
i
the region of Yiln?Mstiok to their old customs wIthout the rottenness
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w {iah of'tan ro ulte in muoh unn ooaittry troub a ~n 1 bioodahod
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thti1t cuetom, whU@ the Lcloss 5n
the ra~ian Rf 8hiticsg blindly
+~I1 now thin ;o nn throw awa r ail in ao which old, Alain, tho
o1ao 1& the ro ion of in t o and (th wohh ainrot diotir ;n ~h whit i~
food Vrom what io bad, but ompiy and blindly follow othor poop1Q. In
o ntraot, the ko1ot in he r iono of Yu rtyu in and Moon ien-rotain the
old virtooa while ocntantly obsorbin, new idoa~, n that, they prorooa
r p d1yM Throforo, order to }i 1p the Loloor to olcvdto ther~r o vee
from thoir ptinitivo and aokwari otatua, it i&i noooooar to onooor& u
them to aooopt and aboorb ~ihF~t is ?ood in a1`L thin, whether it be
old or n(W. Aoc1 of oc-oroo, in order to da thit, odooi.tion mint rirot
bo liven them,
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Thy JbAry ~P The. 1a19 ~?pth@r
T Ktl a ' h Ktn do oV Yuo hi w ~ mind 'fin., rid tha }1 t i
Qf 'the Kt ti QM off' tT ahno, whtoh we a o i ~ctMon -she Thto, w~ n od
The twQ f1~ani1ier3 woro rotated tit trsI tHt- tnC. hip the Q 1to'tun1,tY QIi ov ' the Q
ftQ a1 the 1orai govor am nt~. ifptttc bot~s'oon the ~b n a and
tho 4Q1oo pro o'trn mod T tor! b;t thos?a p Qp M ptto tit 'aQt that
tho Lo:L E f %' tf o1r c1 to ivotmm. Th +F~ poop1~ pro vorY ?.
ch aW1 s l'~ a*in poop1,and the Fr oL'tw dwium rictioulouc gum
t o m c U : to tht d .s aut acrd the ? ttr tho toi or thclti o .ti of cloa
to tuo sottlirt oi' disputos by th cota.rt:. Evori iJ' tlms pooplo do
not stop tht caps trot o:th to the ccux't, tha,k~ cctrtspiro to ?thor
tc rliotovt tho Facto. 'ftirct, in tI ha ?' ins, oC crts o in this court
in th f b ordar tiro, L tvori tisr o 'ton civon by tho c urto to the
Chinosc, "rho Loloec, b?in LLb1d to spaak no Chincce, or at lortst
a 1itt1brOk f Chi rtoso, ca it otl truly r 'nt tlh r I?ievtricHlf,
The Chine-oa, booidoo i)oir1 r an ~vvanttn ;oo'.W po tti n to pi'oorTtt
their cases, can bribe th~4; oi'1...ci ~Lr to juc ;e caor; i their Lavor.
As a rst:t1t:t, whenever ho Lolocs world go to the courts, they would
lose th ij? oast (meter attar c ondi t .:ens, they have i ui.rncd that to
go to court is uooless rtuist rice and to theta the best policy is
thercrore. riot to g ; to crurt. Finally, the T.Roloos live in areas
fr avray i'rom the courts, and even if then want to ro to the courts,
they r'e unable to do so I~ecau.se of the high cost of trartsportati.on$,
oretines, they are even stopped on the way b:, their et erriios and pre-
vetttod from roach ng the courts. In brief', goin td court just causes
them moro trdublc:.
Thoir cuustonts conflict with the law, The 1o1acs place great
ar phasic on their customs grid traditions. Thoir backwardness has
prcvonted them from ohEngtg their outlook with the passage of time.
Their customs often conflict with the law. For exwnp1e, people with
the carne urnames of of dii'erent classes or t' x es are forbidden to
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SECflF'
1W. Thy wf p--r nI 4 : fl pt cU.it r4 t v w ?b i ry t n
::i1 cii~ utc wttn f i y b1 ~ th LALQ ~ troy BCi
the ? r ; ~a wh Mh irk ? i "o : pt r1 r truth. Ut 1i not rho nay'
~
in ti c ou rt , i n' n, ttm T4cia~ i str 1t)ut an c t t ~w:u4F
ha:1r ri1rcilo QV t1i w 1? . ' c1c!U. In rr~-n, dc'wyt
b provWr i w}ii h ' ij'j'out ?VG1rr~ or; iU'oa to anotivw, 11 uou1i1y
it ~mw3c1 Qr tbu waft th' 3' wnili. t con ri t. 1)'v()r tI j ct)Qf
1 ut the 'eturf :t` the (1(,vrry t f Ln:1. I`n all tr~r rrcn ' 10 >1 n
ar~a1 1 orro~rln ;, fl() v :Lt I t wars a +o rrocclXL bjr t oral ro it of s yr
srvarlrri; arc onofLh, c~ioms it in hiron- wtth th vo~
qro:a nt; of thk; law. urth rr r r , tv o1rto oy -t am o bh0 Lo1oot
;o strctly obsarVf i, afU hor{ for t dio gut o carrnotF bo sott1od In
aocor 1 meo with hc law,
Thy above ari- only a Lour xa i 1 ; them aro n y ot3hor tX"
wp1~ ; which ratr he cast. A1thou ~h those pr'ac lass arc t nr3aoofablo,
the; havo bean ?oi1owcd ar c~nt~ Ties and havo b~ cOT~ do r1 iy 3.t rEina~l
`i.f tine ~n .nct of tl bordor pcmple, w o accept therr' as tra?tttcr' of lac?~~
`ii' we wanted to chun;o all these ck:ctcmo area trw~ tlcnsr ii w iuld re~
salt in much trt ula1o. If new law 7 are ?orco i upon bherry notiit n
food will result, bui; Cher' would he rrny ha oh p t To tho Loloo
thr3 law 3_s wrong because it of'te contra.dicts th i:r ctastorr acid tradlM
Mono. rt'his is a chief reasin vthy the Lo1o 7 do not o tc court.
Thexe 3.3 als?a c1 rr'i.ciiity of iangua +c, Phi law i_r rnad in
accardinco with the accopted practicol' bhc ChtnF se and ii written
darn, The Loloc s do not know the Chinese language, and. thcre`'orc have
no wdy of knowing the law. They havo no idea whatsoever as to which
ar'tic1o i n thc~ law beak ii co cc;rned with what casts, or htv to apply
t-he law. TherteTre, when a dispute ari sco, Choy find it oxtrtrnc:iy
difficult to bring their case to court, LL they want to do so, tie
first thing them hawe to do i,s to find an intr,rpxeter to anterprtt
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SECRET
th ;Lr to the Dwyer anti h v the ~ p1 n wren awn on
paper. tIcrta durTR the true tkmhva to~n)roy tntwpr
r to .ntr pr t ward by !t wc..t, Al- .1 qu it?tcrni uv C1 W?~r have to
b tnt rprt U. Af~w nuah tong; h born nt, it 1 ottU verb'
rtu lbtL`ul ' the n worA Ari tc tho r:1 ht grrc t 'iu , From h1, it
can be pcrw vcr1 how t d nun an a' `a r it ta; but then ?'act not
oftorr undcrotao4 by otho poopb? The writer k owo ci? aaoc~ in
thA Apr s n" of .n j oio had a d Qpute with anothor p'
oon over pioco off',ani, ant a'tyr mart troubic in court, with no
conclusion roachod, he c, moo to ask ?'or my aaaistarcc. T` tntrt uoed
s
him to an attorney, Ync~h thvuht vras al L ho rreethd, 3ut unox-
poctedly the attornoy wac a pirsnn 'rom outoide of th- bon er area
and ho could riot 'G ndt ra fond h:t.c client , An irttorprotar was hiror'a to
help, but no satisfactory rnsu1t~ wao obta_'no~!. Lfinally this wrifor
had to servr~ as intorproter to state the, case to tho attorney, 1 ut
irr tyre tho attorney and tho tuo9 could not understand each
othEr, and the trial had to ?ao called o21, and assistance wa:a aaln
sought, unfortunately, duo to heavy dtrt:esy l waa slot ablo to help
sandr~stead, I introduced tn i.nterproter, The judtas sti11 said
that tho answers given wore not responsirm, and the court had to
adjourn. At that timo, t ,s wz'itar was away for an itnportant duty
and could not lead holp Mfter much disappointment, the Loin askod
poopla to mediate by iV:Lr~t half of the land, as a settbrnont. This
is a true story. From this it car? be seen how difficult the prob1m
:1g.
Furthermore, the law cannot be fully carried out. At the
prFsent time, the x`,010 areas are divided among tame Lobes and wild
Lobos, In the wild Lola areas, the Lobes not only do not know tho
outside world, fiat not even the government has effeo Live jury,: diotion
over therm. Therefore tho law is not carried out in those areasa
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1i f 4 dlaphta bctwoon tn4 w Lci T 1 o ~a, ha law ~
$f Qt VQn 6 , tr h r re, n th4c , aontzol c rciaa t by
oorta1n p!' U'f rQUpa WhO y i p scrvloe to the Law, but actually
!f fA Q the In their cwn ~ r h lntcroct in rQ ri Ot' tho 1gw.
i it is to their advantage, thoy w?11 oireumvcnt the law, Once, when
a pioco ai: land bA1on in to a Lo1o was taken by 1oon1 1andovrnor, the
Lola, with tho hc1p o;' an int{rpretcr, appcaljd to a Qort-n ottic1ai.
M'tr lcarnn of theriovanco~ tho oiio1a1 deelarcri that the latnd
shnnld be ivcn back to the Lola, but later the landowner bribed the
neii hboris to ;'or~cc a now trlaa?k., Tha o ~.o_ial booar~o s ispialous of
the truth of the once and dolayod his dec;:sion. Later, the bolo was
chased out acrd his 1cn1 was taIcer& ?'ror him, This 1o1=o sti1i tolls mo
?'vequently about tiffs r ovancowhich maticus me fo01 oxLvomely sorry.
Cases liko this cap.iso loos o1 coy 'idonce o' the be 'dor pooplo in tht~
law,
The r(3a~ofs having; bben sta,tvd in tho above, 1 hope tho roader
has a general knowledge of thr problem, 1 now wistr t o ~Lv? o orna sue-
gestinns Lor, tnc soluion of the problem o' appoal by the bor'dari paoa
plo
1, Whothor or not the languago J;s difTrjent, if the oduca'tional
standard o:f the Loloes is raised, they will be able to present their
case either diroctly or indirectly to the cour?t, and w111 know haw to
use the law. They will not ba it s tray ned by others or by the obstacles
of class division from us?tng their own initiative to s ok for protec-
tit)n unde7th? law, Threforc, if tho border people are to knaw how
to use the laws their educational standardsmust first be raised.
2. The obstacle of the diLference in language cannot bo erased
easily. In a culturally baokw.rd sooiety, the law is not well kncir
to the border people. In order to make it known to them, steps should
be taken to unify the sr'oken language and let the law be transmitted
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throuh ~peQh.
SECfiET
a Tt hay born advc u t d that tho ?ipr p out+Iatod h~b~t~
QIn Qu~tolw Q , ti 4oioR~ lihou1i b"d ohwigektl inan, in f#Q optn on
oJ: tho writer, tho wdmtniotN ttQn a,ncl application oi` tho law, should
b o ooutod in ac ~rdano~? with the habito and oustot ~ ci tnd people
and the 1ooa1ity, the quoct cin of mpropsr cr obcolot hib is anA
ouot a io ro1ativ61y unimportant , Thi in advicablo, but whether
or not it can bo oily oarriod out is a bid quo t cn , To pcyo wl..
of of a ?hi1d, which io uat l1y naut hty and rebo11tous, cannot bo
oliminatcd i te1iatcly by pw i hmont, but proper muthogis shcu1d he
adopted :(-o ohano hire oradua11y. Though the border pooplo should
not bo too oonsorv ttive, such consorvatist~ cannot bo o1iminatod ovor-
niht. tt must bo dooreaeod radui1y through education and daily
livi 1. Ther?i`oro, 'with respect to law, a tontirn should ba paid to
the customs bnd trarlitiono of the pole and mach unnocos~ary trouble
will thereby be avoided.
4. In the past, the law he s not boo thoroul;h'ly carried out.
This has a profound of'feob on tho confidence of tho people in the law,
}lerearter, if the law is to be fully carried out, mathod.s must be
:Fully considerod and those who are resnonniblo must take the problem
seriously and have considerable backing, Tho bolt way is to have a
close coordi ttior between the oolitical and military branches of
the ovc~rnment in order to see that the law is orThrcod. (:But the
military count not be allowed to dominate the political branches of
the oveirtmorrt),
These are some opinions. On the surface, each oi` these sug-
gestions hr s its imnortancc, but the most 3mortant is the elevation
of the educational standard of the border people with the aim of ae.-
quaint ins them with the governmernt and their rights and duties as
cit?~ons. How can this be achieved? The short training programs of
SECRET
.4o1'
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'bho pot pro not uVnt to iio tho b. n ardor tc rho it, wo
mat basin th prin ry o4 w t An tho h the o o o1 'r roaooo,
tho n?b return ?'or the country Will be v' ruts Eduontion will
nit only help to ~ of t to tho o rry1n out the law n the bor=
tQ1 men but it. Will aloo ho1p to aohiavo ho other ob oativo o'
;the border 3min gtr t r,+nt is hope thit the paoplo of tho
oounbry will {tva th th' attonticna to thio ~
20 ?4 rch 1943 t Yu hih Fu Primary School
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SECRET
- ?1r -t? t- t-* t-e
jf thQ 1Ju
i MQjt, livQ niot'jj k.F+; ?,
~i !~
~*~:.-
c f ;L
~>
E~ L
1_?, i S
9,E
;Tt7 "
I
F ,-ir
' L JL1.G ?L
?er r5 'a' s. mrr a
ions `L` iuk= ,r o~lnt~ n rr Yiitir
r^
.~ a, fi v' ~ F 9 p C4 :i rt kggt)1i?ft S o vi L r4-
x~~faF~ta t4tu4 }: 1rc e1 *;~I aL r~.Lk i x x vJ
al n vc r i rir l4rdr t vc end :-t cr :;i ?
-~f> is Qu'tUo ta ~^' t7 tt (( ~^~~~y tt yl
s ,~ !~I* od~t 9~.aY lr i~~j 5~5 'Yr r'k ttf~as~tt- rii# sl~~
k:~t:ii;, .t.,Ii-i c'~d wh IjiS34c 1t i ti. ic1 w:Y Ntk klkfttib :iL ty ~L"r.t' 6fw tf~~ n t tY'! i n}:Y
th t'ot;i cin 't1rout5; ht
iklr> `
r,copi r ."zf 'o unri;ii f krn 1 r'obc1i couch,
.;
+~pp
r. 't r o j . ~1o ~~ji 1. ttirA spal t~ls~ q ry
.c ci it t, , m kt:~utI 4 jj??En 1~';: ri t~D,h Ii
t~ikLh c1 lp1c r!d to r cfi r' 1: ti r I.1.o::'
l'1 . trut}il.rac~ ?"r
':! ,inc JCL 'f a4 Sr 65:k 23 d^i ~Yji
lau1 S ;ovon a`+tf1k: to conqurv i~h
thct p~optc htvc 1cw1 tOL~; r.fds
t
no ~ ~ t /~ p ~r o .{
k;3 r' kv~: I)h'.~l?j r..`!9c! ` ~il }} "cnt IIho
? a Lo~.rai tnd lrll`1 r~rt trwlt?~n~. d1 tr ~r~ rE ' kt51 lac io~j . 1-ron tho ctn
L :v that thc ar a trabr ;rtron ran rtc l; i, f- c?i ricdi ta study tr ; than, one
finds itktt thcr'cbc13.iou i ttit, zdo of tkho rx or,1o t dno Tr i1_y o
thcirlow tari&ard oi' education, whs ch the tc~vtint hoc falod to
in rovo in ordar to pacify and tr u sfoain thorn.
In the titnc of n t?dn1 r;ri L when .vkc ir ct~ 4 s ;d 'Ln . tohi
wcr g. iri:st t Lore gn'- ,r-vnrkir+, the Ch~1Encr sand the Lt~lcarc di,i in
one nncl one in a11- In orid~ r to wtrcn then thc+ nntiont1 r1.o n ii
tha cu1tur.:1 ctarncl rd of t~cc Lek1occ, nurtur. c~ tho1r s tron!;th, itnr,ricvc
t1-iii conditiorui, rind rnito the ith ac ref' tnc ooop1c, tc f ovc r'runmit
hi tdoptcd nh riductrtion ,1 program to tc wh t}rc borrdr r pro 1c- Phis
itcx h been dh ociitcd with thy. 3 rd 5rim end he w ho to give
t1i public g mcr'ii id. n of it. A brioi' account i given a i ?oi1ow7 t
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SECRET
Ot` UCP'L4.! f i`i OF
1 f r T ' t'8
a ??aat .d, a as . ar ffa^x^
=i: :L9 7 ;n eQQv t fQQ v Ui h , r# truPttQn i' the i -
j';i h nc
q6
1< ~ i~R
uonpG Fin, ;in T
r hQQ ?ttl - 4 f & 1 &v su ~i r~k i r ~ t1-v iy th= bcit ; r 1t>Gj
v(;+` - r bt a l t ' 'f r The- $4~h ~c L eft t vt i t n t h V1
ItMI1 N liu(j~sft`.'kt~ ltnct ixk
, ry
:t; rQecf{f 4P 4+ , ilh~tr
bQon ? 1 vQv thtLti~f 4 c ct r c1 it ~ ~ 1ao f F~R~d
t4ii;t Lc, . t ;L a r~ld&tx` fo vc~flkfa tat lll.. L n i Re:42r
i~h :fv'.Cole 4tc~Uth, htvo r~tir~nod i'n
ttiyiMf, In thci 1ntt?ir :ii@ it~vF ei- iovEifi ti tk `..
;W;' 14F cc
?Qpt hUe ;t~
!fit)i ` Vf' $i i~u1 a4 ilk k~
'c;v
1U:I
i ~ t(r(r 1YY yy
tLQ' 1 t:Oop2t }~t4,1.}.S 't it i
{ t
F4 eft-t 6~ et ~.i
i _$i
t
:I L bc .l.
? 4: d' r
a: ac a : crs:m mw+aa:
?tl1c C) fQ; f 6 t ~1
le
~~., ((41 1 1i {t F3p}y' pt i = it
4 1
t tH. " ~,. ~w[
ancva*ccsa~Wburcaanx r
tapoI;rll::x4 1 f' St ;.'ixS r4``i
1tt1 +i+ i
I t~s k~4~ki t, d~; i.:to t } i E ?
i
ii:i rt1,t* t4,i a: nd to 4) } i ii'L
14 ;~, k1
E p
~~ee,{{ y i
e 7
Ion 't).lt k.itif 6i t~w'f.
y lL~let:li(Wi k;{ ~i (r ltkel fi t} M ~~) ~1 1
' c t i ? `~ r c tn,nc1 surfer much pain rntl tlan ;t r; or,
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SECRET
when p
A la hidnt~pI=i ~' ~?'
dpi YQr nci tv edf t~ t,ot jrisnd w~ra~
~ ~~~~~r~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~c~~~- to ttfl oV y
in crdtr to 1T the ~x urro oop-
O% thi tii1 (tid rut O&tW (t1)1tY tiC
to7 ruits Thocc whra wcr t cv could not cove p their bodtc~
~~mpi~t?ly, anri rrcrc thcrcfO~c
tp t?V1 thci~ bcdi(~c, co thr~k~ it becO i11CU ditifl th
3iferonCe 'otwetrt th' oX3. TWL prevfl31 woI ristC ?n
irryng Unir c'ttio for tiy wat11.d cft~r- trtist~l~c th~ pox, ~n
F = tiri tt1~ t- the pcoplc hid ant used to
~~h~~ off trjthcitt hccr~?~~ ~ cold.
w3~rir~r thatn, t~-c. ~ co?1~1 nit
c ~c ?s~itar~G~l into
n o d . Today, cieta r~
~nt~~~t~i~~ ~~~~~~ ~c~nf rc~~n c ~.
colors to mthe1n look ~.ttractvG -
t4~.IV ?orrnc, varictiec and
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+
AP
m t o tt h bin elf V ?d t ?t the '
ttvo orrn {nrt th br~t~ taut
nie~~. to ~ovWQ~! ~r~ nit
i ' to citttnjjt1t,r1rv, Tt 1 nrtn
t~ th, F,3k4k4 thF;'jV bdF;bllnlil) ~Y~n l~f:Elp
lO to c1i tinrytnh c~n 1a~A ~~"~tlndc~ to 'f?
Very lou.
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hpter SECRET
K1QtiT (itl TAU WQ 01? CQN TRUQTINQ N 'fI QGflT
AT TN PA YU-ttCI TWCY
th r t c rt ty to ru st yQl gents ran A the
~oy I h1W
whc~ era nortx1 in the 1ntr~ of
fiv~ ut~v~rgt&Q~ it v,
6 44 .r ha py nc1 ~artun~to. Ir th~ pt
o r~4t : o work1J 1 ox~ the peo-
t cry ~n Bch acs
}1Q of my hQnla ~l~~ttee, ~iv~ ~~
~~f i~~ti~;toe 1imit~, I h~v~ not yet
~io~~on ~o~~~o ,
riehiov~l froit hQW~ V(i be very F c mrJ wifint to r M
rye
o~ ~?y ~rtnti o~,~ortonceo cl~~rlnI tlaeee
port to yoit br.~~
.~~~~y oo
orhit ou ~~ipiv' tie yoa~r ~'ttt~s.~aee tnfl lao1~~ the
~~no~t~y hope t
fttaare+ a
I $ t ;u o, `riorJ a ? to 'CUe~ehi l4tt~ t tracy, end owing to my
s
ta.:r t1 'r~ - ~v
F
herettnr~y ~ iiiv~ been .. t2i to p1n, oxoc~c ta ~~
ttt~e ~~~~ ~ao~~.t~on, ~
c~tpvt~viee t!ao Wo~ h itt U' OW Z'at1I thex9 Th~ ttti~ of soh
wao omt orre iy -eo to in tho Yuan Dynasty nnrJ way; cont1mted
r: upon ~f1~
tieS Dur: trithe Ti Pine Uevo1tiatibn
thro~h th~ ~inr tind Ohtn d,n
ny f nnily, y the laoo~~ o~ oapt-arin~ h~k ~'a-kni 11ive, h~mr~
h~,va=~~~ , t~~~
onforreci upon tt1 n .ditiOfl t , title of vice?r rEh 1, trld their po-
o ~~~~~ 1eot np of tho other Tt~ue in tlae burroundn uree-
a~,~tior~ w~.s ~ not ~`
After the f oun ae epub1ic, theoo thus nd honors wezio left
~~l. ~nr.r , of t-=
untouehed ct ,otr~,vor, in l92, due to a rni; ! derSt n with the gar-
~ ,,.
s fog :ht in which w Yemen Lr:ticil
~jsons in ilea ire, battle wa
w m~` ~n6t~ier rind to ba;otheais ~:nfc~rt~tnate-
ties~.~enc~ ~s r~estroyed, one
:I:, lost their lives. At the ts,mI Fta~ only tw~ntJs I was wounded tni
~alr . ~~ienr ~ Y~~n~~I~en,
had to a sope to S-iehnt where, with tlao help of .
I was &tble to ~b to school After beingrad ute from junior high
choal them, I in the 1~esoc~.~ter~ ~hel~ ta~~ error Ili~h
s cue to study
Secon1 year ?n that school I passed en
School in ~he~~tu~ r~ri~
SgC2ET
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SECIiT
Qx r rl tion n w UTR,tt c1 N -ktn; ntr Mil t r'y A, 1 my n11
r d W(I in ~ ft r m r tr ttQrt I w?r i ffod to
., in tie 3oad rt 41 o 1 ~f 1jiJQ n htrn l~ ng, err a
retfulnd hcfr~ w1 r?~rn,cJ the pvition o txlotFh
1 avo ) t uro t orift' tir1 tucTy np :Ln th I int ior, nnc to
lsr'rtfr F o t6 or iico f Rt1Uc t{ins t1 people nd t~ r f orinin the Lw
ry
y sr f
Tlr o rny vc Of rely t 'w
The U'4% unth r x+ry control Lb the northw ; t ro - is r off` - r~~lo t
Ttw trri tor:, i t~1frt otro 1rfrrr~frcd suorc li, orrd the popuin tiorr is
iov r 1 1TMt%dV1 C1 the r tncl in ithi t rtt , or ova t the w and ? m iico .
Uo t of thQ territory in this ttrc i is vory riiount inouo, end thcrc sro
vor? iow rivo.. Th' ae?ourrtrtirrs xurr 3t r -c`ly frc south to nrrth. Tien-
.
o which i. ? ?te or rivcr within this rota, run frc tri north to
t}otr dert, 1crnx ti` s rivirr on both ,ir c t? c wotc paddios this ic the
~
s ~lrr~tod. Th~a ttnnfti rice prodfftion i cttfficient to
rice i I
~r ~rn~xtr
?o d the pt?:o aic of the ve ion, ithort h not of t1 eo ie pro r there moor.
Irr this:, ricn 4lvcr; coins tLlc U I d Cis rnon ys th i tc of excht rr e is
ortc hit~i iicd ~t:um to orte ourrco of silver. 2'1ae ien urrrc, reiip on, wq
of if end`t- of it s:cr.eris iii quite diffcrerrt front tltosc ol`
other tt t &Ua. 11o~,:over, tltc jyeopie of t1w hive ciw&:ys obeyed ovcx'fW
fnr'rt orders, in fuiuilt t1rir duties and 'rosponNibilitics citierts.
lrf 192 or thEr de th of my fnothor{ rind my M othors, 1 it~f t
a
out to study in oheti prtrt of the count 7, tJrld the duties of Tfiseu
were left undone. This ?act, together t=rith th opprossivo mocw ures
implcfcrcntctl by the overruncrrt of the mapistracY, c ttscd tlrc if airs of
the areo to becotnc very confused nri clrskotic. Cornplcth anarchy EE t in.
For a. period of twelve y rs, thy: people titnc1 rwcnt much suffcrirtg. Pn-til 1936 this c+ ntiTlued; in 1936 I returned and, rat the request of the
people, 1 rcltntethe dtttics of Tussu end dctcrrninttd to put things hick
;
in n order
FiFa~`rt',
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/05/18 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100120076-5
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/05/18 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100120076-5
SECRET
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