FINAL REPORT ON HOT DIP PACKAGING

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03639A001500010001-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 46
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 20, 2011
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 10, 1956
• Content Type: REPORT

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December 10, 1956
F I N A L R E P O R T
ON
HOT DIP PACKAGING
L
Contract No. RD-88
Task No. 2
CONFIDENTIAL
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pag e
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
PURPOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
SECTION I - MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE DETERMINATION FOR SHORT
AND LONG TERM DIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
FIGURE 1 - DIPPING AREA AND DIP TANK . . . . . . . . 4
FIGURE 2 - LONG TERM DIP TANK . . . . . . . . . . . 5
A. C. DELAY UNIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
FIGURE 3 - RATE OF CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE FOR A. C.
DELAY UNIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
HEAD INCENDIARY UNIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2-1/4 LB. BLOCKS OF C-3 AND C-4 . . . . . . . . . . 8
FIGURE 4 - RATE OF CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE FOR HEAD
INCENDIARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
MK II PENCILS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
FIGURE 5 - RATE OF CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE FOR MK II
PENCIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
POCKET INCENDIARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
FIGURE 6 - RATE OF CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE FOR POCKET
INCENDIARY UNIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
. . . . . . . . . . . 14
FIGURE 7 - RATE OF CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE FOR RAILROAD
TORPEDO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
THERMIT WELL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
ROCKET ADAPTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
CONFIDENTIAL
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Introduction
The use of plastic, such as that defined under JAN-C-149, Type II,
to act as a protective barrier for hardware and machine parts has
proven quite successful even when these items are stored for long
periods of time. The method of obtaining a barrier coating is to
immerse the item in a plastic bath which is at a temperature of
approximately 325 Deg. F. For the purposes of this investigation
cellulose acetate butyrate was used.
This method of protection was extended to incendiary and explosive
items. It was possible that when these were immersed in plastic
such effects as decomposition of components, activation of the
item, or plastic flowing into the openings of the package could
occur and render the item useless. All of these effects were
determined by means of a long term immersion in the hot plastic.
These units were then subjected to physical examination and then
functioning tests. The results of these long term dips are given
in the following pages.
Purpose
The scope of this program may be divided into the following phases:
I. The temperature and time duration of exposure, to which a
packaged item would be subjected, was determined. The
units were contained in the standard packaging configura-
tion and dipped by the standard hot dip procedure. The
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safety of the operation over an extended period was
established should one of the items become wedged or
dropped into the tank.
II. From the data obtained in Phase I, and from information
contained in the literature, it was established that the
standard package for the items under consideration
provides sufficient protection against thermal damage
during the normal dipping operation.
III. Plastic coatings for the packaged items were prepared
and placed in storage for later evaluation.
IV. Units, which were prepared under Phase III, were tested
for proper functioning after a six month storage period.
V. This data was evaluated and a packaging manual was prepared
for the protection of packaged devices by the hot dip
method.
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SECTION I
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE DETERMINATION FOR SHORT
AND LONG TERM DIPS
The units which were considered in this investigation are the
following:
Mock ups of some of the units were prepared and equipped with
thermocouples to determine the rate of temperature rise and
the maximum temperatures reached within the package during a
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normal dipping operation and a long term immersion. A Minneapolis-
Honeywell 12 channel recorder, Model Y153X(67)T-12-X-(106) was
used to obtain the transient data during these dipping periods.
A Fidelity Chemical Corporation Model 1362 Dip Tank, (Figure 1)
was used for the short term dipping and an inexpensive expendable
oven, of our design, the details of which are shown in Figure 2,
was used for the long term cook-off characteristics of the various
items.
Figure 1
Dipping Area and Dip Tank
ECRU
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Figure 2
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This unit is packaged in a rectangular metal box with a hinged
flap top. The thermally sensitive components of the unit are
the cellulose nitrate retaining disc at the firing pin and the
From the literature,(') the melting range of cellulose nitrate
is found to be 160 Deg. F - 170 Deg. F. Details on the composition
and characteristics of the M-34 detonator will be found later in
this section.
This unit was subjected to short and long term dips. The results
of the long term dip and thermocouple locations are shown in
Figure 3.'
During the long term dip, the cellulose nitrate disc softened
sufficiently to release the firing pin in the
This occurred after 11.5 minutes. All other components of this
unit were unharmed from the one hour immersion.
The unit was then given a short term dip of five seconds. The
maximum temperature obtained at the cellulose nitrate disc at
thermal equilibrium was 115 Deg. F which is sufficiently below
the lower limit of the melting range so that no damage would come
to the unit.
From the experiments with this unit it can be concluded that the
unit can be reclaimed if lost in the hot plastic but would be
rendered useless if in the plastic for more than ten minutes.
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Head Incendiary Unit
Although the long term immersion temperature, measured at the
point shown in Figure 4, reached the temperature of the plastic,
no serious condition exists. The most sensitive element in the
unit is the match compound used to initiate the thermit starter.
The match compound is composed of various substances, out of
which potassium chlorate (30% by weight) has the lowest melting
point (400 Deg. F).(1)' (5)
The head of the unit and cover glass were also equipped with
thermocouples and the rate of change of temperature follows the
same trend displayed by the match compound and is, therefore,
not plotted.
No modification of the package is required and this device can
be dipped without hazard and even used if lost in the plastic
up to one-half an hour.
2-1/4 lb. Blocks of C-3 and C-4
These items are composed of RDX (85% - 95% by weight) and a material
being composed of plasticizer and binder. At temperatures as high
as 360 Deg. F,(3)these materials do not detonate. From the writer's
personal experience of other RDX cook-off tests, it was found that
temperatures up to 395 Deg. F could be encountered before detonation.
These items were subjected to the long term immersion to verify the
data contained in the literature. Neither package burned or ex-
ploded and the units were considered fit for hot dipping.
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Mk II Pencils
Five pencils are packaged in a unit package, the medium being
a two piece fitted metal container. Sensitive components of
the item are the percussion cap and the plastic cap at the top
of the pencil.
One unit package was immersed in the plastic for a one hour
period to determine safe handling characteristics of the unit.
As seen from Figure 5, the temperature attained within the
package approached that of the hot plastic, however, none of the
pencils fired while in the plastic bath. After this experiment,
the pencils were examined for harmful thermal effects. None were
observed and the pencils were then fired.
Therefore, a short term dip for this package is considered suit-
able without any packaging modification.
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SLUM
The Pocket Incendiary unit was equipped with thermocouples
at the points noted in Figure 6. Two units are packaged in
a rectangular metal can with rounded edges. A corrugated card-
board serves as an insulating barrier for this unit so that the
standard container as received from stock is ready for hot
dipping.
The data obtained on the pencil can be used to determine the
feasibility of dipping the Mk I pencils so that a long term dip
will not have to be immersed in plastic for the one hour period.
After the long term dip the container was opened and the contents
examined. The only observation was the expansion of the
case, but this was not of a serious nature and both units fired
satisfactorily.
WITT
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The rate of change of temperature of this unit, plotted in
Figure 7, shows that the temperature throughout the container
reached that of the plastic within the one hour immersion
period.
The sensitive elements of an individual unit are three percussion
caps and a length of black powder fuze. These components were
dissembled from the main unit and the individual components
cooked-off. The primer required a temperature in excess of
525 Deg. F and the fuze a temperature of 425 Deg. F to initiate
burning.
This unit is, therefore, considered quite safe for the dipping
operation even though it may be inadvertently lost in the tank
for long periods.
Thermocouples were placed on the top of Units #1 and #5 and the
temperature response was similar to that plotted in Figure 7.
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Thermit Well
From information contained in the literature regarding
composition and reaction temperatures of the various components,
(1), (2), (4) and from other experiments performed in the course
of this investigation no trouble was anticipated with this unit
due to the extremely high ignition temperatures. The thermit
well was immersed in the hot plastic for a one hour period to
establish the safety of the operation and then examined. The
results of the long term dip were that the wax on the cardboard
container was melted and flowed toward the downward side of the
unit. The sensitive items of this unit are the black powder
fuze, the first fire and the thermit itself. All of these
components are ignited by temperatures which are considerably
above the plastic temperature and there is no problem encountered
with these components.
Rocket Adapters
A 3.5" rocket adapter was immersed in hot plastic for one hour.
Since this is essentially the same type of composition as the
Thermit Well no difficulty was expected. This unit was immersed
for safety purposes only. After immersion this unit fired satis-
factorily.
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One box of these units was immersed for one hour in the plastic.
This item presented no problem since the Fuze Lighter is a paper
tube containing friction powder which is mechanically lighted.
The basic component is KCLO3 which has a decomposition temperature
of 400 Deg. F.(1) After immersion approximately-fifteen units
were fired without any failures.
in a waterproof textile covering with
a rough waxy finish. From the literature the ignition temperature
(2), (3) which is approximately
100 Deg. F above the plastic temperature. This item offers no
trouble. A 50 foot coil was given a one hour cook-off period in
its final packaging configuration, and although there was no
detonation, the waterproof covering and the wax finish of the
outside strands were subject to decomposition.
The short term dip was quite satisfactory and this item can be
dipped without difficulty.
Primacord Adapters
This device is packaged in a tear strip container with corrugated
cardboard liners. From the results obtained with the 50 foot
spool of primacord, this item was dipped immediately without a
short or long term dip.
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is composed of
tightly
wrapped with several layers of fabric and waterproofing
materials. (2)
These
components are insulated by the waterproofing materials and all
the materials but the sulfur have a melting point beyond the
temperature range of the plastic. This material can be success-
fully dipped.
The long term dip was performed to establish the safety of the
operation. The same physical changes noted with the primacord
were observed in this experiment. The material was ignited and
its burning rate was within satisfactory limits. This unit may
remain in the plastic up to one hour without causing any hazard
to personnel or property but it cannot be used after a 10 minute
immersion since the protective covering melts.
Mk I Pencils
This item consists of a tube containing a percussion cap and a
spring loaded striker cocked by a restraining wire. These units
are packaged ten to a cardboard box. The sensitive item of this
unit is the cap. The information obtained on the Pocket Incendiary
could be applied to this unit with a very broad safety factor due
to the different methods of packaging.
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The unit package was subjected to cook-off without incident and
the pencils fired yielding expected results. This unit was also
considered satisfactory for coating with the plastic without
change in the standard container.
Active components contained in this item are either potassium
chlorate or potassium perchlorate and sulfur. The ignition point
of these matches is in the range of 365 Deg. F to 380 Deg. F.M
The active elements are approximately 50 per cent of the total
weight of the match. This ignition temperature is sufficiently
high not to cause any difficulties with immersing this packaged
item in the hot plastic. Further, glue and other inert components
of this item make it quite insensitive.
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References
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PREPARING, DIPPING AND TESTING OF SAMPLES
Units, other than those contained in tear strip cans, require
preliminary preparation for several reasons. Foremost is the
sealing off of crevices and folds in the containers to prevent
the plastic from flowing into the unit, and secondly, the units
must be sealed off as much as possible to prevent the air
entrapped within the container from expanding due to the plastic
temperature and forcing itself through the butyrate barrier.
The approach to this phase of the work was to establish a pre-
dipping medium to overcome the obstacles mentioned above. Work
was followed for several weeks towards obtaining a coating of
Latex rubber over the units. However, this approach was abandoned
as newer problems with the Latex were encountered. These problems
included air bubbles in the cured Latex, selecting suitable
coagulant, and obtaining the proper curing time. This media also
did not appear feasible for production type work due to the
number of operations and the time required to prepare an individual
package.
Other media considered were aluminum foil and various waxes.
The waxes were eliminated due to the low melting points. Aluminum
foil still did not eliminate the expanding volume of air contained
in the carton and did not seal off the paths through which the
expanded air could be transmitted.
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SEGREI
The use of scrim material was then considered. This material
has several advantages over other media considered since a
strong, completely sealed outer jacket could be formed about
every package requiring this treatment.
The packaging manual, written under this task, contains details
of the packaging method and materials necessary to obtain the
required barrier layer and will not be dealt with in this report.
After establishing a suitable process for dipping the various
items, twenty unit packages of each device were dipped in the
hot plastic.
Test Schedule for Dipped Units
Testing of the hot dipped items was broken down into three phases.
The experimental conditions and general results of this agenda
are as follows:
1. Five unit packages were tested for proper functioning
twenty-four to forty-eight hours after being dipped in
the hot plastic. All units fired satisfactorily. The
units investigated during this program are of such a
nature that some will give quantitative results while
others yield only qualitative results. Quantitative
data and experimental procedures for all the units may
be found in Section 4 of this report.
2. From the satisfactory results obtained under Schedule 1,
five unit packages were subjected to the following
conditions:
a. Four hours at 120 Deg. F to 130 Beg. F and 90 per
cent relative humidity.
yry :,
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b.
Two hours at 70 Deg. F to 90 Deg. F and 90 per
cent relative humidity.
C.
Two hours at 0 Deg. F to -10 Deg.
F or lower
d.
Sixteen hours at 35 Deg. F to 50
Deg. F and 20
per cent relative humidity.
This cycle to be repeated three times.
The plastic coating was still in excellent condition
when removed from the above experimental conditions.
These units all fired satisfactorily and the data for
these units is contained in Section 4.
3. The satisfactory results obtained under Schedule 1 and
2 indicated that the extended evaluation of the barrier
material could be started. This extended evaluation
consisted of two phases:
a. Five unit packages to be placed in igloo storage
for a period of at least six months.
b. Five unit packages to be buried in wet loam for a
period of at least six months.
After the six month period, the items placed in experi-
mental conditions under Schedule 3 were reclaimed.
Figure 8 is a view of a Block of C-4 after being in
igloo storage and burial.
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Burial Igloo Storage
2-1/4# Blocks C-4
Figure 8
This part of the test agenda was modified to obtain a longer
evaluation of the butyrate barrier. 'Due to this change, only
two of the five test items were fired. All units which were
fired, functioned properly, and the balance were returned to
burial and storage.
It was planned to extend this phase of the evaluation to a
nine month period but due to the favorable results, the
project officer has requested this phase to be extended for an
indefinite term under another contract which is being carried
on at this time by
. Under this program, it is the first time
live packaged units have been buried and a more complete
evaluation of the barrier material characteristics is desired.
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An extension of the scope of work on this program was received
February 28, 1956. The purpose of this extension was to in-
vestigate the use of sealable aluminum foil as a preliminary
packaging medium instead of the scrim material described in
Section I of this report. This material is of interest because
it can be obtained at a price which is considerably less than
the regular scrim material.
Units which were known to have no deleterious thermal effects
were selected for this investigation since evaluation of the
hot dip process had been established at this point. The units
were of such a design that the range of small, large and odd
shaped packages would be under consideration.
This investigation included the following items to be dipped
in plastic with sealable aluminum foil preparation:
Three samples of each unit package were prepared with sealable
foil and then dipped in plastic. These units were then subjected
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to the environmental conditions described under Schedule II
for testing the various items dipped under the original scope
of this contract.
The units were examined and all items functioned properly. The
only device for which quantitative information could be obtained
was the A. C. Delay. Red ampoules were used in this device and
the recorded times areas follows:
4.6 hours
5.2 hours Temp. 65 Deg. F
6.0 hours
Mean 5.3 hours
Conclusions and Recommendations
1. From the experiments described in this report, all of the
units were considered adaptable to coating with hot cellulose
acetate butyrate using their standard container.
2. The units packaged in tear strip containers are suited to
dipping immediately upon receipt from stock. These items are:
3. The remaining items will require some method of preliminary
preparation to prevent the flow of plastic about the packaged
unit and to prevent air bubbles from forming on the plastic
coating and causing weak spots in the barrier material. This
is considered in detail in the packaging manual.
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4. All of the items are of such a nature that they will not
be effected by the plastic temperature or else have
adequate insulation inherent in their present packaging
state and do not require any modification of their present
configuration.
5. Of the various items, the following units will be damaged
if exposed to the hot plastic for a period of over ten
minutes and cannot be reclaimed for use:
However, if immersed for more than ten minutes, there is
no danger to personnel or property.
6. The use of sealable aluminum foil instead of standard scrim
is recommended for preliminary packaging due to the ease of
handling, cheaper price, and its better conformance to the
underpacking configuration.
7. Wherever possible, in the packing of new items in metal
containers, corrugated cardboard liners should be incorporated
to act as thermal insulators as well as preventing the units
from moving within the container.
8. Although some units will be rendered useless after long term
dips, the short dip has no effect on the items.
9. To date, the use of cellulose acetate butyrate as a barrier
material has proved to be quite successful.
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The tables in this section are a compilation of test results
obtained from units which had been coated with cellulose
acetate butyrate.
Four evaluations of the various items which were dipped were
made. The data in the first column entitled Test 1 was that
obtained 24 to 48 hours after the items were dipped. Test 2
data was obtained after the units had passed through surveillance
conditions and was not performed until the units had successfully
passed Test 1.
Test 3 was igloo storage and Test 4 was burial. These two tests
were performed simultaneously and were not started until all the
units had passed the two previous tests. Units were placed in
storage and burial on December 6, 1955. The temperature in the
igloo ranged from 10 Deg. F to 65 Deg. F.
The soil at the cache site has a pH value in the range of 3-4.
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LLUE1
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A. C. DELAY UNIT
Procedure: The A. G. Belay body was mounted in a wooden jig
with a brass plug placed before the firing pin. The unit was
then mounted opposite a micro-switch which was placed in the
power line leading to an electric elapsed time meter. When the
device fired,the brass plug tripped the micro-switch into the
"open" position and thereby stopped the meter. Figure 9
pictures the A. G. Belay units in position and the elapsed time
meters.
Figure 9
t 1 Test 2
Test 3
Test 4
Tes
?
?
Temp. 69-76?F
F
Temp. 69-76?F Temp. 82-87
F
Temp. 82-87
5.8 hours
5.3 hours
4.3 hours
4.0 hours
4.1
4.5
4.2
4.2
5.0
4.7
4.2
5.2
7.2
5.6
Mean:
5.1 hours
5.4 hours
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~Uh 1
Orange ampoules were also fired in units that were buried and
Temperature 75?F
Mean
Test 3
24.3 hours
21.5
18.8
22.1
21.5
21.64 hours
Test 4
26.7 hours
18.0
24.0
24.8
21.3
22.96 hours
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The pencils were mounted in an aluminum jig with the percussion
cap end (Figure 10) placed in a clearance hole drilled in an
aluminum cross piece. A knife switch was mounted before the
top of each pencil. The knife switches were placed in the
electrical line leading to a series of clocks. When the unit
fired, it was propelled from the jig hitting the knife switch
and breaking the electrical connection to the proper clock.
Figure 10 demonstrates the jigs and recording system.
Figure 10
Mk II Belay Pencil
DATA
3
Test
Test 4
Test 1 Test 2
_
?
'70?F
Temp. Temp. 68?F.
?
F.
Temp. 70
.
Temp.
12 min. 48 sec.
16 min.
03 sec.
* min.
* sec.
15 min. 39 sec
15
317
15
25
14
00
16 13
19
30
18
43
23
20
25 32
13
43
14
05
21
14
14 35
14
30
13
22
14
14
18 26
14
35
15
44
16
23
30 16
15
25
10
34
14
17
26 46
19 23
14
55
19
47
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UM I
DATA
(continued)
Test 1
Test 2
Test 3
Test 4
Temp. 68?F.
Temp. 68?F.
Temp. 70?F.
Temp. 70?F.
17 min.
33 sec.
15 min.
53 sec.
18 min. 43 sec.
22 min.
17 sec.
12
23
13
32
18
57
17
43
19
20
23
05
17
28
15
09
17
45
7
58
15
10
16
50
13
35
13
45
14
49
15
48
17
14
15
55
10
54
14
42
11
39
14
47
13
17
17
29
13
39
15
23
17
46
16
17
17
20
14
30
19
35
14
40
17
26
Mean
14 min.
35.8 sec.
15 min.
36 sec.
17 min.
39 sec.
20 min.
31
sec.
*Prefired in container.
AM I
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Mk I Pencil Red Identification Strip
These units were activated and delay times were measured by
means of a stop watch.
Test 1
Test 2
Test 3
Test 4
Temp. 36?F.
Temp. 24?F.
Temp. 93?F.
Temp. 81?F.
1.
49 min.
23 sec.
42 min. 18 sec.
17 min.
10 sec.
18 min.
55 sec.
2.
50
17
39
36
13
25
22
19
3.
52
36
42
21
18
49
23
01
4.
35
04
42
25
19
50
24
50
5.
56
41
43
35
22
34
19
45
6.
58
18
35
21
27
11
19
05
7.
58
23
57
41
24
46
20
00
8.
63
09
48
07
26
58
20
20
9.
64
51
53
29
24
37
20
23
10.
40
22
60
42
15
18
18
15
11.
40
03
72
03
27
42
21
37
12.
41
30
58
37
24
55
21
20
13.
43
27
42
47
31
20
15
30
14.
44
18
73
04
16
31
21
30
15.
45
22
#
No Ampoule
21
26
19
17
16.
46
04
45
33
24
07
23
22
17.
46
19
35
29
16
24
25
30
18.
46
20
35
43
14
50
20
55
19.
46
38
60
49
17
44
25
19
20.
46
39
67
25
21
45
24
30
21.
47
19
72
18
22.
49
07
55
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tCRET
TABLE III
(continued)
Test 1
Test 2
Test 3 Test 4
Temp. 36?F.
Temp. 24?F. Temp. 93?F. Temp. 81?F.
23.
50 min. 23 sec.
40 min.
28 sec.
24.
52 17
49
04
25.
52 39
55
23
26.
No Ampoule
65
37
27.
53 21
73
56
28.
53 49
41
29
29.
54 30
51
56
30.
54 48
42
18
31.
55 29
38
15
32.
46 04
46
24
33.
48 21
48
53
34.
55 28
55
12
35.
57 03
39
14
36.
57 40
43
18
37.
60 09
44
31
38.
56 13
46
33
39.
57 11
53
47
40.
57 29
60
12
41.
60 58
67
18
42.
62 19
42
56
43.
63 41
73
14
44.
66 39
72
27
45.
70 25
51
25
46.
72 08
55
18
47.
72 15
40
52
-34-
t%rn nrY
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AMI
TABLE III
(continued)
Test 1
Test 2
Test 3 Test 4
Temp. 36?F.
Temp. 24?F. Temp. 93?F. Temp.
81?F.
48.
72 min.
19 sec.
49 min.
04 sec.
49.
72
36
41
24
50.
73
41
65
34
Mean 54 min. 25 sec.
51 min.
29 sec. 21 min. 06 sec. 20 min. 42.5 sec.
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Both pencils at the side of the unit were crushed and delay
times were measured by means of a stop watch. Red colored
pencils were used.
Test 1
Test 2
Test 3
Test 4
Temp. 38?F.
Temp. 43?F.
Temp. 92?F.
Temp. 92?F.
35 min.
23 sec.
37 min. 41 sec.
18 min.
30 sec.
13 min.
50 sec.
36
03
41 08
19
00
17
04
36
30
41 39
11
00
16
51
27
18
50 23
16
45
17
56
30
08
23 52
40
19
30 19
37
15
32 14
30
45
34 27
31
10
37 08
32
58
39 43
Mean
36 min.
30 see.
33 min. 25 sec.
16 min.
19 sec.
15 min.
51
sec.
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%41
Five, three foot samples from each fifty foot roll were tested.
All samples burned in exactly two minutes.
which had been dipped
Performance of the following units could be observed in only
a qualitative manner:
The experimental method of firing and results of these units
will be given in the following pages.
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A six inch length of
was taped to the end of
a Corps of Engineers Special Non-Electric Cap. A ten pound
weight was allowed to fall on the dome of the
and satisfactory functioning was denoted by the initiation of
detonating train.
functioned properly
Figure 13 demonstrates the method of firing thel
Figure 13
and a Corps of Engineers
primacord. These
was taped to the
fired satisfactorily.
all
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Samples from the
CONFIDENTIAL
boxes were taken and fired by strapping
a to the top of the All samples
fired properly.
-41-
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