JPRS ID: 8382 FRANCE: NUCLEAR, MISSILE, AND SPACE DEVELOPMENTS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 32
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 18
• Content Type: REPORTS

APPROVE~ FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-R~P82-00850R000'1000400'18-7
- ~r - -

9 APRIL i979 FOUO N0. 4S7 `~i OF i _
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
F0~ OFFICIAL US~ ONLY
JPRS r~; a3a2
9 Aprf 1 19 79
FRANCE: NUCLEAR, MISSILE, AND SPACE DEVELOPN~NTS
FOUO N~ , ~57 ~ ~ s
U. S. JOINT PUBLICATIONS R~.SEARCH SERVICE
FOR OFFICI~~ USE ONLY '
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
NOTC
~
JpR5 publicaCiona coneain informaCion primarily from foreiFn _
newapapers, periodicalg and books, but also from newe agency
transmissions and broadcasCa. Materials from foreign-language
sourcea are Cranslated; thoae from Engliah-language sources
are tranacribed or reprinCed, wiCh Che original phrasing and
other characCerisCica retatned.
Headlines, editorial reports, and material encloaed in brackets
are supplied by JPRS. Procesaing indicators euch as (TexC]
or [Excerpt ] in ttie f irat 1 ine of each item, or ~'ol lowing Che
last line of a brief, indicate how the original informaCion was
, procesaed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was aummarized or extracted. ~
Unfamiliar namea rendered phonetically or transliCerated are
- enclosed in parenCheaes. Worda or namea preceded by a ques-
Cion mark and encloaed in parenChesea were not clear in the
original buC have been eupplied asappropriate in context.
Other unaCCributed parenthetical notea within the body of an
- item uriginate with the source. Times within itema.are as
given by source.
The contents of this publication in no way repreaent the poli-
cies, viewa or aCtitudea of the U.S. Government.
COPYRIGHT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GO'VERNING 0'WNERSHIP OF
MATERIALS REPRODUCED HEREIN REQUIRE THAT DISSEMINATION
OF THIS PUBLICATION BE RESTRICTED FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY.
~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
JPRS L/8382
- 9 Apr~.l 1979
FRAf~CE: NUCLEAR, MISSILE, AND ~PACE DEVELOPMENTS
~ FOUO No. 457
CONTENTS PAGE
French, ~Zropean Space Progre.me Seen on the Move
- (Philip~e arazier; LE NOWEL ECONOMISTE, 5 Mar 79) 1
Planned Conetruction of Two More Reactora Reported
(LE MONDE, 8 Feb 79~ 7
- Aria.ne Iaunch Preparations Described
(Pierre Le~ngereux; AIR 8a COSMOS, 17 Feb 79) 9
Third Stage Problems Delay Isunch
Qualification c,f Miseile Range
F1.iture Market for Ariane Rock~ets Noted
- (Pierre Langereux; AIlt 8a C03~i03, 17 Feb 79) 15
Preparations for Ariane Le,unching Outlined
(LE MONDE, 6 Feb 79) 18
_ MATRA~s Toulause Space Activities Outlined
( Pierre Langereux; A~t & COSNf~S, 10 F~eb ?9 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Workinge of Private Nuclear F~el Cycle Induatries
- ( B . Kalthoff; ATOMdIl~TSCHAFT-ATOA~ECffi~TIIK, F~b 79 ) . . . . . . . . . 23
- a - [III - WE - 151 FOUO]
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
F~R OFFICIAL USE ONLY
FRENCH, EUROPEAN ~PACE PROGFAMS SEEN ON THE I~fOVE
Parie LE NOWEL ECO~;~JMISTE in French 5 Mar 79 pp 44-47
[Article by Philippe Grazier: "Space Induetry ic~ in Orbit"] ~
[Text] Frenchmen and Europeans are firmly determined to no longer~let Americana
monopolize apace. With the Ariane program, they are venturing forth into the
- induatrial world of apace,and under favorable conditione.
The apace war has indeed begun. It ie no longer a queation of epectacular
landings on the moon, or even of ecientific explorations, but of industrial
exploitation of space. This Wednesday, Minister of Industry Mdre Giraud will
brief the full cabinet on France's new epace goals ae determined in last week's
restricted cabinet meeting. Theee new goale will mean increased effort by both
Frenchmen and Europeaae in their campetition with Americans.
To participate in thie new industrial adventure, four requirementa have to be
met: have a launch veb~cle, know how to build operational [commercial]
eatellitea, be able to procees and uae the data furniehed by these ~atellites,
and displaq political determination. This enterprieing adventure ia of
European dimeneione rather than of atrictly French dimensions. Thia means the
~ fourth requirement, political determination or will, applies at all technical _
~ aad industrial stagee.
- Launch Vehicle Requirement
If everything goes well, the year 1979 should mark the end of the American
monopoly of placing heavq payloade into orbit. Thanks to the Ariane, a
conventional lauach vehicle quite comparable to NA~A'8 Atlae-Ceataur. Ariane
capitalizes greatly on the experience acquired by France with its seriea of -
Diamant launchera: 10 euccessful launches out of 12 attempts between 1965 and
1975, initiallp from the Hammaguir miasile base and then, as of 1970, from the _
apace center in Kourou~ Guiaaa. ~ _
Ae eaplained to LE NOWEL ECONpMI3TB bq Yvea Sillard, director general of the
National Center for Space Studiee (CNES), "Ariane'e importance reate in the
1
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
FOR O~FICYAL U5~ ONL';t
_ fact th~t it enables Europe to become independ~nt in launch matters and freely -
, pureuE ite own policy with respct to gppllcaC3one eaCellites." The point ie =
that up to nvw~ the Ur.ited StaCea hae capitalized on iCs monopoly of launch
vehicles to pick and chooee the eatellitee it would accept for launch: at '
- best~ NASA hae agreed to lauuch experimental-type eatellites.
~ Nence with Ariane, Europe can now en~er, at long 1ast, the era of operational
eatellites~ but at a financi.al coet of some 4.5 billion curre~~t franca, nearly
Cwo-thirds of which were fu.rnished by France. Ariane recenCly received
valuable recognition when it w~e selected ~y Inteleat (International Telecom-
munications Satellite Organization]. This agency manages a world-wide communi-
catione eatellite eyetem. From Early Sird in 1965 to Che present-day
Inte].sat 4'a, all of ita satellites have been launched by the United States.
, Yet even before ,Ariane's firet qualification launchea--in late 1979 and at
varioue times in 1980--the Inteleat board of governora representing national -
telephone syster~ye ordered ane Ariane launch from the European Spece Agency
(ESA). Ariane will, therefore, place into orbit, in July 1981, one of the last
three satellites of the Intelsat 5 series. The otbAr two will, in principle~
be launched by NASA's space ahuttle, the huge reusable apace vehicle on which
the Americans have decided to focus all their effort by finesaing on conventional
- type launchere beyond 1980~ and by davoting the fantastic aum of 22.5 billion
france to ita development (prome contractor: Rockwell International).
The IntelsaC order wae approved la~t December and signed in Paria on ~5 February.
It was coupled with an option for a eecond launch. This order has freed the -
Ariane program from a serious handicap, namely an inordinately exclusive
Europ.ean deetiny. It won Ariane international recognition. Roy Gibeon. ESA's
director general, told us: "Convincing Inteleat was a ma~or objective for us.
We have achieved that ob~ective but muat now move ahead, increase production of
_ the present series of operational Arianes, of couree, and also develop new
~ veraiona with improved performance characteriatics." Versions with an incre~aed -
- payload capability or the capability to launch two eatellites eimultaneously -
(the Syla syatem developed by Aerospatiale, Ariane'a industrial architect).
Pierre Uaunier, manager of Aeroapatiale'e epace and balliat~c syetems divieion,
indicated: "Up ~o now, we have been working at a production rate of two
launchers per year. But to meet demand we could double thia rate without
augmenting our induetrial facilitiea." At the European Propulsion Company (SEP),
_ the prime contractor for Ariane propuleion systems, Pierre Soufflet said it is _
poaeible "to multiply Ariane's capabilities by two."
Ariane alrgady hae a eignificant point in its favor. It ia more suitable than
the epace ehuttle for lifting a eatellite into a geoatationary or geosynchronouR _
orbit--the so-called "24-hour orbit--eome 36,000 kilometers above ttiie earth. , _
Thie is important becauae synchronous-orbiting satellitea will represent a very
- large part of the eome 200 nonmilitary satellites expected to be launched over
- the next 10 yeare. A good 30 of theae will undoubtedly be launched bq Europeans
- themselvee, with, in addition, thoee they will sell to foreign cuetomers through
Trans Space [propoaed commercial organization to handle Ariane program].
2
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
- FOR OF;~ICIAL USE ONLY
Operational Satellite Requiremer~t
Europe admi~:Cedly lage eubetantially behind th~ Amer~cana and SovieCe in thie
field. Thoea Cwo countriea have produced dozens of operational satellites,
indee~ hundr~%~s of them when you count the military eatellites which eonstitut~ _
. about two-thirds of a11 satellites currently in opera~ton. With respect to
nonm�llitary operational eatellitea alone, Hughes, 3eneral Electric, RCA, Ford
Aeroepace, Fairchild Induatriee, and Lockheed already have more than 140 to
their credit. NeverChelese, Europe need have no inhibitions in this respect.
It "can manage." For example~ the two Symphonie [commur.ications e~te111Ces]
are per~orming satiAfactorily. They were developed under a bilateral Franco-
_ German program approved i.n I967 and placed~in orbit in 1974 and 1975 by Ameri.c+~n
launchere. Furthermore, Ford Aero~pace did not heeitaCe to ask Aeroapatiale's -
_ apace and ballietic eyeteme divisfon and Thomeon-CSF to participaCe in develop-
ment and production of Che Intelaat 5 series nf eatellitee.
~ To meet European and international neede, two induatrial groupa were formed:
the MESH coneortium and th~ Eurosatellite group, a German chnrtered corporation.
MESH: eatabliehed in 1965. ~
Members: Aeritalia of Italy, Brixieh Aeroapace of Great Britain, ERNO-VFW-Fokker
of the FRG and Netherlanda, INTA of Spain~ and M,atra of France.
Specialties: 500-700 kilogram satellites.
~ Pro~ecta: TelQCOmmunications (ECS for ESA), maritime cummunicatione (Marecs
for ESA), plue for Matra: SPOT earth observation satellite and~ very likely,~
Telecom 1.
- Eurosatellite: eetablished in 1977.
Membera: Aeroapatiale of France, ETCA of Delgium, and 1~B of the Fsdecal
Republic of Ger~any.
Specialtiea: 1,000-kilogram heavy telecommunications platform.
Pro~ecta: studiee on direct television broadcasting via satellite; Phebus, _
H-Sat, and TV-Sat programa.
Capability of Proceasing, Uaing Data Furnished by Satellites _
Satellites offer practical applications pAeaibilities and attractive market
- proepects. The principal applicatione and markete are iu the crnmunications
field. The first such application was in intercnntiaental ao~unicatione: the
Intelsat system w~ag eetabliahed for thie purpoae. Then came the nse of satellites
for domestfc communicatir~ne: exietiag lana~line and radio relay co~unicationa
linke were euppleieented by oatellitea in Canada in 1973 bq Weatern Union and
in the United Statee in 1974 by RCA and Comeat General Corporatioa. Indonesia
- also installed its own eyetem, Palapa. Other countries aimply 3oined the Inteleat
club by leaeing traneponders onboard its eatellite.
3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Algeria was the firet to do this and wae followed by others. Jean Grenier.~
InteleaC's French governor, revQalsd: "New applicaCions for aervice are on
- Che agenda of every one o� our meetinge. As a result, In~teleat'e groes receipts
fnr 1978 amounted ro nearly 800 million franca."
Europeana haye become fully aware of Che prodigioua expanaion of the communica-
tions saCellite market in Europe, a market "destined to become ae large, indeed
even larger than the North American market before the end of the c~ntury." So
Europeans decided ehey too would provide ti?emselves ~ith a regional communica-
- Cions saCe111Ce eyetem. The European. Space Agency's EC~ [European Com~+unicationa -
Satellite] will conatitute that system. Ariane rock~ta will lift thie series of
satellitea into orbit beginning in 1981. EutelsPt--a atill prr,~risional organi-
zation--wil.l operate the aystem "somewhat in Intelsat faehion, l~ut for intra-
European commuuicatione," to quote Francoie Job, Eutelsat's secretary general.
The MESH consortium is producing the ECS. Matra ie responsible f.or the ECS
_ attitude control syetem aud for integrating theae satelliCes in its "clean
roc~ma," those eterilized and predeurized laboratories in which satellites are
aesembled. Noel Mignot, the mar~ager of Matra's apace division, told us: "We
have started a Gapital investment program in Toulouee to give us additional
- capacity for the aesembly of equipment bays for the Ariane. the ECS and a~eo
- other r~atellites."
Bttt the function of communicationa satellites ie not solely to handle telephone
calls. They also have the capability--conetantly being improved--of transmitting _
messages and images, of remote printing, and ~f providing teleconference and
data-bank aervicea. In other worde, these "a la carte satellitea" will conati-
tute a privileged inatrv.~ent for everything Simon Nora and Alain Minc have
" labeled with +the neologiem "telematique" [remote-controlled electronic data
procesaing].
As a matter of fact, a new generation of high-powered eatellitea are under
development in the United States. They will be launched wtthin the sext 2 years:
the Csnadian Teleeat and three American eyetems. The most advanced of the latter _
is the SBS (Satellite Bueiness Syatams) whoae chief promoter and future user ie
IBM, the giant of the computer industry. ~
In thi3 field of "integrated" commuaicationa satellite, France has choaen to
go it alone with ite Telecom 1 prnlect that will benefit, howevex, from
experience gained with the ECS� , ~1C'1~.~:am 1's promotexs clai+a "it will withstand
ao~arieon with the American SBS." Th~ syetem's definition atud.y wae conducted
~ointly by CNES and the General Telecummunications Directorate (DGT). Total -
system coat will be nearly 1.5 billion fr~ncs to be fina~.iced mainly from the
Telecommunicationa budget. Telecom 1 will particularly rel~eve congeation in
exiating comcnunicationa ayatema ~aithin France proper without requiring additional
capital apending on these systems. It will also provide communicationa links
with a certain number of overseas departmente and territoriea. Jean Syrota,
DGT's director for induetrial and ieternational affairs, explgined: "An
additional benefit to be derived from the Telecom 1 aqetem is that ~t will win
_ ~
FOR OPFICIAL USE ONLY
i
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
� FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
' coneidergble recognit~.on for our induaCry, thereby enabling France to carve a
place for itself in the export trade." Satelconoeia~ [d coma~unications eatellite
counsulting service] formed by CNES and France-Cable-Radio~ recently repligd
- to a request for propo~ale from Columbia.
The eecond ma~or field for the pracCical application of eaCellites is earth
_ obsarvation. Europe hae not yet formul~ated a epecific program fot eueh ~
satellitea. Cons~quently, laeC year France approved i.ta own earth obeervation
satellite, tnp SPOT pro~ect, at a coet of 700 million fran�s. iiill thia
pro~ect eventually be Europeaaized ae wae the Meteo~at weather aat~llite prmgram?
_ The etumbling block here ia military oppooition to au~h a move. I~ilitary
authorities are keenly interaeted in SPOT as evidenced by the follo~rl.ng comm~nt
from Pierre Sauliere, an adviser to the minister of defense: "In the near
future, our deCerrent would be blind without a setellite. Goneidering ite
uses, such a eatellit~ can only be military property."
= The last highly promiaing applicatimn ie one around t~hich Buropeane and
Japanese are currently "dar~cing a heaitaeion waltz." I refer to direct tele- -
- vision broadcasting. "A eort of television tranemitter installed at an
altitude of 36~000 kilometera and capable of beaming aeveral programe," is the .
way it was described to ua by Maurice Remy, general manager of Television Broad-
cssting of France (TDF). Programe broadcaet ~y euch eatellites can be picked
up dix~ectly through emall special, individual or comenmity, parabolic antennas.
The advantage for countriea that are atill without any television aervicea ie
that euch a sys~em enables them to diepense with all ground-based radio relay
and cable facilities. The advantages for a country like France are the elimina-
tion of those infamone "ehadow areae" [unreachable by atandard TV syBtena] and -
relief from the eaturation of frequenciea in current uae. There ia one disad-
vantage, however, for the public--not for manufactureres-~whose aets have to be
converted to receive eatellite telecasta. Recent etudiea sooneored by Buroapace
(European Space Research Induetrial Group), among others, in,dicate that by the
late 1980's capital apanding for direct TV boradcasting will exceed auch invest-
ment for conventional�TV broadcasting methode. The billions of franca at stake
and the anticipated political and cultural influeacee explain the conspicuous
lack of any conaenaus on the ESA's proposeS experimental TV satellite, deeig�iated
H-Sat. Ea~h country wants to look out for number on~, the German TV-Sat project
being a particular case in point. Neverthelese, in the absence of a broader
- conseneus, development by two or three countries of a common heavy platform
within the Euroeatellite coneortium would have the advantage of being more
economical than purely national pro~ects. Why, eome peraona t~sk, couldn't
France and the~FRG equip their own eatellites ~i!th suitable electronic gear-- _
Thomson-CSF or AEG Telefunken--the eame vaq Air ~rance and Lufthansa uae aimilar
Airbus transporte but each b~aring their respective national colo~rs? Such an
approach would retain the advantages of cooperation and eafeguard Europe's
ct~ances . in the Frorld market.
Wae any headway made on the direct broadcaat TV ~atellite program at the recent
Franco-GermaA summit meeting? Unqueationably, but not to the point of being
able to mak~e a decieion on 7 March [at the cabinet meetingJ. A few more months
5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
FOR qFFICIAL USE ONLY
of etudies and ~alka are ne~essary. The French Government has seill not -
andwered "yee" to rhe two following questione: Is it in Frence's intereet
to provide it~elf with a direct broadcaet TV eatellite eyetam? Ia such a
syetem a ma~or export iCem? While a decieion o� furt;her Ariane development and
on initiation of the French Telecom 1 pro~ect wae in+perative, euch is not y~t
the case with the direct TV satellite qunetion. In fact, Chia attitude was -
- suggested by the "Cannac report" eubmiCted a few weeks ago to Matignon [prime
miniaCar's office] and to tu.: Elyeee Palace by ite author, Yvea Cannac, presi-
dent of Havae.
In apace related matCera, France m~~st reconc:ile ita deep concern for indep~ndence
in certain fielde with the neceaeity of Europear. cooperation, while at the same
time finding wurk for its induatry and eparing ita budget. These are quite a _
- few imperative requirements demanding simulraneoue soluCion.
Key Figures on French S~ace Effar~
Space Budget for 15?7~: 1.46 billion franca. _
Peraous employed in space effort: CNES, 1,000; indue~try, 3,000.
Volume of space-related businese by principal induetrial
firms in 1978 (millions of francs): Aeroapatiale, 3C?0*;
SEP, 340*; Matra, 295; and Thomeon-CSF, 200*.
*approximate
8041
CSO: 3100
6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
I~'OR OFrICIAL USE ONLY
PLANNED CONSTRUCTION OF TWO I~RE REACTORS REPORTED ~
' Paris LE MONDE in French 8 Feb 79 p 32
~Article by B,D.: "France Will Conetruct 1~ao A~dditional Reactora"~ ~
- ~Text~ In a Communication to the Coiincil of Miniatere on 7 Februasy
Mr Giraud should recall the mechanisms according to which petroleum
~ products priGea are set: the dollar's rate of exchange in the past two
months, the price of unrefined oil and the profit margin of the retailera.
Th~e pricea, which will be applicable as of 15 February, will be kno~an only `
a.few days in advance, however, and the idea of creating a apacial "pool"
fo~r ~~u.rchasing oil at thr free market price aeems to have been aband~~ned. ~
, A;limited council, wtiich met on 6 February at the presi.dent's office to examine
avttilable French atock,~ of hydrocarbons, has aZso deaided that Cwo more
~ reactars ahould be builr at the Gravelines site in sthe north and thaC the
construcCion of the aecond reactor at Cattenom in the Lorraine ahould b~ `
- speeded up. France is gning t~ accelerate her nuclear program and intenaify
her efforts to save energy. That wae tha result of the limited ministerial
council hel~ on 6 February at the president's office and presided over by
C is card d'Estaing, which had been convened to examine French supplies
of petroleum products over the medium and long term ran~e. "The President _
of the Republic," anaounced preside~rttal spokesman M r Hunt, "has gaked -
that, in view of the uacertain outlook, the national effort now underway
to save energy and to pursue the electro-nuclear inatallations progra~ -
shou~d continue."
While recent e2ectric power shortages would have suggeated the establiehment
of new installationa in the weatern part of France, Giacard d'Estaitng has
choaen the sites of Cattenom in the Lorraine and of Gravelinea in the north
for the installation of equipment as soon as poasible. Of course, this is
_ aimed at maintaining employmer.t in two regions that have been particularly
hard hit by unemployment.
7
- FQR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
I
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
rulc UMr'1l;lAL USI: UNLY ~
I~ wus decided ro construct two more insCallaeione at Gravelinea An a aite
which already numbere four othera Chat will become operational in 1979 ~nd -
1980.
' At Cattenom~ th~ second 1300 megawatt reactor which ahould have been e~arred
- in 1980, will now eCart nt pracCicaXly the same time as the firat during
tiie course af thie year. The Cwo reackore will not be put inCo aervice -
before 1986 or 1987. That means that in 1985 the nuclear portion af. France's
energy aupply w;Lll hardly exceed 20 percent, about 5 percent less than the
_ goals defined by a planni,ng comwi.saion in February 1975~
However, this daciaion has already generated numeroua protests. For
instance, Phillipe Saint-Marc, member of the informatian council on electro-
- nuclear energy and a Giscardian candid;:te at the 1978 elecCiona, wri'tea: -
"The governmAnt'9 deciaion to apeed up the nuclear program aignificantly
ia a serious economic and ecological error. Under the mantl~ of a atate `
secret the nuclear progrAm runa the riak of becoming, on a financial plane,
n new Concorde,"
The energy eaving ~rograma will also be atarted again. In a communication ~
to the Council of Ministers on 7 February, Minieter of Induatry Giraud ~
' mentions the utilization of ttie "pool" during Che last quarter of 1978. -
. based on fuel pricea end which was establiahed thanka to the deva~uaCion -
of the dollar. The 520 million francs that were thu~ "collected" have been
fully tranaferred to the Energy Saving Agency. Ztiis entity will require
420 million in 1979 to stimulate buainessmen to invesC in the ffeld of
energy savings. It is in fact in the industry aector that this effort has -
been least effective. Of the 15 million tons of oil or ita equivalent,
. which were to have been savpd in 1978 (a figure below the objectives of
the planning commiasion), induatry's share represented only 2 million tons
of oil ur its equivalent. The agency will therefore offer a premium of
400 francs for each ton of oil saved for induetrial investmenta.~
The limited council at the prAsident's office has deci~led, moreover, to _
diversify the geographical distribution of hydrocarbon supplies and t~ -
associate the oil companies with the objectivea for commercial exchazgea
with oil-producing countries and the imperative need for secure supplies.
9z91 ~
CSO: 3100
8
_ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
FOR OFFICYAL USF ONLY
' i
~
� .
ARIANr: LAUNCH,PREPARATIONS DESCRIBED _
Third Stage Problems Delay Launch ~
Paris AIR & COSMOS in French�17 Feb 79 pp 33-3G
[Artic].e bq Pierre Lan~ereux: "Schedulin~ First Launch for 3 November 1979
Ys Calculated Riek"] . .
[Text] At its 17 January meeti.ng, ttie Ariane Yrogram Board announced that
the first test flight of the Arigne ~.aunch ~rehicle had been poatponed from ' _
_ mid-June 1979 to 3 November 1979. This poatponement stems direct~y frnm the -
- de].ay in deveiopment ~f the third at$ge with its cryogenic propulsion syetem
as s result of the expl.osion on November 1978. -
This decision rai~ea the question of why the firat lgunch was pvatponed
- "merely" to 3 Navember 1979, inasmu~h as by that date only the first two
' stgges,of the rocket will have been regularly test-atand qualified. In ~
other words, why ie CNES [NaCional Center for Space $tud~ea~ taking the risk ~
- of not waiting until compl~tian of the two qualification otatic firinga af
the thir.d stage--the most critical--before proceeding with the fi~st launch
- which ia of auch tremendou~~ political and psychological importance? Especially
after the failure of the ~uropa 2 rock~t, a fiasco atill fr~sh in everyone's -
memory! What weuld happen to the Ariane program 3f its aerias of test
flights were to likewise open wi~h a apectacular failure? ~
~ No Delay ir~ Becoming Operational , -
Frederic d'Allest, CNES Ariane program manager, explained the whys and
- whereforea to the press at the first unveiling of Ar~!ane in Guiana on
- 5 February. Alleat said technical conaiderations had prompted the aelection -
= of 3 November 19I9 se the date for Ariane's first launch. He maintained _
that CNES had not Iet itaelf became involved in any vainglorious ~imetable
rivalry with the An?erican space shuttle whoae firat flight was likewise
~ recently postponed. In Chis case to 9 November 1979. Thie closenesa of the
= two launchea is only a fortuitous coincidence--at lea~t se far as th~ European
_ ai3e is concerned--in that CNES had announced the new Ariane launch d~te 3
- days before NASA made its annuuncement.
9 -
- ~ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
~OR ONFICIAL U5~ ONLY
After the accident Co thA third etage~ the firet launch obvioualy could no.
� longer go on in mid-June es planned. One poseible alternative vould have
been to await the third gtage's teet-aCand qualif ication. But All.eet expl~ined
this would have meant poetponing the first Cest flighC to March 1~80, in
other words 9 monChe later than planned. This delay would have usied up all
of the program's contingency _~nds and timetable, and as an immedi.ate cunse-
quence, Ariane'e operational availability would have been deferrecl to mid-1981
- instead of end-1980 as planned. Such a delay would have greatly clieadvantnged
Ariane in its competition with the space dhuttle by dieappointing the Euro-
pean launch vehicle's first cuatomers.
boubts About Third 5Cage
Consequently CNES and BSA [European Space Agency] preferred takinf~ a cal- _
culaCed riek by subetantially deferring the firet two Ariane launc:hes but
wiChout delaying either completion of the teet launch eer~es or tt?e launch
vehicle's operational availability. The operation coneiate in talr.ing maxi-
mttm precautione to ensure eucceeeful initial launchea under less t:han ideal
conditione, and in banking on the abeence of any serioue problem t~equiring _
solution during the 12-month flight teeting period.
CN~S prefers to proceed, without excessive waiting, to launch the firat
Ariane so as to flight test thoae elements already qualified--opet~ation
of the firet and second steges. stage separation. release of the ~?ayload
firing, guidance and control, etc.--and thus cover a large part of. the
rocket's flight envelope. E~en if thie meana accepting a third a~age mal-
function, an incident that could~ hawever~ preclude placing a satellite
in orbit, that spectacular croWning event of any launch vehicle firing.
It is also possible, hawever, that everything aill run amoothly, even with
the upper stage that will previously have undergone numeroua pre-�light
testa. In fact, CNES has preecribed mandatory teate before the firet launch
(launch vehicle LO-1). Between now and June~ it will have conducted tvo or
three other etatic firings of the third etage in battleahip configuration
plus two complete test-bench rune with the new stage in flight configuration,
i.e. a atage replacing the one dameged laet Novesnber.
~ In addition, a reviear of the complete launch vehicle's flyability ie io be
conducted in June. This will allow the SEP (European Propuleion Companyj
to still make modificatione in the third stage--if and as required--in ~
June and July before ehipping it to Guiana for the firat launch. Thie
final project revieW of the launch vehicle and launch aite vill pe~it con-
Eirmation of the launch date and initiation of the pre-launch program.
The stagea of the first Ariane rocket (LO-1) are currenCly being ~saembled:
the firat atage in Aerospatiale's Launcher Integration Site (SIL) in Les
Mureaux near Parie, the ~econd atage in ERNO'e plant in Bremen~ Germany.
10
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
I~UR OFFICIAI. U5E ONLY
The LO-1 launcher'e third etage ie expected to arriv~e et Lee MureNUx about
mid-February and assembly of the launcher'e "upper part" is echeduled for
April. Follow~ng integrated electrical teeting ~n April and May, the rocket -
will be dieaeeembled, placed in ite container, and delivered to CNES for
ehipment to Guiana by freighter sometime between mia-July and mid-Auguet.
The pre-launch program in preparation for the firing of the Ariane LO-1
in Guiana Will begict 15 Auguet 19~9. It will laeC 2-1/2 montha up to the
echeduled 3 November 1919 launch at 1200~ plus~ or minus 3 hours. Z'~e opera-
. tion will be aupported by all of the Guiana Space CenCer's facilitiee plue
the CNES snd ESA tracking networks. It will involve some 1,000 pereona at
the space center and at damrange etatione in Brazil and Aecension Ieland
(U. S. satellite tracking center). including epproximately 100 payload
techniciane: The ~.0-1's payload will conaiet only of a technological cap-
sule to monitor conditione aboard the launcher. After this firet firing,
_ restoration of the Ariane launch pad will take ebout 2 months and ~he pre-
- launch program for launch vehicle LO-2 another 2 montha. The LO-�2 launch is
scheduled for 15 March 198(1, unless a serious incident occura during the LO-1 �
laun~h thereby forcing postponement of the second flight.
Qualification of Miseile Range
- Parie AIR b COSlfOS in French ~7 Feb 79 pp 35-36
. (Article by Pierre Lange:eux: "Technical and Operational Qualification of
- Missile Range"J
[Text] Reactivation of the Guiana miesil~e.range has been unde~ray since late
1977. Thie is a twofold taek: technical qualiflcation and operational
qualificatiQn. J. P. Rouzeval, director of Ariane operations in Guiana,
told us the objective of the reactivation program is to bring Guiena Space
Center facilities back up to acceptable standards aad train pereonnel, most
of them new, for the purpoae of launching Ariane rockets, including ineertion
of their payloeds 3nto orbit.
- Technical qualification of the miasile range, specifically the faeilities of
the CSG [Guiana Space CenterJ in Rourou and of the three do~mrange atatione,
_ ' on 1 February 1979.
= This technical qualification validated the Infraetructure and Equipment
Renovation Plan (PRIE) implemented by CNES to replace or m~:dernize certain
CSG facilities--position findings telemetry, and co~m~unicatio~:~ p;;:ipn~ent--
that had either reached the end of their service life-10 yeare--or w:~re
inadequate to handle the launching of a rocket like Ariane.
For example. under the PRIE the poaition finding aqstem's electionic data
_ proceseing equipment--computfr. softvare. and con~o~.e8--4ras renovated and
reconfigured differently--"dietributed" data proc~eing--for its nea miasion.
11
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
FOR 1)PFICIAL USE ~TIIY
'Celemetry equipment waa also completely repl~ced ~o adapt it to new etandarde
_ (E-bnnd). Communicationa facilitiee have been moderni~ed nr?d expanded.
= Operationel Qualification in Late April -
Operational qualification of the tniesile range began in January 1979 and
ie expected to be completed ttiie May, with complete acceptance of the
mie~ile range echeduled for lat.e April.
Thie operational qualification is being conducted in two phaees: the firet
for the CSG alone, the eecond for all facilitiee of the Guiana misaile '
range thaC make up the Ariane Launch Baee (BLA). Thie base includes all ~
CSC faciliCiee in Kourou and the three downrange tra~ecCory seaeurement
stationa--at Salinopolis and Natal in Brazil and on Aaceneion Is~and--ae _
well as the Ariane Launch Complex (ELA) in Kourou.
'I'he ELA proper includee the launch pad complete with eervice tarer (or
gantry)~ propellent etorage tanlce~ and launch control center, ae vell ae the
vehicle aeeembly building with ite checkout facility, and the pAyload--
satellitea and apogee motore--preparation building.
'Propellant Mock-Up' .
Qualification of the BLA ie being conducted witt~ the Ariane "refueling
mock-up" (MR), also called "propellant mo~k-up," erected on ite lannch
pad ae the f light vehicles aill be. It ~�ae thie full-acale "propellant
mock-up"--eimilar in a11 respects to a real rocket--that aas umeiled for
the firat time on 5 February to the press and representativee of the member
atatea of ESA'e Ariane Program Board. ~
- The "propellant mock-up" will be used to develop and refinc procedures for
erecting the rocket the air conditioned tover, and also procedurea for
manual and automr.tic refueling of the ]auncher'e fuel tanks. It is also
employed for vi.~rational and climatic E~nvironmeatal reating of the conplete _
rocket. -
The launcher's first refueling teat waF: scheduled for on or about 20 February.
As in the case of an actual launch~ thE~ test begine `rith the complete refuel-
ing of the third stage--firet ~rith liquid oxygen and then ~rith liquid hydro-
gen--so as to familiarize launch crewe~vith tt~eee crqogenic propellante being
used for the first time in a European rocket.
- This procedure is sleo folla+ed in filling, last of all, the firat and
second etegea with atorable propellas~ts--UDHN and N204--that irreversibly
"contaminate'~ these tanka becauee there are no plane to decontaminate fuel
tenkA 1n Cuiana ae ie common practice for teat-etand rune. �
~
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
_
FOR OFFICIAL US~ ONLY
It ie planned to fill and drain the Chird sCage five or eix times before
fueling the lower etages. This is done both automatically (nonml procedure)
end manually (backup procedure). The backup procedure for draining the third
etage--onc~s the f~el eupply lines have been diaconnected--will also be tested
= by freely venCing the tanks Co allow propellante to evaporate in 18-20
houra. All these operatione with cryogenic fuela will, of course, be con-
ducCed with the tower withdrawn eo ae to avoid the riak of exploeion through
hydrogen accumulation. Plana call for Chree withdrawals of the 900-ton
service towex per week; it takea 5 hours to detach the rocket.
Final 5 Minutea
Rafueling trials with the propellant mock-up are echeduled Co be completed
by 15 April. The mockup, will than be uged for "testing Che eynchronized
launch sequence" which correeponde to the finel S minutes preceding ignition.
A11 m3seile range facilities are involved in theae tests. The launch sequence
- is fully autometic because of the complexity and number of operatione and
checks to be accompliehed at apecific timeo. Soaie 1,200 parameters have to
be continuouely monitored on the rocket up to lift-off. If all preacribed
conditions are met, the ignition order is iesued automatically. The fa~aoue
~ "red button" the director of operatione uaed to prees not so long ago ie
_ now on2y an acceeeory. A computer ownitora all operations at the epeed of
light. At the slightest irregularity--a parameter outeide preecribed limite--
the computer automatically halta the countdo~m which vill then have to
"reAtart from ~ero," i.e. from 4-8 minutes. And this as long as all para- .
metera are not nominal. CNES ie going to practice thie procedure during
_ a period of 3 Weeks with the objective of euccessfully going through the
entire synchronized launch eequence wlthout incident at leaet three times.
The Ariane mockup will also br ueed for simulating counCdo~ma lasting 19
houra! These teete will also be used to train crevs to react quickly and
correctly in case of an incidenC and this up to lift-off. The countdown
can actually be suePended at any time up to 3 seconda after ignition, that
is to say only 4 aeconda before lift-off (i.e. When rocket is released from
the arms or catchea holding it do~+n on the launch pedestal), for example, in
_ caee of ineufficient thruet from the firat atage's four Vi.king engir~es (245
tone of thruat).
- No deciaion hae qet bepn made about diapoeition of the "propellant mockup"
after theae teats. Since it cannot be launched~ it Will either be scrapped
or aent back to Prance vith the ehipping containera. But it Will not be
exhibited at the Parie Air Show as had once been discusaed. A regular
aackup will take its place.
13
FOR OFFICIAL USE OIdLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
FOR OPFICIAL USE ONLY
Simulation With Aircraft, Sounding Rockets, SaCelliCes
Sim~lationa conduCCed by the Guiana miseile range Co represent the rocket's
flight conditione employ varioua meane euch as wired ("cabled") eimulators,
magnetic Cepe r~ecordingg, or such mobile meane as aircraft~ sounding rockete,
and eatellites.
Two air.craft have been used: the Kourou Aero Club's Piper Cherokee and an
Xavante on loan from Brazil. Theee aircraft were equipped with radar trane-
porders, telemetry and remote control transceivers to enable ground-based
antennas and radarra to track them and transmit eignals.
Four French solid-propellant sounding rockete are also being used for opera-
tional qualificarion of the miesile range: one eingle-stage Dauphin rocket
= and three two-atage Eridan rockete. Theae are equipped like the aircraft to
s~ecifically teaC posiCiona finding and safety eystema, as we11 as aupport
facilities. M Eridan eounding rocket wae fir.ed on 23 November 1978 to check
the CSG's state of readinese. The teat was deemed eatiefactory. A Dauphin -
sounding rocket wae fired on 7 February 1979: thie Wae the firat CSG launch
made in the "Ariane configuration." Another Eridan ie to be fired in early
June to test the miesile range's "dawngraded configurationa"--i.e. configura-
tion allowing mieeion to be accomplished but with leas redundancy--and train
crews in action to be taken in case of incident~ a radar failure for example.
The laet Eridan rocket will be fired 30 or 35 daqs before the Ariane launch, -
during the LO-1 pre-launch program.
The American GEOS C eatellite equipped with two coded radar tranapondera
is also bo be uaed by CNES to qualify co~ounications links between the CSG -
and downrange statione in Natal and Ascension Island. This satellite flys -
over several times per day at a speed of 1,935 metera per second and aiawlatea =
the Ariane rocket that will have to be tracked by the CSG and downraage
stations for 14 minutes (840 seconde) of flight until insertion of the pay-
load into a trenafer orbit. The problem ie one of getting creae of the
different statione thoroughly trained to acquire and lock on tc~ the rocket,
and then transfer it from one to the other as quickly as possible: radar
operators on Aeceneion Island will have only 60-80 eeconde in which to fix
upon the rocket and "parallax" their radare before the Natal radars have
finished their taek. During testa, station measagea are routed by Intelsat
setellites via ground atationa in the United Statea and Guiana to the
CSG's launch control center.
COPYRIGHT: AIR ~ COSMOS, Paris, 1979
8041
CSO: 3100
14 ~
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
~
FOIt OFFICIAL USL ONLY
FUTUItE MARKET FOR ARIANE ROCKETS NOTED
_ Parie AIR & COSZlOS in French 17 Fab 79 pp 37,39
[Article by Pierre Langereux: "A Market for 40-SO Rocketa Over 10-Year
Period" ]
[TextJ A new market reeearch etudy made by CNES [National Center for Space
StudieaJ and ESA (Luropean Space Agency~ with the help of the Eurosat coneor-
tium estimeCes there ie a"reaeonable" market for eome 40 to SO Ariane launch
vehicles in tDie next decade (1981-1990) on the baeie of a vorldWide market
for at leaet 200 eatellites.
The aseumption ueed for thie eetimate reet on two main pointa:
a. The development and launching of epace eystems in Europe~ ayetems already
approved in principle and for ahich there is a very high probability of
obtaining a formal go-ahead during the next 3 yeara.
b. Export prospects for European apace aqatems in the face of American cmn-
petition. .
European Harket for 31-34 Satellites
1'he European market's ehare of th~s eatimate is 31-34 satellitea. This share
ia thrae-fourthe or three-f~fthe of the entire estimated market. It includes
15-17 eatellitee for ESA. 9-10 for France. and 7 for other European programa.
Tt~ia market reeearch atudy asaumee the following eatellitea Will be launched
during the period 1981-1990:
a. Ztio or three ESA scientific satellitea, the firet of wfi ich, Exosat
(astronomy eatellite), ia alreedy approved and Will be launched in 1981.
b. Three Ftench obeervation satellites, including the SPOT (Earth Reeources -
Obaervation Satellite) noa under development and echeduled for launch in
latp 1983-early 1984~ and two other satellites of the eame type to provide
continuoue syetem operation and developmen[.
~5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
FOR OFT+ICIAL U5~ ONLY ~
c. One or two observatfon eatellites for E5A which ie currently atudying
auch pro~ecte ae LASS ~nd COMSS.
d. Th:ee geoetaCionary Meteoeat weather aatellites to eneure conetgnt
cove:age ChroughouC the n~xt decade. The firet of this serieb, Meteoeat 3,
may be launctied in 1982.
e. T~o technologic~l satellitee designed to teat techniques and eystema
- for materials proceseing in apace, a field that ia likely to expand greatly
in the period 1990-2000. ~'rance ie already preparing euch a satellite pro-
~ect with ite Minos etudy.
f. Four geoatationary connnunicatione satellitea: EC5 [European Communica- -
tions SatelliKe~ 1, 2, 3~ and 4 to be launched in late 1981~ late 1982, 1985,
and 1986 respectively by ESA for the "Interim EutelsaC" organization that
will operate them commercially.
g. Three MARECS (Maritime Communicatione SatelliteJ to be placed in geo-
stationary orbit in mid-1981 (Marece B). early a.982 (Marecs C), and late
1982 (Mareca D), on condition that Europe reaches an agreement with the
United States on ~oint use of thege aetellitee.
h. Three national communicatione eatellitea for the French Telecom ~~,ro-
ject sponaored by CNES and the D~"f [General Telecommunications Directorate].
Thia project ie now up for government approval (at a 28 Febru~ry 1979
cabinet meeting). The firet Telecom 1 eatellites could be launched into
geoatationary orbit during the a~econd half of 1982 and in mid-1983.
i. Seven direct televiaion broadcaeting satellites for use in three Euro-
pean national televieion systema, for example~ in France. Cermany, the Scandi-
navian countriea. etc. Theae eatellites could be launChed into geo-
etationar.y orbit beginning in 1983.
Three to four "other applicationa eatellites" that would actually be
French military eatellitea, auch ae~ for example. the SAMRO military obser-
vation satellites currently under etudy. Theee could be launched b~eginning
in th~ mid-1980's.
- ExpArt prospects for eatellites made in ~urope and/or launch eervicea for
satellites made abroad--mainly in the USA--are based easentially on the mar-
ket for geoatationary point-to-point communicatione and direct televiaion
broadcas[ing eatellites.
Export ltarket for 11-22 Satellitea `
The communications 8atellite market outside Europe and the United Statea has
long been dominated by American industry. It will probably rQmain such and~
therefore, be difficult for Europe to gain a foothold in thie market. Never-
_ thelees, French and European authorities eatimate they will lauach same S to
16
FOR OPFICIAL USE ONLY -
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
~
~ FOR OFFICIAL.U5~ ONLY
10 geoeCationary eaCe111tes from 1981 to 1983 for the establiehmen" of two
to four naCional or regional communicatione eye~eme in auch countries ga
Iran, India, the Arab League~ and certain South American countri~e, Columbia
noCablq, end perhape in Indonesia also.
But the moeC attractive proopecte are probably offered by direct TV broad-
caeCing eyetems. According Co CNES and European manufacturers: "It is
certain that the operational demonstration of such a powerful inatrument
ae TV broadcaeting via eat~llite may posaibly accelerate exieting pro~ecte
in a large number of countrles, projecte that currently ~till have a very ~
indefiaite timetable." Thie could be thQ case in Eur~pe the moment ane country -
decides to uoe euch a eyetem~ but likPwiee in Middle East countries like
Saudi Arabia, in 3outh Atoerica and Africa~ particularly in thoee countries
where the ground-based i.nfraetructure ie etill nonexietant nr cover~ only
limited territory. The market research atudy estimates four to eiRht direct
TV broadcasting eatellites will be launched for the establiehment of two to
four direct broadcaeting syetems in thes~ countriee after 1983.
The at~dy also eetimatea two to four eatellites will be lxunched for euch large -
international arganizationa using space communicationa a8 Intelsat and Inmarsat.
Inteleat has already ordered one launch of the Int+~leat S eatellite by the -
_ Ariane launch vehicle far April or July 1981 and holda an option on a -
second launch. I~areat will have ita own eatellites to be launched during
the naxt decade.
A 5.5 to 7.5 Billion Franc Deal
In eummary, thie market reaearch etudy liata a total of 42 to 46 satellites
to be launched between 1981 and 1990, including 17-25 conmunfcations satel-
lites and 11-15 direct TV broadcasting eatellitee that repreaent betrreen
70 and 85 percent of the total markett Conaequently the market for Ariane
launch vehiclee definitely liea, ea expectpd, in apace communicationa and
launchee into geostationary orbit. The reat of the market is divided among
three weather satellites, four or five obeervation eatellitea, two technolo-
gical satellitee, t`+o or three ecientific space research eatellitee~ and three
or four military space vehiclee. �
This market of 42-56 satellites actually repreaente only 36-46 launchea~ given
Ariane's dual-paqload launch capability that will become available in 1983.
- The market reaearch etudy estimates there will be approximately 6 to 10 dual-
payload launchea. But if we add an additional five or six launch vehicles
on the basie of a succesa probability of 90 percent--compgrable to the U.S.
probabillty+--thea ae obtain an eetimated overall market for aome 40 to 50 pro-
duction seriea launch vehicles in the 10-year period from 1981 to 1990. Based
on an average coet price of 135-150 million francs per launch vehicle in thie `
aeriea, this market of 40-SO vehiclea repreeents a 5.5 to 7.5 billion franc
deal for European induetry.
COPYRIGHT: AIR b COSNOS. Parie~ 1919
Cgbl 3100
- 17
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
FOR O~FICIAL USE ONLY ~
1
PREPAItATIONS FOR ARIANE LAUNCHING OUTLINED
_ Paria LE MbNDE in French 6 Feb 79 p 17
[Article "Ariane Makes its Appearance in Guiana" by Maurice Arvonnyj
[Textj A commercial company wot~ld eneure the ea1Q of the European rockeC.
Kourou--Thia Mondap 5 February [sic]~ a white eilhouette will be outlined
on tMe flat eavannah of the Space Center of Guiana. A~uat-completed model
, of the Ariane rocket ~auncher will move out of ita assembly tower. For
Kourou, a aettlement of 6000 people who live, more or lesa, on the 80 million
- frares which the cgnter in~ecte annually into ~che economy of ~ui.ana~ thie
operation eymbolizes the return to a lucky period, punctuated by spectacular
launch~ngs, after five yeara of elumber.
The symbols are misleading: Thie Ariane that will be aeen fxom afaY is only '
_ a"mockup model." The rocket body ia quite real and so are the tanks, but
the engines are of old vinCage, used up by the exper~ments and the entire
delicate electronic equipment for navigaCion of the rocket ie misatng. ~The
mockup will never fly. It will be subjected to several cyclea of ~illing and
emptying the tanka to esta~lieh the exact procedurea to be follawed before
launchings; then it will be taken back to the tow~r and completely diase-
sembled. .
The firat real rocket launcher moet of whoae componenta have already been
constructed, will thea be aesembled. On 3 November, the 18~ tona af propergol,
which it will contain, ahould permit it to put a emall capsule full of inea-
suring instruments into orbit. This firat shot, known as qualificstion
launching, wi11 be a"trial run."
Ordc~rs Placed for Nine Hodela
Three further qvalification shots will fo11oW in 198J, With real loads to
~o into orbit. Then the operational phase of the program Will begin: starting
in 1981, Kour~iu ehould see three or four launchinga annually. The European
Space Agnecy (~SA) ie couating on some 50 poeeible launchinge in the course
of the caming decade.
18
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY '
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850ROOQ1 QOQ4Q018-7
Fntt OrT~'ICIAL USE ONLY
Actually, c~nly nine models of Che Ariane have been ordered; �our for qual-
ification shote and five for commercial launchinge. But the number of aa-
tellltes actually agreed upon~ whtch Ariane will puC into orbit, ie higher;
it will grow even larger if, on 28 February, the Council of Miniatere of the
French government ehould decide on the construction of nationgl aatellitea
for telecommunication and television. A new seriea of five or aix rocketa
will thua go on order during the current year.
~ For the preceding examples a unenimoua deciaion of the ESA council composed
of representatives of 11 govarnmenta was neceasary. Thia pYO~cedure~ quite
normal during the development phase of the program ~:equiring budgetary con-
tributions froro all the participating counCriea, ma~y prove to be excesaively
- burdensome �or eome of the commercial rocket launch~era whoae eale will covPr
Che manufacturing coet. Th~ National Center for Space Studies (CNES)~ which
is the prime contractor of the Ariane for the ESA, iR thus conaidering the
formation of a commercial company, Tranepace, whose shareholdera, in addition
- to the CNES, will be the principal European induatrialists constructing the
Ariane rocket launcher.
Transpace will reliEVe the ESA of the taske of dealing with cuatomere and
' obtaining bank credita, mattere not exactly within the experitae of the ESA
as an international body for epace development. However~ aome member natfons
of the agency seem to have reaervationg with regerd to thie auggeation emen-
ating from the French Minieter of Industry by way o~ the CNES. They fear
a~diminution of the role of the ESA. Such a solution would also pose the
problem of the launching pad at Kourou~ which belongs to the ~SA and ia
financed by specific contributions from the member countries. The creation
of Transpace gnd the definition of ita relationa with the ESA, in particular,
will require some complicated negotiatfons. These ought to be terminated
quickly Ro as not to delay future ordere for rocket launchera and launching
thems~elvea. -
9291
CSO. 3100
~9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
I~'Ult Ul~F1CCAL U51: ONI,Y
MATRA'S TOULOUSE SPACE ACTIVITIES OUTLINED
Paria AIR & COSMOS in French 10 Feb 79 p 12
_ (Article by Pierre LangereuxJ
(TextJ The MATRA Company ~uat announced on 31 Jaeuary 1979 that thia
summer it is going to combine the greater portion of ita epace act�;vitiea
and facilities for programa in progreae and thoae of the future. Th~ new
MATRA apace cenCer at Toulouse will therefore be directed toward three
sectora of activity: telecommunicatinne satellitea with the ECS (of the
ESA [European Space Agency]) and ita derivatives; earth observation
satellitea with SPOT (of France) and ite derivatines; and equipment -
groupa for the European Ariane launches. The apace division of MATRA, _
whose general manegement remains at Velizy, near'Paris, will henceforth
- include two apace centers: Toulouse, to serve ae general contractor for
programe, and for syatema engineering and aesembly and Velizy for tech-
nology and equipment.
Expansion in Two Stages
The schedule for decentralization contemplates that the SPOT and Ariane ~
pro~ect units will be tranaferred from Velizy to Toulouee thie aummer.
This involves 30 peraons, of whom 15 will be new employees.
Conetructi,on nf the new MATRA center, installed upon 6 hectarea in the
Montaudran 2 induatrial zone, to be added to the existing center, will
be effected in two atages:
The firat stage, to b e opened for service during the aecond quarter of
1980, comprisea three new buildinga with floor space of 7,000 aquare
- meters~ of which 1,000 will be occupied by white rooms and 1,000 by
shops. It ie planned to begin conatruction in July 1979. This atage
repreaenta an investment of about 40 million francs and creation of
SO new joba~ of which 50 will be filled by local hiring.
(Photo Captionj Claude Gourmy, Chief of the Studie8 and Integration
Section of the Space Division of MATRA, will be the director of MATRA's
new space center at Toulouse.
20
FOR OFFICIn:. USE UNLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
i
,
FU:t OFFICIAL U5~ ONLY -
The aecond eCag~ ie coneir~gent upon MATRA's work load for the new pro- -
grams now in the proceas of being defined, that is, the derivaCives of -
th~ SPOT and ECS. It involves Ch~ acquisition of another 4 hectarea _
upon which Co erect 5,000 s~quare metere of buildinga which wi'l1 include
an additionel 2,000 aqu~re meters of white rooms. Construction ahould
, begin in July 1980 in order for completion to be achieved in the aecond
quarter c+f 1981. This atage repreaenta creation of 100 new joba, 80 of
them to be filled locally.
- In toCal, the ataff of the new MATRA epace center at Toulouoe ahould
number 250 persone by Che end of 1981, half of them engineera and man-
- agement personnel, a~nd Che other half techniciana and other employeeo.
Activities in Progresa
MATRA was inatalled, in March 19''S~, in the Montandran zone, near the
CNES [National Center for Space Studiea] and the text facilities of~ ~
SOPOMEA [Specialized Environmental Teating Service Company] at the in- ~
stigation of DATAR [Delegation for Terrltorial D~velopmenC and Regional
Action] and Che CNES. The initial installation, upon 1.8 hectares, . -
mainly comprieed a epace assembly center of two buildings (2,506 aquare -
metera), including an assembly bay of 650 square me,tera, S meCers high,
for asaembling large satellites. The present crew compxisea 35 specia-
lists whose average age ia 30 years.
.Assembly of tb= ESA's OTS satellite in 1976-1977 brought together 60
- specialiate, half of them coming from the European firma participating
in the program. In 3 yeara four OTS satellites (ang aimulgtion model,
one qualification model, and two flight models) ~.ave thus been assembled
at Toulouse, representing more than 150,000 man-houra of work. There-
after, the teams went to the American launching field at Cape Canavaral,
Florida, for the three series of firings (May and Septanber 1977, and .
April-May 1978) which ended with the launching of the OTS 2 satellite
on 11 Mny 1978).
MATRA has now reported its activity in the ECS European operational tele- G
communications satellite program which includes a aeries of five fli.~ht
madels,for two of which firm orders have already been received; the order
� for the other three satell~cea is expected this year. Asaembly of *_he _
~ first flight model, ECS 1, will begin at Toulouae in the middle of 1980;
launching by sir Ariane rocket is planned for the end of 1981 {aee AIR &
COSMOS, No 748).
51nce 1976 MATRA has also been engaged in assembly of the equipment
groups for the Ariane launches. Three groups have thue been completed:
one electrical mock-up (PO 2), one qualification model (PO 2), and one
21
FOR OFFICIlu. USE UNLY -
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
~
i'OR 0~'FICIAL USIs ONLY
a
flight model (LO 1) intended for the first rockeC which will be launched
~ on 3 November 19.79. Three other eq,uipment groups, inrended for thQ
_ three other flighC qualification firings (LO 2,:L0 3, and LO 4) are in ~
the course of completian and five additional groups have ~ust been -
ordered for the first aeries of operational launchere which will. t~e
used begi~lning in 1981. These eight gr~ups will be delivered betweeti
_ now and 1982.
COPYRIGHT: AIR ET COSMOS Paris 1979
- 11,7Q6
CSO: 3Z00
22 '
FOR OFFIC I.~L USE UNLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
i
FOR OP'P'ICLAL U3E ANLY -
~ WORKINGS OF PRIVATE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE INDUSTRIES ~
Duesaeld~rf ~TOMWIRTSCHA~'T-AZ'OMTECHNIK in German Feb 79 pp 82-84
. [Article by B. Kalthoff: "French Private Induetry in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle"]
� [Text] Because of the dominant role of the atate and ita
inatitutions in France, it ie often overlooked that private
_ industry hae also underrgken significant efforts in the
- area of nuclear energy. This ia moat particularly true for
the initial atage of the nuclear fuel cycle, which is a do-
main of private induatry from the procuring of uranium ore
to the completed fuel element--with the exception of enrich-
ment, which is in the handa of the state. In addition, the
technologiea of chemiatry and processing have put their ex-
perience with procesaes and plants at the service of stata _
act~.vities. France ia the only European country which i~ -
self-aufficient in the area of the nuclear fuel cycle.
In contrast to thP FRG, the French nuclear induatry developed out of military ~
_ research with ~he direct cooperation of the state, which in 1945 created a
commis~ion specially sesponaible for atomic energy: the Commissariat a
1'~nergie Atomique (CEA) [Atomic Energy Commission].
- The leading position of the CEA--including Cogema--and the no leas impor-
tant role of the national electric company Electricite de France (EDF) make
the st~te often appear to be the sole decisive factor in the French nuclear
industry, even in its relationa w~th other countries. BuC aside from the role
of Framatome as a reactor builder, French private industry has a?.arge and
important share in the activities in the nuclear fuel cycle (Fig 1). The ex-
' perience of the different ~nduetrial groups in the areas of geology, chemistry
and metallurgy has proved indiapenaible for the development of a nuclear indus- -
try which covers all phases of the nuclear fuel cycle from uranium ore to the
- reintroduction of reprocessed fissionable material into the cycle.
This "nuclear autonomy" is almost a compelling necessity for a country which
has neither ita own petroleum and natural gas nor any occurren~e of coal worth -
mentioning available to it. Since the 1950's, but more intensively since
23 .
FOR OFFIC IA1~ USE ONLY ~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
r ~n ur r i~lew u~,:~ VALl
1965, ~renc:h privaCe ir~dustry has hecome ~trongly involved in the fuel cycle,
and today producee all materials specifically for the fuel cycle of the prea-
surized water react~r (which wae introduced f.n 1969). _
In prospecting~ mining and tregtmenC of uranium the Compagnie Francaie des
r~etroles (CFP) ~~rench Petrols Company~ and Pechiney Ugine Kuhlmann (PUK)
have channeled their experiences in proepecting and chemical Creatment nf ores _
into a common eubeidiary firm~ Minatome, which eince then has drawn on guar-
~ anteed reeerves of 30~v00 tone of uranium and hopes, on the basia of inteneive
exploratory activity ~11 over the world, to increaee Cheee reeerves four~old
within Che next 10 years.
The French chemical induetry hae developed the optimal procudures for the
concentration of urani~~m from th~ moet varied depoeits of ore in iCe o~+n
country--the depoeit of uranium in r^rance is after all estimat~d et 125,OU0
tone of uranium--and abrnad, and t~nue offere iteelf ae e potent partner for
- interested exploratory or mining companies.
~ Convereion of uranium concentratee into uranium hexafluoride~ the form of
uranium that permite enrichment in the gae phase, is performed by Comurhex,
which today hae a 25-percent ehare of the world market. In Europe, uranium -
conversion ie carried out only in France end Great Britain~ eo that Frer?ch '
induatry, along With that of Britain~ provides an important coutribution to
the proceesing of uranium for the German electrici;v bueinese as Well. In
the procesa~ the etan~ards of both American and Ruseian enrichment plants are
satibfied, ae well es the epecificatione of the centrifuge inszallationa Which
are a product of cooperation between Germany, Britain and the ?~etherlande.
For the enrichment facility Eurodif~ ahich ie etarting up this year under etate
mznagement, Comurhex offers Che advantage of phyeical proximity--both are With-
in eight of Each other in the Rhone valley at Piexrelatte--and therefore mini- -
mal tranaport and simplified adminietrative expense.
It is also worth mentioning that the uranyl nitrate which ia given off in the
reprocessing of irradiated uranium is converted to UF6, which also meets che
strict technical etendarda of American enrichmen[ facilities.
Fuel elemente for pressurized Water reactors are produced by Pranco-Aelge de
Fabrication de Combustibles (FBPC) (Franco-Belgian Fuel FabricationJ iit tvo _
plants in Deseel (Belgium) and Romane (France). Rven if the capacities crea[ed
here are primarily intended to eatisfy national demand. Prench induatry etill
has an interest in playing a role in the iaternational market along aith the
supplying of reactora deetined for EdF.
In the praduction of fuel elemente for r+ater preseurized reactors, French in-
dustry profita from the fact that by rieano of the aceel producers Ugine Aciers
within the PUK group they have built up a complete line for the production of
zircaloy. Thie has all the more aeight eince zirconium alloye are claseified
at the moment in the United States as "sensitive materiala." The investmenta
24
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
~`OR 0~'I~'ICYAL U9~ ONLY
= carried out by PUK in the la~t 2 yeare end the capacir.ies created in thie way
= Are no longer only intended to eupply ~Che French market, but also a large part
= of Che reet af the European markeC, with zircaloy prepgratory roaterial for
= casing tube~.
~ At thi~ time a production facility is under construction gt Paimboeuf (Loire) -
~hich is to roll out the prepgretory maCerial which ie produced in the country
in the form of Cube balls into the final dimeneion of the cgsing Cubee, eCart-
ing from 1980. The capeciry of thie plant of the firm of ZircoCube, founded
by PUK (S1 percent) and Framatome (49 percent), will be built up to 2,500 km/a
by 1982.
Tliue apart from the areee of enrichment and reproceaeing, which are uader etate
management, French industry noC only offers a comprehensive service to its
oWn netional electricity bueineee, but aleo euppliea its European neighbors
uiCh part of its capacities.
Mkrwe+. 2 ~
' 1 ~ ~�+~ya
~
� +
oo~?n?~x 5 ) ~~+�~+n
v~tanwn~a+ ~ ~ .
~
(~0+?~17~ (~+o~t
~ L~�~!~v ~ ~'��w�.~ -
~
Figure 1: Centere of Private Bueiness Activity in the French Puel Cycle
Induetry
Key:
1. Uranium concentratea 6. Zircaloy input tubes
2. Zircaloy 7. Zircaloy flat material
3. Zirconium eponge 8. Enrichment
~i. Uranium converelon 9. Zircaloy casing tubes
5. Zirconium ~lloye 10. Preeeurized Water fuela
25
F+~t OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
Vl'1'iVJ1111 w~ ~~wi -
K~rnr~~~~tor~n -197~ er~tmals ~criti~ch
~
- wm~ 2) trw?4 3) du^dat 4) TYD 5)~~ti+~+0 6) E?p~mon+er 7) Kon~tn??~t~ur ~nlm~t~
~ avno e~w. e~trNw~ oar u~~N~n~ Arituch
9 ) t~lawq.� w~a vawa,.r..Moiw,
KI(U 10~M10~uqchl~nd ~Mn~lumm/W~r nar 1300MW~ ],2 nknltw~rk MNU 16, 0.7~
nt~ew~ar ombH
NoM'~ 13 ~pOR LuOmin/Qn1lrvwW Cruckwu~r 410MW~ - - 16. 6.7!�) -
TV0~1 14 ~ fklnlntd Olklluofo 1~~dh+yN~ 691 MW~ Va~ a(~) ASEA-A~n 21. 7. 7!
s~On'�~ ~ 16)~nnkrNd+ ~~nt�vweu duckww~~ ostMw~ E~F Fnnwton+~~ ~o.
Cnu~ot-loln
&p~yJ ~nnkhleh E~i~l�Yu1b~I OruCkwNN~ fK1 AIW~ EOf FranNtoeM/ 31. 7e
Cnuwt�lan
G�"� 17)hMNn AA~u.~a bNd~w~~ bW?Aw. ENEL AebawoM~eanieo ~1.t2.n
Garo tiETSCO N~)
pht.t ,I~n �Ohl Orvekxw~r 11MMW~ It~nwlENCt~fc W~flinqhou~ . 2.12.Tf
v~ow.~ co, Ns~?
fup~n (ATR) ,Np~n Twrup~ 0~0�H~0 1dd MW~ ' JAEC P/IC 30. T~ -
lNOawtMr
Tokabi ~n ToMN 61~O~w~~r 1100MW~ ~I1PC0 O~n1E1~ctA~ 1!. t.l~
N~1
fuku~AlmW-1 ,Np~n Okur,~~Fut~b~ 3NMw~r ~M MW~ Tokro El~etr~c INaMI !S. 1. ~
Powrr Co.
_ N~naolu�2 ~p~~ Mwmm~tW ebd~w~~wt NO MW~ Chubu EMCtNC TaNb~ 2~.
Pow~r Co.
OAI�~ ,Mp~n OM Oruckw~,M~r 1176 AAWe K~nsN E1tct~lC Watlnphouw 11. 0 t~
Pow~rCo. (U9A)
eroa.1 1 g) Itan~d~ TMnon, om. Gwou�o~o 1ee tilw~ onuno Nydro AEC~ Ze, t t. 7l
BrueN I(~nW~ TMrton, Ont. CANOU-0~0 MVY~ Ontano Myaro AECL 10.12.
Tdpow~t�2 TaMUt ' T~Ip~h atM~a~~ 61b MW~ T~iw~n Wn~hl 19.14.1!�)
Porw~ Co. El~ctnc (USA)
Bonuma�t 19 )T~d�cno~ww~kN trrnv~ orvokr?a~ ~t31~Aw. s~ow.k. Atom~n~rqo� 2e. tt.1e
ENMr. BehOM~ ~wpa1(tMS3R)
Wvb B~~s~�1 (JSA O~k HarDa. OwckMnfMr 960 AIW~ ToleOo Edi~ Co. Babcock i Wilcox 12. 7~
OMO Cihhlub ENttrk
Don~IG C. CooM�4 USA B~Wptmn. Wtirekwa~l 10"4 MW~ India~a l M~thip~~ WNtinpfqvf~ 10. 7S
Micnro~n Co.
Th?N M~I~ Itland�2 USA Ooldtbaouph. OruCkwMNr O60 AIW~ AA~tropolitan BabOOCk ~ WikO~ 0 J. ~S
P~m~1p. EOi~on
No~tN Anna�1 U8A Iullr~?a1, On+Cln.atw~ OI1 hAM~ Yrp~M~ ENctNC Star i Websta/ 5 1. 7~
Virqini~ Co. wht~npnous~
NntJ~�2 USA d~tNp, O~erpi~ SieO~w~aK ~22 ARVII~ O~wpra PawN Co. Wn~ral ENctrtc 1. 7. ~e
Arharua~ NudNr USA AuN~MIN Muekwaf~ 9S~ AAW~ IkManw PowK ~ ComWntio~ 5.12. l~
OM�2 . llpht Co� Ergir~rfnq -
20 ) Fa+en~,~o~h.~ w~e r++u.a+. uv�rn.~w.
?a~a 1~)eA o.u~:nane n.~a.~wro T~. Man~ rso kwu, 21) Kne.ronenw~- w~�rai ~eo~c te.
~ntrvm NSI?) _
Tu or~n 1 3)DOR Ome~n 22 ~atd+unps� - 23 ) Tann. unM~t~t - okt. 7~��)
u. l4naaunqr Onw~n
naMa
ot+lew 1(i )fnN~nkn Gaa~cM jl ~~cwu�r - CEA CEA 0, e. ~
Um~ Nn+ lMa r4 o~.ern,~~� - ~5 )waanw~ 2fi j~u~+�,~ ~u�~�~
, rNkto? K~wrroM
~c wu? ~7 ~.aoo�.r�� - - ~o. n
4..~ro.
toFr us+? a~no ~.n.. on~c�w....r as ~wa+ ~r+c - a=.�
IeMo
~c.~a us~? s.~+e~. t.e.. 28 ~r+.man� - ~+c~ooE - ok~ n...~
Na+o~.row w.,cm+~o
zwn o~w~e.trwe nNp~p.e�?.
Etrq~wwht. �
VWq Ulftunp. ~ .
7) Ent.st?oT�m,pvnp. 29
MTM1cW~Q' ,.KNMqMtO?M -1'1~ Kffrn~t~ M~Mft~l' ~CHIi Wt lFdKh M di~ M~t/WrCENHO~ Utb AGf 10~7 M. sOwdt M dN MVM AIA{NMuRO RfM10~N1
N~IpMiri/t MnO. dy ONFt! vM ONn ~I. 12. Mht~ldl wwOM. W10 w(w'~OM1 rMtWMMn f~nQanpf ON k~10rtMt10n) In OK VOrMh~W tt~ noC~
� f11NNM1r1~NM.
Table 1: Nuclear Reactora Which Became Critical ia 1978
(Key on folloaing page)
26
F~t OFFICIAL USE OHLY
I
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
I
FO~i OP'~'ICIAL U9~ ONLY
NoCes "Nucl~er Re~ctore Which Became Critical in 1978" Eollows chronologically
from the 1977 liet. To the exCent that reactors are included in the new chart
that became critical before 31 Decemher 1971, they were noC yet included in
the previoue yea..r'e liet (beceuee of A delay in receiving the informc~tlon).
Key:
1. Name
2. Country
3. Locetion
4. Type
5. Capacity (Groee)
6. Owner or menager
7. Conetructor or supplier
8. Firet became critical
9. Capacity and experimental reactore
10. FRG
11. Presourized water
12. Ni~clear Poi+er Plant
13. GDR
14. Finland
15. Boiling water
16. Frence
17. Italy
18. Canada
19. Czechos~ovakia ~
20. Research reactore, zero energy reactora and critical experimente
21. Cancer Reeearch Center
22. Research and development reactor
23. Technical University, Dreaden
24. Reaearch reactor ~
25. Inatitute for Nuclear Energy
26. (Argentina) ~
27. Rediography reactor
28. Safety research
29. Released fo.r conttnuous production
Dedicated
Full capacity
Firet production of current
27
F+QR OFFICIAL USE ORLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7
cva~ vi�a�.~.u.~,rsL WL' V11L1
- _ - .
~Cernrea~toren - ~ 978 s~i~;gel~gt ~
V~m~ ~r?e 3) 9uneort 11 ~ Trp 5) u~~turq 6)E+p~nWm~r 7) Koh~l~uAleu� ) ~nw~rieenenme 3tB+~ -
1~ Dfw. B~IrNb~~ oder Lbls~ant (1. KnbA~nl~f) laquny
~l 1J8A p~lrwboro. hw+n+n~bad ~000kW induftnU AMP ~Mnw~tOS9 ~1911)
N.J. 10 ~ M~clo~ l~b.
~ ~b..drscA�n. F.erou wt!
Table 2: Nuclear Reactors Sh~it Down in 1978
Key:
1. Name �
2. Country
3. Location -
4. Type
5e Capacity
6. Owner or manager -
7. Cnnatructor or eupplier r
8. 5tart of operation (firat criticality)
9. 5hutdown
- 10. Swimming pool
9337
CSO: 3103 END
28
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040018-7