THE PRESIDENT'S DAILY BRIEF 13 AUGUST 1974

• Document Type: FOIA
• Collection: President's Daily Brief 1969-1977
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 0006007790
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 17
• Document Creation Date: August 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 24, 2016
• Publication Date: August 13, 1974

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The President's Daily Brief
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August 13, 1974
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Exempt from general
declassification schedule of E.O. 11652
exemption category 513(1),(2),(3)
declassified only on approval of
the Director of Central Intelligence
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FOR THE PRESIDENT ONLY
THE PRESIDENT'S DAILY BRIEF
August 13, 1974
PRINCIPAL DEVELOPMENTS
The Turks last night gave Greece 24 hours to accept
new proposals for the constitutional future of
Cyprus--a division of the island into small ethnic
political units under two autonomous, but federated,
administrations. The Turkish foreign minister has
said that, if the demands are not accepted today,
"the Geneva talks will be over." Such a break
could be a prelude to further Turkish military ac-
tion. (Page 1)
Israel will soon hold a nationwide test of its mil-
itary reservist mobilization plan, the first large-
scale call-up since the October war. Both Egypt
and Syria have denounced the Israeli action as a
cover for an attack. (Page 3)
Combat throughout most of Cambodia has settled
into the normal rainy season pattern of relatively
small-scale fighting on widely separated fronts.
(Page 4)
Soviet reporting of developments in Washington has
begun to include tentative commentary on the rea-
sons behind President Nixon's resignation and some
analysis of the probable foreign policy orientation
of your administration. (Page 5)
The Soviets yesterday launched an unmanned space-
craft, probably a modified Soyuz configured for
the US-Soviet space mission scheduled next year.
(Page 6)
Panama
Cuba
(Page 7
A note on the polarization of the political situa-
tion in South Korea appears on Page 8.
At Anne
China
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PARKEY-gREECE-CYPRUS
Turkish Prime Minister Ecevit, speaking in
Ankara last night, said Greece had 24'hours to ac-
cept new Turkish proposals for the constitutional
future of Cyprus. These proposals would divide Cy-
prus into small ethnic political units--cantons--but
would retain the concept of two autonomous ethnic
administrations within a federation. Until yester-
day, Turkey and the Turkish Cypriots had insisted
on the division of the island into two federal states
under a weak central government.
Yesterday evening Turkish Foreign Minister Gunes
delivered the ultimatum to British Foreign Secretary
Callaghan. Turkey must be given immediate adminis-
tration over its major canton--the area between Ky-
renia and Famagusta. Agreement must also be reached
to negotiate the size and boundaries of five other
cantons--around Paphos, Polis, Lefka, Lanarka, and
Karavas--ultimately giving Turkish Cypriots control
over one third of the island. Gunes told Callaghan
he had "iron-clad" instructions from Ankara to get
agreement on these points at the tripartite meeting
scheduled for 10 p.m. Geneva time last night.
Greek Cypriot leader Clerides and Greek For-
eign Minister Mavros announced they would not at-
tend the 10 p.m. talks. Callaghan persuaded Gunes
to accept a postponement until this morning, but
Gunes told reporters that, if the Turkish proposals
are not accepted at today's meeting, "the Geneva
talks will be over."
After talking to Gunes and Callaghan, US As-
sistant Secretary Hartman reported that the Turks
appear to be bent on breaking up the conference.
Callaghan told Hartman that acceptance of the Turk-
ish proposals would mean the end of Clerides and,
possibly, a right-wing military coup in Greece.
Acceptance was therefore out of the question.
Callaghan further reported that Turkish Cyp-
riot leader Denktash was extremely upset over Tur-
key's intransigence. Denktash
cautioned Callaghan
Turkish army would not hesitate to fire
troops if they got in the way.
that the
even on UN
Gunes explained the Turkish position to Hart-
man by saying that Turkish politicians can no longer
withstand intense domestic popular pressures. He
was evasive when pressed about what Turkey would do
if Clerides rejects the proposals today.
(continued)
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On the assumption that the Turks have decided
to break off the talks, Secretary Hartman suggests
three possible Turkish courses of action. They may
inend to:
--initiate unilateral military action;
--aggravate tensions until an "incident" pro-
vides provocation for action;
--threaten to leave NATO in hopes that they
can elicit US support in getting what they want.
Hartman concludes that Ankara's frame of mind
is extremely dangerous. Either Ecevit is blindly
optimistic, or he is so weak that popular and mili-
tary pressures are proving too much for him.
The Turkish armed forces are still in an ad-
vanced state of readiness, but we have no evidence
that they plan an immediate military move. Turkish
troops in and around Istanbul reportedly were moved
into defensive positions on the Black Sea coast last
week. The shift may have been a reaction to reports
from Athens that the Soviets had pledged to assist
Greece if Turkey invades. The Greeks have since
denied that any pledge was received.
Turkish concern about its northern flank has
grown as the Soviet Union seemed to be moving closer
to supporting Greek views on Cyprus and away from
an earlier partiality toward Turkey.
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ISRAEL
Tel Aviv will soon hold a nationwide test of its
military reservist mobilization plan, the first large-
scale call-up since the October war. Israel's de-
fense rests on early strategic warning of hostile
intentions and rapid mobilization of the reserves
to support the country's relatively small standing
forces.
During the past two weeks, Israel has held a
series of large-scale maneuvers and has already mo-
bilized some reserves. These maneuvers and the pro-
spective nationwide test of the mobilization system
have caused nervousness in Arab capitals. Both
Egypt and Syria have denounced the Israeli actions
as a cover for war, and Cairo apparently has re-
sponded by recalling some of its reserves and by
placing some of its units on alert.
The mobilization test could come within the
next few days and will involve all branches of serv-
ice. Reservists will be summoned by public call-up
through the press and radio.
Press reports indicate that less than half the
reserve force will be mobilized and that there will
be only a limited mobilization of civilian vehicles.
The exercise reportedly is to last no more than 24
hours, and the Israelis say its duration will de-
pend on the speed with which those called up report.
Tel Aviv also says that it will inform the UN com-
mand and all foreign diplomatic representatives in
Israel when the exercise is to occur.
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THAILAND, I LAOS
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CAMBODIA
Combat throughout most of the country has set-
tled into the normal rainy season pattern of rela-
tively small-scale fighting on widely separated
fronts.
In the southeast, the communists have hit gov-
ernment units east of Svay Rieng City and have shelled
the provincial capital itself. Recent intercepted
messages stated that elements of the Viet Cong 5th
Division were scheduled to join Khmer communist units
in the attacks, and the local commander at Svay Rieng
reported that his troops have recovered a number of
Vietnamese bodies. Viet Cong participation in the
attacks probably was in reaction to government for-
ays near Vietnamese base areas east of Svay Rieng.
Sharp skirmishing continues on the west bank of
the Mekong River ten miles above Phnom Penh, as gov-
ernment forces attempt to drive several insurgent
battalions from the area. Fighting on the Mekong's
east bank, opposite the capital city, has subsided
following successful government counterattacks.
In the northwest, the contest for this fall's
rice crop--which began with scattered Khmer commu-
nist attacks around Battambang City last month--
has spilled over into nearby Kompong Chhnang and Siem
Reap provinces. The Cambodian army high command has
dispatched reinforcements to the area, and government
forces are slowly regaining the initiative.
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FURTHER SOVIET REACTION
Soviet reporting on developments in Washington
has begun to include tentative commentary on the
reasons behind President Nixon's resignation and
some analysis of the probable foreign policy orien-
tation of your administration. The major message is
one of satisfaction with your pledge of continuity
in pursuing detente with the USSR, but there are
undertones of concern.
In a roundtable discussion among senior Soviet
political observers broadcast Sunday, the Watergate
affair was ascribed to legislative-executive antagon-
isms, machinations involving rival "monopolies,"
inter-party struggles, and economic difficulties.
This kind of analysis is typical of Soviet at-
tempts to summarize and explain Watergate in ideolog-
ical terms, while avoiding all but the briefest men-
tion of particulars.
An extensive media campaign to reassure the So-
viet people on the health of detente has taken two
lines:
--Statements of continued support for detente
by yourself, Secretary Kissinger, and Congres-
sional leaders have been given heavy play in
the press, accompanied by items demonstrating
the "overwhelming" popularity of this policy
in the US.
--Arguments by Soviet commentators that "objec-
tive realities," including a change in the in-
ternational balance of power, are operating to
ensure that US policy-makers continue to seek
improved relations with the USSR, regardless of
personalities or internal political developments.
Nevertheless, some cautionary reaction to the
new situation appeared over the weekend. A Pravda
article on Sunday warned that opponents of detente--
the so-called military-industrial complex, the AFL-CIO
leadership, and "Zionists"--still exist in the US.
Another Pravda article resurrected the thesis that
certain circles in the US are not above using Water-
gate to question the successes of detente and the posi-
tive development of US-Soviet relations. The re-
emergence of this line of reasoning indicates linger-
ing Soviet concern that US policy toward the USSR
could still somehow change. Tass Director General
Zamyatin's remarks in a broadcast on Saturday may
have been indicative of similar nervousness. After
ascribing Watergate to a partisan campaign against
President Nixon, he vehemently stressed the impor-
tance of observing the summit agreements, especially
those curbing nuclear war.
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USSR
The Soviets yesterday launched an unmanned
spacecraft from the Tyuratam missile and space cen-
ter. The spacecraft is probably a modified Soyuz
configured for the joint US-Soviet mission scheduled
for next year. The flight presumably is intended to
check out changes in the spacecraft and crew equip-
ment made specifically for the joint mission. The
Soviets are also expected to conduct a series of
manned Soyuz missions before the joint flight.
There are indications that a manned spaceflight
is planned for the near future./
/The impending flight may be
related to preparations for the joint mission, but
it is also possible that the Soviets could be pre-
paring to send a second crew to the Salyut space
station which was occupied for about two weeks in
July and which is still in orbit.
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PANAPIA-CUBA
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NOTE
South Korea: The sentencing of several major
figures for anti-regime activities has further polar-
ized the political situation in South Korea. Bishop
Chi Hak-sun's sentence of 15 years imprisonment will
provoke a strong reaction in Korea, from the church
in particular. Several appeal routes are open to
the defendants, but any decision to alter the sen-
tences must come from President Pak.
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CHINA
Al
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