THE COMMISSION ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE GOVERNMENT FOR THE CONDUCT OF FOREIGN POLICY (THE MURPHY COMMISSION)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80B01495R000900070010-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 57
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 7, 2006
• Sequence Number: 10
• Publication Date: July 11, 1975
• Content Type: MF

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- ~ Cot~rvr?n
July 11, 1915
MEMORANDUM FOR
The Acting Secretary o.f State
? The Secretary of the Treasury
The Secretary o.f Defense
The Attorney General
The Secretary o.f Agriculture
The Secretary of Commerce
The Secretary of Labor
The Director, Office o.f Management
and Bttdget
The Executive Director, Council on
International Economic Policy
The Administrator, Agency .for International
. Development
. The Director, Arms Contxol and
,? Disarxiia,xiiei14 r"sgency .
The Chairman, Council of Econox~zic Advis~;rs
The Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff
The Director.ofCentral Intelligence
The Administrator, Energy Research and
Development Administration
The Chairman, Civil Service Commission
The Assistant to the President, Domestic Council
The Director, United States Inforrnatian Agency
SU$JECT: The Commission on the Organization
of L?he Government .for the Conduct a.f
Foreign Policy (The Murphy Commission)
The President wishes to receive comments .from the principal foreign
affairs Departments and Agencies on the recommendations contained
in the report a.f the Commission on the Organization o.f the Government
far the Conduct a.f Foreign Policy (The Murphy Gorrxmission)..
DEPT OF STATE re~i~vr~s~
completed.
Cv1OF~IJDF Pages 1-1~ and 17-7?
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Attached is a master list o# all Commission recommendations. Beside
each recommendation is an indication o# those agencies whose comments
are specifically requested. These designations are not exclusive,
however, and agencies should #eel #ree to comment on any recommendation,
Comments on the recommendations, signed by t-he Department or Agency
head, should be submitted by Monday, July 21. However, comments on
the Qrganization o# Intelligence (recommendations ~6-55) are due by
close o.f business Thursday, ,Tuly 17,
In addition, the departments are requested to submit their views on the.
broader issues dealt with in the report, such as Executive-Legislative
relations, by Friday, Jul~r 25.
Comments should, if possible, be unclassi.#ied since-they may receive
further distribution.
Jeanne W: Davis
Sta#.f Secretary
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~Z7~COMM:ENDA.TIONS Ole ':1'IIE~
COMMISSION ON TTI.l~: URGANIIATION OF '1,IiE GOVERNMTJN'T
I~'Ol~, THE CONDUCT OI:' FOREIGN POLICY
RECOMMJJNDATIQN (1)
State 7'he defining charar_terisi:ic of these taslcs ~~of a I'resi.dentia.l
D~;fense staff] is that they embody staff r. espon.sibilzties rather than line
OMl3 authority. They pravid.c assistance to the F'resi.de:nt, not direction
CIA ' ' to departn-zental officials other than to convey Presi_dexitial instruc-
tions. There should be only one official wi.tlx line responsil:~i.li.ty i.n
tkie White f-Iousep axxd that is the President laim.selF.
RECOMMENDATION (2 )
Having reviewed the. responsibilities the Assistant for National
Security Affairs rnu..~t meet over the long terra, we concJ.Lxci.e tl'is.t
these responsibilities, invoJ.ving essential. personal assistance t:o
the President, rnanagernexxt of issues far Presidential decision,
and the dixecti.an of the National Security Council staff, should
normally in the future be performed by an individual with na other
official responsibilities. The actual choice would of course z:?cr;t
with the President.
RECOMMENDATION (3)
Stag The membership of the National Security Council be expanded
Treas~zry to include the Secrets.ry of the Treasury, and its jurisdicti.oxi lac
De:Eense enlarged to include major issues of international ecanom.ir: pal.icy?-
OMB making.
CIA
CII~ h
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~1tECOMMI:,NDAT~N (~ )
State Ori axz ad hoc basis, the President should invite to NSC meetings
Defense at which issues with ixzzportant doxne.sf:ic implications arc being di:s-
OMI3 cussed either Cabinet or staff officials concerned Yvith domestic
Domestic policyrrxalcing. ~ .
Council
RECOMMENDATION (5)
State
AID
Tkze position of Deputy LTn.der Secretary for Managexz~ent be
elevated to Under Secretary.
RECOMMENDATION (b )
The Office of the Inspector C,eneral of Z'o-r.eign. Assistance be
abol..islzed, and its analytic functions tie transferred to tl~.e r>.r. apc~seel.
Assistant Secretary :fox food, Population and Development: Affairs.
RECOMMENDATION (7)
Under Secretary positions should be roserved for supervisory
officers having responsibility :for specific portions of the: Depart-
xnent's work; :for example, Political and Security Affairs, Econolzzic
and Scientific Affairs, and Managexz7ent. Under Secretaries are
senior officers by virtue of their direct managerrxent responsibi.liti.es
far subordinate bureaus and their responsibility for regiona..l bureau
activities in their assigned functional areas. These positions should
not normally be used for- !'ad hoc trouble shooters" or ''roving
ambassadors, ' ?
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RECOMMENDATION (S)
State The positions of Counseloi-.of the Department and Ambass~.do.rs-
at-Large should be used :for the special assignments requiring senior
attention, ~ und.er t:he direction of the Secretary. The Counselor
should remain a permanent position, while Ambassadors.-at~Large
should be appointed :for shorter pexiods of time and specilic projects.
RECOMMENDATION (9)
State A senior Assistant to the President should be charged with
Treasury the central White House staff :function in economic policy, both.
Coxnmeree domestic and foreign. Having direct pc;rsonal access to the
OMJ:3 President and strong qualifications dxawn from economic and/or
CEA business experience, t-h.is Assistant should participate o:r be rep--
Domestic resented in all relevant meetings of-theNational Securi.l:y Council
Council and of dom.es,tic policyxnaling bodies (such as the llonzestic Council,
LIEF' the Troika or Economic Policy T3oard). He would be the Exec:t.zti.ve
. Secretary anal Director of staff of the proposed joint Suk~courici.l. on
International Economic Policy.
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Mate
Treasury
Gomxn e r c e
OMIT
CEA
]7om.e~stic
Council.
CIEP
RECC7MMENDA'~~N (10)
The President should appoint, and have available to hin.~: for
advice, a senior and representative group af. people dr.awzz :from the
private secf;or'wha are weJ.l equipped by traina.ng and experience to
assist i.n :~armulating :foreign econom.S.c policy in. i:he national interest--
an Intexnat-ional ~;canoznic Policy Advisory l3oard. The J3oarcl would
lae provided a sz~rzall secretariat to help pxep~z.xe z-neetings, dissem-
inate infarnzation and focus discussion on relevant issues, It v~auld
meet at least quarterly to review issues x-aisec{ at its own initiative:
or by the government, The J3oard should have direct access to the
President, and the President shaul.d himself' take the initiative to
xxzeet with it J~rom time to time. The J3aard should have wide lati-
tude to set up ad hoc groups, comn~.i.5sion., studies anal otherwise equip
it to carry out its :functions, It should replace most, if not all exi.stiri.
advisory groups dealing with aspects of international economic policy.
ItECOM1VI.ENDATTON (11)
State ~ 1n order to provide a focus for abjecti.ve study of longer terz~a.
':~`r.~c~~a.>ur~y international ecanoxxzic problems and a more effective -early warning.
C__~x3.:r~~erce system. fax adentifying the major related policy issues on the horizon,
OM$ we believe an independent study group on international ecanoxnic
CE.A issues should be created under the auspices of the Council o:f Econarrzic
Domestic Advisors.
Cou:n cif .
CIEP
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RECOMMENDATI`~fi~t (12.)
State The President should establish a joint Subcouncil of i:he NSC
Tr easu:ry and the Domestic Couxxcil' aria the Econon~.ic Palicy Board (or. wkrat.-
Agricu.l.ture evex White 1'Iouse organizations should. coxnc to perforrrx their :fun?-
Ccirr~xr,.ercc ctions). M.eml.~ers of this bad}r, the Subcouncil an Internati.ox~.al
OMB Economic Policy, v~ould be the Under Secretary o:f State fo-r 1!:conoinic
CE11 Affairs, th.e Under Secretary of Treasury :for Monetar y Affair tlxe
Domestic Under Secretaries of Con~zerce and Agriculture and the Chairmarx
Cauneil o# the Council of Ecoxioxnic Aclvise.rs. Other subcabinet officers a.nd
CIEP agency heads would attend Subcouncil. r~ieetings as Lull members
with respect to questions irrxpinging significant!}r on their responsi-
' bilzties.
' Designation of a Chairnxan should be left to the President. IIow9
ever, we anticipate that normally the Subcouncil would be chaired
by the Under Secretary 'of State :for Economic Af_fai.rs. The .E1s sist-
ant to the President for Economic Policy would .serve a.s Iaxecutive
Secretary of the Subcouncil and Director of its staff. The staff
would be drawn in part from the staffs of its parent bodies but ~,vould
function as the Assistant to the President's o~vn staff.
Tkxe Subcouncil could create such committees ar task :Forces as
the President xnay deem necessary to assure adequate interagency
attention to continuing issues oz internaL-ional economic policy and to
special problcxns. Tk7.e regular rrienzbers of the Subcouncil xa.orxl~ally
would be represented on each such group, as would the staff of the;
Assistant to the President,
The CIEP should be abolished by Congress, and its staff should
be used to strengthen the economic capability of the NSC and White
House Domestic Council. Other interagency international economic
policy boelies would be bxouglzt under the Subcouncil fra.rnewark.
RECOMMENDATION (13)
State
Treasury
Com.rri er c e
C:EA
J:)arnnes tic
Council
czEP
Maintaining the practice of submitting to Congress an. annual
Report of the President on InternaL-ional Economic Pali r, y. This
report should be prepared in conjunction `with the State o:f the Waxld
Report recox~.lm.ended in Chapter 10 anti skxould be su.bnxitted a.s
part of that Deport,
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RECOMMENDATION (14)
:Mate The Under Secretary for .Economic Affairs be retitled the, Under
Secretary for Z:conomic and Scientific Affairs and that the Bureau
_ of. Economic and Business Affairs, and the J3u.reau of Oceaxxs and
International Environment arxd Scientific Affairs, together with
the functional units of t.lie Bureau of lntex?natianal Organization
. .Affairs, be reordered as faux neu~, closeJ.y reJ.ated bureaus, each
headed by an Assistant Secretary respan.siblc: to the Uizder Secretary,
as follows:
. (l) International Econoxl~ic and I3usin~ss Af:Eairs (prin-
cipally trade, monetary,' and investment policy);
(2) Energy, TransporL-ation, and Communication Affairs;
(3) Oceans, Environmental, and Scientific Affairs;
(4) Food, Population, and Development Affairs.
RECOMMENDATION (l5)
State Larger numbers of career Ambassaciars and Deputy Clxiefs of
. Mission shou,Id be appointed from among of:icers with economics
training and background: senior officers at econami.cally important
consular pasts should ordinarily be expected to have had econa.mic
and commercial exposure either in State or through assignment to
another agency; the .recruitment of professionally trained ecanon~xisi:s
should be accelerated without reguiri.ng that they become paa.?t of
the Foreign Service; and training programs in economics far l'or. eign
Service Officers should be accelerated.
RECOMMENDATION (16)
State Systexriatic personnel interchange at the middle-grade J.c.~crels
Treasury arrxong the Departments and agencies with prin.cipaJ_ responsibilities
Agriculture for foreign economic policy be expanded.
Commerce .
CIEP
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RE COMM.ENDA.TI ON (17)
State
Treasury
Agricultur e
Comxnex ce
CIEP
State
Treasury
Agricultur e
[;: ~:Y~zmerce
t'~.:ibl}3
State
Treasury
AID
CIEP
State .
Treasury
AID
CIEP
As a cansecluence, the Cornzxzi.ssiazz supports :flexibili.ty in t.lze use
o:f multi.agency participation. in. policy negotiations a.ncl i.zxxlalemezztation
abroad. T'Ize State Departzzz.ent?rrxust retain overall coordinating respan?-
sibility; na i.ntcrnatiozzal ~zegatiations should p.roczed u~ifhout its know..
ledge a.nd approval. It should naxxnally participate: izz the manz~.ing of
international delegations, but zaeecl not auton~aticall)' chair these,
depezzding upon the substazztive area. Overseas represenfatiaxt of do--
rrzestic ecotzomic departments should continue in selected areas (e. g. ,
agriculture and finance) so long as their representatives are under
the control o:L the An~bassado7~.
RECOMMENDATION (18)
The present personnel interclxange program between gavernmc;nt
and business should be expanded substantially. The Commission
believes Lhis program should be concentrated a.t the xnicl.dle and junior,.
rather than at sc;xa.ior levels.
RECOMMENDATION (19 )
The Commission, therefore, recorrimends that the Agency for
Ixzternational Development (AID) remain th.e State Department's
operating arm :fox the. implementation of bilateral :foreign assistance.
RECOMMENDATION (20)
Accordingly, we endorse the continuatioxi of primary Treasury
Department responsibility :for supervision of U. S. commitments to
the international devel.opxxzent institutions. Treasury should coordi~
note with thV State Department concerning directives given IT. S.
representatives on the executive boards when political issues arise:
in connection with the policies and operations of these izistitution.s.
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,.r ~
SL-ate
'Treasury
Ca~nnlerce
GEA
CIEP
State
Defens e
Interiar
z'EA
ERDA
CIEP
12.E COMM1?:NDATION (21)
We do not, however, believe it i.s neccssaxy or dc~sixablc to
establish within i.lie LTni.te,d States Gavez?z~zznent a ne~~ agency, car
Special Representative, to cazztxol either international eor.porations
ox the flour of capital to ox from this c:otzntry.
}i.E COMMEND.ATION (2, 2 )
The Federal Energy Administration should provide tl-ie :focus
and leadership for carrying aut the national energy policy. The
State Departrrzent will have a crucial continuing role in bringing to
bear on all aspects of the policy process the critical coxzsiderations
of security and diplomacy, and in coordinating and irriplemen.tiztg the
foreign policy aspects of our energy policy.
REC,?MMENDATION (23)
State The Commission proposes that the Office o:C Export Adxninistra.-
. Treasury flan in the Commerce Department be designated a central point. of
Defense contact between the private sector and the gavernxnent :Car the licen-
Commerce sing and surveillance of trade and investment with Communist countra.es~
ACDA Policy guidance for that office shoul.cl be centralized in the F3oaxd of
CIA East-~~Iest k`'areign Trade authorized by the 'I'racl.e Act of 1974, and .
CIEP consisting of Cabinet-level officials fxoxn each. of the departznen.ts
involved in export. regt~latio.n. Tlie }3oard shauld be hacked up by
a working group of officials :from the same agencies.
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~?~
RECOMMENDATION (24)
State Representatives o# the acaclernic and business con~nzunities
Treasury should be formed into technica]: advisory committees to assa.st the
Commerce Board in gauging existing foreign a,vailabili.ty of proposed U.;i.
CEA exports, nzorritoring new t:echnologi_cal cievelopi-nenfs a.nd estab-
CIEP lisping procecluxes for eva.luaf:ing the success or failure t:o exp ort
conL-rol process itsel:E,
RECOMMENDATION (25)
SL-ate We propose that, after the current ~mul.tilateral trade] negotiations
Treasury are concluded, the ongoing tasks of administration, negotiation anal
Car?~merce cooxdination be accomplished by a f:rans:fex of the Office, under a
CEA Special Ambassador, to the Department of State.
CIEP
RECOMMENDATION (26)
State Broadening the current Security Assistance Program Review
Treasury Committee (SAPRC) into a standing committee of the \~SC to serve
Defense as the primaxy forum for interagency review of all issues involving
OMB arms transfers anti security assistance..
7CS
RECOMMENDATION (27)
State. After a WSAG-level crisis,- acrisis -review group should. assess
Defense the government's performance and, ~vhere appropriate;, revie~v and
JCS reconsider r.ontingency plans.
CIA
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v.
RECOMMENDA'.CION (28)
Ctate
Txeasury
Defens e
OMB
A GDA
JCS
CIA
State
Defens e
C?MB
.~; ;:FDA
J~ C;::i
CIA
State
Defens e
Establishment of a Sv7ational ,~~'ecurity Review Coxr~rnit:tee (NS.RC)
L-o conduct a broad review, uncl.er t:he direction of the National Secu-
xit-y Council principals, of the U. S, worldwide national security
posture at the beginning o:C every new Adzninisi;ration. The review
should involve, th.e newly appointed senior officials and draw upon
the views of the relevant departanents, It should be cli.rected by th.e
President and his National Security Assistant.
RECOMMENDATION (29}
The President establish an Advisory }3oaxd on National Defense,
composed of .priva.te citizens who are well equipped by training and
experience to bring to bear on defense quest~.ons the views of Arn.eri-
can society, and to Facilitate the cornrnunication of defense needs to
the public. The Board. should l:~e provided tiva.th a srriall independent .
staff.
RECOMMENDATION (3Q)
A single senior State of:#icial should be clearly identifiee}. as respon.-
sible, under the Secretary, fox poli.tica}.-military and national- secu-
rity affairs, Ta accomplish this the position of Undc:r Secretary of
State for Polztic;al Affairs should be retitled Under Secretary far Poli~
tica.l and Security Affairs, ~ and made directly responsible for t:he Bureau
of Politico-Military Affairs. The position of Under Secretary of State
for Security Assistance shauld be abolished.
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.R:CCOMMENDAT~N (31)
The selection and training o:f Foy?ei.gn Service oflicers should
recognize the need :far coxxzpeten.t and National security analyst.; i.xi
both Washingi:on and abroad.
R.I~COMMENDATION (32)
State Barriers and administrative inhibitions to the hiring of ~,ol.itical?-
military specialists or to their lateral. entry into Foreign. Scl-vice
xanlcs should be sharply reduced. .
RECOMMENDATION (33)
The political_military capability o:f the re~;i.oxxal burea.u.s in hate
should be upgraded.
RECOMMENDATION (34)
State ACDA's external research program should be ex.pandeci, :focusing
Defense on longer term problems and possibilities :Eor arz~n.s control..
ACDA
RECOMMENDATION (35)
State The Directox of ACDA should become a x~xzenllacr of the proposed
I%eEense National Security Review Committee (N SRC).
ACDA
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RECOMMENDATION (3G)
State The Director o# ACDA shou7.d become a xnen~xber of the proposed
Defense NSC Aa:xns Transfer and Security Assa.stancc Coxxxnzittee, anal. skxou].d
ACDA. enlarge ACUA's capability to assess the arms control inZplications
o# U. S, security assistance policy and awns sales.
RECOMMENDATION -(3"l)
State ACDA should provide public in#orxnation on arms control anti:
Defense disarmament matters, much as State is charged with e~plainin.g
ACDA U. S, foreign policy.
R.ECOMM:FNDATION (38)
State In order to facilitate the strengthened role o# ACDA, we pro-
De:Eense pace that the- Director of ACDA be established as principal adviser
ACDA. to the NSC on awns control and disarmament matters.
12.ECOM.MENDATION (39)
De#en.se Anew analysis capability should be created to support i:he Asso~
Ol~iB ciate.Director [of OMB] far National Security and Tnternational Programs;
Domestic and to provide sustained attention to broad defense policy and. pro--
Council -gram issues in OMB and in the proposed IVSRC.
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State
Def ens e
OM.I3
Domestic
Cocxricil
I2.ECOMM].aNDA':~1V (4~0)
The OMB should take the lead i.n organizing a continuing inter-
agency program. of aver all resource-allocation analyses, specifically
including the trade-offs of defexise against civil pxograms.
RECOMMENDATION (~ 1)
Defezise A mare cletcrmined effort should be made Uy OMB and the tiylii.te
OIvILi House to inject Presidentially-approved fiscal guidance into the de-
Doznestic :tense programrriing cycle at budget preview tin~c. (mid-Jun.e to m.`~d~~
Council July), and to come to grips with i;he inajar de:Eense program issues
relating to this guidance at that time. OMB participation with. OSD
in the Joint Budget Review should Ue extended to the Prag.ran7, Revietiv
in May-August. .
RECOMMENDATION (~42)
Defense The President's fiscal policy guidance to DOD should be provided
C?~~~B in bath total abli.gational authority and outlay terms.
1~axrzestic
Council
RECOMMENDATION (43)
State Thexe should be continuing contact and support throughout th.e
Defense year between staff of the NS C, the State Department and OMB in.
OMB defining issues, conducting special studies, and seeing that the results
Domestic of such studies are reflected in the defense budget process.
Council
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~REGOMMENDA`.C~~iN (44)
' ~ /[of Defense]
State The Assistant Secretary fo.r. Interizational ecurity Affaixs should
Defense play an increased role in shaping the clefex~zse program and budget- to
C7IvIB fit our foreign policy, This requires that ISA develop greater tech-
nical and analytical capca:bility, and that it tol.ce the l.cad in research
and analyses to better relate force .levels to foreil;n policy i.xnpJ.i-
eati.ons of major r esource decision..
REGOMMENDATI?N (45)
/[of Defense]
Defense The Secret-ary's ability to exercise his statutory responsibilzties
JCS in direction azad control of crisis operations should be improved, Spe-
cific z-n.easures to bring this about include: provisions to insure the
xesponsiveness of th.e National Military Conzzzza.nd Center tca t1zG oper W
ational reporting needs o:f the Secretary (the Ghairxrzan and service
chiefs would be informed sizrzultaneously); increased autonomy for
the Ghai.rman in operational matters vi.s-a-vis the services (the role
o:E service chiefs i.n operations should be explicitly .defined as advisory
to the Chairrrzan and Secretary, service opera.tioz2al staffs sl~.ou.ld Inc
sharply cut back and, if n.ecessaxy, the joint operations staff, J-3,
' should be increased); the Chairman in consultation with the Secretary
' should select officers for lcey Joint Staff positions in operational
matters, including- the trap officers i.n J-3 and the I~rMCC.
RECOMMENDATION (46)
State The DGI should have an office in close pro~im.ity to the White
Treasury Mouse and be accorded regular and direct contact with L-l~e President.
Def ens e
Justice
C7A
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r-
RI{:GOMMENDA':LN (47)
State
'.Cxeasury
De:Cens e
;lusticc.
CIA
The CIA shauld be retitled the Foreign Intelligence Agexacy (I~ IA},
anal its ]director the Director of. T~ oxeign. Intelligence (DS`I}.
1~.ECOMMENDATION (9.8)
State In order to best utilize the PI{'IAI3:
Treasury
Defense -- each incoming President should review and rn.alcc: such
.Justice changes in PI'IAI3's membership as xnay be requir c.d to
CIA give him high pexsonal can:fidence in that body's values
and judgemc;nt; that
-- he xnak.e himself directly available to the Chairtr~.an o:E
PFIAB upon fhe latte:r's request; and that
-- the PI~'IAU staff should be increased in size., and drawn
i.n part :From sotaxces autside the intelligence canx:nuni.ty.
State
Treasury
Def ens e
Justice
CIA
ILECOMMENDATION (49)
Covert action cannot be abandoned, but it sliould be c~nzployed
only when clearly essential to vital LJ. S. purposes and then only
after a care:Lul process o:C high level review.
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State
Treasury
Defense
Justice.
'rwy._ E
~RECCJMM~.:I~TDA'.t'IC7N (50)
11.s the sensi.tiYrity a_nd risl.cs of covert action require app:rapriate
revietiv and consultation:
--- covert action should only be authorized u.ftcr col.lecti.ve
considers{:ion of its benefits and risks by all avsil.able
40 Committee niexnbers, and that,.
-- besides granting initial approvals, the X1:0 Co:mm.itLce
should .regularly review the continuing apprapr.iateness
of activiti~:s still being pursued.
I:LECQMMENDATION {51)
;state PL-93-559 be amended i:a require reporting of covert actions to
~?.sury the proposed Joint Caizimii:tee on l~Tatio,lal Security, and to an~.it any
?-,`=:t~~sP requirement'for the personal certi.ficatian o:E the President as to
Justice their necessity,
CIA
RECC~MMENDATItJN (52)
State
Treasury
Def ens e
Justice
CIA
The NSCIC should be actively used as the principal. faru.xn for
the resol.utian, short of the President, of the differing perspectives
of intelligence consumers and producers, and should. ixyeet freguen.tly
f.or that purpose,
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Ii.E GOMMENDATI ON (5 3 )
State
Treasury
lae.fense
Justice
Agriculture
Cax-nmexcc
C.LA
rIA
State
Treasury
Defense.
Justice
CIA
State
Treasury
Defense
Justice
OMB
CIA.
While the intelligence agencies should retain and exercise their
ixnpraved competence in t-hc; analysis o# .international econ.ozriic issues,
the Departments of State, Tr easury, Coxnn~exce, and Agriculturre:, and
the Council of Ecanonzic Advisors must maintain similar ca}5abilities
loctised on the analysis of issues invo}.ving their own responsibilities,
VJ~e believe that, in all lour cif i:he Depar.trnent:s, those cap~~,bilities
should be significantly strengthened,
RECOMMENDATION (54)
A small staff of the highest clues}.ity, drawn from within and witl~iou4
-the intelligence community and responsible :for the dra:ftixlg and x?eviet~?
of NIEs,, should be established. This staff, reporting directly to the
DFI, should be charged with reporting clearly any important dif-~
ferences in the views of concerned agencies, and the xeasons lox suer
differences.
REGOMMENDATION (55)
a. Under the direction of the DFI, the IC staff should. expanel
"Perspectives for Intelligence" into an annually revised nzu}.ti-
year plan for the allocation o:f responsibilities across tl~e intelli:g enee
cornm.unity. The plan should lac reviewer} in USII3 and approved ley the
NSCIC.
b. On the basis of the multiyear flan, the IC staff should prepare
an annual Consolidated Foreign Intelligence Budget. A:Eter review by
IRAG~ancl OMB, this document should guide the budget submission of
each of the agencies and departments of the intelligence caxz~.xizunity
to OMB. It should also provide a basis far the canside.r, anon, by the
proposed Joint Comrrxittee of the Congress on National Se cur.ity, of
the funds to be annually authorized the intel.li~,encc: corn.rnunity,
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RE COMMENDA7:5~N (5 6 )
State The excacutive branclx fcireign affairs afencies should sc,elc 4tde?-
`;]'reasury quate funding :for the specific purpose of detTeloping more coznpre-
Uefense pensive public affairs pragrazns.
Justice
OMB
CIA
RECOMMENDATION (57)
State
Deferls e
OMB
USII~.
:.nse
ii;~IA
The International Eclucatian Act of 1966, or an equivalent act to
develop and support programs of advanced and undergraduate izxter--
national studies, should be funded. Its objectives zni~;ht be broadened
to include programs designed. to provide (a) extensive .research in
Foreign policy :fields and (b) better substantive training for journalistse
RI; COMMENDATI ON (5 3 )
Forums for interchange o:# views and opinion between govc:~n-
rrzent, particularly`the State Depaxtrrzent, and, the public be expanded.
RECOMMENDATION (5g)
State Because of the importance of the functions of the Office. of Iiuman-
AID itarian Affairs (D/HA), its director should have the title of Special
Assistant to the Secretary of State.
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,~ ~
RIB COMMENDA'I'I ON (G O )
State
Defense
The Department of State should cxeate an .Advisory Con~xnittee
on lIuman Rights to advise the Depa.ri;rnent on U. S, policy with
respect to international huxnan~rigl-its issues. Tlxis coxximittee; sl~xould
include selected xepresenL-atives ol: nangovera.~rnental o.rFanizati.ons,
s rhalar s, Mexxibex s of Cong:~ e s s , char chxrxen, and others active in
the lIuman Rights field..
RECOMMENDATION (61)
Decisions involving the use of farce should be made with. prior
recognition of their ethical implications and standing in law.
RECOMMENDATION (62}
The Department of State should maize instruction i.n ethical and
human rights considerations an integral part of the basic training of .
Foreign Service Officers and of the various area studies progxarrls.
RECOMMENDATION (63)
The U. S. Representative to the llum.an Rights Commission should
be a full time official of axnbassadarial xank and assigned bxoad xespox7-
sibility tar human rights considerations. inherent in a17. U. S, partici--
pati.ox~ at the l7nited Nations. If necessary, the Ambassador sl~auld.
be provided with additional staff for this purpose.
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Stai,e Chiefs of missions in sensi.t:ive Duman rights areas should assign
personnel to xrionitox and report on I-Iunzan Rights issues.
RECOMMENDATION (b 5 )
State `.C'he Executive Develapxn.ent Si:aff of t;he Foreign Affairs r;~ec--
utive Service (proposed in the I~'ersonnel Chapter of this Report)
should be given responsibility for identifying qualified individu.al.s
througkxout the government, and -for recoa.-nmendation to the President
as potential ambassadorial nominees. Similarly, when circumstances
call far appointment of individuals outside the government, whether
:from business, labor, or the academic worl.cl, they should lae ap~aintcd;
-the guiding principle must- be to match job needs with the best
qualified individual available.
R,ECC7MMENDA~.L'ION (66)
State It should became accepted a.nd standard operating procedure
I7ef~.nse that coxr~i7iunicatians to and froxn all. Embassy- personnel o;f all
CTA. agencies be available to the Ambassador, either in advance or
after. dispatch, at his discretion..
RECOMMENDATION (b7)
State Control of diplornaL-ic cryptographic facilities be :fully in the
Defense hands of the Department of State.
AID
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RECOMMENDAT~N (68) ~~
State The Under Secretary of State for Manage>n-ient should be assigned
Defense direct authority for communications, including Foreign Service
Commerce reporting, and should establish a staff to carry out this r esponsibil:ity,
CI.I~ This st:~.ff'shoul.d take the lead-- -with the c.oll.aborati.on of th.e Bureau
of Intelli.genc.e and Resear ch (INR), the Regional Bureaus, the
Foreign Affairs Institute (L'.l~.J:), and the Executive Secretariat ?-- i~z
nzakiizg the :Embassy communications system and particularly
Foreign Service reporting more effective ix~. scope, content ane3. Iorzn.
In so doing it will need f.o xzzalce systematic studies of needs of the
many di.sparat;e users-.starting with. the President and Sec"rotary--
of Foreign Service reporting, and communications generally, and to
devise ways for fulfilling those needs.
RECQMIvIENDATIUN (69)
'?:ate INR should tivork actively with such a Foreign Service Reporting
:~.~~ise StaFE, t~ xelate Foreign 5exvicc: repartin,g effectively to tl:ie n.cc.ds of
C;I.l~. the intelligence commuxzity, and shoul_cl be staffed ad. E:cluatel.y to
fulfill this role.
RECOi~~IMENDATION (70)
State The Foreign Affair. s Institute,. i.n coor. clinati.on with the Foreign
Servi.c.e Reporting Staff, should si.gn.ificantly improve its course
offerings .and in-service university enr ollments to train officers to
fulfill the assessment role in Foreign Service Reporting.
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'w
State
~. OZ11YTl. G' r C e
States
Treasury
Defense
. ; ~z~i cultu-r e
..r~-~.erce
:I.,.;~1;or
AID
CIA
USIA
.State
Treasury
Defense
Agri cultur e
Commerce
Labor
AID
CIA
USIA
State
C7MB
RECOMMENDATION (71)
At many pasts abroad, political and ecanoxnic sections i.n the
~;mbassies should be Yxzerged. Integrated, camprehensi.ve reporting
and assessment which considers economic and political issues in
their cl.ase relati.anship are what we believe tivi11 be x~rzost needed;
a camlained section would enhance the lilcelihaod of it being produced.
It would also help to encaura.g~E: I'S O's serving abroad f.o pay more
atte.nt:ion to the economic aspects of our bilateral relations,
RECOMMENDATION (72)
The Ambassador should have a full opportunity to comrz~xent on
any change in the staff complen~.ents of each agency at his past,
and his word should carry great weight even if it is not the deter
znini,ng factor.
RECOMMENDATION (73}
The.Department of State should provide managerial. a.nd admin-
istrative services far the entire mission.
RECOMMENDATION (74)
Ambassadors should frequent-1y consult in the Department of
State and elsewhere in Washington, perhaps several ti_xnes a year in
addition to leave, depending on specific needs. On. a somewhat Jess
frequent basis,: DCIvIs and section heads should come to Washington
for c011sllltat1011, and, conversely, Country Directors, Deputy assist-
ant Secrc:t?aries, and Assistant Secretaries a# geographic bureaus
should spend a substantial portion of their time in the fie.lci. The
Dopartn~ent's budget requests, and Congressional .r, espoxzse to them.,
should reflect this need.
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R.ECOIvIM:ENDA`l~iV (75)
State
OMI3
State
`t'reasury
Defense
Agri cultur e
Commerce
AID
CIA
Regional conferences of ].cey personnel frox~n Washington a.nd the
various missions should. he Ixeld more fxecluently than the current
chiefs of mission conferences.
R.ECOMMI~NDATION (76)
The Office of the Inspector General of Foreign Affairs, ;,a
xxiandated to i~zspect the overseas activities of all U. S. agencies
associated with Embassies and Consulates, in addition to those: a:f
the Department of State.
RECOMMENDATION (77)
Each, incoming administration should create a nonparti.sax~. com-.
missipn, including representatives of the Congress, charged witrx
reassessing an a broad front U. S. participation in multilatcz~a.3.
agencies axid prograxn.s, and recammencling changes in our policies
and programs as necessary.
RECOMMENDATION (78)
The BureaLl of International Oxga.nizati.on Affairs (10) should
be reconstituted as a smaller Bureau :far United Nation Affairs,
serving primarily as a Washington point o? reference far TJ. S. mis-
sions in New York and Geneva, and responsible for international
organization budgetary contributions and international conference
support. IO's palicymaking :functions should lae a.llacatr_d to functi.ana.J.
bureaus for the relevant issue areas, and through them, to the
functional Under Secrei:aries. R.esponsikaility for arraz~gi.n.g inter-
national Conferences might go to the Under Secretary for rz~xa.nagcxxient.
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RECOMMENDATION (79)
State The z-nultilat-era]. policy ;f:unctiori for such issues of global inter-
dependence shauld be allacatr-,d to the Under Secretary for Ecoziomic
and Scientific Affairs. The policy function for political or mi].i.tary
znultilater'a1 issues, such as peacekeeping, should be assigned to t-he
new Under Secretary for Political and Security Affairs.
REGOMMENDATION (g0)
State In most policy areas the Department of State- should select the
heads of delegations for multilateral negatiatioxis, seeking th.e best
qualified individuals in or out of government.
RECOMMENDATION (81)
State .
CS C
Staffing for permanent missions should be accoxriplished through
both the Foreign Service and Civil Service systems, Assig~.xnent,
training, and promotion practices should be devised which (a) develop
a measure of expertise in multilateral diplomacy without creatzng a
separate core of specialists, and (la) permit wide flexibility to
utilize substantive specialists from many agencies..
PtiECOMMENDATION (82)
State The head of the U. S, delegation to the U. N. should be a prominent
personage with a close relationship to the President, and should hold
Cabinet- rank. .
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State
USIA
z: ~.
LILat ~'
OMl3
USIA
State
OMI3
USIA
. 'w.r~ .
~R1iaCOIviMLNDATICON (83}
The appointment of Mc:n:xbers of Gangress to intexnation.al dole~-
gatians whenever -Feasible, as a particulaxly useful way of beeping
Congress involved and informed about rnultil.atexal forc;i.gn policy
issues.
RECOMMIaNDATION ($4}
Fragran~.s which project and explain tT. S. faxeign policy, naw
split between the State Department and USIA, should be caxnbin~d
in a new State Department Office of Policy inforration.
REC~MMIJNDATION (85}
All general (non-policy) information and cultural activities
which are now carried out by the Department of State ar the; U. S.
Information Agency, other than those of the VOA, shaulcl. lie cozzx-
bined in a new semi-autonomous (o-r associated) Infarrnati.on and
Cultural Affairs Agency (IGA). The IGA Dixectar would report
to the Secretary of State, ox alternatively, if the President: wishes,
the Director could report directly to the P.resicl.ent wh.ilc, :receiving
day-.to-day policy guidance From tl.1e Secretary of State.
RDCOMMENDATION (86)
The Voice of America should be set up as an independent feclera.l.
agency unciex a Board of Governoxs, with a nzan.date to bra~.dcast
accurate, objective, and comprehensive news as well as to represent
American sariety in its totality, and with the State Dei~az-trnc,nt respan-~
sible fax that portion of its programming Z~hirh pre-scants or eh.plai.ns
U. S. foreign policy,
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RLCOMMI~;NDAT;~t~T (S7) ~
State
Defens e
CIA
The practice of developing anal making public a periodic Presi-
dential "State of t}.~e World I~epox~t,! ~ be reintroduced.
RECOMMENDATION (SS)
A "Global Systems Critical List of Problrx~ns and Opportunities"
be authorized by act of Congress to be? prepares{ by ~ai2 arganizati.on
such as the National Academy of Sciences.
RECOMMENDATION (89)
`Mate The President should create a Council of Intexnational. Planning
.~~_}fense (CIP), xnadeled in structure on the Gouncil of Econax~.ic .f~dvisers
C~dIB (CEA), to serve him directly and in a manner of his choasing i.x.l t:he
CEA planning of :Foreign policy.
CIA
RECOMMENDATION (9 0 )
A single, highly competent officer, personally selected by t:.he
Secretar}r, shau].d be gitren full time respansibility for th.e work an
the "State of the. World Report. " .
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~.
REC:OMMI.NDA~rIOIV (ol)
State l~.egular xn.enzber s of the I'oJ.icy Planning Staff wau.ld normally
be expectE:cl to involve themselves at- one tix-ne or another i.n each
of the l~I.anning functions ---anticipation, challenge, rcevaluaL-ion.,
~.nd the forxnulatioxi of strategic concepts.
1Z.FCOMMENDATION (92)
State The Director of the PaI.icy Planning Staff should have one deputy
to I.cad the warlc of the staff in :Fulfilling the -role of antieipaf.ian and
initiatives, and another deputy x?espansible principally :For the chal-
lenge and reevaluation :functions.
R,~COMMJ~NDATION (93)
State An Advisory Committee be created Iay the State Department,
consisting of outside scholars and experts who can assist the Plan-
ning Staff keep abreast of new developments of substantive and
methodological kinds. An officer of the Policy Planning Sta.:Ff should.
be charged with matching the Staff's needs with outside researchers
best clual.ified to meet them, and with being its link to the 11cJ.visar. y
Coxxxmittee and the external research camm.unity:
R~COMMLNDATION (94.)
State The President should direct a lcey foreign policy advisor (log-
OMT3 ically the Deputy Secretary of State) to becoxxxe more deeply in--
~:?uzrxestic volved in the review of significant budget and related activities of
Council foreign affairs agencies and darnestic agencies which have i.riter--
nai:ional implications; thus to ensure that these pragrarx~.s e:Ffecti.vel.y
express the President's foreign policy objectives.
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Sta,t:e
OMB
State
OMB
State
OMT3.
State
OMl3
R:ECOMM~NDATION {g5)
Particul~.~r.ly cJ.ose relations between OM:f3 tz.nd 1VSG shoulcl be
dc:velopecl: th.e OMB director acid his staff should participate n~a:re
in the fare~ign policynYaking process, and NSG personnel xxxust be
involved in the b~xdgc:t praccss. '
RL:GO:MMENDATION (96}
~. limited inter change of personnel of State, NS C,and OML-'
should be instituted. to improve these interfaces.. In addition pr~a-
cedures :Car assessing t:he cross-agency budgetary impact of n.ev/
international commitments should be reviewed and modified as
appropriated,
RLGOMMEND.ATION (~'7)
The State Department, through the Deputy Secretary, slxauld
continue to lead in extending ~'oriegn affairs programming tech-
niques. an a selective, step-ley-step basis, supparted by NSG and
OMB. Responsibility of the Assistant' Secretaries of State :for th.e
coordination of government programs in regions and. roun.trie:s
should be reaffirxxxed.
RECOMMTNDATION (98}
Annual policy and program reviews of specific country and r.e~
gional programs should be instituted with recom_xnendatian.s by tl,c
Assistant Secretaries an agency programs to be cycled a.n.to the
budget process.
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RECOMMENDATION (9~~} `~
State Staff capabilities in regional .bureaus far program. analysis and
OMl3
~i:ate
OMB
coordination should be appropriately strengtlxened.
R.ECOMMEI~rI]ATION (100 )
The foreign policy.znachinery (NSC and State) should continue
to direct from time to time country and regional studies by acl hoc
teams with designated leadership where the above ci.tec3 interaen.cy
prograrnxning reviews might not produce the "fresh" policy optian.s
and resource analysis required in the President's pexspective.
RECOMMENDATION (101)
Ambassadors, particularly i.n .large cou.nt~?ies, sl-iould. pr~i-note
country pragramrx~.ing techniques to xn.eet their n-~anagerial needs.
These efforts should be directly integrated with State-led regional
and country reviews. and with the agency-based bud~,ct processes.
RECOMMENDATION (].02)
The two foreign relations cammi.ttees shaulel be given appartu-~
pity to review and corr~nent on the views and estimates of the Ap-
propriaL-ions Cornmittees (submitted by March 15 to the Ilau.:ae and
Senate Budget Corr~snittees) so that the latte.x committees could.
consider the foreign policy implications of the, recarrixnendations
an appropriation itezx~.s (Fox exar~zple, ozz agricultural pradtxcti.oi-y.
or defense posture).
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?State
RECOMP~IENDA'I.~zr~N (103)
The two lo:reign relations comn~itf;ees should have representation
on the 13ucl~;et Camxnittecs of bath douses to improve consi.d.eration
of issues which relate to domestic and internat-i.onal coz7siderai;ians,
RECOMMENDATION (104)
Congress should xriove to simpliFy' the process eithex- by (a) l.ixx~.it-
ing t:he authorization dills to general levels of exp.enditur e and by
placing xn.are detailed revisions in more permanent legislatiazi not
xepeated each year (e. g, , AID and MAP), or (b) adapting multi-
year autharizations which could locus review more effectively on
the direction and longer-.term effectiveness of programs,
RECOMMENDATION (105 )
/ [state]
The Depaxtrrxent should develop axi annual manpower plan in
which each bureau chief sl~.ould specify the kinds and xni.?x of lunc?-
tianal and bilateral competence required lox .a 3.-yeas period a.nd
the way in which this i:alent will be acquired or developed.
RECOMMENDATION (106)
Within the annual plan, to be approved by the Secretary, bureau
chiefs, (function and geographic} should proceed to accluixe the
personnel required, malting effective use of all personnel a.ut:l~oz?.iti.es
without case?-by~-case approval al personnel author ities.
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.I2,ECC3MMT;NDA`~7~N (107)
State A viable professional system witkiin the Civil Service authority
CSC should be developed fox adegl.late career appointments to attract
and xei:ain qualified personnel..
Rl!;GOMMENDATION (108)
State Tlie Depa.rtm.ent should xegtzest Elie necessary GS superi;radc:s to
provide meazzingful caxeer ladders in the Civil Service category.
RECOMMENDATION (109)
Functional bureau directors should participate in the informal
FSO assignments process and carec,x planning to the saxnc extent
that geographic- l7ureaus do.
Ii.ECOMMENDATION (110)
State The Foreign Service should be recruited, trained, and sized to
its historic mission--that of represc;nting t3. S. interests in far.eign
countries. This requires people willing to and psychologically ~.t?-
timed to serve in alien and difficult situations and who have- strong
basic competence in area studies and language.
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R.I~COMM:ENDAT~N (I 11)
State A xiza~or change in enzpliasi.:~, however, should be directed toward
ixnpraveixlc,nt in xigoxous sh.oxt find longer term. assessment of U, S,
interests and anal~rtic ~~eportin~;,
RECOMMENDATION (112)
State The officers should be broadened by experience ahd training for
the new assessment emphasis, particularly in the area of ecoxiomics,
RECOMMENDATION (113)
Responsibility :for Departxent?-wide personnel n~anagexnent :Eunc>~
tioxis should be centered in the Deputy Under Secretary for Mane
agexxzent, wha shou.lcl be made C7ncler Secretary.
RECOMMENDATION (114)
State A xnodern, professional personnel function should be established
at the Department level, with a Director reporting f:o the Under
Secretary far Management. Ilis task would be to see that viable
careers are developed within all personnel categories and that all
systems work to the :Cull benefit of the Department.
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IZLCUMMENDATION (115)
The Director General of the Foreign Service should repast to the
Director of I'c~rsonnel and should focus ulaon the administration of
the high mo%ility officer componezsi (L'SOs) within prescribed
Departmental policy.
RECOMMENDATION (116)
State The board of the Foreign Service should be reviewed and reori-
ented to a new cross-agency mission as discussed above. The Under
Secretary for Management sl~at~l.d lead the review anti-be designated.
Chairman of the reconstituted. Board.
RECOMMENDATION (117)
State The Under Secretary far Management should be respoxxsible: for
developing, far the Secretary's approval, an annual Dcpartrn.ent
manpower plan as a vehicle for determining the needs for. and
deployment of people and slza.lls over 3-5 years.
RECOMMENDATION (118)
State The Policy Planning Si:aff should play a lcey role in dc:velopin.g
far the Secretary's approval lias.c guidance as tb the policy cli_~-ec-
tions, shifts in deplayznent emphasis at overseas posts, and cra.tical
competences to be acquired.
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REGOMMENDATI=~, (l.lq) ~
State
CS C
%ate
CS C
State
CS C
The Under Secretary :for Management should esf:ablish an Execu-
tive Development Program adnlinisterecl by a professional staff
reporting d.ixectly to him (outside but r dated to xegular Personnel
functions ). '
RECOMMENDATI?N (120)
Pron~oti.ons to designated executive jobs (largely :E'SO-2 and.
GS-16 and above} should be suY.iject to special procedures of a
Foreign Affairs Executive Service (FAES).
RECOMMENDATION (121)
Candidates would be 11se1ected in'' to executive jobs iza t}zM .T'AFS
by the Secretary on the basis o~E recomrnc:ndations front lix~.e man-
agers and the executive develop~.-ricnt staff.
RECOMMENDATION (1 Z2 )
The purpose of the Executive Development program would }.~e
to find the best talent from all categories within the Department
based on the Secretary's defined needs. It should be part of a
community-wide approach.
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RECOIViMENDATION (123) r/
State
CS C
A substantial imp??ovexnent b~ rnade i.n job descr.iptia:n a.ncl classi--.
ficatio.n practices for all positions in the, field anc]. i.n ~'V~ashi.ngton..
This is a prerequisite f.ar ~:?espo.nsible personnel management.
RECOM:.MENDATION (124)
State Rank--i..n-the-xnan ShoLtld run only through 03. All promotions to
O1 and 0~ should be related to specific jobs.
RECOMMENDATION (125)
State Greater enipJ.zasis should be placed o.n perfor.ma.nce and account-?
ability i.n the job through a.n.nual work. stateme:nf:.
RECOMMENDATION (126)
State The Service shauld adapt some farm of "climate a.na].ysi.s" or
reverse appraisal to gc~ a better understanding of officer views of
the perforrna.nce of super. visor s.
RECOMMENDATION (12?}
State The cone systex~n shauld be co.t~tinued (although tho program
direction cone would be rendered superfluous 1.7y the c:~ecuti.cc devel-
aprrxent recomrnendafio.ns). It.s basic purpose i.s to protect i:l~e con-
sular and aclmi.nistrative activities as viable ca. r.c:er sper,ialtic~s a_nd
to co.nti.nue to upgrade the eco.nonzic coxz~peterxc:?~ af: the Sc:rvier--..
Its ca.nti.nued effectiveness should be reviewed from time to ti.mc~.
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RECOMMENDA'I:-~N (12f3)
State All political officers .should }.gave the 26-week FSI coot se i.n eco-
axomi.cs or its equivalent. J'i.ie techniques, .as well as substance;, are
essential to good policy analysis.
RECOMMENDATION (I29)
State Over time, the distinction between political. and ecorxom.i.c cones
should be dropped. Economics today providGS a major context to
all international relations.
RECOMMENDATION (130)
State Inter cone assignments slioulcl be increased where the purpose
is to broaden experience, rather than to ac.cornxxiodatc; an excess of
political officers. The exchange should be a two?-way street where
Consular axid Administrative officers receive political assignments.
RECOMMENDATION (131)
State Officers should be given incentives to pursue dcfeper. s~zl.~stantive
issues of :foreign policy. They should be rewarded for initiative
(self study} and excellence in i:lxeix~ chosen fields th.rou gli pr. on~i.otions,
assignments in their chosen fields, awards, and mid-career work-
? study programs.
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RE COMMEN DA ~.~N (I.32)
State The 13~. rd of Examiners should be abolished and the Depar-txnent
establish a professional recxnitxxient ca.pabiliL-y within its personnel
n~zanagement function.
REGOMM:ENDATION (I33)
,State Tl~e examination procedures, written and'oral,~ slxau.ld be x-evisesd
to place more emphasis on testing aptitudes, creativity, and analytic
capabilities than specific l~.nowledge. New techniques being employed
in industry can be adopted for this purpose. .
RECOMMENDATION (134)
State Tlxe time :from e~>aminatian to entrarxce inter f:he service sh.ou7_d
be sharply shortened to fit xno.re nearly the needs of high-quali.t:y
applicants.
RECOMMENDATION (135)
State The Department should systematically interviev~ officials of col.?~
leges and u_nivorsities to cleterrnine whether the Z'oreigx~. Service is
obtaining the best qualified students from among those ~vh.o x~-xi~;ht
be intc-resi;ed in a foreign affairs career..
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RECOMMENDA'T O (136) ~
State More weight should be liven to rcc.ruiti.ng people at the graclua%e l:;vel
or wb.o have demanstratecl desired coanpetencc in specialties, especially
those with economic txaining and experience.
RECOMMENDATION .(137)
State The Department should review entering salaries and take steps to
OMB ensure that t-he. Foreign Service is reasonably competitive with. other
areas of Cevernment and industry :for the kind of talent it seelc;a,
R.C COMMENDATION (13 8 )
State ~'or the First two touxs of duty, or through the 06 lcvcl, ,T_~c;part.-
xne:ntal entrants should be on probationary status, Following ca.a~eful.
screening and the junior threshold review, the i.nclivi.dual would lie
given tenured officer status.
RECOMMENDATION { 13 g )
State- The individual should be able to opt at this point for a pre
dominatly Washington ox mobility career and for his area of
specialization.
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 State
CS G
State
OMB
Rll3JdH~,I.s~I~OQE~/~~07:CIA-RDP80B01495R000900070010-8
_~
Lateral transfers should be activeJ.y recruited--particularly of
people with demonstrated ecanonzic or appropriate technical e}:pertise.
RECOMMENDATION (I41)
A new system be installed of semiautomatic promotions in the
middle g.r.ades from FS 0-5 through FS 0-3. The junior threshold
exarnination (FS 0-6 to FS 0-5) should be continued.
RE COMMENJ~ATION (142, )
Provision should be made :far more rapid promotion. basecl~ on
exceptional pexformance on the job, and far "passing over pram.o.-
.tiara" far Chase with less satisfactory performances in a given pexiad,
but who might not be eligible for selection oiz.t in the current envi.x an.-
ment.
RECOMMENDATION (143)
Selection out for time in class and loz~ performance shauld be
continued but adapted to the semi-automatic promata.on app-raach.
RECOMMENDATION (144)
The Department should seek authority for 20-year retirement to
help reduce the pressures towaxd overstaffing in l~i.gher grades anal t:a
permit officers who are not selected ixxto the Executive Service to pux-
sue second ca-reexs.
RECOMMENDATION (145 )
Tlie 13nder Secretary :for Management shauld exercise greater.
oversight over the assignment process.
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State
State
RECOMMI?IND.A7:~N (19:6)
A farz~l of job posting should be adopted uzxder which all officers
are notified of assignments coming vacant and have a.n opportunity
to az~xalce their preferences Icx7own and to participate iz~ career
planning. '
RDCOMMEND.ATION (147)
.All FSO jobs should be rigorously reexazxzined to deterrxzizle which.
can be reclassified downward and made available to more junior
officers. This should apply to azxtbassadoria.l and DCM posi.ti.ons.
R.~COMMEND.ATION (148)
Routine jobs at the bottom of the Service should. be revi.e~vccJ.
be sure they require t~.niversity trained "gen~.ralists. " Those jobs
which do not should be :filled from. other sources of talea~t as
appropriate.
R]~,COMMEND.ATION (14d)
The 200 or so steppinb--stone jobs which. provide i-nanager.ial expe-
rience s}iould be clearly identified and husbanded :far deveJ.opmen.t
of those with indicated rnanageznent potential.
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RECOMMENDA':CION (150)
State
OM F3
CS C
State
OMB
CS C
State
OMB
More assignments should UE; xz~ade outside tb.e State Departmr-.nt
in joUs t~+ith.xnanagerial axxd programmatic content. Stage should
Lake initiative to reinvigo:eate and expand the exchange px ogx?axns
underway.
R,ECOM1vIENDAT'ION (.1.51)
All DCM's at larger posts (Class Land 11) should b.ave had a
prior tour of duty with signa.ficant management e.xper}.ence a.n ox
out of State.
RE COM:M.~CNDATION (152.)
"Leave?-without.-pay" service outside the Executive I:3ranclz in
activities w}zich broaden.xnanagerial or funct:ianal experi.enc.e should
Ue encouraged, and the service outside should count :for purposes
of promotion and ret ircment. Such services could include industry
(e. g. , petroleum, laanking), :foundations, universities, congressi.o.nal
staffs, or state and local governments.
R.LCOMMENDATION (153j
The detail of FS O's to state and local governments sl~.auld }~e
effectively implemented under the Pearson Act. (This will reclui.re
changes in the law and appropriations limitations. )
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RECOM:MENDA'~~N (15~)
State For high performance/laotential officers, anew prograxrz should lie
OMl3 mounted for deepening functiozlal competence thxou~;h one-year
periorls of worlc--study at znici-caxeer l.evel.s (].?..15 years i.n th.e scr-
vi.cc,), to 13e designed by the officer, s involved, witl-z guidance and
aplaroval by the Departrrzent-.
RECOMMEN:DA'I'ION (J.55)
State
OMB
AlD
CS C
a. The executive branch and Congress should undertake: a com.pxe ~.
pensive assessment of f:he rate and scope of the ecoriamic d.evelop-
m.ent program. An effective pez~sozznel program cannot be operated.
in the present conditions of uncertainty. It is a propitious time to
reexamine AID's longer-term rnission.
b. If f:he program is to be c.onti.nu.ed, AID ox its successor agency
should develop a "compatible" but separate personnel system clez
signed to attract and retain high quality devc:lopznent prafc;ssionals.
RECOMMENDATION (15 6 )
State USIA's personnel systerrz, under t-he new agency we lave pro-.
USIA posed, should canti.nue as a separate system with "compatible" regu~
CSC lotions. FSIO's should not be merged as a cane of the FSO Corps.
The new agency should develop the unique kind. of staff. required to
coordinate and manage the increasingly important exchanges a.nd
contracts through private channels.
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w..
REGOMMENDATI0:1V (157)
State, The President should direct key domestic agencies (through the
OMI3 Secretary of State, OMB, and i:he Civil Service Commission) to take
CSG steps to strengthen their personnel systems in oxder to p~l.rti.ci_pate
mare effectively i.n the development and execution of foreign folic}T.
RECOMMENDATION '(158)
State General rules and standaxc~s should be issued to guide devel.op-
OMB ment of a :family of compatible, agency-run systems.
CS C
RECOMMENDATION (159)
State _ The President designate certain 'executive jaE3s and the n~r.r-^n, yiha
..Defense hold them as part of a Foreign Affairs Executive Service. Tkxe
. OMB designated jabs would be Tilled only after a systematic executive
CSG search across the various agencies' feeder systems.
RECOMMENDATION (160)
State The President shauld instruct the Head of each Agency in.valved
Defense to improve Executive Development Frograxn.s t~ithin his agency,
OMB based on. policy guidelines to ensuxe that each "feeder" system
CSC makes an aptimun~. cantribxition to the govexnxnent-~~aide approach.
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RECOMMENDATI'~1 (161j =~
State a. Prime responsibility for support of the president irz implexzzentinr
7)efense tkze Foreign Affairs Executive Service would be placed i.n t}ze Secretor,-
OMB of State:, under a I'resi.dential. charter. It would be'~zccom.plished
~..
CSC largely tkzrough expansion of the L;~ecutive Develaprriesi:l Staff
reporting to the Under Ser.retary far Manageznent.
b. This staff should also organise a.n azznual e:xecuti.ve xzza.npower
review to monitor p-rogre:ss of agency prog-razns and ].~ey individuals
with executive potential.
RECOMMENDATION (16Zj
State The FSI program should be expanded to handle the principal.
:Defense language and fcareign affairs traa.ning for all agencies. .Its name
CI.A. should be changed to Foreign Affairs Institute (F'AIj to recognize
the broader mission.
RECOMMENDATION (163j
Si:ate The funding of FAI should ho made entirely reimbursable with
OMI3 State and other participants paya.ng t).zeir share of the costs in tkze
form of tuitio:n.. A revolving fund should be established to permit
financial planning on along-terra basis.
RECOMMENDATION (164}
State Steps should be taken to provide better FAl facilities in the
OMB Washington area. ApprQpriatians should be sought for tkzi. ~ pur-
pos e.
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1~.ECOIvIM:ENDATIC?N (165 }
State State should develop a process for providing an annual statement
of training requirements and for evaluation of perfarznaz2ce in xrzeeting
those requirements.
RECOMMENDATION (1G6)
State a. Revoke E. O. 11636 as it now stands.
OMB .
AID b. Gontinue to exempt Foreign Service Officers as' Presidential
USIA appointees from. the main provisions of E. O. 11491.
c. Extend a similar ehemption to FSIO's and FSP,.'s of th.e three
agencies?i. e. , alI rank-in-the-roan pr ofessi.onals.
d. Prayide for repr.esentatian of the above officers through. AFSA.,
or other organizations, as professional associations.
e. .Provide all athex employees of State, AID,and USIA repre-
sentation -and bargaining rights under E.O. 1149.1.
RECOMMENDATION (167)
State a. Establish a single focal paint in State for mobilizing the nec?-
cessary management resources to conduct effective 1t:MR [Employee-
Managez~rzent Relations]: the proposed Uxzder Secretary for Man.agc-
xnent, supported by an experienced professio~zal staff with. continuity.
b. Enforce the use of this Office as the xrzanagezrzez~t channel in
dealing with employee organizations.
c. Glorify the EMR policies.
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.ILI;COMMENDA'1R~N (I.6&)
State
Labor
OM FS
AlD
USIA
C:i C
a, The Board o:f the :C'oreign Service, should be tal~exi out o:F the
employee-management relations l~usine,ss. In its place, general ovc;:r-
sight shot.zld be given to a new seven-x7zan I~'oreign ALfairs Council
composed o:F represen.tatives of State (two menr.bers including. the
chairman), AID, USIA, Labor, CSC and OMIT who have expertise
in the E:MR :Field. The council would be advisory to the Secretary as
to the operation of the IaMI:, system and as to policy xequired to
make the system work,
b. The Disputes .Panel should continue to settle all cases brought,
subject only to review byT the heads o:F Foreign A:F:fairs agez~zcies.
c. There should be pxova.sion :For :Fred-period contracts, thus
eliminating the current "r ollixig" negotiations.
d. Interagency consultation requirements should be strengthened.
e. .Discretionary beneFits should be removed From the bargainizxg
Dither by amending the Order or by assigning the. determination to
OMB, CSC, or some agency OLlt:ilde State...
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RE G(~MMENDA':~,~)N (16 q)
`.Che Goxzgress sJ.~ould adopt, b~T concurrrent resolutiox~., a .state-
ment that a national commitme:nt--meaning a promise to assist. a
:farcign country, governmc,x-xt or people by the use of the armed
:forces or financial resources of the United States, either imrnecli-
ately or upon the happening of certain events--results only from
affix~xnative action talcen by the Legislative axzd ~~.ccui:ive )3ranc.Ixes
of the United .States Go-~=ernment by means of a treaty, statute, or
concurrent- resolution of both lIouses of Gongress specifica.ll.y
providing for such corrttrxitm.ent.
RE CdMMENDATION . (170 )
The national exner gencies should be terminated by lava and that
all statutes delegafing authority in time of national erxzer gen.cy should
be repealed or revised to conform to L-he provisions of the proposed
Nation Emergencies Act.
REG4MIvIENDATI4N (17I)
Any future declarations of national emergent}r should specify the
statutory power. s required to meet such an emergency; that all national
emergexzcies should be terminable at any time by concurrent resalu-
tian or by 'residential proclamation; and tl-~.t in the absence of
extension by Congress, provision should be made far terxz~.inati_ax~.
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RECUMMENDAT1c.~N (.172)
Congress skzottld establish pracedur.es to I.irrxit tl~.c; accessions for
dispute between the Lwo branches, and to provi.dc; for the swiftest
resalution of conflicts shauld they arise. These procedures should
regularise the l~racess whereby either I.-louse c>r a conzrn.ittee of
either House may seek information. They slxou}.d also establish the
steps whereby, if that in:forrnation is denied and the IIouse or conz-
mittee i.n question shauld deem the claim of }7ri.vilege uz~just:ifiecl,
the nzaL-ter can be referred to the federal. caurts far expeditious
resolution.
RECCaMMENDATICJN (173)
We propose t-hat the Congress consider legislatian establi.shirzg
a comprehensive systern for classification based on the following
guidelines
a. The mandatory classification, in one of severa}. degrees
of. classification, o:f specified.. types of i.nformati.onrelatin:
principally to the national defense and the souz-ces a.n.d
methods of intelligence.
b. The mandatory exemptian from classi.ficatian of ather
specified types of information, relating principally to
lT, S. actions in violation of U. S. law.
c. The, discret:ian, lodged in appropriate officials,. to classify-
or exempt froz-n classification all other info??xna.tian on the
basis of specified criteria which balance the need :Ear secrecy
against the potential value of disclosure.
d. A comprehensive system of autorna.tic downgraclin~; and.
declassi:ficatian.
e. The application of specified sanctions to persons viol.atin~~
the terms of the system, iz-zcluding criminal pen.alf;i.es for
the unauthorized release of properly classi.fi.ed i.nfar.t~r-zati.o.~~,
and significant adxxi.inistrati.ve sanctions applicable to over
classification.
f, The availibility of legal process to resolve an.y questions
arising from classification decisions.
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RECOMMENDATION (174)
In both the review of candidates and iri the consideratiari of
nominees, the Senate should caxitinue to require af. persons under
consiciera.tion :familiarity ezther with the country to which t:lze
nominee i.s to 17e accredited, or experience in the formulation ar
practice of U. S. foreign policy, or some other substantial a~:xd
relevant set of qualifications.
RECOMMENDATION (175 )
The Commission recarxu7zends greater use of report:-back require~-
.ments :for both executive tc;stimony and written .reports from execu-
tive officials to the Congress, and more (request in.cor.poration of
statutory time limits in proposed legislation, particularly orx new
programs anal policies.
RF.COMMENDAT'ION (l76)
In the House we propose that the Committee on In.ternati.onal
Relations be accorded "special oversight functions" over recip:r~acal
tariff agreements, in addition to its othex responsibilities :for trade.
policy issues.
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.RLCOMMEIVDAT.I`~?N (177)
The House CarnmitL-ee on Intert~national Relations should exercise
concurrent legislative ovcr~cigl~if, aver international financial oxgani.w
nations, together. with the lZouse Committee an F3anlcing anal Currency.
R.ECC3MMENDATIGN (178}
l~'rom the point of view of improving ,Congress' ability to consider
:foreign policy matters efficiently and effectively, Cher. efaxe, a review
by the Senate of its awn cozn.mittee system now seems al~propriatc.
The Commissions sL-rongly recommends such a review.
1~ECOMMENDATION (179}
The Commision recommends fuller utilization of sul~connrr].i.i.tees
to strengtkzen the basis of corrzmittee action, and to provide greater
interchange with worlci.ng-level executive officials at tl~e Assa.stant
and Under Secretary levels, It also recommends increased use of
joint hearings by subcomxnittees to meet part of the need., es.pr.essed
clearly in Congressional responses to the survey, conducted by i;his
Commission, for .better coordination of the actions of the Congress
in the foreign policy field.
R:CCC)MMENDATTON (180)
In the Commission's view, a Joint Committee on National Secu-
rity should be established. It should perform for the Congress the
kinds of policy review and caoxdination now performed in the execu-
tive branch by the National Security Cozuzcil, and provicl.e a central
point of Linkage to the President and to the officials af, that Council.
In addition it should take resl]onsi.bility for Congressional. aver sight
of the Intelligence Cozrzmunity.
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~Ii.ECOMMENDA'SI~C N (1.81)
The Commission recozxirnen.ds that the Joint Gan~miti:ee be
vested with the :following :>pecific jurisdictions and authorities:
a. Receipt, analysis axed referral (along with. any recom-
mendations it may consider appropriate) o:f repa its
from t-}~.e President under the War Powers Act.
b. Receipt a.nd. review of analytic products of the intel<
ligence col~nmuni.ty.
c. Oversight (in conjunction with the executive branch) of
the system of information classification diseussecl above,
d. Establishment and maintenance of facilities and prUCedures
:for storage and handling of classified information and
materials supplied to the Congress.
e. Establishment of a code of conduct to govexn the hai~.dling
by Committee members of classified ox sensitive inforxn.ation.
RE COMIviENDATION (182 )
We propose that the Joint Committee:
a. Consider the creation of a statutory system of information
classification, and (i.f intelligence oversight is assigned, to
it). .
b. Be granted authority :for annual authorization of funds for
the intelligence corn_munity.
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R.~.GOMIVI~NDA".l_~N (I83) ~~
A central Congressi.az-ial repository for written reports to
Congress :tram e~ecutive,l~ranch agencies, efficient pr aceclures
far nz.al:ing such reports available to all interested Members, and
convenient means far maintaining security of classified. reparts,
should be ?clevel.oped, as proposed above, by the Joint Committee
on National Security.
RLGOMMDNDATION (184}
The Cammission recommends that Congress desi.gnaL-e the
Joint Committee on Congressional Operations as responsible :Eor
representing the interests of the Congress as a whole anti. authari~ed
to provide the Cangressional IZ.esearch Service with policy guidance,.
assistance in security resources, and some nzeasur e of insulation
against the lowex priority caxzcern which deflect it frozxi sustaizzed
wotlc on major issues, thus insuring that some part of the CRS
staff i.s able to focus steadily on. issues to which Congress as a
whale accords High priority.
RECOMMENDATION (I 8 5 )
Tlxe Commission recommends that the Haase Commission on
Information and Facilities, created as part of the Cornxriittee Re:Lornx
Amendments of 1974, Look with special care at Lhe research suppart
available to Congress whexi legislating in foreign policy. We also
suggesi: that the Information Commission seek better managexxzent
of Cangressional use of research by designating the Joint Cammittee
on Congressional Operations to oversee research organizati.ans; and..
that it seek to facilitate wider use by the Congress of the policy
research capabilities of universities and non-profit research ceni:ers.
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RECOMMENDATION (186)
The Commission rcconaznencls the publir.ation of a summary o~
the Foreign and International Rc;lations Committees research interests
and pxiorities.
R}~COMM:ENDATION (187)
In the judgment of the Commission, more extended travel lay
Members, the preparation of special reports based on staff travel
abroad (particularly Foreign and International I~.elat-ions Comzn~ittees
investigative staJ_f ), and increased travel lay teams of Men-zber s
.rather tlzan individuals are highly desirable.
RECOMMENDATION (188)
Foreign travel reporting xequirexnents should be extended to the
entire Congress, and an unproved system of circulating, manitorizzg,
and evalLlating these reports developed.
RECOMMENDATION (189)
Through carefully organized hearings Congress can provide the
critical review o# U, S. purposes, and o:f their relation to sho:rter~-
term. policy, necesss,ry to test their soundness and coherence, anrl. to
generate the public understanding and support without which, in
the end, they cannot, succeed,
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 ~R~COM:ML.NDATION (19Q)
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Recent trends toward. opening the clelihexati.ons o:E Congress on
major :foreign policy issues should be encoua-aged. Corzzmittee
hearings should routinely be open 1'or television: .l~.t the dis cretion
of t-lie House anti. Senate, under their respective rules, consider--
anon should also be given to xnaJ.cing 1'loo:r debates on major foreign
polic}T issues available to pub7.ic and cvxrz~lzercia.l television on a
case--by~case basis.
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 Approved For Release 2006/09107 :CIA-RDP80B01495R000900070010-8
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~2ernarbcs: Response fox T_~C:C sit;nat~.ir. c:? t~,~:tacl~.rr~t.e*~:t
out recoinrrien.d~.tia.r~s to apralopri~~te I7a.xc:c~:r:,r-a.i;es
ar~.d o##ices #or cornmet~E. ~-~
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