DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION INDEX

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP74B00415R000600120013-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 28
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 11, 2006
• Sequence Number: 13
• Content Type: REPORT

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DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION
INDEX
1. Senate Foreign Relations Committee Explanation
2. Senator Church's Explanation upon introduction of underlying bill
3. Section 205:
A. As reported in S. 3526
B. Principal Amendment - Baker amendment #1201 to strike
Section 205
C. Fallback Amendments
(1) For Agency Only
(2) For Agency and USIA
4. Suggested Floor Statement
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Made up for Braswell 25 May - but not
used
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Excerpt from Senate Foreign Relations Committee Rpt. 92-754
85
should obtain a court order restraining. the proposed showing of
"Czechoslovakia 1008." The principal legal tests controlling the
mice of injunctive relief are likelihood of success on the merits of the
case, and a showing of irreparable, injury. For the reasons stated, we
are convinced that we would not succeed on the. merits in this instance.
Moreove.r, under he circumstances, a single showing of this film in one
. area of the country could not, as we see it, be deemed irreparable in-
- jury. In addition, although the situations arc different in some
spects, many of the considerations .which led the ASupreme Court to
deny the Government's request to prevent publication of the Pentagon
Papers are present hero. See New York limes V. United States, 403
U.S. 713 (1971).
It is true that existing law is somewhat. unclear as to the standards
governing domestic availability and distribution of USIA materials.
...In our judgment, generally speaking, current USIA practices in this
respect; are reasonable accommodations of complex and sometimes
possibly. conflicting directives, from the Congress deriving from the
. 1948 statute; the 1965 statute, and other expressions of Congressional
intent. However, it may be appropriate for USIA to reexamine its
current practice of depositing selected films with the National Audio-
visual Center without additional restrictions on domestic distribution.
Sincerely,
ilicnsan G. KLEINDIENST, ,
Acting Attorney.Genersd.
This ruling is in the view of a. committee a distortion of the legis-
lative intent concerning the domestic distribution of USIA materials'.
Authority for the public showing of the USIA film concerning the
. late President Kennedy required a special act of Congress. And in
..-- order to placate the genuine concerns expressed at the time that the
showing ofthis film would pave the way .for the wholesale distribu-
tion of USIA. materials and progandizing the American public, Con-
. , gress stated the following in that act
"It is further the sense of Congress that the expression of
- Congressional intent embodied 'in this joint resolution is to
;.be limited solely to the film referred to herein and that noth-
ing contained in this joint resolution should be construed to.
establish a precedent for makino- other materials prepared by
the -United States InfOrmation'"Agency available for general
distribution in the United States."
It is difficult to understand how Congress could have stated its in-
tentions More clearly. And -yet, in view of the Acting Attorney's re-
cent ruling, there is an obvious need for a specific prohibition against
the domestic dissemination of any US f A materials.
This provision is a blanket prohibition barring public distribution
of any and all materials produced by the United States Information
Agency. In the future. special situations can be handled on a case-by=
case authorization basis, as was the case withthe Kennedy film.
r.
Sec. 205?Restrictions on preparation and dissemination of informa-
?
h.
On. .
' . This .amendment to time Information and Educational Exchange Act .
.of 1048 prohibits any,Grovernment agency from, preparing or dissemi-
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86
? ??? noting information of any kind on behalf of a foreign government.
In addition, it prohibits any Government agency from distributing
? abroad unattributed materials which it has prepared or assisted in pre-
? paring, whether such assistance was financial, technical or otherwise.
The amendment defines the term "dissemination of information" to
include "publication, broadcasting and ? telecasting of information.?'
In recent. years the Connnittee was warned of U.S. Government
agencies:
-:---preparing informational materials which have been attrib-
. uted to foreign governments, such as in the case of Vietnam
and Laos;
. ?funding by the Government of Radio Free Europe and
? Radio Liberty with no attribution to the -U.S. Government ;
?distributing general propaganda materials without attri-
bution to the Government, as?in the case of the comic book,
. "El Desengafio," dealing with urban terrorism, and distrib-
uted throughout Latin Xinerica ; and
?preparing for and attributing informational materials to
private U.S. companies overseas, such as in the case of an
investment brochure -recently prepared for and attributed -
? to Texaco-Gulf in Ecuador.
These practices are deceptive and serve to undermine the basic tenets
of the Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948?an Act
whose fundamental purpose was and still ought to be to inform the
- people of other countries about the United States.
The example? of unattributed material prepared by this or that
: Federal agency, of covert, funding of radio broadcasts to Eastern
.. Europe and the Soviet Union, of propaganda prepared by a Govern-
ment agency and then attributed to a foreign government?all of this
indicates how far we have strayed from the basic purposes and goals
set forth in the 1948 Information Act.
The amendment serves to get our overseas information program
back on the right track. It prevents these questionable practices from
continuing and developing further. It gets us out of the propaganda
business on behalf of other governments and requires that any in-
. formation materials disseminated abroad by the U.S. Government be.
? attributed to it.
TITLE III?ARMS CONTROL AND DISARAIA RENT AGENCY ( ACDA )
. See. 301. Authorization of appropriations
Sec. 301 authorizes the appropriations of $31,995,000 for the ACDA
This amount is composed of $22,000,000 for the regular functions
? of the ACDA for the fiscal years 1973 and 1974, and $9.955,000 for
fiscal year 1973 for seismic research only. Of the $92,000,000. the
ACDA proposes to request appropriations for $10,560,000 for fiscal
year 1973 and. $11,440,000 for fiscal -year 1974.
The twelve-year history of appropriations and obligations,broken
down by program operations and. external research and fieltesting-,
- is as follows: - ? ..? ? ? ?
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March 29, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE S 3975'
The propos d( legislation would per- First, there is thd pro lem of a "back-
?
tion in a war which has for years now
mit the court d make discretionary al- up" for a magistrate who ,is ill, or tern- eroded the moral sensibilities of our
lowances not to; exceed $150 for a re- porarily away from his station on busi- Nation.
ceiver and $250' for a trustee in those ness or vacation. Some courts have re- Our Vietnam policymakers under both
cases where the, distribution is too small quested authority to appoint a second Presidents Johnson and Nixon have as-
to provide an adequate basis for corn- part-time magistrate at some locations sured the American people that all we
puting a reasonable allowance for the at a nominal salary ,to arraign defend- seek for South Vietnam is the right of
necessary services rendered ants and set bail in ;the absence of the "self-determination." But is "self-deter-
Under this proposed legislation, the regular magistrate?a 'function which a mination" really possible as long as the
maximum allowances which are at pres- full-time referee in I bankruptcy might United States spends millions of dollars
ent permitted for* trustee will be appli- well perform. Second, certain language in promoting the interests of the govern-
cable to receivers. This will represent an in the Magistrates Act and in the Bank- ment in power in Vietnam, doing every-
increase in the percentage rates for re- ruptcy Act seems teprohibit a court from thing possible to convince the Vietnamese
ceivers and also have the effect of in- combining a position of part-time ref- people that the Thieu government is
creasing, for receivers, the range of the eree in bankruptcy with a position of their friend and protector? When the
application of the' higher rates to the part-time magistrate, in order that it Vietcong and North Vietnamese view
medium and larger' dishibutions may have one full-time officer rather the magnitude of the U.S. propaganda
The maximum allowances for trustees than two part-time officers. It is the view and aid effort in Vietnam, there is little
have been increased, with this proposal, of the Judicial Conference of the United wonder that they are skeptical about
by increasing the range in which the States and its Committees on Bank- repeated promises of free elections. I
rates for a trustee are applicable ruptcy Administration and the Imple- think my colleagues are generally aware
The proposed increase in the custodial mentation of the Federal Magistrates of the importance of the mass media in
rate would make it 'unnecessary for the Act that it would be in the interest of election campaigns. Does anyone believe
referee to enlarge the duties of the re- good judicial administration to permit that opposition candidates, assuming
ceiver in order to fairly compensate him full-time referees in bankruptcy to per- that genuine opposition candidates are
for ,his services form magistrate dutie4 and to authorize allowed, will be given equal time and
The proposed increases would apply a full-time combinati jsition of ref- treatment on Vietnamese radio and
only in bankruptcy cases initiated subse- eree in bankruptcy. television or in the other U.S.-financed
quent to the enactment of the proposed information programs, when the basic
legislation I By Mr. CHURCH: I purpose of all these programs has been
The above bill was approved by the S.17. A bill to amend the U.S. In- to win the Vietnamese people over to the
Judicial Conference of the United States for-in-Won and Educational Exchange Thieu government's side.
at its October 1970 session Act of 1948 to impose restrictions on in- It is all very well to call for free and
formation activities outside the United' open elections; it is an appealing slogan.
By Mr. BURDICK: States of Government agencies. Re- But when it comes to specifics as to who
S. 1396. A bill to amend section 35 of ferred to the Committee on Foreign Re- controls the campaign machinery, the
the Bankruptcy Act (11 U.S.C. 63) and lations. mass media, and the election process,
sections 631 and 634 of title 28, United PROHIBITING THE UNITED STATES mom ENGAG- "free and open" is likely to look very
States Code, to permit full-time referees ING IN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES FOR FOREIGN much like "government controlled." Lack
in bankruptcy to perform the duties of GOVERNMENTS of credibility as to U.S. intentions has
a U.S. magistrate. Referred to the Com- Mr. CHURCH, Mr. President, last year always been a major problem in com-
mittee on the JudicUtry. the Committee on Foreign Relations held municating with the other side. The con-
Mr. BURDICK, Mr, President, I intro- a series of hearings on the operation of trast between what is said by our Gov-
duce for appropriate reference, S. 1396, U.S. advisory and assistance programs .ernment concerning free elections and
to amend the 13ankruptcy Act to permit in Vietnam. The hearings revealed a what we, in fact, do in promoting the in-
fulltime referees in bankruptcy to per- great deal concerning the nature and ex- terests of President Thieu demonstrates
form the duties of a U.S. Tagistrate. tent of our involvement in the internal that the problem is far from being re.
The Federal Magistrates Act, approved affairs of that country. Today, I wish to solved. The United States should make it
October 17, 1968, 82 Stat. 1107, provides discuss briefly one of the most indidious clear to all concerned that it will take
that with the approval of the Judicial of those programs and to introduce legis- a strictly neutral position in the coming
Conference of the United States "a part- lation to correct the underlying policy, election in Vietnam. To do so it must
time referee in bankruptcy?may be ap- I refer to the propaganda services Which gear its activities to aiding the people,
pointed to serve as a part-time magis- our Government renders on behalf of not the government. One of the most
trate," and authorizes the Conference to Vietnam. obvious ways to demonstrate neutrality
"fix the aggregate amount of compensa- Traditionally, American citizens have is to cease assisting the Thieu govern-
tion to be received for performing the viewed with great suspicion anything ment on propaganda programs.
duties of part-time magistrate and part- that suggests the creation of an official Mr. President, since I was first elected
time referee in bankruptcy" 28 U.S.C. Government information agency. And to the Senate, I have told the people of
634. The act, however, does not authorize rightfully so. They realize that Govern- Idaho that I would not support legisla-
a full-time referee in bankruptcy to per- ment information programs cannot be tion which would authorize the Federal
form the duties of a part-time U.S. mag- diVorced from political propaganda de- Treasury to pay the campaign expenses of
istrate. In addition, section 35 of the signed to serve partisan or personal pur- nationally elected officials. I do not feel
Bankruptcy Act, pertaining to qualffica- poses. Germany's? experience under that the taxpayers of this Nation should
tions for referees in bankruptcy, provides Goebbels lingers in the American mein- support my campaigns or the campaigns
In part that an individual shall not be , ory. . of others for public office. I feel even more
eligible for appointment as a referee Yet in Vietnam the U.S. Information strongly that our Nation's taxpayers
unless he is "not holding any office of Agency, which was created to promote should not provide support to foreign
profit or emolument tinder the laws of better understanding of our country political leaders in their attempts to gain
the United States or of any State or sub- abroad, is now engaged in a massive favor with their own people.
division thereof other than conciliation campaign, using every tool of the com- I ask unanimous consent to have
commissioner or special master under munication arts, to sell the Thieu Gov- printed in the RECORD following my re-
this title." Exceptions to this provision ernment to the people of Vietnam. marks the transcript of the Foreign Rela-
are made only in the case of a part-time Through television and radio, and news- tions Committee hearing of March 19,
referee in bankruptcy. papers, magazines, and leaflets by the 1970, concerning USIA operations in
In the design and organization of the tens of millions, the USIA is teamed Vietnam. Nowhere in that act is there
new system of 11,5, magistrates two dif- up with military psychological warfare authority, direct or indirect, for any gov-
ficulties have arisen which would be specialists to inflict on the people of ernment agency to engage in a propa-
ameliorated in part if a f - ji'
in bankruptcy were *ut ?t5nrerpfraftalni Ai;
,.., to -
ciaMovrirotp - . , . : -, ovi)oritgemlinnd7nstaanndd-
i 0. A , r`i-ki.
form the duties of ' U.S. magistrate, own country. It is the ultimate corrup- the people it governs. The simple fact is
t
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S 3976 CONGRESSIONAL R:EC
that the U.S. Information Agency has
assumed authority not conferred on it
by the Congress.
I am introducing today a bill that will
correct some of the abuses revealed in
the hearing last year. The bill contains ,
two simple provisions:
First. It prohibits the U.S. Informa-
tion Agency, or any other U.S. agency,
from assisting in the preparation or dis-
semination of information for a foreign
government; and ,
Second. It requires that the USIA
Imprint, or the imprint of the appropri-
ate agency, appear on any publication
prepared for distribution abroad. The
testimony last year revealed that the
USIA has published a number of prop-
aganda booklets in English concerning
Vietnam?but without any mark as to
? their origin.
? The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. At-
LEN). Without objection, it is so ordered.
? (See exhibit 1.)
Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, the
Smith-Mundt Act, the basic statutory
authority for operation of the Govern-
? ment's overeas information programs,
states that the objectives of the act are
"to enable the Government of the United
States to promote a better understanding
of the United States in other countries,
and to increase mutual understanding
between the people of the United States
and the people of other countries."
Mr. President, it is a sign of the times
that the hearing which revealed the ex-
tent of U.S.I.A.'s selling efforts in behalf
? of the Thieu government failed to bring
any appreciable public reaction. Appar-
ently, the war has so numbed the Amer-
ican conscience that it is incapable of
being shocked further over anything in-
volving Vietnam. One of the most tragic
aspects of the war is that we seem to have
lost our capacity for indignation and out-
rage over our continued involvement in
a lame-duck war which has never in-
volved our vital interests. The use of our
taxpayers' millions to package and sell
? the Thieu government, like a bar of soap,
to its own People, is the ultimate hypoc-
risy. It should be stopped.
EXHIBIT 1
yIETNANL: POLICY AND PROSPECTS, 1970?TJ.S.
ASSISTANCE ON INFORMATION MATTERS AND
U.S. PSYCHOLOGICAL OR PROPAGANDA OPERA.
TIONS, THURSDAY, MARCH 19, 1970
? The CHAIRMAN. The next witness Is Mr.
Edward J. Nickel.
Swearing in of witnesses
Mr. Nickel, in keeping with the procedure
follov;ed in the previons hearings involving
personnel brought back from Vietnam, in
order that I show no partiality in this mat-
ter, I will ask you and your associates who
may be oalled upon to testify to be sworn
at this point. Would you please stand and ?
raise your right hand..
Do you solemnly swear that the testimony
which you are about to give will be, to the
best of your knowledge, the truth, the whole
truth, and nothing but the truth, so help
you God?
Mr. NICKEL. I do.
Mr. Osaorusz. I do.
? Mr. HAYS. I do.
? TESTIMONY OF EDWARD J. NICKEL, DIRECTOR,
JOINT U.S. PUBLIC AFFAIRS OFFICE, SAIGON,
AND OTIS E. HAYS, OFFICE OF USIA ASSISTANT
DIRECTOR FOR EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC
Mr. NICKEL, Mr. Chairman, I would like
first to described briefly the office in Saigon
which I head, It is called the Joint U.S, Pub-
lic Affairs Office or JUSPAO. This Office,
Which was established in 1965, includes
American military and civilian personnel and
its functions are: ,
To provide policy gnidance for all U.S.
psychological operations in Vietnam.
To provide media materials in support of
U.S. policy in Vietnam to the U.S. Informa-
tion Agency for use in third countries.
To perfom the normal USIS cultural and
information mission.
To provide assistance to the Government
of the Republic of Vietnam (GVN) to im-
prove its public information programs.
Assistance provided by JUSPAO
I will confine my statement to a descrip-
tion of this last function. JUSPAO's efforts
in this regard can be grouped in four cate-
gories:
First, assistance in the construction and
operation of mass media communication
facilities including the national radio net-
work and the national television network.
Second, assistance in the improvement of
personnel, training, organization, method-
ology, and the equipping of the Ministry of
Information's field organization called the
Vietnamese Information Service (VIS).
Third, assistance in the production of in-
formation materials by the Government's
mass media and by the Vietnamese Informa-
tion Service.
Fourth, assistance through joint planning
and joint production of information mate-
rials by JUSPAO and the Ministry of In-
formation to support the Government's paci-
fication and development programs.
Additionally, Mr. Chairman, JUSPAO indi-
rectly influences the psychological warfare
activities Of the Vietnamese Armed Forces
because we provide policy guidance for pay-
etiological operations to the U.S. Military
Assistance Command (MACV) which assists
the Vietnamese Armed Forces in this field.
These categories of assistance cover a wide
range of cooperative efforts to which the
U.S. Government and the GVN contribute
staff, funds, and equipment. The number of
personnel and the amounts of money con-
tributed by each side have varied frOm year
to year. However, in the last year and a half
we in JUSPAO have begun to establish ter-
minal dates for several assistance operations
and to transfer greater responsibility for
others to the Government of Vietnam. This
process is related to the overall effort to re-
place the U.S. contribution to the war effort
with an increased Vietnamese contribution.
Reduction of JUSPAO contributions
JUSPAO is presently in the process of de-
fining specific reductions in its cbntributions
of personnel, money, and equipment, By
the end of the current fiscal year American
civilian positions will be reduced by 31 (from
132 to 101); American military positions by
11 (from 118 to 107); Vietnamese positions
by 42 (from 885 to 343); third-country na-
tionals by eight (from 12 to 4). As the GVN
absorbs more of our currently joint opera-
tions, more American positions will be elimi-
nated.
Our support in the information field should
be completely terminated by the middle of
1972. Some projects will be completed ear-
lier. For instance, the terminal date for the
television project is June 1971. Radio con-
struction will be completed in the spring of
The CHAIRMAN. You have a prepared state- 1971. However, technical training needed to
ment, I believe, Mr. Nickel? ,? operate the new radio network will require an
W
Mr. NICKEL. I do, u6a . ? -additional year.
The CHAIRMAN.
sir.yazierldoistReleaSta2007/04/0Pg4Orkopyralatimi
, , and more an aa y
visoty fie as our nnancun ?
support and our production of media mate-
rials is reduced. But, in the category of
printed material, the GVN in the near future
'will not be able to take over all of our
present production. We believe this situa-
tion will be partially offset when the radio
and television networks are completed and
when more Vietnamese Information Service
personnel have been trained in face-to-face
communication'techniques. We are planning
now to increase this type of training.
For some time the GVN has lacked trained
and experienced personnel needed to sustain
effective information programs. Our training
programs and support have helped alleviate
this problem to some degree. However, many
of those trained have been drafted for mili-
tary service. Mass communications skills will
continue to be in short supply in South
Vietnam for some time.
1970 pacification and development program
Lately the GVN has manifested an increas-
ing understanding of the importance of de-
veloping better lines of communication with
the people, especially those in rural areas.
The 1970 pacification and development pro-
gram expresses this awareness by making
the goal of establishing an effective informa-
tion system one of its eight national objec-
? tives. The realization of that goal could make
an important contribution to successful com-
munication between the Government and the
governed.
Other objectives of the 1970 plan are de-
signed to encourage increased participation
by citizens in the governmental process and
to encourage local initiative.
Among the substantive programs of the
plan are land reform; elections at the local,
provincial, and national levels; recruitment
of citizens in local militia forces with arms
provided by the Government; and Govern-
ment grants of village self-help funds to be
used for development projects the villagers
themselves desire. A large part of the GVN
information effort in 1970 and U.S. support
for it is being devoted to publicizing these
programs and encouraging the South Viet-
namese citizens to participate in them.
? I would like to describe some of our assist-
ance projects and to indicate our plans for
reducing them as the GVN assumes increas-
ing responsibility for them.
U.S. assistance in radio
Between the years 1952 and 1964, the U.S.
financed the purchase of low- and medium-
power radio transmitters to help the GVN to
set up stations in various parts of the coun-
try or to increase the signal strength of
existing stations. The cost to the United
States of this equipment was about $1.1
? million. Australia contributed a high-powered
station through the Colombo plan.
However, the collection Q.4 stations was
never quite a network and its range was
still inadequate. As the pace of the war
stepped up 5 years ago, the United States
began a project aimed at providing the GVN
with an integrated radio network capable
of reaching 95 percent of Vietnam's popula-
tion, rather than the 65 percent possibly
reachable with varying quality signals and
programing through the then existing group
of stations. Feasibility studies were followed
by preconstruction architectural and engi-
neering studies. These were almost com-
pleted when the 1968 Tet attacks took place.
In those attacks transmitters at Hue and
Ban Me Thuot were badly damaged as were
studios and other installations in Saigon
and Qui Nhon.
As a result of those attacks, the United
? States and GVN decided against construct-
ing a 12-station network in favor of a net-
work of four stations of higher power. This
change was dictated by security and man-
power considerations. It was felt it wouldh
5,110c6. .ov olicaggte a 11 a t v,1.3z et oafnt1h2e,
",
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iti arch 29, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE S 3977
population would be the same in either ported. Ninety percent of the programing is our CORDS psychological operations staff
case?more than 95 percent. locally produced, either live or on film or perform a similar function within the U.S.
That four-station network is now being tape. As with radio, the television medium is province team. The providing of advice and
built and will be complete 1 year from now used extensively to explain GVN programs support to the provincial VIS operation is
at a cost of approximately $6.8 million in to the people. Last September the GVN be- the principal duty of these American .psy-
TJ.S. funds. Technical training for operation gam a weekly program called "The People etiological operations personnel.
and maintenance of the new network will Want to Know," during which officials and Thus, the American structure for informa-
continue for 1 year after construction is corn- other leaders are interviewed by journalists tion operations parallels in broad outline
pleted. in the format of "Meet the Press." that of the GVN, permitting a degree of co-
An additional sum equivalent to about $1 U.S. assistance to Vietnamese Information ordination at all levels.
million in GVN-owned but jointly controlled Service Efforts to Improve Efficiency of VIS
counterpart funds is being used in the proj-
ect. A major part of our assistance is directed The efficiency of the VIS varies from place
The rest of the GVN contribution to this to the operation of the Vietnamese Informa- to place. Where key officials are dedicated and
project is an indirect one, largely in the form tion Service. This is the .field arm of the competent, operations are generally effective.
of its budget for radio operations, includ-
Ministry of Information, with officer staffs And there are a number of these. Where they
jug the salaries of a staff of 464 personnel. In
at corps headquarters cities and in all prov- are not well motivated and energetic, the
1965, that budget was the equivalent of inces arid districts of the country. Starting programs suffer. And there are some of these
about $750,000. This figure has increased this year, the Ministry began an intensive also. In the past year, two new approaches
steadily in the past 5 years. This year the training program for additional personnel at have been undertaken by the Ministry of
budget is the equivalent of about $1.7 mil-
the village and hamlet levels. As these new Information with our cooperation to try to
non.
lower level personnel are trained, they are improve the efficiency of the VIS. These are
We believe the quality of programing has now being placed under the operational can- the planning of a comprehensive series of
improved during that period. More and more trol of the village and hamlet chiefs with training courses for various levels of VIS
the GVN officials concerned with radio have program support coming from district and personnel and the regular holding of joint
become aware of the concept of providing a provincial VIE; offices. meetings of Saigon and field personnel,
service to the people. This has resulted in in-
The job of the VIS is to use a wide range usually on a corps area basis. We belieVe these
creased use of radio brew:leaking to engender
of information and psychological techniques two measures have had and will continue to
participation by the people in Government to. support GVN programs as prescribed in have a good effect on the VIS operation.
programs ranging from land reform and im-
guidances from the Ministry in Saigon. The During the current year, we will use the
proved agriculture to self-defense,
techniques include the publication of dis- equivalent in counterpart funds of about
trict newsletters and province newspapers, $63,000 to support the training program. We
U.S. assistance inlelevision leaflets arid posters; the relaying of news and are also providing the assistance of one
In 1966 the United States agreed to in- commentaries and the playing of prerecorded American adviser to help develop course ma--
stall a four-station television network in ;tapes over loudspeaker systems in village and terials.
Vietnam. The GVN was committed to fur- hamlet centers; the showing of motion pie- JUSPAO's Liaison With Ministry of
nishing land, buildings, staff and an OP- tures; visits to families in villages and ham- Information
erating budget. lets to discuss GVN programs affecting them;
Telecasting initially was for 1 hour night- the distribution of national magazines and JUSPAO's liaison with the Ministry itself
ly to the Saigon area from an airborne trans- other materials received from the Ministry takes many forms. At the top, I meet fre-
mitte Now ground stations in Saigon, Hue and Jr.USPAO; and the sponsoring with other quently with the Minister and his senior staff.
and Can Tho are on the air an average of 4 local officials of campaigns, public meetings, At the planning level, JUSPAO policy officers
hours nightly. Between Saigon and Hue an exhibits and artistic and cultural meet daily with Ministry officials to plan Joint
airborne transmitter provides coverage for presentations, campaigns, instructions, and guidances to
the coastal area. By early 1971, a fourth From fiscal year 1955 through 1967, the media producers and to field personnel. On
ground station?at Qui Nhon?will have re- United States contributed an average of the media production side, our writers and
placed the air operation. $497,000 in dollar funds annually to equip the editors work together in the publication of
The U.S. cost will total about $8,2 million , Ins with audiovisual equipment, the veld-
magazines, pamphlets, posters, loudspeaker
when we phase out of the operation by cies, the office machines, and other materials tapes, and radio programs.
July 1, 1971. GVN counterpart funds amount-necessary to carry out these programs. I have tried, Mr. Chairman, to describe here
In
ing to the equivalent of about $2 million the succeeding 3 years the dollar expenditure the evolution of some of the current major
paid for land and building costs. In addition, for this program has been $187,000 in 1968, programs we are conducting to assist the
the annual operating budget of GNV televi-GVN in the information and psychological
$85,000 in 1969, and $60,000 in the current
sten has risen from the equivalent of about, fields. In the expansion of these programs
year. In the last 2 years we have gradually
$400,000 including salaries of 17 employees intransferred to the GVN full responsibility
-over the years, the American contribution has
1966 to more than double that amount in-for maintenance and replacement costs for been substantial. So has the Vietnamese con-
eluding salaries of 139 employees in the this equipment as well as for the operation tribution. In the past 2 years, a considerable
current year. of repair centers, portion of the load the United States was
The CHAIRMAN. Could I ask for a point of carrying has been shifted to the GVN. We
information? Do the GVN counterpart funds During the same period, an average of the
arise from American imports? equivalent of $200,000 annually was used for plan to continue moving in that direction.
Mr. NICKEL. In the original Instance; yes, the VIS from GVN counterpart funds. We do Thank you, sir; that is the end of my state-
sir. not have adequate figures for the GVN's ment.
The CHAIRMAN. Is there any real distinc- budget for the VIS prior to 1964. However, The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, Mr. Nickel.
tion in their impact upon American costs from that year to the present the budget has How long have you been in charge of this
between GVN counterpart funds and $1 averaged about the equivalent of $6.4 mil-
program, Mr. Nickel?
million? lion annually through 1970. The 1970 budget Mr. NICKEL. Two years, sir.
Mr. NICKEL. The difference, of course, sir, is about the equivalent of $15 million, a sub-
The CHAIRMAN. Do you live in Saigon?
would be that they are not directly appro- stantial increase over previous years. Mr. NICKEL. I do, sir.
priated funds. The CHAIRMAN. What caused that? Magnitude of USIA Effort in South Vietnam
The CHAIRMAN. No; but the total cost Mr. NICKEL.. To a large extent, sir, an in- The CHAIRMAN. I believe you said there
really is American; is it not? It is not GVN. crease in personnel, but there was also a real ? were 132 fkinericane under your immediate
It is American casts expressed In two differ- increase in operations. There was a large direction; in that correct?
ent ways. increase in local personnel with the improve- Mr. NICKEL. We are reducing this year, sir,
Mr. NICKEL. It would be derived from the ment of hamlet and village information pro-
grams. by 31 positions from 132 American positions
commercial import program. to 101 American positions.
The CHAIRMAN. OK. U.S. Contact With VIS
Mr. NICKEL. A rigorous program of train- Contact with the VIS is maintained both The CHAIRMAN. Is that in the office in
Saigon or how extensive isthis?
lug in the difficult TV skills is being carried in the field and in Saigon. In the capital it
out under contract by the National Broad- is the function of several elements of JUS-
Mr. NICKEL. Those are civilian USIA officers,
casting Co., International. Most of the train- PAO. In the field it is carried out by 81 some serving in Saigon and some in the Pro-
lug is on vite in Vietnam. However, six en- American civilian and military advisers lo- ? vinces. I should add that we also have Ameri-
gineers who will constitute the GVN super- cated in 34 of the 44 Provinces. These ad-
can military personnel serving with JUSPAO,
visor engineering staff are being trained in visers are detailed to the U.S. Military As- sir.
the RCA Institute in New York. sistance Command CORDS program and are The CHAIRMAN. You mentioned that in the
We estimate there are now 300,000 TV re- under the operational control of the Prov- Provinces you have military advisers who are
ccivers in Vietnam, with a viewing audience ince senior advisers at the Province level Americans. Is that right?
of about 2 million. Many sets are outside the and the U.S. Command elements at the van- Mr. NreHer.,. We have some civilian advisers
cities in the heavily populated fiat delta ons corps headquarters. Just as the VIE; in the provinces but the bulk of them are
region where the signal is pari
Of the programs presentetk ETV N ,
yfismotmogipttgoltrimaticiPmcgrein4atimi3r0026. 1 011 get someof the
DV
s p
TV network, less than 10 percent are ina- planning -and operating GVN programs, so magnitude of the effort, take the present
Approved For Release 2007/01/31 : CIA-RDP74600415R000600120013-5
S 3978 , CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ?SENATE March 29, 1971'
fiscal year of 1970. Is it correct to say that the The CHAIRMAN. What leads you to believe ministry of information. I would also sug-
,, civilian positions are 132 or 101? ? that the purpose of our Government in es- gest that in Vietnam, as in many other de-
Mr. NICKEL. 101 civilian positions, sir. tablishing the USIA was to create an agency veloping societies, there do not exist any
The CHAIRMAN. That is in the current year. to create a- means of communication for a strong commercial, or nongovernmental
Mr. NICKEL. Fiscal year 1970. foreign government? media.
The CHAIRMAN. How many of these military Mr. NICKEL. I would answer that Mr. Chair- The CHAIRMAN. Mr. NICKEL, I am quite
advisers are assigned to this work? man, by stating that my operations are re- ' aware that it is not unique. In every dictator-.
Mr. NICKEL. We have 107 military spaces in sponsive to the instructions and directions ship I know of they have a ministry of in- ,
JUSPAO, sir. , I receive from the Director of the U.S. In- formation just like this. But we are told,_
The CHAIRMAN. 208 is the total American formation Agency and from the American on the one hand, that we are seeking -to es-
personnel? Ambassador in Sidgon. tablish the government of self-determination
Mr. NICKEL. 208 is the figure, sir, The CHAIRMAN. Then you would charac- and this leaves the impression we are seeking
The CHAIRMAN. What is the size of the terize your mission to be to carry Out orders, to establish a democratic system there.
budget for the USIA operation in Vietnam? Is that the right way to put it? I quite agree with you that information
Mr. NICKEL, The USIA budget for Vietnam, Mr. NICKEL. In my position; yes, sir. agencies are typical. They were typical of
sir, is $6.4 million. The CHAIRMAN. You have no idea what the Hitler's Germany and typical of nearly every
The CHAIRMAN. Is that for the year of 1970? real mission of this operation is other than dictatorship and authoritarian government I
Mr. NICKEL. For fiscal year 1970; yes, sir, to carry out orders? know of, but I would not have thought we
The-CHAIRMAN. Does that include construe- Mr. NICKEL. I know what my instructions would be a party to helping construct such
ton or is that only support of the personnel? are, a governmental apparatus. .
Mr, NICKEL. That is the USIA component Authorization of Joint U.S. Public Affairs Mr. NICKEL. Are there not also some regimes
of the budget, sir. Construction would be Office Mission Questioned we regard as being democratic that have
funded by an AID component of our budget. The CHAIRMAN. This is a matter, I think, ministries of information?
X will give you these add-ons. We also have of considerable interest. Let me refer to sec- The CHAIRMAN. What, for example, would
$2.4 million funded by AID and $2.1 million tion 2 of the basic legislation creating this be one from your point of view?
,funded by the Department of Defense, to
operation: Mr. NICKEL. If I am not mistaken, is there
make a total budget available to me for "The Congress hereby declares that the oh- not a French Ministry of Information?
,JUSPAO'S operations of $10.9 million. jectives of this Act are to enable the Govern- The CHAIRMAN. I would not know. Is there
The CHAIRMAN. Would that include the pay ment of the United States to promote a one in Sweden, which is a country that I
of the military men to whom you referred? better understanding of the United States think has achieved a high degree of democ-
Mr. NICKEL. It does not include military
in other countries and to increase mutual racy or self-determination if you like, or Eng-
salaries. However, it does include USIA civil-
Ian salaries. . understanding between the people of the land? I do not recall that in England they
United States and the people of other coun- have a minister of information whose job
it is to sell the people of England upon the
The CHAIRMAN. The military salaries would
tries."
be in addition then? Do you think that language authorizes merits and virtues of that Government, I do
Mr. NICKEL. They would be in addition, sir.
USIA to create for another country a sys- not recall ever having heard of it. France has
The CHAIRMAN. Do you have any estimate
of what that would cost? tern of communications for that government recently gone through a rather unusual
and its people? evolutionary period, almost revolutionary.
Mr, NICKEL. I have no estimate, but I could
Mr. NICKEL. My organization, the Joint under. De Gaulle, of course, and France may
furnish it for the record. U.S. Public Affairs Office, Mr. Chairman, was be an example. I would not want to say for
(The information referred to follows i ) established in 1965 by order of the President. sure. I do not know that.
Pay and allowances of military in JUSPAO I would suggest that any justification of the GVN closing of private newspapers
is something that should be addressed to the How many private newspapers have been
suitability of the mission we are performing
(The Military pay and allowances, as re-
ported by the four Military Services whose closed by the Government of Vietnam during
personnel are involved, amount to $1,2 mil- people to whom I report. I would be very the past year?
lion.)" happy I could not give you the num,
happy to address this problem to them. Mr. NIC
The CHAIRMAN. What I am trying to get The CHAIRMAN. I think it would be very ber, Sir,
and what we are interested in is the total interesting if you would. You say it was '
The CHAIRMAN. There have been several.
cost of this overall operation. It is the Usual created by Executive order. It was not created Mr. NICKEL, There have been several cls-
basic material that we would like to have, by statute. There is no statute law authoriz- ings.
Mr. NICKEL. I could furnish the informa, ing you to do whet you are doing; is there? The CHAIRMAN. You say there is not a
tion about military pay, sir. Mr. NICKEL. I said that the U.S. Public heavily developed private sector. It is largely ? ,
Affairs Office was created as a result of Pres!. because that Government is so sensitive to
Military personnel working in propaganda
dental directive.
field i criticism that they close the private news-
The CHAIRMAN. Yes. And in pursuance of papers whenever they criticize the Govern-
The CHAIRMAN. Do these personnel figures that action you have been directed by your ment. Is that not a fact?
Include the personnbl in the military units superiors to do what you are doing. So you Air. NICKEL. There have been some closings;
not associated with USIA who work in the would not wish to undertake to say what this yes, sir.
field of propaganda? ? whole operation is intended to accomplish The CHAIRMAN. Do you ever feel a bit un-
Mr. NICKEL. They do not, sir, for the people of the United States; would comfortable in being alined with a govern-
The CHAIRMAN. Do you knew how many. you? ' ment which is so clearly an authoritarian
people are in that? Mr. NICKEL. I believe I said earlier, sir, that government or do you feel perfectly corn-
Mr. NICKEL. May I furnish that, sir. I'have my mission in Vietnam was in large measure fortable in your relationship with that gov-
it, but I cannot put my hands on lt. to assist the Vietnamese Government in de- ernment?
The CHAIRMAN. Yes; you can-iurnish it. veloping and linproving its means of corn- Mr. NICKEL. I have no problems in perform-
Could you give a rough estimate that you municating with its people. Ing my job.
can correct later? , Establishment of Ministry of Information The CHAIRMAN. You have no problems.
Mr. NICKEL. Sir, I now have the iriforma-
tion. In 1970 there are 761 U.S. military , questioned You feel perfectly at hbme?
psyops flied personnel and 50 serving on staff The CHAIRMAN. It occurs to me that in this Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
or as advisers tO the Vietnamese, for a total country there has always been not only a USIA pay and allowances in South Vietnam
of 811. great reluctance, but aversion, to the crea- The CHAIRMAN. Coming back to a more
The CHAIRMAN. That is very much larger tion Of a ministry of information in our pedestrian subject of the costs, could you
than your own operation; is it not? , Government to inform our own people. Is tell me what is the average pay of the
'
Mr. NICKEL, That is right, sir, that not so? American employees of USIA in Saigon?
Mr. NICKEL;That is correct, Sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Does the law not specifi- Mr. NICKEL. The average pay for a USIA
Mission of Juspao .
The CHAIRMAN. This brings up a further cally forbid the USIA to indoctrinate or employee with JUSPAO, sir, including al-
lowances, minus housing, would be about
question. What do you consider to be the brainwash, or whatever you want to call it,
mission of your operation? What are you try- the American people? Is that not so? $28,900.
Ing to accomplish? ? Mr. NICKEL. Clearly, sir. The CHAIRMAN. What is the total cost to ?
Mr. NICKEL. My principal mission, sir, is to The CHAIRMAN. Are you not creating in the Government of the United States for
assist the Vietnamese Government in devel- Vietnam just such an information agency? those employees, including everything? Do
oping and conducting an effective program of ? The way you describe here what you have they furnish housing?
communications. done and are in the process of doing, it is to Mr. NICKEL. Yes, housing is furnished, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Your mission is to assist create in Vietnam an agency to enable that I am unable to break out that figure for an
the Vietnamese Government to create a sys- ' Government to control its people through individual. Do you want the total cost?
tem of communications? It that it? this device which we ourselves abhor in this The CHAIRMAN. Perhaps if you could tell
Mr. NrcHEL
ernmeot in ?i il s'
f+ -.2019710-imow etA_Ropt748004454R000teptittyripshat is your pay and what
, consistent w th our own views? -s amount to? You are the
. eating with the electorate -and to provide Mr. McKim. I would suggest, Mr. Chairman, Director?
technical and professional advice, - that Vietnam is not unique In possessing a Mr:Nimes. That is right, sir.
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March 29, 1971 ,CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SEN
5R000600120013-5
ATE . )
The CHAIRMAN. What is your total? What The CHAIRMAN. Is that information not
Is the total cost to the Federal Government? available?
Mr. NICKEL. The combination of my salary Mr. OSBORNE. It can be made available.
i and allowances, again making no provision , I do not have it available.
for my housing, is $45,473. The CHAIRMAN. Would you supply it for
The CHAIRMAN. Plus housing? the record?
Mr. NICKEL. Housing? . ? Mr. OSBORNE. Yes, sir..
The CHAIRMAN. Do they furnish you with (The information referred to follows: )
a house? Newspapers suspended by GVN from 1968
Mr. NICKEL, I am furnished with housing, through March 23, 1970
The CHAIRMAN. What would be the rea-
sonable cost of the house that is paid for During 1968 the Government of Viet-Nam
by the Federal Government? indefinitely suspended six newspapers. Six-
Mr. NICKEL. That is right, the house is teen others were temporarily suspended, for
paid for by the Federal Government. an average of 35 days per suspension.
The CHAIRMAN. HOW much is that? You During 1969 through March 23, WO,' the
ought to know that. GVN indefinitely suspended 12 newspapers.
Mr. NICKEL. Let me see if I have that, sir. An additional 14 received temporary suspen-
The CHAIRMAN. You have been there for sions ranging from a few days to almost 11
2 years. You have no idea what that would months, for an average of 46 days per sus-
be? , - pension.
Mr. NICKEL. My house, sir, is a U.S. Gov- The CHAIRMAN. I notice in the paper every
ernment house. now and then there is a notice that X paper
The CHAIRMAN. Is it a good house? has been closed by the government. I simply
Mr. NICKEL. It is comfortable, sir. have not made a counting of it, but I am
, The CHAIRMAN. Was it one that the Gov- ' under the impression there have been sev-
ernment built or is it an old villa? eral.
Mr. NicKEL. It was there. It is a M.S. Gov- Mr. NICKEL. I will supply it, sir.
ernment-owned house. The CHAIRMAN. Of course the government
The CHAIRMAN. How many houses does the controls the supply of newsprint and It is
U.S. Government own in Saigon? Do you no problem for them simply to cut off the
know? newsprint if they wish to close a newspaper.
Mr. NICKEL? I do not know that ansWer, sir. Is that so?
The CHAIRMAN. Is it several? Mr. NICKEL. Yes.
Mr. NICKEL. It is more than several. USIA analysis of South Vietnamese public
The CHAIRMAN. /t is more than several. attitudes
Then I would estimate your total cost ' The CHAIRMAN. Does the USIA, Mr. Nickel,
would be somewhat in the neighborhood of or any other agency attempt to analyze
at least $50,000. Vietnamese public attitudes periodically?
Mr. NICKEL. That would seem right, sir. Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Are you furnished an auto- The CHAIRMAN. Have polls been taken?
mobile? Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir; polls have been taken.
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir. The CHAIRMAN. Howls this done? It is done
The CHAIRMAN. Are USIA officials in Sal- by you directly or by contract?
gon given special pay equivalent to combat Mr. NICKEL. By contract, sir.
pay for military people? The CHAIRMAN. What organization has
Mr. NICKEL. No, sir. We receive a differen- done it?
tial. Mr. NICKEL. May I answer that, Mr. Chair-
The CHAIRMAN. What does it amount to?. man, by saying that I have been informed
Is it 25 percent? ' that you have written the Director of the U.S.
Mr. NICKEL. Twenty-five percent. Information Agency asking for information
, U.S. communications assistance to other about our polling in Vietnam, that this is
countries new under consideration, and that I would
The CHAIRMAN. If our Government decides prefer to have the information come to you
, that it is proper to furnish assistance in the :through that channel.
; building of a propaganda operation for Viet- The CHAIRMAN. I wrote that letter partly
I nam, how does it decide in which country to give you notice that this is a matter in
to do this? Is this the only country in which which we are interested. I hoped that you
we have done this? would be prepared to answer it this morning.
Mr. NICKEL. Specifically have done what, Are you saying that this is a matter that
I Mr. Chairman? affects our security and that you do not
' The CHAIRMAN. Have we created a corn- wish to testify in open session on it? '
: munications system which enables the gov- Mr. NICKEL. I prefer not to go beyond
ernment to, as you say, communicate with stating, sir, that we do engage in polling in
its citizens? Have we done it in Thailand? Vietnam, as in some other countries.
, Are we doing it or have we done it in Thai- Witness' instructions concerning testimony
,
land? Does the USIA have a comparable about polling
operation in Thailand, may be not on as The CHAIRMAN. Have you been instructed
large a scale but a lesser scale? to state to the committee that you will not
Mr. NICKEL. Certainly, as you say, not testify in open session on this matter?
comparable in order of magnitude. ' Mr. NICKEL, I am not able to discuss the
The CHAIRMAN. Do we have a similar op- ' polling in openhearing, sir.
eration? The CHAIRMAN. Have you been instructed
Mr. NICKEL. lam not?I personally am not not to respond to questions about polling?
' aware that? ' Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Are any of your asso- The CHAIRMAN. Who instructed you, sir?
elates? ' Did Mr. Shakespeare tell you not to answer
Mr. NICKEL. 1 am not aware and I do not such questions? If not, who did?
., think my associates are aware that we are Mr. NICKEL. I have been instructed by my
I doing any such thing as building a TV net- principal.
. work or building a radio network. I cannot May I have just one momenk'sir?
, speak more directly to the specific programsf\ The CHAIRMAN. Certainly. You confer with
sir. `. your lawyer if you like.
Newspapers closed by GVN Mr. NICKEL. In answer to your question, sir,
1 The CHAIRMAN. Before I leave that, you I have been instructed by the director of my
: said you did not know how many news-. agency.
' papers. Do either of your associates know _ The CHAIRMAN. Mr. Shakespeare has in- ,
. how many newspaperw gragoeg okleieuelpfs
. Saigon has clodse in tlft ppm : CIA-RDP746004
. e , . ?
' Mr. HATS. No, sir, ' The CHAIRMAN'. What grounds (lid he give .
S 3979
you for instructing you not to reply to this
question?
Mr. NICKEL. This question is under con-
sideration as to the possible security ele-
ments involved.
The CHAIRMAN. Possible security involved.
You heard the previous witness, Congress-
man McCloskey; did you not?
Mr. NICKEL. I did, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. You realize that this com-
mittee has some authority in the authoriza-
tion of the funds for your agency; do you not?
Mr. NICKEL. I am very well aware .of that.
The CHAIRMAN. We normally expect people
in USIA to respond to questions about their
operations if they expect this committee to
authorize any funds for the agency. You real-
ize that; do you not?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN, Does Mr. Shakespeare real-
ize that?
Mr, NICKEL. I cannot speak for Mr. Shake-
speare, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. I want to make it clear that
I do not accept your reason for refusing to
answer. It is a perfectly legitimate question.
You are engaged in an activity which is very
dubious in its authority under an executive
order, in any case, and I think that you
should be very careful in refusing to answer
questions about these operations.
I would like to know how much you paid.
for example, for a contract to take a poll in
Vietnam and see how it compares to polls in
this country, Would you be willing to say
how much you paid for the poll?
Mr. NICKEL. I do not believe I am able to,
sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Who was the gentleman
who advised you not to answer? Was he sworn
also?
-- Mr. NICKEL. The gentleman with whOm I
just talked did not advise me not to answer,
The CHAIRMAN. He did not?
Mr. NICKEL. I wanted to check something
. with him. Be is the General Counsel of the
U.S. Information Agency.
The CHAIRMAN, He did not advise you as
to your instructions.
It is very unusual. I did not expect you to
refuse to answer these questions. One reason
why I sent the, letter inquiring about these
matters was, as I say, to alert the Agency that
we are interested in the poll. ,
When was the latest poll taken? Will you
refuse to answer that?
Mr. NICKEL. I find myself unable to answer
it, Mr. Chairman.
The CHAIRMAN. You mean by saying "un-
able" that you do not know?
Mr. NICKEL, No, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Do either of your associ-
ates know when the latest poll was taken?
Mr. NICKEL. I believe, sir, that they are
bound by the same instructions,
Witness' instructions concerninging subject of
p
The CHAIRMAN. I asked you if you were in-
structed to tell it. There is a difference be-
tween your answer if you know, and are
instructed not to tell and if you do not
know. I want to make the answer cleat': On
what grounds are you refusing to say when
the latest poll was taken?
Mr. NICKEL. I am under instructions, sir,
not to discuss this subject.
The CHAIRMAN. Then you do know when it
was, but you are under instructions not to
discuss the subject. You are in effect tak-
ing the equivalent of the Fifth Amendment;
is that correct?
Mr. NICKEL. No.
The CHAIRMAN. Why is that not correct?
You do not consider that the USIA is a sensi-
tive undertaking similar to the CIA; do you?
Mr. NICKEL. No, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Usually your activities are
egteiatioUove board; are_they not?
eare operations;e you?
ngagecinAnt2rrNt. tl n
The H Y are not authorized to
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S 3980 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE March 29, 19'11
Mr. NICKEL, No, Sir,
The CHAIRMAN. Would you be willing to
answer this kind of question? What was the
poll about? Did it ask about the attitude of
the local citizens toward Americans?
Mr. NICKEL. I find, sir, in line with my in-
structions, that I am unable to discuss the
subject of polling.
The CHAIRMAN. You would not discuss as
to whether or not the poll involved the ques-
tion of the extent Of the support of the
Vietnamese people for the Thieu govern-
ment?
Mr. NICKEL. I do not believe, sir, in line
with my instructions, that I am' able to
respond.
The CHAIRMAN. I may say before I leave
this subject, this is very unsatisfactory. I
regret very much, and I hope you will tell
your superior, Mr. Shakespeare, that, speak-
ing for myself, I very much regret this atti-
tude. This committee is entitled to know
what the poll cost, what it asked, and what
the results were.
This is not a document, it seems to me,
that comes under executive privilege. It has
nothing whatever to do with the President
directly. I mean it is not a confidential doou.
ment. It is a matter that is paid ,for by the
public funds of the Government, and the
committee is entitled to actually have the
poll, in my opinion, and we shall ask for it.
X regret he gave you such instructions.
U.S. ADVISORY WORK IN TV, RADIO, AND PRINTED
MATERIALS
Do the U.S. advisers work with the Viet-
namese on matters involving TV and radio
program content and makeup?
Mr. NICKEL. Our advisers work with both
radio and TV. They occassionally are in-
vowed in the format of a program.
The CHAIRMAN. Do they work with them
in the preparation of printed information
materials?
Mr. NICKEL, Yes, sir.
Gun media's treatment of Tran Ngoo Malt
case
The CHAIRMAN, Was the Me of Trail Ngoo
Chau reported over the Vietnamese radio and
television stations?
Mr. NICKEL. I can only assume it was I
would have to retire to an assumption be-
cause I was not in Saigon at that particular
time, Mr. Chairman.
The CHAIRMAN. Are you familiar with the
Chau case?
Mr. RicrtEL. I have read about it; yes, sir:
The CHAIRMAN. Do you know Mr. Chau?
Mr. NICKEL. I do not, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Do either of your asso-
ciates know whether or not the radio and
television stations of Vietnam carried any
news about Mr. Chau?
MT. HAYS. No, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. You do not know?
Mr. HAYS. NO, Sir.
The CHAIRMAN. You do not know?
Mr. OSBORNE. No, sir; I do not.
The CHAIRMAN. Were any printed materials
put out by the South Vietnamese Govern-
ment on this case?
Mr. NICKEL. I do not know, sir. I can find
out.
The CHAIRMAN. In your statement you say
"JUSPAO's liaison with the ministry itself
takes many forms." That is the Ministry of
Information.
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. YOU say:
"At the top, I meet frequently with the
Minister and his senior staff. At the plan-
ning leved, JUSPAO policy officers meet daily
with Ministry offiicals to plan joint cam-
paigns, instructions and guidances to media
producers and to field personnel. On the
media production side, our writers and edi-
In doing all of that, do you still say you do Mr. NICKEL. I presume this is discussed, but
not know whether anything was put out on not by me, sir.
the Chau case? The CHAIRMAN. You do not know of it. You
Mr. NICKEL. If I may offer a brief explana- are not aware of any such advice?
tion, sir, our relationship with the Ministry Mr. NICKEL. Not specifically; no, sir.
would deal with things like support of the The CHAIRMAN. You are not aware of any
pacification program, but would not consist advice that was given to Mr. Thieu or any-
of liaison in terms of tactical matters. We? one else in the higher echelons of the Gov-
have never had occasion to discuss the Chau ernment as to the possible reaction in this
case with anyone in the Ministry, country of the imprisonment of Mr. Chau?
The CHAIRMAN. Did our advisers or did you Mr. NICKEL. As I said earlier, I was not in-
advise against the public attacks on Chau by volved in the Chau case. I do not know.
the Government media? The CHAIRMAN. It would not be a deep
Mr. NICKEL. I have never personally been involvement.
involved in the Chau case in any way, sir. Has there ever been any discussion with
The CHAIRMAN. Did any of your employees them about the impact in this country of
under your direction give any advice what- his imprisonment of Mr. Dzu? Do you know
ever about the Chau case? about Mr. Dzu? -
Mr. NICKEL, I do not believe so, sir. Again, Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
I wish to state that I myself was absent from The CHAIRMAN. You are aware of who he
Saigon during most of this period, but I be- is?
lieve that they did not. Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
Kinds of advice given to GVN by JUSPAO The CHAIRMAN. Do you know what hap-
The CHAIRMAN. Does the Minister of In- pened to him?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
formation in Saigon ever ask your advice The CHAIRMAN. Did you ever advise them
about the formulation of his Government's as to what the reaction in this country is
public position on major issues? to his imprisonment?
Mr, NICKEL. My discussions with the Minis- Mr. NICKEL. X have never advised the Min-
ter in line with my, own responsibilities, sir, later of Information about impact on U.S.
are concerned more with the operations of
the Vietnamese Information Service program
than with substance.
The CHAIRMAN. Then are you saying you do
not give him advice about substantive meas-
ures; is that right?
Mr. NICKEL. My advice is primarily opera-
tional.
The CHAIRMAN. IS it exclusively?
Mr. NICKEL. No. We might, for example, Mr. NICKEL. I presume so, sir, but not
Mr. Chairman, discuss how best to promote 'within my cognizance so far as my orga-
or to conduct information campaigns in sup- nization is concerned,
port of the People's Self-Defense Force, and The CHAIRMAN. You do not know anything
matters like that which fall within the peel- about it anyway?
fication and development program. Mr. NICKEL. No, sir.
I think I should point out that I am not
responsible, Mr. Chairman, for our press
operation in Vietnam, That responsibility
falls to a colleague of mine whb is the special
assistant for press affairs to the Ambassador.
As the director of JUSPAO I do not speak
for the Embassy on press affairs.
The CHAIRMAN. What Is his name?
Mr. NICKEL. Mr. Newman.
The CHAIRMAN. Is he in Saigon now?
Mr. NICKEL. He is in Saigon, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Have you discussed with
the Information Minister the South Vietnam-
ese refusal to attend the opening of the ex-
panded Paris talks?
Mr. NICKEL. I did not, Sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Did you discuss with him
what the official reaction to the death of
Ho Chi Minh would be?
Mr. NICKEL. We had some discussion with
the Ministry of Information about this mat-
ter; yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. What was your advice to
them with regard to how to treat the death 11.5. advisers to elements of ministry of
of Ho Chi Minh? information
, Mr. NICKEL. We agreed, sir, that a maxi- The CHAIRMAN. I do not know enough)
intim effort should be made to inform the about it to make a distinction. Could you
enemy forces in Vietnam of Ho's death. We tell us the distinction? I mean advisers to an
also agreed that our treatment should be element, What is an element? It is a per.;
straight information, and that there should son; it is not? You advise people; do you
not be any exultation in our output to the not?
enemy forces. Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
Advice concerning impact of GNV policy The CHAIRMAN. What do you mean by
on United States that?
Mr. NICKEL. We have advisers who work
with the radio network. We have advisers
who work with the TV network,
The CHAIRMAN. What do they do?
Mr. NICKEL. We have advisers who work
with the Vietnamese Information Service.
The CHAIRMAN. About what do they advise
them? Do they, not advise them about U.S.
tors workaggignanpublialgoin of mr2 Volta/ te Avoi,on ABioriciin it policy?
public opinion,
. The CHAIRMAN. Do any U.S. personnel ever
assist Vietnamese officials in the writing of
speeches?
Mr. NICKEL. Certainly no one in my orga-
nization, to the best of my knowledge.
The CHAIRMAN, Are U.S. officials consulted
by Vietnamese officials in the handling of
statements that relate to U.S. policy?
U.S. personnel located at Ministry of
Information
The CHAIRMAN. Are any Americans at-
tached directly to the Minister of Informa-
tion's office?
Mr. NICKEL. We have one or two Americans,
Mr. Chairman, who are physically located
in the Ministry of Information headquarters
building for liaison purposes, They are not
attached directly to the office of the Minister.
The CHAIRMAN. What is their function?
Mr. NICKEL. They perform liaison in terms
of our overall advisory efforts. I believe the
thrust of your question was whether any
of my officers are attached directly to the
office of the Minister. No one serves directly
on the Minister's staff, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. There is no such thing as
an adviser to the Minister of Information?
Mr. NICKEL. We have advisers to various
elements of the Ministry; There is no adviser
to the Minister, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Do you Or any of your of-
ficials ever advise President Thieu or other
GVN officials on the potential impact in other
countries of policy matters, particularly
about the potential impact in the United
States of GVN policies?
Mr. NICKEL. I do not advise Vietnamese
officials about the impact on the United
azines, p Arru 6161Set 0 , - 4B 4 5 000600*20948r.5 Most of their advice, sir, IS
and radio programa." The CHAIRMAN. Does anyone? concerned with improving operational al-
Approved For Release 2007/01/31 ? CIA-RDP74500415R000600120013-5
ticit 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ?SENATE S 3981
ciency of the various elements of the Infer- The CHAIRMAN. There are no aerial drops Mr. NICKEL. I did not say. Some of it is.
natation Ministry, being made of printed material? sir.
The CHAIRMAN. How do you improve the Mr. NICKEL. That is correct, sir. The CHAIRMAN. Some of it is, presently.
efliciency without any attention to the sub- The CHAIRMAN. Have there ever been any Mr. Nicatura Yes.
stance which they are using? Do you mean made in the past? Radio Free Asia
to say they are concerned only with the tech- Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. DO you have anything
nical operation of the broadcast system? The CHAIRMAN. Could you give a brief de- whatever to do with Radio Free Asia?
Mr. NICKEL. No, sir. With respect to the scription of their magnitude and purpose? Mr. NICKEL. No, sir.
Vietnamese Information Service, for example, Mr. NICKEL. I could supply that for the The CHAIRMAN. Did you ever hear of it?
our advisers would be concerned with dis- record, sir. I cannot describe the magnitude Mr. NICKEL. I think I have. I am not sure of
cussing with their Ministry counterparts how of them since they were discontinued some the title.
best, for example, to support and promote time ago. The CHAIRMAN. Do you know what It is?
the various objectives of the pacification and The CHAIRMAN. When were these air drops Do you know where the broadcasts come
development program. terminated? from?
Handling of Mylai massacre Mr. NICKEL. At the time of the bombing Mr. NICKEL. No, I do not.
halt, sir. ? The CHAIRMAN. Do they not come from
The CHARMAN. How has your Agency han-
The CHAIRMAN. They ran coincidentally laorea?
died the Mylai massacre theme during the
_ with the bombing in the north; that right? Mr. NICKEL. I personally am not familiar
past several months?
Mr. NICKEL. They took place at the same
Mr. NICKEL. JUSPAO, sir, has handled the with that.
time. They were not operationally? Mr. CHAIRMAN. To your knowledge, can you
Mylai incident by taking the position that a
The CHAIRMAN. No, I mean they went on
serious investigation is underway by the U.S. hear them in Vietnam?
at the same time. Mr. NICKEL. I am not aware of that.
Government and that if a crime has been Mr. NICKEL. And they were discontinued at The CHAIRMAN. If you can, you do not
committed, the U.S. Government will try the the same time, know it.
personnel concerned. In other words, we have (The information referred to follows : ) Mr. NICKEL. I do not.
not in any way attempted to be evasive. We Beginning in 1965, propaganda leaflets were The CHAIRMAN. I do not either, but we have
take the position it is under investigation released from aircraft operating over North seen these letters soliciting donations to
and we have to wait and see what the in- Viet-Nam, or were dropped over waters out- Radio Free Asia. They state that they beam
vestigation reveals, side the boundaries of North Viet-Nam and radio programs all over Asia. / do not know
The CHAIRMAN. What has been the posi- wind-drifted into the country. Until March that they say specifically Vietnam. I do not
tion of the Vietnamese information Service 31, 1968, this program was designed generally know whether they do either. It came to my
regarding these incidents?
. to convince North Viet-Nam?both people
Mr. NICKEL. I think the Vietnamese Infer- and regime?the North Vietnamese aggres- attention a few weeks ago. You do not know
mation Service position has been very simi- sion in South Viet-Nam would fail, to mo- whether you make any contribution to that .
lar to ours, sir. operation or not.
tivate North Viet-Nam to seek peaceful set- Mr. Maim., We make no contribution, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Did the USIA or other tlement of the conflict, and to warn the peo-
American advisers offer advice to the Gov- ple to stay away from military targets be- GVN spending on psychological warfare
ernment of South Vietnam about the han- cause they were subject to air strike. At its The CHAIRMAN. Do you know how much
tiling of this matter? ? peak, the program involved some 25 million ' the Vietnamese Government spent on their
Mr. NICKEL. Our policy people in JUSPAO leaflets per month. psychological warfare in the current year
discussed it With the policy people in the Following the partial bombing halt an- and last year, either one or both?
Ministry of Information with respect to the . nounced on March 31, 1968, leaflet targets Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
guidance that should be given to the psyop were restricted to those south of 20 degrees The Ministry of information, sir, in its
media. North Latitude. The primary objective of current fiscal year budget is spending $19.7 ,
The CHAIRMAN: Did the Vietnamese Gov- these leaflets was that of keeping the people million.
ernment play down the incident as being of in the area aware of efforts by the Govern- The CHAIRMAN. $19,7 million?
little importance? ment of Viet-Nam and the United States to Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir,
Mr. NICKEL. It has been treated in the bring about a negotiated settlement of the The CHAIRMAN. Is that budget this current
Vietnamese press. I am unable to say myself conflict. year, 1970?
whether the Vietnamese Government played After the total bombing halt of November Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir,
it down, sir. It certainly has been mentioned 1, 1968, the leaflet program over North Viet- The CHAIRMAN. Is that up or down? What
In the Vietnamese media. Nam was terminated. was it compared to last year; do you know
The CHAIRMAN. Would you say diet it had it?
Cost of U.S. propaganda operation
been emphasized or was it deemphasized as . in Vietnam Mr NICKEL. That is up, sir. Last year it was
' a matter of great significance? $9.6 million, sir.
? Mr. NICKEL. It certainly has not been em- The CHAIRMAN. I am not sure this question
has been quite clarified. Is it fair to say your The CHAIRMAN. From $9 to $19 million in
phasIzed, sir,
operation in all phases of the information, 1 year?
Treatment of 'Communist massacres at Hue Mr. NICKEL. That is right, sir.
psychological warfare program in Vietnam
The CHAntmAN. How has the USIA treated costs approximately $10 million? Did you say The CHAIRMAN. How do you account for
the Communist massacres at Hue in the pro- it cost about $10 million? such a large increase?
gram aimed at the Vietnamese people Mr. NICKEL. I said that the money that fell Mr. NICKEL. I believe I mentioned earlier,
through leaflets, newspapers, or television? within my area of responsibility was $10.9 sir, that there was a sizable increase in per-
Mr. NICKEL. We have done our best to ' million, sonnel which accounted for a good part of
assist the Vietnamese in telling the story of The CHAIRMAN. It does not include the this increase from $9 to $19 million, but not
all of it. There was also a substantial in-
the massacres at Hue, sir. military?
The CHAIRMAN. Has the USIA itself in ite Mr, NICKEL. It does not include the mill- crease in program money.
own pamphlets, newspapers and programs tary. The CHAIRMAN. How much of that do we
I? furnish, directly or emphasized the massacre at Hue? The CHAIRMAN. The military I remember .indirectly?
. Mr. NICKEL. We in JUSPAO have provided now you said had 800 people against your Mr. NICKEL. The $19 million which I cited,
? material to USIA for use by USIA posts in 81? is from the GVN's regular budget. There
Other countries, sir. Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir. are no counterpart funds in that.
North Vietnamese Affairs Division of JUSPAO The CHAIRMAN. I guess if yours is $10 mil- The CHAIRMAN, Do you know how much is
lion, theirs is $80 million, Is it fair to say we , planned for next year?
. The CHAIRMAN. What is the function of the ...
1
spend $80 million or $100 million on prop- /..IN NICKEL. No, sir. North Vietnamese Affairs Division of
agenda? JUSPAO budget for fiscal year 1971
' JUSPAO?
Mr. NICKEL. The North Vietnamese Affairs Mr, NICKEL. I would hesitate to answer The CHAIRMAN. Do you know how much
Division of JUSPAO, sir, is a staff office which that.
The CHAIRMAN. What? you have or are planning for fiscal year 1971
seeks to keep abreast of the propaganda de- for your operations?
Mr. NICKEL, I would hesitate to even specu- Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir. We plan to hare a
.1 velopments involving the North. It is con- late on what the cost is, sir,
.,
earned with release to the media of certain budget figure of $8.4 million, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Would you venture a guess? The CHAIRMAN. For next year?
I enemy documents. It also releases material Mr. NICKEL. I just have no base on which Mr. NICKEL. Next year.
of a more general nature about certain en- to make such a judgment.
' emy attitudes, activities, and practices. The CHAIRMAN. That again does not in-
The CHAIRMAN. We would like very much dude the military or any allied?
Psychological operations against North. to have an idea of the total cost. Of course Mr. NICKEL. It does not include the milt-
Vietnamese I realize the Pentagon has an enormous pro- tary, although it does include, as I believe
The CHAIRMAN. Are any psychological op- paganda operation in many places far greater you are aware, the AID and DOD funds that
erations being carried out against North Viet-. than yours. I wondered whether you could are available to JUSPAO.
nam at the present time? Approved Foi0ReilesSeu2007/01/31 : CIA-RDP7413014314ROCIOAN 1403314n5 MAJORTre
Mr. Mmes.. With respect to the operation Radio broadcasting beamed to the North. IN VIETNAM
' that I am responsible for, sir, know of noth. Did I understand you to say that radio The CHAIRMAN. Has the film, 'The Silent
lug but radio broadcasting,. broadcasting is not beamed to tile North? Majority' been distributed in Vietnam?
S
3982Approved For Release 2007/01/31 CIA-RDP74600415R000600120013-5
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ?SENATE March 29, 1971
Mr. NICKEL. It has, sir. Mr. NICKEL. I am unaware if they are tap- Mr. NICKEL,. The Vietnamese name for
The CHAIRMAN. By you? By the USIA? ing these proceedings. Rural Spirit is Huong Que. It is a magazine
Mr. NICKEL. We made it available to Viet- The CHAIRMAN. You would know if they designed largely for rural audiences, and it
namese television and to the National Me- are; would you not? is to a great extent agricultural in its ap-
tion Picture Center of Vietnam. It was Mr. NICKEL. Let us just say that I am un- proach. It has a monthly circulation of
shown on the GVN television network and aware if they are. 565,000, sir.
in commercial theaters. The CHAIRMAN. I wondered how efficient The CHAIRMAN. How many pages is a typi-
The CHAIRMAN. Would you estimate how they were in reporting all these matters. cal issue of that magazine?
many Vietnamese have seen it? Publication of "Vietnam, Today" Mr. NICKEL. Thirty-six pages,
Mr. NICKEL. I will supply an estimate, sir. The CHAIRMAN. Thirty-six pages, Is it slick
How many newspapers, magazines or other
(The information referred to follows:) paper or what?
periodicals does the United States publish or
Mr. NICKEL. No; it is not slick.
NUMBER OF SOUTH VIETNAMESE WHO HAVE print that are aimed at Vietnamese midi-
SEEN "THE SILENT MAJORITY" The CHAIRMAN. IS it a picture magazine?
ences? Mr. NICKEL. It has some illustrations, but
In South Vietnam, the GVN's Ministry of Mr. NICKEL. We publish, Mr. Chairman,
it is not basically a picture magazine,
Information (MOI) Was the sole distributor or should I say we assist the Vietnamese in
of the film "The Silent Majority." MOI esti- publishing, a pacification newsitheet, a weekly The CHAIRMAN. Where is it printed?
Mr. NICKEL. It is printed in Manila at our
mated that 1.2 million persons saw the show- called "Vietnam Today," in 600,000 copies regional service center,
ings of the fliM on the national television per issue. The CHAIRMAN. Printed in Manila?
network, and that an additional $00,000 The CHAIRMAN. 600,000? Mr. NICKEL. At the U.S. Information
urban viewers saw the film in theaters in six Mr. NICKEL, Yes, sir. Agency Regional Service Center. We have
major cities, for an overall total of 1.5 mil- The CHAIRMAN. Is that a newspaper type
lion, of publication? a large printing plant there.
The CHAIRMAN. It would be apparently a Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir. USIA printing plant in Manila
very substantial amount. The CHAIRMAN. 600,000 copies are pub- The CHAIRMAN. Do we have a large printing
Have you any measure of public reaction fished weekly? plant there?
, to that film? Mr. NICKEL. 600,000 copies. Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir,
Mr. NICKEL. We did not undertake any The CHAIRMAN. Is that given away? What The CHAIRMAN. What countries does it
specific evaluation. happens to it? I was interested. service?
The CHAIRMAN. Has anyone that you know? Mr. NICKEL. It is given away, sir. It is dis- Mr. NICKEL. It serves for the most part,
Mr. NICKEL. I am not aware that anyone tributed through the Vietnamese informs- sir, USIA posts in the East Asia and Pacific
did. tion service and it is more or less a vehicle for area. '
USIA POLLS CONCERNING ATTITUDES TOWARD the Central Pacification and Development Size of circulation of "Free South" and
UNITED STATES - Council. In others words, it concentrates on "Rural Spirit"
The CHAIRMAN. Coming back for a moment, developments in the pacification field. The CHAIRMAN. Would you say that the
it inspires me to ask a further question ' The CHAIRMAN. It is printed in Vietnam- Free South newspaper has the largest cir-
about the polls. Have you been instructed ese? culation of any newspaper in Asia outside of
to decline to discuss the polling in Vietnam Mr. NICKEL. Printed in Vietnamese, sir.
? Japan and mainland China?
or all polls?any poll in any other country? The CHAIRMAN. Is the cost of printing that Mr. NICKEL. Well, it Is a magazine. I just
Mr. NICKEL. Well, the only polling that a part of your budget? would not be able to make that judgment,
would come within my purview would be Mr. NICKEL. The printing cost is part of It has a very high circulation, if you discount
that in Vietnam, sir, my budget. Free South which?are we talking about
The CHAIRMAN. The USIA takes polls in The CHAIRMAN. What would it cost a week Huong Que?
other countries; does it not? , to put out 600,000 copies of that? The CHAIRMAN. Take both of them. One
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir. Mr. NICKEL. $2,400. is a newspaper and one is a magazine?
The CHAIRMAN. They are about public at- The CHAIRMAN. Where is it printed? Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
tittides toward the United States and its Mr. NICKEL. Printed in Saigon, sir. Part The 'CHAIRMAN. Would you say they have
policies? That has been a practice for a long of it?I might say that half of the printing the largest circulation of their kind, both
time; has it not? now is handled by the Ministry of Informs- magazine and newspaper, in Asia outside of
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir. tion and half is handled by the USIA, japan and mainland China?
The CHAIRMAN. You do not know about? The CHAIRMAN. Does the USIA have a Mr. NICKEL. I could not make that judg-
' them and cannot testify about them; is that printing plant in Saigon? ment, They certainly are the largest in Viet-
right? Mr. NICKEL. JUSPAO has a small printing nam.
Mr. NICKEL. When I say I do not know plant. The CHAIRMAN. You do not know of any
about them, I mean that I just do not know The CHAIRMAN. JUSPAO. Is it large enough that is larger; do you? .
in detail anything about them and obviously to print this? . Mr. NICKEL. I do not know, sir. ,
could not speak to What they were about, Mr. NICKEL. This is not printed entirely by
sir. JUSPAO. Half of the circulation?in other USIA printing plant in Manila
The CHAIRMAN. Were you in the USIA be. words, 300,000, sir?is printed by the Ministry The CHAIRMAN. Did you answer the ques-
fore you went to Saigon? of Information printing plant, and the other tion of what countries the printing oflice in
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir. half by JUSPAO. Manila serves? Does it serve all countries in
The CHAIRMAN. Where did you serve before The CHAIRMAN. Who determines the ma- Asia? Could you tell us how large that oper-
that? tonal that goes into this publication?,ation is?
Mr. NICKEL. In Japan, sir. Mr. NICKEL. Most of the editorial work o Mr. NICKEL. It exists to provide backstop-
The CHAIRMAN. In Japan? this newspaper now is done by the Ministry ping for our USIS posts in Asia, Mr. Chair-
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir. of Information, sir. man. If you would like specific information
? The CHAIRMAN. While you were in Japan, Publication of "Free South" on the plant, I shall see that the appropriate
, did you take polls there? parties in my agency furnish it.
The CHAIRMAN. There. is another news-
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir, (The information referred to follows:)
,
The CHAIRMAN. Are you at liberty to dis- paper called "Free South."
Mr. NICKEL. That is right, sir. USIA'S REGIONAL SERVICE CENTER IN MANILA
cuss the polls you took in Japan? The CHAIRMAN. IS it published biweekly? USIA's Regional Service Center in Manila
Mr. N/CKEL. No, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. You are instructed not to . Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir, has three main functions; (1) producing
The CHAIRMAN. How many of those are publications originated by usTA in Washing-
discuss them; is that it?
Mr. NICKEL, I 9.//1 instructed not to discuss published? ton for distribution to VETS posts in Asia;
Mr. NICKEL. This is published in an edition (2) producing publications originated by
polls.
of 1.3 million copies. It is a small 8 by 10 USIS posts in Asia for their own use; and (3)
The CHAIRMAN. It' is very unusual. Where sized newspaper, It Is air dropped into con- editing and producing regional publications.
. did you serve besides Japan?
Mr. NICKEL. I have served in Burilaa, and tested areas. products include magazines, photo news-
/ have served in Washington, sir. The CHAIRMAN. Being published twice a paper inserts, leaflets, posters and "fast pam-
The CHAIRMAN. Did you take polls in week that 2.6 million a week; is that correct? phlets." The latter, frequently full texts of
Burma? Mr. NICKEL. I am sorry, sir; it is published Presidential statements, are keyed to major
every 2 weeks, not two a week.
Mr. NICKEL. To the best of my recollection, The CHAIRMAN. Every 2 weeks? foreign policy events in which the time ele-
/ do not believe we did, but that was some , ment is important.
Mr. NICKEL. Every 2 weeksir.
years ago. s Among the 11 American and 231 Filipino
The CHAIRMAN. YOU do not believe you did? Publication of "Rural Spirit" employees currently at the Regional Service
Mr. NI is I t i The CHAIRMAN. I notice here another one Center are editors, artists, photo specialists
tive answer. called "Rural Spirit." Are you familiar with and skille ing technicians. The esti-
. budget for FY 1971 is $2,-
Is U AptiggejefilogillteieaSe 205214,1,4n.:19M-DP741300415R0006004 2
566,000, which includes printing service per-
The CHAIRMAN. Is the USIA taking a tape The CHAIRMAN. What is that? Deseribe it, formed for other U.S. Government agencies
of these proceedings? Is it a,magazine? on a reimbursement basis.
Approved For Release 2007/01/31 ? CIA-RDP,7,4600.415R000600120013-5 s 3983
'March 29, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? A .I.
Magazine entitled "The Face of Anguish,
Vietnam"
The CHAIRMAN. Is this magazine I have
here, The Face of Anguish, Vietnam, an issue
of the Rural Spirit?
Mr. NICKEL. No, Sir.
The CHAIRMAN. This is not its name; is it?
What is this issue? It is a picture magazine;
I think it came from you.
Mr. NICKEL, I do not--I cannot recognize it.
The CHAIRMAN, NO; this comes from Free
Attila Press, Manila, I am sorry. Is that part
of our operation?
Mr. NICKEL. I do not recognize the maga-
zine, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Since you are in the busi-
ness, maybe I will give it to you and ask you
to see if you can identify it for us. It does
not seem to be identified. I do not know what
the Free Asia Press is, It is a very elaborate
magazine and beautifully done. Who would
you say is the sponsor of that?
Mr. NICKEL. I would just say that?I have
never seen it, and it does not appear to me
to be one of our products.
The CHAIRMAN. Who would publish such a
magazine except us?
Mr. NICKEL. I do not know.
Publication and distribution of , "Who are
the Vietcong?"
The CHAIRMAN. Here is another one. It has,
no identification whatsoever. It is called,
"Who Are the Vietcong?" Have you ever seen
that pamphlet?
Mr. NICKEL. That is ours,
The CHAIRMAN. It is not identified. There
is nothing in it, I am told by the staff, that
would identify it as being your publicatiori.
Is that the normal way we operate? We do
not identify our publications?
Mr. NICKEL, No; I would not say that is
normal.
The CHAIRMAN. What proportion would
you say are attributed to us and are identi-
fiable as our publications and what propor-
tions are not?
Mr. NICKEL. It would be very hard to give
a percentage. It is an English language pub-
lication, 7 believe, Senator. I would feel com-
fortable in saying that most of our English
language publications are attributed.
The CHAIRMAN, Do you know where this
was distributed? Was it distributed in South '
Vietnam?
Mr. NICKEL. Since it is an English language
version, sir, I would assume that some num-
bers were used in South Vietnam, but I would
also assume that the English language ver-
sion was prepared for use primarily outside
Of Vietnam.
The CHAIRMAN. In the United States?
Mr. NICKEL. No; not in the United States.
The CHAIRMAN, Where outside of Vietnam?
Mr, NICKEL. For use by posts other than
Vietnam. '
The CHAIRMAN. By the USIA?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN, You prepared it in Saigon?
Mr. NICKEL. It was?may I inquire?
The CHAIRMAN. Do you want to look at it
or are you familiar with it?
Mr. NICKEL. May we See it, sir? The reason
I am pausing is because I am not sure wheth-
er it was a JUSPAO publication or a USIA
publication.
I can find out for you, sir, and supply the
information.
The CHAIRMAN. But it is a pamphlet which
you prepared and published?
Mr. NICKEL. We are sure it is a pamphlet
in which we were involved. But whether
JUSPAO prepared it or USIA prepared it, I
do not know.
The CHAIRMAN. Would that kind of maga-
zine be printed in Manila rather than in
Saigon?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes; it would be,
Mr. NICKEL. That would depend on what
posts ordered it, sir. Japan certainly would
not use large numbers in English.
The CHAIRMAN, Will you be able to find out
where that was printed and for whom and
Whore it was distributed?
Mr. NICKEL. I will see that information is
developed.
The CHAIRMAN. Will you supply it for the
record, please?
Mr, NICKEL. Yes, sir.
(The information referred to follows:)
PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION OF "WHO ARE THE
VIET CONG?"
?
The pamphlet "Who Are the Viet Cong?"
was initially prepared in English by USIA in
Washington for overseas distribution as part
of USIA's worldwide information program.
Texts and photos were initially sent to
USIA's Regional Service Center (RSC) in
Manila, where 10,250 pilot copies were
printed in August 1866. Some 10,000 of these
were printed for USIA, for distribution to
USIS posts ordering them. There were addi-
tional printings at RSC Manila for USIS
posts in Saigon, Canberra and Tel Aviv in
1967.
JUSPAO prepared a Vietnamese language
version which was printed at RSC Manila
in several press runs from December 1966 to
March 1967, in a total of 300,000 copies. This
version was distributed in South Viet-Nam.
Is any unidentified material distributed in
United States?
The CHAIRMAN. Is any material of this kind
without identification ever distributed in the
United States?
Mr. NICKEL. No, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. You are sure about that?
Mr. NICKEL, I am sure to the extent that
I am very well aware Of the need to keep it
out of the United States, and we are always
cognizant of this restriction.
The CHAIRMAN. If it is not identified, how
would you keep it out? What is to prevent
someone from distributing it here when
there is no way of telling who printed it
where it Came from except to the initiated?
Mr. NICKEL. In terms of USIS use of ma-
terials of this sort, all USIS posts, and all
.USIS personnel would be aware of the neces-
sity to avoid its introduction into the United
States.
Booklet entitled "Vietnam: The View Beyond
the Battle"
The CHAIRMAN. On a recent visit to Saigon,
two members of the staff of this committee
were given this booklet called, "Vietnam, the
View Beyond the Battle." Are you familiar
with it?
Mr. NICKEL. I have seen it.
The CHAIRMAN. This VMS part of the ma-.
terials in a welcoming kit.
Mr, NICKEL, Yes, Sir.
The CHAIRMAN. When you say you have
seen it, who published it? Did you publish it?
It also does not have a date on it
Mr. NICKEL. I believe it was printed at our
regional service center in Manila.
The CHAIRMAN. It is a very elaborate mag-
azine wtih extremely fine workmanship in
its maps and photographs. There is a mag-
nificent photograph of Thieu and Ky and
President Lyndon B. Johnson taken in
February of 1966. It does not say itself when
it was printed. Can you tell us when thia
was printed?
Mr. NICKEL. I believe, sir, that was printed
at our regional service center in Manila. I
believe it was a USAID project, and the cost
of printing?
The CHAIRMAN. Was it prepared at your
request for distribution in Vietnam?
Mr. NICKEL. I believe it was prepared by
a contract writer for AID and I believe print-
ing was at AID expense. However, I make that
it. I thought perhaps it was his, but he had
no knowledge of it. He said he had never
seen it and knew nothing about it.
Mr. NICKEL. I believe, sir, it was printed 2
or 3 years ago.
The CHAIRMAN. He said he knew nothing
about it, and he left the impression that he
did not think it was an AID project. Again
I raise the same question because it is such
a fine piece of work. What is the purpose of
publishing in English such a fine magazine
and what is the distribution of it? Could you
find that out on this one too?
Mr. NICKEL. I will find out on that, sir.
(The information referred to follows:)
PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION OF "VIETNAM: THE
VIEW BEYOND THE BATTLE"
In 1967, because the Government of Viet-
Nam wanted to tell to its citizens the story
of developing nationhood in South Viet-Nam
and because USAID especially was provid-
ing advice and assistance in the develop-
ment, JUSPAO was requested to prepare a
one-time publication, "Viet-Nam: The View
Beyond the Battle." Information and photos
were furnished by the GVN and USAID, with
JUSPAO assuming coordinating responsi-
bility for text, editing, layout and printing.
The Vietnamese language publication Was
printed in 100,000 copies at USIA's Regional
Service Center (RSC) at JUSPAO's request,
for distribution in Viet-Nam.
An English language version was also
printed in 68,500 copies. They were ordered
by and shipped to JUSPAO and to USIS posts,
at Manila, Djakarta, Bonn, Wellington, Can-
berra, Kuala Lumpur, Lusaka, Lagos, Stock-
holm, Taipei, Georgetown, Quito, Tel Aviv,
Beirut, Rangoon, CUVB, Copenhagen, Bern,
Kabul, Brussels and Reykjavik.
From the JUSPAO supply, some 5,000 copies
were provided to USAID for use in a briefing
kit for distribution to visitors, journalists,
incoming USAID officers and other persons
inquiring about USAID' a activities. Until
early 1968 the U.S. Mission Press Center in
Saigon, which operates 'Hider American Em-
bassy supervision, distributed copies to news-
men.
'Why are magazines unidentified as to source?
The CHAIRMAN. I do not quite understand
why magazines of this kind are not identified
? as to source. It obviously raises a very inter-
esting question.
Mr. NICKEL. I will furnish the information
to the committee.
(The information referred to f ollows: )
"EXPLANATION OF LACK OF ATTRIBUTION OF
PUBLICATIONS
"As was pointed out in Mr. Nickel's open-
ing statement, one of the roles performed by
JUSPAO is" assistance in the production of
information materials by the GVN. In 1967,
when "Viet-Nam: The View Beyond the Bat-
tle" was first printed, the GVN did not have
the capacity to produce magazines of this
type. In developing this particular project
with and for the GVN, JUSPAO decided that
this and similar publications might also have
an audience in third countries as well. If at-
tribution were given rightfully to the GVN,
such attribution could limit USIS use over-
seas. On the other hand, if attribution were
given to USAID or JUSPAO, it could limit or
embarrass the GVN's use of the publication
in Viet-Nam. As has been noted earlier,
JUSPAO assisted the CNN by providing
100,000 copies of the publication in the Viet-
namese language. Accordingly, a decision was
made not to positively identify this type pub-
lication with either the GVN or U.S. agencies,
thereby permitting all interested parties to
distribute it through their own outlets."
Publication of attributed and unattributed
. magazines
The CHAIRMAN. Where ArpAtik he,gtorra._ stateMent subject to check. , . The CHAIRMAN. Do you know who would
uteri? It would not be dIRlibtft Wdi 'W M- ; Keitaseaclurioi hagea GIAARIDEGAB00445R0008004t2OrOrIP5 publication of
would it? the day before yesterday if he had ever seen such magazines? Put it this way: Has USIA
. ? ,
?
b 3984 aalgala: Eit-50741.2gpfigH00600 1 200 1 A2qtreit 2,11
Approved For Itetyil
ever made a contract for a similar magazine
even though it is not this one? Have you ever
asked the regional office to publish for your
purposes an unidentified magazine?
Mr. NICKEL. Let me answer that by say-
ing we would occasionally use contract per-
sonnel to prepare products for us, but the
use of a contract writer would not in any way
be related to the decision as to whether the
product would be attributed or unattributed.
I do not myself know why this publication
Is not an attributed product.
The CHAIRMAN. Does your office ever ask
for magazines similar to this from the re-
gional office in Manila?
Mr. NICKEL. We occasionally order pub-
lications from the regional office in Manila.
The CHAIRMAN. When you do, do you spec-
ify? whether they are to be attributed tO you
or not? Is that decision left up to the
regional office?
Mr. NICKEL. If they are in English, sir, and
they already exist, they already are either at-
tributed or unattributed, so we would not
get involved in the attribution. I think I am
correct in assuming that most are attributed.
If we are doing Vietnamese versions of basic
English language publications that originate
at the Manila plant, then It would be up to
JUSPAO to decide whether we wanted them
attributed.
The CHAIRMAN, On what basis do you de-
cide whether it is attributed to you or not at-
tributed to you? What is the criteria?
Mr. NICKEL. Well, speaking for myself
alone---
The CHAIRMAN. You ought to speak for the
Agency. I do not want you to speak only for
yourself, but you can do both.
Mr. NICKEL. If you will allow me to
speak?
The CHAIRMAN. Speak for yourself and then
speak for the agency. That is right.
Mr. NICKEL. In making the decision as to
whether something is to be attributed or not,
I generally follow the policy that anything
that is explaining some aspect of U.S. policy
or U.S. society, should have attribution to the
United States. In fact, attribution adds to the
credibility of it.
? The CHAIRMAN. How do you decide when
not to attribute it? What is your objective?
, Mr. NICKEL. Let me put it this way. I have
another area of operations in Vietnam where
I am engaged in helping the Vietnamese pub-
lish materials. Obviously. I do not attribute
such materials to my own organization.
South Vietnamese publication of materials in
English
The CHAIRMAN. They would not publish
materials in English; would they?
Mr. NICKEL. They publish Some materials in
English.
The CHAIRMAN. Do they?
Mr. NICKEL. A few, for use abroad.
The CHAIRMAN. For use where?
Mr. NICKEL. Well, for use abroad.
The CHAIRMAN. In the United States?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes.
The CHAIRMAN. Really?
Mr. NICKEL. But these are not materials I
am involved in
The CHAIRMAN. But they do publish mate-
rials in English that are then distributed in
the United States?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, occasionally, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. I did not know that. Of
how many do you know?
Mr. NICKEL. I would have to determine that.
The CHAIRMAN. Have yell any examples of
it?
Mr. NICKEL. I have no examples with me,
sir.
The CHAIRMAN. What would be the objec-
tive of such publications? To what are they
directed?
Mr. NICKEL. Well, when I say for use in the
United States, they. ;publish on eitatma
behalf without assisia COMO
slabs for use overseas. They publish these la
French and in English, and I can only as-
sume that some of the material they publish
in English, unilaterally, is made available
to their Embassy in Washington.
Now, I want to make it very clear, Mr.
,Chairman, these are aspects of their opera-
tion that I am not officially involved in; I
provide neither support for, nor assistance
in any way.
The CHAIRMAN. And no advice?
Mr. NICKEL. And no advice.
The CHAIRMAN. They do it all on their
own?
Mr, NICKEL. That is right, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Could you supply for the
record some recent examples of publications
that the Vietnamese Government has made
in English?
Mr. NICKEL. I will, sir. '
The CHAIRMAN. Give us a few examples
during the last year to see what they are
doing.
(The information referred to follows:)
GVN publications in English
Sample materials provided through the
Embassy of Viet-Nam include "Fighters for
Peace," "Communist Atrocities During the
Latest Offensives," and "Viet-Nam Bulletin."
Other pub/ication
The CHAIRMAN. With regard to these other
publications, we mentioned three, I believe,
the Rural Spirit, which has 565,000, and the
Vietnam Today, with 600,000, and the Free
South with 1.3 million per edition.
Mr. NICKEL. That is right, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. There are nine other pub-
lications which I will not take the time to go
into at length. I will name them and I think
these are correct. This is material which we
obtained in Saigon.
? A magazine called Mother Heart. Long Me
is the way you pronounce it in Vietnamese.
It is published bimonthly in 200,000 copies
per issue.
There is a magazine called Culture-Drama
published bimonthly, 12,000 per issue.
Magamine entitled "Mother Heart"
What is "Mother Heart"?
Mr. NICKEL. Long Me, sir, is a publication
of the Ministry of Chieu Hot, We provide
considerable assistance to the publication.
We print it. It is designed to explain and
promote the Chien Hoi program largely in
the sense of informing families of prospec-
tive Chieu Hoi ralliers.,
The CHAIRMAN. This is intended for the
Vietcong whom you want to come over; is
that right?
the order of classical Vietnamese drama.
When I say opera, I mean classical Vietnam-
ese opera which is not unrelated to Chinese
opera.
The CHAIRMAN. Do we determine the sub-
ject matter of a magazine of that kind?
Mr. NICKEL. This particular magazine is
directed at culture-drama teams which per-
form in the provinces, and in general per-
form almost like vaudevillians, if I might use
the term, Mr. Chairman.
The CHAIRMAN. What is the objective of
our sponsoring such a magazine? What do we
seek to accomplish in publishing such a
magazine?
Mr. NICKEL. We seek to provide program
material, that is nationalist in its direction
because these culture-drama teams play a
role in support of the Government.
The CHAIRMAN. Do you think this kind of
a role would agree with Vice President Ag-
new's idea of what a magazine or a publica-
tion ought to do? He would not criticize the
kind of publications we put out in Vietnam?
Mr. NICKEL. I prefer not to comment on.
the Vice President.
The CHAIRMAN, If I understood his views,
they were that magazines and newspapers
ought to support the Government and, there-
fore, he would approve of this type of publi-
cation. It seems to me It is perfectly obvious
he would.
I am not quite sure myself though what
justifies the spending of American money on
the cultural and drama magazine. Not that
I have any aversion to culture and drama,
but I did not know that we were competent
to tell the Vietnamese about culture and
drama in Vietnam.
Mr. NICKEL. Well, of course?
The CHAIRMAN. We have a hard time know-
ing what is culture and drama in Washing-
ton.
Mr. NICKEL. Of course, Mr. Chairman, the
JUSPAO staff that works on this magazine
is predominantly Vietnamese.
The CHAIRMAN. I see. You think it is SO
constructed and edited that it would appeal
to the effete, intellectual snobs of Saigon?
Mr. NICKEL. I would say that it appeals to
the performers and culture-drama teams in
the provinces of Vietnam.
Posters, pamphlets and song sheets
The CHAIRMAN. Of what are posters IR-8
and IR-5 on rice examples? This is about the
miracle rice.
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir. Those would be
posters.
The CHAIRMAN, Is that a one-shot prop-
Mr. NICKEL. No; it is intended for families osition, one poster?
on the South Vietnamese side who may have Mr. NICKEL. One poster.
relatives serving with the enemy. It provides The CHAIRMAN. 50,090 copies?
these families with better information about Mr. NICKEL. It Is not a fixed periodical.
the program. Also, one of its secondary oh- The CHAIRMAN. It is not a recurring poster
jectives is to supply more information about or is it?
the program to the Vietnamese officials who Mr. NICKEL. It is not recurring, but obvi-
themselves are concerned with Chieu Hoi. ously our interest in IR-8 is such that over
Magazine entitled "Culture-Drama" a period of time we could do many posters
on IR-8.
The CHAIRMAN. What is the magazine Cul- The CHAIRMAN. We have another poster
ture-Drama about? entitled, "Our Project Has Been Completed."
Mr. NICKEL. It is known as the Van Tem Vu Is that a recurring poster or a single shot?
magazine, Mr. Chairman. It is a magazine Mr. NICKEL. I would assume that is a
designed to provide program material? single shot?
songs, skits, and general raw material? The CHAIRMAN. Is it 50,000 copies?
for a great number of culture-drama teams Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
which exist in Vietnam. The culture-drama The CHAIRMAN. Then you have a poster
form is a very attractive one. called, "The Government of the Republic
The CHAIRMAN. Culture-drama has nothing of Vietnam Helps Refugees Return Home."
to do with the theater, I guess.
Mr. NICKEL. It is folk theater touring
The CHAIRMAN. Is there a theater in
Saigon? ?
Mr. NICKEL. There is opera, renovated op- Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
era, classical.
The CHAIRMAN. That is 50,000 copies. Is
The CHAIRMAN. Do they have a local opera
that only for that purpose?
company?
Mr. NICKEL. There are performances. Mr. NICKEL. That would be a one shot
Pamphlet, yea, sir.
aiStittniaffigAgedrAY-Ft15711/41M15-M M111124aCit3n5ve have song sheets.
Mr. NwicrE. No; this would be more on One is called "spring of Rope" and one is
That again is just another poster?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Then there is a pamphlet, ,
"Security Laws Protect the Citizens."
Approved For Release 2007/01/31 : CIA-RDP74600415R000600120013-5
March 29, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- SENATE S 3985
called "Native Spring." What is our objec-
tive in printing song sheets?
Mr. NICKEL. That song sheet was probably
a product that was issued by the Ministry
of Information in connection with the Tet
observation. As you know, Tet is quite a
festive holiday in Vietnam, and the songs
were probably connected with the celebra-
tion of that holiday. -
Number of posters produced in Fiscal Year
1969
The CHAIRMAN. Could you tell US how
many different posters were put out last
year?
Mr. NICKEL. I can only give you an overall
figure on posters, Mr. Chairman?a total of
1.73 million copies in fiscal year 1999. That
would be for individual units.
The CHAIRMAN. Individual units of posters.
Mr. NICKEL. 1.73 million 'pieces of paper,
every one of which was a poster. I cannot
give you the circulation or the production
per poster, I cannot say 50,090 of this or
70000 of that.
The CHAIRMAN. To illustrate the point, you
put out 15 posters consisting of 1.7 million
Issues. Is that about right?
Mr, NICKEL. Those are not the figures, but
that is the logic.
The CHAIRMAN, I know they are not the?
figures.
Mr. NICKEL: That is the logic.
The Cr-mum/AN. That is what I meant. You
could not estimate how many posters there
were, not individual pieces but ho vi many
?
different posters there were?
Mr. NICKEL. I find that very difficult.
Publications of all kinds put out in a year
The CHAIRMAN. Would you estimate how
many publications of all kinds you put out
in a year? Would it be 10 million or 50
million publications of all different kinds,
including all these magazines and posters
and newspapers? The newspapers alone run
into several million weekly; do they not? ?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. / wondered if you had an
estimate to give us some idea of the volume
of our activity.
Mr. NICKEL. 04 million plus, sir. That would
be magazines, newspapers, posters, and
pamphlets.
Leaflets dropped by the military
The CHAIRMAN. Would the pamphlets in-
clude the leaflets dropped by the military?'
Mr. NICKEL. That does not, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Do you have any estimate
how-many there are?
Mr. NICKEL. That would, be somewhere In
the vicinity of 1.6 billion, sir. .
The CHAIRMAN. Billion?
Mr. NICKEL. Billion.
The CHAIRMAN. My goodness; 1.5 billion by?
the military?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes.
The CHAIRMAN. Who prints those? Where
can they get so many printed? That seems
Incredible.
Mr. NICKEL. They would be primarily dis-
tributed by the military.
The CHAIRMAN. Are these printed In that
regional office in Manila?
Mr. NICKEL. No, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Does the military have Its
own printing plant?
Mr. NICKEL. I was a bit hasty. Let me be
more precise. Some might be printed in
Manila. Many might be printed by the mili-
tary on Okinawa.
The CHAIRMAN. Do they have a big print-
ing plant on Okinawa?
Mr. NICKEL. They have a printing plant
that provides support for the psychological.
program in Vietnam.
The CHAIRMAN. Is it comparable to the
size of yours in Manila?
Mr. NICKEL. No, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. It is not kapEre9ved For
Mr. Nrcxxx,. No, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Is the USIA plant In Manila
a very larae one?
Mr. McKim,. It Is a substantial modern
plant.
The CHAIRMAN. Is it capable of printing a
magazine as large as, say, Time magazine or
Fortune or Newsweek?
Mr. NICKEL. It is difficult for me to answer.
I am not aware of what Capacity it would
have for volume. I would think that tech-
nically it could do the job.
Other printing by the military
The CHAIRMAN. Does the military, in addi-
tion to the 1.6 billion leaflets, also print maga-
zines and publications similar to this? Does
it print anything similar to this anywhere?
Mr, NICKEL. It would be very unlikely to
print a pamphlet like 'that. I believe they do
print an employee relations magazine for
the Vietnamese employees for the military in
Vietnam. But to the best of my knowledge,
Mr. Chairman, that is the only publication
of that type that the military publishes.
Lack of attribution of "Vietnam: The View
Beyond The Battle"
The CHAIRMAN. I do not know who did this,
but that is one of the finest pictures of its
kind I ever saw of the people in the rice pad-
dles. As a technical matter, regardless of its
content, you could well take credit for it
because it is a very fine production. I think
it is a very attractive thing. Did I show It
to you to see if you could identify it, or did
you? I do not remember. Do you want to
look at it and perhaps you can tell me?
Mr. NICKEL. I am familiar with it. I have
seen it.
The CHAIRMAN. You have seen it.
I have so many publications here I can-
not keep them all straight.
I am told by the staff that the USIS press
said this morning, after they checked it, that
it was printed in March 1967. I still am
puzzled about this question of attribution.
A magazine of this kind is such an imposing
production that it is rather a shock to find
there is no way of telling who printed it and
where and when it was printed. Yet it is
on a subject which apparently either we or
the Government of Vietnam would be the
only ones really interested in doing it. So I
can see now that it was. I would suggest, for
whatever it is worth, that it helps our credi-
bility to identify and to claim it as our own
when It is. I do not think that the world as
it is today is going to be very impressed by
our trying to avoid responsibility for the
publication.
Press credentials granted to four security
agents in Saigon
Did your office have anything to do with
the recent ,granting of press credentials in
Saigon to four security agents?
Mr. NICKEL. No, Sin
The CHAIRMAN. It is not your responsibil-
ity. Do you know anything about that epi-
sode?
Mr. NICKEL. I am familiar with the gen-
eral newspaper accounts of that. ,
The CHAIRMAN. Then I suppose you have
friends who were aware of that in Vietnam?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Could you tell me in what
mission these people were engaged for which
they wanted such credentials?
Mr. NICKEL. I have no knowledge of that,
sir.
The CHAIRMAN. You have no knowledge
of that.
Are CIA personnel using USIA as cover?
Could you say whether any CIA personnel
are using the USIA as cover?
Mr. NICKEL. Comment on such a question
must be made in executive session by other
appropriate officials, Mr. Chairman.
The CHAIRMAN. All right.
Language facility of USIA personnel in
ou you e 1 me w a gercen age o 8 irtoemd, ithned Ire!
ReAeir 2907/difIr CIA-RDR)7VOQ45/WANSMant
personnel in Vietnam speak Vietnamese? sion Press Center, Mr. Chairman, as any ac-
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, Sir. credited journalist would receive.
The CHAIRMAN. At three level or better. The CHAIRMAN. / realize that, but in ad-
I am not talking about 'Vietnamese em-
ployees. ?
Mr. NICKEL. Six percent.
The CHAIRMAN. How many speak French
at the three level or better?
Mr. NICKEL. I am sorry, sir. I gave you a
percentage figure. I did not mean it to be
a percentage. Six employees speak Viet-
namese at the three level or better.
The CHAIRMAN. That is approximately 6
percent; is it not?
Mr. NICKEL. It also works out to approxi-
mately 6 percent, but it is not a percentage
figure. The figure for French would be 24.
The CHAIRMAN. That is at the three level
or better?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
Language facility of JUSPAO personnel
The CHAIRMAN. What about all JUSPAO
personnel?
Mr. NICKEL. All JUSPAO personnel in
terms of three or better or what, sir?
The CHAIRMAN. Yes.
Mr. NICKEL. Well, I am addressing the
civilian component of JUSPAO. There are six
people who speak Vietnamese and 24 who
speak French.
The CHAIRMAN. What about the 800 mili-
tary you mentioned? Do you know anything
about them?
? Mr. NICKEL. I do not.
The CHAIRMAN. You do not have the fig-
ures on them.
Journalists' trips to Vietnam sponsored
by USIA
Does the USIA finance or sponsor in any
way trips to Vietnam by Journalists from the
United States?
Mr. NICKEL. The U.S. Information Agency,
sir, does have a third. country journalist
program.
The CHAIRMAN. Could you indicate the
magnitude of that? How many journalists
in the course of a year?
Mr. NICKEL. I would be very happy to sup-
ply that for the record. It is a program ad-
ministered out of the headquarters in Wash-
ington, and I cannot speak to the details, sir,
(Thefellowing information referred to
follows:)
, USIA third country journalist program,
fiscal year 1969
"For the record, the program involved 15
foreign journalists during Fiscal Year 1960,
and an anticipated equal number during the
current fiscal year."
The CHAIRMAN. I want it both ways. I
want trips from the United States to Viet-
nam of American journalists and also from
other countries to Vietnam.
Mr. NICKEL. I believe, sir, that this pro-
gram is only concerned with third cotiatry
journalists to Vietnam.
The CHAIRMAN. You mean not United
States?
Mr. NICKEL. Not American journalists.
The CHAIRMAN. Then the answer to my
first question is no. They do not sponsor
U.S. journalists to Vietnam; is that correct?
Mr. NICKEL. That is correct, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. They do sponsor foreign
journalists to Vietnam?
Mr. NICKEL. That is right, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Could you say what is the
purpose of this program? Why do you sponsor
foreign journalists to Vietnam?
Mr. NICKEL. To enable them, sir, to come
and see for themselves the developments in
that country. This is done in many in-
stances for journalists from publications
which could not afford to or would not send
their correspondents to Vietnam.
The CHAIRMAN. When they arrive in South
Vietnam, does your agency take care of them,
meet them and make arrangements for their
' visit?
?
z'bo,
Approved For'Ret6W-b"26Weidift31 4.4t1P44151:74gbe44504000600120013-5
dition there is the fact that you sponsored
them and paid for their passage. Do you also
take care of them and give them any special
treatment or are they just allowed like any
other journalist?
Mr. NICKEL. We give them special treat-
ment when they ask for ,it, special treat-
ment of the same kind that we would give
any journalist in Vietnam who so requested
it.
To really get to the thrust of your question,
Mr. Chairman, it is up to them. They come
out; they are accredited; they are there like
other journalists and their programs are
theirs to arrange.
The CHAIRMAN. If they are not familiar
with the place, I would assume in the nor-
mal course of events you would take them
around and show them the places of interest.
I would have thought the answer was yes.
It would seem to me a rather dubious invest-
ment-to bring a journalist from Europe or
Africa end then let him go on his own.
Mr. NICKEL. The answer is yes. I just want-
ed to make it clear that 'what is offered them
Is what is available for all the journalists
in Vietnam.
Justification for USIA third country jour-
nalist program questioned
The CHAIRMAN. T have some difficulty, I
may say, in reconciling this activity with the
mission of your agency that you describe.
I cannot quite fit this in as to how we are
justified as a government and as a people to
support this activity. I wish you would en-
lighten me a little as to the reas,aing justi-
fying this activity of bringing foreign jour-
nalists to Vietnam to view the-
Mr. NICKEL. I think this is another matter,
Mr. Chairman, which I will have to refer to
my superiors and I am sure they will furnish
a justification for it. I say that because It is
a program that is not within my purview in
terms of responsibility.
(The information referred to follows.)
Third country journalist program
"This activity, known within USIA as the
third country journalist program, was begun
in 1905 and is currently active, The records
of the Committee will reflect that, in hear-
ings on news policies in Vietnam on August
17, 1966, the Agency provided a legal memo-
randum justifying this program, That record-
also indicates that the Committee obtained
an opinion from the Comptroller General of
the United States on the program that found
the expenditure of funds for this program to
be proper."
The CHAIRMAN. / see. In other words, this
is carried on, but you have no responsibility
for doing it. The decisions are all made here.
You would have to ask Mr. Shakespeare
about that; is that what you said?
Mr. NICKEL. I am not sure that it would be
Mr. Shakespeare, but certainly one of my
principals in Washington.
The CHAIRMAN. I just use him. He is the
nominal head of the Agency. It is quite right
he might not know about it, but someone at
that level would know. But you would not be
willing to share with me your views about the
justification for such a program.
Third country journalists' briefing and
interviews
When these people arrive there, are they
normally given briefings by the Ainerican
officials?
Mr. NICKEL. If they so request.
The CHAIRMAN, Is it normal that they do
request such a briefing?
Mr. NICKEL. I would say not necessarily, Mr.
Chairman,
The CHAIRMAN, No?
Mr. NICKEL. It is very hard to categorize
journalists in that regard.
The CHAIRMAN. Do they normally expect to,
see military officials or the people in the Em-
bassy? What would you say was the norm?
Mr. NICKEL. Many Arm Mr Chairman.
would like to irate '
69MadokKIMe
Vietnam, I 'Would say, by and large, they are
no more successful or no more unsuccessful
in arranging interviews than the average
journalist who is accredited in Vietnam.
Witness' instructions concerning policy
questions
The CHAIRMAN. In this matter, do your
instructions with regard to the polls also in-
clude policy questions? Were you instructed
not to discuss policy questions with the com-
mittee?
Polling by Oliver Quayle
The CHAIRMAN. Have you ever heard of Mr.
Oliver Quayle? Does that name Means any-
thing to you?
Mr. NICKEL. The name does not sound com-
pletely strange, but frankly I cannot associate
it with anything.
The CHAIRMAN. You associate Mr. Quayle
with something else; do you? That word used
to be common, but I have not heard it in that
-connection for a long time. They have de-
veloped new words. He is a well-known figure
in U.S. circles and has often done work test-
ing public opinion. In fact there is an article
in this morning's paper. One of the well?
-
known columnists apparently has been down
in Alabama with him this week. I happened
to see it this morning.
I wondered if you knew whether he had
ever visited Vietnam while you were there.
Apparently not. You are not acquainted with
his work?
Mr. NICKEL. No, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Ile has done considerable
work in this country on the testing of atti-
tudes and opinions, and I think one of the
columnists sometime back mentioned that
he thought Mr. Quayle\ had made a poll in
Vietnam. Whether he made it at the USIA's
request is another matter. We will try bo
find that out from your superiors.
(The information referred to follows.)
Polling by Oliver Quayle
"U.S. Information Agency records indicate
that USIA has never commissioned Mr. Oliver'
Quayle to conduct a public opinion poll in
Vietnam."
Orientation of USIA offices from countries
other than Vietnam
Are USIA officers assigned in countries
other than Vietnam ever sent to Vietnam for
brief visits at Government expense?
Mr. NICKEL. USIA officers?
, The CHAIRMAN. Yes.
Mr. NICKEL. Yes; we bring some USIA of-
ficers to Vietnam for orientation.
The CHAIRMAN. Could you, indicate about
how many during the course of a year are
brought to Vietnam for the purpose?
Mr. NICKEL. I do not have specific figures
but, during the period I have been there, we
have brought groups of five officers, I would
say, to Vietnam two or three times a year for
orientation.
The CHAIRMAN. That means 15 or 20 officers
altogether'?
Mr. NICKEL. That is right.
The CHAIRMAN. What countries did they ,
come from while you were there?
Mr. NICKEL. They came from a variety of
countries.
The CHAIRMAN. Europe?
Mr. NICKEL. Europe, South America, and
East Asia.
The CHAIRMAN. The purpose of this orienta-
tion is for them to go back and do what?
Mr. NICKEL. Its purpose is to give them a
firsthand appreciation of the situation in
Vietnam.
The CHAIRMAN. Is it in order to aid them
in spreading the word when they get back to
their posts?
Mr. NICKEL. In order to enable them to bet-
ter speak to the situation.
Effect Of USIA third country journalist
program
Thainstr3trittaz ? _the news-
.P
Woe aelE1064315
result of this program? Even though you did
not inspire it nor originate it, do you know
Whether when they return to their respective
countries they report and write their articles
ins very sympathetic way to our purposes in
Vietnam?
Mr. NICKEL. I do not know enough about
it, sir, to be able to characterize it.
The CHAIRMAN. If they do not, it does not
seem justified to carry on the program. Is
there no followup to find out hoer they react?
Me. NICKEL. There is.
The CHAIRMAN. There is a followup?
Mr. NICKEL. There is, sir, but the follow-
up does not fall into my area of responsibility.
The CHAIRMAN. I see. Iou do not know, but
clearly they could want to check to see if
these people reacted in the proper way and
if they appreciate the courtesies you have
extended them. Would they not?
Mr. NICKEL. I am sure that our people are
well aware of what was written by news-
papermen who have participated in this pro-
gram.
Program of bringing government officials to
Vietnam
The CHAIRMAN. Were you there when Mr.
Moshe Dayan came to Vietnam?
Mr. NICKEL. No, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Was that before your tour
of duty?
Mr. NICKEL. That was before my time.
The CHAIRMAN. Do you know anything
about the program of bringing government
officials there? You do not know about that?
Mr. NICKEL. No, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. It Is not your respon-
sibility.
Mr. NICKEL. It is not mine, and I am not
aware of any.
? The CHAIRMAN. You do not know about it.
Western influence on South Vietnamese
culture
There was a recent publication in the Viet-
nam Embassy here in Washington which con-
tains an article on what is happening to Viet-
namese culture. This is from a statement of
the Minister of Culture on which I would
like to have you comment. It says and I
Vote:
"Few of these young city people know
much about their own culture except for the
well-known festival such as Tet or the Mid-
Autumn Festival," says the scholar versed
in eastern and Western cultures. "It is not
that they don't care. But access to western
ways is easier than access to traditional Viet-
namese culture. * ""
Radio and television are the media mainly
responsible for the changes. As a Saigon
University coed says, "Probably 80 percent
or even more of the young people in Saigon
prefer western music and art. We like the
music especially. Few of us understand our
own culture, mainly because we have never
had the opportunity to study its features.
But the western forms can be seen and heard
daily on the American forces radio and tele-
vision stations. And now even Vietnamese
radio and television have programs devoted
to western music."
Would you say that is an accurate descrip-
tion.Of what has taken place in Saigon?
Mr. NICKEL. Certainly access to Western
culture is there. The communications ex-
phision, I would say, Mr. Chairman, has had
its effect in Vietnam as elsewhere. The youth
of Vietnam like the youth of other countries
have been attracted by Western forms. On
the other hand, in the countryside of Viet-
nam, the Vietnamese cultural impact is very
pronounced and very visible. I would say
from my own view that the cultural problem,
the problem of cultural identity in Vietnam,
Is probably not much different from the prob-
lem of cultural identity that you find in most
developing nations today.
The CimaivfAx. Do you mean most devel-
oping nations or only those in which we have
a large presence?
Rit006004,2001434 will amend that to
say many developing nations. It is largely a
Approved For Release 2007/01/31 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600120013-5
darch, 29, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE S 3987
problem of what I call the communications
explosion.
The CHAIRMAN. 41 there any indigenous
competition in Saigon to the television and
radio systems which we have established?
1 Mr. NICKEL. Well, Mr. Chairman, on Viet-
namese television, I believe that probably
the most popular program offered during a
? week's schedule is a night devoted to Viet-
namese opera, which Is distinctly Vietnamese
In form and a very inherent part of their
- own cultural pattern. You find youngsters
' as well as elderly Vietnamese clustered
around the sets watching it.
Impact of U.S. presence on Vietnamese
culture
The CHAIRMAN. Do you think that the im-
pact of the U.S. presence in Vietnam on the
Vietnamese culture has been a favorable one?
Mr. NICKEL. I would answer that, Mr.
Chairman, by saying that whenever you in-
troduce a half million foreigners into a
country of a population of 17 million, there
are going to be dislocations and some of the
dislocations are going to be cultural.
The CHAIRMAN. Are you saying that the
presence of a half million soldiers is a greater
Influence than the presence of the USIA with
its great publications, its newspapers, maga-
zines, pamphlets, and posters? Which do you
think is the greater influence on the Viet-
namese culture?
Mr. NiCKEL. What I am saying, Mr. Chair-
man, is that the presence of a half million
foreigners in a nation of 17 Million people
is bound to have some impact, some cultural
impact.
The CHAIRIVIAN. Supposing you did not have
any USIA, do you think there would be a
great impact if the foreigners were engaged
primarily in fighting out in the rice paddies?
?All I mean is that It seems to me you prob-
ably are responsible for a greater part of the
impact than the soldiers. ?
Mr. NICKEL. I would not discount the ef-
fect of the presence of a half million people.
The Cnannurix. I am ont discounting it.
I do not suppose there are any easy criteria
by Which We can measure that.
Mr. Nickel, it is getting late. I must say,
outside of those areas in which you have
been instructed not to answer my questions,
you have been very forthcoming and I think
it has been a very interesting hearing. It
seems to me that you have demonstrated
beyond a doubt that the presence of the
Americans is overwhelming. It has almost
submerged the indigenous traditions and
culture, at least in Saigon, although not in
some of the remote areas where I suppose it
is different. But I hardly know how they
could resist it and maybe that is a good
thing. I da not know. I guess that is for his-
tory to determine.
I appreciate very much you and your col-
leagues coming here to the committee.
Questions on U.S. Information Agency Polls
We will take up with your superiors the
question of whether or not we are entitled to
the information about polls. I must say it
is hard for me to find a justification for
secrets in an agency for Information created
and paid for by the American people. I
thought it was to instruct everyone. When.
we ask you what you are doing, it seems to
iine it is a little incongruous for you to say,
that." "We can't tell you about at." We expect
that from something like the liijil, but I was
a little surprised to have it coming from an
information agency. I had not thought of it
n that connection, but I realize you are not
the policymaker nor the highest responsible
official and I do not criticize you for it. If
you have been told to do that, I do not want
you to cut your own throat out in the open
here before the committee. We will talk to
Mr. Shakespeare about It or someone else
In his agency.
Thank you very much, Mr. Nickel.
Mr. Nfoxr.t,, Thank you Tay much. '
Approved For
(Whereupon, at 1:15 p.m., the committee
adjourned, subject to the call of the Chair.)
? (The following are answers by the U.S. In-
formation Agency to additional committee
questions:1
USIA REPLIES TO SENATE FOREIGN RELATIONS
COMMITTEE STAFF QUESTIONS
1. What is the current USIA policy with
regard to having in its libraries in Viet Nam
books that are critical of U.S. policy in Viet-
Nam? Would you name some of the books
currently stocked that are critical of U.S.
Policy?
The U.S. Ihformation Agency's policy with
regard to critical books in Vietnamese libra-
ries is one of presenting the issues, both pro
and con, to interested readers.
Some typical titles on this subject in-
clude the following: J. W. Fulbright, The
Arrogance of Power (English and French
editions) ; and Robert Shaplen, The Lost Re-
volution. In addition the libraries have bal-
anced collections of periodicals, many of
which regularly have contents critical of
U.S. policy, including New Republic, Nation,
Harpers, Look, Life, Foreign Affairs, News-
week, Time, Saturday Review, Asian Survey,
New York Times Magazine,- and the New
Yorker.
2. Have any films produced by the Viet-
namese Government been brought to the
United States for showing? If so, provide the
details.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has sent
the following GVN-produced 16 mm films
to the erVN's Embassy in Washington and to
the GVN's permanent observer to the United
Nations since January 1969:
Title
GVN Observer
Language Embassy to U N
"Carnage at 'Hue" 1 English 1 print 1 print.
"Viet-liana News Maga- _do 2 prints.. . 2 prints.
zine."
"Love and Hatred" do 3 prints__ . None.
"Viet-Nare Fights and Vietnamese 1 print None.
Builds."
"Back to the Father- AO Nose ,. 1 print.
land."
I
in addition, approximately 28 prints of "Massacre at Hue,"
which is the some as "Carnage at litre," were sent by the GVN
to various U.S. civilian groups at the latter's request.
3. (a) Have there been any studies made of
the relative effectiveness of GVN and Viet
Cony political propaganda? (b) If so, what do
they show as to the effectiveness of the
various methods of propaganda used by each?
There is no record of any comparative
studies. Typical Viet Cong propaganda stud-
ies report themes but no comparative eval-
uation.
4. How many TV sets are there in Viet-
Nam-in Vietnamese hands? -How many are
owned by the Vietnamese Government? How
many were paid for by the United States?
The GVN estimates tqat there are 300,000
'television sets in use by the Vietnamese. The
GVN owns 4,832 sets, of which 4,582 were
USG-funded-1,082 for the Republic of Viet-
Nam's Armed Forces cRVNAF), and 3,500 for
the Ministry of Information's community
viewing programs
5. How many TV crews does the USIA oper-
ate in. Viet-Nam? What use is made of their
production?
USIA does not have any TV crews in Viet-
Nam. JUSPAO, however, does have six mo-
tion picture camehmen on its payroll, and
they are available to produce materials for a
TV clip service. Since January 1, 1969, SUS-
PAO has produced 108 TV clips for distri-
bution to USIS posts in 36 countries, When
clips are considered to have application to
Vietnamese audiences, they are offered to
Vietnamese TV. .
6. (a) How does the number of personnel
now attached to 'the (1) USIA, (2) JUSPAO
compare with a year ago? How many will
there be a year from now?
1969
1970
Estimate,
1971
(1) Personnel-USIA element;
American civilians
1130
599
e 88
Local and 3d country
nationals
4997
I 347
5 347
Total
527
446
435
(2) Personnel-JUSPAO:
American civilians
*132
101
*90
Local and 3d country
nationals 7
397
347
347
American military personnel
118
107
107
Total
647
555
544
(3) Personnel-Military psychologi-
cal operations ? ?
996
811
(11)
'Includes 30 AID-funded, 6 DOD-funded, and 2 VOA-attached
officers.
Includes 24 AID-funded, 2009-funded, sail VOA-attached
Officers.
s Includes 14 AID-funded and 2 DOD-funded officers,
4 includes 133 AID-funded personnel.
5 Includes 117 AID-funded personnel,
5 Includes USIA element and 2 MACV civilians.
7 USIA element.
- 11971 personnel level Is still in the planning stage where
some reduction Is being considered.
6. (b) What percentage of all USIA per-
sonnel overseas are in Viet-Nam?
5.04 percent of all USIA American and local
ov,erseas personnel are in Viet-Nam.
6. (0) How many JUSPAO employees are
in Saigon and how many are in the field?
Of the total of 555 personnel, 389 are in
Saigon and 166 in the field:
Saigon Field
American civilians 78 23
American military personnel 34 73
Local and 3d country nationals 277 79
Total 389 166
7, Is the USIA consulted regularly con-
cerning future military operations, With a
view to obtaining its assessment of the el-
feet of such operations on Vietnamese
attitudes?
In Saigon, the Director of JUSPAO as a
member of the Mission Council haa the op-
portunity to advise the Ambassador and
fellow Mission Council members of possible
effects on Vietnamese attitudes of Warmed
general and specific military actions.
8. The information booklet entitled
"JUSPAO Viet-Nam" states that "It (JUS-
PAO) also produces for field use leaflets, pam-
phlets, newspaper articles and photographs,
posters, magazines, loudspeaker tapes, mo-
tion pictures, and radio and television pro-
grams. These items are variously distributed
by hand, disseminated from airplanes or
broadcast by the GVN, the U.S., and other
free world nations."
8. (a) What was the total number of pieces
printed or produced last year for each of
these categoies? What is planned for this
year? Next year?
Category
Estimate-
1969 1970 " 1971
Leaflets 36, 000, 000 10, 000, 000 5,900, 000
Pamphlets I 3, 500, 003 3, 000, 000 1, 5011, 000
Newspaper articles 6,000 1,600 3,000
Photographs 66, 000 36, 000 36, 000
P ? sters 17, 800, 000 8, 000, 800 6, 000, 000
Magazines 19, 909, 000 9, 600, 000 7, 800, 000
Loudspeaker tapes 11,819 7,350 None
Motion picture prints 655 600
Radio programs 1; 271 1,048 450
Television programss 27 72. None
The estimates provided In the Mar, 19, 1970, testimony
were based on volume of US, support for the GWi printed
media program,
JilSPAO provided scripts and culture-drama team support to
Neiasel Vidlibitr.tiAltf5P2riBedititrttio0600120013-5
?
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S 3988 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE march, 29, 1971
8. (b) Do these totals include the propa-
ganda materials put out by the U.S. military
forces? If not, how much did the military
? produce last year? Where are these materials
printed?
Military production, for which JUSPAO is
not responsible, last year included:
Category Quantity Where produced
Leaflets 7.8 billion I.... 7th Psy0P Group, Okinawa,
Do 2.4 billion lb._ 4th Psy0p Group, Vietnam.
Pamphlets 0.5 million._ 7th Psy0p Group, Okinawa.
Newspaper Not
articles. ? applicable.
Photographs do
Posters 15.8 million... 4th Psy0p Group, Vietnam.
Magazines 1.9 million.... 7th Psy0p Group, Okinawa.
Loudspeaker 1,327 4th Psy0p Group, Vietnam.
tapes.
Motion picture Nut
prints. applicable. .
Radio programs.. 208 7th Psy0p Group, Okinawa,
Television pro- Not
grams. applicable.
The estimate provided in the Mar. 19, 1970, testimony was
based on GVN, not United States military publication programs.
8. (c) Does JUSPAO print materials of the
Vietnamese government? How much of the
GVN printed propaganda is printed in its
own plants?
It Is estimated that during FY 1970, ap-
proximately 70 percent of JTJSPAO's printing
output provides information support to GVN
programs. Of the GVN's total support re-
quirements, JUSPAO estimates that the GVN
produces about 46 percent of the materials.
8. (d) Does JUSPAO produce materials for
use by the Korean and Thai forces in Viet-
Nam? Has it ever produced any materials
relating to allegations of Korean atrocities
against civilians?
JUSPAO does not regularly produce ma-
terials for use by Korean and Thai forces.
However, records list the following printed
products:
Category
Date Quantity How used
Two posters In Vietnamese 1968
Paper flags, ROK, GVN, and United States 1968
Booklet, In Korean , 1969
Poster, In Vietnamese 1968
30;000 By Koreans troops.
12, 000 Do.
15, 000 By Korean troops Involved In the Gillet' Hol program,
50, 000 By Vietnamese Information Service to reveal Thai assistance to
Vietnam.
JUSPAO has not produced any materials
relating to allegations of Korean atrocities.
8. (e) How many publications, in English,
concerning Viet-Nam have been produced by
USIA and are currently in stock? Please pro-
vide copies of these publications, informa-
tion on the distribution and the cost of each.
USIA has one such publication in stock,
"Vietnamizing the Search for Peace," printed
in 20,000 copies of which 19,270 were distrib-
uted to 13 USIS posts in East and South
Asia, and the remaining 280 copies held in
stock. In addition, JUSPAO has one English-
language publication in stock, "Viet-Nam
1970," printed for the OVN in 20,000 copies
by the Regional Production Center, Manila,
Distribution was made to the GVN Ministry
of Foreign Affairs and 29 GVN diplomatic
posts (excluding Washington), 11,800; GVN
Ministry of Information, 6,500; 29 USIS posts
where there are GVN diplomatic posts, 475
for information; RSO reserve stock, 1,000;
JUSPAO reserve stock, 225.
Cost of "Vietnamizing the Search for
Peace" is .7 cents per copy, and "Viet-Nam
1970" is 20 cents per copy.
8. (f) How many of these publications do
not bear the USIA imprint? Why?
"Viet-Nam 1970" does not bear the USIA
imprint but rather that of the GVN Ministry
of Information. The publication was origi-
nally published in Vietnamese (100,000
copies) at the GVN's request for GVN use;
the subsequent English language verision was
likewise printed for GVN use.
9. (a) What facilities does the Armed
Forces Radio and Television Network main-
rain in Viet-Nam?
lin kilowatts]
?adio/ Radio/ Television/
Location AM power FM power ER power
Quang Trl 1 40
Danang 10 25 40
, Chu Lal 1 40
Pleiku 10 25 40
Qui Nhon 10 25 40
Tuy Hoe 40
Ohs Trang 10 25 40
Saigon 50 100 240
Can Tho '1
Armed Forces TV stations average 12 hours
of daily operations. Three of the GVN TV sta-
tions average four hours daily; the fourth
station (Saigon) averages five hours.
9. (c) How many Vietnamese watch the
Armed Forces TV network compared with the
number who watch the GVN station?
A comparison has not been established.
? 10. (a) How much has been spent, or is
planned to be spent, by the USIA and other
U.S. agencies, to help build the physical
Plants for the GVN radio and television, film,
printing and other information programs?
Since 1909 and projected to the completion
of the current GVN projects, U.S. agencies
have spent or plan to spend the following
amounts: 4-station radio network, $8.8 mil-
lion; television network, $8.2 million; motion
picture center, '$2.5 million; inTormation
printing house, $234,000; other physical
plants, none.
10. (b) How much, has the GVN put up for
each of these categories?
Actual amounts earmarked for physical
plants for GVN media facilities are not iden-
tified per se in the GVN budget. However,
for the period since 1965, the following
monies, including those for any physical
plants, have been spent or earmarked for:
radio, $8.3 million; television, $4.2 million;
motion picture center, $2.7 million; informa-
tion printing house, $1.8 million; and Min-
istry of Information General Directories and
the Vietnamese Information Service, $47.6
million.
11. (a) What was the total amount spent
last year by the United States on all phases
of ,the information and psychological war.
fare program in Vietnam, including the costs
for al/ aspects of military psychological op-
erations? How mudh will be spent this year?
Nest year?
till millions of dollars]
Category
Joint U.S. Public Affairs Office coe.
trolled programs
U.S. military programs
11. (b) How much did the Vietnamese gov-
ernment spend on these programs last year?
How much, is planned for this year?
tin millions]
Estimate,
Category
1969
1970
$9.6
$10.7
'4.9
4.9
- -- --
24.6
14.5
Ministry of Information
RVNAF Pay War activities .
----
Total
I No detailed breakout of GVN funds expended for 1969 is
available. However, officials estimate that the amount is approxi-
mately the same as programed for the current year.
12. (a) How many U.S. personnel work
directly in or with GVN agencies concerned
with propaganda or information matters?
U.S. civilians U.S. military
JUSPAO 167 107
USMACV 167
Total 67 274
I This total Includes 16 NBC/1 contractual personnel.
12. (b) How many Americans work in the
GVN radio network?
Three JUSPAO advisors. In addition, there
is one technical advisor assigned to the
RVNAF radio branch.
How many Americans work in the GVN
television activities?
Sixteen contractual advisors (National
Broadcasting Company, Inc.) and three other
JUSPAO advisors. In addition, there is one
technical advisor assigned to the RVNAF tel-
evision branch.
How many Americans in GVN films?
Two JUSPAO advisors.
13. What is the purpose and scope of oper-
ation Of "psychological operations officers"
attached to U,63. advisory teams in the pro.,
vinces? How many are there?
They advise Vietnamese Information Serv-
ice (VIS) and Vietnamese Army political
warfare (PolWar) units in the provinces on
effective coordinated information/psycholog-
ical operations in support of national and
local Pacification and Development goals.
There are 34 civilians and military "psycho-
logical and military "psychological opera-
tions officers" attached to U.S. advisory
teams in the provinces to concentrate on
the functions of the GVN Civilian informa-
tion services; an additional 43 military offi-
cers serve as advisors to the GVN military
political warfare cadre.
14. What control, if any, does the USIA
have over the activities of the five Army tele-
vision camera crews operating in Viet Nam
that produce materials aimed at U.S. tele-
vision audiences?
None.
16. Have the Viet-Nam Information Serv-
ices and other Viet-Nam agencies dealing
with propaganda matters been receptive to
USIA advice?
They have been generally receptive to ad-
vice in program, training, and engineering
matters. Advice in administrative matters
has been less effective.
16. (a) How many meinbers of Viet-Nam's
National Assembly have come to the United
States in the last two years? How many have
? ? Estimate- had all or part of their expenses paid for by
1969 1970 1971 the United States?
During the Past 2 years, 3 Vietnamese sen-
ators and 42 deputies visited the United
States. Ten senators and 10 deputies traveled
13.3 12.1 9.7
14.6 10,7 in whole or in part at U.S. Government
I UHF translator, expense. Of these 20, six senators and five
Total 27.9 22.8 deputies were provided domestic travel ex-
TV station in opera
9. (b) How many laWariine_CFpree,s_ -_p_eri.sFs and per diem from the Department of
Fog-dwpascaggigat416codw Rama p go 5H in: 06064320,01a_awitations issued by
the operating hours for the GVN station? reduction is being considered. members of trio-U.S.-Congress.
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26
1 is amen by adding at the end thereof the following new
2 sentence: "The .ovisions of this section shall not apply to,
3 or affect in any maim ? permanent appropriations, trust
4
5 Lary or such agency as authorized by
funds, and other similar accom t administered by the Score-
6
If
ISSEMINATTON OF INFORMATION WITHIN UNITED STATES
.7 SEC. 4. The seeond sentence of section 501 of the
8 United States In o sation and EdUcational Exchange Act
9 of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1461) amended by striking out "press
10 release or radio script" and insert' o' in lieu thereof "infor-
11
major' shall not be disseminated within he United States,
12 its territories, or possessions, but".
13 RmsvacTioNs ON PREPARATION AND DISSEMINATION OF
14
As reported 151,5LJILT: Title y of the United States Information and
16 Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 14(ii) is
.17 amended by adding at the end thereof the following new
18 section:
19 "nEsno ctioN8
20 "SEC. 503. (a) In carrying out the provisions of this
21. Act or any other law, no Government agency shall, directly
22 or indirectly, prepare or assist in preparing for dissemination,
23 or disseminate, information of any kind for, on behalf of, or
24 in the name of any foreign government.
94proved41(Asg (MORN id : 416 2ligtio 6%1164A
INFORMATION ABROAD
2
U
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2
preparing, information for dissemination abroad, unless the
informatimi prepared by that agency, or with the assistance
of that agency, clearly indicates at the beginning of such
information the name of the Government agency so preparing
5 or assisting.
6 " (c) For purposes of this section, the dissemination of
7 information includes publication, broadcasting, and telecast-
ing of information."
9 1ITIE III UNITED STATES ARMS CONTROL AND
DISARMAMENT AGENCY
11 AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS
12
13
SEC. 3
Arms Control
The .second sentence of section 49 (a) . of the
ad Disarmament Act (22 U.S.C. 2589 (a) )
14 is amended by ins .ting iminediately after "$17,500,000,";
15 the following: ", and I the two fiscal years 1973 and 1974,
16
17
the sum of $31,995,000,
SEISMIC R 'SEARCH
18 SE?. 302, Section 49 (a) of th 'ArmS-Control and Di5-
19 armament Act (22 U.S.C. 2589 (a) )
amended by add-
?????
20 ing at the end thereof the following new sentence: "Not- ?
21. withstanding any other provision of law, $9,9, 000 of the.
- 22 amounts appropriated for fiscal year 1973 to out out this
23Act shall be obligated and expended only to 9onduet set lie
24 research." ?
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92n CONGRESS
2n SESSION
Calendar No. 724
S. 3526
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
MAY 17,1972 --
Ordered to lie on the table and to be printed
AMENDMENT
Intended to be proposed by Mr. BAKER to S. 3526, a bill to pro-
vide authorizations for certain agencies conducting the for-
eign relations of the United States, and for other purposes,
viz:
On page 26, line 15 strike out all of seotion 205.
Arndt. No. 1201
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AGENCY
Passed by SFRC
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Amendment to Section 205 of the
"Foreign Relations Authorization Act of 1972"
Page 26 line 16 - Page 27 line 11
RESTRICTIONS ON PREPA.RATION AND DISSEMINATION
OF INFORMATION ABROAD
SEC. 205. Title V of the United States Information and Educational
Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S. C. 1461) is amended by adding at the end
thereof the following new section:
"RESTRICTIONS
"SEC. 503. (a) In carrying out the provisions of this Act-e-r?y-o-the-r-
.law7 no Government a.genCy shall, directly or indirectly, prepare or assist
^
in preparing for dissemination, or disseminate information of any kind
for, on.behalf of, or in the name of any foreign government.
'(13) No Government agency shall prepare, or assist in preparing
lode r the authority of this Act.
information, for dissemination abroad,/ unless the information prepared
by that agency, or with the assistance of that agency, clearly indicates at ?
the beginning of such information tlfe name of he Government agency so
preparing or assisting.
"(c) For purposes of this section,, the dissemination of information
includes publication, broadcasting, and telecasting of information. "
?
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"
?
AGEN,CY and
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"Foreign Relations Authorization Act of 19IZ
Page 26 line 16 - Page 27 line 11
RESTRICTIONS ON PREPARATION AND DISSEMINATION.
OF INFORMATION ABROAD
SEC. 205. Title V of the United States Information and Educational
Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S. C. 1461) is amended by adding at the end
thereof the following new section:
"RESTRICTIONS
"SEC. 503. (a) No funds authorized under the provisions of this Act
shall be used, directly or indirectly, to prepare Or assist in preparing for
dissemination, or disseminate, information of any kind for, on behalf of,
or in the name o::! any foreign government.
"(b) No Government agency shall prepare under the authority of this
i
Act information for dissemination abroad unless the ipformatiort prepared
by that agency clearly inaicates the name of the. Government agency so
preparing. (No Government agency shall assist in preparing under the
authority of this Act information for dissemination abroad unless such
jsistallag clearly indicates the name of the Government agency so assisting.
"(c) For purposes of this section, the dissemination of information
includes publication, broadcasting, and telecasting of information. [It does
not include distribution of materials acquired from the U.S. private sector,
such as privately-produced books and films used or distributed by information
)centers abroad. "
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RESTRICTIONS ON PREPARATION AND DISSEMINATION
OF INFORMATION ABROAD - S. 3526
Section 205 amends the United States Information and Educational
Exchange Act of 1948 which is permanent legislation pertaining to the
responsibilities of the United States Information Agency for carrying out
international information activities. According to the committee report,
the purpose of the 1948 Act is to inform the people of other countries about
the United States. This is in line with the purpose clause of the 1948 Act
which is "to promote better understanding of the United States among the
peoples of the world and... strengthen cooperative international relations."
The principal purpose of section 205 as I understand it is to more
closely conform usal s information work overseas to the objectives of the
1948 Act through certain restrictions on the preparation and dissemination
of information abroad. I defer to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
which has legislative jurisdiction over the operations of USIA on whether
such statutory guidance is necessary or desirable.
My concern is that section 205 applies not only to the 1948 Act, which
it amends, but also to "any other law." Further, it applies not only to
USIA, which carries out the responsibilities of the 1948 Act, but to all other
Government agencies as well. As a consequence, section 205 prohibits any
Federal agency from directly or indirectly preparing or assisting in preparing
for dissemination, or disseminating, information of any kind for, on behalf of,
or in the name of any foreign government. In addition, section 205 prohibits
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any assistance "financial, technical or otherwise" in preparing information
for distribution abroad unless the information is attributed to the Federal
agency involved.
The sweeping language of section 205 would either prohibit or seriously
impair the further dissemination of information which is now routinely passed
between Federal agencies and foreign public and private agencies to serve
mutual interests affecting health, welfare, commerce and security. These
interests go beyond the program responsibilities of the USIA and beyond the
purposes of the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act which
is "to inform the people of other countries about the United States."
In reaching beyond the informational charter of USIA, section 205 would
prohibit or impair the further dissemination of information dealing with:
a. Narcotics
Section 205 would prohibit dissemination of information to foreign
public agencies for further dissemination of information concerning
detection, controls, seizures and prosecutions which have a direct
impact on our domestic drug problem. Further, Federal agencies
would be prohibited from disseminating information received from a
foreign country for the purpose of apprehending or extraditing for that
foreign country a fugitive drug pusher who has sought refuge in the
United States. It would seem that such a prohibition would also be
contrary to treaty obligations.
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b. Population Control
Section 205 would also prohibit the dissemination of information
to foreign public agencies and impair the use of information by foreign
private agencies concerning methods to achieve planned population
growth and advanced methods of curtailing uncontrolled birth rates.
C. Police Matters
Section 205 would prohibit the dissemination of information to
foreign police agencies for further dissemination concerning inter-
national crimes and criminals, extradition matters, .and-la,w
enforcement techniques. Such prohibition would also appear to be
an abrogation'of U.S. treaty responsibilities.
d. ,Ecology
Section 205 would prohibit' the dissemination of information to
foreign public agencies for 'further dissemination concerning violations
of environmental protective agreements, management of natural
resources development, and techniques to help minimize or redress
ecological damage.
e. Education, Including Peace Corps Contributions
Section 205 would pie-'ohibirt the dissemination of information to
foreign public agencies for further dissemination and impair the
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dissemination of information to foreign private agencies which
are designed to improve the effectiveness of educational systems.
f. Health
Section 205 would prohibit the dissemination of information to
foreign public agencies for further, dissemination concerning inter-
national health problems, epidemics and other indigenous health
problems in foreign countries, and the overall use and development
of medicines and techniques in improving the health of populations.
g. Commerce
Section 205 would prohibit the United States Travel Service from
providing information to foreign public agencies and impair its
effectiveness with foreign private agencies for the further dissemina-
tion of information, materials, texts, photos designed to encourage
travel to the United States.
h. Ad nauseum (note)
(There are a number of other illustrations falling in such diverse
areas as national defense planning, disarmament goals, atomic
energy, military aid, insurgency situations, agricultural trade fairs,,
international money matters, and international law which cam be
developed and included.)
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I doubt very much that the sweeping language used in section 205
would have been favorably reported by the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee had the points I have touched upon been covered in hearings
before that Committee when this legislation was being considered. I am
unaware of the depth of the Committee's hearings on this matter.
Clearly, section 205 goes beyond the scope of S. 3526, which I under-
stand to be primarily an authorization measure for the Department of State
and USIA. Clearly, it goes beyond the program responsibilities of USIA.
Moreover, the ramifications of section 205, as I have illustrated, are
clearly outside the purview of the Information and Educational Exchange Act.
The amendment I have proposed to section 205 I believe is consistent
with the legislative activities of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and
properly confines the informational restrictions of the section to those
carried out under the authority of the United States Information and Educa-
tional Exchange Act of 1948.
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