LET'S DEMAND THIS NEW WEAPON FOR DEMOCRACY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000600090037-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 30, 2006
• Sequence Number: 37
• Publication Date: April 25, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

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QDIX April 25
It is carried in the current issue-May-
of the Digest.
This article tells an inspiring story of
the dedication of a handful of Amer-
icans who so deeply believe in their
country and its freedoms that they have
devoted more than a decade of their pri-
vate time to work for an idea which may
well spell the difference in the struggle
between freedom and totalitarianism.
Mr. Speaker, keeping in mind the fact
that hearings on this important bill are
to soon start, I earnestly commend the
attention of my colleagues to this article
and to the Freedom Academy.
I think after you have read this article
your interest will be such that you will
4want to learn more about this important
proposal which may well be presented to
the House later this year after it receives
the careful and earnest attention of the
Members of the other body. Mr.
Speaker, I request permission to have
this article placed in the RECORD at this
point.
The article follows:
[From the Reader's Digest, May 1963]
LET'S DEMAND THIS NEW WEAPON FOR
DEMOCRACY
(By Eugene H. Methvin)
Let's Demand This New Weapon for
Democracy
HON. E. Y. BERRY
OF SOUTH DAKOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, April 25, 1963
Mr. BERRY. Mr. Speaker, at the first
of next week, beginning on Monday,,
April 29, according to a notice I have
read, the Senate Committee on Foreign
Relations will hold hearings on a bill
jointly sponsored by 13 Senators.
This measure is the Freedom Academy
bill, S. 414, to establish a comprehensive
cold war training institution.
Discussion of the Freedom Academy
.proposal is not new to this body. On a
previous occasion, in August of 1959,
this bill was adopted by the Senate.
However, this was as far as this bill
advanced. No action was achieved in
the House, and the bill died.
Since that time, this measure has been
proposed to the Congress but has not had
the' benefit of further hearings, that is,
not until the forthcoming hearings get
underway next week.
And it is with these hearings in mind
that I would like to call to the attention
of my colleagues an excellent report de-
tailing how this Freedom Academy idea
came to be developed; how it grew from
the concern of a former paratroop com-
mander of World War II; and how it
came to the attention of a handful of
(For 13 years a group of private citizens
and legislators has battled to establish a
Freedom Academy for training leaders in
cold-war techniques. You will be inspired by
their dedicated efforts, dismayed by the
frustrations that still, incredibly, beset
them.)
Late one afternoon in March 1954, a lean
young man named Alan Grant walked into
the post office in Orlando, Fla., and stood
fingering a hefty brown envelope. He looked
at the address label with the boldly type-
written words "The White House, Washing-
ton, D.C.," and wondered whether anyone
would read what was inside. Then, with a
shrug, he dropped it into the box.
When the packet from Orlando was sorted
out from the mounds of White House mail
and routed to Brig. Gen. Robert T. Cutler,
Special Assistant to the President for Na-
tional Security Affairs, he looked skeptically
at the accompanying letter. Its letterhead
said unpretentiously: "The Orlando Com-
mittee." Yet as he read the encolsed 51-page
study, he began to get excited. Few ideas
as' fresh and stimulating as this Orlando
plan had ever come across Cutler's desk in
Washington.
With clarity and force it analyzed Moscow's
political warfare machine and, showed how
communism was assaulting freedom with an
arsenal of weapons perfected in 60 years of
revolutionary experience. Then in detail it
proposed a new counterweapon for democ-
racy: a national academy where top experts
could instruct free world representatives,
from labor leaders to diplomats, in Commu-
nist strategy and techniques. The goal: to
teach men and women how to defeat com-
munism's destructive tactics and how to
build strong free societies. This "Freedom
Academy," the proposal made clear, was to
be privately financed, but obviously it needed
official backing by Washington.
For 13 months Cutler had fought a losing
battle to overhaul our creaky cold war ma-
chinery and install more effective policies to
stop Moscow's many-sided offensive. Now he
was astounded to find grassroots Americans
laying a finger on the heart of complex prob-
by1Mr.rEu~ti'i fir~~e1~01`3~~,e~, 0600090037-7
of the Reader's Digest Washington staff. clearly analyzed a most important esnert -f
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Address by Hon. Thomas J. Dodd at
Opening of Theater on the Campus of
the University of Connecticut
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. THOMAS J. DODD
(.Y CONXTAU ICUT
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED S'L'ATES
Thursday, April 25, 1963
Mr. DODD. Mr. President. on April
17, 1 had the pleasure of participating in
ceremonies attending the opening of a
splendid new theater on the campus of
the University of Connecticut, the New
College Theater. This marked the first
naw theater opening in Connecticut in
more than 10 years and it provides an
outstanding entertainment facility for
the people of the university and the sur-
rounding area-
I ask unanimous consent to have
printed in the Appendix of the RECORD
the remarks which I made on that
occasion.
There being no objection, the remarks
were ordered to be printed in the REc-
ORD, as follows:
REMAalt$ OV Seam' a THOMAS J. DODD AT r e
OPENING CEREMONIES Or THE Naw COLLEna
TasArra UNI%ERstST OF CONNaCTSCVT,
STnta . CONN., WEDNESDAY, APRIL 1?, 1963
I wish to thank the sponsors of these
opening ceremonies me Stanley Warner's New
College Theater, here on the beautiful cam-
pus of the University of Connecticut, for
inviting me to take part.
I understand ;hat this Is the first new
theater to be opened in Connecticut in more
then 10 years. so we have here something
of a gamble: a demonstration of the new
spirit of resurging confidence In an Industry
which has had zts growing pains in recent
years.
Up to tonight, this fine ediflce has been
just a building, a splendid building to be
sure, but still nitre stone, Steel and mortar.
Henceforth, however, it will somehow take
on a new dimension and become Interwoven
into the lives and minds and Imaginations
of its patrons in a way that Is diifleult to
dc.,crtbe or asseis.
I try to think of what the local moving
picture theater meant to me when I was a boy
growing up not far from here In Norwich, and
what the theater has meant to me III other
places.
I think first of the hours of vicarious ad-
venture, of the fascinating took at distant
worlds, of the glimpse of the infinite variety
of man's experience which so excited the
imagination and stretched the horizons of
the mind.
I think of the violent emotions so readily
conjured up by the artistry of the screen;
joy, sadness, Indignation, Inspiration, con-
tempt, adulation.
recapi.ure for i Drlef nou.
our childhood, with all Its fears and all its
limitless horizons; and to feel with a new
immediacy and compassion the chords which
link us to other men and to other times.
The motion picture is at once a distinct
and sophisticated art form, and, as well, the
popular art of the American people. As we
view the development of this art, we learn
something about a free society, something of
alarm and something of hope.
In movies, as in all other aspects of a free
society, we see the conflict between arti-
ficiality and artistry: between the shoddy and
the substantial; between the tinsel and
the true: between the shallow and the sub-
lime,
For art. like politics, like economics, is an-
other testing ground upon which the free
way of life must prove itself.
We believe in the free system. We believe
that men and women possess that divine
spark which the fuel of free inquiry and
free interchange of thought will ignite and
cause to burn ever brighter.
We believe in the competition of ideas
rather than in the censorship of ideas, and
we are willing to accept much that is cheap
and shoddy because we hold that over the
decades a free people, seeing the contrast be-
tween the bad and the good, will not only in
large measure reject the bad, to which the
would be censor rightly objects, but will also
go far beyond that and will come to insist
upon a level of artand of truth higher than
that which the mere censor could perceive or
attain to.
This is the heart of our national, creed
and tonight, in n small way, we pay tribute
to that creed by'celebrating the opening of
a new forum of free expression, as well as
a center of entertainment for the people in
this area.
And so I we this opening of the College
Theater at the University of Connecticut as
a notable occasion.
I am grateful for the opportunity to be
Ofttimes, of course, the objects of these here and I wish each of you the first of
emotions were unworthy; the distance worlds many, many, memorable evenings within its
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
A2491
the Soviet threat," Cutler said. Would the military conflict, just as we train military think up is to ask it to confess its own
Orlando Committee send a representative to men in the arts of conventional war at the shortcomings."
Washington to explain the Freedom Academy service academies and advanced war col- Weeks dragged by until August 20, 1954.
plan to a selected group of Government offi- leges? On October 3, 1952, Grant made a Another letter bearing the White House seal
cials? speech tothe junior chamber of commerce in arrived in the morning mail. Grant tore
Would they. Sanford, Fla., proposing such a school-a open the envelope. His eyes widened in dis-
For more than 3 years they had worked Freedom Academy. belief. "You are aware, I am sure, that ideas
constantly-studying, researching and form- "Military weapons are not enough," Grant of this nature sometimes generate a wide
ulating the Freedom Academy concept. Now said. "Man is the utlimate weapon-and, divergence of opinion within Government
at last they, ordinary smalltown Americans nobody understood it better than Lenin. circles," said Operations, Coordinating Board
concerned about their country's future, were When the and his followers captured Russia, Executive Officer Elmer Staats. "The vari-
to have a hearing in the Nation's highest they immediately established a training sys- ante of opinion with respect to your plan pro-
councils, tem that today numbers 6,000. special schools hibits any concerted effort" by the Govern-
The Orlando plan had a modest beginning in the tactics of espionage, subversion, infll- ment.
back in September 1950. Alan Grant, then a tration, agitation, and propaganda. Today But as Grant and his group reeled from
28-year-old attorney just months out of Har- graduates of these schools staff 75 Commu- this brushoff, an astounding thing happened.
vard Law School paid a visit to Orlando's nist Parties throughout the non-Communist A delegation of Pentagon and National Se-
high school principal, Joseph Boone, and world. curity Council officials, indignant over the
asked him if his school was giving its stu- "But where," he asked, "can a young Afri- rejection of the plan, flew to Orlando.
dents any courses about communism and its can, Asian, or Latin American learn how to Grant's team learned that the rejection let-
techniques. "I'm afraid we aren't teaching organize a democratic political party or la- ter had actually been written by senior State
a thing on communism," Boone replied. bor union, draw up and execute effective so- Department officers who had blocked a fa-
"Why do you ask?" cial reforms and fight back against the dis- vorable recommendation by persuading
Grant explained that before he became a ruptive tactics of the trained Communist Staats to reject the plan.
World War II paratroop commander, he had professionals? Worse yet, there is nowhere "Don't quit now," the Orlandans were told.
organized and taught a course in guerrilla our own officials and students can go for a Heartened, the Orlando Committee launched
warfare at Harvard based on writings of Mao thorough course in the tactics of commu- an alternate attack. They wrote 160 organ-
Tse-tung, then an obscure Communist guer_ nism, let alone the sophisticated techniques izations and prominent people, representing
rilla. This experience had taught Grant to for defeating it." - many viewpoints, who had shown respon-
respect the tactics and leadership if not the Grant's idea struck his listeners as so ur- sible interest in cold-war problems, appeal-
principles the Communists were applying gent that his friends pressed him to de- ing for help. The response was overwhelm-
around the world. As he watched their velop it, and volunteered to help. He as- ing, particularly from the academic world,
progress after World War II in Czechoslo- sembled a four-man team; for 18 months and in the spring of 1955 it looked as if the
vakia, China and elsewhere, he grew more they labored putting together the 51-page Freedom Academy might open for the fall
worried. Now, in 1950, every day's headlines study that so impressed General Cutler. term.
carried news of U.S. soldiers dying in Korea When Grant arrived in Washington on July Then came a shattering blow. President
to keep Red armies from pushing them into 22, he went to the headquarters of the Opera- Eisenhower announced he 'would meet with
the sea. tions Coordinating Board across from the Stalin's successors, and the euphoric "Spirit
"It looks as if we're in for a long-term White House. In the second floor conference of Geneva" enveloped the Nation. The word
struggle with communism," Grant said, room, seated around a long table, the 25 top went out from Washington: 'Stop all activity
"Don't you think we ought to be teaching officials Cutler had called together from the that might irritate the Communists. Sud-
our young citizens what they're up against?" Pentagon, State Department and other' cold denly prospective financial support for the
Boone agreed. So Grant persuaded the war agencies greeted Grant stiffly and ex- Freedom Academy disappeared.
school board to sponsor a series of "Know tolled his "patriotism" and "interest" in com- In 1958 the Red-managed stoning of Vice
Your Enemy" lectures. Next he hand-picked ing to Washington to "help." Grant sensed President Nixon in South America jolted
17 young lawyers, businessmen and educa- a patronizing attitude. the Nation. New members poined the Or-
tors as speakers. But before any public Undaunted, he gave them the details about lando Committee, and Grant tried again, this
announcement was made, he resolved, they the proposed Freedom Academy. The Or- time through Congress. In 1959 Representa-
must all know absolutely what they were lando Committee's thorough study, Grant tive A. SYDNEY HERLONG, Democrat of Florida,
talking about. explained, convinced them the program must introduced legislation to establish a Free-
For 6 months he and - his recruits met encompass two levels. One would give ca- dom Academy. Representative Walter Judd,
nightly in Grant's cluttered law office. Di- reer officials in Government 2 full years of Republican of Minnesota, enthusiastically
viding themselves into five research teams, training in cold war strategy through ad- cosponsored the bill. On the Senate side
they pored over case histories of Communist vanced study of democratic methods and KARL MUNDT and PAUL DOUGLAS enlisted a
coups, analysed Red riots, strikes, and guer- Communist tactics. The other would brace dozen cosponsors for a comparable hill.
rills movements. Each man had to read 15 up democratic anti-Communist defenses out- All Orlando pitched in to launch a na-
to 50 carefully selected books on Communist side of Government, by offering basic short tional drive. Letters from the Orlando
strategy, history, party organization, recruit- courses to labor leaders, journalists, agricul- Committee for a Freedom Academy went
ing, and training methods. Finally, in Feb- tural technicians, civic and school leaders, to every one of the Nation's 1,745 daily news-
ruary 1951, Grant felt ready to unveil the from the United States and abroad, papers. Members of the Orlando l usifiess
program to Orlando's high school students. When Grant finished, he felt hostility in and Professional Women's Club wrote and
What they received was one of the most com- the questions that followed. "Won't for- phoned other clubs across the Nation, and
prehensive presentations on communism to eign governments resent the idea of their brought their national officers to Orlando
be found anywhere in the country, citizens being trained in a school run by the for briefings. Result: the national federa-
At one point in the lectures the speaker United States?" one official objected. tion, representing approximately 175,000
assigned to cover Lenin's life was called out "Dozens of nations have been sending their members in all States, endorsed the bill.
of town. Grant lined up a University of own citizens into Annapolis and West Point The Orlando Jaycees won national endorse-
Florida political science professor to pinch- for years," Grant replied. "We also have ment of the U.S. Junior Chamber of Com-
hit. To everyone's dismay, after only a few 7,500 foreign students from 70 countries in merce convention representing 50 States
words about Lenin, the professor launched our numerous nonmilitary schools right now, and 215,000 members. The national AFL-
into a flagwaving speech full of emotion but and they'd send more if we'd let them." CIO added its backing. Support for a Free-
empty of information. When he finished, he "But Soviet propaganda is bound to brand dom Academy swelled across the Nation.
apologized to Alan. "I sat down last night this. as an 'imperialistic plot' for training One Friday early in June 1959 the news hit
to write my speech and after three sentences spies," said another. Orlando that the Senate Judiciary Commit-
realized I'd run out of gas. I hate to admit "They tried to do the same thing to the tee would hold hearings on the Freedom
I know so little about the most influential Marshall plan and it didn't stop us," said Academy bill with several other anti-Corn-
political leader of the 20th. century." Alan. "I don't think the time has come munist measures. By the following Mon-
Grant was appalled. Like most Americans, when we must give Communist propagandist day morning Grant and his team had such
he had always assumed the universities were a veto power over the U.S. Government, do an imposing array of witnesses waiting to
centers of expertise about such vital matters you?" testify that the Senators set aside 3 days
as the history and techniques of commu- For 4 hours the questioning continued. for hearings on the Academy alone.
nism. But on investigation he was shocked After the meeting one intelligence official, The Senate overwhelmingly passed the
to find the Nation's entire educational sys- Dr. Stefan T. Possony, an internationally bill on August 31, 1960. Then, tragically,
tem being run as if the Communist chal- known authority on psychological warfare, late in the session it bogged down in the
lenge did not exist. He could find only two introduced himself. "Mr. Grant, the Gov- House. This meant starting all over again
colleges in the United States that offered ernment will turn down your proposal, bril- with a new Congress in 1961.
even one course on Communist subversion liant as it is. Have you ever heard of that Meantime, behind the scenes, State De-
methods. obscure bureaucratic disease, NMH?" partment officials were trying to sell the
Slowly an idea began to crystallize in Grant admitted he had not. Idea that our cold war training was ade-
Grant's mind. Why not a school to train our "It's shorthand for 'not made here.' To quate. They answered citizens' letters urg-
people in unconventional warfare and non- ask an agency to adopt a new idea it didn't ing an Academy by claiming existing Fed-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- APPENDIX
eral and private institutions were doing the
job. But when pressed for evidence. State
admitted that one official who signed such
letters "doesn't know anything about the
bill."
With the new administration Installed in
Washington, the Orlando group redoubled
its efforts. Circumstances favored them,
for the New Frontier was soon facing dis-
maying cold war realities. When Attorney
General Robert Kennedy returned from a
trip around the world he reported, "In every
country well-organized and highly disci-
plined (Communist) cadres concentrate
their activities in universities, student bod-
ies, labor organizations and Intellectual
groups. Against this, as I saw repeatedly.
there is no one to question their positions.
their facts. There is no organization. There
is no cadre. There is no disciplined and Cal-
culated effort to present the other side. And
so it is that a small, able, and well-trained
unit can take over a meeting or an organiza-
tion or even a government."
Gradually, the vital need for the Orlando
plan gained -wider recognition. A Gallup
poll showed that.the American people sup-
ported the Freedom Academy bill 4 to 1.
In Latin America 17 liberal political parties
from 14 countries joined under leadership
of former Costa Rican President Jost Fig-
ueres and started an Institute of Political
Education at San Jose, Costs Rico. In May
1962 the Asian People's Anti-Communist
League. representing 21 nations. appealed to
Congress to pass the Freedom Academy bill
even as the League went ahead without U.S.
help to found Its own "Freedom Center" in
Seoul. Korea.
Finally President Kennedy appointed his
own White House Committee, beaded by Dr.
J. A. Perkins, now president of Cornell Uni-
versity, to look at the situation. Last Decem-
ber the White House reported its findings:
"Existing public programs of training, edu-
cation, and research in U.S. foreign affairs
fall dangerously below" what the country
should be doing and must be renovated by
creation of a "National Academy of Foreign
Affairs" Independent of any department.
paralleling the Orlando plan in significant
detail.
President Kennedy immediately accepted
the recommendation and promised to "move
forward with this basic Idea as soon as pos-
sible." Then the drafting of legislation was
turned over-to the State Department. Not
surprisingly, the draft finally sent to Con-
gress was a lame substitute for the Orlando
plan. It proposed to train primarily Govern-
ment career men in the same old conven-
tional diplomatic techniques.
Advocates of the Freedom Academy idea
are frankly dismayed by the State Depart-
ment substitute. The proposed Academy of
Foreign Affairs, they argue, makes no solid
provision for developing the whole new range
of policy tools, governmental and nongovern-
mental, nor for training non-American
spcialists for the common struggle, as orig-
inally envisioned. The State Department
plan, they believe, might well kill the chance
of establishing a genuine graduate level
"West Point" of political and psychological
warfare. Some critics, indeed, charge that
official opposition to the Freedom Academy
reflects policies geared to stalemating the cold
war rather than winning it.
Despite covert State Department efforts
to dissuade them, the original sponsors,
eight Republican and five Democratic Sen-
ators,' have therefore introduced their own
Republicans MuNDr of South Dakota,
FONG of Hawaii. GOLDWATER of Arizona,
IIICKENLOOPER and MILLER Of IOWA. KEATING
.)f New York. Sco'I'r of Pennsylvania, and
CASE of New Jersey; Democrats DOnD of Con-
necticut, LAUSCHE of Ohio, PROEMIRE of Wis-
consin. SMATHERS of Florida, and DOUGLAS Of
P'inols.
Freedom Academy bill again. "With White
House backing. some plan for a cold war re-
search and training program may be enacted
at long last." says Senator DoDD. "At stake
is whether Congress will shape the legislation
so that the new Institution will actually
pioneer new democratic methods for defeat-
ing communism and strengthening freedom,
or whether it will be watered down into a
propaganda center for more foreign aid and
conventional method-."
Today, thanks to the sacrifice, bold think-
Ing, and unremitting efforts of Grant and his
Orlando colleagues, the Nation is vastly more
alert to the education gap in the free world's
cold war defenses- Their dedication is heart-
ening r.inforcement to the sagging principle
that individual citizens can and must par-
ticipate In the vital process of government.
even in the face of overwhelming odds and a
massive and lethargic bureaucracy. Their
performance presents a clear challenge to
Congress and the American people to see that
the Freedom Academy opens Its doors, and
soon.
r:xTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HUGH SCOTT
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STA'T'ES
Thursday, April 23, 1963
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, on
March 19 of this year I had printed in
the RECORD a review of Mr. Arnold C.
Brackman's book "Indonesian Commu-
nism: A History." Public response to
Mr. Brackman's analysis of the history
of the Indonesian Communist Party has
been so favorable, that I would like to
draw the Senate's attention to another
review of this work. This review ap-
peared in the March 28, 1963, issue of
Reporter magazine and was written by
Denis Warner, an expert observer of
Indonesian affairs.
There is one portion of Mr. Warner's
review that is especially well worded:
April 25
karno's "guided democracy" is the negation
of everything Sjahrir believes in. Built ona
framework of meaningless slogans, It has
served primarily as a platform for Sukarno's
own demagogy. His regime, Mr. Brackman
finds, has been corrupt, demoralized, and
Inept. Such goals as the acquisition of Weft
New Guinea's worthless real estate have been
achieved only "at the cost of wrecking the
economy, snuffing out representative govern-
ment. trampling on civil liberties, mortgag-
Ing Indonesia's future to Soviet arms shl--
ments. and providing the Communist Part,'
with a rare opportunity to develop a bauc
of mass power in Indonesia."
In a decade the Indonesian Communist
Party has Increased its membership from
fewer than 8,000 to 2 million. What are its
chances of coming to power and turning
Indonesia Into the Cuba of southwest Asia?
As the Irdonesian Communists see it, the
chances are very good. In Mr. Brackman's
words, they were lifted to ecstatic heights by
Cuba. Time, they are now sure, is on their
side, and the process that has led to the
party's spectacular growth will also lead to
power. As the biggest and best organized
political party In Indonesia, with every
Island of consequence honeycombed with
cells and with front organizations control-
ling another 10 million, including 4 million
peasants, their chances might indeed seem
very good. But Mr. Brackman Is a qualified
optimist of the Sjahrir school. In the chaos
and the crumbling of guided democracy that
will follow Sukarno's death, either naturally
or by assassination, he believes the army,
not the Communists, will move into the void
and probably turn either to the Sultan of
Jogjakarta or to former Vice President Mo-
hammad Hatta, in either case with Sjahrir
quietly In the background, to restore repub-
lican unity and hope to the disillusioned
Indonesian people.
Yet with Gen. A. H. Nasution, the defense
minister, and General Jant. the army chief of
staff, now out-Sukarnoing Sukarno in the
dispute with Malaya over Malaysia and even
threatening a direct military Invasion of the
British Borneo territories. Mr. Brackman and
all other serious students of Indonesia must
be troubled by the growing irresponsibility
of the army leadership. Given their Rus-
slon weapons, the military now seem all too
anxious to get on with the job-any job.
Sukarno has not given up the front running
when it comes to expansionism; but jogging
The worst thing we can do now is to shore at his heels are that ill-matched pair, Nasu-
up Sukarno's regime. We have blundered tlon and Subandrlo, and, of course, the Com-
enough, and we shall compound our blunders munist leader, Aidtt A good many Western
if we help Sukarno recover from his self- hopes. Including Mr. Brackman's, have been
Inflicted economic wounds. shaken by the new ambitions Nasution, who
only a year ago dismissed Malaysia as of no
Mr. President, f ask unanimous con- concern to Indonesia but is now prepared
sent that the review containing this to go to war to destroy it.
timely warning be printed in the RECORD. This does not detract from the value of
There being no objection, the review Mr. Brackman's book, which is easily the
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, most Important on Indonesia since George
as follows: McTurnfi.n Kahin's "Nationalism and Rev-
olution in Indonesia" (1952). Communism
In any of Its forms presents the historical
(By Denis Warner) author with the most difficult of tasks, inas-
"Those poor Russians," said Su tan Sjahrir much as fact and what the Communists
when the first Significant deliveries of Soviet claim to be fact rarely bear any reltaion to
military equipment arrived in Indonesia each other. Over a period of many years,
20 months ago. "They could spend 10 per- however Mr. Brackman has sifted and
cent of their gross national product here for screened his material, and the result is an
the next 10 years and still not be sure of the admirable account not merely of the rise of
result." the Indonesian Communist Party but also
Sjahrir. a right-wing Socialist with a pro- of the far from happy history of Indonesia
found appreciation of democracy and per- through independence to the present day.
zonal liberty, emerged during the struggle for Mistaken Western policies and Sukarno's
independence between 1948 and 1949 as ambitious both contributed to the Commu-
Indonesia's ablest and most responsible posit- nist advance. But Sukarno has no intention
)cal leader. A measure of Indonesia's current of putting the Communists into power-
irresponsibility Is that Sjahrir and others like though he may do so by folly or miscalcula-
him are now Involuntary guests in Sukarno's tion, neither of which Mr. Brackman feels
political prisons. "They have no place Inour can be completely ruled out. As the self-
society," says Dr. Subandrio. now Foreign styled "Great leader of our revolution," he
Minister and Sukarno's choice as his heir. wants no competitors for the revolutionary
With this remark Sjahrir would agree. Su- leadership. The perpetual dilemma for the
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
INCLUSION OF DISTRICT OF CO-
LUMBIA TEMPORARY TEACHERS
IN HEALTH AND LIFE INSURANCE
PROGRAMS
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, tempo-
rary teachers employed by' the District
of Columbia Board of Education cannot
participate, as matters stand; in the
Health and Life Insurance programs
available to permanent employees. I am
informed that the reason for this situa-
tion is that the U.S. Civil Service Com-
mission, by regulation, has excluded all
employees in a temporary category.
I am informed that there is a high
percentage of teachers employed by the
Board of Education who are considered
temporary even though they may have
many years of service in the District of
Columbia school system. In my judg-
ment, it is desirable and equitable that
remedial legislation designed to afford
such employees an opportunity to par-
ticipate in the health and life insurance
programs open to other Federal and
District of Columbia employees, be
enacted.
Thus, I introduce for appropriate ref-
erence, a bill designed to include such
temporary teachers employed by the
Board of Education within the purview
of the health and life insurance programs
now available to permanent teachers em-
ployed by the District of Columbia Board
of Education. This legislation has the
endorsement of -the District of Columbia
Board of Commissioners. I ask unani-
mous consent that the bill be printed at
this point in my remarks.
The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will
be received and appropriately referred;
and, without objection, the bill. will be
printed at this point in the RECORD.
The bill (S. 1340) to amend the Fed-
eral Employees Health Benefits Act of
1959 so as to authorize certain teachers
employed by the Board of Education of
the District of Columbia to participate
in a health-benefits plan established
pursuant to such act and to amend the
Federal Employees' Group Life Insur-
ance Act of 1954 so as to extend insur-
ance coverage to such teachers; intro-
duced by Mr. MORSE, was received, read
twice by its title, referred to the Commit-
tee on Post Office and Civil Service, and
ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as
follows:
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress assembled, That section
3(a) of the Federal Employees Health Bene-
fits Act of 1959 (73 Stat. 710; 5 U.S.C. 3002
(a)) is amended by.striking out the period
at the end thereof and inserting in lieu 11 is hoped, Mr. Preident, that with sent that it may be printed in the RECORD.
thereof the following: ": Provided, That no the practice of our own steel producers There being no objection, the editorial
teacher in the employ of the Board of Eau- being beat completitively with the use of was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
cation of the District of Columbia, whose foreign steel in drums, pails, and like as follows:
salary is established by section 1 of the Dis- containers that these items should be
trict of Columbia Teachers' Salary Act of CANYONLANDS PARK
1955 (69 Stat. 521), asamended (sec. 31-160f, marked so that the general buying pub-
D.C. Code, 1961 edition), shall be excluded lie at least will know whether they are The outlook for creation of another mag-
nificent national park in the West has no-
on the basis of the fact that such teacher is purchasing a product made with for- tably improved with the current agreement
serving under a temporary appointment if eign steel or with domestic steel, within the Utah congressional delegation
such teacher has been so employed by such Mr. President, so that my distin- and among State officials. The park
Board for a period or periods totaling not less guished colleagues may have the oppor- would be located in what has come to be
than two school years." tunity to join with me in sponsorship of known as Canyonlands at the confluence of
SEc. 2. Section 2(a) of the Federal Em- this proposed legislation, I ask unani- the Green and Colorado Rivers in southeast-
ployees' Group Life Insurance Act of 1954 mows consent that the bill to lie on the ern Utah. This is one of the wildest and
(68 Stat. 736) as amended (5 U.S.C. 2091 most inaccessible areas in the United States,
(a)), is amended by striking out the period table until Friday, April 26, 1963. and the proposed park is said to be a wonder-
at the end thereof and inserting in lieu The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will land that, cannot be matched by any Ameri-
thereof the following: "and in no event
shall any teacher in the employ of the Board
of Education of the District of Columbia,
whose salary is established by section 1 of
the District of Columbia Teachers' Salary
Act of 1955 (69 Stat. 521), as amended (sec.
31-1501, D.C. Code, 1961 edition), be ex-
cluded on the basis of the fact that such,
teacher is serving under a temporary ap-
pointment if such teacher has been so em-
ployed by such Board for a period or periods
totaling not less than two school years."
SEc. 3. The amendments made by this Act
shall take effect on the first day of the first
month which begins not later than the six-
tieth day after the date of its enactment.
STEEL SHIPPING CONTAINER IDEN-
TIFICATION ACT, 1963
Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, on be-
half of_ myself and the Senator of Penn-
sylvania [Mr. SCOTT], I introduce, for
appropriate reference, a bill intended to
permit the buyers of steel shipping con-
tainers to know when steel is used in the
manufacture of the containers and to
promote the use of steel produced in this
country.
The bill, to be known as the Steel Ship-
ping Container Identification Act of 1963,
is endorsed. by the Steel Container Ship-
ping Institute, who believe that such leg-
islation will be of great benefit to the
steel industry, to the steel shipping con-
tainer industry, and to the general
public.
U.S.'customs laws require that a for-
eign product be plainly marked with the
country of origin in which it Is produced.
The courts sustain the fact that the au-
thority and jurisdiction of the Bureau of
Customs ends when the product has been
released from its custody. This, in turn,
means that while the bundles or coils of
sheet steel are marked with the country
of origin upon arrival in this country, no
agency of the United States under pres-
ent regulations has any further jurisdic-
tion over the marking or identification of
products, such as drums, pails, and like
containers, which are ultimately manu-
factured from the imported sheet steel.
The proposed bill, Mr. President, would
require that drums, pails, and like con-
6303
be received and appropriately referred;
and, without objection, the bill will lie
on the desk, as requested by the Sena-
tor from Indiana.
The bill (S. 1342) to prohibit the in-
troduction into interstate commerce of
any shipping container manufactured in
the United States from imported steel
unless the container is marked so as to
indicate the country of origin of the
steel, introduced by Mr. HARTKE (for
himself and Mr. SCOTT), was received,
read twice by its title, and referred to
the Committee on Commerce.
Mr. BEALL. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. HARTKE. I yield.
Mr. BEALL. The Senator is putting
forth a most commendable idea. It is
very foresighted action on the part of
the Senator to introduce the bill. I
should like to join him in sponsoring it.
Mr. HARTKE. I thank the Senator
from Maryland. He has always stood
with me in these matters both in the
Committee on Commerce and in the
Committee on the District of Columbia.
ESTABLISHMENT OF WATER RE-
SOURCES RESEARCH CENTERS-
AMENDMENTS
Mr. LONG of Louisiana submitted
amendments, intended to be proposed by
him, to the bill (S. 2) to establish water
resources research centers at land-grant
colleges and State universities, to stimu-
late water research at other colleges, uni-
versities and centers of competence, and
to promote a more adequate national
program of water research, which were
ordered to lie on the able and to be
printed.
Mr. YARBOROUGH submitted an
amendment, intended to be proposed by
him, to Senate bill 2, supra, which was
ordered to lie on the table and to be
printed.
CANYONLANDS PARK-AMEND-
MENTS
tainers, made of foreign steel be plainly Mr. MOSS. Mr. President, in this
marked.with the country of origin of the morning's Washington Post and Times
steel and would place enforcement of the Herald there appeared an editorial en-
act under the jurisdiction of the Federal titled "Canyonlands Park," which dis-
Trade Commission and would include cusses the proposal which will be before
their usual penalities for noncompliance. the Committee on Interior and Insular
This act is not otherwise punitive and Affairs this coming Thursday, for the
does not ask special favors, increased creation of Canyonlands National Park
duties or tariff protection, It .only re- in southeastern Utah. This editorial is
quires that containers made from for- a very clear. exposition of the situation
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 6304
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE April 22
can scenery now outside national park
boundaries.
Canyonlands has found high favor with
the National Parke Service, and National
Parks Association, conservationists and out-
doorsmen. Senator FRANK E. Moss has
sponsored a bill to authorize establishment
of the proposed park, but in the last session
of Congress there was sharp disagreement
over the land to he included. Now a com-
promise has been reached between Gov.
George Clyde and Senator WALLACE F. BEN-
NeTT, on one hand, and Senator Moss, on the
other, to limit the area to a little more than
250,000 acres.
Agreement liar also been reached on the
phasing out of mineral and oil exploration
In the area within 25 years. Mines and
wells developed during that period could
continue to operate. This Is the most ques-
tionable aspect of the agreement but there is
some precedent for such continued opera-
tions in areas that have become national
parks. The most important thing is to set
aside the finest scenic features of this area
for park purposes. Additional land can be
acquired later if that seems desirable. The
reduced acreage would include the spectacu-
lar areas that have come to be known as
Chester Park, Virginia Park, Druid Arch,
Angel Arch, Elephant Canyon, Upheaval
Dome, the Needles, and the Basin of Standing
Rocks.
Hearings on the new Moss bill will be held
by the Senate's Public Lands Subcommittee
on April 25, and it Is to be hoped that simi-
lar action will be taken on the House side.
The rapid growth of the country makes it
especially desirable to conserve scenic areas
of national park quality. If it is found feas-
ible to link Canyonlands with the Zion,
Bryce, and Grand Canyon National Parks.
with the Glen Canyon Dam and the Arches
and Natural Bridges National Monuments
in the same general area, the combination
would make a strong bid for first place
among the country's scenic playgrounds.
Mr. MOSS. Mr. President, I also ask
unanimous consent that I may be per-
mitted to submit at this time two pro-
posed amendments to S. 27. which is the
Canyonlands National Park bill; and
that these amendments may be printed,
so as to be available at the time of the
hearing on Thursday.
The VICE PRESIDENT. The amend-
ments will be received, printed, and re-
ferred to the Committee on Interior and
Insular Affairs.
AMENDMENT OF NATIONAL LABOR
RELATIONS AND RAILWAY LABOR
ACTS-RESCISSION OF ORDER
FOR BILL TO LIE ON DESK
Mr. ALLOTT. Mr. President, previ-
ously the bill (S. 1330) to amend the
National Labor Relations Act and the
Railway Labor Act with respect to emer-
gency labor disputes, was ordered to lie
on the table. I ask unanimous consent
that that order be rescinded, and that
the bill be printed.
The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob-
jection, it is so ordered.
The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob-
jection, it is so ordered.
ESTABLISHMENT OF A METRIC SYS-
TEM IN THE UNITED STATES-AD-
DITIONAL COSPONSOR OF BILL
Mr. PELL. Mr. President, I ask unan-
imous consent that the distinguished
Senator from Oregon [Mrs. NEUBERGERI
be allowed to become cosponsor with
me of S. 1278, which I introduced on
April 4. 1 ask that her name be in-
cluded at the next printing of this bill.
This bill, which would authorize the
Bureau of Standards to study the feasi-
bility of adopting the metric system in
the United States, is of basic Importance
to the entire Nation; and I am immensely
pleased and honored to have the Sen-
ator from Oregon associated with me in
its passage.
The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob-
jection, It is so ordered.
NATIONAL EMERGENCY LABOR DIS-
PUTES ACT OF 1963--ADDITIONAL
COSPONSOR OF BILL
Under authority of the orders of the
Senate of April 18, 1963, and today
April 22, 1963, the name of Mr, AIKEN
was added as a cosponsor of the bill (S.
1330) to amend the National Labor Re-
lations Act and the Railway Labor Act
with respect to emergency labor disputes,
introduced by-Mr.,FI,,YITS on April 18,
PRESS RELEABV ON CERTAIN HEAR-
INGS BEFORE COMMITTEE ON
FOREIGN RELATIONS
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent to insert in the
RECORD at this point the text of a press
release issued on April 19 announcing
hearings on S. 414 and other bills pend-
ing before the Committee on Foreign
Relations which relate to the training of
foreign affairs personnel.
There being no objection, the press
release was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
APRIL 19, 1963.
U.S. SENATE GouMrrruu ON FOREIGN
RELATIONS
Senator J. W. FULBRIGHT. chairman, an-
nounced today that on April 29 and May 1.
the Committee on Foreign Relations would
hold hearings on S. 414, a bill to create a
Freedom Commission and Freedom Academy.
S. 414 was Introduced on January 22 by
Senator MUNOT. for himself and other
Senators.
On April 4 and 5 of this year the commit-
tee held public hearings on S. 865, an ad-
ministration bill to establish a National
Academy of Foreign Affairs. S. 885 was In-
troduced by Senator SYMINGTON, for himself
and other-Senators on February 20.
Also pending before the Committee are
.S. 32 and S. 99, bills to create a U.8. Foreign
Service Academy. Both of these bills were
introduced on January 14, S. 32 by Senator
SMATHERS and S. 99 by Senator DoMELRCK.
t testtmon on
n y
HOUSING FOR THE ELDERLY-
ADDITIONAL COSPONSOR OF BILL
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that when the bill
(S. 1171). In aid of housing for the
elderly, is next printed, the name of the
Senator from Oregon [Mrs. NEVDERGERI
may be added as a cosponsor.
Anyone wishing W prese
any of the aforementioned bills during the the New York Times on April 6, 1963.
hearings announced to, By Mr. ROBERTSON:
f th
e
course o
should contact without delay Mr. Darrell St. Article entitled "Senator ROBERTSON Ex-
Claire, chief clerk, Committee on Foreign plains Cost of Adding National Holidays."
Relations, written by Frank E. Taylor, published in.
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NOTICE OF HEARING ON S. 63, TO
PROVIDE FOR REPRESENTATION
OF INDIGENT DEFENDANTS, AND
S. 1057, TO PROMOTE THE CAUSE
OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE BY PRO-
VIDING FOR THE REPRESENTA-
TION OF DEFENDANTS WHO ARE
FINANCIALLY UNABLE TO OBTAIN
AN ADEQUATE DEFENSE IN CRIM-
INAL CASES IN THE COURTS OF
THE UNITED STATES
Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. President, on
behalf of the Committee on the Judici-
ary, I desire to give notice that public
hearings have been scheduled beginning
Monday, May 6, 1963, at 10:30 am., in
Room 2228, New Senate Office Building,
on S. 63, a bill to provide for representa-
tion of indigent defendants, and S. 1057,
a bill to promote the cause of criminal
justice by providing for the representa-
tion of defendants who are financially
unable to obtain an adequate defense in
criminal eases in the courts of the United
States.
At the indicated time and place all
persons Interested in the above bills may
make such representation as may be
pertinent.
NOTICE OF HEARING ON NOMINA-
TION OF L. J. ANDOLSEK TO BE A
CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSIONER
Mr. JOHNSTON. Mr. President, as
chairman of the Post Office and Civil
Service Committee, I wish to announce
that a public hearing on the nomination
of L. J. Andolsek to be a civil service
commissioner will be held Wednesday,
April 24, 1963, at 10:30 a.m., in room 6202
of the New Senate Office Building.
The hearing will be open to the public
and will be held before the full com-
mittee-ADDRESSES. EDITORIALS, ARTI-
CLES, ETC., PRINTED IN THE AP- -
PENDIX
On request, and by unanimous con-
sent, addresses, editorials, articles, etc.,
were ordered to be printed in the Ap-
pendix, as follows:
By Mr. HARTEE:
Address by Senator BAYH at Indiana Demo-
cratic Jefferson-Jackson Day dinner on
April 6, 1963.
Editorial entitled "Wabash Could be Navi-
gable," published in the Pike County, Ind.,
Dispat,h of April 4, 1963.
Editorial entitled "Lincoln Heritage Trail,"
published in the Elkhart, Ind., Truth, deal-
ing with the need for marking the trail
which Abraham Lincoln took during his
formative years.
By Mr. MONRONEY:
Address entitled. "Upstream Flood Control
In Oklahoma," delivered by Miss Sally Cook-
sey, a high school senior from Ada High
School. Oklahoma, before the 34th annual
State convention of the Oklahoma Garden
Clubs. Inc.
By Mr. MORSE :
Article entitled "U.S. Agencies Praised,"
written by Frank E. Karelsen, published in