SOVIET PERSECUTION OF THE JEWS

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• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400160006-5
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• Document Page Count: 16
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 26, 2006
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SEN,
ber of Commerce shall transmit this resolu-
tion to appropriate Texas Members of the
U.S. Congress.
(Adopted in re ar meeting, March 15,
1965.) 1 - 1 .
Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Mr.
President, 20 years ago the most terrible
war ever fought by mankind came to an
end. With it there came the hope that
religious persecution would forever be
banished from the face of the earth.
The shocking discovery of the scope of
Jewish persecution under Hitler initiated
vows by all men never to allow such
events to happen again.
These vows were founded on something
more than naive idealism, for while such
action is against every conceivable code
of moral order and decency, it is also a
fact that such persecution will bring
about the degeneration of a country by
excluding from the national life a valu-
able portion of the intellectual and man-
power resources of the country. It has
become increasingly evident, however,
that the Soviet Union is in the process of
throwing these beliefs and hopes against
the rocks with all the force its totali-
tarian strength can bring to bear.
The Soviet Union has extreme methods
to hide events in its country that it feels
might not be considered in good taste
by,those outside the Iron Curtain. Yet
all of its suppression has not been suffi-
cient to hide its dastardly acts toward its
Jewish population. For the past 20
years, free people everywhere have hoped
that persecution of religious peoples had
ended for all time; yet, at. this very in-
stant, the persecution in Russia is look-
ing distressingly similar to the persecu-
ton that took place during the Third
Reich,
We see the singling out of the Russian
Jews for allegations that have no basis
whatsoever. As under the tyrannical
regime of Hitler, the Jews in the Soviet
Union have been singled out as the cause
of the country's economic failures.
The propaganda that has been aimed
at the Jewish population of the Soviet
Union has been of the most vulgar na-
ture, depicting the Jews in the same
stereotype that was used by Goebbels,
under Hitler, for the vilification of re-
ligion and all those who practice it.
There has also been widespread exclu-
sion of the Jews from the same educa-
tional, cultural, and employment oppor-
tunities that the other Soviet citizens
have been offered.
Mr. President, in view of these facts,
I think. the time has come for all good
people to unite and, in,a voice that will
shatter the stone walls of the Kremlin,
demand that these practices of persecu-
tion, bigotry, and hate be put to an end.
We have before us a; concurrent reso-
lution, submitted by the able Senator
from Connecticut, that will inform the
dictators of the Soviet people of our de-
termination to put a stop to religious
persecution in all its forms, wherever it
occurs on earth. I have cosponsored
Senate Concurrent Resolution 17 in the
belief that the United States has an
obligation, as the leader of free peoples,
to step forward and condemn these
malicious practices.
The resolution is clear in its intent.
It states, in brief, that because we stead-
fastly believe in the freedom of all peo-
ples to practice their religion, without
interference of any sort; because the evi-
dence overwhelmingly points to pur-
posely vicious persecution of its Jewish
population; and because the Soviet Con-
stitution clearly defends religious free-
dom; we, therefore, condemn the Soviet
Union for its betrayal of the principles
of human rights and decency, in the hope
that the. Soviet Union will restore the
rights of the Jews to practice their re-
ligion, free from harassment, and to
maintain their culture as they have done
throughout their history.
At this time, I urge every Senator to
support this resolution reaffirming our
belief in human rights; I urge all Mem-
bers of the House of Representatives to
join their Senate colleagues in the sup-
port of this resolution; and I urge all
freedom-loving people the world over to
join hands with the American people in
asking freedom and dignity for the Jew-
ish citizens of the Soviet Union.
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, we
are now entering the fifth year of contin-
ued improvement in our economy. This
is the longest sustained economic expan-
sion in the postwar period. As the em-
ployment statistics announced by the
Labor Department today show, this fifth
year promises to be one of the brightest.
The unemployment figures for the
breadwinners of the country have been
cut almost in half since the first quarter
of f961. At that point married men had
an unemployment rate of 4.8 percent and
today it has dropped to 2.6. This is
equal to the low level recorded during
the 1955-57 expansion period.
The economic growth since March a
year ago-1,650,000-has meant jobs for
800,000 more adult men, 700,000 more
adult women, and 200,000 more teen-
agers.
This is truly good news. It demon-
strates that bold leadership given the
tools to work with can keep the Nation
on a prosperity-bound course.
We are indeed "continuing" toward
the Great Society President Johnson
seeks.
RAYBURN HOUSE OFFICE BUILD-
ING: STAR-SPANGLED ARCHITEC-
TURAL BLUNDER
Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, Mem-
bers of the Congress apparently are so
well aware of the barbarian architec-
tural qualities-if one can use the word
"qualities" in this regard--of the third
House office building that it is hardly
necessary to bring to their attention ad-
ditional informed judgments. Never-
theless, I think the RECORD should in-
clude a recent appraisal of the Rayburn
Building by Miss Ada Louise Huxtable,
as published in the New York Times of
March. 30, 1965.
Miss Huxtable concludes her lament
about this artless and unbelievably ex-
pensive structure with a reference to a
saying that "there's no point in crying
over spilled marble." But if we should
TnE RAYBURN BUILDING: HOUSE OFFICE
STRUCTURE Is DESCRIBED AS A DULL, VULGAR,
CORRUPT BLUNDER
(By Ada Louise Huxtable)
It is moving time on Capitol Hill for 169
Congressmen eligible for space in the new
Rayburn House Office Building. The struc-
ture's three-room suites complete with re-
frigerators and safes are being raffled off to
applicants who may have a view of the Capi-
tol dome or an interior court, depending on
seniority. Even seniority, however, does not
give any legislator a door leading from his
office, or his aid's office, to his working staff
without passage through a waiting room full
of constituents and special pleaders. To
correct this small planning error would add
$200,000 to costs already estimated at any-
where from $86 million to $122 million for
the expensive and controversial building..
Some Congressmen are moving in reluc-
tantly. Representative THOMAS L. ASHLEY,
Democrat, of Ohio, for one rejected his office
on sight. But he is making the move any-
way this week because his present quarters
are too small,.
"This layout could paralyze us," he said
during his inspection tour. "It's an ugly
building."
Mr. ASHLEY is not alone. The profes-
sional architectural press has been bitterly
critical as construction progressed. (The
building has taken 7 years and $22 million
more to complete than originally estimated
largely as the result of expensive miscalcu-
lations; change orders have reached 300 per-
cent over Government average; bid estimates
on contracts have been as much as $45 mil.
lion off.)
There have been accusations of secret plan-
ning, pork barrel commissions and possible
misuse of public funds. The fact that the
general contractor was Matthew J. McCloskey,
Democratic Party stalwart of Philadelphia,
has not escaped notice. But the storm swirls
uselessly around a behemoth that is obvi-
ously here to stay.
DEFECTS ARE NUMEROUS
Architecturally, the Rayburn Building is
a national disaster. Its defects range from
profligate mishandling of 50 acres of space to
elephantine esthetic banality at record costs.
The costs are now being investigated by the
General Accounting Office.
Equal to the question of costs, however, is
the question of what Congress and the capital
have received for the investment. It is quite
possible that this Is the worst building for
the most money in the history of the con-
struction art. It stuns by sheer mass and
boring bulk. Only 15 percent of its space
is devoted to the offices and hearing rooms
for which it was erected.
Forty-two percent of the floor area is used
for parking. Endless corridors have been
likened to "Last Year at Marienbad." Stylis-
tically, it is the apotheosis of humdrum.
It is hard to label the building, but it
might be called Corrupt Classic. Its empty
aridity and degraded classical details ar
vulgarization without drama, and to be botl
dull and vulgar may be an achievement o
sorts.
The structure's chief design features ar,
hollow exercises in sham grandeur. A super.
colossal exterior expanse of stolid, Mussolini.
style pomp is embellished with sculpture
that would be the apogee of art in the Soviet
Union, where overscaled muscles and ex-
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RESOLUTIONS OF RICHARDSON,
TEX., CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
Mr. TOWER. Mr, President, the
Chamber of Commerce of Richardson,
Tex., has recently adopted three resolu-
tions with which I am pleased to find
myself in complete agreement. In order
that other Senators may be advised of
the views of this active and dedicated
chamber, I ask unanimous consent that
the three resolutions be printed at this
point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the resolu-
tions were ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
.RESOLUTION OF THE RICHARDSON CHAMBER OF
COMMERCE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RE COM-
MENDING POLICY DECLARATIONS OF THE
PRESIDENT AND PROPOSING A JOHNSON COM-
MISSION FOR IMPLEMENTING THEM
The board of directors of the Richardson
Chamber of Commerce commends President
.:'ohnson upon his strong policy declarations
for strict economy and an all-out campaign
:against waste and inefficiency in the Federal
C:lovernment; for his proposal to reshape and
r:organize the executive branch to meet more
effectively the tasks of the 20th century; for
his resolve to keep our Nation prosperous,
militarily strong, and a leader in seeking
peaceful relation with the other nations of
this world; for his plans to pursue relent-
lessly our advances toward the conquest of
space; his proposed new efforts to control
and prevent crime and delinquency; and for
the translation of these policies and plans
into recommendations submitted to Congress.
TO implement the goal or strict economy in
the Federal Government and thus to aid in
the attainment of all its goals, the Board of
I) rectors of the Richardson Chamber of Com-
merce suggests that the President and Con-
gress consider jointly the creation of a strong
nonpartisan commission to be organized in
the spirit of the Hoover Commissions of the
past; that it consist of citizens of experience
in Federal, State, and local governments but
without other offices in any of such govern-
ments; that this commission be given a
modest staff and authority to consider the
physical records of the office of the budget
and all other Federal offices and be charged
wi ;h a duty to recommend to the President
any and all reductions of current expenses in
any such office which, in the opinion of that
commission, could be made without adversely
aff-Icting policies of the administration with
reference to the functioning of that office
and the services to be performed by it. We
suggest that such a commission be organized
with expected continuity of office assured by
overlapping terms of the members of the
commission. It is submitted that an expan-
sion of services of the Federal Government
now under consideration will substantially
increase the need of such an independent
study of the operations of each department
;nc! agency of the Federal Government to the
'nd that the dollar value of each dollar spent
nay be assured; accordingly, it Is
Resolved, (1) The Richardson Chamber of
ior..merce urges the establishment of such
n nonpartisan Johnson commission to im-
plement the policies of this administration
for strict economy? (2) the appropriate of-
ficers of the Richardson Chamber of Corn-
merce shall transmit this resolution to ap-
propriate Texas Members of the U.S. Congress.
(Unanimously adopted in regular meeting,
Mar.: i5, 1985.)
RESOLUTION OF THE RICHARDSON CHAMBER OF
COMMERCE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RE AMEND-
ING TAFT-HARTLEY ACT
Whereas it has been and is an American
precept that man is -a being with a free will,
so endowed by his Creator; and
Whereas the system of free enterprise is
peculiarly and especially a cherished Ameri-
can tradition, applying alike to the business
enterprise and to the individual, to the em-
ployee, and to the employer; and
Whereas expressions of these propositions
are included in many acts of social legisla-
tion; they are particularly emphasized, for
example, in the Federal Civil Rights Act of
1964:
"SEC. 703(a). It shall be unlawful employ-
ment practice for an employer-(1) to Tail-
or refuse to hire or to discharge any lndivid?-
ual with respect to his compensation, terms,
conditions, or privileges of employment be..
cause of such individual's race, color, reli-
gion, sex, or national origin.";
Whereas these propositions are a funda-
mental part of the laws of Texas, as seen.
in sections I and 2 of article 5207a of Ver-
non's Annotated Civil Statutes of Texas,
which was enacted in 1947 by the Legislature
of the State of Texas in reliance upon sec-
tion 14(b) of the Taft-Hartley Act (Labor-
Management Relations Act of 1947, 29 U.S.C.
164(b).
Taft-:Hartley Ac?:, section 14(b) : "Nothing
in this subchapter shall be construed as au-
thorizing the execution or application of
agreements requiring membership In a labor
organization as a condition of employment
in any State or territory in which such
execution or application is prohibited by
State or territorial law."
Article 5207a, Vernon's Annotated Texas
Civil Statutes:
"SECTION 1. The inherent right of a person
to work and bargain freely with his em-
ployer, individually or collectively, for terns
and conditions of his employmenit shall not
be denied or infringed by law, or by any
organization of whatever nature.
"SEC. 2. No person shall be denied employ-
ment on account of membership or non-
membership in a labor union."; and
Whereas there now are before the Congress
of the United States proposals aimed at
repealing 14(b) of the Taft-Hartley Act,
quoted in part hercinabove, so that laws of
this State of Texas guaranteeing to indi-
viduals the right of free determination
whether to join or refrain from joining, a
labor union, would be preempted: Therefore
be it
Resolved, (1) The Richardson Chamber
of Commerce opposes the repeal of section
14(b) of the Taft-Hartley Act, quoted above;
(2) the appropriate officers of the Richard-
son Chamber of Commerce shall transmit
this resolution. to appropriate Texas mem-
bers of the U.S. Congress.
(Unanimously adopted in regular meeting
Mar. 15, 1965. )
RESOLUTION OF THE .RICHARDSON CHAMBER OF
COMMERCE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RE ADE-
QUATE HEALTH CARE FOR ELDER CrrIzsNS
The provision and the utilization of ade-
quate health services to citizens above 85
years of age is a matter of interest and con-
cern to all public spirited citizens.
Studies, including the 1983 Report of the
President's Council on Aging, indicate that
elderly citizens as a group meet their costs
of living, including health care, much better
than the younger ages and enjoy remarkably
good health for the most part. Over sixty
percent of the 18 million elderly in the
United States carry some form of voluntary
prepayment health insurance; 72 percent of
Texas' elderly citizens are so covered.
Yet many citizens do need additional aid
such as those on old age assistance, or others
who become really burdened in meeting the
costs of an unexpected or major illness.
Those who need assistance and only those,
can get it under the Kerr-Mills Law passed in
1960. We in Texas amended our constitu-
tion in November 1964, so as to increase the
benefits obtainable under this 1960 law, by
those needy and elderly in Texas. Governor
Connally stated in his annual message to the
Texas Legislature in January 1965, that he
favors this solution of the problem. It gives
aid only to those in need whereas the social
security approach assures aid to all em-
ployed, when they become ill in elder years,
regardless of need and at much greater cost
to all. -
On January 27, 1965, Congressman HERLONG
and Congressman CURTIS introduced identi-
cal bill, H. R. 3727 and H.R. 3728 known as
the Eldercare Act of 1965. Aid to those in
need under the Herlong-Curtis Eldercare Act
of 1965, would consist of medical, surgical,
dental, hospital, nursing home, and drug
benefits rather than being limited to hospital
and nursing home care. State and Federal
funds would be provided on a sliding scale
basis, to persons aged 65 or older who are in
need, as defined by their incomes, the de-
fining limits being set by the individual
States. Recipients would obtain policies
providing a wide spectrum of medical, surgi-
cal, and hospital benefits from health insur-
ance companies or from Blue Cross-Blue
Shield plans. Under the proposal an indi-
vidual would pay all, part, or none of the
cost of the policy, depending upon his total
income. Individuals whose incomes are
under specified minimums would have the
entire - cost of the policy paid by the State
agency that would administer the program.
Eligibility for benefits would be determined
solely by use of a simple information return
in which. the applicant would list his income
from all sources.
The Herlong-Curtis Eldercare Act of 1965
would thus maintain the basic principles
that persons 65 years or older who need help
in paying for health care should receive help,
but only they; that maximum responsibility
and authority for providing such help should
be retained by the States; and that funds
from the Federal source should be from gen-
eral tax revenues; and that voluntary health
insurance and prepayment principles should
be utilized whenever possible.
All this is in sharp contrast with the pro-
posed King-Anderson principle of a compul-
sory health insurance plan whereby social
security taxes or payroll taxes on all ages of
working citizens would provide certain lim-
ited hospital and nursing home benefits to
the elderly.
Meanwhile, the provisions of the Kerr-
Mills law have been accepted to greater or
lesser degree by approximately 45 States and
territories. There have been inequities and
difficulties, but such problems existing in
some States can be rapidly overcome. In
Texas, our legislature is expected to provide
quickly for those elderly citizens in need of
further assistance by legislation under the
Kerr-Mills Act: Therefore, be it
Resolved, (1) The Richardson Chamber of
Commerce favors the enactment by Congress
of the Herlong-Curtis Eldercare Act of 1965
and by the legislature of Texas of legislation
Implementing assistance to the elderly in
Texas in need, under the Kerr-Mills Act; and
opposes the pending King-Anderson bill in
Congress or other like measures; (2) the
appropriate officers of the Richardson Chain-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE __March 20
ations in the House and gives me an oppor-
tunity to see how the leadership works."
Steve Lesher decided to work for BIRCH BAYH,
of Indiana, because "I wanted a bright,
young, liberal Democrat. I wanted a spot
where I had the freedom to walk into the
Senator's office whenever I wanted to and
where I would be permitted to do a variety
of things."
Lesher likes the job because "You can do
things. You can really influence things. I
am contributing significantly in working on
the question of presidential disability to
what may be the 25th amendment to the
Constitution."
SPEAKS FOR SENATOR
He says that swapping the byline of a re-
porter for the relative anonymity of a staff
job is not too difficult. "I have carte blanche
to speak for the Senator," he says, "so what
I say carries weight with a lot of weighty
people. That can fill your ego just like
seeing your name in print."
Mr. Lesher says that the problem for a
newsman-fellow is that "you have to decide
whether ' you want to be a Scotty Reston
and believe that 'the truth shall set
you free' or whether you want to put up
with the facade and nonsense that politics
requires but where you are in a position to
do things." He adds that the monetary as-
pect-a staffworker in a Hill office can earn
two or three times as much as most good
reporters-often draws good men away from
journalism.
Most of the newsmen came to Washington
with a critical attitude toward the Congress.
For many, their views have been changed
completely.
"I have found things here completely dif-
ferent from the way I expected," says Neal
Gregory, who is in the office of Representa-
tive CHARLES WELTNER. "I have become
more conservative in my views. I think
that in the area of civil rights, many people
are more interested in the issue than in
getting a bill through Congress. Senator
HUMPHREY once said his worst problem is
with the liberals. He's a pragmatic liberal,
which is the only way to be."
Eliot Carlson says, "I've seen how little the
reformers understand the workings of Con-
gress. The big problem as I see it is a lack
of liberals, not the need for drastic reforms."
LEARNS TO RESPECT A VIEW
"I came here a big liberal," says Steve
Lesher. "I thought HOWARD SMITH (chair-
man of the House Rules Committee) had
horns. But I have come to respect the
southern Democrats. I'd rather have a man
like WILLIAM FULBRIGHT signing the south-
ern manifesto and staying in Congress than
not signing it and getting beaten. The Con-
gressman has to be responsive to the views
of the people in his district. If he isn't, who
is?"
Roger Blobaum says, "I came here very
concerned about freedom of information in
Government. I have found that in Con-
gress this problem is not as important as
I thought. There is a great deal of off-the-
record briefing here. I also didn't like the
? idea of holding executive sessions,- but when
I see how complex these bills are and the
importance of compromise, I've become con-
vinced that these session are necessary."
Mr. Blobaum says that he has heard the
debate about the evils of the seniority sys-
tem, but asks "What are the alternatives?
You are going to have problems with any
system."
John Heritage says that "my whole idea
of the kind of people in Dictrict of Colum-
bia has changed. I have discovered that
most people in responsible positions here
are sincere, articulate, and sophisticated
about most subjects. Many are political ex-
perts as well as votegetters. When you are
looking in from outside, much of what you
read about Congress is critical. When you
get close and see the problems Congressmen
have in time and the amount of informa-
tion they have to absorb, you can see how
Congress has a hard time running smoothly
sometimes."
EYES ON PRESS CORPS
The fellows have also watched-with a
critical eye-the way the press corps covers
congressional issues. The main complaint
is that congressional issues often get only
superficial treatment.
"I am personally not satisfied with the
kind of coverage you get out of Washington,"
says Stever Lesher. "When you just read
the wire stories about some of the big issues,
I have found that you only get a vague idea
of what is going on. The press tends to
picture congressional debates in terms of
black and white, which is easy to do but
doesn't give an accurate picture."
"I have talked to a number of Washington
officials who were very critical of the kind
of reporting they are getting," says John
Heritage. "They felt that many reporters
didn't understand what was going on some-
times, and that the result was distortion out
of ignorance. I think that the way reporters
are spread around you can't expect more than
superficial coverage."
Neal Gregory adds, "As a newspaperman,
you like to seize on a lead. But there are
very few yes-and-no values or black-and-
white issues-but many areas of gray. I
think the main problem is that much re-
porting is lacking in depth. I don't think
that this is always the reporter's fault. Most
newspapers don't have enough space to cover
Washington adequately."
MEN OF EXPERIENCE
Each of the fellows has had from 2 to 10
years' experience in the newspaper field, and
they feel qualified to comment on the per-
formance of the press. They range in age
from 25 to 33, and most of them took leaves
of absence from their newspapers to take
part in the program.
The criteria for selecting the fellows are
flexible, according to Donald Tacheron, direc-
tor of the program and a former newsman
and fellow. The association prefers news-
men or women in the age bracket of from
25 to 35 who have had at least 2 years of
experience on a daily newspaper. Mr.
Tacheron says that most of the fellows go
back into the newspaper field after their
stint on the Hill, and find that their Wash-
ington experience is a great help profes-
sionally.
The newspapers whose reporters win the
fellowships are usually enthusiastic, Mr.
Tacheron says. A number of papers not only
give leaves of absence but grant stipends as
well, The New York Times Fund, the Louis-
ville Courier Journal Fund, Time, Inc., and
Nelson Poynter, publisher of the St. Peters-
burg Times and the Congressional Quarterly
are among the contributors to the program.
CURRENT CONGRESSIONAL FELLOWS AND THE
OFFICES TS WHICH THEY ARE ATTACHED
Shamsuddin Ahmed, House Rules Com-
mittee.
Stanley V. Anderson, Representative HENRY'
S. REUSS, of Wisconsin.
Richard E. Ashcraft, Representative
RICHARD BOLLING, of Missouri.
Robert H. Bendt, Senate Committee on
Interior and Insular Affairs.
Roger J. Blobaum, House majority whip's
office.
Clifford H. Block, Representative GEORGE
E. BROWN, Jr., of California.
Elliot W. Carlson, Senator FRANK CHURCH,
of Idaho.
Richard P. Conlon, Representative FRANK
THOMPSON, Jr., of New Jersey.
Bartolome deCastro, Representative
RONALD B. CAMERON, of California.
Lewis A. (Creel) Froman, Senator PAUL
DOUGLAS, of Illinois.
Daniel W. Fulmer, Subcommittee on Mili-
tary Operations, House Government Opera-
tions Committee.
Irwin H. Gertzog, Representative LIONEL
VAN DEERLIN, of California.
Wayne G. Granquist, Representative JOHN
BRADEMAS, of Indiana.
C. O. (Neal) Gregory, Representative
CHARLES L. WELTNER, of Georgia.
Nelson P. Guild, Representative JAMES G.
O'HARA, of Michigan.
Mohammed Hakki, Representative DONALD
M. FRASER, of Minnesota.
John M. Heritage, Representative JOHN V.
LINDSAY, of New York.
Wallace E. Hutton, Representative CARL
ALBERT, of Oklahoma.
William G. Kagler, Senator ABRAHAM
RIBIcoFF, of Connecticut.
Chin Kim, Senate Judiciary Committee.
Stephen Lesher, Senator BIRCH E. BAYH, of
Indiana.
Robert D. Loevy, Senator THOMAS H.
KUCHEL, of California.
Edward A. Mainland, Representative GLEN-
ARD P. LIPSCOMB, of California.
John F. Manley, Representative THOMAS
B. CURTIS, of Missouri.
Lyle L. Miller, Representative SAMUEL S.
STRATTON, of, New York.
John N. Shouligian, House Interstate and
Foreign Commerce Committee.
Narayan D. Tiwari, Representative SPARK
M. MATSUNAGA, of Hawaii.
Sadanand S. Varde, Representative JOHN
KYL, of Iowa.
Marvin G. Weinbaum, Senator LEE MET-
CALF, of Montana.
PROPOSED ORDER FOR RECESS
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that when the
Senate completes its business tomorrow,
it stand in recess until 10 o'clock Mon-
day morning.
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, reserv-
ing the right to object-and I do not
know that the Senator from Mississippi
will object-will the Senator withhold
his request until I can check?
Mr. MANSFIELD, Certainly. I with-
hold the request.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President,
senior Senator from New Mexico [Mr.
ANDERSON] delivered an excellent ad-
dress last night at the New Mexico State
University Water Conference on the
needs for expanded research in the
water resources field.
Senator ANDERSON pointed out that
the seemingly considerable sum we are
spending for research in the field of
water problems-$73 millions annu-
ally-is actually inadequate measured
by the diversity of water problems
throughout this large Nation, measured
by the crucial importance of water con-
servation and supply, or. measured by
sums devoted to research in other fields.
It is about seven-tenths of 1 percent of
our current $10 billion annual outlay for
water facilities of various kinds com-
pared to 3 percent spent by the oil and
gas industry on research, 6 percent spent
by the chemical industry and 121/2 per-
cent spent by the automotive industry.
I ask unanimous consent that the
text of Senator ANDERSON's address be
printed in the RECORD, for it is a splendid
statement of the merits of S. 2, which
would draw our colleges and universities
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1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
built and equipped and the added ca- great material abundance that characy
pacity is put to use, General Motors an- terizes free economic systems.
ticipates an increase of about 50,000 jobs
nationwide.
Mr. President, this is an outstanding
example of how American private enter-
prise is coping with highly competitive
conditions by plowing huge capital out-
lays into research and engineering de-
velopment and the modernization of
plant and equipment. These outlays to-
day will insure the quantity and quality
production in future years to meet an
ever-expanding demand for automotive
products. And within the context of a
strong profit system, investment in in-
come-producing assets today will mean
generation of tomorrow's profits to sus-
tain continuation of the cycle of invest-
ment and expansion required of all seg-
ments of our economy if we are to obtain
maximum employment opportunities for
all Americans.
As announced by Mr. Donner, General
Motors will undertake substantial fa-
cilities programs at various locations in
the United States by all five General
Motors car divisions and by a number
of divisions that supply parts and ac-
cessories to the car manufacturing and
assembly divisions. I am delighted that
I;hree of these facilities programs will
be undertaken in the State of New York:
the first, entailing construction of an
additional 216,000 square feet of floor
::;pace at the Ternstedt Division at Syra-
cuse, N.Y., which manufactures certain
plastic parts, wheel discs and zinc-based
die-cast parts; next, construction of a
:171,000-square-foot addition to the
Chevrolet Motor Division's engine plant
at Tonawanda, N.Y.; and finally, a one-
story addition of 150,000 square feet of
manufacturing area, plus the installation
of new boiler house equipment, at the
West Lockport plant of the Harrison Ra-
diator Division of General Motors.
These three expansion projects, Mr.
President, in my judgment, represent a
vote of confidence by the respective divi-
ions of General Motors in the industry
and skills of the labor force in these
three fine manufacturing cities in-New
York State. It is a vote of confidence,
I am sure, which the employees, both
those presently employed and those who
will be employed in new Jobs, will vin-
e.icate. It is also a tribute to the im-
proving industrial climate in New York
State, a favorable climate which has
been generated by the educational and
training systems in which New York
leads the Nation and the progressive
labor protective laws which foster that
high degree of employee welfare and
sa:curity which enhance their production
efforts.
REPORTERS ACCLAIM CAPITOL
EXPERIENCE
Mr. RIBICOFF. Mr. President, the
members of the working press have a
great responsibility: To inform and in-
terpret, in accurate and fair-minded
fashion, with the public interest ever in
mind. Since 1953, the American Politi-
cal Science Association has sponsored a
program uniquely designed to furnish
newspapermen with knowledge necessary
to meet this responsibility when report-
ing congressional affairs.
The congressional fellowship program
includes a select group of newsmen who
spend 9 months on Capitol Hill, function-
ing as members of office and committee
staffs. They carry out regular office
duties, and soon are immersed in the
legislative process. They are able to ex-
amine firsthand the numerous forces
and considerations that shape our coun?-
try's laws.
To date, more than 100 men and wom??
en have taken part In the congressional
fellowship program. Half of them have
been professional newspaper people.
The other participants have been politi-?
cal scientists from our colleges and uni-?
versities and, in recent years, representa-
tives of the executive branch of the
Federal Government and several foreign
nations.
A program this broad is of immense
value to the Congress. Shortly after I:
came to the Senate, I was fortunate to
have a congressional fellow join my staff.
Tom King came to my office from the
Atomic Energy Commission and was of
great help in the planning and initia-
tion of the pesticide hearings I have been
conducting. He has since returned to
the AEC. Currently serving in my of-
fice is Bill Kagler, a most able reporter
from the Cincinnati Enquirer, who I am
sure will have a most successful career
in journalism.
I am. pleased to have been able to af-
ford them an opportunity for profes-
sional growth, and simultaneously to
have contributed to their understanding
of the role of Congress in Government.
The March 14 issue of Editor & Pub-
lisher, the trade journal of the publish-
ing industry, contains an article describ-
ing the reactions of current journalistic
participants to their congressional ex-
perience. I ask unanimous consent that
this article be printed in the RECORD with
a list of all 1963-64 congressional fellows
and the offices to which they are at-
tached.
There being no objection, the article
I am sure that Senators from other and list were ordered to be printed in
States entertain like gratification for the RECORD, as follows:
t;:lose portions of the facilities program REPORTERS ACCLAIM CAPITOL EXPERIENCE
of General Motors that are located in (By Caryl Rivers)
their States. But whatever may be the WASHINGTON`-Seven newspapermen have
e lfect of the expansion program upon stored their notepads in mothballs and are
particular States, the important thing learning how the other half lives.
fh that the program is one that fosters They are spending 9 months working
an overriding national interest in a on Capitol Hill through the congressional
strong, productive, and fellowship program of the American Political
growing econ- Science Association.
olriy, enabling us to go out into today's The prograra--largely financed by the Ford
marketplace and confer upon this Nation Foundation-:has been operating since 1953.
and other nations in the free world the This year, 14 fellows, including the news-
5587
men and 7 political scientists, were se-
lected for the $4,500 grant that accompanies
the fellowship.
The fellows work in staff positions in
House or Senate offices. They can choose
to divide their time between both Houses,
or remain in one office for the duration of
their stay. The legislators, often hard-
pressed for staff workers, are delighted to
get an extra worker without making a dent
in their office payroll.
MEMBERS OF THE GROUP
This year's fellows from the ranks of the
press corps are Bill Kagler, of the Cincinnati
Enquirer; Steve Lesher, of the Winston-Salem
Journal; Roger Blobaum, of the Associated
Press; Eliot Carlson, of the Honolulu Adver-
tiser; Richard Conlon, of the Minneapolis
Tribune; Neal Gregory, of the Memphis Com-
mercial Appeal; and John Heritage, of the
Atlanta Constitution.
The group arrived in Washington in No-
vember, and after a 2-month orientation
period the fellows plunged into their jobs
on the Hill. They often find themselves do-
ing routine chores like helping with the
mail and high-level tasks like writing
speeches for their boss in the course of a
single day.
Steve Lesher, in Senator BIRCH BAYH's
office, is working on an article for the Sen-
ator for a national magazine on the problem
of presidential disability and succession. He
is also arranging to get witnesses for a con-
gressional hearing on the problem.
Richard Conlon, working for Representa-
tive FRANK THOMPSON, coordinated the whip
system in the House during the vote on the
civil rights bill.
Eliot Carlson Is handling "the whole spec-
trum of office problems" for Senator FRANK
CHURCH, from "routine tasks to high-pow-
ered projects."
Most of the newspapermen who win the
fellowships return to the field after they
leave Capitol Hill. But they think that their
leave of absence from journalism makes
them better Journalists.
"When you've been part of the system,
you're more sensitive to why it may or may
not work," says Bill Kagler, a staffer in the
office of Senator ABRAHAM RIBICOFF. "So
much of what goes across an editor's desk
today involves the Federal Government-
even in the "boondocks." As an editor you
are a lot more equipped to provide leader-
ship if you understand the workings of the
Government. More and more papers are
going into intensive reporting in the area
of government.
Mr. Kagler found that after coming to
Washington, he had to make a mental
switch from the objectivity of a newsman
to the necessity for being subjective. He
thinks the fellowship is a good opportunity
"to find out if I can function in a govern-
ment climate or if I was born to be a news-
man."
Eliot Carlson admits to a "passion for
politics" and says "the big need in journal-
ism is for writers able to go in depth. A
journalist has to present more than just
facts. He has to write in greater depth about
the political process."
AREAS OF INTEREST
The fellows decided for themselves what
offices they wanted to work in, and they
offer a variety of reasons for their choices.
"I am interested in the South" says John
Heritage, who works for Congressman JOHN
LINDSAY, of New York, "but I wanted to get
an idea of what a Northern politician is
like and how a Northern liberal feels. LIND-
SAY is young, energetic, and I think he's
right courageous. They call him a minority
in a minority but I think most of his
stands are reasonable."
Rober Blobaum picked a spot in the office
of House Majority Whip HALE BOGGS, of Lou-
isiana, because it is "the real center of oper-
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5586 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE i larc 20
Mr,' Ralph Bellamy, Actor; Mr. Saul
Bellow, Novelist; Dr. James H. Billing-
ton, Professor of History, Princeton
University; Miss Patricia Blake, Writer;
Dr. Sarah Gibson Blending, President,
Vassar College; Mr. Irving Brown,
United Nations Representative, Inter-
national Confederation of Free Trade
Unions; Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski, Di-
rector, Research Institute on Commu-
nist Affairs, Columbia University; Dr.
F. Byrnes, Chairman, Department of
History, Indiana University.
Mr. James B. Carey, President, Interna-
tional Union of Electrical, Radio,
& Machine Workers; Dr. Lawrence
H. Chamberlain, Vice President, Co-
lumbia University; Dr. Kenneth B.
Clark, Professor of Psychology, City
College of New York; Dr. Lewis A.
Coser, Professor of Sociology, Brandeis
University; Mr. Norman Cousins, Edi-
tor, Saturday Review.
Dr. Henry David, former President, New
School for Social Research; Dr. Wil-
liam C. Davidon, Associate Professor
of Physics, Haverford College; Dr. Her-
bert A. Deane, Professor of Govern-
ment, Columbia University; Dr. Fred
W. Dupee, Professor of English Litera-
ture, Columbia University.
Dr. Samuel Eilenberg, Professor of
Mathematics, Columbia University;
Mr. Ralph Ellison, 'Novelist; Dr.
Thomas I. Emerson, Lines Professor
of Law, Yale. Law School; Dr. Alex-
ander Erlich, Associate Professor of
Economics, Columbia University; Dr.
Victor Erlich, Bensington Professor of
Russian Literature, Yale University.
Dr. Merle Fainsbd, Director, Russian Re-
search Center, Harvard University;
Professor of Government, Harvard
University; Sponsor, Conference on the
Status of Soviet Jews; Mr. James
Farmer, National Director, Congress of
Racial Equality; Dr. Lewis S. Feuer,
Professor of Philosophy, University of
California; Mr. Louis Fischer, School
of Politics, Princeton University; Rev.
George B. Ford, Pastor Emeritus, Cor-
pus Christi Church; Dr. Harry Emer-
son Fosdick, Minister Emeritus, River-
side Church; Dr. James Franck, Nobel
Prize Laureate in Physics, 1925; Pro-
fessor of Chemistry, University of
Pittsburgh; Dr. Charles Frankel, Pro-
fessor of Philosophy, Columbia Univer-
sity; Mr. Seymour Freidin, Executive
Editor, Foreign News, New York Her-
ald Tribune; Dr. Maurice Friedberg,
Professor of Russian Literature, Hunter
College.
Mr. Oscar Gass, Economic Consultant;
Mr. Mark Gayn, Political Analyst, To-
ronto Star; Dr. Leo Gershoy, Profes-
sor of History, New York University;
Mr. Robert W. Gilmore, Executive Di-
rector, Turn Toward Peace; Dr. Eli
Ginzberg, Professor of Economics, Co-
lumbia University; Director, Con-
servation of Human Resources Proj-
ect; Mr. B. Z. Goldberg, Journal-
ist; Mr. Erich Goldhagen, Lecturer,
Department of Political Science,
Hunter College; Dr. Marshall I. Gold-
man, Associate Professor of Economics,
Wellesley College; Dr. William E. Grif-
fith, Research Associate, Center for
International ? Studies, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology; Mr. Leo Gru-
liow, Editor, Current Digest of the
Soviet Press.
Dr. Louis M. Hacker, Professor of Eco-
nomics, Columbia University; Dr.
Fowler Harper, Simeon E. Baldwin
Professor of Law, Yale University; Rev.
Donald S. Harrington, Minister, the
Community Church of New York; Rev.
Theodore M. Hesburgh, President, Unt-
versity of Notre Dame; Mr. William J.
vanden Heuvel, President, Interna-
tional Rescue Committee, Mr. Gran-
ville Hicks, Literary Critic; Mr. Her-
bert Hill, Labor Secretary, National
Association for the Advancement of
Colored People; ' Mr. Maurice Hindus,
Author and Journalist; Dr. Irving
Howe, Professor of English Literature,
Hunter College; Editor, Dissent, a
Socialist Quarterly; Rev. Blahoslav S.
Hruby, Associate Editor Religion In
Communist Dominated Areas; Dr. H.
Stuart Hughes, Professor of History,
Harvard University; Cochairman,
Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy.
Dr. Alex Inkeles, Professor of Sociology,
Harvard University; Dr. Homer A.
Jack, Executive Director, National
Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy;
Dr. Norman Jacobs, Director of Publi-
cations, Foreign Policy Association;
Mr. Julius Jacobson, Editor, New Poli-
tics, a Socialist Quarterly; ?Dr. Peter
Juviler, Assistant Professor of Political
Science, Hunter College.
Dr. Arcadius Kahan, Associate Professor
of Economics, University of Chicago;
Dr. Horace M. Killen, Emeritus Pro-
fessor of Philosophy, New School for
Social Research; Dr. Abraham Kaplan,
Professor of Philosophy, University of
Michigan; Mr. Alfred Kazin, Literary
Critic; Mr. H. L. Keenylside, Chairman,
British Columbia Hydro and Power
Authority; Rev. Dr. Martin Luther
King, Jr., President, Southern Chris-
tion Leadership Conference; Sponsor,
Conference on the Status of Soviet
Jews; Mr. Stanley Kunitz, Poet.
Mr. Arthur Larson, Director, World Rule
of Law Center, School of Law, Duke
University; Mr. Joseph P. Lash, U.N.
Editor, the New York Post; Dr. Abba
P. Lerner, Professor of Economics,
Michigan State University; Dr. Dan-
iel Lerner, Director, Center for Inter-
national Studies, Massachusetts In-
stitute of Technology; Professor of
Sociology, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology; Mr. Edward Q. Lewis,
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters;
Dr. C. Eric Lincoln, Professor of Social
Relations, Clark College; Dr. Leon Lip-
son, Professor of Law, Yale Law School;
Mr. Robert Lowell, Poet; Rev. John A.
Lucal, S.J., Associate Editor, America.
Dr. Dwight Macdonald, Writer; Dr. Rob-
ert M. Maclver, President, New School
for Social 'Research; Mr. Archibald
MacLeish, Poet, Playwright; Mr.
Bernard Malamud, Novelist; Dr.
Jacques Maritain, Professor Emeritus,
Princeton University: Former French
Ambassador to the Vatican; Dr. Rufus
W. Mathewson, Jr., Associate Professor
of Russian Language and Literature,
Columbia University; Mr. B. F. Me-
Laurin, Vice President, Brotherhood of
Sleeping Oar Porters; Dr. Seymour
Melman, Professor of Industrial En-
gineering, Columbia University; Mr.
Arthur Miller, Playright; Dr. Ashley
Montagu, Anthropologist; Miss Mari-
anne Moore, Poet; Mr. Edward P. Mor-
gan, Political Commentator; Dr. Her-
mann J. Muller, Nobel Prize Laureate
in Medicine and Physiology, 1946;
Professor of Zoology, Indiana Uni-
versity; Dr. A. J. Muste, Editor, Lib-
eration Magazine; Secretary Emeritus,
Fellowship of Reconciliation.
Dr. Ernest Nagel, John Dewey Professor
of Philosophy, Columbia University;
Dr. Jerome Nathanson, Member of
Board of Leaders, The Society for
Ethical Culture; Dr. Henry Neumann,
Member, Board of Leaders, The So-
ciety for Ethical Culture.
Mr. William S. Paley, Chairman of the
Board, Columbia Broadcasting Sys-
tem; Dr. Jan Papanek, Vice Chairman,
International League for the Rights
of Man; Rt. Rev. James A. Pike, Epis-
copal Bishop of California; Sponsor,
Conference on the Status of Soviet
Jews.
Dr. Eugene Rabinowitch, Editor, Bulle-
tin of the Atomic Scientists; Sponsor,
Conference on the Status of Soviet
Jews; Mr. Alan Reitman, Associate Di-
rector, American Civil Liberties Union;
Mr. Walter Reuther, President, United
Automobile Workers of America;
Sponsor, Conference on the Status of
Soviet Jews; Dr. David Riesman, Henry
Ford II Professor of Social Sciences,
Harvard University; Dr. John P.
Roche, Morris Hillquit Professor of
Labor and Social Thought, Brandeis
University; Chairman, Americans for
Democratic Action; Mr. Harold Rosen-
berg, Art and Social Critic; Dr. Alvin
Z. Rubinstein, Associate Professor of
Political Science, University of Penn-
sylvania.
Mr. J. B. Salsberg, Writer; Mr. Maurice
Samuel, Writer; Dr. Meyer Schapiro,
Professor of Art History, Columbia
University; Mr. James H. Scheuer,
Former President, Citizens Housing
and Planning Council of New York
City; Dr. Benjamin I. Schwartz, Profes-
sor of Government, Harvard Univer-
sity; Mr. Max Shaohtman, Socialist
Leader; Historian; Dr. Samuel L. Sharp,
Professor of International Relations,
the American University; Mr. Howard
K. Smith, Political Commentator; Dr.
Gene Sosin, Director of New York
Bureau, Radio Liberty; Mr. I. F. Stone,
editor, I. F. Stone's Weekly; Mr. Rex
Stout, Writer; Miss Marie Syrkin, As-
sociate Professor of ' Humanities,
Brandeis University.
Dr. Telford Taylor, Professor of Law, Co-
lumbia University; Mr. Norman
Thomas, Socialist and Peace 'Leader;
Sponsor, Conference on the Status of
Soviet Jews; Dr. Lionel Trilling, Pro-
fessor of English, Columbia University;
Dr. Melvin Tumin, Professor of Soci-
ology, Princeton University..
Mr. Robert Penn Warren, Novelist and
Poet; Sponsor, Conference on the
Status of Soviet Jews; Dr. Herbert
Wechsler, Harlan Fiske Stone Profes-
sor of Constitutional Law, Columbia
Law School; Dr. Morton White, Pro-
fessor of Philosophy, Harvard Uni-
versity; Mr. Roy Wilkins, Executive
Secretary, National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People; Mr.
David C. Williams, Former National
Director, Americans for Democratic
Action (ADA); Mr. Edward Bennett
Williams, Attorney; Dr. Avrahm Yar-
molinsky, Former Chief, Slavic Di-
vision, New York Public Library.
GENERAL MOTORS EXPANSION
PROGRAM
Mr. KEATING. Mr. President, on
Wednesday of this week Mr. Frederic, G.
Donner, chairman of the board of Gen-
eral Motors Corp., made public General
Motors' capital spending plans for plants
and equipment for the years 1964 and
1965.
In dollars and cents terms, it was re-
vealed that General Motors' program will
entail capital expenditures over the 2-
year period of almost $2 billion, the larg-
est for any such period in its entire his-
tory. Mr. Donner is quoted as having
said that when the projected plants are
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 196.E
Binary and manager of news, flew back to
California'yesterday, a big Washington figure
no more. Mr. Salinger, who resigned as Presi-
dent Johnson's news secretary for the un-
certain future of a California Senate cam-
Ipaign, left behind him a host of friends, a
host of critics, a lot of questions, and an
empty place at the luncheon table at Sans
Souci, a French restaurant of local repute.
No one knew for sure why Mr. Salinger and
President Johnson had come to a parting of
the ways, but the departure of the portly,
igarpufiing news secretary with his specta-
cular vests, Informal manner, and flair for
i;he headlines, was one more indication that
the Washington of John F. Kennedy's day
Was slowly, surely disappearing.
Few Government officials were more close-
ly identified with Mr. Kennedy than was Mr.
Salinger. It was he at whom Mr. Kennedy
aimed his quips during the 50-mile hike
r:raze. It was Mr. Salinger who drank milk
at a news conference when Mr. Kennedy
tried to assure the public against a radiation
:.care (and it was the correspondents, who
.mew the news secretary's real habits, who
gave him a bottle of wine in compensation).
DRIVE HIT CLUBHOUSE
It was "Lucky Pierre," as some of his poker
and golf companions call him, who earned
;.ame for hitting the clubhouse with his
drive when he and Mr. Kennedy played golf
at the Hyannis Port Country Club last sum-
mer.
Mr. Salinger once held a news conference
around a piano at a Hyannis Port restaurant,
end played tennis at the staid Newport Casino
in a yellow shirt and blue shorts--or vice
versa. He appeared in party hats in his White
house office, smoked cigars of Churchillian
length, and probably threw more raises into
more poker pots than any White House
habitue since Warren G. Harding.
For all his colorful ways and what report-
ers thought was a masterly inattention to
detail, Mr. Salinger helped effect profound
changes in presidential press relations. He
put Mr. Kennedy on live television for news
conferences, and that had never been done
before. And he helped arrange Mr. Ken-
nedy's unusual interview with Aleksei I.
Adzhuboi, the-son-in-law of Premier Khru-
s hchev.
When Mr. Johnson took office, Mr. Salinger
was a guiding spirit in the Impromptu news
conferences the new President held In his
office and over a bale of hay at the L.B.J.
(Ranch.
STRESS ON TELEVISION
He came within an inch of arranging an
exchange of television appearances in the So-
viet Union and the United States for Mr.
Kennedy and Mr. Khrushchev, and he put
more emphasis on live television than any
press secretary ever had-Mr. Kennedy's and
Mr. Johnson's nationally televised interviews
with network correspondents, for Instance.
Reporters who worked with Pierre Salinger
day by day viewed him as convival, talented
and dedicated to Mr. Kennedy, but none too
devoted to the interests of the press. Few
accused him of underhanded dealings; but
even fewer believed he lived up to his own
ideal of being a reporter for the press, a man
who would provide other reporters with
s Craight news of the President's activities.
Mr. Salinger.came to the White. House staff
by why of an investigating reporter on the
San Francisco Chronicle, the old Collier's
magazine and services as an investigator on
the Senate committee that investigated labor
racketeering. Robert F. Kennedy was counsel
and Senator John F. Kennedy was a member
of the committee.
When Mr. Johnson took office last Novem-
ber Mr. Salinger seemed to have adjusted to
the Texan's new ways betterthan any other
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member of the Kennedy staff. But within
weeks of the new President's swearing in,
there were rumors that neither man was
entirely happy in the relationship.
Mr. Salinger was born in San Francisco,
January 14, 1925. He has been married to
the former Nancy Joy of Spokane, Wash. He
has three children.
Mr. Salinger's past includes period as a
child pianist of prodigious ability. His
future is unknown, California being a State
the politics of which are extremely difficult
to predict.
As he leaves Washington, those who knew
him here have mixed reactions. There are:
few who will not concede that working with
him was usually fun, frequently exciting, and
sometimes delightful. Nobody ever accused
Pierre Salinger of being a bore.
TWENTY-FOURTH ANNIVERSARY
OF KATYN FOREST MASSACRE
Mr. KEATING. Mr. President, the
first day of this month recalled tragic
memories of the merciless slaughter of
the cream of Polish youth at Katyn.
Forest 24 years ago. The New York Divi-
sion of the Polish-American Congress has
adopted a resolution requesting that the
Secretary of State transfer the docu-
ments of the congressional investigation
into this horrible event to the General.
Assembly of the United Nations. I en-
tirely support this effort to publicize the
barbaric acts of the NKVD.
I_ request unanimous consent that at
the conclusion of my remarks this resolu-
tion be included in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the resolu-
tion was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
RESOLUTION ADOPTED AT COMMEMORATIVE EX-
ERCISES OF THE DOWNSTATE NEW YORK DIVI-
SION OF THE POLISH-AMERICAN CONGRESS,
SUNDAY, MARCH'1, 1964, AT THE POLISH NA-
TIONAL HOME IN NEW YORK CITY
Assembled on this 24th anniversary of the
massacre of nearly 5,000 Polish Army Officers
by Soviet NKVD agents in the Katyn woods
near Smolensk, Russia, we, Americans of
Polish birth or origin, resolve as follows:
Whereas the people of Poland are unable
to express their true sentiments regarding
the Katyn massacre; and
Whereas the guilt for the said massacre
has been duly established by a Special Con-
gressional Katyn Committee under the chair-
manship of Representative RAY J. MADDEN,
of Indiana; and
Whereas a congressional resolution to have
the voluminous documentary data of the
said Special Katyn Committee transmitted
to the General Assembly of the United Na-
tions-was never carried out; and
Whereas previously, the Nuremburg War
Crimes' Tribunal failed to convict the said
NKVD culprits in the Katyn massacre, as
were some Nazi war criminals: therefore
We respectfully petition the Secretary of
State of the United States to order the trans-
mission of the aforesaid Katyn documents to
the General Assembly of the United Nations
for proper action; and
We also entreat the Secretary of State to
consider the grave dangers to our national
security implicit in some phases of the execu-
tion of the present cultural exchange pro-
gram with the U.S.S.R.
IGNATIUS MORAWSKI,
Chairman Resolution Committee.
FRANCIS J. PROCII,
Executive Vice President.
5585
AN APPEAL OF CONSCIENCE FOR
THE JEWS OF THE SOVIET UNION
Mr. KEATING. Mr. President, I am
honored to' join in a most significant
appeal for religious freedom and an end
to discrimination and persecution of
members of the Jewish faith in the Soviet
Union. This appeal, signed by promi-
nent authorities on Soviet political life,
as well as religious leaders, authors,
union leaders, educators, and attorneys,
.should serve an important purpose in
arousing the people of this Nation and
the world as to the extent of the Soviet
repression of Jewish cultural and reli-
gious practices. It deserves the endorse-
ment of national leaders in all fields as
part of an all-out effort to apply pres-
sure on the Soviet Government and to
make known the dismay and revulsion
with which the civilized world looks on
Soviet behavior toward Jewish life and
traditions.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to have printed in the RECORD a
document entitled "An Appeal to Con-
science for the Jews of the Soviet Union."
It is a very moving document, and points
out the plight of the Jews in the Soviet
Union.
There being no objection, the docu-
ment was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
AN APPEAL OF CONSCIENCE FOR THE JEWS OF
THE SOVIET UNION
We appeal to all those in the U.S.S.R. who
genuinely desire the eradication of the evils
of Stalinism and who, with us, thirst for
truth, justice, and decency.
We appeal to the Soviet authorities to act
in this matter on the basis of their own
ideological, constitutional, and legal com-
mitments.
We fervently hope that the following spe-
cific steps may be taken:
1. Jewish education In all its forms should
be permitted.
2. Jewish cultural institutions should be
reopened and Jewish artistic life-literature,
theater, music, in Yiddish and Hebrew--
should be allowed to develop fully.
3. Central institutions to serve the re-
ligious needs of Soviet Jewry should be
established; obstacles to the performance of
sacred rites should be removed.
4. Formal religious and cultural bonds
with Jewish communities abroad should be
allowed, official exchange visits permitted,
and the right to make religious pilgrimages
to the Holy Land granted.
5. Permission for Jews to leave the
U.S.S.R., so that they may be reunited with
families in other lands from whom they have
been separated, should be implemented.
8. The anti-Jewish character that so
strongly colors the official campaign against
economic crimes should be eliminated.
7. A vigorous educational campaign against
anti-Semitism should be undertaken.
We issue this appeal in all solemnity as a
matter of urgency and elementary decency.
We cannot keep silent so long as justice is
not done on this problem.
Dr. Stringfellow Barr, Professor of Hu-
manities, Rutgers University; Dr.
Markus Barth, Professor of Theology,
Pittsburgh Theological Seminary; Mr.
Paul Barton, Chief, Economic and So-
cial Affairs, International Confedera-
tion of Free Trade Unions; Dr. Ray-
mond A. Bauer, Professor of Business
Administration, Harvard University;
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5826 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE March 23.
I have also had reports from other
sources about the seriousness of the situ-
ation and about the need for emergency
action to make it possible for the Jewish
people in the Soviet Union to observe the
Feast of the Passover.
I ask unanimous consent that the news
report in the New York Times be printed
in the RECORD, -along with the text of the
joint resolution.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
joint resolution will be received and ap-
propriately referred; and, without ob-
jection, the joint resolution and article
will be printed in the RECORD, and the
joint resolution will be held at the desk,
as requested by the Senator from Min-
nesota.
The joint resolution (S.J. Res. 164)
calling upon the President of the United
States to use full facilities of our Govern-
ment to make arrangements for and to
bring about delivery of an adequate sup-
ply of matzoth to key centers of Jewish
life in the Union of Soviet Socialist Re-
publics on an emergency basis, so that
the feast of the Passover which begins
at sundown Friday, March 27, and ends
at sundown Saturday, April 4, may be
observed in keeping with 5,724 years of
Jewish tradition introduced by Mr. Mc-
CARTHY, was received, read twice by its
title, referred to the Committee on
Foreign Relations, and ordered to be
printed in the RECORD, as follows:
. Whereas religious liberty is one of the most
cherished rights of American democracy, and
Whereas the securing and protection of
religious liberty is a desired objective of the
United Nations, and
Whereas the limitation or denial of re-
ligious liberty to one religious group or sect
by any member of the United Nations is a
threat to the liberty of all religious groups
and sects, and
Whereas the studied practice of religious
discrimination or persecution by any perma-
nent member of the United Nations Security
Council does violence to the charter of that
organization and gives rise to a serious threat
to peace: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved by the Senate and House
of Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress assembled, That it is
the sense of Congress that the cause of
peace with justice is served by calling upon
the Chairman of the Council of Ministers
and the membership of the Council of Na-
tionalities of the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics to cause an immediate cessation of
all measures which deny to members of the
Jewish faith the free, devotional, and historic
observance of the Feast of the Passover; and
be it further
Resolved, That the President of the United
States is hereby authorized and requested to
use the full facilities of our Government to
make arrangements for and to bring about
the delivery of an adequate supply of mat-
zoth to key centers of Jewish life in the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, on an
emergency basis, so that the Feast of the
Passover which begins at sundown on Fri-
day, March 27, and ends at sundown Satur-
day; April 4, of this year may lie observed in
keeping with five thousand seven hundred
and twenty-four years of Jewish tradition.
The article presented. by Mr. MC-
CARTHY IS as follows:
SOVIET SHUTS DOWN BAKERY FOR MATZOH
(By Henry Tanner)
Moscow, March 15.-Moscow's only matzoh
bakery has been closed by the Soviet au-
thorities after only 2 days of operation.
Chief Rabbi Yehuda Lev Levin, said today
that the bakery, which had been set up in a
rented dwelling, had been closed temporarily
and for sanitary reasons. He appeared to
hope that he might get permission to reopen
it later this week.
The bakery was opened last Wednesday
to produce the unleavened bread for Pass-
over, which begins March 28. According to
unofficial Jewish sources, it produced only
220 pounds of matzoh on the first day and
a similar amount on Thursday.
Members of the Jewish congregation said
the closing on Friday was at the request of
the fire department. The action came at a
time when it had become clear that there
would not be nearly enough matzoh to satisfy
the need of devout Jews during Passover.
There were angry scenes at the Central
Synagogue this morning as elderly Jewish
men. and women, who had come to collect
their share- of matzoh, had to be turned
away empty-handed.
Many of these persons said they had
turned in the flour for their matzoh at the
synagogue and had been promised an equiva-
lent amount of unleavened bread.
Now they have neither flour nor matzoh,
they said. Flour is fairly difficult to get in
Moscow these days and buyers often have to
queue for limited quantities.
Matzoh supplies are also reported to be
insufficient in Leningrad and Kiev, two other
Soviet cities with large Jewish populations.
In Leningrad the Central Synagogue has not
.been able to bake matzoh even though it
has its own baking facilities, according to
unofficial reports.
Georgia is the only part of the country
where matzoh has been baked in approxi-
mately sufficient quantities in past weeks,
private reports said:
The Central Synagogue in Moscow was per-
mitted to improvise a bakery to alleviate
the plight of devout Jews since state-run
bakeries were ordered to stop baking matzoh
two years ago.
There has been no ban on the baking of
matzoh by individual families. If a person
bakes more than is required for his own
needs and sells the surplus, however, he is
breaking Soviet laws against private com-
merce.
Last year three persons were given jail sen-
tences for the illegal sale of matzoh.
SUPPLIES FROM ABROAD
Earlier this month Georgi Lieb, president
of the congregation of Moscow's second syn-
agogue, said he expected shipments of mat-
zoh from abroad to alleviate the shortage.
He said that about 10,000 pounds of matzoh
would be sent from Denmark by Dr. Isaac
Levin of New York, president of the Ameri-
can section of Agudas Israel, and that 1,500
pounds would be sent by Britain's chief
rabbi, Dr. Israel Brodie. There are also re-
ports of offers from Belgium and Israel.
The Soviet authorities are reported to be
allowing private shipments from abroad..
ADDITIONAL TIME FOR JOINT RES-
OLUTION 163 TO LIE ON THE DESK
FOR ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that Senate Joint
Resolution 163, which was introduced
earlier today, be allowed to lie on the
desk for 2 additional days until Friday,
March 27. I do this on behalf of the
senior Senator from Washington [Mr.
MAGNUSON ] .
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
RECESS UNTIL 10 A.M. TOMORROW
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, if
there is no further business to come be-
fore the Senate, I move, pursuant to the
order previously entered, that the Senate
stand in recess until 10 a.m. tomorrow.
The motion was agreed to; and (10
o'clock and 15 minutes p.m.) the Senate
took a recess, under the order previously
entered, until 10 a.m. tomorrow, Tues-
day, March 24, 1964.
NOMINATIONS
Executive nominations received by the
Senate March 23 (legislative day of
March 9), 1964:
IN THE AIR FORCE
The following persons for appointment in
the Regular Air Force, in the grades indi-
cated, under the provisions of section 8284,
title 10, United States Code, with dates of
rank to be determined by the Secretary of
the Air Force:
To be second lieutenants
Abbott, William B., Jr., A03118698.
Acheson, Densel K., A03107857.
Adams, David A., A03116488.
Adams, David A., A03119480.
Adams, George B., Jr., A03108234.
Aiken, Gerald G., A03116865.
Alcini, Gerald L., A03108509.
Aldridge, Robert P., Jr., A03109171.
Allen, Glenn D., Jr., A03118699.
Alsip, Thomas E., A03096196.
Alston, Harold R., A03080214.
Ambrose, William C., A03100228.
Andersen, Jack T., A03115980.
Andersen, Niels B., A03104681.
Anderson, James E., A03106357.
Anderson, Richard C., A03122215.
April, Paul K., A03118467.
Arendt, Melvin L., Jr., A03108066.
Arnaiz, Donald R., A03107305.
Arnold, John D., A03108510.
Arnold, William E., A03117949.
Arthur, Thomas W., A03110171.
Asakura, Takazumi, Jr., A03095576.
Ashe, Braxton W., A03107141.
Asher, Laurence F., A03118447.
Atchison, Richard M., A03122705.
Attix, Harold B., Jr., A03122451.
Atwater, Clayton F., A03105720.
Atwood, Daryl G., A03108667.
Ausman, William H., A03107488.
Auth, Edward G., Jr., AO3117443.
Avizonis, Petras V., A03072359.
Ayers, Norman D., A03118820.
Ayers, Richard G., A03120533.
Baber, Gary P., A03107205.
Bailor, Ronald 0., A03128232.
Bally, Joseph J., III, A03118427.
Baker, Guy F., A03115979.
Baker, Marion K., A03116706.
Baker, Roy T., A03106252.
Baker, Willard L., Jr., A03108368.
Balalis, Paul L., A03107593.
Barazzone, Samuel W., A03116718.
Barber, Hugh W., Jr., AO3108403.
Barker, John L., Jr., A03107517.
Barker, William V. H., A02116895.
Barkhurst, Paul D., A03109329.
Barranco, Stephen S., A03121998.
Barsanti, Ronald F., A03122161.
Barsotti, Paul J., A03118828.
Barthelemy, Richard P., A03118353.
Barton, Roland S., A03116683.
Barwell, Robert R., A03121102.
Bates, Roy 0., Jr., A03108727.
Bauer, John D., A03116761.
Bauernschub, John P., Jr., A03107921.
Bauhahn, Paul E., A03116914.
Bayer, Peter F., A03105306.
Bayer, Roger T., A03116709.
Baylegs, William E., A03100687.
Bazet, Randolph A., Jr., A03121828.
Beam, Richard M., A03072668.
Beasley, Earle C., A03108369.
Beaudry, Richard G., A03108439.
Beers, L. N., A03118155.
Beldy, Andrew J., AO3109082.
Bell, Jerald R., A03118972.
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1964 CONGRESS $.::1:_ F SENATE 5825
In the bill, I see there is provision for the
appointment of a master.
Mr. HUMPHREY. That is correct.
Mr. SMATHERS. And the master
would take the testimony, if facts were
in issue; and he would report to the
court.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Yes; that is sub-
section (f) :
(f) In any case in which the pleadings
present issues of fact, the court may ap-
point a master and the order of reference
may require the master to submit with his
report a recommended order. The master
shall be compensated by-
And so forth.
The hour is late. The Senator has
been very generous with his time. While
the particular section about which we
have been speaking may have its limita-
tion-and there are those who feel very
strongly about the section-?I wish to say
that when I studied it I was very much
impressed by the fact that it was as mod-
erate a fair employment section as I
have ever read. It is based essentially
upon voluntary compliance, and it pro-
vides for the right of the Commission to
take its facts to the courts. If an effort
needs to be made to ascertain what the
facts really are, the court may appoint a
master. The master may take evidence
and make recommendations as to a court
order.
This particular section would require
a good deal of discussion here. I hope
that the Senator from Florida will again,
at the proper time, give us the benefit of
his knowledge on it. I appreciate the
spirit in which the Senator has discussed
the entire bill. It has been. a very help-
ful discussion for the Senate.
Mr. SMATHERS. I thank the Sena-
tor. When I discuss the question again,
which I expect to do, in some respects I
shall be better informed in relation to
certain of its technical features than I
am today.
If we are getting ready to conclude for
tonight-and we have had a 12-hour-10-
minute day up to the present time-I
wish to emphasize the fact that I do not
really believe that this is the way to
answer the problem..
In my judgment title VII is a particu-
larly dangerous section. I believe that
it would create more problems than now
exist. I think that we would see it stulti-
fy the business community in many re-
spects. It would take away from what we
have had up to this point. The business-
man who under our free enterprise
system has the right of choice, the right
to exercise his own managerial judgment,
the right to employ people whom he
thought would be most useful in his par-
ticular concern, would no longer be able _
to do so if the particular section to which
I have referred should be.adopted.
Furthermore, I think it would be a
great harassment to the American busi-
ness community and the free enterprise
system, because while the able Senator
from Minnesota has said that the bill is
moderate with respect to its FEPC sec-
tions, I do not really believe that in the
long run it would do anything other than
require a businessman to hire a prospec-
tive employee because of his race or re-
ligion. For example, there might be a
businessman who has had a history, we
will say, of never having hired anyone
of the Jewish faith previous to the time
that the Commission would be set up.
Perhaps if the bill is passed, he would. be
afraid the Commission would find that
the fact that he had not previously hired
anyone of that faith had "set a pattern."
The Commission might become like
the National Labor Relations Board and
some of the other commissions that lean
all one way, or the employer might be-
lieve the Commission was that way.
Immediately the Commission the first
time someone of that faith comes to
the employer seeking employment, the
employer might think the Commission
would find: "The pattern has already
been set because we see that the busi-
nessman has never hired any men of the
Jewish faith. He has never hired a
Puerto Rican. We see that he has never
hired any men of the colored race."
Therefore he is almost guilty before he
is started, and he might feel it necessary
to hire that applicant regardless of his
appraisal of his ability. There is no pro-
vision in the bill about the prospective
employee's ability. The bill merely pro-
vides that the employer may not refuse
to hire the prospective employee because
of his race or color. The employer might
refuse to hire him and say, "I am not
refusing to hire him because of his color
but because of his lack of ability." When
we look at what he has been doing over
the years, and knowing the pressures
that will be on him if he does not hire
that man, who may have some ability,
but who may not be up to quite the ability
of the man whom the employer would
really like to have, the result might well
be that employer would then be hailed
into court. He then would have to go to
the expense of what would obviously be
a somewhat protracted piece of litigation.
The employer is liable to be found
guilty. He must either hire the pros-
pective employee-even though he does
not want him, even though he does not
think he would fit into his shop, and
even though he believes hiring the man
would be detrimental his his own busi-
ness--or if he did not hire him, he would
be subject to a $300 fine and 45 days in
jail.
I cannot believe that proposed legisla-
tion of the kind of which we are now
speaking would achieve the very lofty
objectives which its sponsors have for it.
On the contrary, I believe that it would
interfere very seriously with rights guar-
anteed to all of our citizens, irrespective
of race, color, or creed. It would have a
devastating effect on our free-enterprise
system. I believe it would lead to more
bureaucracy. I think it is a most unfor-
tunate section. I hope that it will be
dropped from the bill.
Mr. HUMPHREY. The Senator has
not been reading the correct bill. I can
understand after I have heard him dis-
cuss it.
Mr. HILL. Mr. President, will the Sen-
ator yield?
Mr. SMATHERS. I yield.
Mr. HILL. I heartily congratulate the
Senator from Florida on his able speech
and the masterful way in which he has
presented the case against the civil rights
bill.
TRANSACTION OF ADDITIONAL
ROUTINE BUSINESS
By unanimous consent, the following
routine business was transacted:
ADDITIONAL BILLS AND JOINT
RESOLUTION INTRODUCED
An additional bill and joint resolution
were introduced, read the first time, and,
by unanimous consent, the second time,
and referred as follows:
By Mr. HOLLAND:
S. 2678. A bill for the relief of Dr. Victor
M. Ubieta; to the Committee on the Judi-
ciary.
By Mr. McCARTHY:
S.J. Res. 164. Joint resolution calling upon
the President of the United States to use
full facilities of our Government to make
arrangements for and to bring about delivery
of an adequate supply of matzoth to key cen-
ters of Jewish life in the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics on an emergency basis,
so that the Feast of the Passover which be-
gins at Sundown, Friday, March 27, and ends
at sundown Saturday, April 4, may be ob-
served in keeping with 5,724 years of Jewish
tradition; to the Committee on Foreign Re-
lations.
(See the remarks of Mr. McCARTHY when
he introduced the above joint resolution,
which appear under a separ hea ing.)
FURNISHING OF MATZOTH TO JEW-
ISH PEOPLE IN SOVIET RUSSIA
Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. President, I in-
troduce, for appropriate reference a
joint resolution calling upon the Presi-
dent to use the full facilities of our Gov-
ernment to make arrangements on an
emergency basis for the delivery of an.
adequate supply of matzoth to the key
centers of Jewish life in the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics, so the Feast
of the Passover may be observed in keep-
ing with over 5,000 years of Jewish tra-
dition.
This joint resolution is a companion.
to one introduced in the House of Rep-
resentatives by Representative FEIGHAN
on March 18. I ask that it remain at the
desk until the close of Senate session.
Wednesday, March 25, so other Senators.
may have an opportunity to sponsor the
resolution.
The Feast of the Passover commemo-
rates the great event in Jewish life of
the liberation of Israel from bondage in
Egypt. It is the festival of freedom, and
this year it will be observed from sun-
down on March 27 to April 4. Of course.
the unleavened bread, matzoth, is a ne-
cessity for observance of the feast.
Last week the New York Times car-
ried a disturbing article about the recent
Soviet action in closing the only matzoth
bakery in Moscow. This was the latest
in a series of actions by, the Soviet offi-,
cials which have resulted in a shortage
of matzoth available to the Jewish peo-?
ple. Shortages of matzoth are reported
in other cities, and even if the Moscow
bakery is reopened, it is inadequate to
meet the need.
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1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
temper. and faithfulness to man. Also from
the Newfoundland come the double coat,
furry underneath, long and curly above, and
the oil secretion from the skin, which to-
gether enable the animal to withstand, fre-
quent plunges into freezing water to re-
trieve game. The Water Spaniel probably
bequeathed superior retrieving abilities, and
an obvious and remarkable love of sport.
The Hound strain evidently contributed to
the dog's strong power of scent, and to its
extraordinary hardihood and endurance.
The varied colors of the miscellaneous
crosses, the yellow and tan of the Hound,
and the black and white of the Water Spaniel
and Newfoundland, blended to produce the
Chesapeake's characteristic liver color.
In 1877, some of the descendants of Sailor
and Canton were brought together at the
poultry and fanciers' show at Baltimore.
Despite the hodgepodge breeding separately
pursued on the two shores of the Chesapeake
Bay, the eastern and western shore dogs
were found to be so alike in characteristics
and conformation that they were together
recognized as a distinct breed, and named
the Chesapeake Bay ducking dog, or Chesa-
peake Bay retriever. They were divided into
three classes: the otter dog, with wavy al-
most kinky, short hair; the curly dog, with
longer hair; and the straight-haired dog. All
were reddish-brown in color, and generally
had a white spot on the breast. With time
these distinctions tended to disappear, and
the color of the dogs shaded to the color of
dead grass.
Through records of the dogs exhibited at
the show of 1877, the blood of Sailor and
Canton can be traced to the later celebrated
kennel owned by Mr. Dwight Mallory, at
Twin Oaks, on Back River.
Twin Oaks was one of the ducking shores
owned by Mr. Edward S.. Bartlett, who was
Mr. Mallory's father-in-law. Together with
his partner, Thomas J. Hayward, Mr. Bart-
lett also owned ducking shores at Otter
Point, on the Bush River, and Taylor's
Island in the Upper Chesapeake Bay. It
was natural that such sporting enthusiasts
as Mr. Bartlett and Mr. Hayward should have
placed before their establishment the sym-
bols of their favorite sport, as monument
and talisman.
Successors to the firm's original partners
have kept the dogs and enjoyed the tradi-
tion, which has been strengthened by an
interruption. Some years ago the dogs were
removed, in the course of a redesign of the
office building. Hard times followed, Which
some credited directly to the absence of the
dogs. They were found and replaced, on
either side of the Bartlett-Hayward doorway,
where they stand today, to welcome visitors,
and signify the firm's continuing prosperity.
MARIETTA P. TREE CALLS ON U.N.
COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
TO CONDEMN NTI-SEMITISM
(Mr. RYAN of New and
was given permission to extend his re-
marks at this point in the RECORD and
to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. RYAN of New York. Mr. Speak-
er, I have long been concerned with the
plight of Jews in the Soviet Union and
have urged that the United States take
appropriate action regarding . Soviet
anti-Semitism. House Concurrent Res-
olution 268 which I sponsored is directed
toward this issue.
In December 1963, in a speech on the
floor of the House documenting the ex-
tent of anti-Semitism in the Soviet
Union, I said that the United Nations
Commission on Human Rights should
address itself to this issue and "bring
pressure on the Soviet Union to cease its Anti-Semitism is ethnic, in terms of culture,
campaign of religious suppression and tradition, language, and inheritance. In ad-
discrimination against 3 million of its dition to their religion, the vast majority of
citizens." Jewish persons share a historic, cultural,
and linguistic past, which constitute a com-
l
d th
t
h
am p
ease
a
on Marc
12, 1964,
a U.S. delegate to the United Nations,
Mrs. Marietta P. Tree, who is the U.S.
representative in the United Nations
Commission on Human Rights, urged
the Commission on Human Rights to in-
clude a new article condemning anti-
Semitism in the Convention on the Elim-
ination of All Forms of Racial Discrimi-
nation.
In asking that the United Nations
record its opposition to the "violent and
hateful disease of anti-Semitism,"
Mrs. Marietta P. Tree made clear the po-
sition of the United States on this vital
question. Although her speech did not
mention the Soviet Union by name, it is
obviously aimed at Soviet anti-Semi-
tism. I hope that the Commission on
Human Rights will bring ceaseless
pressure on the Soviet Union until reli-
gious persecution and discrimination are
eliminated.
Mr. Speaker, Mrs. Marietta P. Tree
said eloquently:
Mr. Chairman, if we are serious about this
Convention, if we are really trying to con-
struct a document which will be meaning-
ful in eliminating racial discrimination in
all its forms, then let us strike boldly at all
the forms of racial and ethnic discrimina-
tion. Let us strike frankly and speak plain-
ly of anti-Semitism.
I include her speech at this point in
the RECORD:
STATEMENT BY MRS. MARIETTA P. TREE, U.S.
REPRESENTATIVE IN THE UNITED NATIONS
COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS, INTRODUC-
ING THE U.S. ARTICLE ON ANTI-SEMrrISM
FOR INCLUSION IN THE CONVENTION ON THE
ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF RACIAL DIS-
CRIMINATION, MARCH 11, 1964
Mr. Chairman, my delegation has asked
for the floor in order to introduce the U.S.
proposal for a new article condemning anti-
Semitism. We would like this proposal to
be included in the record on this ' item even
though the Commission may not have time
to consider it in detail.
That such condemnation is needed is clear.
Anti-Semitism has been a danger in the
past . and it is a danger today. The daily
press constantly carries reports of Jews sin-
gled out for heavier punishment that others
convicted of the same crimes, and of Jewish
groups denied rights to publish and to carry
on activities permitted without question to
other groups. While the burden appears
greater in some countries than in others,
the study made by the Subcommission on
Discrimination and Minorities in 1960 showed
anti-Semitic incidents occurring in many
different countries-often ignorant mischief
but all too often persecution and destruction,
Surely, no one here can deny facts coming
to us from many sources or the need to reach
into the attitudes and habits of thought
which nourish anti-Semitism. My purpose
in this statement is to deal with only two
questions-why there should be an article
on anti-Semitism in this particular conven-
tion, and what form it should take.
First, does an article on anti-Semitism
belong to a Convention on the Elimination
of All Forms of Racial Discrimination?
The Convention defines racial discrimina-
tion as any distinction based on "race, color,
national, or ethnic origin." Inclusion of a
special article against anti-Semitism does
not imply that Jewish persons are to be
considered as constituting a separate race.
mon ethnic origin.
Anti-Semitism has often used a difference
in religious practices as a pretext for dis-
crimination, and I am sure that the declara-
tion against religious intolerance will deal.
with its religious aspects. However, Jews
who have associated themselves with other
churches and modes of thought continue to
suffer prejudice and discrimination because
of their ancestry. Under these circumstances
our convention would be less than complete
if it failed to take cognizance of what in our
own day has been the most horrifying result
of racial hatred ever known: the planned
program of annihilation that reduced the
world population of Jews by one person out of
every three. Furthermore, omission of a
specific reference to anti-Semitism in this
convention might be subject to misinterpre-
tation. We condemn anti-Semitism in any
form, and regardless of any pretext for it,
and this is the reason we have sought its
inclusion in this convention.
In short, the purpose of this article is to
condemn anti-Semitism whether manifested
as a form of racial discrimination or other
wise. To make this crystal clear, the United
States is submitting a slightly revised text to
read as follows:
"States parties condemn anti-Semitism,
whether manifested as a form of racial dis-
crimination or otherwise, and shall take
action as appropriate for its speedy eradica-
tion in the territories subject to their juris-
diction."
Second, as to the form in which we should
condemn anti-Semitism. The U.S. proposal
1s in the form of a separate article, rather
than an amendment to some more general
article, because we believe anti-Semitism is
a particularly virulent form of ethnic dis-
crimination and that all countries should be
alerted to its danger.
For that reason I regret that the U.S.S.R.
has suggested a series of amendments to our
proposed article which confuse anti-Semi-
tism with nazism, genocide, and other terms
to make it only one of a list of possible errors
in recent thought. Let us be honest here
and recognize that anti-Semitism is a pres-
ent as well as past danger, that it exists in
countries where nazism is unknown and in
forms which are infinitely cruel but may not
be genocide, that it cannot be covered up
forever by recalling the crimes of Hitler and
the horrors of concentration camps, and
that people everywhere must become freshly
sensitive to its meaning and its reality. Let
us be honest to realize how anti-Semitism
has fed the evil purposes of dictators, Hitler
included, and is being exploited even today
to turn groups against each other and de-
flect attention from the failures of govern-
ments and the ineptitude of public adminis-
trators. We are opposed to the amendments
of the U.S.S.R. because we believe .they tend
to minimize the urgency of this question, and
suggest that anti-Semitism is not a matter
of immediate and basic concern.
Since the defeat of Nazi Germany no
state has pursued an overt and declared
policy of genocide against an ethnic group.
But we must recognize that some states
where laws forbid discrimination in the most
forceful terms nevertheless carry on policies
which are designed to have the effect of
obliterating an ethnic group. The biological
differences of race cannot be exterminated
by cultural deprivations, but ethnic differ-
ences, and sometimes nationality differences,
are absolutely dependent on language,
schools, publications, and other cultural in-
stitutions in order to survive. Cut an ethnic
or national tradition off from these, and it
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORI) - HOUSE March 25
will die, however nourished the body of the
citizen is by food, clothing, and shelter.
We must deal with anti-Semitism even
when it takes the forms of deprivation of
the religious and cultural heritage which
makes this group unique. We should make
it clear that a state which makes provision
for German. language schools for that ethnic
group should not deny Yiddish or Hebrew
schools to its Jews; that a state which can
permit national and regional organizations
of some ethnic groups should, under the
principle of nondiscrimination, permit the
same for Jews; that a state which permits
recognized leaders of every other group to
travel abroad to conferences and holy places
should not be able to deny that right to
Jewish leaders; that a state that finds facil-
ities to publish textual materials in the
language and traditions of some groups
should not be able to deny this right to
Jewish groups; that a state which is able
to tolerate the differences in 100 national-
ities should have no right, whatever to
extinguish those differences in the 101st.
We are not living in a world in which
racial genocide would be permitted. But
there can be such a thing as cultural or
even ethnic genocide.
Mr. Chairman, if we are serious about
this Convention, if we are really trying to
construct a document which will be mean-
ingful in eliminating racial discrimination
in all its forms, then let us strike boldly at
all the forms of racial and ethnic discrimi-
nation. Let us_ strike frankly and speak
plainly of anti-Semitism.
Our amendment is designed to do this-,-
to represent at least a starting point by put-
ting the United Nations on record as opposed
to this violent and hateful disease of anti-
Semitism. We hope that all other nations
will suppdi't our proposal.
Mr. Chairman; the intention of the Gen-
eral Assembly, as stated in the Declaration
on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
Discrimination, was to condemn all types
of discrimination based on the simple fact of
prejudice against the group into which a
person is born, whether that group is dis-
tinguished by race or color, or by ethnic
origin. That is also the basis of this Con-
vention-as spelled out in the definition,
and as stated throughout the articles we
have already adopted. I hope the U.S. pro-
will be adopted unanimously in this
Commission, without crippling amendments.
THE 46TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
OF BYELORUSSIA
(Mr. LIBONATI asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD.)
Mr. LIBONATI. Mr. Speaker, the 46th
anniversary of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence of Byelorussia is commemo-
rated in sadness this 25th day of March
1964.
The dismal fate of the Byelorussians
independence declared on March 25,
1918--shortly after the disintegration of
the Russian Empire-and its almost im-
mediate absorption by the Union of the
Soviet Socialist Republics imposing upon
it a fictitious statehood, are well known
to the nations of the free world. It is a
controlled colony of the Russian nation.
Their intellectuals have been oppressed
and decimated in great numbers. Its
peoples have been brainwashed and sub-
jected to continuous Russification by
communistic administrative personnel,
including army, and by propagandistic
action.
The granting of United Nations status
by the Russians is nullified by the
prescription that only a Russian can
represent the Byelorussians abroad.
Byelorussian publications and-litera-
ture are suppressed and Russian litera-
ture and publications on purely Russian
subjects flood the land. Influenced pres-
sure is used to force Byelorussian litera-
ture and publications to use Russian
subjects such as Lenin, Russian military.
problems and accomplishments, eco-
nomic and political problems of the
U.S.S.R., and to atheistic actions.
Its religious life is dominated by Rus-
sian views, and expressed in the Russian
language. In 1960 there were 2,614
Greek Orthodox parishes-at present less
than 200;? the Roman Catholic reduced
from 456 to less than 20. Similar condi-
tions prevail as to the Jewish synagogues
and Protestant churches, and other de-
nominations.
The Government newspapers -give
prominence to numerous atheistic arti-
cles. Atheistic books are printed in
mass.
Political terror spreads its fanged seer-
ing search even in the court trials of
political personages. Wide publicity is
given to these proceedings and the re-
sulting death penalties.
Mass deportations of the youth,to Si-
berian Forests and virgin farm, and min-
ing areas of Russia.
In spite of all these pressures and op-
pressive measures-these formidable and
independent freedom loving people have
maintained their religious beliefs and
are untouched in their love of democracy
institutions and the will of the people to
control in governmental affairs.
The Central Committee in Moscow has
viewed with serious apprehension the
failure and shortcomings of the methods-
used in propagandizing the Byelorussian
people to change their viewpoints on
ideology, religion, and nationalism.
The theory of coexistence has not
worked. The tensions against the peo-
ple of the U.S.S.R. and their :philosophy
of life are ever present.
These brave people are looking to us
to roll over their military foes. They are
ready to join up in any effort that will
restore their country's freedom in gov-
ernment. The oppressed nations seek
Our support toward their ultimate
liberation. The right of self-determina-
tion for all nations must not be limited
to the Asian and African nations but to
those also under the Soviet yoke. The
nations of the West have voluntarily or
under colony pressure given up control
of their colonial lands-Russia has been
vehement in her support of these issues
on the side of the .peoples seeking their
independence. Now it is her turn to do
likewise for these nations held captive
under Soviet domination. The Byelo-
russian people are celebrating their 46th
anniversary of their independence. How
long must this unfortunate nation wait
to be given her freedom as an inde-
pendent nation.
The United States is blessed with a
leadership that is personified by the epi-
tome of "courage." Our martyred Pres-
ident, John Kennedy, in his every action
had demonstrated a longing eye toward
the realization of this goal--the freedom
of all captive nations.
The positive actions of President
Lyndon Johnson in his foreign policy
toward the captive nations, reflects the
same desire as his predecessor. We are
fortunate in having his leadership.
The Department of State could allevi-
ate these conditions somewhat by sum-
mary action now.
There would be a more favorable
climate as a result of Our program of
cultural exchange between the 'United
States and the Soviet Union, if groups of
artists were interchanged between the
respective countries. The question of
language usage would not be too great
a handicap under proper supervision
and modern electronic interpretation
systems. The uplifting of the spirit of
independence in the masses would be
stimulated by viewing the performances
of our artists-the Americans likewise
would appreciate the artistic efforts of
the Byelorussian performers. The Byel-
orussian cities visited would enthusi-
astically and with deep appreciation
welcome the performance of the Ameri-
can group. The tie of cultural exchange
would keep' alive the fires of freedom.
Our State Department should also
negotiate arrangements for the visita-
tion of American citizens in. greater
numbers in order to permit thousands of
those of Byelorussian ancestry to visit
their relatives in their native villages
and farm homes as part of the family,
and to have free access of travel
throughout the Nation.
The present arrangements are not
only limited in quota, but also in travel
to limited designated places by the Rus-
sian authorities. The practice today is
to have the relatives of American citi-
zens meet them at certain -places where
certain accommodations are designated
by the authorities.
Under President Lyndon Johnson, the
United States stands beside the Byelorus-
sian people in their desire for the realiza-
tion of full political independence. The
Byelorussians are steeped in their sup-
pressed desire for a separate autonomy
from the Russian way of PRfe. The youths
of the nation are irreconcilable to the
Russian doctrine on the philosophy of
life. Even publicly showing their dis-
taste and dissatisfaction over living con-
ditions. The Voice of America broad-
casts have not been wasted on these
courageous people, yet fails to mention
the non-Russian people living under Rus-
sian rule.
It is needless to say that March 25 can
not be outwardly celebrated by the Byelo-
russians without being accused of treason
against Russia by the puppets in au-
thority-yet their hearts filled with the
memory of their lost independence still
secretly enkindle the fires of a freedom
test, and a hope that the United States
as a nation and the Americans of Byelo-
russian ancestry aid them in their sorry
lot to regain their freedom as a nation.
Historians in the near future will write
down the realization of the hopes of man-
kind in strong language, descriptive of
$tern action. Let us pray that the fu-
ture of mankind be written in an aura of
peace. To think otherwise is to fortell
the doom of mankind forever.
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1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 5949
utmost affection that I wish him well,
and hope and pray for his return to work
and service in full,health for many years
to come.
Mr. GUBSER. Mr. Speaker, the dis-
tinguished president of Mr. Hoover's
alma mater has authorized me to con-
vey the following message which I read
at this point:
DEAR CHIEF: I understand some of your
friends are putting together a packet of
get well wishes. I'm happy to be one of them.
All Stanford joins me in wishing you the
best.
Yours,
J. E. WALLACE STERLING,
President, Stanford University.
In, today's issue the Palo Alto Times
will join in this "Get well" wish for
President Hoover. Under the terms of
my unanimous-consent request I am
pleased to include an advance copy of
the Times editorial which will appear
today.
The House of Representatives made it a
special order of business today to tell Her-,
bert Hoover with deep feeling, "Get well, Mr.
President."
Representative CHARLES S. GuBSER voiced
that wish for himself and his constituents-
including the people of Palo Alto, the town
Mr. Hoover called home while President. He
also conveyed greetings from Stanford Presi-
dent Wallace Sterling and other university
officials.
Mr. Hoover is convalescing in New York
City from an illness that grew critical for
several days last month. He fought it off
with typical determination.
"The Chief" long ago convinced his Stan-
ford community admirers that his physical
constitution is as exceptional as his far-
ranging mental powers. He has set a peer-
less example of remaining productively occu-
pied in retirement.
We look forward to marking Mr. Hoover's
90th birthday in August.
Mr. Speaker, with a minimum of effort
I could have filled this RECORD with hun-
dreds of tributes and wishes for Mr.
Hoover's speedy recovery. But quantity
is not a true measure of sincerity.
Herbert Clark Hoover is revered and
respected by all Americans. So on be-
half of them we, who have been priv-
ileged to join together in this modest
tribute, extend our good wishes and say
RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION IN-
CREASES IN U.S.S.R.
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.
MILLS). Under previous order of--the
House, the gentleman from Ohio [Mr.
FEIGHANI is recognized for 15 minutes.
Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr.- Speaker, the
March 1964 issue of Freedom's Facts,
published by the All-American Confer-
ence To Combat Communism, carries a
timely and important article on "Reli-
gious Persecution Increases in U.S.S.R."
The information contained in this ar-
ticle points, up the systematic persecu-
tion of all people of all religious faiths
in the U.S.S:R. It is timely because
Christian believers the world over will
observe this week the Feast of the Res-
urrection and Jewish believers the world
over will observe the Feast'of the Pass-
over beginning at sundown on Friday,
March 27.
All who believe in God or a Supreme.
Being have concern and compassion for
those who suffer religious persecution in
lands across the sea. Religious liberty
is one of the most cherished rights of
American democracy and we protect
that right because we know that without
its safekeeping all our liberties will be
lost.
The article reads as follows:
RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION INCREASES IN U.S.S.R.
In 1958 the Kremlin launched a 7-year
campaign to destroy religion in the U.S.S.R.
The campaign's main elements are:
1. Tightening restrictions upon priests,
ministers, and rabbis.
2. Isolation of children and young people
from religious contacts and Instruction.
3. Prohibition against the raising of funds.
for the support of churches, or synagogues.
4. Constant barrages of antireligious prop-
aganda in schools, on radio and TV, in
speeches at factory and club meetings, and
elsewhere.
5. Persecution, arrest and even execution
of believers on whatever charges can be
trumped up.
This antireligious campaign has been
running in the Soviet Union for over 5 years
with little notice from the outside world.
Now the lid is blowing off.
JEWISH GROUPS TO MEET
Twenty-four Jewish religious and secular
groups will meet in Washington, D.C., April
5 and 6 to consider the problem of oppres-
sion against Jews living in the Soviet Union.
Two of the 24 groups-the American Jew-
ish Committee and the Jewish War Veterans
of the U.S.A.-are participants in the All-
American Conference To Combat Commu-
nism.
What are the particulars? Over the past
few years Jews have been singled out for
persecution and even execution for alleged
commission of economic crimes against the
Soviet Union.
These crimes have included baking and
distributing matzoth, unleavened bread,
used in the observance of Passover; the sale
.of items to raise money to support the few
synagogues left in the U.S.S.R.; manufactur-
ing and selling consumer goods which the
official Communist State apparatus are un-
able to provide for its people.
FEW SYNAGOGUES OR CHURCHES LEFT IN U.S.S.R.
Today there are fewer than 100 syna-
gogues and religious institutions in the
U.S.S.R. to care for one-fifth of the Jewish
population of the world.
Based upon exhaustive research, Jewish
leaders have concluded that the Jews in the
U.S.S.R. are now threatened with disintegra-
tion and obliteration. As under the Nazis, in
fact, Jews in the U.S.S.R. now must carry
cards identified with a large "J."
But Jews are not alone the victims of per-
secution and arrest. Passports have been
taken from orthodox monks who are then
arrested and imprisoned for living without
the proper identification papers. Monks
have been forced from monasteries into
parishes; the parishes are closed, and the
monks have been arrested for being home-
less vagabonds.
In Poland, supposedly a liberal area in the
Communist bloc when it comes to religion,
priests have been prohibited from visiting
parishioners in their homes. They have
been prevented from speaking of religion
outside of their churches, and the number
of churches has been severely limited.
Cardinal Wyszynski a few weeks ago dis-
played extreme courage in delivering a ser-
mon in a tool shed to dramatize the Commu-
nist policy of limiting the number of
churches permitted in the country.
SOVIET AIM: STAMP OUT RELIGION.
The unmistakable Communist aim is to
stamp out all religion in the U.S.S.R., and
then follow through by stamping At out in
all areas under Communist rule.
Why this hysterical persecution of re-
ligion? Communism is the doctrine of ma-
terialism, the doctrine of atheism. Re-
ligion-whether Jewish, Christian, Moslem,
Buddhist, or Hindu-is the belief in a power
higher than man, higher than all visible
matter. Religious belief is a direct denial
of communism. Ultimately, one or the other
must rule men's minds.
And this scares the masters in the
Kremlin. Young people in the Soviet Union
are restless now. They are bored. They see
little future for themselves in a life-stifling
totalitarian system. They are ripe for new
ideas. They are ripe for religion.
The Communist reaction is to intensify its
drive in schools, on radio and television, in
the press, in talks at factories and in clubs
to extend indoctrination of the public in
atheism.
A recently issued Kremlin order proclaims
that children and young people "will be in-
creasingly protected from the influence of
church people and from their parents should
they force them to carry on religious activi-
ties."
So a life-and-death struggle between com-
munism and religion is now going on inside
the Soviet Union. Can you do anything
about it? Of course'.
ACTION YOU CAN TAKE
Whether you do anything or not, natu-
rally, is up to you. Here, however, are some
ideas of what you can do if you do decide
to do something:
Support every effort of your church or
synagogue to revive and stimulate religious
life inside of the Soviet Union and elsewhere
behind the Iron and Bamboo Curtains.
Support the broadcast of religious pro-
grams to peoples "of the U.S.S.R. and of all
captive nations.
Support public demands for a complete
disclosure and condemnation of Communist
oppression of religion and persecution of
believers.
Consistenly point out and urge others to
point out that Communists are atheists who
aggressively seek to undermine and oblit-
erate religious observances and religious be-
lief everywhere, including in the United
States.
Your support; however much or little it
may be, can be the needed extra measure to
turn the tide against tyranny and toward
freedom inside of all Communist-ruled
ANTI-SEMITISM AND THE UNITED
NATIONS
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from New York [Mr. HALPERNI is
recognized for 20 minutes.
Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, re-
cently I learned that the Human Rights
Commission of the United Nations, in its
consideration of the Draft Convention
on Racial Discrimination, had discussed
and forwarded to the Economic and So-
cial Council a provision condemning
anti-Semitism as an international
offense.
It is my understanding that although
the Economic and Social Council may
not have time to take up the issue at its
forthcoming July. meeting, the General
Assembly will definitely deliberate upon
the matter during its regular session In
the fall.
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5950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
I should make clear that the Human
Rights Commission did not adopt the
anti-Semitism clause in the usual sense
of that term; nor did it formally vote
or debate the language of the section
as proposed by the American delegate.
It decided, very simply, to forward the
proposal as a suitable insertion in the
Draft Convention on the Elimination of
All Forms of Racial Discrimination.
Nevertheless, this accomplishment
cannot be underestimated. The Ameri-
can delegation to the Human Rights
Commission deserves our gratitude and
praise for its stanch perseverance.
The initial success was not at all assured.
It is our hope that this small, yet mean-
ingful, first step will eventually yield
the forthright universal condemnation
of anti-Semitism which we seek.
The article, as proposed by Mrs.
Marietta Tree for insertion in the Draft
Convention on the Elimination of All
Forms of Racial Discrimination, reads as
f Ollows :
States parties condemn anti-Semitism and
shall take action as appropriate for its speedy
eradication in the territories subject to their
jurisdiction.
In advocating this step, we are recog-
nizing anti-Semitism as a form of racial
discrimination. That is to say, mani-
festations of anti-Semitism are primarily
ethnic; they arise as an attack upon a,
culture, tradition, language, and inherit-
ance, rather than constituting an ex-
clusively religious bias. We are not say-
ing that the Jews constitute a separate
race. But we are recognizing that the
Jewish community possesses a common
ethnic origin, and that anti-Semitism
as such directs itself most frequently
against that distinctness.
Within the context of the pending
treaty we are speaking of anti-Semitism
as a public policy, actively or subtly per-
petrated by a government. The article,
realized as an organic part of the Con-
vention, will depend upon the Conven-
tion's implementing clauses for its proper
execution.
This may involve the International
Court of Justice at The Hague, or some
more informal avenue. In any case,
there must be more than strictly :na-
tional enforcement, and I am certain
that our Government accepts this view
as a necessary adjunct of the Convention
as a whole.
Mr. Speaker, we shall be watching de-,
velopments carefully throughout the
year, and I am hopeful that the organs
of the United Nations will act to Incor-
porate an anti-Semitism clause in
deliberating upon the draft covenant on
racial discrimination.. I am aware of
the difficulties and complexities. But our
initial success makes me reasonably opti-
mistic, and I urge upon our Government
the energetic perseverance which to date
has yielded impressive results.
In 1962, I submitted a resolution ex-
pressing the sense of this House that the
United States work through the United
Nations in securing a U.N. General As-
sembly condemnation of anti-Semitism.
This resolution was directed at the So-
viet Union, which hitherto has been the
most flagrant violator of the human
right to preserve and extend an ethnic,
religious, or cultural identity. :I still ad-
vocate this step.
It is true that the recently proposed
article does not mention a state by
name. We must realize that as far as
the Draft Convention on the Elimina-
tion of All Forms of Racial Discrimina-
tion is concerned, any attempt to single
out a nation by direct reference, espe-
cially a great power, would doom the en-
tire effort at the start.
But it is indisputably clear that the
proposed clause has universal applica-
tion. Anti-Semitism will be condemned
by all signatory states, and all those
states, including the Soviet Union if she
ultimately ratifies, will pledge them-
selves to erase the ugliness of this out-
rageous practice.
So I commend the progress evidenced
of late in the United Nations. I fur-
ther urge upon our Government to exert
its full powers in the future for the ulti-
mate incorporation of an anti-Semitism
provision in the Draft Convention on
Racial Discrimination. This country
can make no more meaningful contribu-
tion toward the achievement of univer-
sally recognized human rights than to
lead, and to succeed in, this endeavor to
eradicate the disgrace of anti-Semitism
wherever It exists.
I would like at this point to include
in the RECORD the statement of Mrs.
Marietta P. Tree, U.S. representative in
the United Nations Human Rights Com-
mission, which the American delegate
gave before the Commission on March
12:
STATEMENT BY MRS. MARIETTA P. TREE, U.S.
REPRESENTATIVE IN THE UNITED NATIONS
COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
Mr. Chairman, my delegation has, asked
for the floor in order to introduce the U.S.
proposal for a new article condemning anti-
Semitism. We would like this proposal to
be included in the record on this item even
though the Commission may not have time
to consider it in detail.
- That such condemnation is needed is clear.
Anti-Semitism has been a danger in the
past and It is a danger today. The daily
press constantly carries reports of - Jews
singled out for heavier punishment: than
others convicted of the same crimes, and of
Jewish groups denied rights to publish and
to carry on activities permitted without
question to other groups. While the burden
appears greater in some countries that in
others, the study made by the Subcommis-
sion on Discrimination and Minorities In
19130 showed anti-Semitic incidents occur-
ring in many different countries--often ig-
norant mischief but all too often persecu-
tion and destruction. Surely no one here
can deny facts coming to us from many
sources or the need to reach into the atti-
tudes and habits of thought which nourish
anti-Semitism. My purpose in this state-
ment Is to deal with only two questions:
Why there should be an article on anti-
Semitism in this particular Convention, and
what form it should take.
First, does an article on anti-Semitism
belong in a convention on the Elimination
of All Forms of Racial Discrimination?
The convention defines recial discrimina-
tion as any distinction based on "race, color,
national, or ethnic origin." Inclusion of a
special article against anti-Semitism does
not imply that Jewish persons are to be con-
sidered as constituting a separate race.
Anti-Semitism is ethnic, in terms of culture,
tradition, language, and inheritance. In
addition to their religion, the vast majority
of Jewish persons share an historic, cul-
March 24
tural, and linguistic past, which constitutes
a common ethnic origin.
Anti-Semitism has often used a difference
in religious practices as a pretext for dis-
crimination, and I am sure that the declara-
tion against religious Intolerance will deal
with its religious aspects. However, Jews
who have associated themselves with other
churches and modes of thought continue to
suffer prejudice and discrimination because
of their ancestry. Under these circum-
stances, our convention would be less than
complete if it failed to take cognizance of
what in our own day has been the most hor-
rifying result of racial hatred ever known,
the planned program of annihilation that re-
duced the world population of Jews by one
person out of every three. Furthermore,
omission of a specific reference to anti-
Semitism in this convention might be sub-
ject to misinterpretation. We condemn
anti-Semitism in any form, and regardless
of any pretext for it, and this is the reason
we have- sought its inclusion in this conven-
tion.
In short, the purpose of this article is to
condemn. anti-Semitism whether manifested
as a form of racial discrimination or other-
wise. To make this crystal clear, the United
States is submitting a slightly revised text
to read as follows:
"States parties condemn anti-Semitism
and shall take action as appropriate for its
speedy eradication in the territories subject
to their jurisdiction."
Second, as to the form in which we should
condemn anti-Semitism. The U.S. proposal
Is in the form of a separate article, rather
than an amendment to some more general
article, because we believe anti-Semitism is
a particularly virulent form of ethnic dis-
crimination and that an countries should be
alerted to its danger.
For that reason I regret that the U.S.S.R.
has suggested a series of amendments to our
proposed article which confuse anti-Semi-
tism with nazism, genocide and other terms
to make it only one of a list of possible er-
rors in recent thought. Let us be honest
here and recognize that anti-Semitism is a
present as well as past danger, that it exists
in countries where nazism is unknown and
in forms which are infinitely cruel but may
not be genocide, that it cannot be covered
up forever by recalling the crimes of Hitler
and the. horrors of concentration camps, and
that people everywhere must become freshly
sensitive to its meaning and its reality. Let
us be honest to realize how anti-Semitism
has fed the evil purposes of dictators, Hitler
included, and is being exploited even today
to turn groups against each other and deflect
attention from the failures of governments
and the ineptitude of public administrators.
We are opposed to the amendments of the
U.S.S.R. because we believe they tend to
minimize the urgency of this question, and
suggest that anti-Semitism is not a matter
of immediate and basic concern.
Since the defeat of Nazi Germany no state
has pursued an overt and declared policy of
genocide against an ethnic group. But we
must recognize that some states where laws
forbid discrimination in the most forceful
terms nevertheless carry on policies which
are designed to have the effect of obliterating
an ethnic group. The biological differences
of race cannot be exterminated by cultural
deprivations, but ethnic differences, and
sometimes nationality differences, are abso-
lutely dependent on language, schools, pub-
lications, and other cultural institutions in
order to survive. Cut an ethnic or national
tradition off from these, and it will die, how-
ever nourished the body of the citizen is by
food, clothing, and shelter.
We must deal with anti-Semitism even
when it takes the forms of deprivation of
the religious and cultural heritage which
makes this group unique. We should make
it clear that a state which makes provision
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 5951
for German language schools for that ethnic strong statement and declared that he
group should not deny Yiddish or Hebrew was, really talking about taking this
schools to its 'Jews; that a state which can money from departments and agencies
permit national and regional organizations which had more than enough and giving
of some ethnic groups should, under the it to a new poverty program which would
principle of nondiscrimination, permit the
same for Jews; that a state which permits be a have not. A close reading of the
recognized leaders of every other group to statement which was issued by the White
travel abroad to conferences and holy places House following the January 15, 1964
should not be able to deny that right to meeting with medicare leaders would not
,Jewish leaders; that a state that finds facili- seem to support this contention. I am
ties to publish textual materials in the lan-
guage and traditions of some groups should ment at the conclusion of these remarks.
not be able to deny this right Jewish There are several glaring holes in the
groups; that a state which is able to o tolerate
the differences in 100 nationalities should President's explanations. First, he was
hate no right whatever to extinguish those not talking about the poverty program
differences in the 101st. when addressing the pro-medicare
We are not living in a world in which group. He was talking about meeting
racial genocide would be permitted. But health care needs of the elderly-those
there can be such a thing as cultural or needy and those not needy-though a
Mreven. ethnic Chairman, if genocide. we are serious about this compulsory social security approach.
If
Convention, if we are really trying to con- His exact words were:
struct a document which will be meaningful Many of our citizens have reached their
in eliminating racial discrimination in all senior years without adequate medical
its forms, then let us strike boldly at all means to solve their economic, social and
the forms of racial and ethnic discrimina- medical problems. Many of them are poorly
tion, Let us strike frankly and. speak plainly housed and poorly fed and are actually de-
of anti-Semitism. pendent on charity for the medical care that
Our amendment is designed to do this-to they get. So I think that it behooves all
represent at least a starting point by putting of us to share these burdens, because their
the United Nations on record as opposed to problems are not of their own choosing, but
this violent and hateful disease of anti- rather due to a changing society.
Semitism. We hope that all other nations
will support our proposal.
Mr. Chairman, the intention of the Gen-
eral Assembly, as stated in the declaration
on the elimination of all forms of racial
discrimination, was to condemn all types of
discrimination based on the simple fact of
prejudice against the. group into which a
person is born, whether that group is dis-
tinguished by race or color, or by ethnic
origin. That is also the basis of this Conven-
tion-as spelled out in the definition, and
as stated throughout the articles we have
already adopted. I hope the U.S. proposal
will be adopted unanimously in this Com- /
mission, without crippling amendments.
PRESIDENT SHOWS SKILL IN
BROKEN FIELD RUNNING
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from Ohio [Mr. AsHSzooK], is recog-
nized for 15 minutes.
Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, it
has been most interesting to view the
broken field running of President John-
son in regards to what apparently was a
slip of the lip in a January 15, 1964
White House chat with leaders of the
promedicare lobby. He- stated very
clearly at the time:
We are going to try to tale all of the
money that we think is unnecessarily being
spent and take it from the "haves" and give
it to the "have nots" that need it so much.
Of course, this was directly in line
with what many senior citizen lobbies
are holding out as the answer to medical
problems confronting their generation.
All of the way through his remarks he
alluded to this type of approach-free
basic medical care for those over 65 re-
gardless of need, to be paid for by assess-
ing or taking from those who have or
who are earning a livelihood. Every-
thing in his remarks indicated that he
knew very well what he was talking
about.
In his March 15, 1$64, television inter-
view on his first 100 days in office, he
fielded the question concerning this
Now this pretty well sounds like the
point of his "haves" and "have nots"
reference. Of course, the latter is a little
blunter than he probably wanted to put
it but there can be little doubt that,
reduced to its simple elements, this is
exactly what he had in mind.
This broken field running brings to
mind his former position on civil rights
and medicare. In 1950 he wrote the fol-
lowing letter which professed his opposi-
tion to socialized medicine. I suppose he
would now say that in opposing socialized
medicine he was not really talking about
the compulsory medicare approach
which he is now advocating. If there
is a difference, it is in degree and not
in basic substance. It is socialized, com-
pulsory medicare. Of course, his letter
is another good example of political
sleight of hand-it can mean just about
anything to anybody.
The letter follows:
U.S. SENATE,
COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES,
April 28, 1950.
Mrs. THOS P. CAUGHLIN,
Dallas, Tex. ,
MY DEAR FRIEND: Thank you for making
available to me a copy of the resolution
passed by your organization, opposing any
form of compulsory health insurance.
Ever since my election to Congress 13 years
ago I have been in complete opposition to
socialized medicine. I assure you that I
shall always work against legislation which
in my judgment would circumvent the right
of our citizens to select physicians of- their
own choice.
If you will convey this information to your
members, I shall be very grateful. Please
tell them, too; that I hope I may continue
to share their views on legislation pending
here.
With best wishes, I am,
Sincerely,
LYNDON B. JOHNSON.
Another prime example of this type of
artful dodging was his March 19, 1957,
letter to an Arlington, Va., voter on the
civil rights bill. The Senator from Texas
sounded like a Dixiecrat when he wrote:
U.S. SENATE,
OFFICE OF THE DEMOCRATIC LEADER,
Washington, D.C., March 19, 1957.
Mr.
Arlington, Va.
DEAR MR. -: I do not know where you
could have gotten the idea that I am sup-
porting "the so-called bill for civil rights
legislation now before Congress." Certainly
I have made no statement to that effect nor
have I Intimated to anyone that I plan any
such support.
The bill that has been introduced is one
to which I am very much opposed, as I do not
believe it would advance any legitimate
cause.
Sincerely,
LYNDON B. JOHNSON.
The letter to which he responded was
as follows:
MARCH 11, 1957.
Hon, LYNDON B. JOHNSON,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR JOHNSON: I, personally, am
very much disappointed to see by the press
that you are supporting the so-called bill for
civil rights legislation now before Congress.
In reality, such a law, under the control of
a rabid politician like Brownell, will deny
to every American rights and liberties which
we now have.
Certainly anyone can see that we are in
grave danger of losing our constitutional
rights under some of the fantastic decisions
now being made by our Federal courts, with-
out the Congress passing any political laws
to aid in the further destruction of our
Bill of Rights, which has been our protec-
tion and shield for almost 200 years.
If you have not read over our Bill of
Rights lately, I am attaching a copy and I
Would be greatly pleased if you would be
kind enough to spend a few minutes in con-
templation as to how it is possible to fit
such political legislation into amendments
1, 6, 7, and 10 of this great document.
Your great leadership in the Senate for
what is morally right certainly has been an
inspiration to millions. Therefore, I urge
you not to support a politically designed bill
which will deny to every American certain
rights now granted to us by our Constitution.
Please, Senator, don't use your great in-
fluence for this political' legislation which
will destroy more civil liberties and civil
rights than it will ever protect.
Sincerely yours,
Mr. Speaker, I feel that President
Johnson should have nothing to fear
from a frank and straightforward
statement of his views. We certainly
look for more than artful dodging from
the leader of this great Nation. Maybe
he stated the case a little strongly when
he was ' surrounded by the friendly
champions of socialized medicine, and
referred to taking from the "haves" and
giving to the "have nots." If he did,
however, there was little reason to
later retract his views simply because
they sounded a bit drastic. The Ameri-
can people are looking for honesty in
high office and they will support it if
and when they find it.
The complete and official White House
transcript of the January 15 remarks
are as follows:
REMARKS OF THE PRESIDENT TO A GROUP OF
LEADERS OF ORGANIZATIONS OF SENIOR CITI-
ZENS IN THE FISH ROOM
Mr. Celebreeze, ladies, and gentlemen, r
am sorry that I have been delayed a little
bit in getting in here this morning, but I am
happy that you are here and that you have a
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5952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
chance to come to this house that belongs
to all of us.
There is one thing you can say about the
Presidency: You have a variety of matters
and you never get bored with handling one
problem. But I don't know any problem
that has ever faced all of our people that
should concern us more than the one about
which we meet this morning.
The 20th century, in which we live, has.
blessed most of us with much longer lives,
but this blessing has brought with it a very
great responsibility. That responsibility Is
one that you, as very special messengers, must
see that all of the people of this country.
live up to. Many of our citizens have
reached their senior years without adequate
medical means to solve their economic, so-
cial, and medical problems. Many of them
are poorly housed and poorly fed and are ac-
tually dependent on charity for the medical
care that they get.
So I think that it behooves all of us to
share these burdens, because their prob-
lems are not of their own choosing, but
rather, due to a changing society.
One problem that I think we have met
this morning to tackle is the need for a so-
cial security health insurance plan. This
great Nation, the most powerful of all na-
tions, should no longer continue to ask our
old people to trade dignity and self-respect
for hospital and nursing home care. This is
something that I think is good for all of us
to realize, and most of us to remember.
Our older people are likely to be hos-
pitalized three times as often as younger
people, but their income is less than half that
of people under 65. The end result is what?
They then turn to public welfare. This is
not the American way. The social security
health insurance plan which President Ken-
nedy worked so hard to enact is the Ameri-
can way; it is practical; it is sensible; it
is fair; it is just. It says that the average
worker and his employer would each con-
tribute an average of only 25 cents a week
during the employee's working career. In
his old age a retired worker can take care of
his own hospital and nursing home expenses
with dignity. More than that, he can choose
his own doctor. He can choose his own hos-
pital. He can do it all without being crushed
by the intolerable burdens of extensive hos-
pital care.
That kind of a program makes sense to
two of America's most distinguished public
personages, men of great vision and compas-
sion and experience-Senator ANnERsox, of
New Mexico, and Congressman KING, of Cali-
fornia, who honor us with their presence
and who, through the years, have led fights
like these that bring better life to more
people. They have come here this morning
to let you know that they have enlisted for
the duration, and while we do not have many
sailors in the crowd, we are going to answer
all of the opposition with the statement that
"We have just begun to fight."
We think this program is just. We think
this program is necessary. We think this
program makes sense. We think this pro-
gram Is going to be the law of the land.
This is the prudent American way to make
sure that elderly citizens can retain their
dignity and retain their solvency.
We have so much to be proud of in this
country, so much to be thankful for, so
much to preserve and so much to protect,
but nothing that we want to protect more
than those who have reached their later
years and want the privilege of, in dignity,
providing for themselves.
I wish that somehow, some way, that each
of us In this room who feels the needs of
this program for a moment could put him-
self in the position of some older person that
we know-that could be a grandmother, a
mother, to some of us a brother-and put
ourselves in their position and ask ourselves
how would we feel if the positions were re-
versed? Would we want to stoop and bend
and plead for funds to be shoveled out of
the State and Federal Treasury by means of
a means test to determine whether we could
go to a hospital and, if so, how long we
could stay, or would we prefer a program of
our own where we could take 25 cents a week
and our employer could take 25 cents a week,
and. then deduct it-it would really only cost
him about 12 cents when it is over with-and
put that in a plan that ultimately would pro-
vide these benefits?
I think we are fortunate to be Americans,
but America is particularly fortunate to have
so many citizens like those in this room who
are especially interested in a plan of this
kind, and with the help of the good Lord,
Senator ANDERSON and Congressman KING
and you people who speak for so many other
folks, we are going to pass it.
You know, I have a little contest going on
among my Cabinet members. One of the
great legacies President Kennedy left me was
the finest Cabinet that any President could
assemble. They are so good that I didn't
even want one of my own. I wanted all of
them to stay right where they are.
We are determined that this Nation is
going to be strong enough to secure the
peace and to protect this country, but we are
riot going to throw our weight around, We
hope we are going to be wise enough to
prevent the necessity of ever using that
strength.
This Nation Is going to be prudent enough
to be solvent, where we can pay our bills
and where our checks will be honored.
We are going to try to take all of the
money that we think is unnecea;arily being
spent and take it from the "haves" and
give it to the "have nots" that need it so
much.
So we are going to have a solvent Nation,
but strength and solvency alone don't
quicken the heartbeat. The thing that
really makes a great nation is compassion.
We are going to have strength and solvency
and compassion, love for thy neighbor, com-
passion and understanding for those who are
less fortunate.
Secretary McNamara will start down that
long road of explaining all of our decisions
of the last 50 days this week before the
Congress.
Secretary Dillon Is already reporting for
duty every morning early and staying late
in the evening to try to get that tax bill
that is so essential to the economy of this
country.
Not to be outdone, Secretary Celebrezze
has already evolved a plan and a program
where we hope that in due time we will all
meet here in this same house and have a
signing ceremony for the program that
means so much to all of us.
Mr. Secretary, you give us some indica-
tion of the date and we will all be here.
A tour of the White House has been ar-
ranged for those of you who can spare the
time and would like to see it. I would like
very much to spend more time with you my-
self. I am going to have a chance to walk
around the room for a moment, if you will
just delay the rest of your deliberations, but
if any of you want to, we would be very
happy to have you tour the White House.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from Pennsylvania [Mr. DENT] is
recognized for 30 minutes.
Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, "The; Silent
Tariff" is an interesting news item that
should be read by all Members of the
House.
In this connection, I submit a report
I have made on the question recently:
March 24
THESILENT TARIFF
(By John J. Snyder)
There will be a silent issue in this year's
election. It rarely will be mentioned, but
it will influence every action which the next
President will take. It will never make the
headlines, but it influences everyone, every-
day. Identity: the tariff.
No other problem carries so many, far-
reaching implications as the tariff. Although
the word "tariff" may customarily be rele-
gated to the history book, we can no longer
ignore its existence. If we continue to shun
the tariff issue, we may awaken to find world
trade shunning us. But why, you ask, is a
tariff so important this year?
For 34 years the United States has been
operating under the same tariff, and the
record for those years is not praiseworthy.
At best, many tariff measures have proven
to be shortsighted, temporary remedies for a
problem which is not well understood. For
example, the General Agreement on Trade
and Tariffs, which the United States entered
in 1948, sought to raise world living stand-
ards through reciprocal trade. However, the
agreement failed not only to promote recipro-
cal trade, but actually contradicted numer-
ous existing U.S. tariff laws. The United
States is left in the embarrassing position of
being an organizer of an organization which
brings it no benefits.
Not only do the faulty tariff policies of the
past call for immediate change, but the
challenge of the future alerts us to our
potentially precarious position in world
trade.
Today the European Economic Community
has a gross national product with a growth
rate twice that of our annual rating. The
actual challenge of the Common Market may
not be here today, but it looms as a specter
in the future. A continuation of present
policies could lead to economic Isolation;
conversely, a removal of all tariffs would
destroy our economic system. Only a care-
fully conceived, long-term program can
amend our policies, and 1964 is the perfect
time to start.
SPECIAL REPORT
It is interesting to note the reaction of
a steel town newspaper when`the prob-
lem of the local mills because of trade
were publicized by a public statement
from Dr. George A. Roberts, president of
Vanadium Alloys Steel Co., Latrobe, Pa.
The editorial shows the relationship
between free trade and reduced wages.
The spectra of foreign competition sits
at every contract conference between
labor and management, it haunts every
new legislative proposal on labor stand-
ards, wage and hour laws, compensation,
social security and all public spending.
The editorial follows:
TARIFFS, COSTS INTERRELATED
Excluding certain labor leaders, little en-
thusiasm can be found for the 35-hour work
week idea as the answer to unemployment.
In fact, all indications point to an increase
in joblessness if this principle is adopted.
Most opponents, Including the Johnson ad-
ministration, are quick to point out that 40
hours pay for 35 hours work would increase
product costs to do serious damage to inter-
national trade.
Rejection of arbitrarily increased labor
costs at this time solely on the basis of the
effect on international trade is justified.
Never before in the memory of most Amer-
icans has it been as tough to compete with
the rising industrial empires of Europe, Ja-
pan, and Canada ad it is today.
Even in the U.S. domestic market, foreign
producers of steel, automobiles, and other
products are giving American producers a
race for their money.
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dependents and all our service people
and their dependents-I voted for the
servicemen's pay raise on May 8, 1963
and I have tried to help our farmers, our
businessmen, our aged, our blind, our
crippled, our unemployed, our people
over 45 years of age who seek work and
our boys and girls who undertake to get
work.
Within the last 3 years I have intro-
duced two bills to enable more students
and teachers to work in Washington in
the summertime for the Government in
order to learn more about our Govern-
ment. These bills passed the House of
Representatives by record votes of over
300 votes for to less than 25 against.
I have mentioned I have tried to help
our aged. I voted for the Kerr-Mills bill.
LONGVIEW, TEX.,
August 6, 1963.
The Honorable LINDLEY BECKWORTH,
House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: Pursuant to my recent letter to
you I've received phone calls from seven of
my fellow constituents asking me what I had
done to incur your wrath. I had been under
the impression that you had voted for a
King-Anderson-type bill. Therefore I wrote
Mr. Williston for your voting record and
enclose his reply. It seems you had not sup-
ported socialized medicine and that I owe
you an apology. .
I also urge you to continue your voting
against any form of federalized or socialized
medicine and I may bring my wife and two
children to visit you, your wife and five
children. Make it specific and we will be
there.
A copy of this letter has been mailed to
seven of the doctors here in Longview.
Respectfully yours,
WALTER CAVE, M.D.
H.R. 221 passed the House on August
19, 1963. It would extend the benefits of
the war orphans educational assistance
act to children of 100 percent perma-
nently disabled service-connected veter-
ans. I favored the legislation.
I had introduced H.R. 177 on January
9, 1963, which is a bill to amend chap-
ter 35 of title 38, United States Code:
To provide educational assistance to the
children of veterans who are permanently
and totally disabled from wartime service-
connected disability.
In the first session of the 86th Congress
I introduced H.R. 7724, "a bill to amend
section 1622 of title 38 of the United
States Code in order to clarify the mean-
ing of the term `change of program of
education. or training' as used In such
section." A favorable report was given
on my bill by the American Legion on
July 15, 1959.
THE AMERICAN LEGION,
LEGISLATIVE COMMISSION,
Washington, D.C., July 15, 1959.
Hon. WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN DORN,
House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR CONGRESSMAN DORN: I understand
that you will preside at a meeting of the
Subcommittee on Education and Training
of the House Veterans' Affairs Committee
scheduled to be held on July 21 in connec-
tion with H.R. 4306 and H.R. 7724.
The American Legion is not asking for the
privilege of a personal appearance on either
one of these bills.
We are not in a position to support H.R.
4.306.
In connection with H.R. 7724, while we
have no resolution on the subject matter,
I would advise that the American Legion's
rehabilitation representatives feel such an
amendment to section 1622 of title 88 of the
United States Code is desirable. We, there-
fore, trust the subcommittee will favorably
consider H.R. 7724.
With kind regards.
Sincerely,
MILES D. KENNEDY,
Director.
The Veterans' Administration gave a
favorable report on my bill. The bill was
reported favorably by the Dorn subcom-
mittee on July 21, 1959, and its provi-
sions have now become law.
I quote from the Washington Post of
March 5, 1964, some words about a din-
ner given in Washington in March 1964,
by the American Legion. national com-
mander, Hon. Daniel F. Foley:
There were no formal speeches, although
in his brief remarks commander Foley men-
tioned the GI bill of rights, which was passed
20 years ago,
"Many of you in this audience tonight
played a part in the passage of that bill,"
Foley said, "both as Legionnaires and as
Members of Congress, and to all of you, the
veteran population of this Nation owes a
vote of thanks that would be difficult, if not
impossible, to repay."
I actively supported the so-called GI
bill. At this point I wish to include in
the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the pertinent
part of a letter written to me by Mr.
Harry E. Rather:
THE AMERICAN LEGION,
DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS,
Austin, Tex., April 26, 1944.
Hon. LINDLEY BECKWORTH,
Member of Congress,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR LINDLEY: Thanks for your prompt
reply in regard to the resolution passed by
the department executive committee regard-
ing the Legion's GI bill of rights for World
War II veterans; We know that you are
for this legislation. We have known It all
along and we are very pleased to find that
you were at least one of the Congressmen
from Texas to sign discharge petition No. 8.
Sincerely yours,
HARRY E. RATHER,
Department Adjutant.
I worked diligently to help pass the
terminal leave legislation for enlisted
men.
TERMINAL LEAVE FOR ENLISTED MEN AND LETTER
ENDORSING BECKWORTH'S BILL-H.R. 1160
, (June 7, 1946)
Mr. BECKWORTH. Mr. Speaker, on Decem-
ber 18, 1943, I introduced a bill (H.R. 3875)
to provide terminal leave for enlisted men.
On January 8, 1945, I introduced H.R. 1160,
a slightly modified form of my first bill.
The national legislative committee of the
American Legion endorsed my bill H.R. 1160.
Several Members of Congress and I appeared
before the House Military Affairs Committee
urging the passage of the terminal leave leg-
islation. I Include at this point the en-
dorsement of the American Legion:
THE AMERICAN LEGION,
NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE,
Washington, D.C., October 24, 1945.
Hon. LINDLEY BECKWORTH,
House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
MY DEAR CONGRESSMAN: We are, as you
know, vitally interested in your bill, H.R.
1160, which provides terminal leave to en- -
listed men in the same manner as is no*
given to officers, except that it also provides
that the compensation to which the soldier
is entitled shall be paid in a lump sum,
which, of course, is a very good idea.
Demobilization is taking place at such a
rapid rate at the present time that unless
this is enacted into law quickly it is not go-
ing to benefit very many GI's.
It does not seem to me as though it is a
very controversial issue and that the House
Military Affairs Committee could make up its
mind very readily as to how they feel about
it. We shall appreciate very much if action
can be had on this matter.
Sincerely yours,
JOHN THOMAS TAYLOR,
Director, National Legislative Com-
mittee.
I was 1 of 218 Members of the House
to sign the petition-the 218th signature
was obtained April 17, 1946-which au-
thorized the bringing of the legislation to
the floor of the House.
I have undertaken at all times to co-
operate with the members of the Vet-
erans of Foreign Wars, the Disabled
American Veterans, and the American
Legion.
I quote part of a letter written Decem--"
ber 31, 1945, which I received from Mr.
Joseph M. Stack, commander In chief,
Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United
States, Kansas City, Mo.:
I have the page from the CONGRESSIONAL
RECORD reprinting your remarks and the
various communications you have received
in connection with your activities in behalf
of veterans and their dependents, and I wish
to express my appreciation for your efforts
along this line.
Also I quote'a part of a letter which
was written to me March 13, 1964, by one
of the outstanding leaders of the Vet-
erans of Foreign Wars.
You are known to have supported all vet-.
eran legislation.
I certainly appreciate these state-
ments.
I. was chairman of the War Claims
Subcommittee of the House Interstate
and Foreign Commerce Committee.
This is the subcommittee under which
prisoner of war legislation was consid-
ered. It helped prisoners of war.
I have been second ranking member
of the Interstate and Foreign Commerce
Committee-next to the chairman-this
committee handles oil, gas, transporta-
tion, and communications legislation.. I
was chairman of the Transportation
Subcommittee, the Airplane Accidents
Investigating Subcommittee and the
Newsprint and Brands and Grade Label-
ing Subcommittees.
As one who was born and raised on
the farm, I have tried to help our cattle
people. Several members of our fam-
ily depend on the growing of cattle for
their livings. I include a letter at this
point from Senate Majority Leader MIKE
MANSFIELD.
CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES,
HousEOF REPRESENTATIVES,
Washington, D.C., March 19, 1964.
Hon. LINDLEY BECKWORTH,
House Of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR LINDLEY: I am enclosing a copy of
the meat import bill and a copy of a state-
ment which has been prepared for me, tell-
ing just *hat the bill does, its background,
etc.. Y2ur Interest In and help with the bill
is greatly appreciated.
Most sincerely,
A. SYDNEY HERLONG, JR.
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 1964
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE- 6143
Soviet Russian nation. Byelorussians
are being russifled by Russian schools,
Russian newspapers and. books, with
Russian officials and soldiers being sent
in great masses into the Byelorussian
S.S.R. The Russians occupy all leading.
positions in the country. Churches are
being closed.
Deportations of Byelorussians to the
virgin regions of Asia are continuing.
Complete families are deported as are
skilled single persons. Beside Commu-
nist Party pressure, the government also
uses various tricks. The school of mech-
anization of agriculture in Tula-near
Moscow-is attracting the Byelorussian
youth by many promises. However, after
graduation, the people will be sent to
work in the virgin regions.
In all phases of life, oppression has
replaced freedom for the brave Byelorus-
sians. Yet, though they live under this
yoke, not under law, they keep in their
hearts and minds the hope of again be-
ing free. Let us join those still there,
their relatives and descendants here: in
the prayer that this hope will soon be a
reality.
PAPAYA AS A TOBACCO SUBSTITUTE
(Mr. MATSUNAGA (at the request of
Mr. GONZALEZ) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, few
medical questions have stirred such pub-
lic interest or created more scientific de-
bate than the tobacco-health contro-
versy. The Surgeon General of the
United States has stated that the inter-
relationships of smoking and health are
undoubtedly complex. Because the
health and well-being of millions of
Americans are involved, the Federal Gov-
ernment has a responsibility for seeking
the answers.
I should like to suggest as a possible
answer the use of the leaf of the papaya,
a popular fruit produced in my State
of Hawaii, which is presently being
tested as a "safe" tobacco substitute.
The efficacy and enjoyment of a cigarette
made from papaya is something to which
I can personally attest. As a member
of the youthful neighborhood gang, seek-
ing to savor the privileges and delights
of manhood, I surreptitiously sampled
my first cigarette, which was composed
of shredded dry papaya ]eaves. The
pleasurable coughs experienced by me
with this experimentation of a tobacco
substitute leads me to conclude, even to-
day, that further research by our scien-
tists and chemists would support my be-
liefs that through the use of papaya
leaves as a tobacco substitute, smoking
pleasure could be had without any hazard
to health.
I am asking the Secretary of Agricul-
ture to conduct a research into this mat-
ter, and if legislation be necessary I shall
seek your assistance.
GREEK INDEPENDENCE DAY
(Mr. GONZALEZ was granted permis-
sion to extend his remarks at thig point
in the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. GONZALEZ.. Mr. Speaker, today, Soviet Russia that the, Communist au-
March 25, 1964, is the 143d anniversary thorities have refused to unpack and de-
of Greek Independence Day. On this liver at least 50,000 pounds of Passover
day in 11321 Archbishop Germanos of matzoh which they had previously as-
Patras raised the flag of freedom over sured the Jewish community.
the monastery of Aghia Lavra declaring These matzoh packages were sent by
the independence of the Greek people U.S. citizens. There were reports in
from .the Ottoman Empire. After a bit- yesterday's newspapers that only in one
ter and costly 7-year struggle the heroic case had a delivery been made to a pre-
and greatly outnumbered Greeks won scribed recipient, who is Moscow's Chief
their freedom and 400 years of subjuga- Rabbi Yehudi Leib Levin.
tion was ended. Once again the spirit of This despicable turn of events is sym-
Thermopylae had triumphed. tomatic of the deceitful approach of the
The words "spirit of Thermopylae"
are not merely a platitude, to be uttered
lightly or to designate any ordinary oc-
casion. For this spirit is what makes
Western civilization and democracy
what it is today. it is the same spirit
that gave rise to the birth of democracy
in ancient Greece: And it is not only
the same spirit that urged the people
of Greece to fight for their freedom in
1821, but it is the same spirit that urged
them. to fight unceasingly against the
Nazi tyranny as well as the Communist
aggression. I think it does well for us to
remember not only the war of 1821, but
also the continual, unflinching Greek re-
sistance against the Nazis during World
War II, and the successful fight against
the Communists following that war.
It is well to remember these events
because the Greek resistance to the Nazi
invader came at a time when many of
the countries of Europe capitulated and
even went over to the side of the enemy
without any semblance of the kind of
struggle put up by the patriotic and free-
dom loving Greeks. Greek resistance to
communism was greatly aided by the
Truman doctrine by which the Ameri-
can people announced their firm intent
to . help the Greek people defend their
freedom. But the battle itself was one
with Greek blood alone.'
In 1962 President Kennedy said the
following in a message to the Greek peo-
ple on the 15th anniversary of the Tru-
man doctrine:
Today we are joined together in an effort
to strengthen the cultural and spiritual ties
we share and for our part we pledge our
loyalty to. our faithful and gallant Greek
friends. Together we have accomplished
much and., united in purpose, there is little
we cannot do in the future. We assure the
Greek people of our continued support
against the dangers which confront us both,
as well as our goods and deeds to help in the
quest for progress.
These words are as true and appro-
priate today as they were on the clay
they were spoken. The American people
will never forget the close ties between
our two great nations, and to the entire
Greek people as well as the more than
11/2 million Americans of Greek origin,
I would like to say, "Happy Anniver-
SOVIETS RENEGE ON PROMISE TO
DELIVER MATZOH SHIPMENTS
The SPEAKER. Under previous or-
der of the House, the gentleman from
New York [Mr. HALPERN] is recognized
for 10 minutes.
Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, I would
like to draw attention to the profoundly
disturbing reports emanating from
Soviets toward their Jewish people.
They wish to give an impression that
anti-Semitism in Russia is an illusion.
The facts speak otherwise.
Early in February the Soviet Embassy
here in Washington publicly proclaimed
that Americans could ship, by individual
parcels or in bulk form, packages of mat-
zoh to the Soviet Union.
But only last week, Russian citizens
were told by their Government that ac-
ceptance of these parcels constituted a
so-called act against the state. Import-
ing matzoh was suddenly termed "ideo-
logical sabotage."
This information was recorded recent-
ly by the Synagogue Council of America,
an eminently distinguished group with
authoritative sources.
One shipping company sent as many
as 5,000 packages. It is estimated that
at least 15,000 packages in all, about
150,000 pounds of matzoh, was sent pri-
vately to Individuals and groups in
Russia. Except in only one case, Soviet
authorities and customs officers have re-
fused to free the matzoh for delivery.
This is but one more incident in the
train of subterfuge evidenced in the last
several months. We need to direct at-
tention toward this continuing on-
slaught upon the fundamental human
rights we seek for the world at large.
I would like to draw the attention of
the House to the joint resolution, House
Joint Resolution 954, introduced by my
able and distinguished colleague from
Ohio [Mr. FErcuANi, which I am priv-
ileged to have cosponsored. The reso-
lution calls upon our President to exert
every effort at his command to facilitate
the proper delivery of matzoh for the
Feast of Passover in the Soviet Union.
Time is short, Mr. Speaker, and I ear-
nestly plead for House action on this
resolution.
The necessity for concrete action
grows more convincing with each day.
At the same time. we must, in long-range
terms, achieve a universal condemnation
of anti-Semitism, with effective enforce-
ment, as a vehicle through which these
ugly manifestations can be eradicated
wherever they arise.
The SPEAKER. Under previous order
of the House, the gentleman from Texas
[Mr. BEcawoRTH] is recognized for 15
minutes.
(Mr. BECKWORTH asked and was
given permission to revise and extend
his remarks.)
Mr. BECKWORTH.' Mn Speaker, 22
of my 50 years have been spent in Con-
gress. During this 22 years I have tried
to help all our veterans, their widows and
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