MARINES' WAR IN VIETNAM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400010015-0
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 25
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 21, 2005
• Sequence Number: 15
• Publication Date: January 12, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

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January 12, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX
We have lost our capacity, for 9utrage in
this country. We have become so anesthe-
tized with the gassy drugs of moderation and
tolerance and take it easy that nothing of
honest wrath remains. The strong, compul-
sive emotions seep away: Patriotism, reli-
gious faith, pride in the achievements of
honest toil. Our houses of worship are pack-
aged with people who go to church but miss
the meaning of religion. On holidays, who
flies his country's flag? We can manifest ir-
ritation, or vexation, or a fretful sense of an-
noyance. But sustained anger? The anger
that moves and transforms? It has vanished.
New Yorkers are not essentially different from
other men: Most of the country would rather
switch than fight.
At its peak, the transit strike was costing
this great city an estimated $100 million a
day. Theaters were closed. Retail sales
were off. The movement of vital supplies
was disrupted. Thousands of innocent and
unoffending citizens were grossly inconveni-
enced. In the afternoons, 33d Street was
jammed with strike victims, waiting to push
into Pennsylvania Station. Within New
York, nothing moved by public transit. An
essential public service has collapsed, ren-
dered impotent by the uncheckable arrog-
ance of a few willful men.
If the transit workers had been genuinely
oppressed, or underpaid, or overworked, it
might have been a.different story. If their
demands had been reasonable, public opin-
ion might have taken the workers' side. But
here was a union with demands for a $680
million package over a 2-year period, a 4-day,
32-hour workweek, a 30-percent hourly pay
increase, a 6 weeks' vacation after 1 year's
employment, retirement at half pay after 25
years regardless of age. Mike Quill never
began to negotiate seriously. Contemptuous
of law, contemptuous of the public welfare,
contemptuous of the rights of other men, he
sought to whip the city to its knees and
make John Lindsay crawl.
But who will remember all this a month
from now? New York newspapers would not
st_. _ 1 up to Bertie Powers; he whipped them
singly and In combination. For the past 5
years, the country has been fed on a diet of
Jimmy Hoffa. Has the Congress been moved
to action? We suffer from a paralysis of
the will, a flabbiness in the national guts,
and we spin in rudderless circles eternally
inspecting all sides of a question.
It is not a matter of organized labor alone.
While the transit strike was on, the steel
producers undertook to raise some of their
prices, and the President responded, in ef-
fect, by using the massive powers of his office
to fix a price on steel. He would agree to
an increase of $2.75 a ton, but not $2.80, or
$8, or $5. His will was to be substituted for
the actions of the marketplace. Yet the
whole incident provoked no spirited public
response-not against the steel producers,
as a bunch of profiteers; and not against the
President, as an economic czar. The na-
tional ambivalence found something to be
said on both sides, and meanwhile, the Pack-
ers and the Browns were in the third quar-
ter, and how about another can of beer?
The Supreme Court of the United States
hands down a series of opinions that deny
even the most voluntary exercise of religion
in the schools. The first opinion produces a
wave of resentment; the second produces a
smaller wave; the subsequent decrees pro-
voke no I pple of dissent.
The High Court tosses aside a century of
restraint, and undertakes to impose its novel
construction of the 14th amendment upon
the composition of State legislatures. Frank-
furter protests. Harlan cries out in alarm.
Senator DIRKSEN waves his arms. But now
half the States have docilely abandoned old
systems of check and balance, and no more
is heard of the States' right to be masters of
their own asesmblies.
In almost every, major city in the Nation, manpower to win over the loyalties of the
crime rates have climbed out of sight. No- Vietnamese peasants behind their lines.
where has public resentment been manifested The marines have now pushed about 12
in genuine anger or in an overwhelming de- miles north, south, and west of Da Nang air-
mand that the public safety be restored. base; but sizable numbers of Vietcong have
'Traffic clogs our streets and destroys our begun infiltrating back behind them. By
central cities: Who Is sufficiently wrought up kidnaping and assassinating those who speak
to compel reforms? Every day brings some out for the Saigon Government, the Vietcong
new account of the waste of public funds, are trying to regain the villagers' support
in foreign aid, in the Job Corps, in the pov- through terror. In this manner, they get
erty program; and we yawn. The United information on Marine movements and some
States willingly supports Great Britain in of their intentions as well.
imposing sanctions on Rhodesia, but last On October 28, Vietcong infiltrators at-
month the British increased the number of tacked Da Nang East airstrip and destroyed
United Kingdom vessels in active trade with and damaged 47 helicopters, mined 2 jeeps,
Cuba. Who cares? dynamited. 7 buildings of the new, partly
No one denies that ours is a great and pow- constructed naval hospital, and barraged a
erful country, capable of sudden generosity, battalion of Seabees with fifty 60-mm. mor-
of occasional sentimentality, of spontaneous tars. It seems no accident that the local
sympathy or affection. But ours would be a village chief disappeared a few days before
still greater country if now and then we and that 3 weeks earlier the nearest hamlet
lost our national good humor, got fed to the chief was found mutilated and stabbed to
teeth, anc: acted out of national fury to death.
HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, January 12, 1966
Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker,
on Sunday, December 26, Mr. Richard
Critchfield wrote an article on the civic
action programs being carried on by the
Marines in Vietnam. During the con-
gressional adjournment, I visited in
Vietnam and had the opportunity of
visiting with most of our combat units in
that part of the world. The work all of
our people are doing in Vietnam, Laos,
and Cambodia is short of miraculous.
I believe the following article is a trib-
ute to these men and the work they are
doing and I commend its reading to all
in this body:
THE MARINES' WAR IN VIETNAM: A
MICROCOSM
(By Richard Critchfield)
DA NANG.-To most young American sol-
diers in Vietnam, this country is a nightmare
of mountains, marsh, and hostile villages.
There are paddles and jungles where they
can wade knee deep for days through searing
sun or lashing rains and be shot or blown to
bits at any moment without even seeing the
invisible enemy.
Many GI's naturally come to feel it is a
war where the frontlines are everywhere
and no man with slanted eyes and a yellow
skin can be trusted.
And yet as the marines here have learned
from hard-won experience, it is precisely
on building mutual trust with the local Viet-
namese peasantry that defeating the Viet-
cong depends.
Now nearly 8 months after they landed
in Da Nang as the first U.S. combat troops in
Vietnam, the mission of the 37,000 marines
is still to defend the three big airbases at
Phu Bai, Da Nang, and Chu Lai. The old
aim was to gradually push out their perime-
ters and link up all three bases in a coastal
pacified zone,
VIETCONG TERROR
But today many senior Marine officers
maintain that such talk of winning terrain
is meaningless until someone comes up with
a better formula, more money, and a lot more
to the nara conclusion snas as mucn as Inree-
fourths of their battle ahead lies in civic
action, that is, building the confidence and
respect of the villagers with the aim of
winning support for the government and
gaining military intelligence for themselves.
An imaginative civic action effort by the 2d
Battalion, 3d Marine Regiment, at Le My,
north of Da Nang, has been so successful the
Vietcong can no longer plant even a road
mine without the Vietnamese villagers
reporting it to the Marines.
Elsewhere around Da Nang, the going has
been tougher. How tough was brought
home to this reporter this week in a visit to
the little hamlet of Nui Kim Son, which lies
at the foot of Marble Mountain, just south
of the Vietcong's October attack.
As we drove out of the headquarters of
the 9th Battalion, 1st Marine Regiment, and
headed for the sand dunes toward Marble
Mountain, I asked Lt. Mike Cox, the 24-year-
old battalion civic action officer, how he
thought the Vietnamese peasantry could be
won over to the Government's side.
Mike, a redhaired Irishman from the
Bronx, said, "My personal opinion? Well,
it's strange, almost anything pleases these
people. Seems to me whoever gives them
the most will win. These people are awful
ignorant but you can't judge them by our
standards."
Along the rutted road we passed a series
of familiar looking red and white signs:
"Don't bunch up
As you patrol about
Or you'll be picking -
The fragments out.
Burma Shave."
I asked Mike what he wrote his parents
about Vietnam.
WRITE VERY LITTLE
"My mother is a little old gray-haired lady
and I don't want to make it any grayer. I
don't write much. Dad's an old Irishman;
he thinks it's all a big mess. Blames it on
the French for failing to leave a government
behind."
Lance Corp. Roger Michalk, 22, of Boise,
Idaho, who rode along with a rifle just in
case, said he wrote home as little as possible.
"Just enough to keep 'em from writing the
commanding officer to find out whether I'm
dead or alive."
The biggest concern the marines had, said
Mike, were the university student demonstra-
tions back home in the states. "I dislike
the group that does it," he said. "They're
looking for some kind of moral absolution,
to wash their hands of these people's
troubles. They're trying to go back to the
Middle Ages, turn the university into a
sanctuary and shut out the world. That's
no good." Mike said he graduated in philos-
ophy from a small college in New Jersey.
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AV; CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
Marl,le Mountain, a jagged out-cropping of
white rock rising about 1,000 feet out of the
sandy coast and covered with lush green
vegetu;ion, loomed just ahead of us. An
mmense staircase of discolored white marble
curved in) the mountainside through dense
foliage with strange crimson and yellow
:ol.os:;o.s and huge waxen leaves.
MON liS TEND SIIRINFS
Aft.,:, strenuous climb, we reached a
i3,iddl~i;i, monastery where several monks
were pi'thing rose bushes In a walled garden.
'ill but, one had pallid. ivory complexions;
the in .Hoes said the monks spent most of
',heir irne tending religious shrines in the
underground network of caves and grottos
.bat led deep into the mountain. The single
exception was a tall. ruddy and vigorous-
looking Vietnamese in a maroon monk's robe
who was smoking a cigarette. He said he
was a disciple of Thich Tri Quang, the Bud-
dhist leader of Hue. He motioned for as to
follow him down a forested trail which led
up to the mouth of a giant cave. Outside
was a hug(, statue of Buddha's mother, gray
:cud eroded with weather and green with
moss. A group of six Vietnamese men came
out of the. cave and passed by; they were
unsmilt.ug and looked steely eyed. "Viet-
cong?" "Probably just tourists," said Mike.
We followed the monk Into the cave and
after a short walk forward through the clamp
riarkrier; s stepped down into a huge cavern.
"It's br,;o.utiful," Corporal Michaik exclaimed.
The cavern was immense, perhaps 60 feet
high; shafts of sunlight fell from cracks in
(.he n:u,rhie ceiling above; the marble floor
litiere:i like water. Dragons with lionlike
treads and bulge bearded stone warriors with
ecimit,iire guarded the entrance. Across the
gloomy shadows and the haze of incense a
giant Buddha sat, green and silver as the
Cavern wells, grinning and empty handed,
like all Buddhas. Water dripped from above
and wag, echoed from falling water deep with-
in the ;vries of black caves that led off the
central chamber.
Mike whistled. "Sha.ngri-la. Ronald Col-
i,ian will come out any minute." The drip,
drip, of the water, the cloying odor of in-
cerise timid the silence of the tall monk were
unsettling "We'd better give the old padre
a coupe of piastres and go," Mike said,
iN'KMED AMBUSH
We hurried down the mountainside fairly
rapidly since the lush foliage along the
winding staircase provided perfect cover for
a,n :iministi. The corporal said that in the
evenings beck at battalion headquarters you
Could Bear the monks beating a big gong
from somewhere inside the mountain. "It's
an eerie sound and in an irregular pattern.
1. bet it's: some kind of signal."
Two little boys, stonecutters who made
their liOne* carving pilgrims' initials Into the
marble :;tens, talked the corporal into having
his name immortalized on the mountain.
As we mused Mike said: "These kids are
t;ibulous. The VC came into Nui Kim Son
one night and wanted to know how many
marines were up at the outpost on the moun-
L:efri s peak. The kids said more than 100,
too many for the VC to handle. When the
VC fourd nit they had lied, they came back
and bear.. the kids until their legs were black
aid blue; they could hardly walk afterward."
As we walked down into Nui Kim Son,
Mike cv,ulained that almost all of its people
wade their living sculpting little figurines
out of marble from the mountain. Even
though it was Sunday, groups of m.en and
women squatted on the dirt floors of their
huts, chipping away. Their wares were ar-
ranged on shelves In front of each hut-
lunging tigers, reproductions of the Virgin
Mary, and grinning little white marble Bud-
dhas.
January 1 2,, 1966
Mike said the people of Nui Kim Son sold "Actually the chief of this village was cap-
be figures in Da Nang for cash and then tured 2 weeks ago. He went south of the
bought their food from the farmers to the bridge and didn't tell anyone. His uncle
south. was supposed to be a big VC. Trinh, the
A Vietcong battalion had been garrisoned chief of Hoa Hai village, lives within our
just south of Marble Mountain until the Ma- battalion's perimeter now. About a month
rules reached there in August, and the 7th ago two VC came in and threw it borrib in his
Vietcong Regiment just 3 miles to the south. house. Trinh saw him and shot at him.
Now several Marine companies had routed He's got more guts than Superman. Iii say;
the Vietcong but these still had to be re- the VC was a hardcore terrorist who chopped
supplied by helicopter or wILls an armored off the right hand of a number of children
convoy of tanks; the roads it between were from pro-government families in the reigh-
.mined and everything south r,f a bridge just borhood."
below Nui Kim Son was still pretty much Mike said one big need, he felt, was medical
Vietcong country, aid; a good program might be to take thou-
"Nui Kim Son just got caught between the sands of Vietnamese back to the States
VC and the government and couldn't move. or to secure areas and give them crash
The VC told the villagers south of here not courses in basic medicine.
to come in and trade and to keep away
from the Marines. They'd like to choke off
the people from its so we won't get intelli-
gence. But the people come into the mar-
ket from VC territory anyway. We spray the
market with DDT and keep the flies away
and they like that. It seems to me if you
can open. an economy in a place the people
will respond to it, tin matter what the VC
say."
I suggested we stop for a coke at one of
the village teahouses but fuike said, "We
can't trust them. One minute they're smil-
ing from, ear to ear and the next selling
pop with acid or ice cubes with glass slivers.
One guy's still in the hospital."
One shack had a life-shied cardboard
figure of a buxom girl draped against a harp
propped up outside as advertisirig. Someone
had torn the nose off. Inside two pretty
Vietnamese girls in :docks were waiting for
customers. The single room was sparsely
furnished with cheap lawn chairs, a table,
and wash bucket anal some sores of beer; a
red curtain hung across an alcove. When I
asked what was behind it, Mike said "prob-
ably a bed" and the girls giggled something
about "Mama ran,"
C:IANGE AliMY OUTIITS
We lifted the curtain aside; it concealed
a Buddhist memorial shrine to the dead.
The faded protograp',a of a thin little Viet-
name se boy in spectn.cles was set above the
altar The girls volunteered, "Boom, boom,
ri.te_' Pull back almost any curtain in Viet-
nam a mid you'll find h,iman sullering.
"All these girls pay VC taxes," Mike said
as we walked down the street again. It's
hard to tell people brick home what the war
in our area is really like. Pan Am stops
in Saigon not Nui Kim Son. The national
government to these people is nothing;
they've never heard of Saigon. We want the
Vietnamese to come in here. Get the gov-
ernment to come back with nurses and civil
affairs people.
"ID cards don't mean a damn thing out
here. Many people carry both VC and gov-
ernment identification. Then a lot of the
government's NCO's get their training and
go off and join the VC. And some of the
VC join the government army. These guys
change outfits like a suit of clothes.
"Another problem you've got; to overcome
is being a white elan. These people were all
Viet Minh, many of these men knocked off
French soldiers. They didn't like the
French. One old man told me, 'You're bet-
ter than the French, you treat us better.
But I don't like you Americans. You have
too much money, you're rich, you think we
are stupid and undeveloped.' But its some-
thing when they start telling you stuff like
that. It means they have the freedom to
criticize and they know it."
NEED MEDICAL AID
Mike said three of the village chiefs from
the area to the south lived In Nu1 Kim Son,
"These people need so much. We got
books from the Embassy and I wrote home
for some maps, you have to scrounge around.
These kids here had never seen a geographi-
cal outline of their own country. But each
area is different. You just can't have a for-
mula for everywhere. For instance, these
people south of the bridge sometime;: use
North Vietnamese money with Ho Chi
Minh's picture on it."
We had reached the end of the hamlet
and crossed the road Into an old long-a.ban-
doned French fort the Marines were using as
a supply dump. If the grotto on Marble
Mountain had been Shangri-la., this was
Beau Geste. Carved on the weather eroded
stone walls were ghostly messages from its
successive occupants, "March Forward,
Comrades" and "Brave Men Died Here" in
Vietnamese; the single word, "fear," scrib-
bled in French by some forgotten Legionnaire
and "San Antonio, Tex.," the latest addi-
tion,
PLAYS CLASSICAL RECORD
"Good living," said Mike, "but nothing
like the Air Force up on Monkey Mountain;
they've got flush toilets and movies."
The present commander of the fort, Ma-
rine Lt. John N. Rogers of Washington Grove,
Md., a graduate of George Washington Uni-
versity, told Mike he had a new Antonio
Vivaldi record and invited us up to one of the
ruined towers to hear it. One of the radio
men was shipping a new stereo horne from
the Da Nang PX and we could play it on
that. The lieutenant put on Vivaldi's Con-
certo in C Minor for Flute."
As the sound of mandolins, flutes? violins
and a, harpsichord burst into the tower,
LieutenantRogers grinned, "This movement
sets the mood for the third; it comes out with
all its joy."
Mike sank into reverie. "It's almost a year
since I heard music like that. It takes you
back to listening midway through the book
review section on a Sunday afternoon with
a cup of fresh coffee, lighting up a good
cigarette."
For a moment the music see:nied to wash
away the constant tension and the treacher-
ous world of enigmatic monks, soda pop that
could mean painful injury, and terrorists
who mutilated little children.
The slit in the stone wall was like it post-
card in an 18th century Venetian landscape:
great towering cumulus clouds, cobalt blue
sky, pine trees, white sands, glittering mar-
ble cliffs, a golden little Buddhist temple
with pink arched roofs, children bathing in a
green pond, the wind rippling the water's
surface, transparent dragonflies against the
dim blue outline of the Annamite Cordillera's
lumpy peaks. Then two whirring helicop-
ters, like monsters out of science fiction, flew
into the postcard and the present came rush-
ing back.
"Don't stick your head up torn much near
that slit," Mike said. "There's VC snipers
out there."
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January, 12, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX.
competition. They are willing to take
their chances with their competitors.
Their pleads to be freed from Govern-
ment regulations written with big busi-
ness in mind, which overburden them but
are taken by their bigger competitors in
stride as part of overhead.
In recent months I have received sev-
eral letters from small businessmen in
my district making this plea. Among
them is a letter from Fred Koning, a
restaurateur in Douglas, Mich., with-
in my congressional district. The Sau-
gatuck-Douglas area is one of Michi-
gan's fine summer resorts, and Fred Ko-
ning, in a long-established business, has
been successful thus far. But he writes
me as follows:
During the last three decades, we have
seen fit to subsidize the world, the farmer,
the laborer, the Negro, the poor, including
the ones that could work but won't. There
are families that have prospered on relief.
On the other hand, the Government has
guaranteed big business a profit by letting
contracts on a cost-plus basis.
Have the powers that be ever considered
the little businessman? I don't mean the
small businessman; I mean the little ones,
like myself.
We have never asked for nor wanted any
subsidies. All we want is a chance to sur-
vive. How many of the legislators who are
so concerned with the welfare of the masses
have ever been in a competitive field and
have had to earn a living by competition,
let alone meet a payroll?
Wouldn't it be possible to think of all
of us instead of the select groups they have
seen fit to sponsor?
As little business people, all we ask is the
right to run our own business-sink or
swim-and pay our taxes.
Respectfully,
FRED KONING.
Mr. Speaker, we would do a better job
at lawmaking, and the bureaucracy
would write fairer regulations, if the con-
cerns of little businessmen were taken
into account. All big business started
small. The man or woman who has an
idea and the ability and courage to ven-
ture it in competitive enterprise still con-
tributes much to our progress; and Gov-
ernment should take care in its laws and
regulations that an economic, political,
and social climate encouraging small
business is fostered.
A Call for a Public Awareness of U.S.
Maritime Plight
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. THOMAS M. PELLY
OF WASHINGTON
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, January 12, 1966
Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, in the Jan-
uary issue of the magazine Navy, pub-
lished by the Navy League of the United
States there is an article which I wish to
call to the attention of my colleagues.
This article consists of excerpts from a
speech by Capt. James E. Heg, U.S. Navy,
and is -entitled "A Call for a Public
Awareness of U.S. Maritime Plight."
Captain Heg, in his speech, calls upon
the public to awaken to the facts about
the critical state of our merchant marine.
He astutely points out the fact that the
Soviet Union is planning a modern auto-
mated merchant marine and that it is
ironic that we as a nation compare all of
our forms of power to that of the Soviet
Union with the exception of our mer-
chant marine power.
Mr. Speaker, within a few years,
Captain Heg points out, the Soviet Union
will be in a position to dominate the sea
lanes and he leaves it to his readers'
speculation as to what such a situation
could portend for the United States. He
goes further by pointing to the great
amount of money that is being spent in
other areas of transportation.
This article points out that since the
Merchant Marine Act was passed in 1936
that the United States has spent more on
the development of one single aircraft
than it has in all 29 years in the area of
merchant marine development. As a
matter of fact, during 1966 the U.S. Mari-
time Administration is slated to spend
no more than the minuscule sum of $250,-
000 on research and development toward
advanced ships and systems. Compare
this with what we are spending for air
transportation and other means of de-
fense.
I commend this article to my col-
leagues.
Reagan's Top Secret Wasn't
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JAMES B. UTT
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, January 12, 1966
Mr. UTT. Mr. Speaker, under unani-
mous consent to insert my remarks in
the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, I wish to in-
clude an article appearing in the Wash-
ington Post on January 11, 1966, regard-
ing the efficient spy apparatus operated
by Gov. Edmund G. (Pat) Brown of
California.
While all may be fair in love, war , and
politics, it would seem to me that there
should be a limit to the complete dis-
regard of ethics. I feel that Governor
Brown breached all ethical standards in
this feat of political espionage and that
he showed a lack of morality in this
undercover operation.
(From the Washington Post, Jan. 11, 19661
REAGAN'S Top SECRET WASN'T
(By Gerry Robichaud)
Los ANGELES, Jan. 10.-It will never go
down as any great shakes in the annals of
California crime. But as a feat of political
espionage, it left the Ronald Reagan camp
severely shaken and the forces of Democra-
tic Gov. Edmund G. (Pat) Brown somewhat
smugly self-satisfied.
The fact is that one or more of Brown's
undercover agents managed to infiltrate the
Reagan security apparatus.
The agents surreptitiously obtained an ad-
vance copy of the top-secret television
scenario in which Reagan announced his
candidacy for the Republican gubernatorial
A51
nomination. This enabled Brown's own cam-
paign organization to issue a point-by-point
refutation", of what Reagan had to say sev-
eral hours before Reagan's half-hour politi-
cal show, which had been taped in utmost
secrecy, was presented to a 15-station Cali-
fornia audience.
Haw the security breach was engineered
remains a mystery. But those who tried to
reconstruct what happened feel that it would
require at least 24 hours for the Democratic
Coordinating Committee, which is pushing
Brown's third-term bid, to prepare its de-
tailed analysis of Reagan's script and its
answers thereto.
If the "crime" did occur as early as is now
generally supposed, that would rule out an
inadvertent leak to the Brown forces through
the news wire services or other media-for
none had the full text of Reagan's TV speech
until a short time before it was aired.
Indeed, most reporters had received the
Democratic commentary on Reagan's remarks
considerably before getting the Reagan text
from his campaign handlers.
Wants To Win?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. SAMUEL L. DEVINE
OF OHIO
IN TIIE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, January 12, 1966
Mr. DEVINE. Mr. Speaker, there is
much talk of "hawks" and "doves" and
thousands of self-appointed "experts"
expound on U.S. involvement in Viet-
nam.
In the January 9, 1966, issue of Our
Sunday Visitor, Rev. Daniel Lyons, S.J.,
expresses some important historical facts
and excellent conclusions which I com-
mend to the attention of the Members of
Congress:
RIGHT OR WRONG: WHO WANTS To WIN?
(By Rev. Daniel Lyons, S.J.)
Senate Majority Leader MIKE MANSFIELD
praised the cease-fire on Christmas Day, ex-
pressing the hope that "perhaps it could be
stretched further." House Speaker JOHN
MCCORMACK expressed the hope that "the
cessation will restore reason to the Com-
munists."
We hear a great deal about a cease-fire,
about negotiations, about ending the war,
and about getting out of Vietnam. Unfor-
tunately, all four of these can be treacherous.
The cease-fire, for example, has been a ma-
jor Communist weapon in the cold war for
a generation. When the Communist armies
in China were weak, after World War II,
Mao Tse-tung arranged for a temporary
cease-fire on the mainland, with the United
States serving as the moderator. Of course,
the Communists could not be controlled,
but General Marshall insisted that the Na-
tionalist troops observe it.
When Chiang Kai-shek complained that
tha Communists were not observing the
cease-fire, George Marshall replied: "Never
mind, you keep it, so you can come to the
conference table with your hands clean."
Chiang's hands were clean, but the Chinese
were cleaned right out of their country. The
phony cease-fire enabled the Chinese Reds
to arm themselves with former Japanese
weapons, and to keep on conquering.
LEARN FROM MISTAKES
When the Communists faced defeat in
Korea, they asked for truce talks. Because
of the talks, the United States halted its big
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX January 12,, 1966
drive to the north. The Chinese talked and
talked until they had built up their forces
and reinforced their positions. The buildup
meant that it would have been much more
costly for the United States to resume fight-
ing. Uncle Sam had been put in a much
weaker bargaining position, and we ended
np with an agreement so weak that the Com-
munists broke it at will. One of the keenest
and most experienced military minds in
American history, Gen. Douglas MacArthur,
l lad said repeatedly that there is "no sub-
;ti.tkite for victory." but our diplomats re-
fused to listen.
[inw often must the American military
shed their flood and give their lives in the
,leienr,e of freedom throughout the world,
oily to have American statesmen fumble the
peace through timidity and fear? Of the 33,.
000 American soldiers who died in Korea, two.
thirds were killed after negotiations began.
Yet our roving Ambassador, Averell Harra--
man, said he told the Russians last June
that "we vill not stop bombing the North
until negot.iaLions have started."
11hartly before Mr. Harriman went to repr(!-
;;ent the United States at the Geneva Cori--
ferance over Laos in 1962, he told the Rever?-
end Raymond J. deJaegher: "We have to give
Rome places on the Lao Government to the
Communists.- Mr. Harriman was trained a,.
Yalta and has reflected that training ever
:art.
'11ke nege,.iations over Laos were used by
Norti Vietnam to strengthen its military
positions. Harriman agreed, for some strange
rea mon, to remove Laos from the protection
of Lhe SEATO Treaty. Had we not forced a
coalition government on Laos, just as we
had done on Nationalist China, there might
well be no war in Vietnam today. We must
learn from our mistakes, or we will keep on
repeating them.
t)uring the last 20 years the American
government seems to have taken military
decisions almost entirely away from the mil-
itary. In these same 20 years America has
for, sight Ol' victory. When the Secretary of
irelense remarked recently from Saigon that
he was "surprised" at what the Vietcong are
doing, it is because he is not a military
man and knows so little about how to win a
war. The administration never talks about
having the aggressor surrender. We only
want him to talk to us, and we hold out con-
ces:aons to encourage the enemy to "nego-
i;taate." Our policy is still one of weakness,
Instead of e(,rength.
People in foreign countries are astonished
iai;)t America cannot seem to win a war
;iganst 180.000 invaders, even with the helm
of 600.000 South Vietnamese troops. Our
civilian strategists tell us we are not winning
because it is a totally different kind of war.
But it is basically the same type of war we
foulit during World War II in the Pacifc.
Our enemy then was 50 times more formida-
ble. The only real difference is that General
MacArthur fought to win, and he had the
au l;hority to do so; something that was denied
him in Korea, something that is denied to
the Joint chiefs of Staff today. For example,
they wanted to blockade the harbor of Hanoi
but were overruled.
WE CAN WIN
if MacArthur had been allowed to defeat
the aggressor in Korea, the Communists in
Asia would hardly have started another war
so soon. They have never doubted we can
beat them 't'hey only doubt our intention
to do so, and they have good reason to doubt
it. In the past they have been able to in.-
lluence us with their propaganda. Their
approach has changed, but their propaganda
is Just as effective as ever.
A year ago our Commander in Chief made
a statesmanlike decision when he decided to
abolish our policy of sanctuary. His decision
saved South Vietnam from being conquered,
and for this he will go down in history. What
is needed now Is a decision to win the war,
Not a cease-fire based on mutual concessions,
as Senator F'uLBRIGHT has suggested; not
negotiations based on a compromise of jus-
tice; not a bargaining away of the rights of
others; but a just and lasting peace based
on the surrender of the aggressor. In the
words of Gen. Thomas A. Lane:
"The idea that forbearance increases the
prospect of a negotiated settlement is an
illusion. American lives are being squan-
dered. in Vietnam, just as they were in Ko-
rea. As in Korea, the Communists are quite
satisfied to chew up American forces in a
protracted war of attrition."
Can we win? Of course we can, and the
Communists know it,. But we never even
talk about winning, and the Communists are
not convinced we really want to. America
has never lost a war, but for 20 year, we have
been vainly seeking substitutes for victory.
EXTENSION OF REMAIi,KS
OF
YON. OLIN E. TEAGUE
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESEN',ATIVES
Wednesday, January 12, 1966
Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker,
on Tuesday, December 7, I had the honor
of attending the annual Dalli s Cham-
ber of Commerce banquet and the guest
speaker was our former colleague, Homer
Thornberry who is now judge of the U.S.
Court of Appeals of the Fifth Judicial
District of Texas.
Under leave to extend my rermarks in
the RECORD, I wish to include Judge
Tho:rnberry's remarks;
REMARKS OF JUDGE HOMJ:R Tssosnc :RR-r, U.S.
COURT OF APPEALS, FIFTH JUDICIAI, DIs-
TRICT, AT ANNUAL DINNER OF DALLAS CHAM-
I:ER OF COMMERCE HONORING MEMBERS OF
TEXAS DELEGATION IN CONGRESa TUESDAY,
DECEMBER 7, 1965
'T'his Is a significant day-significant for
two reasons. First, it is the anniversary
of Pearl Harbor, and we are reminded once
again of the sacrifices made by a great
many in order that we can enjoy countless
privileges as Americans. Secondly, today
marks the 125th anniverr;ary of the founding
of the city of Dallas, and you have chosen
this day to honor some of the best friends
I ever had.
Anyone who has been privileged to serve
with this great Texas delegation would be
pleased to be here tonight to join you in hon-
oring them. That is why-when my long-
time friend, Dale Miller, called me-I felt
that everyone would understand it if I would
lay aside the judicial robes and rejoin, for a
while, the camaraderie this association calls
to mind.
Tt is possible for me to do so because you
have made this an entirely nonpartisan af-
fair. You are gathered on a community and
civic basis to pay honor to a great team
of distinguished Texans who represent this
State in the Halls of Congress. Such an oc-
casion as this is in the finest traditions of a
great State whose people have long respected
public service.
.it is tragic, but it is true, that not all
State delegations in Congress can gather
together or even rally together. This dele-
gation can, and all of us are proud that it
can.
It can gather and rally together because
it is made up today of men who have the
judgment and the capacity to work to-
gether for those things on which they are
agreed and yet to take opposing views when
their individual judgments dictate they
must, without reflecting on the motives of
those whose views are different.
It would be difficult to overstate the depth
and the current of the friendships that serv.
ice in this delegation generates. It is not
an exaggeration for me to say that outside
my parents' home and my own home, I have
found no other association so rewarding.
Let me hasten to add, lest I be misunder-
stood, that I am not announcing for office
again.
The opportunity to serve in this delega-
tion, to cast my talents with theirs, to repre-
sent my district and my State alongside my
colleagues; to face, with these men, at times
of crisis and the times of victory, to wait
with them through the nights of sorrow and
despair for the mornings of hope and the
days of success-all these things have made
me appreciate how richly a man is endowed
when he learns to work in a partisan en-
viromnent Without rancor, when he is able
to accept defeat without recrimination, and
when he can share victory without jealousy.
For every occasion such as tonight, there
are many occasions that are quite different.
There are those who always find fault. If
a Congress writes into law a large part of the
platform on which it ran and the recommen-
dations of the Nation's President, some spite-
fully call it a rubberstamp Congress.
However, when it shows great independ-
ence and spurns the President's recommen-
dations and rejects the party platforms, it is
dubbed a "do nothing" Congress.
A Member of Congress works harder than
do most of his fellow Americans. He is a
statesman when his critics agree with him
and a lackey of the pressure groi.ips when
they disagree with him. These days the
blind critics of the Congress sometimes speak
louder than. do its judicious observers.
But the judicious observers are being
heard, too. And they say that what the Con-
gress needs is support, understanding, and
appreciation. A Member needs his constitu-
ents' considered advice, not their veiled
threats. He needs their judgment of what is
best for the country, not their demands for
what is beneficial to a few. He needs their
rejection of attacks on the institution of the
Congress when it strives to equip and staff
itself to meet the demands of the times.
He needs your trust and support when he
gives you honest and faithful service. In this
way a State builds a tradition of service
which in itself strengthens its delegation fit
the Congress and extends its influence in the
counsels of the Union.
The late Speaker Sam Rayburn's wisdom
and understanding were a legend in his life-
time. He left our State a heritage of many
treasures. One of these is his record of the
longest service in our Nation's history as
Speaker. Consider that during his service is
the Congress, Mr, Rayburn served with a
Texan who became President, two Texans
who were 'Vice President, two Texans, in-
cluding himself, who were Speakers of the
House, one Texan who was majority leader
of the Senate, and two Texans who were
leaders of the House. Our greatest pride is in
having a native son in the White House. Our
pride is not so much related to the fact that
President Johnson is a Texan as it is to the
faith and confidence we share in his master-
ful leadership.
I believe in the right to express our opin-
ions, the right to differ, the right to petition,
and the rights of the minority. As a matter
of fact, I think, even more than we have in
the past, as Americans we need to support
these rights. At the same time I think we
need to recognize that the Constitution of
the United States names the President as the
Commander in Chief and vests Irk him the
responsibility to guide our foreign affairs.
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January 12, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL, RECORD - APPENDIX .
more to pay him this tribute in the House
of Representatives.
He is a truly outstanding and most in-
spirational American. I congratulate
him on his award and I congratulate the
Jaycees on the wisdom of their choice.
Freedom of Speech and
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DON EDWARDS
OF CALIFORNIA -
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, January 12, 1966
Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr.
Speaker, as the 2d session of the 89th
Congress begins, the issue which bears
heavily on all our thoughts is the grave
and complex situation in Vietnam.
Many questions come to mind-the con-
duct of the war, the operations and aid
programs of our Nation in the social
and economic development of south-
east Asia and the direction and role we
are to have in underdeveloped regions of
the world.
These are problems of how we are
to proceed in our relations with other
nations. Just as serious is this ques-
tion: what effect is the war to have on
our own national life. The formulation
of the budget is one aspect. Another is
whether we are going to allow the cold
war atmosphere, intensified by Vietnam,
to narrow and possibly choke off politi-
cal debate. It is very easy to label dis-
sent unpatriotic during periods of crisis.
To have a national definition of all these
issues, however, a vigorous and sub-
stantial debate is essential.
An excellent statement on the need
for free speech and a climate of critical
and unfettered discussion was adopted
by the Jewish Community Relations
Council on November 7, 1965. This
statement is clear and concise and con-
tains a number of important points. I
recommend it highly to the attention
of my colleagues:
FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND THE VIETNAM
PROTEST MOVEMENT
Americans across the political spectrum
are now engaged in vigorous and at times
heated debate over our country's role and
purpose in southeast Asia. We are con-
vinced that such probing of public issues,
however shrill, however irritating and dis-
tasteful to those who may disagree, is in the
highest and best tradition of our democracy.
The American political system depends upon
unfettered public discussion to test the wis-
dom of national policy.
The aims and directions of our country's
actions abroad therefore are not merely a
legitimate subject for national debate.
They constitute an area In which the
authentic national interest requires us to
provide full opportunity for public speech
and for the assertion of diverse points of
view.
In the political realm there are no truths
so absolute and no judgments so wise that
they may be withdrawn from public scru-
tiny. Especially on such fundamental mat-
ters as war and peace, which touch upon the
life of every American citizen, it is necessary
for our country's position to be subject to
the corrective influence of public review and
criticism.
One would suppose this principle to be a
truism of the democratic process. Neverthe-
less it appears to have been forgotten gr at
least temporarily set aside by some of our
most influential national leaders of both
political parties. The desire of administra-
tion spokesmen to mobilize public endorse-
ment for U.S. military intervention in Viet-
nam unhappily has been accompanied by a
corollary desire to discourage criticism and
by an apparent willingness to countenance
limitations upon free speech and free assem-
bly inconsistent with the tenets of an open
society.
We, therefore, believe it imperative publicly
to reaffirm that the right of vigorous pro-
test-including demonstrations, parades,
rallies, peaceful picketing, and the distribu-
tion of literature-is protected by the first
amendment; and further that this right of
demonstration may not be limited by police
on the ground that such behavior might in-
cite others to retaliatory action. We believe
that academic freedom requires that mem-
bers of the teaching community be allowed
the liberty outside the classroom to express
their personal views on controversial matters
without fear of punishment or reprisal.
With respect to current protests over U.S.
policies in'Vietnam, the task of Government
authorities and law enforcement agencies is
to insure that all those seeking peaceably
to express their ' views, no matter what they
may be and no matter how extreme they may
seem, are afforded the opportunity to do so
without exposure to penalty, interference,
or the threat of violence.
Recent actions by various Government of-
ficials do not accord with this understand-
ing 6f the public responsibility. Govern-
ment figures on all levels have contributed to
the evolution of a public mood in which any
criticism of American foreign policy in the
Far East becomes hazardous. The Attorney
General has threatened a full-scale investi-
gation into the demonstrations and has
warned that "we may have some prosecutions
in this area." The Director of the FBI an-
nounced that the Communists are exploiting
the protest against the Vietnam war. A Sen-
ate Internal Security Subcommittee report
charged that the demonstrations had passed
into the hands of Communists and extreme
elements-.an obvious attempt to frighten
off participation by Americans of moderate
views who may nevertheless be genuinely
troubled by our present course in the Far
East.
Even more disturbing are threats by var-
ious State officials of the selective service pro-
gram to revoke the deferment of student
protesters, to "run down these people as their
names appear in the papers" and generally
to employ the selective service system as a
vehicle for punishing political dissent. These
plans have been announced with no word of
disapproval from General Hershey, the na-
tional head of selective service, that would
remind these Government officials they are
empowered solely to administer the law and
not to harass lawful political activity.
The atmosphere engendered by these pro-
nouncements is best exemplified by the leg-
islation hastily enacted last August to pun-
ish those members of the protest movement
who have sought to dramatize their oppo-
sition by the public burning of draft cards.
We do not condone the burning of cards but
we do not believe this practice constitutes
the kind of clear and present danger to our
national security necessary to justify such
new and drastic legislation. The fact is that
the burning of a draft card in itself has no
A63
substantial consequences and in any case
was already actionable under statutes requir-
ing those subject to the draft to carry their
draft cards on their persons at all times.
The burning of the card in no way releases,
excuses or. immunizes anyone from the op-
eration of the Selective Service Act or from
the obligation to serve. It is a minor form of
agitation whose sole meaning is symbolic
and hortatory. Under these circumstances
it is a demonstration of legislative excess
that those who destroy draft cards will now
be subject to maximum penalties of 5 years
imprisonment or $10,000 fine or both. This
punishment stands in absurd contrast to the
penalty for those guilty of desecrating the
U.S. flag, who face no more than 30 days'
imprisonment or a $100 fine or both. The
dignity of this country-and we believe its
ultimate safety-would have been better
served if American officials had had the com-
posure to treat draft card buring as a routine
Infraction subject to such sanctions as were
already prescribed under existing law.
This growing intemperance has evoked a
menacing climate intolerant of any expres-
sion of difference, This is manifest in the
contrast in public demeanor at the two
parades that recently marched down Fifth
Avenue in New York City.
Whatever may be said of the arguments
of those who marched in protest over cur-
rent American ` policies, their conduct
throughout was restrained, orderly, and
peaceful. They were, moreover, subject to
extreme provocation in the form of vitupera-
tive and obscene vocal attacks from the side-
walks and frequently to physical assault
from onlookers who repeatedly broke through
police lines In order to disrupt the assem-
bly.
On the Other hand, although the over-
whelming majority of those who marched in
the officially sponsored counter-demonstra-
tion several weeks later were similarly dis-
ciplined and orderly, the fact remains that
any one in the vicinity of the march who
dared murmur dissent or who carried a pla-
card even remotely disagreeing with the es-
tablished position was immediately set upon
both by demonstrators who left the line of
march and by zealous sidewalk patriots all
too eager to help. It is noteworthy that
none of the personages who sponsored the
march or who occupied positions of honor on
the reviewing stand found it appropriate to
disassociate himself from these acts, to de-
nounce those who perpetrated them or to
call for better appreciation and protection
of the rights of those who disagreed.
We are mindful of the difficulties posed by
the participation of Communists and other
extremists in protests against U.S. policies
in Vietnam. But they represent only a small
minority of the many who are concerned.
The protest movement includes thousands
of loyal and law-abiding Americans, includ-
ing members of the U.S. Senate, who have
sincere reservations about our Vietnam poli-
cies. At the very least therefore we believe
it incumbent upon Government authorities
to link any pronouncement they make on
the Vietnam protest movement with an af-
firmation of the content and purposes of
the first amendment, with the clear pro-
nouncement that lawful protest and dis-
sent are not disloyal, and with the assurance
that no punishment or obloquy will be as-
sessed -against those persons who exercise
their constitutional right to speak their
minds.
We are deeply cognizant of the challenges
our Government faces in Asia and in other
parts of the world. We venture no simple
solution to these complex, even agonizing
problems. We urge only that great public
debate that must ensue be allowed to pro-
ceed untrammeled and unafraid.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX January 12, 1966
EX"1'ENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN S. MONAGAN
OF CONNECTICUT
PI THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, January 12, 1966
Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I re-
cently had the privilege of attending
arid participating in the ceremonies in
which Burton P. Daugherty, national
commandant of the Marine Corps
[League, presented the first National
Young Marines Charter to the Young
Marines of the Valley Detachment at
Ansonia, Conn.
I want to pay a very special compli-
ment to all of the men and women of
the Naugatuck, Conn., Valley who have
worked with the commanding officer of
the Ansonia detachment. Steve Zuraw,
in. the formation and development of
this youth program.
The Ansonia detachment was initiated
in 1962 and it draws its membership from
Ansonia, Derby, Shelton, Seymour, Bea-
con Falls. Oxford, and Southbury. The
charter ceremonies attracted nationwide
attention focusing on an organized youth
group whose purpose is the improvement
of health, education, and citizenship of
,youngster's ranging in age from 8 to 17
Years.
The January 1966 edition of the Leath-
erneck, the magazine of the Marines
carried a feature article entitled "The
Young Marines" by Sgt. George Broad-
ley. with photos by Cpl. Gary Scarbrough,
on the Ansonia, detachment.
With your permission, Mr. Speaker,
I include the article here in order that
this deserving and developing program
may properly be called to the attention
o=i my colleagues:
THE YOUNG MARINES
i liy Sgt. George Hroadleyl
't'he sounds of boot camp vary little be-
tween Parris Island and San Diego. The
same gru0' voices give the same deep com-
mands, and the same boots scramble to obey
the ordere_
Older marines with "tinre in" usually stand
by and smile, remembering their own experi-
ences at the hands of D.L's. Then, with
memories intact, they go about their daily
routine.
Now the San Diego or Parris Island atmos-
phere is present at other boot camps and
stations throughout the Nation.
Working under the direction oi the Marine
Corps Le igue, its members have started a
youth group called the Young Marines.
`-'oungters ranging from 8 to 17 years old
arc now wearing the forest green utility
uniform. 't'hey wear it with as much pride
and rieat:'_ess as do their older counterparts
in the re i l;ir Marine Corps.
While till too young to serve their cotln-
try in the armed services, these young men
work hard at being better citizens. and possi-
bly future regular marines.
't'hey a.re learning the meaning of personal
pride, integrity, and faithfulness to their
fellow man. Also, they have a headstart
on other boys their age, for they are learning
the meaning and value of discipline.
The M;rine Corps League is sponsoring the
program and has given the first National
Young Marines charter to the Young
Marines of the Valley Detachment at An-
sonia, Conn.
Steve Zuraw, the energetic commanding
officer of the Ansonia detachment, said that
the boys get a shock treatment similar to
that of a new recruit at either Parris Island
or San Diego. They soon get t'~ know the
words "Yes, sir," "No, sir," "Double time"
and the meaning of military courtesy.
Their boot camp usually lasts for about 20
weeks. The 2r/2-hour class sessions are held
on Friday nights. Upon complel.ion of boot
training, the youths are "grad-nted" into
the regular unit.
While the rank structure is the same as
the regular Marine Corps, their promotions
entail far more tha,ri having tee required
time in grade and passing the current GMST.
The League's Young Marines are marked on
church attendance, personal cleanliness, post
attendance, physical health and school marks.
If a Young Marine's school marks fall below
average, he is asked to leave the organization.
This seems to have its desired effect be-
cause the Young Marines are well above the
average in scholastic markings Teachers
credit this fact to the training that the
youngsters receive from their D Us, arid an
avid desire to learn.
The lads also have a physical fitness pro-
grain in which they are instruc i ed in box-
ing; simple judo and wrestling They are
also taught craftsmanship, model building,
outdoor survival and some military subjects,
including drill, inspections, national history,
and pride in Corps and county.
Mr. Burton P. Daugherty, Na' tonal Com-
mandant of the League, presented the Young
Marine charter. He said, "there can be no
better way for the league to demonstrate its
determination to fulfill its purl; ose than to
sponsor a program for American youth de-
signed to preserve and perpetuate our Na-
tion's heritage of a free society."
The Ansonia detachment was started early
in 1962, and its serves the cities of Ansonia,
Derby, Shelton, Seymour, Beacon Falls, Ox-
ford, and Southbury.
The first formal presentation c the Young
Marines, in a parade, took place at the Ma-
rine Corps League national convention in
Cleveland, Ohio, in 1963.
Due to this particular perform rice, League
members decided to adopt the program and
form other units throughout the country.
Units are presently in operation in Con-
necticut, Florida, California, Misa,ouri, Wash-
ington, Louisiana, New York, in d Illinois.
"Our Young Marine program is definitely
one of the finest and most worthwhile proj-
ects the league has even under'.:iken," said
Marine Corps League Comman6ant Daugh-
erty. "We're giving it evervthin =, we've got."
EXTENSION OF REM ARKS
Os.
HON. LEONARD FARLSTEIN
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, January 12. 1966
Mr. FARBSTEIN. Mr. Sneaker, on
January 20, Morris Weinber;:: will cele-
brate his 90th birthday. At the same
time, he and his gracious wife, Dora,
will celebrate their 65th wedding anni-
versary. It gives me great pleasure to
salute these fine people who have con-
tributed so much to-the enrichment of
American :life.
Morris Weinberg is the founder of the
Day-Jewish Journal, a paper which has
been an important voice in Jewish-Alner-
ican affairs since 1914. But even be-
fore that, Morris Weinberg was a dy-
namic force. Since the turn of the cen-
tury, he has been a man who has devoted
himself to noble causes. His is a name
that evokes the warmest feelings of act-
miration and respect. He has served
his people and his country very, very
well.
Mr. and Mrs. Weinberg are currently
enjoying in Palm Beach, Fla., a retire-
ment which they have both earned. I
am certain that my colleagues, of what-
ever faith they may be, join me in ex-
tending their salutations and best wishes
to Morris and Dora Weinberg. I wish
them many, many more years of fruit-
ful and happy life. They are a wonder-
ful example of fine Jews and fine
Americans.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, January 10, 1966
Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker,
twice in less than 2 years, India has
suffered the loss of its leader.
Each death has been a tragedy arid a
crisis of major magnitude, not only to
India, but, to the world.
Each has also marked a. turning point.
and an awakening to reality in this new-
yet old-land after centuries of slumber.
The first death was Prime Minister
Nehru, the Kashmir aristocrat who led
one-sixth of the world's population along
the dangerous and difficult path of se.f-
government for 17 years.
The second death was Prime Minister
Shastri, the tiny man from near the holy
city of Benares, who attempted to weld
India into a cohesive whole in the face of
crises.
Nehru was a man of strength who be-
lieved passionately in peace., a world
leader who saw his dreams of a neutral
and economically strong India sur-
rounded by peaceful neighbors exploded
by Red Chinese attacks on Indian soil.
Shastri was a man of compassion who
believed in strength in the face of threats
from outside its borders and who turned
inward toward domestic problems rather
than outward toward the world.
Shastri was also a man of courage,
who negotiated a ceasefire with neigh-
boring Pakistan on the day of his death,
even though such negotiations were dan-
gerous to him politically.
Prime Minister Shastri's time in office
was shoat. But his accomplishments
may well prove to be among the greatest
in Indian history.
His efforts to bring peace to Kashmir,
to feed the people of India and find the
means by which India could defend itself
from Red Chinese aggression are deeds
which many thought impossible of
achievement.
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January 12, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
Out of the death of this man so small The reason for the skepticism lies, I think,
in physical stature but so large in heart in a national trait we don't boast about or
and mind could come peace and stability even really believe we possess. If we are
for India and the subcontinent and a cheerful, generous, and courageous, we are
richer life for its people. a highly suspicious a good bit of the time,
pecially about a situation where the cards
Why Should
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN. R. HANSEN
OF IOWA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, January 12, 1966
Mr. HANSEN of Iowa. Mr. Speaker,
every American President since 1954 has
offered support to the people of South
Vietnam. Over the years, we have made
a national pledge to help that country
defend its independence.
President Johnson also took up this
task. Indeed, he expanded the American
involvement by many times believing
that to withdraw from one battlefield
means only to prepare for the next. We
are no longer losing the war in Viet-
nam-nor, however, are we really win-
ning it. We are at least in a position
where we can seek peace terms with
honor and without surrendering South
Vietnam to the aggressors.
President Johnson has launched an
all-out peace offensive to achieve a ces-
sation of the hostilities. He was im-
mediately attacked for his "grandstand
play" and his "insincerity." Previously he
was severely criticized for his so-called
indifference to enemy peace feelers, and
now he is being attacked for taking the
initiative in this area.
Perhaps this is just an element of our
American democracy. Whatever our
leaders do, we mistrust their motives and
make the most of our freedom to criti-
cize.
A recent editorial by Loudon Wain-
wright in Life magazine deals with this
very subject. I submit this excellent
article for the benefit of my-colleagues.
The article follows :
WHY SHOULD OPEN DEALING BE SUSPECT?
(By London Wainwright)
It has been interesting during these days
of President Johnson's peace offensive to hear
the bleats of those who are opposed to it.
The President is variously accused of partici-
pating in worldwide vaudeville, of practicing
amateurish diplomacy, of negating gains. we
have won in Vietnam, of polishing up his
own image as a man of peace before he ad-
vises the Congress and the people that we will
have to escalate the war.
Certainly Mr. Johnson thrives on theatri-
cality, and he delights in taking devious
routes to hidden objectives. Yet I am as-
tonished that more people have not inter-
preted this dramatic, high-level missionary
assault around the globe as evidence that he
sincerely seeks an honorable end of the con-
flict. In fact, I think the skepticism about
his methods and his aims not only demeans
the man but renders to the enemy a full
measure of the same sort of comfort they get
from our peace marchers. See,'it might well
be said in Hanoi, the Americans themselves
have little faith in this diplomatic stunt-
flying; it is a sign of trickery or weakness,
and we will have nothing to do with it.
Open
Dealing Be
A65
that some powerful quarters are whispering
to them that he means it, too.
Virtually wherever one finds himself in the
spectrum of American opinion-unless he is
in favor of all-out assault or, on the other
hand, total withdrawal from Vietnam-most
people, from the peace marchers to the
Pentagon, should be able to take some en-
couragement from the peace offensive.
Among other things, it has clarified our aims
to a great part of the world. If some remain
unconvinced we are at least emphatically on
the record. Whatever the results of this
offensive are, it seems to me entirely worthy
of us.
Which raises, of course, the question of
failure. What if the North Vietnamese re-
fuse to take the lull in the bombing or the
President's peace talk as an opportunity to
move toward a settlement? Do we then-
our honest intentions spat upon-fall back
on the cruel logic of escalation and an ex-
panded war? Do we, our worst suspicions
apparently proved out about the uselessness
of straightforward diplomacy, return quickly
to the upward spiral of death? On precisely
that matter New York Times Columnist
James Reston asks a very good question:
"What's the rush?" What, indeed? The
peace offensive has been a good effort and I
believe we should. not easily abandon it just
because it does not immediately work. The
stones grind slow.
"Maggie" Higgins
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. RALPH HARVEY
OF INDIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, January 12, 1966
Mr. HARVEY of Indiana. Mr. Speaker,
I ask unanimous consent to enclose this
editorial from the Muncie (Ind.) Star
titled "'Maggie Higgins' in the issue of
January 7, 1966.
The article follows:
"MAGGIE" HIGGINS
Fragile, blond Marguerite Higgins wore
mud like other women wear makeup while
she was covering the Korean war.
But as she told the general who ordered
her to leave the combat zone, she wasn't
working in Korea as a woman. "I am here,"
she said, "as 'a war correspondent."
She was, and a good one, who slogged
through the thick of it with the foot-soldiers,
wearing slacks, khaki shirt, sneakers, and a
fatigue cap.
She was 24 when she had her baptism of,
fire with the 7th U.S. Army on the Austrian
front. She accompanied the liberating forces
in their surge across Hitler's dying empire.
Her dispatches on the horrors of the con-
centration camps at Dachau and Buchenwald
were detailed, crisp and strong. So, also,
were her stories from Korea, which won her
a Pulitzer Prize.
She had the superior reporter's habit of
refusing to accept the surface picture as the
true one. Her sixth and last book, "Our
Vietnam Nightmare," boldly traces the in-
trigues in the upper echelons of the Ken-
nedy administration which led to the over-
throw and assassination of President Ugo
Dinh Diem and his brother, Ngo Dinh Nhu.
"Maggie" traveled light at the front-
just carried a toothbrush and towel. But
she traveled far. It was a tropical illness
picked up during her travels that cost her
life. But not before she had made her
special contribution to help her country un-
derstand the kaleidoscopic events of a vio-
lent time.
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ppear to be out on the table. On occasions
where there is some room for bargaining,
like buying an automobile, most of us; I sus-
Suspect? pect, go into the deal with the feeling we are
going to get clipped and wind up the negotia-
tions sure of it. In the field of diplomacy,
Americans have become conditioned to sus-
pect that nothing really worthwhile can be
arrived at Openly, and that all meaningful
activities must take place in secret. We sift
a bucket of innuendo for a drop of truth.
Like the man in psychoanalysis who is puz-
zled by his friend's "Hello," we often wonder
what is really meant by the simplest things.
Used to the notion that big things are
brought off in whispers, we doubt the hon-
esty of a loud, clear voice. Of course, the
North Vietnamese, Chinese, and Russians all
share this characteristic of suspicion, so
there is a lot of mutual distrust. But must
that rule out bare truth as a tactic of inter-
national communication?
There has been a considerable amount of
speculation about the factors that might
have impelled the President to undertake
this personalized, global expression of his and
his country's aims toward peace. Some of
this speculation holds that Mr. Johnson was
driven to this extreme in order to confound
and silence the critics of his administration's
policies in Vietnam. The peace marchers,
the draft card burners, the self-immolators,
so this notion goes, have forced the President
into a new and unusual stance.
I very much doubt that this is so. There
can be no question that the President has
been disturbed by the current agitations of
one sort and another, and certainly he must
have been upset by the allegations that in
the recent past the United States had been
reluctant to find a peaceful settlement.
Surely, too, he has been aware-though his
favorite indicators, the polls, do not always
clearly show such things-of the fact that
the national conscience is troubled by the
bloody dilemmas of Vietnam. Yet it seems
more reasonable to me to believe that the
President is not simply acting in response to
these things, but rather that he is testing out
direct truthfulness as a possible approach to
the practical solution of a terrible problem.
Why on earth does that have to be such a
poor idea?
For one important thing, there appears to
be no evidence that we have been getting any
closer to a peaceful settlement through the
techniques of a mounting escalation.. The
enemy simply increases his commitment, and
it is decidedly unclear how much escalation
it will take to bring Hanoi to what U.N. Am-
bassador Arthur Goldberg, in an interesting
reminder that he was once a bigtime labor
lawyer, referred to in Rome as "the bargain-
ing table." I suppose that, if we ever reach
that place, it will indeed be a bargaining
table, with certain clauses tipped into the
contract here and there to mollify the vari-
ous parties. Assuming that our principal
.goal is peace, assuming .also that we do not.
intend to betray our obligations to the South
Vietnamese or to cut and run to achieve
that peace, I cannot understand how we
minimize our chances for it by saying so to
everyone within jet range.
When I heard Pope Paul say in New York,
"No more war, war never again," I believed
that he thought such an astounding condi-
tion was possible. When I hear that a covey
of emissaries named HUMPHREY, Harriman,
Goldberg, Bundy, and Williams has fanned
out all over the world, I find myself believ-
ing that the man who sent them means what
he says. And from the strident tone of the
squawks now coming from Hanoi, I'd guess
 Approved For Release 2006/11/06: CIA-RDP67B00446R000400010015-0
A66
, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX January .12, 1966
Where Does Space Fit in a War Budget?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, January 12, 1966
Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker,
the editorial in the Sunday Star of Ile-
comber 19, 1.965, is a most thoughtful.
analysis of the role of our space program
in a wartime situation. This editorial
clearly identifies the essential features of
the NASA effort and its place in meeting
our national commitments in the Viet-
nam struggle.
WHERE DOES SPACE FIT IN A WAR BUDGET?
There is more than a little irony in the
fact that a cutback in space spending, at
least in some degree, is almost certain to
follow close on the heels of last week's
splendid achievements by our astronauts.
Even so, and however incongruous it may
seem, the demands of the-war in Vietnam are
bearing down hard on a beleaguered Presi-
dent.
The outlook in this respect has been some-
what clouded by the peace feeler from Hanoi.
Tf Ho Chi Minh was serious, this overture,
might have led to a ceasefire and peace nego-
tiations. Any such hope, however, seems to
have gone down the drain as a result of
premature publicity and the obvious ambig-
uities in the proposal itself. Hanoi is now
saying, untruthfully, that the whole thing
was an American "fabrication."
This probably means that the war will go
on and that its costs can be expected to
rise by billions of dollars. And if we are
to avoid budget deficits of very dangerous
proportions the Government will have to
retrench in the area of the nonessentials or
push through it major tax increase.
No easy choices are in sight. A tax boost
In an election year, especially after all the
self-serving applause which followed the most
recent tax reduction, will be a bitter pill
for Congress to swallow, particularly for those
Members who will be up for reelection. Sig-
nificant retrenchments can and should be
made in some of the Great Society's mas-
sive social programs. But this, too, will be
politically difficult. The Reverend Dr. Mar-
tin Luther King, Jr. has already served notice
that if the President tries to take this way
out of his dilemma "we will have no alter-
native but to use our lobbying and protest:
activity to cret Congress to reverse it." The
President, with his keen ear for the political
nuances, will need a great deal of fortitude
L o s tand up to this threat.
So, quite naturally, the budget pruners
are taking a hard look at prospective space
spending. What NASA projects can be can-
celed. stretched out, or pushed back? Realis-
tically, what is the outlook for significant
economies in this area?
Space spending in this fiscal year, which
ends June 30, will be about $5.17 billion.
NASA would like an additional $500 million
for next year, but probably won't get it. A
halt in further work on the Advanced Orbit-
ing Solar Observatory has been announced.
A nuclear Dower unit for the Voyager proj.-
cct, envisioning an unmanned journey to
Mars in the 1970's, may be in danger. And
other as yet unidentified exploratory under--
1,akings are expected to get the ax.
Development of it nuclear power unit
would be expensive. This is not generally
true, however, of unmanned space explora-
tion. Consequently the opportunity for econ-
omies in these projects, at least in the
short run, are not great. For practical pur-
poses this leaves as areas of possible substan-
tial savings, the remaining Gemini flights
and the forthcoming tests of Apollo, the
spacecraft which has been counted upon to
land Americans on the moon by 1969.
The lunar project is the big dollar con-
sumer. Estimates of the eventual cost range
from $20 to $30 billion.
The moon program grows out of the Na-
tional Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958,
strongly backed by the then majority leader,
Lyndon Johnson, and a proposal in 1961 by
President Kennedy which looked toward a
manned flight to the moon and back by the
end of this decade. Among the considera-
tions was the prospect that we might beat the
Russians to the moon, and thereby offset
some of the prestige they had won through
their sputnik flights and the great power of
their launching rockets.
Support for a crash program to get to the
moon has been considerably less than unani-
mous. One of the dissenters is Dr. Warren
Weaver, a distinguished mathematician and
former president of the American Association
for the Advancement of Science. Iii it copy-
righted interview earlier this month with
U.S. News & World Report, Dr. Weaver said
that if we are doing this as some "ridiculous
race" against the Russians it is "just plain
stupid." The moon, he added, is going to be
there, and "I think we are utilizing at the
present time altogether too much money,"
* " rt too much of our Nation's technical
competence and too much strategic material.
Dr. Weaver believes the really important
questions which may be answered through a
$30 billion moon project could have been
sensibly answered at a cost of $500 million
over a 5-year period. Presumably, what he
had in mind was the landing of instruments,
not mren, on the moon.
Quite a different view is held by Iir. George
E. Mueller, NASA's associate administrator
for manned space flight. In an address to
the National Conference of Editorial Writers
a year ago, he said the principal goal of the
manned space program is not to beat the
Russians to the moon, but to make the
United States first in spare. Apparently cal-
culating that the 8-year Apollo program will
cost about $20 billion, Dr. Mueller said: "We
found that if the remaining 6 years of work
were stretched out over 12 years the total
cost of the presently approved manned flight
program would increase by about 30 percent,
or about $6 billion. Thus, the economic
considerations support the maintenance of
the present well-paced schedule."
What this seems to mean is that a outback
over the next few years, assuming this to be
feasible, would increase the final bill by the
very large sum of $6 billion. And i' an even-
tual higher cost is thought to be worthwhile
for the sake of reduced expenditures in the
immediate future, the problems of a stretch-
out still remain formidable.
The financial commitments already made
for the Apollo program, not to mention the
remaining Gemini launchings, cannot be dis-
honored. The first Saturn rocket, the IS, is
ready for its initial test. The Saturn V, ex-
pected to produce 7.5 million pounds of
thrust, is far advanced. So is work on the
vehicles which these powerful rockets can
hurl into space. It is difficult to see how
this work can be stopped or significantly
slowed down without losing more than would
be gained from a temporary doll.; r savings.
Then there is the problem of holding to-
gether the space team we have so carefully
built up, including not only the astronauts
themselves, but also the 300,000 highly
trained technicians who back them up. To
let some or most of them go could have
disastrous consequences on our whole fu-
ture in space..
The very existence of this space-and-the-
budget problem rests, of course, on the as-
sumption that we are in for a long war, a
war which will make increasing demands on
our men and our resources. It the new
peace-feeler report should prove to be the
real thing, if :indeed we get to the conference
table before much longer, the President will
not have to concern himself unduly with
budget cuts In the nonmilitary areas. But
Mr. Johnson as of now cannot bank on such
a happy issue out of all his afflictions. He
must plan to cut spending where he can cut.
And while the space program can be trimmed
here and there, the really big item in that
program-the journey to the moondoes not
seem to hold much promise for the pruners.
Which means that the squeeze must be ap-
plied elsewhere.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN
OF NEW JERSEY
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, January 12, 1966
Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, one of the
most gratifying legislative achievements
of the first session was the high-speed
ground transit act. Many hope-and I
am one of them-that this program will
help railroads regain the popularity and
prosperity they once enjoyed in the pas-
senger field.
I am proud that one of the test proj-
ects of this program will take place in
late 1966 between New Brunswick and
Trenton, N.J., because of the area's
unique rail facilities and physical
qualities.
It was satisfying to read in late 1965
that the Department of Commerce
awarded a contract to the Budd Co. for
the cars that will conduct the experi-
ments and tests. And service on the
Boston-New York-Washington run is ex-
pected to start about April 1967, with
train speeds ranging to 150 miles per
hour. Because of the many merits of
New Brunswick and the surrounding
area, I hope that this "Hub City" will be
one of the stops on the run.
In short, notable progress is being
made on this historic and challenging
rail program. As one of its several co-
sponsors and as a resident of Middlesex
County, where part of the tests will. be
held, I submit an editorial by the New
Brunswick Daily Home News of Decem-
ber 15, 1965, entitled "Next Year, a
Supertrain."
The editorial follows:
NEXT YEAR, A SUPERTRAIN
You won't be on it but by this time Hex:
year you'll see a shiny four-car supertrain
whooshing along the Penney mainline be-
tween here and Trenton at a cool 150 miles
per hour. That's 21/Z miles per minute, and
that's pretty fast.
The Department of Commerce's Northeast
Corridor project has awarded the Budd Co. of
Philadelphia a near-million-dollar contract
for a crash program to get the four new cars
on the rails late next year.
The cars are not strictly new. They'll ba
basically the shiny self-propelled Budd cars
that a lucky traveler occasionally finds on
the Philadelphia-New York run. A stream-
lined new design and a souped tip power-
plant (more than 60 percent more powerful
than the existing ones) will raise the train's
speed from its present 90 miles per hour to
the desired 150 miles per hour.
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January 12, 1966
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A67
The project people say this stretch of track
between New Brunswick and Trenton has
been chosen because it has welded rails which
give a smooth ride. It is likely another factor
leading to locating the experiment here is
the fac` that this stretch is virtually curve-
less.
While this test of high speed rail equip-
ment is being made here with electrically
powered units, the project will conduct an-
other experiment on a stretch of nonelec-
trifled track somewhere between Boston and
New York in the New Haven Railroad. The
pcwer in this second experiment will be gas
turbines. Contracts are expected to be let
soon for this experiment.
The results of the two tests will be evalu-
ated, and then it is expected that the De-
partment of Commerce will chose the better
system and order 50 cars at a cost of some
$10 million and put.them into service be-
tween Boston and Washington.
The benefits which 150 miles per hour
speeds will bring to different communities
will vary. A key factor will be the choice
of stops for the high speed trains. Obvi-
ously they can't stop at every station or they
will never attain the terminal-to-terminal
speed which is the chief reason for estab-
lishing the service.
We would hope and expect that New
Brunswick would be a regular stop for the
high speed trains. Our area is growing raf
pidly in population. Rutgers will continue
to generate more and more passenger poten-
tial. Some of our largest industries are
headquartered in cities on the Boston-New
York-Washington run and their executives
will find the high speed service convenient
if there is a stop here. New Brunswick would
also be the logical stop for travel between
Princeton and New York and the Northeast.
While the new service is being tested here,
New Brunswick will be a center of Interest
for all people interested in railway progress,
and the refurbishing of the Pennsylvania
Station here for the Rutgers bicentennial will
come at a time appropriate in railroad his-
tory too.
Wyoming VISTA Week
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. TENO RONCALIO
OF WYOMING
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, January 12, 1966
Mr. RONCALIO. Mr. Speaker, one of
the most encouraging fronts in the war
on poverty is VISTA. The Volunteers in
Service to America have asked and an-
swered the question of what they can do
for their country. VISTA initiated a
program in October at Fort Washakie in
Wyoming. The understanding and as-
sistance of VISTA volunteers has won the
respect and gratitude of our entire State.
In this regard, I am pleased to enter the
statement of Gov. Clifford P. Hansen in
proclaiming this week as VISTA Week in
Wyoming.
The proclamation follows:
PROCLAMATION
Whereas the war on poverty is the concern
of all citizens and its successful waging can
bring new hope and opportunity to those fel-
low Americans who do not share In this Na-
tion's promise; and
Whereas one of the most effective means of
eradicating poverty is through the efforts of
individual persons who live and work with
the poor; and
Whereas the Volunteers in Service to
America are fellow citizens who have chosen
to devote 1 year of their lives to this na-
tionwide effort and are now seeking others
who join their ranks; and
Whereas many people in Wyoming are
eligible to join VISTA-retired teachers,
technicians, young college graduates, hus-
band and wife teams who are seeking new
programs to offer encouragement and assist-
ance, can work with people in 1 of the 50
States and U,S, territories; and
Whereas the Wyoming courage and experi-
ence in fighting hardship is an important
asset for VISTA volunteers; Wyoming people
can carry their spirit and skill to the poor
people of America, in rural and urban com-
munities wherever poverty exists:
Now, therefore, I, Clifford P. Hansen, Gov-
ernor of the State of Wyoming, do hereby
proclaim the period of January 9 through
January 15, 1966, as VISTA Week in Wyoming
and urge all who can to explore this oppor-
tunity to serve America on its diverse home
fronts.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set
my hand and caused the great seal of the
State of Wyoming to be affixed this 4th day
of January, 1966.
CLIFFORD P. HANSEN,
Governor.
Invocation for Navy Day Luncheon
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. DON H. CLAUSEN
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, January 12, 1966
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker,
the invocation for the Navy Day lunch-
eon celebration, given by the Reverend
Howard Dalton of the First Methodist
Church in Santa Rosa, Calif., was un-
questionably one of the most impressive
opening prayers I have had the privilege
of hearing.
In observing the comments and reac-
tions of the Navy personnel in attend-
ance at this luncheon, I was convinced
that they were equally impressed.
Therefore, I take this opportunity to in-
clude Reverend Dalton's prayer in the
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD for the benefit of
my colleagues in the Congress.
INVOCATION FOR NAVY DAY LUNCHEON
Dear Lord and Father of all mankind. We
come unto Thee with gratitude in our hearts
and words of praise upon our lips. Receive
our thanks for the good earth, upon which
we are privileged to live, and all the bless-
ings that come unto us from Thee.
We praise Thee for the ideals of our fore-
fathers who lived dangerously, fought hero-
ically, and served courageously to gain and
maintain our freedom. Give us a renewed
vision of the true meaning. of freedom and a
determination to preserve and extend it unto
all Thy children.
May Thy richest blessings be upon the
Commander in Chief of our Nation,and all
others who guide the policies and destiny of
our Nation. Endow them with divine wis-
dom that in all decisions made Thy will shall
be done on earth.
As our attention centers upon the Naval
personnel who have and continue to serve
so faithfully, we give thee thanks for each of
them who have given so much for us. Gra-
ciously bless the officers and men of our
Navy. Guard the ships that plow through
the waters of the seas in their efforts to pre-
serve peace, relieve the oppressed and main.
tain freedom in our world.
Bless all nations of mankind on the face
of the earth and hasten the time when the
principles of holy religion shall so prevail
that none shall wage war any more for the
purposes of aggression and none shall need
it as a means of defense.
Bless the food of the hour and strengthen
our bodies to do Thy will in all things, we
pray in Thy Holy Name. Amen.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, January 12; 1966
Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker,
the Dallas Times Herald featured an
article by Alvin B. Webb, Jr., on Decem-
ber 17, 1965, which catches the flavor of
the final laps of the flights of Gemini 6
and 7 and the total dedication of our
astronauts reaching the objective of
landing on the moon by 1970. The dia-
log between the Houston control and
astronauts Frank Borman and James
Lovell typifies their dedication to ful-
filling our national objective. I com-
mend the reading of this dialog in the
last hours of the flight:
GEMINI 7 NEARING FINAL LAPS: PICTURES
TAKEN AT RENDEZVOUS ELATE SPACEMEN
(By Alvin B. Webb, Jr.)
SPACE CENTER, HOUSTON.-Space kings
Frank Borman and James Lovell, joking and
cheerfully recalling their tremendous ex-
perience of rendezvous with Gemini 6, sped
today toward their 14th and final day in orbit
and an Atlantic splashdown tomorrow.
While earthlings viewed the first spectacu-
lar film of that nose-to-nose formation flight,
the Gemini 7 crew fought off problems with a
pesky fuel cell electrical supply system and
received a "go" for their 14th day.
Their space buddies, Gemini 6 Pilots Wal-
ter Schirra and Thomas Stafford, returned
today to Cape Kennedy. Gemini 6 brought
back the first pictures of a spaceship in or-
bit-a fantastic view of Gemini 7 close to
within 6 feet of it Wednesday.
Astronaut Elliot See told Borman and Lo-
vell the pictures "are remarkably clear * * *
just every little detail as clear as a bell. You
look just great sitting up there."
"Well, thank you," the obviously pleased
Borman replied. "It was a tremendous ex-
perience.
"We're really in pretty good shape." Bor-
man reported. They were in their 195th
orbit.
They were also told the filmstrips were
shown over television networks, to which
Borman quipped in jest: "And we are in our
underwear."
Borman also had a word to say when
ground stations told them Schirra and Staf-
ford stepped from their capsule Friday as if
they had been up for a brief jet plane ride:
"That's all they did, for crying out loud."
Flight Director John Hodge said he was
"very happy" today with the erratic fuel cells
on the Gemini 7.
"All the systems we have looked at are go-
ing extremely well," Hodge said. "There's no
reason why we shouldn't just go straight on
downhill from here on."
Hodge said Gemini 7 had about 8 to 10
.pounds of fuel left and would have half of
that Saturday for reentry.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX January 12, 1966
The fuel cell problems were considered so
serious Thursday that it seemed possible the
14-day flight might be cut short. But there
was no talk of that today either at the space
center or in the spacecraft where Borman and
Lovell, cheerful and relaxed, chatted with
pround controllers.
Moth astronauts awoke chipper and re-
sponded crisply when See radioed an up-
dated flight, plan to them.
"Iii, there, Houston, how are you this
morning?" Borman said "Did you sleep well
last night?"---turning the tables on ground
controllers, who have been asking continual
questions on the astronauts' condition.
See filled Borman in on Schirra's pinpoint
landing near the carrier Wasp Thursday, and
Borman said:
"Get that right. There's a lot riding on
this." He a.nd Schirra made a bet Wednesday
during their historic rendezvous flight as to
which would get the closest to the carrier on
landing.
Lovell asked about his wife Marilyn, who is
expected to give birth to their fourth child
this month. Flight Surgeon Dr. Charles
Berry told him there was "a little bit of a
scare the other night but it didn't amount
to anything."
He said Mrs. Lovell was sorry she didn't
have the baby while Lovell was in orbit.
The first photographs showed the Gemini
7 spacecraft looking brandnew and glid-
ing over the brilliant blues and whites of
earth 185 miles below.
(The dramatic pictures, believed taken by
Schirra, showed straps dangling from a
thermal blanket attached to the rear of the
adapter section to protect it from the bitter
cold of space.
(The straps were left when the spacecraft
separated from the launch vehicle.
(The object which Gemini 7 astronauts
said hit their windshield shortly after launch
December 4 apparently was one of the
straps.)
'I'he Gemini 7 spacecraft was also having
troubles with two of its maneuvering rockets,
but the problem was not serious and the fuel
cells were receiving most of the attention.
Space agency officials denied they were
gambling on the troublesome fuel cell elec-
trical power supply units. They said the
fuel cells would carry through with plenty
of margin.
"I think nothing means more to Frank
Borman and James Lovell than to complete
this mission as planned" said Astronaut
[:ugene Cernan at a midnight news confer-
ence.
If all goes as planned, the champion astro-
nauts will lire their four powerful braking
rockets at 8:28 a.m. es.t. (7:28 am. Dallas
time) Saturday and end their record-smash-
ing cosmic journey with an Atlantic Ocean
splashdown at 9:05 a.m. e.s.t. (8:05 a.m. Dal-
las time).
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN P. SAYLOR
OV PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, January 12, 1966
Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, as it
member of the Congressional Sponsoring
Committee, I call your attention to the
first annual Pennsylvania Ski Ball which
will take place next Saturday evening,
January 15, at the Statler-Hilton Hotel
in tl.is city. The affair is designed to
promote our State's rapidly growing rec-
reation industry, particularly the out-
standing ski resorts, as well as to make a
contribution to assist in financing the
U.S. ski team at the next Olympic Fames.
Winter sports enthusiasts in this area
should be especially interested in the ex-
cellent winter sports facilities now avail-
able in Pennsylvania. It is a long day's
trip to New Hampshire or Vermont, but
Pennsylvania's winter wonderlands are
between 2 and 4 hours by car from the
Nation's Capital. Many groups and
families leave Washington on Friday
afternoons to enjoy full weekends of win-
ter sports in our State.
Gov. William Scranton and Senators
HucH SCOTT and JosEPH S. CLARK, Jr.,
are honorary chairmen of the Pennsyl-
vania Ski Ball sponsored by the Pennsyl-
vania Society of Washington. General
chairman is Attorney William D. Patton,
of Johnstown, who is vice president of
the society. We all invite you to take
advantage of the healthy recreational
facilities that are in such easy reach of
this area .
German Government Statement Supports
President Johnson's Vietnam Peace
Effort
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. JOSEPH E. KARTH
OF MINNESOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, January 12, 1966
Mr. KARTH. Mr. Speaker, on Janu-
ary 7, 1966, the Federal Republic of Ger-
many issued a statement which gives
strong and unequivocal support to Presi-
dent Lyndon B. Johnson's effort to bring
peace to Vietnam.
I am personally pleased that the Ger-
man Government at Bonn has endorsed
this U.S. diplomatic initiative.
The statement follows:
STATEMENT ISSUED ON JANUARY 7, 1966, BY
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERAI. REPUBLIC
OF GERMANY IN BONN
At the end of the past year, President
Johnson announced that the bombing of
Vietnam has been temporarily discontinued.
At the same time, he repeated that the
United States is ready to enter discussions or
consultations with any government at any
time, and without preconditions.
The sincerity of the American efforts for
peace, and the desire to reach a negotiated
settlement, become clear from the 14-point
program in which the American Government
points out that the Indochina Geneva agree-
ments of 1954 and 1962 could well form the
basis for peace in southeast Asia.
The German Government has always main-
tained that the defense of the freedom and
independence of Vietnam, by the United
States, is of the greatest importance for the
entire world. It supports all efforts toward
a peaceful conclusion of the conflict, aiming
at the maintenance of a free and independ-
ent Vietnam. It especially welcomes the
declaration of the American Government
that the Vietnam question must be solved
by the people of Vietnam on the basis of
their own freely arrived at decision.
Within the framework of a far-reaching
diplomatic initiative, the United States has
demonstrated its will for peace. Its efforts
deserve the concurrence of all who love
peace. The German Government and the
German people welcome and support this
position of the United States of America,
borne as it is by a high sense of responsi-
bility.
Private Foundations and Community
Funds
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JAMES C. CORMAN
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, January 12, 1966
Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Law-
rence M. Stone, tax legislative counsel,
Office of the Secretary of the Treasury,
recently delivered a most incisive speech
on taxation and charitable giving before
the Jewish Community Foundation of
Greater Los Angeles.
Mr. Stone's remarks provide a most
valuable analysis of public policy con-
cerning the tax status of publicly sup-
ported and privately supported founda-
tions. His speech points out both abuses
and benefits of our present tax laws.
The operation of foundations is an area
of deep concern to all Members of Con-
gress and I commend Mr. Stone's speech
to their attention as a fine contribution
in this field::
PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS AND COMMUNITY FUNDS
(Address by Lawrence M. Stone, Tax Legis-
lative Counsel, U.S. Treasury Department,
Before 3d Biennial Seminar on Taxation
and Charitable Giving of the Jewish Com-
munity Foundation of Greater Los An-
geles, Beverly Hills Hotel, Beverly Hills,
Calif., Dec. 2, 1965)
Neither charity nor organized community
charitable enterprises are new to the Jewish
people. Indeed, such endeavors are among
our most ancient traditions. They are, per-
haps, one of the reasons for the stubborn
survival of the Jews through centuries of
hostile environment.
The modern notion that the poor have a
right to assistance is deeply imbedded in
Jewish tradition. The Hebrew word "mitz-
vah," frequently used to connote "good
deed," means "commandment." The com-
mon term for charity, "tsdokeh," can be
defined as "social justice." In the meanings
of both of these words one finds a clear
sense of the obligation which charity carries
for those who can do it and the entitlement
which it establishes for those who need it.
The Jewish people have, moreovett, looked
upon the obligation to do charity and the
right to receive it as principles to be en-
forced by the community. Community lead-
ers are charged with responsibility for con-
ducting charitable campaigns. The commu-
nity as a whole judges the ability of each
of its members to give. Those who fail. to
give according to their resources must an-
swer to the community. In these very real
senses, Jewish tradition makes charity a
plain and important public matter.
Yet charity is not necessarily performed
only through community action; good works
do not always spring from such public
sources. Indeed, one of the more remarkable
phenomena of American society in the last
25 years has been the growth of the so-called
private foundation. Charitable organiza-
tions of this type are ordinarily established,
endowed, and directed by a single individual
or a family; and, in that sense at least, they
are private. Today a number of such foun-
dations have assets worth many millions; of
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January,1 2, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX
from the general fund. This was indeed
a great victory.
Believe me, we have every reason to ac-
celerate the construction programs now be-
fore us. We must meet whatever require-
ments are necessary to complete the system,
but in the meantime, it behooves all of us to
expand the cooperation and coordination of
highway planning. We must restudy our
highway needs with particular attention
given to a functional reclassification,of our
highway systems.
During the past few years, we have con-
centrated on the critically needed Interstate
and Defense Highway System. However, in
my opinion, we should not concentrate solely
on freeways and expressways-more atten-
tion must be given to the farm-to-market
and secondary road systems. The Interstate
System is a model achievement of what can
be done with proper and coordinated plan-
ning. And yet, the Interstate System is only
expected to carry 20 percent of the esti-
mated 1 trillion miles that will be driven
by 1976-10 short years from now. That
other 80 percent-800 billion miles--will be
driven on the primary and secondary high-
ways.
It seems only logical to me-that our goal
must be a balanced highway system. With
transportation and highways recognized
generally as the economic lifeline to a com-
munity, one can only conclude that a "bal-
anced highway system" would mean a "bal-
anced economic development" throughout
our land.
With the acceleration of funds and a new
emphasis on secondary roads, a comprehen-
sive system could be developed that will
speed motorists to their destinations in the
safest possible manner.
And then one day, perhaps, we can mini-
mize the slaughters on our highways that
cost more American lives over one weekend
than have been lost during our entire in-
volvement in the war in Vietnam.
I thank you for the privilege of being with
you.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DON EDWARDS
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, January 12, 1966
Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr.
Speaker, what constitutes loyalty is an
age-old question-the answer varies from
nation to nation and within nations,
from era to era. Our own Nation, with
constitutional and historical guarantees
for the freedoms of speech, press, and
association, is subject to wide variations
in the level of tolerance to critical dis-
cussion and dissent. Too often, the
"loyal" American is the orthodox, the
quiet, and the unquestioning American.
In verse form Dr. Gene Gordon bril-
liantly describes the relationship be-
tween loyalty, the social and political
atmosphere, and "the very perfect model
of a member of the faculty." Dr. Gordon
wrote this poem in the midst of the
loyalty oath controversy at the Uni-
versity . of California around 1949. He
was, at the time, a clinical instructor-in
neurology and studying neurology and
psychiatry. "Parrots of Penance" has
been printed anonymously in a journal
of the New Mexico Association of Pro-
fessors, the Northern California Civil
Liberties News, and the magazine Mon-
ocle. Its wit and message commend it
for all to read and ponder and so I in-
clude "Parrots of Penance" in the
"PARROTS OF PENANCE"
(Tune: "I Am the Very Pattern of a
Modern Major General"-Sullivan.)
I am the very model of a member of the
of loyalty,
Because I'm simply overcome with sentiments
of loyalty.
I daily think of reasons why I'm glad to be
American,
And thank the Lord I've always been a regis-
tered Republican.
The thoughts I think are only thoughts ap-
proved by my community.
I pledge allegiance to the flag at every op-
portunuity.
I haven't had a thing to do with Communist
conspirators,
And neither have my relatives, descendants,
or progenitors.
I try to keep away from propositions con-
troversial;
I've no opinions social, politic, or com-
mercial.
And so you see that I must be, with senti-
ments of loyalty,
The very perfect model of a member of, the
faculty.
And so you see that he must be, with senti-
ments of loyalty,
The very perfect model of a member of the
faculty.
I'm qualified to educate in matters of
heredity,
Unsullied by the taint of any doctrinaire
rigidity.
I teach the Darwin theory with valuation
critical,
Uninfluenced by dogmatists religious or
political.
I understand the economic forces that have
made us great;
The system of free enterprise I do not
underestimate.
I'm well equipped objectively to point out
flaws in Marxist thought,
Because I've never read his work; and rest
assured that I will not.
I freely follow truth in ways which I am sure
The Board of regents, William Hearst, and
Hoover of the FBI.
And so you see that I must be, with senti-
ments of loyalty,
The very perfect model of a member of the
faculty.
And so you see that he must be, with senti-
ments of loyalty,
The very perfect model of a member of the
faculty.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN BUCHANAN
OF ALABAMA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, January 12, 1966
Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Speaker, the
citizens of Birmingham and of the Sixth
A79
District of Alabama, which I am honored
to represent,. have selected a most
dramatic way. to demonstrate their sup-
port of our military effort in Vietnam
and the unfailing courage of our fight-
ing men there. By official proclamation
of Mayor Albert Boutwell, the city of
Birmingham has adopted the 1st In-
fantry Division of the U.S. Army, more
affectionately known as the Big Red 1.
Like so many other loyal patriotic
Americans, the good people of Birming-
ham were disturbed and angered by the
demonstrations and draft card burnings
of a small misguided minority in this
country-actions which have perplexed
and even undermined the morale of U.S.
Armed Forces engaged in a difficult and
exhausting struggle thousands of miles
from home. The citizens of Birmingham
determined to show in a concrete and
convincing way they were behind our
men in Vietnam all the way.
The idea of "adopting" the 1st In-
fantry Division, now stationed in Viet-
nam, was first conceived by retired Brig.
Gen. Edward M. Friend, Jr. It was an
apt choice. The Big Red 1 is this
country's oldest division and has an out-
standing and much decorated history. It
was first to shed American blood in
France in World War I and first to land
in North Africa in World War II. It
sparked the conquest of Sicily, stormed
across Omaha Beach in the D-day
assault on Normandy, and was first in
Germany with the capture of Aachen.
The 1st Infantry Division also swept
across the Rhine into Czechoslovakia-
the farthest advance by U.S. troops in
Europe in World War II.
The idea became reality through close
and effective cooperation among the Bir-
mingham Chamber of Commerce, the
Birmingham News, and the officials of
the city of Birmingham. A special com-
mittee of distinguished citizens was
formed by Mayor Boutwell to work on
behalf of the city with the chamber of
commerce. Those members are :
General chairmen: Mayor Albert
Boutwell, Cooper Green. Cochairmen:
Donald Stafford, Crawford Johnson III,
Brig. Gen. E. M. Friend, Jr., USAR,
retired.
Steering Committee: Tom Bradford,
Miss Evelyn Walker, M. E. Hackney, John
A. Jenkins, Dr. John Nixon, Dr. Lucius
Pitts, Drew Redden, and Vincent Town-
send.
The support of the Big Red 1 took
tangible form at Christmastime when
hundreds and thousands of gifts and
letters were sent from Birmingham to
men in Vietnam who would not be home
for the holidays. That support continues
and will continue as long as U.S. forces
must remain in Vietnam to combat com-
munism and defend freedom.
A Birmingham roll of honor has been
organized, saluting organizations, com-
paines, churches, schools, and other
.groups that have adopted units of the
1st Infantry Division. Here is the list
of sponsoring organizations and the units
of the Big Red 1 adopted by them,
as of January 1; 1965.
Mr. Speaker, here is, I know, the real
mood and spirit of America: resolute
and eager to support the fight for free-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- APPENDIX January 12, 1966
dom in Vietnam. I salute the action of
the city of Birmingham in adopting the
1st Infantry Division and I hope that
other cities and towns across this great
country will follow its inspiring example
and let our men in Vietnam know that
the overwhelming majority of Americans
support their stand for freedom and
against tyranny there.
BIG LIED 1 ROLL OF HONOR
Alabama Bridge Association-1st Platoon
"C" Co. 1st Engineer Battalion.
American. Legion Post No. 35, Ensley---
HIeadquarte rs Company 2-18 Infantry 1st In--
fan try Division.
Andrews Appliance & TV Center-701s1;
Maintenance Battalion, Company "E".
Birmingham B. P. W.-Headquarters Com.
pauy, Headquarters 2nd Brigade.
l Birmingham Holy Name Union-`B" Com-
pany 1-16 Infantry.
Birmingham Jaycees-Company "A", 1-28
Infantry.
Birmingham P.T.A. Council--Headquarters
Company 1 28 Infantry.
Birmingham Real Estate Board-"A" Bat-
tery. 1-7 Artillery.
Birmingham Retail Druggist Association---
Company "A" 1st Medical Battalion.
Birmingham Rotary Club---Headquarters
Company 2 18 Infantry.
Brownie Scout Troop No. 159 and Junior
Scout Troop No. 683-242d Chemical Pla-
toon.
Boy Scouts, Troop No. 94, Vulcan-1st Pla-
toon "A" Company 2-18 Infantry.
1i'n.ai-il'rith-Headquarters Company 2-1.6
Infantry.
Birmingham Committee of 100 Women----
C'ompany "C" 2-2 Infantry.
Birmingham-Southern College--D Battey
1st 5th Artillery.
Birmingham Trust National Bank--"t,"
Battery 2-33 Artillery.
Birmingham Association of Life Under-
writers-'C" '1'mop 1-4 Cavalry 1st Infantry
Division.
Birmingham Labor Council-2d Platoon
"C" Co. 1-if Infantry
:lllach's--"A" Battery 1-5 Artillery.
Berry High School "Hope Club"-Head-
quarters Company 1st Brigade 1st Infantry
Division.
Birmingham Elks Lodge No. 79-Headquar.-
ters and Service Battery 2--33 Artillery.
Communications Workers of America- A
Company 121st Signal Battalion.
City Salesmans Club-C Company 1.-28
Infantry.
City National Bank-266th Chemical Pla.
tam.
Chapter No. 1 Licensed Practical Nurses---
13 Company 1st Medical Battalion.
Civitan Club of Birmingham-B Battery
i --7th ArtIllerv-
Church of the Advent-B Battery 8-6 ArtlI .
Ivry.
Irowntown Optimist Club-3d Platoon, C
Company 1.st Engineer Battalion.
Downtown Exchange Club--B Company
1st-2d Infarrtry.
1 )e,wntown Action Committee--Headquar..
ters-Headquarters Company 1st Infantry
Division.
Elton B. Stephens & Associates-Headquax.-
Lers Company "A" 701st Maintenance Bat-
talion.
Eastern Area Chamber of Commerce--lat
Platoon "C" Company 1-1.8 Infantry.
East End Council of Garden Clubs-Com-
pany "A" 2--28 Infantry.
Insley High School--Coanpany "A" 2-I61
Infantry.
Ensley Kiwanis Club-"B" Battery 1-S
Artillery.
First National Bank of Birmingham-"A"
Company 1.-18 Infantry.
Forestdale Lions Club-"B" Company 2-18
Infantry.
First Methodist Church-"D" Transporta-
tion 1-4 Cavalry.
City of Graysville--Headquarters Trans-
portation 1-4 Infantry.
Grace Methodist Church-"C" Company
1-2 Infantry.
Hayes Management Association-Head-
quarters Company 1.st Engineer Battalion.
Homewood Lions Club--Company "A" 1-16
Infantry.
Huffman Business and Professional Wom-
en's Club-4th Platoon "C" Company 1st
Engineer Battalion.
Independent Presbyterian Church-"A"
Company 1st Engineer Battalion.
Insurance Women of Birmingham-Com-
pany "C" 1st Signal Battalion.
Irondale Methodist Church-"A" Company
2-18 Infantry 4th Platoon.
Jefferson County Sheriff's Department--
1st Military Police Company.
Jefferson County Medical Society--Com-
pany "C" 1st Medical Battalion.
John Carroll High School-2d P'atoon "A"
Company 2-18 Infantry.
Kiwanis Club of Birmingham- ileadquar-
ters Company 1-2d Infantry.
Kelley Ingram VFW Post No. 1168-Head-
quarters and Service Battery 1-5 Artillery.
Kelley Ingrain VFW Post No. 66ft--Com-
pany "A"l-2 Infantry.
League of Women Voters-Headquarters
Company 1st S. & T. Battalion.
Liberty National Life Insurance Co.-
Headquarters Company 1-26 Infantry.
Metropolitan Business & Professional Wom-
en--4th Platoon-C Company 1-18th Infan-
try.
Mountain Brook Jaycees--3d Platoon "A"
Company 2-18 Infantry.
Mountain Brooks Lions Club- ileadquar-
ter Company 1-16 Infantry.
Mount Carmel Methodist Church--2d Pla-
toon "C" Company 2-28 Infantry.
Mountain Brook Exchange Club-"A" Bat-
tery 8-6 Artillery.
Men of the Church, 76th Street Presbyter-
ian. Church-"C" Battery 8-6 Artillery.
Nu Ta Sigma Sorority-"A" Company 1st
S. & T. Battalion.
Owens Cumberland VFW Post No. 3492-
Headquarters Company 1--18 Infantry.
Parisians, Inc.-1-7 Artillery "C" Battery.
Phillips High School-"C" Company 2-16th
Infantry.
Pizitz Department Store-Headquarters
Company 2-2d Infantry.
Roebuck Business & Professional Wom-
en's Club Headquarter Battery 1-7 Artillery.
Ruhama Baptist Church-1st Military De-
ta.chinent.
Ramsay High School--lst Company "B"
Company 2-16th Infantry.
Roebuck Camera Club---Headquarters Bat-
tery 8-6 Artillery.
South Avondale Baptist Kindergarten-1st
Platoon "C" Company 2--28 Infantry.
Sirote, Permutt, Friend & Friedman-3d
Platoon "C" Company 2-28 Infantry.
Sertoma Club East--Headquarters Com-
pany High 3d Brigade.
Shades Valley Jaycees----lst Military Police
Company.
Shades Valley Kiwanis Club-"C" Battery
2-33 Artillery.
Tarrant Rotary Club-"B" Company 1-26
Infantry.
Temple Emanu-El--"A" Troop 1--4 Cav-
alry.
United Steel Workers Local No. 1489-3d
Platoon "C" Company 1-18 Inc.
University of Alabama Town & Gown
Theater-4th Platoon "C" Company 2-28 In-
fantry.
Woodlawn High School-Company B 1-28
Inc.
Western Birmingham Jaycees--1st Avia-
tion Battalion, "B" Company.
8th Avenue Branch YWCA-Company 1-16
Infantry.
Young Men's Business Club--Company
"D" 1st Medical Battalion.
Zonta Club of Birmingham--Company "B"
121 Signal Battalion.
Gadsden has adopted the artillery brigade
attached to the Big Red One, and Roadruck
Tool Engineering Co. of Guntersville ha 3
adopted the 2d Platoon of "C" Company
1st Engineer Battalion.
Service of General Wadsworth
Outstanding
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DON FUQUA
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, January 12, 1966
Mr. FUQUA. Mr. Speaker, Sunday,
January 10, 1966, will mark the retire-
ment of Brig. Gen. Louie C. Wadsworth
from the National Guard.
With his retirement a chapter closes
in Florida National Guard history and
his place will be difficult to fill. His has
been a record of dedication and service,
and I join with his friends throughout
the State and Nation in paying tribute to
him as he concludes a distinguished mili-
tary career.
Ceremonies Sunday will see General
Wadsworth promoted to Major General
and retired.
So closes a career that began when he
enlisted in Company E, 154th Infantry,
Florida National Guard in Live Oak, Fla.,
April 18, 1923.
General Wadsworth rose through the
ranks, being commissioned a second liieu-
tenant in 1936. He held this rank when
called to active duty in November 1940.
He served with the 124th Infantry as
platoon leader, company commander,
battalion executive officer, and battalion
commander at Camp Blanding, Fla., and
Fort Benning, Ga., in January 1944.
He later served as regimental execu-
tive officer and regimental commander of
the 3d Student Regiment, the Infantry
School.
He served in the Asiatic-Pacific
Theater as G-3 with general head-
quarters, Armed Forces, Pacific, from
June 1945 until December of that year.
Released from active duty at Camp
Blanding, April 26, 1946, with the rank of
colonel, he accepted an Organized Re-
serve Corps appointment prior to release
from active duty, and served in thh
capacity until named battalion com-
mander, 1st Battalion, 124th Infantry
Regiment in grade of lieutenant. colonel.
He was promoted to colonel and July 29,
1962, was promoted to brigadier general
and served as assistant division com-
mander until reorganization in 1963 when
he was redesignated as deputy com-
mander of the division, the position
which he held upon retiring.
His decorations and awards include
the American Defense Service Medal,
American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-
Pacific Campaign Medal, World War I"
Victory Medal, Army Forces Reserve;
Medal and two hourglass devises, Phil-
ippine Liberation Medal, Florida Dis-
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January 12, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
No, our country didn't begin with quitters
and get where it is today by quitting. So we
owe it to those who struggled before us to
keep this country strong-and free. We can
only do this by keeping our education and
learning ability on top. That is why I will
.complete my education and stay in school.
ERNEST BESSETTE, PLAINFIELD HIGH, FIFTH
"Dropout? Not me. I intend to graduate
because * * * " I was 16 when I graduated
from the eighth grade. That was when I
realized that an education meant more to
me than anything else. In my family not
one has completed 8 years of grammar school
and 4 years of high. The reason why, was
that they had to quit to help support their
families. I feel that I have to finish school
for my parents. I already have a job at
16 working after school and on Saturdays.
But working after school doesn't affect my
studies.
It's my handicap that is stopping me. My
handicap is going into a class and sitting
down and really put my mind to work. If
I can overcome this problem, I feel I can go
through my 4 years of high and even
more. I feel that I am overcoming the prob-
lem very nicely. With this accomplishment
I know what I want and what I am going
to do. I now know I want to finish high
and I know now I am going to do It. With
the backing of my parents I will go ahead and
finish high.
KATHLEEN CHASE, KILLINGLT HIGH SCHOOL,
SIXTH
"Dropout? Not me. I intend to graduate
because * * *." I am of a low-income
family as my father and mother never had
the chance to even graduate from grammar
school.
My oldest brother was a dropout, but when
he entered into the service he took a spe-
cial course in order to graduate from high
school. My other brother stayed back once
and in later years received extra help, so he
graduated too.
I have stayed back in school twice but I
still have faith and trust in God that He
will help and guide me in trying to graduate.
Last year I stayed after school almost ev-
ery night for extra help and I just barely
made it in credits for the next year.
Since I'm the only girl in my family I feel
that it is my duty to try to the best of my
ability and to graduate from high school so
that my mother, father, friends, and rela-
tives might someday be proud of me, and
that I might have a good, clean job for my
reward after I have finished high school.
CHARLES G. HOFFMAN, ELLIS TECH, SEVENTH
because * * *." I work after school in a mill reliable enough. So the drawing was-left.--I (JJY Roscoe Drummond)
making about $1.30 an hour. This would or at Ellis remembered Tech. going The part to the first that open house WASHINGTON.-I.t is 13 years since the
fascinated me nightmare of the Korean war. And what did
might be the biggest pay if I drop out. I most was drafting. All those little lines and it all mean?
worked there now for almost 1 year. I work figures that were so intricate and detailed. Was it wasted strife or incalculable boon?
real hard really for nothing. I had a big And the idea of knowing that the person who What is the answer from South Korea today?
troublesome matter since I've been working. drew them had a heavy responsibility on his The answer is that the American people
I lost my finger. Sure I am not the only shoulders. So immediately I knew what I can be proud of what the United States did
one who did but if I would have graduated had to do-beg. Yes, beg, beg, and plead, for South Korea and has reason to be grate-
this might never had happened in my case. and ask please. I know I couldn't by all ful for what South Korea has done for itself.
Other people older than myself have no facts be admitted into Ellis Tech, but I had This is the record:
hands, fingers and in some cases legs. to try. With the help of a dozen other nations,
I am minus a finger, and minus a brain, Well it was this way. I remember being but primarily on its own, the United States
without a diploma, it will all stay the same. told in high school that I probably wouldn't turned back the aggression to the 38th
get past first base in trying to get it. But parallel which divided the two Koreas.
JOSEPH W. WOJCIK, ELLIS TECH SPECIAL AWARD is was the other way around. I was accepted Today, South Korea is secure, tranquil, and
(EDITOR'S NOTE.-This valued commentary under a trial basis. progressive.
could not be judged with the other contest Believe me, if you know what it is like It has a democratic government ruling by
entries because of its length.) to come to the surface when you're almost the consent of the governed.
I suppose you think I'm going to start dead out of breath in deep water, you prob- It is carrying forward significant social
this -letter off with the same old reasons, ably know how I felt and how relieved I was. reforms.
which are, better pay, more promising fu- It was like morning all over again. But, It is stable-so stable that, despite some
ture, self-satisfaction, and for better wants I couldn't get into drafting. My marks, demonstrations, it was able last year to es-
and needs of life. Well, I just did, and what weren't anywhere near good enough. But tablish diplomatic relations with its once
did it prove? Nothing that's what, absolute- I managed to squeeze myself in general con- hated enemy and occupier, Japan, which is
ly nothing. Now I'm going to tell how it struction trades. It was OK but I didn't love now providing it with $800 million in grants
really feels to drop out of high school. First It. To do something good you've got to love and loans over a 10-year period.
A83
of all, you feel very insecure, that is, you it and worship it, and I didn't feel that way
don't have a thing to turn to, anything that about GCT. Even though I tried my best,
is half decent anyway. Now then, I'm going still looking forward to what I really wanted,
to get very frank and down to earth on an drafting.
excellent example of why you shouldn't I found the school and teachers different,
leave high school, "Me," I'm the example, and every teacher seemed to care, or have a
I dropped out. I made the big mistake and personal part in what I did. I again was
most of all I asked for it and in a way I relieved. I made it through all the way. I
wanted to leave school. I actually was a passed all my subjects. I felt more intelli-
real down to earth troublemaker, and I've gent and more dignified. And held my head
got the 34 detentions to prove it. I might as up again, which was larger now because my
well be honest about the fact that I detested brain grew, and had added additions. Now,
every single day, hour, minute and second. I figured I could get into drafting. I knew
It seemed like all the teachers were against I had to be at the mercy of my superiors
me, and were just waiting for the chance once again. And as last time I pulled
to jump at my throat. I never did homework through. I am now in architectural draft-
or hardly ever studied, well I never did to be ing and I'm proud of it. I felt a little more
truthful. superior myself because of the fact that I
As time went on things began to change; did what many people told me I couldn't
that is, they got worse. Oh, pardon me for do. I still bawl my head off when I can't get.
giving you a let down. But it did get worse. a certain song or run on the sax, and cuss
I got to a point where I was actually scared a little when my 2-H lead breaks in the mid-
stiff of the place. I'd have a cold unwelcome die of an object line.
air of being unwanted and neglected. Things But who cares now, I'm half way up that
got so bad I even picked the habit of slang ladder of success. And take my word about
talk and I mean slang. At home I would dropping out of school, it isn't worth it at
fight with my folks and in a real sense a all. I came close to being a dropout all the
16-year-old brat or Frankenstein. way and when I think about it now it makes
When I knew I'd never make it through me shiver all over. So don't be foolish, stay
high school, I went to the guidance office to in school. I was lucky.
get infarmation on going to the Berklee
School of Jazz. I couldn't make it in there
because I didn't go far enough in school.
Well to be truthful again about the only
subject I could really pass was shop. Espe-
cially the mechanical drafting. I would get
A's and B's. One night at home I thought
about myself and that wasn't much to think
Korean Aid in Vietnam-An Earn d
Dividend I
about. I finally sorted out the things I EXTENSION OF REMARKS
could do well, play music and draw. Boy OF
when it came to music, we'll put it this way, OF NEW YORK
I'd blow that lousy, no good sax till I cried. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
And sometimes I'd just look at it and cry.
Not because I hated it, but because I loved Wednesday, January 12, 1966
it, it was the closest thing to me I had. Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, this week
Wanting to master that horn is one of the we witnessed aid bein
reasons I failed out of school. But I would g given South
not let nobody take it from me. It bedame Korea to the South Vietnamese e by the
my only chance to become somebody. I 17,000 troops committed to that country's
started to play in nightclubs, not at the age struggle against communism.
of 16 but 15. Some of them were all right Since their part in this fight for free-
but some were as holy as the devil himself. dom from Communist domination is lit-
All this kind of work brought me in front of tle known, I commend to the attention of
people I even towered over. This gave me our colleagues the following article by
the feeling that I still had class and brains, the distinguished columnist, Roscoe
and all that other important sort of stuff.
This made me put my thinking cap back on. Drummond. It appeared in the New
I thought my other natural talent, drawing. York Herald Tribune of January 10,
I found that I respected and appreciated a 1966:
single line as much as a 9/8 time on a sax. HERE Is THE RECORD: DIVIDENDS FROM KOREA
I also thought of the future and how secure NATION'S AID IN VIET WAR
T wanted f+ Th
I
-- . .
e
orn O
Approved For Release 2006/11/06: CIA-RDP67B00446R000400010015-0
 Approved For Release 2006/11/06: CIA-RDP67B00446R000400010015-0
A84 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --APPENDIX January 12, 19'66
South Korea is proving itself resourceful cate that the merger will be of great bene- time we've been able to get on the record
and increasingly self-reliant. It is making fit to the city of Baltimore as well as to what the Pennsylvania intends to do in Balti-
more. It sounds good."
steady economic progress and, while U.S. aid our great port, and his statements are Among the commitments made by
has been substantial, the South Koreans have reassuring to us. Saunders were:
been showing what self-help can really be. The articles are as follows: 1. The railroad has a backlog of projects
'Their gross national product has been risixs?;
at the rate of about 13 percent a year; Indus- [From the Baltimore (Md.) Sur:, Jan. 11, amounting to more than $17 million in store
79661 for Baltimore.
trial production is up 15 percent. 2. The board of directors has authorised
Clrievou .iy short oi' land to enable its peo- Mia. SAUNDERS EXPLAIN:, electrical coal to the
pie to be elf-sufficient in food, the govern- Stuart T. Saunders' statemen, in Balti- structural Bal and d electcoal pier which will per-'s m
ore ment of Chung Hee Park, by literally carving more yesterday was pretty much what the mit the handling of 100-ton capacity hopper
terraces out of mountains, is doubling its lawyers call a plea in confession and avoid- cars and enable it to handle a greater volume
arable land. ante. Yes, said the president of the Penn- of coal through Baltimore.
a
South Korean industry is making rapid Sylvania, Railroad, he did say the things in a 3. The Pennsylvania is working out
strides. Exports are up from $20 million in recent speech at Newcastle which seemed to mutually satisfactory arrangement for giv-
ing RukertsTerminal Corp. all the space it
19ti9 to $17o million today. threaten Baltimore railroads with ,scum
1Sitt this is only half of it. These are tial losses of ore and grain traffic. But he needs in Baltimore in order to continue to
of toe things South Korea has been misspoke the Pennsy position because he was develop business."
some
doing for itself. These are the ways South talking extemporaneously. In avoidance of 4. As the new high-speed railway along the
Korea has been, using its security from the impression thus created, he read from a eastern corridor between Washington and
aggression carefully prepared text to m;,ke several Boston is developed, the Pennsylvania. w!11
And now what is the other dividend be ints including these: invest about $25 million of its own money n
sides a free people secured from oppression? pot When he spoke at Newcastle of diverting upgrading right-of-way and high-level plat-
What is the earned dividend, which has not
freight from railroads, he really meant that farms in its Baltimore station.
been asked, but which is now so welcome railroads could divert freight from other 5. With the city's cooperation, the Penn-
and so helpful"? transport modes, having in rnincr? no doubt, sylvania is prepared to push studies inrme-
South Korea's dividend to the United water traffic on the St. Lawrence Seaway. diately on developing air rights and other
States is in South Vietnam today. 2. Shippers control shipping destinations property on the "good many acres" adjacent
Defended against Communist aggression in any case., and so select the railroads em- to the station which could be included in
by the United States, South Korea is today ployed. Those who prefer the port of Balti- Baltimore's "fine urban redevelopment; pro-
helpirig t;t,e United. States repel the Corn. more will designate railroads :serving that grain." on. munist asrg with uckinst South Vmedam port. 6. The Pennsylvania grain elevator will
just, wbe truck against
and medical 3. The examiners assigned b,, the Inter- continue to be operated as a public grain
Not
i%nd supplies with is,ooo batt lines support. state Commerce Commission to the Pennsy- elevator. The railroad has recently rejected
But with 15 gh rs trained raineroe for action r o in New York Central merger plea concluded the "several very attractive offers for sale Of
Korea freedom fighters
paddies where :in merger will benefit Baltimore. The prosper- lease" of its elevator.
the jungles and rice 0 the tive partners have no new plans. As of now, Saunders did not deny that he had made
tong are deadliest-plus 2 2,0,000 0 combal_at that is. the statements attributed to him regarding
engineers. 4. The ICC examiners specifically under- the traffic diversion from Baltimore. Mr.
Little n, is Korea, with a population other of wrote traffic agreements by which. the Pennsy Pressman described the hearing as "clearing
co million, is doing far more than any oc and the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie (New York the air."
country exec more the United States and is con- Central) will cooperate with the Western Mr. Pressman said afterward that although
ev n the mote United Stating men per capita than Maryland as a channel to Baltimore. (The he had not intended to make any statement,
o. Western Maryland has, however, already all of the testimonials in behalf of the pro-
even the the Government and
And why did the a make this da secured a reopening before the ICC of argu- posed merger of the Pennsylvania and the
the defeanent on one point in its relationship with New York Central indicated that it would be
meet of tocoh commit 17 000ke this tremendous
iirP i Soouutsth to com Vietnammit? 17,000 men to the defense the Pennsy and other reopenings in general beneficial to the port of Baltimore. He also
c
'ay Rnow from their own experience the would be Possible under the law.) noted that the tone of the hearing was "one-
crucial to defeat aggression re ssion un crucclial need in South 5. The Pennsylvania is planning new in- sided" in favor of the railroads.
Vietnam: -and are doing what they can to vestment in the port of Baltimore of some Saunders admitted that he had made the
$17 million and-announced for the first statements in New Castle, but attempted to
help. t ne-a Pennsy-Central merger could well ease the concern created by saying he had
-ost $11a new tunnel through Baltimore to Sino idea tuation!, when he went iscussin of
ost $7,5 million.
Railroads Are of Vital Importance to the Mr. Saunders did not expand .n any degree talk.
Economy on Baltimore's special geographical and in-
stitutional advantages as against the north-
ern ports. That is for Baltimoreans to do. Section 14(b) Analyzed
1+1