FAILURE TO HALT FREE WORLD SHIPPING TO VIETNAM
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Publication Date:
January 19, 1966
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 19, 1966
taxable income of the business enterprise.
whichever is the lesser.
My proposal is designed to give tax re-
lief primarily to the small business con-
cern. Despite some tax reductions which
were achieved by the Revenue Act of 1964,
still more action is required if many of
these small firms are going to be able
to continue operations. They are caught
in a cycle of spiraling costs which must
be paid for men and materials. In ad-
dition, high taxes and severe price com-
petition have further reduced their profit
margin, until today their very survival
is threatened.
Latest statistics published by the De-
partment of Commerce on industrial and
commercial failures tell us that more
than 1;000 of such enterprises are fail-
ing each month. At an annual rate,
this number exceeds 13,000.
If American `small business firms are
to survive, they must have adequate capi-
tal not only to replace old plant and
equipment, but also to take advantage of
the latest technological improvements
and cost-cutting devices. With signifi-
cant amounts of their capital tied up in
inventories and in credit extended, there
is little left over after taxes and other
expenses have been paid to plow back
into the business for replacement, mod-
ernization or expansion of facilities and
equipment.
The financial plight of the small busi-
nessman is further aggravated by the
fact that he must rely almost completely
on retained earnings as his primary
source of capital. He is not in a strong
enough financial position, as are his
larger competitors who are able to bor-
row large sums of money on a short-term
basis at favorable rates of interest. The
small, struggling businessman has al-
ready incurred too much debt, and is not
considered a good enough credit risk to
attract additional necessary capital from
outside sources.
I believe that the salutary effect which
enactment of this bill will have on small
business will indeed be reflected through-
out our entire American economy. Ex-
pansion of operations by the business
community will increase production,
create more jobs, and produce higher in-
comes and profits. I believe that even
the Federal Government will stand to
benefit over the long run, and any initial
loss in revenues which will accompany
enactment of this legislation will soon be
offset by higher tax revenues generated
by a more prosperous economy.
Thus small business firms would have
a greater chance to continue operations,
and the trend toward selling out or merg-
ing with their larger competitors and
toward increasing concentration of eco-
nomic power would be halted.
We in the Congress must do all that we
can to foster, encourage, and protect our
system of free, private, competitive en-
terprise. I, as a member of the House
Small Business Committee, ask my col-
leagues' support for H.R. 11899 which
will work toward this objective and which
will produce a stronger and more vigor-
ous American economy.
TIME FOR A HOUSECLEANING AT
THE OEO
(Mr. GURNEY (at the request of Mr.
MCDADE) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. GURNEY. Mr. Speaker, it is time
for us to do more than just talk about
the mess at the Office of Economic
Opportunity. ,
I am today introducing a resolution
to set the brooms in motion for a thor-
ough housecleaning in the poverty pro-
gram, by establishing a select investigat-
ing committee.
For the $2.3 billion it has already cost
them, the American people have a right
to expect more than this national dis-
grace shot through with waste, mis-
management, and shoddy jockeying for
political power No Government pro-
gram in recent memory has been so
wasteful of the taxpayers' money, with
so little benefit to those it was designed
to help.
It is not only the taxpayer that has
been sold a bill of goods, but the poverty
stricken who have seen their hopes for
help lost in the plush offices of highly
paid party men.
There is no need to catalog the
abuses-the newspapers have done this
very well nearly every day since the pro-
gram began.
But there is a need to do something
about them.
The resolution I am introducing estab-
lishes a select committee to conduct a
thorough and bipartisan investigation of
the structure and operations of the Eco-
nomic Opportunities Act of 1964. The
committee would consist of nine members
appointed by the Speaker of the House
and the minority leader.
It is modeled after the successful com-
mittee which cleaned up the abuses in
the administration of the cold war GI
bill after World War II.
This committee is the first of three
steps in obtaining a complete and im-
partial examination of the poverty war.
The other two should be an independent
audit of the use of the $2.3 billion which
we have appropriated for the poverty
war, and a management survey by a
first-class consultant firm.
The President said in his state of the
Union message a week ago tonight that
his administration would "ruthlessly at-
tack waste and inefficency" making sure
that "every dollar is spent with the
thrift and with the commonsense which
recognizes how hard the taxpayer
worked in order to earn it."
There is no better place to start in
attacking waste and inefficiency than
the poverty war.
FAILURE TO HALT FREE_ WORLD
SHIPPING TO ETNAM
(Mr. DICKINSON (athe regst of
Mr. McDADE) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. DICKINSON. Mr. Speaker, in re-
cent days I, and some of my Republican
colleagues, have voiced deepening con-
cern about the failure of this adminis-
tration to halt British and other free
world shipping to North Vietnam and
Cuba while participating fully in the
British-led blockade of Rhodesia.
The Nation's liberal press and the
press in my own district have taken up
the cudgels on this matter.
Mr. Speaker, I am sure that all of us
on both sides of the aisle here regret
continued free world shipping which
strengthens the Communist enemies at-
tacking our boys in Vietnam and the
British-led merchant fleet which had
carried hundreds of cargoes of oil,
wheat, and other necessities into Cuba
to strengthen that Communist spring-
board in this hemisphere. For my part,
I resent this.
The official figures show 7 to 15 Brit-
ish ships a month entered Haiphong
during much of 1965 and I am sad to
learn of the State Department's attempt
to play down these shipments, which are
both sizable and crucial. All such ship-
ping must be eliminated at once.
In this connection, under unanimous
consent, I introduce in the RECORD an
article from a recent issue of the New
York Herald Tribune and articles pub-
lished in the Luverne Journal and the
Troy Messenger in Alabama:
[From the New York Herald Tribune, Jan.
13, 1965]
WILSON TO WILSON
Prime Minister Wilson, addressing the
British Commonwealth conference in Lagos,
reported on the success of economic sanctions
being taken against Rhodesia. It is due, in
no small measure, to support from the United
States.
Another WILSON, this one a Republican
Congressman, and five Republican colleagues
reported in Washington at the same time on
the violations of our economic sanctions
against Communist North Vietnam. These
are due, in large measure, to Britain.
The British, with logic which in other cir-
cumstances might be regarded as amusing,
may argue that Rhodesia and North Vietnam
are not comparable. It is true, of course,
that one is in Africa and the other is not;
that one directly concerns Britain and the
other not nearly so much. ,
But is also true that there is such a thing
as reciprocity; of one ally, the beneficiary of
considerable help, helping another in turn.
There is, furthermore, a limit to American
patience; and that limit has been exceeded
in the case of British shipping both to North
Vietnam and to Cuba.
[From the Luverne (Ala.) Journal & News,
Dec. 20, 1985]
U.S. INTERFERENCE
The United States has joined England in
an oil embargo on southern Rhodesia. This
is a most peculiar action on the part of the
United States.
Maybe for England it is in order. Rhodesia
is declaring its indepence from Great Britain.
It seems no one would question British re-
taliation, even to the point of more serious
acts as an oil embargo.
But Rhodesia is not declaring indepen-
dence from the United States. In fact, this
Nation has been doing all it could in the last
several years creating an independence status
for African nations. Now they are scrapping
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January 19, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
hamlets and in the cities. In this spirit,
the villager and his local leaders and the
security forces can cooperate to build
expanding areas of progress and resist-
ance to Communist appeals and threats.
In this spirit, the people of the cities can
cooperate with their government in de-
voting their talents and efforts to
strengthening the nation against those
who would destroy or enslave it.
With our help the Government of Viet-
nam, in Saigon and in the countryside,
is struggling to carry out this construc-
tive effort. Without our assistance, the
entire effort would quickly fail.
The expanded scale of Communist ag-
gression and our countering military re-
sponse have added new dimensions to
the task of our Agency for International
Development in Vietnam. The funds
requested for economic assistance to
Vietnam are a small but vital part of our
contribution to winning the peace in
southeast Asia. I hope that the Congress
will act quickly on all phases of the sup-
plemental request.
On all of this I think there is absolutely
no choice. I am sure the Congress is
going to support that viewpoint and I
am confident that we will move as rapidly
as we properly can to appropriately pro-
vide the funds necessary for the job
ahead.
Mr. MAHON. I thank the gentleman
for his very timely remarks.
Mr. BATES. Mr. Speaker, I would like
to add my voice in support of this bill,
not only because I believe that the funds
are needed, but also because it is neces-
sary that America reaffirm her determi-
nation to fulfill the commitments she
has so solemnly made. For while we
wish peace and offer to southeast Asia
the blessings of prosperity and plenty
we must face up to the demands of this
war that is being waged against us.
The challenge must be met. Prompt
passage of this bill will enable us to con-
tinue to meet it. We have an obligation
to those whom we have committed, or
might commit, to combat, and we must
fulfill our obligation to them. The will
of our country is clear. Our vision of
the world has been a peaceful one
throughout our history. But our deter-
inination for justice, our desire that the
oppressed be helped, our willingness to
honor our word, all are also clear.
Appropriations amounting to $12,760,-
719,000 are required to achieve these
aims. The bulk of this request, $12,345,-
719,000, is needed to support operations
of our fighting forces. The remainder,
$415 million is sought for the Agency for
International Development, primarily for
its operations in Vietnam. These include
such items as commodity imports to com-
sat inflation, refugee relief, nonmilitary
construction such as port facilities and
rural development, among other eco-
nomic and political support for that hard
beset nation.
The Congress in the last 2 years has
repeatedly, by its authorizations and ap-
propriations, given continuing support
for the national decision to halt further
aggression in southeast Asia.
Mr. Speaker, I urge that this bill be
passed with a minimum of delay.
A TRIBUTE TO JOHN PAUL CULLEN,
FRIEND OF WISCONSIN VETERANS
(Mr. O'KONSKI (at the request of Mr.
MCDADE) was granted permission to ex--
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. O'KONSKI. Mr. Speaker, by
proclamation of the Governor, the State
of Wisconsin will observe Thursday, Jan-?
uary 20, 1966, as J. P. Cullen Day in
tribute to an outstanding public servant
and a true friend of all Wisconsin vet-
erans.
Tlie name of J. P. Cullen is familiar to
every veteran in the State of Wisconsin
who has received any type of Federal
benefit through the Veterans' Adminis-
tration. For more than 20 years, before
his retirement last month, J. P. Cullen
has been manager of the Veterans' Ad-
ministration regional office in Milwaukee.
A native of Janesville, Wis., he held
such varied jobs as newsboy in his home-
town, farmhand in the Dakotas, and wa-?
terboy and timekeeper on his father's
construction projects before attending
the University of Notre Dame Law
School. He took a Federal civil service
examination just before graduation in
1922 and shortly after this, he began his
distinguished 40-year career in the Fed-
erai, service.
Mr. Cullen has worked for the Vet-
erans' Bureau, or Veterans' Administea-
tion in Illinois, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan,
and California, and in the central office
in Washington, D.C. With a background
of claims work and contact service as
well as a job as legal consultant with the
Board of Veterans' Appeals in Wash-
ington, and as manager of the Chicago
VA area office, Mr. Cullen was eminent-
ly well qualified for the managership of
the Milwaukee regional office, a job he
assumed in 1945, at the time the regional
office was being separated from the Vet-
erans' Center at Wood.
'nder his leadership, the Milwaukee
VARO has received several national
honors, among them selection in 1960 of
its adjudication division as the best in
the country. Last year the loan guaran-
tee division was given an outstanding
rating as the leading division in the Mid-
west area, one of only four such honors
awarded regional loan guarantee divi-
sions.
Under the vocational rehabilitation
and education division, outstanding re-
lationships were enjoyed with business,
industry, and the colleges, universities,
and schools in Wisconsin, and the 2i.8,-
000 veterans and orphans who have been
educated or trained in our State.
iE[ighly rated also has been the legal
service, the contact service, and the med-
ical. and dental service-including a
mental hygiene clinic-in which 10,000
veterans are receiving treatment yearly.
A further indication of Mr. Cully: n's
leadership is the large number of grad-
uates of the regional office who have
moved up in the VA to positions of re-
sponsibility elsewhere.
.A World War I veteran, Mr. Culled is
a :member of the American Legion. He
is a member of the Ohio Bar and the
537
University of Notre Dame Law Alumni
Association. He is a charter member of
the Rock County Historical Societies, as
well as the Milwaukee Civil War Round
Table.
He has been keenly interested in mili-
tary and local history and is a member
of numerous historical societies and of
the Milwaukee Civil War Centennial
Group. While in Washington, Mr. Cul-
len attended George Washington Uni-
versity and completed his liberal arts
work for B.A. and M.A. degrees in litera-
ture. He has enjoyed creative writing
and in 1931, he published a book of short
stories and essays titled "Hello Wiscon-
sin."
The Wisconsin Department of Vet-
erans Affairs has enjoyed his warm
friendship and cooperation through the
years. Wisconsin's veterans have reason
to be proud of him as a native son and
fellow veterans and grateful to him for
his effectve and sympathetic administra-
tion of the VA program and benefits.
Mr. Cullen and his wife, Mary, live at
9035 Jackson Park Boulevard, Milwau-
kee, Wis. They have three children, two
of whom are in college and one in the
Navy.
A testimonial dinner honoring John
Paul Cullen upon his retirement, will be
held January 20, at the Milwaukee Elks
Club. In behalf of the thousands of Wis-
consin veterans and their dependents
who will be unable to attend this dinner,
I take this means to express their thanks
for a job well done. In my own behalf,
may I expressmy deep appreciation for
his unfailing cooperation, understanding
and assistance and extend best wishes
for many happy retirement years.
(Mr. BOW (at the request of Mr. Mc-
DADE) was granted permission to extend
his remarks at this point in the RECORD
and to include extraneous matter.)
[Mr. BOW'S remarks will appear here-
after in the Appendix.]
H.R. 11899-HORTON BILL FOR
SMALL BUSINESS TAX ADJUST-
MENT BENEFITS
(Mr. HORTON' (at the request of Mr.
MCDADE) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, it was
my pleasure to introduce H.R. 11899 on
the opening day of this session to pro-
vide a program of tax adjustment bene-
fits for small business firms.
My bill proposes to amend the Internal
Revenue Code of 1954 by allowing any
person, firm, or corporation engaged in
a trade or business a deduction for Fed-
eral income tax purposes for the addi-
tional investment made during a taxable
year for capital expenditures for plant,
equipment, trucks, and so forth, for in-
ventories, and for accounts receivable.
This measure imposes a limitation on
the amount which may be deducted dur-
ing any one year; no more than $30,000,
or an amount equal to 20 percent of the
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January 19, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE
Rhodesia, which is a complete turnabout in
that respect.
The United States in this strange action,
deciding with Britain because they claim
Rhodesia's Prime Minister, Ian Smith, is a
white supremacist. Rhodesia is the most
developed of all southern African nations.
White man's leadership has put it miles
ahead of other nations in that continent,
so it seems that in this respect at least there
is white supremacy in fact. But even so, it
is not understandable here what business it
is of the United States to be concerned, while
the Rhodesian Government declares its in-
depedence, practices segregation, advocates
white supremacy, or anything else they want
to do as long as they leave us alone.
To make this action even stranger, look
at the billions upon billions of dollars the
U.S. Government is spending fighting com-
munism. Most of the African nations are
pro-Communist, or are unable to determine
the difference between communism and
other idealists while at the same time Rho-
desia has taken a completely different
stand-they are anti-Communist.
Based on this, it seems the United States
should be supporting Rhodesia; thank her
for the help she is giving us in fighting com-
munism, and let her tend to her own in-
ternal affairs. Our Government's present
policy toward this nation is absolutely hypo-
critical.
[From the Troy (Ala.) Messenger, Dec. 12,
1965]
PUZZLING ACTIONS
It's strange indeed that we rushed to boy-
cott the Republic of South Rhodesia when so
requested by Great Britain but the British
are yet to respond affirmatively to pleas from
us that they stop doing business with Cas-
tro's Cuba and North Vietnam.
Hardly had the British suggested that we
cease trade with the Rhodesians before we
canceled sugar shipments then on the high
seas. Quicker response wasn't possible. On
the other hand, we've been waiting since
1963 for the British to honor a request that
they stop exports to Cuba. In fact, the situ-
ation is worse than that indicates. Where
exports were $6 million worth in 1963, last
year they had increased to $27 million. -
About half the ships taking materials and
supplies into the ports of North Vietnam are
British.
Great Britain, of course, isn't as concerned
as we are with events in Cuba and whether
missiles are launched from sites on that
island. Neither are the British as deeply
involved in Vietnam. Yet, what happens in
either of these hot spots could ultimately
affect the British. On the other hand, what
happens between the Rhodesians and British
is an internal matter and strictly none of our
business.
This attitude toward Britain is puzzling,
especially when one considers the fact the
Rhodesians aren't shooting at us but the
North Vietnamese are. But there are so
many things to be puzzled over these days.
For instance, there is the matter of recon-
ciling the no-win policy in Vietnam with
this message that the late Gen. Douglas Mac-
Arthur gave West Point cadets in 1962: "All
through this welter of change and develop-
ment, your mission remains fixed, deter-
mined, inviolable-it is to win our wars."
Ronald Reagan brought this up to date a
few weeks ago when, in a speech in San
Diego, Calif., he said: "If your sons are asked
to fight and die for their country, they
should be allowed to win."
RESOLUTION TO CREATE A SELECT
COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE
THE OPERATION OF THE ECO-
NOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT
(Mr. AYRES (at the request of Mr.
McDADE) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. AYRES. Mr. Speaker, I send to
the desk, for appropriate referral, a res-
olution to create a select committee of
the House, composed of nine Members
appointed by the Speaker, to investigate
all phases of the operation of the Eco-
nomic Opportunity Act. It is my sin-
cere hope that this resolution will have
overwhelming bipartisan support.
This resolution is not intended to im-
pede the war on poverty, but to help it.
It is not offered as a political gesture,
but as a commonsense step we can all
support.
Fifteen years ago the GI bill of rights,
one of the greatest and most productive
pieces of legislation ever enacted by the
Congress, was in deep trouble. Thou-
sands of our veterans were being victim-
ized by fly-by-night schools and train-
ing facilities and by mismanaged and
incompetent training programs. The
administration of the act by the Vet-
erans' Administration also appeared to
many to be loose and disorganized. This
House moved quickly to discharge its
obvious responsibility to America's serv-
ice men and women. A select com-
mittee was authorized, and our distin-
guished colleague from Texas [Mr.
TEAGUE] was named chairman. During
1950 and 1951 the Teague committee
investigated every aspect of the opera-
tion of the GI bill, including a thorough
examination of the organization of the
Veterans' Administration, with out-
standing results. That select committee
produced lasting benefits, which we ap-
preciate all the more as we move toward
consideration of a cold war GI bill.
My resolution calls for the same ap-
proach to the war on poverty that this
House successfully adopted to clean up
abuses and mismanagement in the GI
bill.
Mr. Speaker, the war on poverty is
in deep trouble. It is mired down in con-
troversy, politics, rumors of scandal, and
inept administration. It is tangled up
in an administrative jungle of over-
lapping responsibilities and duplication
of effort. It is under divided and con-
flicting investigation by two committees
of the House, each of which is overbur-
dened with other responsibilities. Near-
ly $21/2 billion have been appropriated to
fight this domestic war with precious lit-
tle tangible evidence that many poor peo-
ple have been helped.
Vice President HUMPHREY recently
stated that the war on poverty should be
stepped up by appropriating even more
money. A thorough investigation by
Congress would do more to improve this
program than all the billions we could
appropriate. Any sensible person wants
to know what he is getting for his money
before he spends it.
President Johnson asked whether the
Congress, in considering the conflicting
needs of domestic programs and foreign
conflicts, would sacrifice the poor. My
answer is that the poor are being sacri-
ficed by a mismanaged war on poverty
which arouses hopes and expectations it
cannot fulfill. The poor are being made
the victims of the war on poverty as it
is now waged. We have a clear respon-
sibility to assure that the faults and
539
abuses of the war on poverty are cor-
rected. We have an inescapable obliga-
tion to make certain that there is an ef-
fective, intelligent, and coordinated Fed-
eral effort to help people escape from pov-
erty.
The President has himself voiced sim-
ilar concerns, most recently in his state
of the Union message. His long-delayed
action to limit the Director of the Office
of Economic Oppotunity to one job is a
step in the right direction. I hope he
will support this resolution as a neces-
sary step toward putting the war on pov-
erty on the right track. But the Con-
gress has its awn responsibilities as the
legislative branch of Government, and a
thorough, objective and bipartisan exam-
ination of the war on poverty is urgent-
ly needed to carry out our responsibility.
(Mr. WIDNALL (at the request of Mr.
McDADE) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. WIDNALL'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
IMPROVING POSTAL SERVICE AT
EXPENSE OF RURAL AMERICA
(Mr. LANGEN asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. LANGEN. Mr. Speaker, in sug-
gestions for needed improvements in the
U.S. postal service, why has rural
America again been bypassed? This
is the question I have posed to the
President and the Postmaster General in
a letter and is prompted by the Presi-
dent's endorsement of the Postmaster
General's recommendations to restore
some of the postal services that were cur-
tailed in 6,000 cities during 1964 and
1965. Congress will be asked to provide
the necessary funds to restore the service
and study other improvements.
The Post Office Department should ex-
plore all the techniques available to mod-
ernize our postal service and to make
certain that they are being used to pro-
vide the American people with the best
postal system in the world at the lowest
possible cost to the taxpayer. However,
it is inconceivable that Congress should
be asked to improve the postal services
for Only those who live in cities with a
population of over 3,000. This is another
direct slap at small towns and other
rural areas where postal services have
been curtailed to a critical level. Mr.
Speaker, are these second-class citizens?
Many of us have labored diligently in
an effort to restore needed postal services
in the Nation and we welcome any and
all improvements. However, these latest
announcements by the Postmaster Gen-
eral and the President are indicative of
the attitude the administration displays
toward rural areas. It all sounds big in -
the headlines, but rural America again
finds itself shortchanged when you read
the fine print.
TELEVISION EQUIPMENT FOR
~,! VIETNA 1`
The SPEAKER. Under previous
order of the House, the gentleman from
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE Januarys 19, 1966
Michigan [Mr. CHAMBERLAIN] is recog-
nized for 15 minutes.
Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. Mr. Speaker,
this past Monday, January 17, an air-
craft left Washington for Vietnam heav-
ily loaded, not with bombs, but with
television equipment. This opened a
now chapter in a story which began for
me last summer while I was in Saigon.
After talking with a number of officials
I discovered that the question of intro-
ducing television there had been consid-
ered for some time and was a subject of
some controversy. Upon my return to
Washington I made inquiries as to the
status of. this project.
I addressed a letter to the U.S. Infor-
mation Agency last June asking for a
comprehensive report outlining back-
ground studies already made, the esti-
mated cost and the arguments both for
and against establishing television in
South Vietnam. Members of this body
may recall the difficulty that was exper-
ienced in obtaining adequate informa-
tion. At length through the good offices
and interest of several distinguished
Members of the House the reports were
made available. They indicated to me
that the project had definite merit.
Consequently just prior to his return
to his post as Ambassador in Saigon a
group of House Members consisting of
the gentleman from Louisiana [Mr.
PASSMANI, chairman of the Appropria-
tions Subcommittee on Foreign Opera-
tions; the gentleman from New York
[Mr. PIR:EI: the gentleman from Mis-
souri [Ml-. IcHoRD ]; the gentleman from
Indiana IMr. BRAY]; and myself, met
with Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge to
discuss this proposal. On August 24 the
Ambassador informed us that the U.S.
Mission Council had approved television
for Vietnam. Last month I was in-
formed by officials of the U.S. Informa-
tion Agency in Saigon and here in Wash-
ington that broadcasts would begin on
January 21, 1966.
Having placed in Ambassador Lodge's
hands a brochure outlining the airborne
educational television program which
serves six Midwestern States, and with
which Michigan State University is affil-
iated, I was particularly interested to
learn that in the initial phases the tele-
vision broadcasts will be transmitted
from aircraft with the capability of orig-
inating or relaying, from the ground or
satellite, two channel television broad-
casts, and in addition are able to handle
AM, FM, and short wave radio trans-
missions. Converted Lockheed constel-
lations, these aircraft are a marvel of
ingenuity as I personally discovered
when I visited the naval air facility at
Andrews Air Force Base that week where
they were being outfiitted.
Under the direction of Capt. George
Dixon, crews have labored hard and long
on an exceedingly modest budget to get
these planes ready in the shortest possi-
ble time. I was pleased to note that the
Washington Daily News on Tuesday,
January 18 carried a story entitled,
"Project Jenny Is Run on Captain
Dixon's Shoestring," which tells some-
thing of the resourcefulness and dedica-
tion which have made this program
possible. I insert this article immediately
following my remarks. The extraordi-
nary efforts of these men are to be com-
mended and I know that the best possible
reward they could receive is the satisfac-
tion that what they have done may well
contribute to saving the lives of Ameri-
cans and Vietnamese.
According to information provided me
by the USIA, these airborne transmitters
will be used until ground facilities are
constructed. After the Saigon ground
installations are completed and broad-
casts commence from these studios, the
aircraft will continue to operate in other
areas of South Vietnam. After engineer-
ing surveys have been completed, facility
locations chosen, and studios become op-
erational, it is anticipated that the air-
borne studios no longer will be required.
In the early stages the Vietnamese will
program approximately 1 hour a day on
VHF channel 11. The United States will
assist the Vietnamese in training produc-
tion and technical personnel and, as
programing materials become more
abundant and facilities are developed the
broadcast period will increase accord-
ingly. It is hoped that by the end of
1966, eight transmitters and one relay
station will be operational and reaching
80 to 90 percent of the population. The
total cost is estimated to be $1.4 million.
Some may have wondered when they
heard the first announcement of televi-
sion for Vietnam, "'Why should people be
watching free television when there is a
war being fought?" But strange as it
may first appear the fact is many believe
that in a country where there is no de-
pendable means to quickly and accu-
rately inform the people, and where the
struggle is essentially one for the minds
of men, that the development of televi-
sion offers a great opportunity to combat
Vietcong propaganda and to rally the
war-weary South Vietnamese people to
resist communism.
To those who might question the ex-
pense of distributing free television sets
I would like to point out first of all that
I have been informed that this program
can be implemented without any new
appropriations being required; that
enough money can be found in existing
funds. Secondly, I believe we would do
well to compare its cost against the
amount of money we are presently pour-
ing into the purely military aspects of the
situation. For example, basic equipment
for one soldier amounts to $454. His M-
14 rifle costs an additional $127. To
maintain each soldier overseas for 1 year
requires almost $8,000. If we multiply
these figures times the 167,000 men we
have sent to South Vietnam in 1965 we
get an idea of the staggering size of our
military commitment; and yet there is
still no indication that we are on the way
to -winning the conflict.
It is clear that to do so we simply have
to reach the Vietnamese people not with
guru but with words and ideas. A story
in the New York Times of Tuesday, Jan-
uary 18, tells of mass pamphlet bombings
presently underway in South Vietnam
which by itself is estimated to cost more
than $250,000. In these terms television
strikes me as being a substantial bargain
to say nothing of its potential for inform-
ing public opinion and promoting educa-
tion.
Certainly when we can Install a televi-
sion network, as well as give away the
sets, for less than the cost of one load of
bombs for our B-52's, I believe we have
been failing to use a potent weapon that,
without bloodshed, will help to defeat the
Vietcong.
The article referred to above follows:
[From the Washington (D.C.) Daily News,
Jan. 18, 1966]
A GENIUS BEHIND AIRBORNE TV: PRojEcr
JENNY I8 RUN ON CAPTAIN DIXON'S SliOE-
STRING
(By Julian Morrison)
In an age of staggering military budgets--
all too often followed by General Accounting
Office reports of rampant waste-Capt.
George C. Dixon is a paradox.
TTe is possibly the world's champion
scrounger.
He certainly is an inventive genius, which
keeps him stone broke and drives him to
military junk piles and the ancient GI prac-
tice of "midnight requisition" to complete his
projects.
Captain Dixon's boundless energy and a
dream have given the United States a unique
airborne communications system with al-
most endless possibilities--a little-known
Navy program called Project Jenny.
REVAMPED CONNIES
Ho has torn the insides out of three old
Super Constellations and made of them mod-
ern television and radio stations that can
transmit sounds and pictures on any of the
world's usually incompatible TV systems--
Communists as well as free world.
(Since most nations use different combina-
tions of Scan rate and power supply, plus dis-
tinctive video and sound frequencies, re?-
ceivers of one country cannot use signals
transmitted in another.)
Captain Dixon's planes have superpower-
ful transmitters and receivers capable of ad-
justment for whatever signal needed.
INSTANT LANGUAGE
Each contains a studio where translators--
for instance-can instantly convert programs
into the language of any nation.
The latest television plane left Andrews
Air Force Base yesterday, bound for South
Vietnam, its transmitting equipment still be-
ing installed en route because of a sudden
political decision to set up a TV propaganda
network for that country.
Until that decision was made last month,
the progress of Captain Dixon and his men
was limited largely to what surplus equip-
ment could be gleaned from the scrap pile
or from "friends" among supply oiricers who
could be conned out of equipment.
"If you've got it, and he finds or :t about it,
he can get it away from you," a Dixon ad..
mirer says.
ON THE SPOT
Last Friday, in a half hour, the tireless
Captain Dixon-who began his Navy career
as apprentice seaman 27 years ago--located.
two essential pieces of equipment by tele-
phone.
From an officer at the Bethesda Naval
Hospital he obtained a key camera Iola
which he matched up with a borrowed movie
projector part he heard was available at the
Naval Photographic Center.
Without these, the Vietnam television net-
work would not have been on the ;air on tLe
"mandatory" Friday deadline date set by
U.S. Government.
What he couldn't borrow for his project
he bought--from such unorthodox military
sources as Sears, Roebuck (hoist motors)
and a Super Giant grocery store (a bicycle
hub cap ornament he converted into a device
to get rid of static electricity).
em~engnl~w~piligsrmf~ll~eiMn,nm~rnay~pgli ~~y~+L 7"Y"*C"T"CC:Y'1"'"47.7"C'C'l~`T'T[TI"!4C'V"Ttl4C!' ?m~mu!n~u~m
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 541
The crash nature of this propaganda net-
work resulted in a sudden shower of Defense
Department money for the threadbare proj-
ect.
But Captain Dixon has no such assurance
of funds for his next dream-an ambitious,
far-ranging plan to take radio and television
equipment the experts say can't be modified
and turn a plane into a flying eye for
Pentagon-bound strategists.
"I want to put a camera in the belly of
this airplane, pointing forward, and another
with an infrared lens, and modify the trans-
mitters so they'll be compatible with a
satellite," Captain Dixon said.
SUB SPOTTER
Then he waved his hand toward the At-
lantic where Russian nuclear submarines are
known to prowl, detectable by infrared
devices.
"I can take that airplane out there where
things are going on and I can scramble the
pictures-encode them-and bounce them
off a satellite right back to the President's
desk.
It would take money, he admits and there
are many similar projects with influential
backers pushing them through the Pentagon
corridors.
(Mr. MULTER (at the request of Mr.
FARNUM) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
[Mr. MULTER'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
INCREASE IN THE INTEREST ON
SAVINGS BONDS
(Mr. FASCELL (at the request of Mr.
FARNUM) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, the Hon-
orable Henry H. Fowler, Secretary of the
Treasury, yesterday addressed the New
York State Industrial Payroll Savings
Committee in New York City concerning
the U.S. savings bonds program.
In the course of his address Secretary
Fowler read a letter which he had just.
received from President Johnson in
which the President pointed out that the
country again is at a point where rates
available on a variety of alternative
forms of savings have moved above the
rate now paid on savings bonds. The
bonds themselves, hiawever, maintain
their position in the national economy
of being vital to the success of Federal
debt management and in averting infla-
tion. The President, therefore, directed
the Secretary to set in motion the ma-
chinery which is necessary for raising
the interest rate on these bonds at the
earliest feasible date.
As chairman of the Legal and Mone-
tary Affairs Subcommittee of the House
Committee on Government Operations,
I have been interested in the U.S. savings
bonds program. From exchanges of cor-
respondence with Secretary Fowler and
other officials of the Treasury Depart-
ment I had been assured that the matter
of changing the return rate on savings
bonds was one which the Treasury De-
partment kept under constant scrutiny.
The President has shown his concern for
the financial well-being of the country
and the small investor who purchases
series E-bonds, often from no other mo-
tives than pure patriotism, and because
his cauntrj has asked him to invest his
surplu,; funds in its obligations.
I believe his letter should be given wide
circulation, and I am therefore taking
the liberty of inserting it in the RECORD:
DEAR MR. SECRETARY: Over the years, one
of the strongest links between this Govern-
ment and its citizenry has been the U.S.
savings bonds program. Born in the critical
days before our entry into the Second World
War, this program has been, for the Govern-
ment, a vital source of noninflationary fi-
nancing for needed Government programs.
For the public, it has provided a matchless
means for accumulating savings with ab-
solute safety, and with an attractive rate of
return.
A successful savings bonds program is of
particular urgency at this time-facing as we
do a firm commitment to the defense of free-
dom in Vietnam and a strongly rising econ-
omy at home. We must not, and will not,
at this juncture, permit our strength to be
sapped by inflation.
Today, above all, is a time for all Ameri-
cans to rededicate themselves to the spirit
that animated the Minutemen of Concord-
who serve as the symbol of the savings bonds
program. For today, as at the founding of
our Nation, it is freedom which is at stake.
Not all of us are called upon to fight in the
jungles of Vietnam-but while our men are
there in the frontlines of a distant land,
none of us can remain aloof on the sidelines.
We must all do our share-in every way we
can-to support our men in Vietnam. One
sure way is open to all Americans through
the savings bonds program.
On several occasions during the postwar
period it has been necessary to improve the
rate of return on savings bonds in view of the
higher rates available to many savers in vari-
ous private savings accounts. The last
change wat made in 1959. To have failed to
make those adjustments would have been a
disservice both to the Government and to
the public at large-risking inflationary dan-
gers, complicating the task of managing our
Government finances, and depriving millions
of small savers of a reasonable rate of return
on their funds entrusted to the Government.
We are again at a point where rates avail-
able on a variety of alternative forms of sav-
ings have moved above the rate now paid on
U.S. savings bonds. At the same time, we are
at a point where maximum savings are vital
to our national welfare-indeed, to our na-
tional future. Another increase in rate on
those bonds is now timely.
In order to sustain and enlarge the vital
role of the savings bonds program, I, there-
fore, direct you to set in motion the necessary
machinery for raising the interest rate on
these bonds as of the earliest feasible date.
Please submit to me as soon as possible your
specific recommendations.
As in past rate changes, I would like you
to make appropriate rate adjustments on
outstanding savings bonds as well, so that no
current bondholder need cash in his current
holdings in order to gain the advantage of
the attractive new rate, and no prospective
buyer need feel that he should delay his
purchase to await the higher rate.
Sincerely,
LYNDON B. JOHNSON,
(Mr. FASCELL (at the request of Mr.
FARNUM) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. FASCELL'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
THE VIETNAM GI BILL-A DEBT WE
OWE OUR FIGHTING MEN
(Mr. WOLFF (at the request of Mr.
FARNUM) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, today I
am introducing a bill similar to that in-
troduced to this distinguished body by
my colleague the gentleman from Texas
[Mr. TEAGUE] last week, which would
extend to veterans of the Vietnam con-
flict educational benefits comparable to
the World War 11 and Korean GI bills.
There are presently upward of 200,000
young Americans serving in the mud and
heat of Vietnam, daily risking their lives
to bring peace and freedom in southeast
Asia.
They are veterans of the age-old strug-
gle against totalitarianism just as fully
as were our young men of 20 years ago
who returned victorious over facism, or
our men of 10 years ago who returned
from Korea. Some will not return from
Vietnam.
I believe our Vietnam veterans deserve
the same benefits as the veterans of other
wars, and that is why I am joining other
colleagues in introducing this legislation.
Mr. Speaker, an ample education, com-
mensurate with an individual's ability,
is a basic requirement for success in the
increasingly complex and technical busi-
ness life of our society. We ask our
young men to interrupt their lives at a
time when getting an education is one
of their most pressing concerns. In
many cases, deferring further schooling
in their early twenties means it will never
be resumed because of financial and
family considerations. Should our vet-
erans, and succeeding generations, be
penalized for their country's interests?
This legislation would provide up to $130
per month for a period of 36 months to
help veterans who have served in areas
of special hazard, such as Vietnam, to
meet the costs of either further educa-
tion or vocational rehabilitation.
I believe we in Congress must meet our
responsibilities to our returning veterans
as earlier Congresses have done. The
Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act
is a partial payment of principle to those
who risk their lives in our interests,
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS - THE
FATHER OF THE WESTERN WORLD
(Mr. WOLFF (at the request of Mr.
FARNUM) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, the pro-
posal that Columbus Day, October 12, be
made a legal holiday throughout the
United States has often been brought
before this distinguished body. I believe
the reasons why the anniversary of the
birthday of the great discoverer of the
Western World should be made a nation-
al holiday are just as compelling today
as ever.
In an era when man has learned to
circle the Earth in space and is already
reaching for the Moon, the voyage of
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 19, 1966
the intrepid Genoan explorer into the
unknown, in defiance of the conventional
wisdom of the times, surely ranks with
space exploration for sheer audacity and
courage. Columbus did not have a mas-
sive government agency behind him--
only the support of the monarch of
Spain and three tiny ships. Yet he
opened the Western World to the forces
of civilization, and helped dispel the
fear and ignorance then gripping the
known world. Thus, a brave Italian,
backed by a farsighted Spanish Queen,
discovered the New World for all other
peoples to settle and develop into full
partnership with Europe and the East.
The voyage of Christopher Columbus
opened the New World to the forces of
civilization, began an unparalleled
period of exploration for which he de-
serves a place in the very forefront of
man's great march toward knowledge of
his world.
Columbus made it possible for the
United States of America to develop into
a nation made great by ethnic strands of
many peoples. For these compelling
reasons, for what this man means to
America, and to honor one of the truly
great men of history, I urge that Oc-
tober 12, Columbus Day, be made a legal
holiday throughout our Nation.
UKRAINIAN INDEPENDENCE
(Mr. ROONEY of New York (at the re-
quest of Mr. FARNUM) was granted per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. ROONEY of New York. Mr.
Speaker, this month marks the 48th an-
niversary of the independence of the
Ukraine. On January 22, 1918, the
Ukraine---the largest non-Russian nation
in Eastern Europe--declared its freedom,
'and set up a free, democratic state.
The freedom unfortunately was to be
short lived, however, as the new Commu-
nist government, supposedly born in the
name of freedom, quickly demonstrated
its true rapacious nature.
The bayonet and truncheon became
the law of the land in the Ukraine as
the Communist bosses sought to eradi-
cate the idea of freedom from the
Ukrainian mind. Murder became com-
monplace, farms and villages were
burned and Ukrainians by the hundreds
of thousands were herded like cattle into
boxcars and shipped off to the barren
wastes of Siberia. Many never made it.
In the end collectivism was forced upon
the Ukraine. But the idea of freedom is
a hard thing to wipe out, as dictators over
the centuries have learned to their sor-
row.
The 45 million people living in the
Ukraine today still harbor the hope of
freedom. The Ukrainians in this coun-
try and around the free world still fight
for it and we join them in that fight.
The Iron Curtain is not something new,
nor is the slave state something new.
We have only to look back to the very
birth of communism to find such things
being established as a matter of policy.
We very often are inclined to think of
the captive nation as something that
came into being with the onset of World
War H. The idea, unfortunately, is as
old as communism itself.
Mr. Speaker, I pray along with mil-
lions of other Americans that freedom
someday will be restored to the people of
the Ukraine. In this anniversary month
I think it would behoove all of us to look
at the history of the Ukraine and the
other captive states in order not to be
misled into forgetting the true nature of
cornrnunism.
TOWARD A HEALTHIER
ENVIRONMENT
(Mr. FOGARTY (at the request of
Mr. FARNUM) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at ths point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. FOGARTY. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks I include
an address which I delivered at the
White House Conference on Health in
Washington, D.C., on November 4, 1965:
ToWARa A HEALTHIER ENVIRONMENT
(By Hon. JOHN E. FOGARTY, Member of the
Congress from Rhode Island)
The distinguished audience here today, as
well as the occasion for the meeting, makes
this a very special pleasure for me.
You have heard yesterday and today a
review of some of the accomplishments of
our legislative branch in the field of health
during the recent session of Congress and
in the past decade. I am proud also to have
participated in the remarkable progress we
have made in recent years. And I take it
as a direct tribute to those accomplishments
that the Chief Executive has called together
this gathering of the Nation's leaders in the
held of health to review that progress and
bring forth its best thinking on how we can
consolidate these gains and move ahead to
new goals.
I hope very much that you, the delegates
to this conference, will indeed exert your
best efforts to bring out the most knowl-
edgeable judgments and the most Imagina-
tive new ideas you have; they will be
valuable to the President, to our outstand-
ing new Secretary and to our fine young
Surgeon General as well as to the Congress.
In the need for broad and imaginative
thinking, I am especially glad that in your
panel discussions on the area of health pro-
tection, you are going to have the opportu-
nity to look at this problem from the widest
possible spectrum-ranging from water pol-
lution to family planning.
Moreover, there is a connecting thread be-
tween all of our many and diverse efforts to
protect the health of our people-and it is
that there exists an interrelatedness and
interdependence between every one of them.
None of us lives in a world of just auto
exhaust, or just polluted water, or just pest-
icide residues in our food. We live, instead,
in a total environment where we eat,
breathe, work, play and remain in constant
contact with an atmosphere that endlessly
mixes and changes and presents to us the
suns of every contaminant that is put Into it.
To put it in another light, one of our
national leaders in mental health has said,
"If there is a single theme that runs
throughout research in mental health, it is
the essential unit of man's nature: an abso-
lute composite of biological, psychological,
social and cultural factors of human
behavior."
A good example of the problems we have
ahead in this broad area of health protection
is the group of activities we usually lump
together under the term "environmental
health." Although all of the problems listed
in your program for this morning are im-
portant, in my opinion non is more urgent
and more complex-and in this field of en-
vironmental health we are, in the words of
a distinguished expert committee, at least
10 years behind.
In many of the areas of accomplishment
that Senator HILL described for you, we have
in effect made the big breakthrough. We
have done a good part of the research, we
have achieved legislation necessary to pat
much of our new knowledge to work, and now
the job ahead is to do it-even though we
have many miles to go and many barriers to
overcome.
In environmental health we are not even
close to the big breakthrough because we
have only just begun to clearly understand
what research is necessary for the attack.
We have had to admit to ourselves that
during recent history we were so intent on
the pressing immediate needs that we neg-
lected to give serious attention to the long-
range problems of what the people of this
Nation were doing to their own environment.
There has certainly been no lack of real-
ization that we are a different nation from
30 years ago. The memory of the depression
sharpens our appreciation of how the explo-
sion of scientific knowledge and technology
that began. during World War II has show-
ered us with benefits; consumer goods of
every kind. to make our lives more com-
fortable and enjoyable; medical progress to
lengthen our life span and give us better
health to enjoy the good life.
Equally well known to us are the figures
showing how our population-exploding al-
most as fast as scientific knowledge-is
ceaselessly migrating to live in the cities
where the benefits of the good life allegedly
are most attainable. And every sign avail-
able to us indicates that all of these trends
will continue.
Neither has there been failure to a;ppre-
ciate-at least among knowledgeable peo-
ple--the possibility that there might be un-
toward effects of these changes in our na-
tional life. It is not a news item to us that
smoke, soot and noxious fumes billow forth
from factories, apartment buildings, auto-
mobiles, and from burning garbage dumps in
almost every city big enough to deserve the
name. In New York City, some 60 tons of
soot settles on every square mile in every
month-damaging plant life, blackening
buildings, and doing we know not what to
the health of its citizens, mental as well as.
physical.
We have heard often enough the single
shocking statistic that every major waterway
in the Nation Is now polluted-many almost
to the point of uselessness.
There has been no secret about the fact
that strong new chemical pesticides--not
even invented until World War II-were
being put into our environment to the tune
of 900 million pounds per year.
These individual problems have com-
manded a good deal of attention and :have,
In fact, generated real national concern.
But our concern with these separate, and
urgent, aspects of environmental change has
diverted us from the most fundamental
question of all; that is, what is the total
combined effect upon man of all these
changes? Only during the past 5 years has
discussion of environmental health begun
to bring this larger question into clear focus.
In 1960, following completion of our ap-
propriations bill, my subcommittee held a
set of special hearings on environmental
health. We received oral and written test-
mony outlining the considered opinions of
more than two dozen experts in the field;
25,000 copies of the transcript of the hear-
ings were distributed to health leaders of the
Nation. The importance of the environment
as a whole was repeatedly emphasized.
Since that time, at least three expert com-
mittees have made extensive studies which
have contributed greatly to our understand-
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January 19, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
tees or subcommittees to work in conjunc-
tion with and utilize their staffs, as it shall
be deemed necessary and appropriate in the
judgment of the chairman of the committee
or subcommittee: Provided further, That,
the minority is authorized to select one per-
son for appointment and the person selected
shall be appointed and his compensation
shall be so fixed that his gross rate shall not
be less by more than $2,200 than the highest
gross rate paid to any other employee.
(b) For the purpose of this resolution the
committee, or any duly authorized subcom-
mittee thereof, or its chairman, or any other
member of the committee or subcommittee
designated by the chairman, from February 1,
1966, to January 31, 1967, inclusive, is au-
thorized, in its or his or their discretion, as
may be deemed advisable, to require by sub-
pena or otherwise the attendance of such wit-
nesses and production of such correspond-
ence, books, papers, and documents.
SEC. 6. Expenses of Vie committee under
this resolution, which shall not exceed $435,-
000, shall be paid from the contingent fund
of the Senate upon vouchers approved by the
chairman of the committee.
TO PROVIDE FUNDS TO STUDY AND
EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF LAWS
PERTAINING TO PROPOSED RE-
ORGANIZATIONS IN THE EXECU-
TIVE BRANCH OF THE GOVERN-
MENT-REPORT OF A COMMITTEE
Mr. RIBICOFF, from the Committee
on Government Operations, reported the
following original resolution (S. Res.
186) ; which was referred to the Commit-
tee on Rules and Administration:
S. RES. 186
Resolved, That the Committee on Govern-
ment Operations, or any duly authorized
subcommittee thereof, is authorized under
sections 134(a)\ and 136 of the Legislative
Reorganization Act of 1946, as amended, and
in accordance with its jurisdiction specified
by rule XXV of the Standing Rules of the
Senate, to make a full and complete study
for the purpose of evaluating the effects of
laws enacted to reorganize the executive
branch of the Government, and to consider
reorganizations proposed therein.
SEC. 2. For the purposes of. this resolution
the committee, from February 1, 1966,
through January 31, 1967, is authorized (1)
to make such expenditures as it deems ad-
visable; (2) to employ upon a temporary
basis technical, clerical, and other assistants
and consultants: Provided, That the minority
is authorized at its discretion to Select one
person for appointment, and the person so
selected shall be appointed and his Com-
pensation shall be so fixed that his gross
rate shall not be less by more than $2,200
than the highest gross rate paid to any other
employee; and (3) with the prior consent of
the heads of the departments or agencies
concerned, and the Committee on Rules and
Administration, to utilize the reimbursable
services, information, facilities, and person-
nel of any of the departments or agencies
of the Government.
SEC. 3. The committee shall report its find-
ings upon the study and investigation au-
thorized by this resolution, together with
its recommendations for such legislation as
it deems advisable, to the Senate at the
earliest practicable date, but not later than
January 31, 1967.
SEC. 4. Expenses of the committee, under
this resolution, which shall not exceed
$120,000, shall be paid from the contingent
fund of the Senate upon vouchers approved
by the chairman of the committee.
TO PROVIDE ADDITIONAL FUNDS
FOR COMMITTEE ON AERONAUTI-
CAL AND SPACE SCIENCES-RE-
PORT OF A COMMITTEE
Mr. ANDERSON, from the Committee
on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, re-
ported the following original resolution
(S. Res. 187) ; which was referred to the
Committee on Rules and Administration:
S. RES. 187
Resolved, That the Committee on Aero-
nautical and Space Sciences, or any duly
authorized subcommittee thereof, is author-
ized under sections 134(a) and 136 of the
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, as
amended, and in accordance with its juris-
diction specified by rule XXV of the Standing
Rules of the Senate, to examine, investigate,
and make a complete study of any and all
matters pertaining to the aeronautical and
space activities of departments and agencies
of the United States, including such activi-
ties peculiar to or primarily associated with
the development of weapons systems or mili-
tary operations.
SEC. 2. (a) For the purposes of this resolu-
tion the committee is authorized, from
February 1, 1966, through January 31, 1967,
inclusive, to (1) make such expenditures as
it deems advisable, (2) employ upon a tem-
porary basis and fix the compensation of
technical, clerical, and other assistants and
consultants, and (3) with the prior consent .
of the head of the department or agency of
the Government concerned and the Com-
mittee on Rules and Administration, utilize
the reimbursable services, information, facili-
ties, and personnel of any department or
agency of the Government.
(b) The minority is authorized to select
one person for appointment as an assistant
or consultant, and the person so selected
shall be appointed. No assistant or consul-
tant may receive compensation at an annual
`gross rate which exceeds by more than $2,200
the annual gross rate of compensation of any
person so selected by the minority.
SEC. 3. The committee shall report its find-
ings, together with its recommendations for
such legislation as it deems advisable, to the
Senate at the earliest practicable date, but
not later than January 31, 1967.
SEC. 4. Expenses of the committee under
this resolution, which shall not exceed
$50,000, shall be paid from the contingent
fund of the Senate upon vouchers approved
by the chairman of the committee.
REPORT ENTITLED "ORGANIZATION
OF CONGRESS"-REPORT OF A
COMMITTEE (S. REPT. NO. 948)
Mr. MONRONEY, from the Joint Com-
mittee on the Organization of the Con-
gress, pursuant to Senate Concurrent
Resolution 2, 89th Congress, 1st session,
submitted an interim report entitled
"Organization of Congress," which was
ordered to be printed.
BILLS INTRODUCED
Bills were introduced, read the first
time, and, by unanimous consent, the
second time, and referred as follows:
By Mr. ERVIN:
S. 2789. A bill for the relief of Dr. Alberto
Oteiza; to the Committee on the Judiciary.
By Mr. YOUNG of North Dakota:
S. 2790. A bill to amend the Internal
Revenue Code of 1954 to restore the credit
against income tax for dividends received by
individuals; to the Committee on Finance.
By Mr. RUSSELL['} of Georgia (for him-
self and Mr. SALTONSTALL) (by re-
quest) :
S.2791. A bill to authorize appropriations
during the fiscal year 1966 for procurement
of aircraft, missiles, naval vessels, and
tracked combat vehicles and research, de-
velopment, test, and evaluation for the
Armed Forces, and for other purposes; and
S.2792. A bill to authorize certain con-
struction in support of military activities in
southeast Asia, and for other purposes; to
the Committee on Armed Services.
(See the remarks of Mr. RussELL of Georgia
when he introduced the above bills, which
appear under a separate heading.)
By Mr. FULBRIGHT (by request) :
S. 2793. A bill to amend further the For-
eign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, and
for other purposes; and
S. 2794. A bill to provide for the partici-
pation of the United States in the Asian
Development Bank; to the Committee on
Foreign Relations.
(See the remarks of Mr. FULERIGHT when
he introduced the above bills, which appear
under separate headings.)
CONCURRENT RESOLUTION TO AP-
PROVE SELECTION OF U.S. OLYM-
PIC COMMITTEE AND TO SUPPORT
ITS RECOMMENDATIONS THAT
UTAH BE DESIGNATED AS THE
SITE FOR THE 1972 WINTER OLYM-
PIC GAMES
Mr. MOSS (for himself and Mr. BEN-
NETT) submitted a concurrent resolution
(S. Con. Res. 71) to approve selecting of
the U.S. Olympic Committee and to sup-
port its recommendations that the gtate
of Utah be designated as the site for the
1972 Winter Olympic Games, which was
referred to the Committee on Foreign
Relations.
(See the above concurrent resolution
printed in full when submitted by Mr.
Moss, which appears under a separate
heading.)
RESOLUTIONS
STUDY OF CERTAIN ASPECTS OF
NATIONAL SECURITY AND INTER-
NATIONAL OPERATIONS
Mr. JACKSON, from the Committee on
Government Operations, reported an
original resolution (S. Res. 181) to study
certain aspects of national security and
international operations, which was re-
ferred to the Committee on Rules and
Administration.
(See the above resolution printed in
full when reported by Mr. JACKSON,
which appears under the heading "Re-
ports of Committees.")
AUTHORIZATION FOR COMMITTEE
ON GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS
TO MAKE A STUDY OF MATTERS
PERTAINING TO FOREIGN ASSIST-
ANCE OPERATIONS
Mr. GRUENING, from the Committee
on Government Operations, reported an
original resolution (S. Res. 182) author-
izing the Committee on Government Op-
erations to examine, investigate, and
make a complete study of all matters
pertaining to foreign assistance opera-
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552 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
tions by the Federal Government, which
was referred to the Committee on Rules
and Administration.
(See the above resolution printed in
full when reported by Mr. GRUENING,
which appears under the heading "Re-
ports of Committees.")
AUTHORIZATION FOR COMMITTEE
ON GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS
TO MAKE INVESTIGATIONS INTO
THE EFFICIENCY AND ECON-
OMY OF OPERATIONS OF ALL
BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT
Mr. McCLELLAN, from the Committee
on Government Operations, reported an
original resolution (S. Res. 183) author-
izing the Committee on Government Op-
erations to make investigations into the
efficiency and economy of operations of
all branches of Government, which was
referred to the Committee on Rules arid
Administration.
(See the above resolution printed in
full when reported by Mr. MCCLELLAN,
which appears under the heading "Re-
ports of Committees.")
TO PRINT ADDITIONAL COPIES OF
COMMIT'TEE RINT ENTITLED
"'THEY VIETNAI CONFLICT: THE
SUBSTANCE AND THE SHADOW"
Mr. MANSFIELD (for himself and Mr.
AIKEN) submitted an original resolution
(S. Res. 184) to print additional copies
of a committee print entitled "The Viet-
nam Conflict: The Substance and the
Shadow," which was considered arid
agreed to.
(See the above resolution printed in
full when submitted by Mr. MANSFIELD,
which appears under a separate head-
ing.)
PRINTING OF ADDITIONAL COPIES
OF A STUDY ENTITLED "REBEL-
LION IN RUSSIA'S EUROPE: FACT
AND FICTION"
Mr. DODD submitted the following
resolution (S. Res. 185) ; which was re-
ferred to the Committee on Rules and
Administration:
tiesolvrtf. That there be printed for the
use of the Committee on the Judiciary ten
thousand copies of a study entitled "Rebel-
lion in Ru;sis's Europe: Fact and Fiction,"
prepared for its Internal Security Subcom-
mittee during the Eighty-ninth Congress,
first session.
TO PROVIDE FUNDS TO STUDY AND
EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF LAWS
Pl9R.TA. KING TO PROPOSED RE"..
ORGANIZATIONS IN THE EXECU.-
i'IVE BRANCH OF THE GOVERNf-
MENT----REPORT OF A COMMITTEE
Mr. RIIIICOFF, from the Committee
on Government Operations, reported an
original resolution (S. Res. 186) to pro-
vide funds to study and evaluate the
effects of laws pertaining to proposed
reorganizations in the executive branch
of the Government, which was referred
to the Committee on Rules and Admin-?
istration.
(Sec the above resolution printed in
full when reported by Mr. RIBICOFF,
which appears under the heading "Re-
port,s of Committees.")
TO PROVIDE ADDITIONAL FUNDS
FOR COMMITTEE ON AERONAU-
TICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES
Mr. ANDERSON, from the Commit-
tee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences,
reported an original resolution (S. Res.
187) to provide additional funds for the
Committee on Aeronautical and Space
Sciences, which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Rules and Administration.
(See the above resolution printed in
full when reported by Mr. ANDERSON,
which appears under the heading "Re-
ports of Committees.")
PROPOSED LEGISLATION PERTAIN-
ING TO THE ARMED SERVICES
Mr. RUSSELL of Georgia. Mr. Presi-
dent, for myself and the senior Senator
from Massachusetts lMr. SALrONSTALLI,
I introduce, by request, two bills to au-
thorize additional appropriations dur-
ing fiscal year 1966.
One of these bills relates to military
construction and the other to procure-
merit and research, development, test,
and evaluation.
The total of the two bills is $4,807,750,-
000. This amount represents the part
of the President's request for supple-
mental appropriations of $12,345,719,000
for the fiscal year 1966 program in south-
east Asia requiring authorization.
I ask unanimous consent that letters
of transmittal requesting introduction
of these bills and explaining their pur-
pose be printed in the RECORD immedi-
ately following the listing of the bills.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
PROXMIRE in the chair). The bills will
be received and appropriately referred;
and, without objection, the letters ac-
companying the proposed legislation will
be printed in the RECORD.
The bills, introduced by Mr. RUSSELL
of Georgia (for himself and M:'. SALTON-
STALL), by request, were received, read
twice by their titles, and referred to the
Committee on Armed Services, as fol-
lows:
S. 2791. A bill to authorize appropriations
during the fiscal year 1966 for procurement
of aircraft, missiles, naval vessels, and
tracked combat vehicles and research, de-
velopment, test, and evaluation for the
Armed Forces, and for other purposes.
The letter accompanying Senate bill
2791 is as follows:
January 19, 1966
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE,
Washington, D.C., January 19, 1966.
Hon. HUBERT HUMPHREY,
President of the Senate, Washington, LOX-
DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: There is forwarded
herewith a draft of proposed legislation "To
authorize additional appropriations during
fiscal year 1966 for procurement of aircraft,
missiles, tracked combat vehicles, and for re-
search, development, test, and evaluation for
the Armed Forces and for other purposes."
The proposal would also provide authority
for appropriations of the Department of
Defense to be made available for the support
of the Vietnamese and other free world
forces in Vietnam. This proposal is a part
of the Department of Defense legislative
program for the 89th Congress, and the Bu-
reau of the Budget has advised that enact-
ment of the proposal would be in accord
with the program of the President.
In essence, this proposal would provide
for additional authorization of appropria-
tions as needed in each of the categories of
aircraft, missiles, tracked combat vehicles,
and research, development, test, and evalua-
tion for each of the military services to
cover the amount of new obligational au-
thority being requested for such purposes
in the supplemental estimates for fiscal year
1966 submitted to the Congress by the Pres-
ident. In addition, the proposal would pro-
vide for the transfer of responsibility for
financing the support and related costs of
the Armed Forces of the Republic of Vietnam
and other free world forces in Vietnam from
the military assistance program to the Inili-
tary services and defense agencies programs
and appropriations. This transfer is to be
effective as soon as practicable in fiscal year
1966, at which time unexpended balances of
funds supporting Vietnam military assistance
programs would be transferred to, and
merged with, appropriate military functions
appropriations, all of which appropriations
would then be made available for the use
of these programs.
The Committees on Armed Services will
be furnished, as in the past, information
with respect to the program for which fund
authorization is being requested in a form
identical to that submitted in explanation
and justification of the budget request. Ad-
ditionally, the Department of Defense will
be prepared. to submit any other data re-
quired by the committees or their staffs.
It is expected that the Armed Service:;
Committees will desire that top civilian anil
military officials of the Department of De-
fense be prepared to make presentations ex-
plaining and justifying their respective pro-
grams as iri the past-
For ready reference, there is attached it
table showing the results of previous con-
gressional action on applicable fiscal year
1966 budget request, together with the
amounts of new obligational authority being
requested in the supplemental estimate.
Sincerely,
ROBERT S. MCLSAMARA,
of amounts requested for aircraft, missiles, ships, tracked combat vehicle procureinent
authorization in. fiscal year 1966 supplemental request
gi thousands of dollars]
Airer ill
Array ----- ---- ---------------------------
-
N as y sod Marine Corps - . ----- ---_- - - ---- ---
Air l orcc__ _ - --------------------------
Army -------- Navy_. ----------------------------- . -------------------------
N:irine-'orps--------------------..._.--------------------------
Air I1orcc___________..._________..
Naval. vessels- Navy-------_-_-__-_. -------------------- -----
'tracked coinhat vehicles- :
Attey --------------------------- ---------
-
-------
Authorized I
Appropri-
Rupples,rii-
fiscal year
ated a
lal (NO t)
1966
fiscal year
lisesl year
1966
191)1
485 400
1
481,400
8kupek, Southwestern Counci'.1
curl Scouts; and Robert W. Meyer, in charge
of equipment maintenance.
BP,CKLOG bIOTJNTING
Even then it would be difficult immediately
to get enough vessels registered in the United
States'. to handle the military cargoes piling
up in. Oakland, Calif., New Orleans, New
York, Norfolk., and Baltimore. There is a
backlog, and the backlog is mounlsing daily
as the: discharging conditions in the. Vietnam
area, continue in chaos. Ships cannot get rid
of the cargoes they have aboard fast enough
to head back to the United States t,o pick up
additional supplies. Instead they :;it for 30
days, 60 days, 70 days, a.nd more, waiting,
waiting, waiting.
lt.'s not too much of a Christmas present
'far the young men in Vietnam to know that
their supplies cannot get: through to them
because of inadequate f. cilities ::nd ships
backed up. Ilowever, the Defense Depart-
xnent has xnnintained steadfastly that not a
soldier has suffered from the lacK of any
supplies.
Bui; there must be a seriotts slip-up some-
where when :here the United Sta. yes sits 8
months alter President Johnson announced
the buildup of troops. in order to step up
the operation in Vietn.axr_, and the shipping
picture is still pathetic.
TOTAL OF 300 SHIP#? CALLED O'lT
In SeptembeD, Representative GARMATZ,
Democrat, of Marylami, acting ch..irman of
the House Merchant Dffarine Committee,
callecL for an orderly breakout of the 300
"goad" ships in the reserve fleet so that
the ship repair yards would not become too
jammed, and so there wc:Ild be an even flow
of vessels becoming available tG MS'I5.
Under such a program it was felt that a
better job could be performed in readying
the vessels, particularly if the Defense De-
partment could be induced into spending
wYxat the industry considers a.n adequate
amount of money on each ship to make cer-
tain that it will be completely operable for
the duration.
Of the first; 50 ships which were taken
out of mothballs in July-August, rushc;d
through the :reactivation stages, and then
into service, many have broken down. in mid-
stream because of penny-pinching ascribed
to readying them. At least five are cctrrently
in Hawaii in such bad condition that the big
question is-VVhat do we do with them now^
TWES7TY-FIVE BEING READIx:D
Another 25 .ire being readied to begin haul-
ing supplies to Vietnam, perhaps only from
Okinawa or Subic Bay on a shuttle run.
Shipping interests doubt that these vessels
can hold up for very long in a F.,xr East
shuttle run without getting back to Ameri-
can shipyards to be "revitalized" again be-
cause aY the inadequate pregaration be-
stowed on them when they go out.
Yet even with the 25 more, MSTS admits
that it will fall far short of its .needs. And,
therefore, it is inviting foreign owners to
help relieve the shortage that this r.,ountry is
incurring.
Irony juts out from every porthole in the
picture.
First of all, because of the vast numbers
of ships in its reserve fleets, the United Stat;cs
since World '4Var II has been :Listed. as the
country with the biggest merchant fleet in
the world. Seldom has it been pcint:ed out
that the United States has slipped far down
the line in the number of active ships.
Secondly, when a top official of the Mari-
time Administration last February wanted to
break out just three ships from the mothball
fleets in order to determine what they would
ned "just in case" his suggestion was re-
jected by those above him as being a waste
of money.
VVOULD LOSE CARGOE(i
When they did begin breaking out the
ships, they merely pumped water through
the boiler tubes the first time around,
leaving the oil sediment and sludge
at the bottom. When the ships began
operating, t:he bailer tubes "blew up"
and more repairs were needed. It was
learned that by simply adding detergent, the
wastes would disappear. Such a lesson coi.IId
have been learned by testing out three ships
months ago :instead of when they were cri-
tically needed.
Third, the "effective control" ships which
the Defense Department has touted :.o loudly
over the years are virtually worthless in an
operation sue:h as Vietnam because they are
dry bulk carriers and tankers. Neither can
transport the general cargo that must move
to the Fax East and military zones today.
Fourth, if the commercial trade routes es-
tablished and promoted by .9merican-fl:xg
berth liner companies are stripped! of any
more of their regular vessels, they will incur
such severe losses of regular cargoes that
they might never be able to recoup this
trade.
And fifth, the matter of balance of pay-
ments becaxnes intertwined all along the
line.
If American cargoes are diverted to foreign
vessels on the commercial trad'.e routes, this
country lases in the balance of payments
picture.
If the Defense Department has to pay in-
creasing amounts of freight rakes to forefgn-
flag ships to transport AmeriL~an military
supplies, it means more gold flowiing from
this Country.
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