FREE WORLD SHIPPING TO NORTH VIETNAM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400010004-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 18
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 21, 2005
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: January 28, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

January 28, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 1349
couragement that I have often remarked periods in his life when Dr. Cowling de- There being no objection, the letter
that from Dr. Cowling r received a college viated from his practice of regular atten- was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
education all over again. Rather than eulo- dance. The one was in the last 2 years when as follows:.
gize him I would leave with you four his hearing in large groups failed, and he JANUARY 27, 1966.
thoughts that were basic to him, and which saw no merit in sitting though a service in DEAR WALTER: My warmest greetings.
I believe he would want us to live by. the intellectual stimulation of which he Your 37 years of faithful public service are
First was his regard for the U.S. Constitu- could not share. The other period was dur- truly an inspiration. The Senate has good
tion. He often remarked that because he ing the final illness of President Lars Boo, reason to be so very proud of you. Sorry I
was born in England and came to this coun- of St. Olaf College. While his colleague and cannot be with you, but am committed in
try as a boy with his parents, he learned friend was bedridden Dr. Cowling spent each New York shortly. I know your wise counsel
from them to be an American by choice. In Sunday morning visiting with him and read- and vast knowledge will still be available to
this land he saw freedom of opportunity, ing to him. Affectionate concern for a be- us. All best wishes to Clare and yourself.
made possible by the wiseet form of govern- loved brother in Christian fellowship was in HuBERT H. HUMPHREY.
ment ever devised by man. The Founding itself to him an act of worship to the com-
Fathers drafted a superb document in the mon Father who had made them neighbors Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, unfortu-
Constitution, which provides for a central and friendly rivals In Northfield. nately I was unable to be here yesterday
government with limited powers, powers held As we gather to pay tribute to our beloved when so many of my colleagues paid trib-
in check by the delicate balance of three friend and benefactor we must indeed be ute to Walter L. Reynolds, who has just
independent branches. He saw something grateful for the rich legacy that he leaves retired as chief clerk and staff director of
precious being lost in the increasing cen- us-the legacy of a life richly lived and the Senate Committee on Government
voice
The second thought is the importance of courage to mankind. We can commit his
a viewpoint by which to gage one's activi- soul to our Heavenly Father in the quiet to those who have already spoken by
ties, Dr. Cowling was a man of learning. assurance of Christian faith, which he so stating that the Senate is losing the serv-
He earned four degrees at Yale and received beautifully manifested throughout his pil- ices of one of its most talented profes-
more than a dozen honorary degrees. After grimage. We can pledge ourselves to the sionals.
completing his undergraduate course at Leb- remembrance and the doing of the truths Few men have shown greater ability in
anon Valley College and then taking fur- he so steadfastly served. handling the enormous task of running
tiler study at Yale, he realized that he had a committee staff.
a lot of information but what he most not only available at any
needed was a viewpoint. He therefore took A WELL-DESERVED TRIBUTE TO Walter was no
_time to assist but, even more ai significant-
edge at ant-
the divinity course at Yale, that his knowl- WALTER L. REYNOLDS, OUT-1 ti I could always count on the nccuant
edge might be oriented to a philosophy of STANDING PUBLIC SERVANT ! ly, the info. always ion he nth me. His
life. As I have already mentioned, this orien-gave
tation was the ethical insights of Jesus Christ Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, on j counsel will most assuredly be missed. I
in which he had utter confidence as repro- Thursday it was my privilege to be pres- want to take this opportunity to wish
seating not another opinion but the will of eat when Walter L. Reynolds was hon- him continued success in the years to
God. He often quoted to me this from ored by his many friends for his 37 years come. ~,~ ~/
6/
Emerson: of dedicated public service. As chief
"'Most men act from motives of external clerk, and staff director of the Senate
compulsion; few are strongly and steadily FREE WORLD SHIPPING TO NORTH
inspired from within." Government Operations Committee, VIETNAM
He. said that the last six words were the Walter has given willingly and unstint-
most appropriate motto for his life-etrongly ingly of his knowledge and ability. As Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, the
and steadily inspired from within. All that a member of the Government Operations Foreign Assistance Act of 1965 contained
he did was an expression of the viewpoint to Committee, I know how ably Walter a provision requiring the President to
which he had committed himself. served. We shall miss his wise counsel consider denying aid to any nation whose
A third basic idea is the distinction be- but, hopefully, he will be back to see his ships were involved in trade with North
tween self-sacrifice and unselfishness. The friends on Capitol Bill often. Vietnam.presi- deden mission position offerd college him was China the which The work of staff members make it I have received a report from the De-
he was inclined t to accept. When he met wt with h possible for Members of the Senate to partment of State on the progress made
the trustees in New York they congratulated serve better their constituents and the in carrying out the intent of Congress to
him upon the sacrifice he was about to make. Nation. Walter Reynolds did much of ward obtaining the cooperation of aid
The realization came to him that their hopes the staff work on S. 2, a bill to create a recipients in reducing this trade. This
for the college centered on sacrifice. The Joint Committee on the Budget, which report will be of interest to the Con-
trouble was that the sacrifice they envisaged was introduced on January 6, 1965, by the gross and the general public, and I ask
was his, not theirs. He declined to be sacrl- distinguished and able chairman of the unanimous consent to have it printed in
ideal ism, on
ficed
and the altar that their nt talk inadequate about t Committee on Government Operations the RECORD.
ism, concluded
"sacrifice" is hollow. What Is s needed is s un- [Mr. MCCLELLAN] and cosponsored by 76 There being no objection, the report
selfishness in which everyone can partic- Senators. The bill was reported on Jan- was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
ipate. No few should be asked to renounce uary 26, 1965, and passed by the Senate as follows:
the material blessings of this world, but on January 27, 1965. It has gone to the ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE,
everyone should be expected to use his re- House of Representatives where it has Washington, January 21, 1966.
sources generously. Dr. Cowling became a Hon. J. W. FULBRIGHT,
great fundraiser for worthy causes because been referred to the House Committee on Chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations,
he appealed to the unselfishness which char- Rules. U.S. Senate.
acterizes life at its best. Not what a man Walter has also participated in the de- DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: The Department of
receives in salary or income is as impor- velopment of legislation to increase the State shares the deep concern you have ex-
tant as what share of it he gives willingly Federal Government's control of sci- pressed over continued voyages of free world
and gladly. Those who were close to Dr. ence and technology in the field of space ships to North Vietnam and is making con-
Cowling know that in all his fundraising and and technology information. tinuing efforts to reduce that shipping.
service he did not take for himself, but gave Other special legislative work by High-level approaches have been made to all
freely out of his basic philosophy. Walter included helping implement the countries involved.
The final thought is the centrality of man's These efforts have met with considerable
religious life. Throughout all his years Dr, first and second Hoover Commission- success and the number of free world ves-
Cowling attended Sunday worship with recommendations and the Legislative eels in the trade has been diminishing stead-
regularity never missing a Sunday except on Retirement Act. ny, with none of the vessels carrying stra,-
rare occasions of necessity. Yet for him wor- Many of Walter's friends have ex- tegic cargoes. During 1965 the number of
ship was no ' magic ritual. Formality and pressed their respect and admiration. At voyages by free world vessels declined con-
liturgy had little appeal to him. Worship this time I ask unanimous consent that siderably as compared with 1964. The de-
was important because it keeps a man send- the full text of the telegram Walter re- crease has been particularly significant
tive and open to the creative spontaneity of ceived from the Vice President be printed during the past 5 months, when the month-
the God behind creation, and provides op- ly average was only 13 calls. By compari-
portunity to express gratitude for the mag- in the RECORD at the conclusion of my son the monthly average of free world calls
nificence and mystery of life. Worship is remarks. Vice President HUMPHREY was in 1964 was 34. The majority of these ves-
part of man's search for truth and of his ex- a member of the Committee on Govern- eels were not carrying goods to North Viet-
pression of ultimate concern. This view ment Operations when he served in this nam, but were arriving in ballast to pick up
of churchmanship is illustrated by the two body. outgoing cargoes.
 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
The free world shipments in question are of the existing urban complex. Since
not being made by the governments con- the time when he was mayor of Minne-
corned, but by private traders in ships sail-
ing under various national registries. Each apolis the Vice President has Cham-
country has special legal problems in con- pioned the cause of a better life in urban
trolling such shipping which take some time America. It must give him great satis-
to resolve, but we have been making every faction to participate in the realization
cil'ort to obtain early and effective action. of his goals.
In making diplomatic representations, the In his speech the Vice President rec-
ex:ecutive branch is mindful of the provi- ognizes the key role of education in the
lions of the recent amendments to foreign
assistance legislation which call for the de-
nial fulfillment of the Great Society. The
of economic and miltiary aid to coup- budget provides $2.8 billion, an increase
tries that do not take appropriate steps to of 23 percent over fiscal 1966, for this
remove their ships from the North Vietnam purpose. Included in this total is $1.5
trade. We have notified all affected gov- billion for aid to elementary and second-
ernments of these legislative provisions, and ary education, a boost of more than 50
have continued to press them to obtain nercent maximum cooperation from those very few tion of f these last funds year. will The to i imm rove
countries still having ships in the trade. tion go to prove
The only aid-recipient countries whose the education of children from areas of
ships have called at North Vietnamese ports poverty. The new Teacher Corps to
within the past 6 months, and some of these augment school staffs in low income
were under long-term charter to Communist areas will further help to uplift deprived
countries and therefore not under control of children.
their owners, were Cyprus, Greece, Liberia, These are but two
and Norway. Some of these countries state faceted parts of a many
that they have no legal authority to control in effort to evaluate the quality of
in peacetime the movement of privately has our anies. The Vice President
owned vessels but the Lebanese and Liberian a,S made an eloquent and stirring
Governments have issued regulations ms,k_ statement of the situation we face and
Ing it unlawful for their ships to carry cargo the road we are taking toward a better
to or from North Vietnam. In other cases, future. I commend the speech to all my
the shipowners in the countries concerned colleagues and ask unanimous consent
have obviously found it in their own hirer- that the text of the Vice President's
eat to get: out of the trade, as witnessed by speech be inserted at this point in the
the drastic reduction, and in some cases comn-
Sincerely,
DOUGLAS MACARTHUR II,
Assistant Secretary for
Congressional Relations,
January 28, 1966
Congress has agreed that a system of rent
supplements for low-income families should
be developed to supplement the traditional
approach of public housing.
Congress has enacted new and expanded
programs to fight air and water pollution.
Congress has established a program of
urban mass transportation and approved the
construction of a mass transit system in the
District of Columbia.
Congress has passed historic education
laws and an expanded poverty program to
provide new weapons for an attack on the
educational and social problems of the slums.
Congress has passed a variety of new hous-
ing and urban redevelopment programs, de-
signed especially to avoid mistakes of the
past and to meet needs of the future.
Yet it is clear we are only at the begi'.nn'ng.
The design by which we shall overcome the
shame of enduring slums, in the richest Na-
tion in the world, is still unclear. It is un-
clear to Government. It is unclear to the
experts.
And our recent efforts, while making prog-
ress in many areas, have also demonstrated
the complexity and tenacity of the problems
which confront us.
We have learned there are no simple soltt-
tio'?c, and no single a-?swers.
We are open to the widest and most crea-
tive thinking in this field, from builders and
land developers, planners and architects,
mayors and bankers, political scientists and
businessmen. In this spirit, we look forward
eagerly to the conclusions and recommenda-
tions of this symposium.
Although we have not yet produced the
,
Questions have been raised as to the post- was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, design that contains all the answers, we are
tion of Great Britain on the problem. The as follows: coming t unemfa n more four the most
pre?si : problem facing us in our titles. I-
great majority of British vessels in the North Ii,E]YIARI;S, VICE PRESIDENT HUBERT HUMPHREY, i5 this: to eradicate the explosive combina-
Vietnam trade are small coastal vessels NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CITY LIFE, WASH- tion of poor housing, poor schools and in-
owned and registered in Hong Kong and un- INGTON, D.C., DECEMBER 9, 1965 adequate public services, high rates of un-
der time charter to Communist operators, yet It is indeed a privilege for me to partici- employment and crime, and the proludice
carrying the British flag. The value of total pate in this and discrimination which comprise the slums
British trade with North Vietnam (imports Environment" ymposium on "The Troubled
and exports) amounted to about $265,000 in Envsponsored by the ACTION of urban America.
and aall of it was to out $265,000 in Council for Better Cities. All other urban problems pale by compari-
1964 and n are engaged nonstrategic.
less, we
energetic Nneths- I have long admired the numerous action son. And until we are capable of improving
the United Kingdom and other programs you have sponsored-programs the lives of people-largely Negro-who live
tion to the n who have been involved dealing with the complex tasks of living, in thee areas passed over by our national riendl fn the North nt ies who trade in order to ; ed working, and traveling within our urban prosperity and affluence, we will be stymied
complish withdrawal of all free world sh'i I- areas. in all other attempts to restore and redevelop
f..,,,, a-H..++ l The caimr.il I oc h4ar P
plete elimination, of their involvement In RECORD.
shipping to North Vietnam. There being no objection
the speech
ulating creative thinking and action in such We are sophisticated enough to know that
areas as community mobilization, urban re- physical slums
l
a
one do not produce the
search and education, and technical services. economic and social problems concentrated
So it is not surprising that ACTION should there.
sponsor this symposium on the most con- If
it were possible to replace overnight the
rounding, and crucial, problem of them all: tenements in our great cities with new hous-
TOWARD BETTER CITIES the fly relationship deprived of the residents of socially and eco- ing, we would
f hat at the same time. overcome
felt to the vital task of urban Amer- unemployment, juvenile delinquency, drug
Mr. RIBICOFF. Mr. President, on De- lea to urban development. addiction, poor education, Ill health, and
cember 9, 1965, Vice President HtMPHRE Y It is especially significant that this sym- family breakdown.
made a notable speech to the National posium is not just trying to understand the For this reason President Johnson has
Symposium on City Life. It sets forth nature of these complex and challenging stressed the importance of mounting corn-
es.
the critical needs of our modern urban is You
are also asking the critical questions: a prehedsipriareas o housi on the meer-
society and points the way toward the What can we do about them? educt problems
employment,
crime, and health.
solution of the most pressing problems. How can we make our contribution in the education, mime, and health.
The Vice President called for a broad struggle to rescue our cities? Only as we aed b simultaneously the
program to overcome the evils of shims, As President Johnson noted last year in environment ogenerated s by both physical
ignorance. and congestion which plague his historic message to the Congress on hous- can hope and make significant l nit c:o gress l.a
our cities. ing and urban development: "Whatever the can we hope to make progress in
scale of its programs, the Federal Govern- this difficult struggle.
Now, the President has pledged his meat will only be able to do a small part of One of the most significant tasks of the
administration to reconstruct the cities what is required. The vast bulk of resources new Department of Housing and Urban
in the mold of the Great Society and pro.. and energy, of talent and toil, will have to Development will be to assist our cities in
vide an opportunity for every citizen to come from State and local governments, pri- organizing this type of comprehensive at-
achieve his full potential. vate interests and individual citizrms." tack. In this regard, the following mat-
The Vice Pr'esident's s heel As the President also noted in this impor- tens merit priority attention:
Clear' p gives US a taut message, and as I am sure this sym- First, we must grasp the relationship be-
picture of the urban life the ad... posium will demonstrate, "We do not have tween increased income of slum residents
mi.nistrati:)n seeks for every city dweller. all the answers, we need more thought and and their ability to secure more adequate
Funds for public housing and urban re- wisdom and knowledge as we painfully strug- housing and other services from the private
newal are to be increased. The rent sup- 910 to identify the ills, the dangers and the and public sectors.
element program will begin. cures for the American city." As the poor achieve the level in our
Of SpeclQ,l significance is the proposal Consider our present state of affairs, economic structure where honest choices are
for dspeciaLisignil within the past 2 years : open to thorn in securing housing, I am con-
grants to cities for Congress. has established a Department of fident the forces of our free enterprise sys-
comprehensive planning and rebuildin Housing and Urban Development. tem will respond to this market.
n+iuu ~91itl~lAllw< R