THE FRACTIONAL ORBITAL BOMBARDMENT SYSTEM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP70B00338R000300110042-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 2
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 9, 2006
• Sequence Number: 42
• Publication Date: November 9, 1967
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2006/01/30 : CIA-RDP70BOO338R000300110042-7
November 9, 19.67 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A 5517
The criticism is not applicable in this four
county area, where Carolina Community Ac-
tions has been the administrative agency.
CCA has made (an excellent start in prepar-
ing some of our people for a more productive
life. Education and counselling, to improve
job skills and make the individual self-sup-
porting, is the only effective approach to pov-
erty. This is the OEO approach in this area.
Those who suggest that poverty can be
eliminated by an appeal to individual re-
sponsibility are ill-informed on the poor,
and on their problems. This is the old non-
sense that being poor is the fault of the in-
dividual, rather than the result of his en-
vironment and lost opportunities. It is the
philosophy of the dole of the 1930's, perpetu-
ated by "give-aways" which provided just
enough to keep the patient alive, but not
enough to effect a cure.
OEO: A GOOD BEGINNING
Nationally, despite some mistakes and ad-
mitted inefficiencies, here Is OEO's record:
More than 3 million received individual
health services; two million participated in
Head Start; 300,000 received legal help; 23,000
participated in the Upward Bound (adult
education) program; 800,000 young men and
women participated in on-the-job training.
The Job Corps-focal point of the critics-
provided training to 109,000, of whom 59,000
are now working and 9,150: of whom are back
in school.
The results OEO has achieved in this area,
previously given wide publicity, are even
more encouraging.
These are the demonstratable facts on
OEO.
OEO's anti-poverty program is the one ef-
fort in three generations which seems to have
a chance to bring young people to productive,
tax-paying status. It would be misguided
philosophy, indeed, to scuttle a self-help
program in favor of continued "give-away"
welfare subsistence.
Rep. Gettys has made the point that he
had no representations made to him in favor
of the OEO, except by those connected with
the program. Since appropriations for the
poverty war now are being debated in the
House, with a showdown vote likely Thurs-
day, this would be a good time for those
who do favor OEO to let the Congressman
know of their feelings. The OEO has been
particularly helpful socially and economical-
ly to the Fifth District and it would be a
shame should the District be hurt by any
curtailment of the program.
Foster Grandparents Give, Receive Love
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, November 9, 1967
Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, I think
the article in the Los Angeles Times en-
titled, "Retarded Youngsters' `Foster
Grandfolk' Give, Receive Love" will be of
great interest to my colleagues.
The retarded children of the Pacific
State Hospital in Pomona are receiving
love in a unique manner. Under the
OEO-funded foster grandparents pro-
gram, 48 men and women 60 years and
older are giving love to these children.
To qualify for the foster grandparent
program, a person must be 60 years old
or more, able to read and write, physi-
cally well, mentally alert, and have an
annual income of no more than $1,500
if single or $2,000 if married.
The foster grandparents received $1.50
an hour. Their work.is fulfilling and im-
portant. They read to the children, play
games, take them to the canteen, rock
them in their laps-in other words, they
provided much needed love and attention,
The hospital staff feels that the pro-
gram will benefit the children and pre-
vent the misbehavior which frequently
comes when retarded children receive too
little personal care.
The children selected have the caps--
ity to respond to enriched personal con-
tact. In fact, 50 percent have a good
chance of someday leaving the hospital
altogether.
The elderly people involved are bene-
fiting tremendously. They are people that
need to have someone need them. One
60-year-old grandmother said, "We're
just doing what comes naturally-giving
love."
Mr. Speaker, this is but one of a num-
ber of marvelous innovations which OEO
has made part of its community action
program. I know my colleagues will be
interested in the full text of the Times
story, which follows:
[From the Los Angeles (Calif.) Times, Oct.
24, 1967]
RETARDED YOUNGSTERS' "FOSTER GRANDFOLK"
GIVE, RECEIVE LOVE
(By Harry Nelson)
"We're just doing what comes naturally--
loving children."
The 60-year-old grandmother who uttered
those words meant,what she said-she has
eight children and 19 grandchildren at home.
But the children of whom she spoke are
not her own. They are mentally retarded
children with whom she and other "Foster
Grandparents" spend four hours a day at Pa-
cific State Hospital in Pomona.
A mutual Interest in love, with the help of
a novel antipoverty program, has brought the
two together.
Mental retardation hasn't diminished in
any way the children's need for love, accord-
ing to the hospital staff.
But having 2,600 mentally retarded pa-
tients in one place spreads thin the love the
staff can give.
So the state hospital and the',Economic
and Youth Opportunities Agency of Los An-
geles (EYOA) held meetings to see if they
could come up with a way to use antipoverty
funds to help solve the shortage of love.
The answer was Project Foster Grand-
parents. To qualify a person must be 60 years
old or more, able to read and write, physically
well, mentally alert and have an annual in-
come of no more than $1,500 if single or
$2,000 if married.
They receive $1.50 an hour and in exchange
they read to the children, play games, take
them to the canteen, rock them on their
laps-in short act as a source of love.
The program will hire 48 foster grand-
parents to work with 388 youngsters over
the next year. Applications should be made
through the State Department of Employ-
ment, 105 East Arrow Highway, Pomona.
The seven grandfathers and 12 grand-
mothers already employed in the program
have a total of 60 children, 156 grandchil-
dren * * * nurse in charge of one ward that
has 15 youngsters in the program, said she
saw the potential for the program as soon as
it was announced.
"The kids will do nearly anything they are
capable of if they think grandpa or grandma
wants them to do it," she said.
The project staff, headed by Steve Brom-
field, said that children who have the ca-
pacity to respond to the enriched personal
contact were selected for the children of
their own.
"We need it as much as the children," says
Mrs. Pearl Walker, 60, of Montclair. "I know
I need somebody. I have a constant fear of
being tied down behind four walls. Bosses
won't hire women over 40.
"This is a windfall for me and it lets me
do what comes naturally-love children."
Roscoe McGuire, 64, has four adopted
grandchildren aged 8 to 12 at home in Po-
mona. Before retiring he worked at the
hospital as an exterminator.
"I used to walk through the wards and I
saw things the-n that made me want to come
back," he said.
Mrs. Carrie Sanger, 61, of Upland said her
husband died recently. "I was important to
him, but all at once I wasn't needed any
more. Now I'm needed again," she said.
Mrs. Betty Gifford, the * * * program.
Most are under 10 years old. Some, perhaps
50%, stand a good chance of someday im-
proving to the point where they can leave
the hospital.
Most of the children have not been in the
hospital long. It is hoped that the attention
they will receive from the grandparents will
prevent the kind of misbehavior common in
hospitals because the children crave atten-
tion.
Attempts have been made in the past to
get volunteers to do similar work, but the
hospital has never been able to get enough
for its needs.
"They could do remarkable things if they
had a mother's attention," said one staff
member.
Funds for the present program are avail-
able through the end of this year and It is
expected that the program will continue
through 1968..
The Fractional Orbital Bombardment
System
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. JAMES A. McCLURE
OF IDAHO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, November 9, 1967
Mr. McCLURE. Mr. Speaker, Secretary
McNamara's sudden announcement that
the Soviet Union may be testing an
orbital bomb has prompted speculation
as to the integrity of the Outer Space
Treaty ratified only a month ago. If the
Secretary has gone so far as to say the
Russians "may" be testing such a
weapon, past experience would indicate
that indeed they are.
The fractional orbital bombardment
system, as the Secretary calls it, is now
the subject of considerable debate on
whether or not it violates the treaty. Part
of the discussion revolves around the
meaning of the word "orbit." Secretary
McNamara said that "They have agreed
not to place warheads in full orbit," while
Murrey Marder, writing in the Washing-
ton Post, speculates that the Russians
might well be challenged on whether the
term orbit applies to parts of a full orbit
or not and noted that the State Depart-
ment has sidestepped all questions about
the legality of the Russian tests.
The Space Treaty used the word orbit
in the following manner:
States Parties to the treaty undertake not
to place in orbit around the Earth any objects
carrying nuclear weapons or any other kinds
of weapons of mass destruction.
The word orbit is used in its noun form,
and according to Webster's Dictionary is
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 A5518
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I~IURESSIONAL RECORD -- APPENDIX November 9, 1967
defined as "a path described by one body The conclusion reached by the Joint Chiefs Vietnam. They wanted the treaty so
or object ill its revolution about another." of Staff was that we can rely on our uni- badly that they were willing to ignore the
To place an object "in orbit" then, is lateral capabilities to monitor the no-bombs- fact that even as the Russians negoti-
To place g it "in" this path, and it does not in-orbit provision. The security of the United
require that it travel one complefe States will be fully preserved. weed apeace-i e agreement, they
were testing a w weapoeapon of war in space.
revolution. In view of such assurances, I was On such fond hopes is man's destruc-
Perhaps each Nation has its own deft- rather surprised to read an article in the tion built.
nition. Regretably there is no legal in- November 7 issue of the Christian Science If a robber came up behind you and
terpretation of the word available. To my Monitor. The article discussed the im- jabbed a gun in your back, you would not
mind, however, the Russians have not pact of the orbital bomb on the current really know whether or not it was a gun.
only violated the spirit of the agreement, hearings before the Joint Committee on But it would be foolish to assume that
but the word as well. Atomic Energy, saying : it was not. By the same token, the fact
Administration officials testifying be- In view of the propect of new terror weap- that Russia has signed a piece of paper
fore the Joint Committee on Atomic ons cruising far overhead, administration wit- saying they will not put a nuclear war-
Energy concluded that there was no vio- nesses will be pressed to thoroughly explore head in space is hardly proof that they
lation because a full orbit was not the rationale behind the nation's present not
achieved and because there was no proof strategic stance. are preparing to do just that. Based
that a nuclear warhead was attached. Many persons, including the Joint Chiefs upon the evidence and on our past ex-
of Staff, eve the with the Communis of ba
But Marder's column adds a most dis- d
evelop abheavy ABMadefensertoicopehwith faith and broken treaties, we had be t
turbing footnote: Soviet strategic missiles. ter take whatever steps are necessary to
Once a warhead was attached ... It could Without going into the need for devel- counter this threat.
be a moot point whether the space treaty
was violated, because the world could then opment of a heavy ABM system, I cannot
be in the midst of World War III. help wondering about the relationship
During debate on the treaty it was said between this statement and the pleasant
reassurances we were given last April. Government-Financed Books
that a philosophy of openness and broad If monitoring is so effective, why the
applicability permeates the treaty. A sudden cry for building the heavy ABM EXTENSION OF REMARKS
statement prepared by the Senate Aero- system? Our experts in evaluating the of
nautical and Space Sciences Committee tests must have come to some rather
said: ominous conclusions. HON. E. S. JOHNNY WALKER
The policy of the treaty may deter some The treaty provides in article XI that of NEW MEXICO
nations from attempting to acquire the tech- all parties shall "inform the Secetrar IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
nological capability to orbit weapons of mass . Y-
destruction. General of the United Nations of the Thursday, November 9, 1967
Let me emphasize that one word nature, conduct, locations and results of activities Mr. WALKER. Mr. Speaker, the Amer-
"may," because I think that characterizes So let us ask the outer United d space." ican Library Association is concerned
the hope that underlies the treaty-the Nations to make about recent revelations regarding Gov-
hope that the Soviets will not take ad- the exact inquiry nature under this these provision experiments to ernment-financed books.
vantage of this aggressive
possibility- and let the U.N. determine whether the
the The association has adopted the fol-
the hope that they will live up to the Russian missile is in reality a weapon of lowing statement:
spirit of the declarations of the treaty-a mass destruction. Should the Russians STATEMENT ADOPTED BY THE ALA COUNCIL,
hope that we should have known was refuse to cooperate, then the treaty will THE GOVERNING BODY OF THE AMERICAN
LI AT
merely self-delusion-a hope that has have served a useful purpose in holding 86 86
TTH H ANNUAL ASSOCIATION, CONFERENCE CIN ASS SAN FRANAFR N'-
now been shattered. AN-
up to the world the folly of negotiations Cisco, JUNE ao, 1967
When Senate ratification occurred last with the Communists.
April, the American people were given
a of the LA, the the o 86th io nex-
I have written to Ambassador At San
the usual assurances that the treaty was berg que e p he ALA, the Atsciaus o today reequesting that he taka e th the pre essesed d itof t its conviction that the c cause of
a reliable guarantee against the hostile initial steps toward implementing this democracy is best served when the operations
use of space. Leading the debate at that provision. of government are fully revealed. In the sen=
time was the senior Senator from my If there is a certain consistency in sitive area of public opinion, secret Influence
State, FRANK CHURCH, broken Russian agreements, it iS court- can only contaminate truth and corrupt the.
Senator CHURCH recalled that both the terbalanced by the-series of paradoxes by fundamental concepts of free speech and a
free Soviet Union and the United States had which such acts are greeted In this The press
American Library Association takes
issued statements several years ago say- country.
ing that "each would not station or note of the fact that, during the second ses-
otherwise place weapons of mass de- A few days ago, thousands demon- sion of the 89th Congress at a hearing before
strated outside the Pentagon against a Subcommittee of the House Committee on
struction in the orbit around the earth." American "warmongers." Where are the Appropriations, the United States Informa-
In the light of subsequent events, such protesters now? tion Agency revealed under questioning that
statements are remarkable for their And those who deplored the decision to it had been subsidizing and otherwise en-
naivete. eme
couraging authors to write, and publishers
Speaking of the "open access" pro- build a thin antiballistic missile system- to print, materials useful to and harmonious
vision by which one party to the treaty where are the protesters now? with Agency programs of information to for-
isi insure which Other states the rey
at- What a strange sight it has been to see sign readers. It was further revealed that
may i Senator t other said: the administration in effect defending many of these publications were also sold
the Russians in this matter. Secretary reader of the swithout ource o the any disclos
f bsidoyror to oth her
There are no comparable inspection pro- McNamara said, "I'm not concerned"-a form off encouragement.
visions with respect to objects in orbit.
The treaty, however, places no restric- rather startling statement from the man Subsequently, on February 9, 1967, the
tion on our right to observe. It guarantees charged with the responsibility for de- Assistant Director of the United States In-
freedom of access to all parts of space. Thus fending the American people. formation Agency indicated that no manu-
we must rely on our unilateral capability to Those who negotiated the treaty knew script would be commissioned without the
monitor compliance by other parties. Our that three tests occurred while talks approval of the Director.
capability in this respect has been thor- However, almost at the same time, and
oughly reviewed by our very best military were in progress. Six more took place from another direction, public revelations
authorities. We have been clearly and forth- between the time that the Senate rati- were made of covert activities by the Central
rightly assured that we prefer to rely on our fied the treaty and its implementation intelligence Agency with respect to private,
own monitoring capabilities and that we can. October 10, and there have been two non-governmental organizations, in which
do the job. I am, therefore, satisfied that our more since then. public moneys were employed to develop and
national security is in no way jeopardized Instead of reality, our country's lead- influence opinions and actions consonant
by the lack of an inspection provision for with governmental objectives.
orbiting objects. ens have fed us dreams. They want so The American Library Association ex-
badly to be friends with the enemy that presses the concern of its members that dis-
To bolster his own conclusion, the Sen- they ignore the fact that it is Russian closure of the sources of influence and sCbsi-
ator also offered this reassurance: I weapons which kill American boys in dies in the forging of public opinion has
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