ABM DEFENSE SYSTEM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP70B00338R000300110016-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 2
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 9, 2006
• Sequence Number: 16
• Publication Date: November 2, 1967
• Content Type: OPEN

November 2,Ap~67 roved For Release 200 %89 3 iEC~R13 OBgJ 3J%D0300110016-6 S15759
discharging their obligation to the Nation carefully examined. The result has been
and to the Senate in such an outstanding that our votes in committee, with scarce-
manner. ly an exception, have been unanimous.
Mr. KUCHEL. Mr. President, will the The able chairman of the Subeommit-
Senator from Washington yield? tee on Parks and Recreation, the distin-
Mr. JACKSON. I am happy to yield guished senior Senator from Nevada
to the able senior Senator from Call- has had tE]chasyd on e brunt lowork. He
ng and
fornia.
Mr. KUCHEL. Mr. President, the re- tedious hearings.
port of the Insular Affairs on the pending bill reads, ourlcommit President, in connection the with the
in part: establishment of such outdoor areas as
The proposed North Cascades National national parks, recreation areas, and sea-
Park and the Ross Lake and Lake Chelan shores, to hold hearings in the affected
National Recreation Areas encompass an ar- areas. This is not an easy task. As I say,
ray of alpine scenery unmatched in the the senior Senator from Nevada has car-
United states. Deep glaciated canyons, more ried the brunt of that requirement that
than 150
mountain glaciers, hundreds lakes, and plant of Jagged has been laid down by the committee.
We have in each instance had the bene-
nitles characterize this section of the Cas-
cade fit of the testimony of witnesses from the
Range. involved areas. I think this has made for
It was 30 years ago that a compre- better legislation.
hensive study was first undertaken by Among the results of field hearings
agents of the Government of the United has been, in many cases, special provision
States with respect to the possibility of to take care of people who have cottages
creating a park in California's sister or homes in the areas to be included
State of Washington. The able Senator within a national forest or recreation
from Washington, the chairman of the area. This has come to be known as the
Committee on Interior and Insular Af- Cape Cod formula. The very equitable
fairs [Mr. JACKSON] indicated earlier in result has been that people who have
his comments to the Senate that the pro- lived in these areas for a long time are
posal encompassed in S. 1321 is a re- able to continue their habitat as long as
gional one rather than one for the bene- there is no change in the use of the prop-
fit of a single State alone. I agree. erty which is contrary to the purposes of
I want to say for the people of the the established area.
country and those who follow that this This policy has been worked out as the
is a week in the U.S. Senate when his- result of a special effort made by the
tory surely will have been made. The two able senior Senator from. Nevada.
Senators from Washington have intro- Mr. President, I have very much en-
duced legislation which not only obtained joyed working with my able counterpart
unanimous approval by the members of on the committee, the distinguished sen-
the Committee on Interior and Insular for Senator from California [Mr. Ku-
Affairs, but was received with enthusiasm CHEL]. I think this Congress and previ-
by all of us who listened in committee ous Congresses can take great pride in
to tha testimony of those who came for- the long list - of constructive bills that
ward to speak in behalf of the bill. have been passed that will affect mil-
Yesterday the Senate approved the lions of Americans for generations to
creation of a majestic redwood park for come by virtue of Congress having ade-
all the people of the country. Today the quately preserved and set aside areas
Senate is about to approve a park of that should be set aside for national
,similar majesty for the benefit of the parks, recreation and wilderness areas.
American people now and hereafter. I Mr. President, I suggest the absence
merely wish to spread on the RECORD, as of a quorum.
one who sits on the minority side, that The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk
this is the kind of action that surpasses will call the roll.
any partisan or political concern. I am The assistant legislative clerk pro-
honored to stand beside my colleague, ceeded to call the roll.
the chairman of the committee, for this Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi-
brief moment to urge speedy approval dent, I ask unanimous consent that the
of the bill which he and his colleague order for the quorum call be rescinded.
from Washington have introduced. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
Mr. JACKSON. Mr. President, once objection, it is so ordered.
again I wish to express my deep appre- Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
ciation for the leadership and support unanimous consent that the committee
that have been provided by the able amendments be considered en bloc.
senior Senator from California in the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
work of the Committee on Interior and objection, the amendments are con-
Insular Affairs, with special reference to sidered and agreed to en bloc.
the preservation of our great natural The bill is open to further amend-
resources. I must say that the bill passed ment. If there be no further amend-
yesterday and the bill we are considering ment, the question is on the engrossment
today, and a long list-and I think it is and third reading of the bill.
an impressive list-of national park, The bill was ordered to be engrossed
was read the third
rea bills
eadin
ti
thi
d
f
d
,
g,
on a
r
r
recrea
or a
wilderness area, an
have been made possible by the special time and passed. system designed primarily to protect the
so as to read: United States against Red China.
of the ranking minority member The title was amended
ff
t
,
or
s
e
of our committee. "A bill to establish the North Cascades This editorial points out Secretary
We have been able to report these bills National Park and Ross Lake and Lake McNamara's fundamental error in be-
on a purely bipartisan basis, and the Chelan National Recreation Areas, to lieving that the Soviets will never strike
bills have been thoroughly reviewed and designate the Pasayten Wilderness and the United States first. The Secretary be-
to modify the Glacier Peak Wilderness,
in the State of Washington, and for other
purposes
Mr. JACKSON. Mr. President, I move
that the vote by which the bill was
passed be reconsidered.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
move that.the motion to reconsider be
laid on the table.
The motion to lay on the table-was
agreed to.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President,. the
Senate has significantly enhanced the
cause of conservation during the past 2
days by adopting two measures estab-
lishing national parks; the redwoods
yesterday, North Cascades today. Both
of these achievements represent Out-
standing additions to the already ex-
emplary record of the Senator from
Washington [Mr. JACKSON]. As the
chairman of the Committee on Interior
and Insular Affairs his consistent sup-
port for programs that would preserve
this Nation's unspoiled beauty has been
characterized with strong advocacy and
tireless devotion. The Senate is deeply
grateful for his efforts.
Of course, the Senator from California
[Mr. KUCHEL], the ranking minority
member of the committee, deserves sim-
ilarly high praise. Particularly with re-
gard to the passage yesterday of the red-
woods bill, but no less so when North
Cascades was before the Senate today,.
Senator KucHEL demonstrated his effec-
tive skill and keen ability. He deserves
the Senate's highest commendation.
Others joined to assure the Senate's
successful endorsement of these national
park proposals. Noteworthy were the
efforts of the Senator from Utah [Mr.
Moss], my colleague from Montana [Mr.
METCALF], and the junior Senator from
California [Mr. MURPHY].
The Senate is grateful also to the
Senator from Louisiana [Mr. ELLENDER]
who, yesterday-with the Senator from
New Mexico [Mr. ANDERSON], the Sena-
tor from Mississippi [Mr. STENNIS], and
others-did not agree entirely with the
committee's version of the "redwoods"
bill but nonetheless allowed the Senate
to vote its will freely and expeditiously..
Again, to Senator JACKSON, Senator
KUCHEL, and to all of the committee
members goes the sincere appreciation
of the Senate for again exhibiting their
unstinting dedication to the preserva-
tion of those areas of our Nation whose
beauty we cherish-a beauty that can
be cherished by future generations be-
cause of their efforts.
ABM DEFENSE SYSTEM
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, the
October 28, 1967, issue of the State news-
paper in Columbia, S.C., publishes a com-
mendable, article entitled "Don't Be Half
Safe." In this editorial Mr. W. D. Work-
man, Jr., discusses the debate on the
antiballistic missile and points out the
shortcomings of the "thin" ABM defense
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 S 15760 Approved For Releae~~gAf8 W-K9E 033 %0"0110016-November 2, 1967
lieves that our assured destruction capa- jng Subcommittee hearings on the air
bility will prevent such an attack. Mr. war in Vietnam. In particular, this edi-
Workman carefully reminds us that the torial criticized retired Maj. Gen. Gilbert
Communists do not always behave ra- 'L. Meyers, USAF, for his outspoken
tionally, and that there is an urgent 'criticism of the administration in its
need for America to stand on guard conduct of the war.
against irrational behavior of all Com- It is refreshing to note in the October
munists, no matter where they are. 30, 1967, issue of Aviation Week & Space
In this regard the State newspaper Technology magazine an editorial in
warns that we should produce not only a Support of General Meyers. Editor Rob-
limited ABM system, but that we should ert Hotz commended General Meyers for
also proceed to the construction of a speaking out and highlighting the dan-
missile defense that will deter all of our gers of gradualism, targeting restric-
enemies, not just the Red Chinese. tions, sanctuary, and technical restric-
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- tions. General Meyers took direct issue
sent to have the editorial printed in with earlier testimony by Defense Secre-
the RECORD. , tary McNamara on the military value of
There being no objection, the edi- targets recommended by the JCS but
torial was ordered to be printed in the not approved by the White House. He
RECORD, as follows: pointed out the fallacy of Comparing the
DON'T BE HALF SAFE' output of Vietnam industry with U.S.
t t
Now that we've all had a chance to consider
Defense Secretary McNamara's proposal for a
$5 billion anti-ballistic-missile (ABM) sys-
tem, it's time to look dispassionately at what
has actually been decided.
We're to have a "thin" ABM defense sys-
tem designed primarily to protect us against
Red China. Such a system will, at length,
prove better than nothing-but not much,
as we observed 'lest month.
More to the point, now that a good deal
of the flak has dispersed, is that were not
to have a defense system designed to pro-
tect us against Soviet Russia.
Anthony Harrigan, of the Charleston News
and Courier, points out in the current Wash-
ington Report of the American Security
Council :
"Development of a thin ABM line seems
highly dangerous. When a free nation has
the strongest possible defenses-defenses
that inspire respect-there is little danger of
attack by an aggressor. But a light line of
defense always has aroused the ambitions of
an aggressor. This was the case in the 1920's
and 1930's, when advocates of arms limitation
insisted that cutting down the size and num-
ber of American naval cruiser guns would
create conditions of parity with Japan and
cause that country to desist from its aggres-
sion. The effort had precisely the opposite
effect."
The Joint Congressional Atomic Energy
Committee has estimated that Red China
may have an operational ICBM sometime
before 1972. But the Soviets have operational
ICBM's right now.
Moreover, the Soviets have multistage,
solid-fuel, anti-ballistic-missile defenses al-
ready installed around Moscow.
Secretary McNamara's fundamental error
is this: He believes the Soviets will never
strike us first. He believes that "the assured
destructive capability of both countries de-
ters any nuclear exchange."
But Communists don't always behave ra-
tionally. Their thought processes aren't akin
to ours. Often, they take risks that no nor-
mal Western man would take.
America needs to stand on guard against
the irrational behavior of all Communists,
whether they be Chinese, Russian, or Cuban.
A limited ABM system ought to be de-
ployed, yes; but Congress ought to pressure
the Defense Department into making it more
of a deterrent to all our enemies-not simply
the Red Chinese.
'AIR WAR IN VIETNAM
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, re-
ccently, the Washington Post newspaper
published an editorial criticizing our
military leaders for their testimony be-
fore the Senate Preparedness Investigat-
industrial standards. It is sign can 0
note that an attack on Phuc Yen, the
main Mig 21 base in North Vietnam,
was authorized by the administration
only a few days before the public release
of General Meyers' testimony.
I commend this editorial to my col-
leagues and further recommend a care-
ful study of the entire report of the
Preparedness Investigating Subcommit-
tee on this vital subject.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to have the editorial printed in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the edi-
torial was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
AN AMMAN SPEAKS OUT
For the past year there has been a rising
tide of criticism over the ineffectual way that
U.S. airpower has been applied in North
Vietnam. Initial complaints came from Air
Force and Navy pilots who were flying what
they termed politically-dictated missions
against targets they regarded as militarily
useless. During the past year, we added our
voice to this criticism in two editorials-
"Protecting the MiGs" (AW&ST Apr. 10, p.
21) and "An Ineffectual Strategy" (AW&ST
May 15, p. 17). In the waning months of last
summer, a succession of top-ranking military
leaders testifying to Congress confirmed most
of the facts recited in both editorials.
Now, the most devastating expose of this
incredible politically-dictated military
strategy for the air war over North Vietnam
has been provided by the man who was
deputy commander of the 7th Air Force in
Vietnam for 16 months-Maj. Gen. Gilbert L.
Meyers, Gen. Meyers' testimony was given to
the Preparedness Investigating Subcommit-
tee of the Senate Armed Services Commit-
tee last August. But it has just been released
publicly after passing through a Defense
Dept. censorship mill. Gen. Meyers revealed
a wealth of new specific details on the
policies and procedures that have hamstrung
the effective employment of air power over
North Vietnam. His testimony goes far be-
yond anything on the public record to date.
He confirms the earlier claims of many com-
bat pilots that their comrades were being
killed unnecessarily because of these re-
strictions and that these White House-di-
rected policies have increased the cost of the
war in blood and money and stretched its
duration.
rs was able to present such a
Me
G
ye
en.
frank and devastating indictment of these base at Phuc Yen was given only a few days
policies primarily because he has retired from before the public release of his testimony
the Air Force and is no longer subject to the on its high military target value.
type of reprisal that has been inflicted on We recommend to our readers a thorough
other dissenters still in uniform. We be- perusal of the full text of Gen. Meyers' testi-
lieve that Gen. Meyers' testimony is one of mony. We believe he has done a great service
the most important views to be given the
Congress and the American people on what
has really been transpiring in the air war
over North Vietnam. For that reason, we in-
tend to publish it in full in the next issue
of this magazine. In the meantime, here are
the main points that Gen. Meyers stressed in
his Senate testimony:
Gradualism: He detailed the slowly grad-
uated pressure with which U.S. air power
was applied during the past two years, begin-
ning with strikes against only two targets a
week in the. southern panhandle of North
Vietnam. Only in the past few weeks have
the key targets that the Joint Chiefs of
Staff recommended in 1966 been attacked.
Gen. Meyers said this politically-dictated po-
licy of gradualism had blunted much of the
effect of U.S. air power by allowing the
enemy sufficient time to build a vast air de-
fense system, develop alternate supply
methods and convert sanctuary areas into
major operational bases.
Targeting: He detailed how targets were
released to field commanders from Washing-
ton in two-week batches, with very little re-
gard for local factors such as weather, sur-
prise or military effectiveness. He confirmed
that Washington limited the sorties for each
specific period, regardless of local condi-
tions. Whenever a major target category,
such as powerplants or rail lines,. was au-
thorized for strike, it was released in piece-
meal targeting spread over periods too long
for the attacking aircraft to inflict signifi-
cant damage.
Sanctuaries: He noted that throughout
his tenure, U.S. pilots were forbidden to
attack well-defined zones surrounding Hanoi
and Haiphong, a buffer south of the Chinese
border and MIG airfields. He said the enemy
used these "zones" as sanctuaries to pro-
tect, vital military equipment and opera-
tion.
Tactical restrictions: Gen. Meyers con-
firmed. that U.S. pilots were long prevented
from attacking MiG fighters on the ground.
They were only allowed to engage them de-
fensively in the air, where the enemy had
all the advantages of altitude and surprise.
He also said that U.S. airmen were not
allowed to attack SAM sites unless they
could provide photo proof that actual mis-
siles were at the sites. Since this photo-
recon release process took an average of 12
hr. and the North Vietnamese could move
the SAM missiles in 4 hr., it became im-
possible to keep the SAM threat under con-
trol. He also testified that the political re-
strictions imposed on airmen included di-
rection and angle of attack and a sterotyped
repetition of attack patterns that enabled the
enemy to concentrate his defense in key
areas and inflict higher casualties on U.S.
aircraft.
Value of targets: Gen. Meyers took direct
issue with previous testimony by Defense
Secretary Robert S. McNamara on the mili-
tary value of targets that had been rec-
ommended by the Joint Chiefs of Staff for
attack but not approved by the White House.
He noted that applying U.S. Industrial stand-
ards to Vietnam conditions is a great mis-
take. He cited tire factories with a very low
output by U.S. standards that are vital to
keep the North Vietnamese fleet of supply
trucks moving and a battery plant that
built equipment to power the Viet Cong field
command radio' network as military targets
that should have been attacked. He also said
that permission to attack the MiG airfields
was denied until a few months ago despite
repeated pleas by Air Force and Navy com-
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