TOUCH OF TRAGEDY IN ANTI- BALLISTIC-MISSILE DEFENSE SYSTEM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP70B00338R000300110011-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 2
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 9, 2006
• Sequence Number: 11
• Publication Date: October 6, 1967
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2006/01/30o Co~qq Rpppp770~gB~~QQ338R000300,110011-1 S 14359
October 6, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
that almost any policing plan that would in- naive to presume that the Chinese will not curity is not won. It is that battle in
course, in
elude such straightjacketed mechanisms as continue their efforts to disrupt such peace- are now which we
engaged, the International Control Commission is ful evolvement by fomenting violence in Southeast Asia. - -
doomed to failure. Not only would the pres- Trailand, the Philippines and again in Indo-? Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
ent members of the I.C.C., if they are re- nesia. The effort, on our part,, should never. sent that the Sun-Times editorial, en-
e as much
o
urag
tained, end up in bickering and in vetoing theless be designed to enc
of each other's purposes and prerogatives, peaceful development as possible, and, if titled "Escalation for Safety," published
but they conceivably would tend to exacer- that proves ineffective or insufficient, to on September 20, 1967, be printed in the
bate friction among the Vietnamese seeking promote successful programs of counter- RECORD,
to resolve their own problems. insurgency. - - There being no objection, the editorial
What the Viet Nam situation desperately Whatever impetus to regional cooperation was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
demands is a more free revolutionary expres- - develops out of a Vietnamese settlement- follows'
sion of its own ethos, something which, such cooperation is already burgeoning in ESCALATION FOR SAFETY
during the long and tragic postwar period several fields, such as education, transporta?-
when the French refused to let go in the tion, banking and finance-should not be in- The U.S. decision to build an anti-ballis- -
South, was denied it, and which, under Diem hibited by threats or interpositions of major tic missile (ABM) defense network to guard
and since, has continued to be precluded. If military might from any outside source, in- against a nuclear attack from Red China is
the South is to rediscover its own revolu- eluding the United States. Once the Viet Nam significant in two areas. It recognizes the
tionary traditions, and to preserve or modify situation is regulated, the security of the growing threat of Red China's nuclear weap-
them relation to the communist North, it area will nevertheless depend In the imme- on capacity. It acknowledges that the United
nfident that Russia and its nu-
o
t
t
a.vised as possible. This naturally involves risks shield supplied in large part by the United
of communist domination or subversion, but States, with the help of Australia and per-
the risks must be taken in a true revolution- haps a lingering British contribution. In the
here and milieu, and not under final analysis, the degree of American deter-
atmos
p
ary
the gaze of an ineffective international urination to support nationalist development
police element. - in Viet Nam and elsewhere in Southeast Asia,
This does not mean that the Americans and to back up its support with its multi-
and the Russians and possibly other powers farious resources, will prove the key factor,
should not play a role, but in so far as pos- politically and economically more thanmill.-
sible the role should be of a "good offices" tarily. One of the generally unrealized bene-
nature. A Geneva-type conference might fits of the war In Viet Nam has been an
properly define the purpose of such a mis- awareness - on the part of Asian leaders-as
sion, and the United Nations might under- best expressed so far by Singapore's Prime
write it. It could project its own mechanism Minister Lee I{uan Yew-that the United
for action, either if called upon by the Viet- States has bought time in- Viet Nam for the
namese or perhaps on the basis of its own rest of Southeast Asia to get together and
readings of the unfolding situation in Viet avoid another Viet Nam. The success of the
Nam, as a result of which it might interpose American commitment in the future will de-
suggestions for resolving potential or actual pend on our inner resolve, on our under.-
issues and quarrels. There remain some sub- standing of the area's problems and poten-
stantive preliminary matters that should tialities, as well as on our patience and will-
rightfully be considered and acted upon at a ingness to remain "involved" indefinitely.
conference. These include the phased with- If Viet Nam has been a tragic and often
drawal of troops.from South Viet Nam, both misconstrued chapter of this American corn-
American and North Vietnamese, theme sur- xnitment and involvement, the trend toward
render of as many weapons as can feasibly withdrawal and neo-isolationism, which has
be uncovered in the villages during the pro- become the confused domestic political by-
longed cease-fires (obviously some weapons product of the conflict, does not either rep-
'will always remain hidden), the dismantling resent a practical solution or augur well for
of bases or the procedure for turning them acceptance of our unavoidable responsibili-
over to the Vietnamese, the reestablishment ties in a world that remains highly com-
of fuller trade and communication between bustible and revolutionary. The crisis of in-
North and South Viet Nam, and perhaps the decision that confronts us in Viet Nam has
selection of a date, no less than five years simply prolonged and aggravated the confu-
away, for the holding of a referendum on lion, and has made it more difficult to deal
reunification. The implementation of a with the long-term problems of creating a
Mekong Valley development program, the constructive peace in Southeast Asia. What-
benefits of which, as President Johnson has ever the risks involved, we now must face up
pledged, would extend to North Viet Nam, to the "indecisiveness" of the war and at-
could also logically be brought within the tempt, as best we can with the best elements
purview of a broad agreement that genuine- ' among the Vietnamese we can find, to reach
ly concerned itself with the future of all of a political solution for a war that has always
Southeast Asia. been e entially political. -
None of this is -meant, furthermore, to
deny or exclude considerations of power or
influence. The often stated determination of
the- United States to remain involved in
Southeast Asian affairs is one that this
TOUCH OF TRAGEDY IN ANTI-
BALLISTIC-MISSILE DEFENSE SYS-
TEM
writer strongly shares, though the commit-
ment today is confused and undefined. Such Mr. MCGEE. Mr. President, as the
involvement unavoidably requires the exist- Chicago Sun-Times said in an editorial
ence of a military shield. There would appear comment upon this Nation's decision to
to be ample reason to reapproach this matter
with a fresh set of ideas and to replace the undertake an anti-ballistic-missile de-
somewhat tarnished Southeast Asia Treaty fense system, there is a touch of tragedy
Organization (SEATO)` with something more involved. It lies in the fact that such a
acceptable to the Asians and perhaps more system, designed to guard us against
palatable to at least part of the neutral and possible attack by the unstable Chinese
unaligned, if not the communist world. To nation, can be effective in neutralizing
expect that this might become part of a the danger of nuclear holocaust but not
larger Russian-American accommodation
is to much, and is illusory or naive for the danger of continued guerrilla war-
Moscow cannot afford to renounce its own fare as practiced by Mao Tse-tung and
concept of revolutionary development and his followers.
will undoubtedly continue to project it in This is not to say that such sophisti-
competition with Peking. We cannot realistic- cated defenses are not needed. Indeed, as
ally assume anything otherwise. However, we
can operate in the hope that a peaceful can- this editorial aptly points up, the need for
test for influence in Southeast Asia, on behalf nuclear weapons and deterrents against
of nationalist development in revolutionary their use will remain with us so long as
terms, will prevail; though it would also- be the battle for men's minds and world se-
es s c
a
S
clear armory, poses no present threat to
world peace.
Sec. of Defense Robert S. McNamara, in
announcing the new ABM network, made the -
point that neither the United States nor
Russia possesses "first-strike capability."
That is, neither nation has the ability to
attack the other with nuclear weapons with-
out suffering -- lethal retaliation. Nor, in
McNamara's assessment, is either nation
likely ever to gain such an advantage.
McNamara says both Russia and the
United States are at the point where an
escalation of defenses or weaponry by either
nation would result in matching escalation
by the other. In McNamara's opinion such an
effort, which would result in the same bal-
ance of deterrence that now exists, would be
futile-although the United States is willing
to spend any amout of money and effort to
protect itself. - The unknown danger to the United States
and the world is Red China. Isolated, sus-
picious, torn by Internal dissensions, possib-
ly irresponsible, Red China and its future
actions cannot be charted. Its animosities
cannot be assessed. Its potential for destruc-
tion has been computed. McNamara said a
limited ABM defense against the Red Chinese
nuclear weapons armory would have a
"higher degree of reliability against a
Chinese attack than the much more massive
and complicated system some have recom-
mended against a possible Soviet attack."
The proposed ABM network is thus a nec-
essary effort to safeguard the future.
The tragedy of such a necessity is that a
major power can guard itself and others
against nuclear attack with the most sophis-
ticated of weapons and defense measures.
However, that same sophistication is no
deterrent to the Communist guerrilla who, as
Mao Tse-tung has said, operates as a "fish
swimming in the sea of the enemy."
The battle to neutralize the danger of nu-
clear attack can be won. The battle for men's
minds, and world security, is not won. Until
it is, the need for nuclear weapons and deter-
rents will remain.
FEDERAL BAR ASSOCIATION SUP-
PORTS DIRECT ELECTION OF THE
PRESIDENT
Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, I am pleased
to invite the Senate's attention - to the
action taken by a distinguished organiza-
tion on the question of electoral reform.
At its convention held - recently in San
Francisco, the Federal Bar Association
adopted an eight-point resolution favor-
ing an amendment to the Constitution
which would provide for the election of
the President and Vice President by a
direct, nationwide, popular vote, It is
gratifying to note that the stand taken
by the Federal Bar Association conforms
closely with the features of Senate Joint
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 Approved For Release 2006/01/30 : CIA-RDP70B0033 00030011001'
tober 6, 1967
S 14360 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- SENATE c1
Resolution 2, the constitutional amend-
ment which I* introduced on January 11,
for myself and 18 other sponsors.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the Federal Bar Association
resolution, adopted at the convention in
San Francisco, be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the reso-
lution was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
Resolved that the Federal Bar Association
hereby places itself on record as favoring an
Amendment to the Constitution of the
United States which will:
1. Provide for the election of the President
and Vice President by direct nationwide pop-
ular vote;
2. Require a candidate to obtain at least
40 per cent of the popular vote in order to
be elected President or Vice President;
3. Provide for a national run-off election
between the two top candidates in the event
no candidate receives at .least 40 per cent
of the popular vote;
4. Require the President and Vice Presi-
dent to be voted for jointly;
5. Empower Congress to determine the
day's upon which the original election and
the run-off election are to be held, which days
shall be uniform throughout the United
States;
6. Provide that the places and manner of
holding the Presidential election and the in-
elusion of the names of candidates on the
ballot shall be prescribed in each state by
the legislature thereof, with the proviso that
Congress may at anytime by law make or
alter such regulations;
7. Require that the voters for President
and Vice President in each state shall have
the qualifications requisite for persons vot-
ing for members of Congress, with the pro-
viso that each state may adopt a less re-
strictive residence requirement for voting for
President and Vice President provided that
Congress may adopt uniform age and resi-
dence requirements; and
3. Contain appropriate provisions in case
of the death of a candidate.
NATIONAL 4-H WEEK
Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, tomor-
row marks the conclusion of this year's
observance of National 4-H Week. Near-
ly 3 million members of 4-H in every
State and territory, residing in both ur-
ban and rural environs, are now under-
taking diverse new projects for the com-
ing year.
As a former member of 4-H, I know
firsthand the incalculable contributions
being made by this program emphasiz-
ing head, heart, hands, and health. It
would, I think, be very difficult to over-
state the tremendous contribution 4-H
Club activities have made over the last
five decades to rural America.
I think it is also appropriate to note,
particularly during National 4-H Week,
the increasing contribution which these
programs are making to urban young-
sters. The House Appropriations Com-
mittee, in its report on the fiscal year
1968 agricultural appropriations bill, ob-
served this fact and urged that addi-
tional funds and effort be expended for
providing additional opportunities to
underprivileged youngsters in our great
cities to participate in 4-H type youth
development projects. That report stated
that-
The wholesome effect of 4-11 club activi-
ties has been so beneficial to rural youth
that additional efforts to bring 4-H programs
to young people in the congested and de-
prived urban areas of the United States
would make an invaluable contribution to
the moral, spiritual, and economic strength
of this Nation.
I most heartily concur in the commit-
tee's recommendation.
I have, in fact, introduced legislation
in the Senate which is designed to bring
these beneficial programs to the young
people of one of our greatest cities-
Washington, D.C. At the present time,
the District of Columbia is the lone city
statutorily denied the opportunity to
participate in the activities of the Ex-
tension Service of the Agriculture De-
partment, a principle source of support
and leadership for 4-H. My proposal,
S. 2105, would eliminate this barrier to
the development of 4-H Clubs and re-
lated youth-development activities in
the District of Columbia. I am pleased
to report that the bill has received wide
support, as well as favorable attention,
by Senator JORDAN'S Subcommittee on
Agricultural Research and General Leg-
islation. I am most hopeful that S. 2105
will be reported and approved by the
Senate at an early date.
Mr. President, 4-H contributed greatly
to me as an individual. Its contribution
to the Nation as a whole is known by
every Member of the Senate. I am hon-
ored to have this opportunity to express
my personal appreciation to those mil-
lions of youngsters and adults whose co-
operative efforts over the years have
made, and continue to make, 4-H one of
America's most worthwhile organiza-
tions.
CONCLUSION OF MORNING
BUSINESS
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
further morning business? If not, morn-
ing business is closed.
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND
SPACE ADMINISTRATION APPRO-
PRIATIONS, 1968
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the Chair lay
before the Senate the unfinished busi-
ness.
The P'tESIDING OFFICER. The bill
will be stated.
The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A bill (H.R.
12474) making appropriations for
NASA for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1968, and for other purposes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection to the request of the Senator
from Montana?
There being no objection, the Senate
resumed the consideration of the bill
(H.R. 12474) making appropriations for
NASA for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1968, and for other purposes.
UNANIMOUS-CONSENT AGREEMENT
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent-and this has been
cleared all around-that there be a time
limitation on all amendments of 30 min-
utes, the time to be equally divided and
controlled by the proponent of the
amendment and the floor manager of the
bill [Mr. MAGNUSON], and 1 hour on the
bill,,to be equally divided and controlled
by the majority leader and minority
leader or whoever is designated by them.
Mr. DOMINICK. Mr. President, re-
serving an objection, I wonder if there is
going to be an opportunity for me, under
that time limitation, to make a speech of
'about 5 or 6 minutes.
Mr. MANSFIELD. There will be plenty
of time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection to the unanimous-consent re-
quest? Without objection, it is so ordered.
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, this
time will not start until after the dis-
tinguished manager of the bill, the Sen-
ator from Washington [Mr. MAGNUSON],
makes his opening remarks.
I ask unanimous consent at this tint""
that the distinguished Senator from
Colorado [Mr. DOMINICK] may have 10
minutes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, the understanding is agreed
to.
CRASH-LOCATOR BEACONS
Mr. DOMINICK. Mr. President, an ar-
ticle in the Washington Post of 3 days
ago was undoubtedly noted by many of
my distinguished colleagues with a great
deal of remorse. I refer to the report of
the diary written by 16-year-old Carla
Corbus and her mother, whose remains
were found almost 6 months after their
plane went down in the mountains of
California. I only hope the top echelon
of the Federal Aviation Administration,
who have consistently refused to require
installation of crash-locator beacons in
private aircraft, will take note of this
tragic incident. -
At this point, Mr. President, I would
like to recapitulate on some of the points
I have brought out in previous state-
ments urging requirement of crash-loca-
tor beacons. On August 7, in this Cham-
ber, I pointed out the number of fatalities
resulting from general -aviation acci-
dents, noting that 53 percent of these
fatalities have resulted from crashes oc-
curring more than 5 miles from an air-
port-only 20 percent of the total gen-
eral aviation accidents.
The costs incurred in searching for
lost aircraft have been tremendous-
$59,224,142 for search and rescue mis-
sions flown by the Air Force alone in fis-
cal 1966. I am sure no one will argue.the
justification of using taxpayers' funds
for these missions, but I do question the
refusal of the FAA to take such an urg-
ently needed step to reduce the hazards
and the expense of conducting searches
for missing aircraft. And, as so tragically
illustrated by the report of 3 days ago,
crash-locator beacons would most as-
suredly save lives.
Just 2 months ago, a plane crash in the -
Colorado mountains was the object of
a weeklong search by the Civil Air
Patrol and private citizens. I reported
in detail to the Senate on this incident
in a statement August 18. In this case,
there may not have been survivors of the
crash-a question which will never be
answered. Nevertheless, a full week was
spent by ground and air units before
the wreckage was finally found, and with
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