THE DECISION TO BUILD AN ANTI- BALLISTIC MISSILE SYSTEM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP70B00338R000300100102-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 12, 2006
• Sequence Number: 102
• Publication Date: September 19, 1967
• Content Type: OPEN

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September 19, 1967, CONC7RESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE S 13207
This conference resulted in the first pub-
lic awareness of the extent of the pollution
problem in the Calumet area, and its effect
qn Lake Michigan.
The conference set Dec. 31, 1968, as a dead-
line for a cleanup program. What is the
status of that deadline?__
Small industries in the Calumet region
say they can meet t11e deadline, said Bow-
den. All the municipalities are making
progress toward eliminating the worst of-
fenses, altho storm water overflows still
cause great quantities of raw sewage to flow
into Lake Michigan.
STEEL FIRMS ASK _ EXTENSION
During a follow-up conference held Sept.
11 in Chicago, the three major steel com-
panies asked for an extension of the dead-
line until 1972. They were given until 1970.
But what has happened since 1965, when
the steel companies agreed to start a clean-
up program?
"So far, our sampling has shown it has
gotten worse than it was in 1965;' said Bow-
den.
This was borne out, he said, by weekly
sampling runs covering 16 sampling stations
in the Indiana harbor, the harbor ?canal,
and the Grand- Calumet river.
"They are heavily infested with. wastes,"
said Bowden.
"The steel plants are expanding and pro-
ducing more. They must have sat on their
duffs quite a while -after the 1966 confer-
ence. Now, 30 months later, they're getting
their first engineering plans completed.
"These companies are buying a false -pros-
perity today at the expense of our future,"
Bowden asserted. "And they're almost guar-
anteeing that it's all going to collapse be-
cause prosperity will depend on clean water
and there isn't going to be any clean water
left."
"There is absolutely no reason for waste
pollution problems today," said Bowden. "It
is technically feasible to clean it up right
now. We have the technology. We merely
have to apply it. Industries are not doing it
because it cuts intd their profits."
Federal pollution control agents are now
wafting for the steel industries to meet their
1970 deadline, Ii they don't?
"We now have new laws and techniques
to encourage them to do their duty thru
court action," said Bowden. "We hope it
won't come to that.
"This is the first comprehensive effort to
Itiake a large industrial area correct its waste
problems. If they can tell us to go to hell
now and get away with it, they always will.
"If we are successful here, we have a
chance to be successful in other areas."
[From the Chicago Tribune, Sept. 18, 1987]
FIGHTS EASING POLLUTION BAN--MANN WILL
INTRODIICE ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION'
State Rep. Robert E. Mann [D., Chicago]
said that he will introduce today in the
General Assembly a joint House-Senate reso-
lution which opposes any extension of the
Dec. 31, 1968 deadline for water pollution
control in Lake Michigan.
United States Steel corporation in South
Chicago had requested an extension of the
deadline because of problems in its treat-
ment facilities.
TWO REVERSE THEMSELVES
John E. Egan, sanitary district board presi-
dent, and H. W. Poston, regional administra-
tor of the Federal Water Pollution Control
administration, each had agreed on the ex-
tension but reversed themselves Thursday,
saying that the steel corporation must have
its pollution control program working by the
original deadline.
Mann commended THE TRIBUNE'S current
series of articles on water pollution in the
Great Lakes for informing the public about
a "critical" problem.
LAKE'S SURVIVAL NECESSARY
"The survival of Lake Michigan must take
precedence over private interests," Mann said.
"The tremendous strides which have been
made with regard to the scientific treatment
oi' polluted water convince me that if an
herculean effort is made the deadline can
be met.
"Lake Michigan is our state's greatest asset
and while it may be true that Indiana and
Wisconsin are the principal sources of pol-
lutants affecting Lake Michigan, Illinois has
the greatest stake in a 1lealthy and viable
lake.
EXPRESSION OF PEOPLE
"If 'the resolution passes, it will be a clear
expression of the people of Alinois, thru their
elected representatives, .that private inter-
ests-as important and significant as they are
t the economic health of the state-must
b$ subordinated to the future well-being of
Lake Michigan. It seems to me shartsigh.ted
for Sndustry to plead economic factors as the
reason for the suggested extension when the
lake has been the vehicle by which commerce
has facilitated and extended the growtll of
industry."
[From the Chicago Tribune, Sept. 18, 1967]
BAKE MICHIGAN INHERITS POISON OF A DYING
RIVER
(NOTE.-Tribune reporters have visited
cities on the shares of Lake Erie to report
h.ow pollution has .brought death to .ono of
the Great Lakes. Now the report focuses on
conditions that threaten Lake Michigan, a
priceless asset to Chicagoland.)
(By William Janes)
RACINE, WIS.,- September 17.-Dismally
large amounts of polluting wastes are being
dumped in the tiny Root river on its journey
to Lake Michigan.
For years, this 25-mile waterway, which
meanders from Milwaukee county to enter
the lake here, was of interest only to those
who worked and lived along its shores. It is
too shallow in many placba Par motorboats.
And so narrow in others that it resembles
a. creek.
Yet the combined problem of spring floods
a.nd the stench of its waters finally forced
man to take a look at his devades of destruc-
tive ignorance. What he found was another
reason why Lake Michigan is sick and large
sections of the Root river are dead.
WASTES DUMPED IN RIVER
"The river system is presently being used
principally for the transportation and as-
similation of treated and untreated domestic
a,nd industrial wastes," according to a study
completed last year by the Southeastern Wis-
consin Regional Planning commission. While
pointing out that in same sections the river
still provides recreation areas, the study con-
cludes that "these uses are not completely
compatible."
Highly incompatible, an observer con-
cludes, when a duck farm that processes
Hundreds of thousands of birds annually is
ordered to provide greater treatment of its
wash water before it enters the river. At one
time, according to the commission, pollution
from this source alone was equivalent to the
raw sewage of 14,000 persons.
Farmers along the Rout learned years ago
ghat the river has turned against man. They
fenced the river to prevent their cattle from
drinking the water.
-REACHES 100 PERCENT EFFLUENT
"During low-water months, the .flow of
parts of the river is 100 per cent effluent," said
Lawrence Wright, chief resource planner for
the commission. "Our study recommended
the entire removal of several municipal sew-
age systems that are major pollutants. Our
conclusions have not been very effective,
however, and nothing has been done."
Another phase of the commission's study
included the sampling of water less than two
miles from where the river enters Lake Mich-
igan here. At this point, Wright pointed out,
lake and river water begin to mix, which they
should to dilute the concentrated pollutants
in the river. Wright's conclusion:
"The condition of the water in every re-
spect at this point is poor-there is no ques-
tion about its dangerous and detrimental
effect on Lake Michigan."
The commission's findings also serve to
underline a recent statement by Wisconsin's
Gov. Warren Knowles.
PROBLEM'S "COLOR": GREEN
"The color of the problem is green," said
Knowles, who may have had the cost of
cleaning up the route in mind. The commis-
sion has estimated that it will cost 15 million
dollars to restore only a portion of the sick
river. This amounts to $600,000 for every
mile of a rotatively small waterway.
"Cleanup should be right now," says James
Wren-Jarvis, regional director of the state
department of natural resources. "But the
enforcement pracedul?es do not work that
way. Our department must now go out and
promote. It will be a question of time."
In stark contrast is the prospect of a
deteriorating Lake Michigan. If it ever
reaches the ..condition of the Root or hun-
dreds of other polluted waterways the dam-
age will be irreversible, according to water
experts. No amount of money or public in-
dignation, however large, will be able to
restore it. There will be no question of time.
It will be gone for all time.
POLLUTION A THREAT TO
AMERICA'S LAKES
Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, I, too,
am most interested in the recent series
of articles published in the Chicago
Tribune concerning the pollution of
Lake Erie, articles just placed in the
RECORD by the minority leader, the dis-
tinguished Senator from Illinois [Mr.
DIRKSEN ~ .
Lake Erie is suffering a plight that is
increasingly afliicting the Nation's lakes,
both large and small. For generations,
our closed bodies of water have been used
as dumping grounds for manmade refuse.
Now we are confronting the consequences
of indifference and carelessness.
Along with thousands of smaller lakes
in my State, Lake Michigan has been
undergoing similar threats to its eco-
nomic and recreational. value. Effective
action at all levels of government, as well
as action by private users, is required to
protect what remains and to rehabili-
tate this scarred natural resource.
THE~EO SION TO BUILD AN ANTI-
- BALLISTIC MISSILE SYSTEM
Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. President, yes-
terday the decision to build an anti-
ballistic missile system. was annoynced
by Secretary of Defense McNamara. I
indicated my support of this decision
shortly after Secretary McNamara's an-
nouncement. Under present world cir-
cumstances, we have no choice but to go
ahead with an antiballistic missile
system.
Regretfully, we have been unsuccessful
in reaching an agreement with the Soviet
Union on the depolyment of antiballistic
missile systems. This factor and the
emerging nuclear threat of Red China
make it necessary that we go ahead with
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S 13208
CONGRESSIONAL RECORTS -? SENATE ~ September 19, 1967
system, and other programs needed to
preserve and maintain our Nation's pri-
macy in a turbulent world.
We must insure that our progress in
space is not inhibited nor deterx?ed by
any shift in budget allocations which
may result from the decision on the de-
velopment of an ABM system. I believe
that our Nation's objectives must include
and our economy can sustain a vigorous
space program and at the same time
provide for the cost of an ABM system.
I strongly believe that we should tighten
our belts and proceed with both our space
and the ABM programs.
There should be no slackening of our
programs in space. We should and must
be the first to reach the moon. This
phase of our space effort cannot be our
ultimate objective. Reaching the moon
can only be viewed as a step in a dynamic
new world. Our objective must go beyond
the initial exploration of the moon. Here
is where vision is vitally needed. We can-
notput off developing the technolot;Y and
hardware we need for 'the ultimate lead-
ership in space. One specific area in
which there is no scientific disagreement
fs the need to develop the ability to use..
nuclear energy in space. For meaningful
leadership in space there is no alterna-
tive to nuclear energy. One of our
nuclear energy development efforts which
is being considered by same for sacrifice
is the nuclear propulsion rocket program.
Here is a program our scientists have,
over the past Pew years, been outstancl-
fngly successful in. We have already run
rocket power reactor experiments on the
ground which have met or exceeded our
performance objectives. We cannot af-
ford to cut back or delay our progress in
this field. I am very concerned that if
we even place the nuclear rocket pro-
gram in a "hold" position for. a short
while we will never regain our position
in this vital field.. As I have said before,
this takes vision. We must provide this
vision by supporting our efforts in our
nuclear rocket program.
The United States faces many difficult
days. Our country is threatened from
without and has growing pains from
within. We must proceed in a logical and
orderly way to insure that our Nation
continues to maintain its primacy in
the world. Our Nation's security will be
strengthened by an effective ABM sys-
tem. Supremacy in space, which will
come about from the. very important de-
velopment programs which are lmder-
way, has every indication of increasing
the strength of our Nation-and perhaps
our efforts on the space frontier will lead
us to the one goal that now seems so
distant-peace.
In connection with Secretary McNa-
mara's decision to proceed with develop-
ment of a "thin antiballistic missile sys-
tem" Iwould like to pay tribute to the
faresight.of the distinguished senior Sen-
ator from Rhode Island CMr. PASTOREI
on assuming the chairmanship of the
Joint Committee for the 90th Congress.
Last January, Senator PAST6RE began
holding hearings in executive session on
the nuclear capability of Red China.
These hearings resulted in a joint com-
mittee print published in July exititled
"Impact of Chinese Communist Nuclear
Weapons Progress an U.S. National
Security."
On September 9, in a major policy
speech at the launching of the Navy's
latest nuclear submarine the Narwhal
in Groton, Conn., Senator PASTORE called
for "full speed ahead" on building an
antiballistic missile system. The full text
of his incisive and lucid argument for
the development of an antiballistic mis-
sile system deserves the attention of Con-
gress and the American people. I con-
gratulate Senator PASTORE on his state-
ment-and ask unanimous consent that
his speech of September 9 be printed in
the RECORD.
There being no objection, the speech
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
REMARKS OF U.S. SENATOR JOHN O. PASTORS
AT THE LAUNCHING OF T_HE NUCLEAR SUB-
MARINE "NARWHAL" IN GROTON, CONK?
SEPTEMBER 9, 1967
I have come- to this day and moment with
pride-pride in the workers whose skills
have made this splendid nuclear submarine
possible. '
Pride in the nobility of purpose of the
crew-men of courage who will guide this
ship through the silent depths of the ocean
-alone and unafraid.
This ceremony which marks the launch-
ing of the Narwhal, the SSN671, is a mile-
stone in the annals o1 our submarine history.
Just thirteen short years ago the world's first
nuclear submarine, the Nautilus, designated
SSN671, was launched from this same ship-
yard. Here we are a hundred submarines
later, and of these, ninety-two have been
nuclear powered. Only men of great foresight
would have envisioned this tremendous ac-
complishment.
I can think of no other important tech-
nological advancement which has progressed
as rapidly as has the use of nuclear propul-
sion for naval vessels.
It was not too long ago from this ship-
yard that the forty-first and last Polaris
missile firing submarine was launched,
marking the completion of this program.
There is little doubt that the Polaris sub-
marine represents our most formidable de-
terrent to an all-out war.
I must say that these achievements would,
not have taken place except for the per-
sistent and aggressive support of the Joint
Committee on Atomic Energy-with the help
of Admiral Rickover and his associates-and
I would want you ail to know further. that
if world conditions persist Sn the way thep
are today, the Joint Committee expects to
see many more nuclear submarines launched
from these and other ways throughout this
great Nation.
Now, however, we have come to the cross-
roads in the development of nuclear-po~w-
ered submarines. With the present author-
ized Polaris program completed, ive must
give serious consideration to a further ex-
pansion of this program and we must in-.
tensify our efforts to develop new and more
advanced nuclear attack submarines to meet
the expanding challenge of Soviet naval
power and the new Chinese threat. I also
believe that we should .actively pursue the
replacement of all our conventional sub-
marines with nuclear submarines of ad-
vanced design. .
We have developed an irreplaceable reser-
voir of highly skilled men, such as I see
before me today, who have been largely
responsible for the clear supremacy the
United States holds over any nation in the
world in the development of nuclear sub-
marines. Many of you workers, I might add,
are friends from Rhode Island who journey
here each day to join in this great endeavor
to strengthen our national security.
an antiballistic system for reasons of
national security.
In his state of the Union message,
President Johnson on January 1, 1967,
stated:
We have the solemn duty to slow down
the arms race between us, if that is at all
possible, fn both conventional and nuclear
weapons and defenses ... I realize that an
additional race would impose on our people
and on all mankind, for that matter, an ad-
ditional waste of resources with no gain in
security to either side.
I read those phrases as a strong af-
firmation of .the President's decision to
communicate to the Soviet Union that
the United States desired to call a halt to
the ABM race. I can only conclude from
Mr. McNamara's announcement yester-
day that the Soviet Union has refused
to sit down as reasonable men and ne-
gotiate an a reduction of ASM systems.
Such a step would have benefited the
United States, the Soviet Union, and
mankind.
The emergence of Red China as a nu-
clear threat also had to be considered in
reaching the decision. As indicated in
the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy
July report; Red China is developing a
nuclear and missile delivery capability
which will shortly collstitute a threat to
our security.
I believe that the Soviet Union has
proceeded to build and deploy one and
probably two ABM systems-a decision
that until yesterday the United States
haS refrained from making. I regret that
we could not reach agreement, but un-
der the circumstances, I applaud the de-
cision to go ahead with the building of
an ABM system,
In proceeding with this step, I fully
appreciate the additional financial com-
mitment we assume. The decision has
been made that we need an antiballistic
missile system. This Nation can afford
to pay for all its needs whether they are
in the field of national defense or other
vital fields essential to the maintenance
of our position of preeminence.
There are atller needs vital to the
maintenance of our position of leader-
ship which to some are not as readily
apparent as those immediately related
to our national security. These needs,
since they are not directly-or at least
not obviously-connected with our na-
tional security, are at times overlooked.
There have been and undoubtedly will be
additional shortsighted moves to sacri-
fice the support of-other national needs
based upon our assumption of the bur-
den of an ABM system. We must guard
against such moves. One specific area I
have in mind concerns our Nation's
space program. Space is a new frontier
which any nation of preeminence must
pioneer. It is a technical challenge second
to none, and the mantle of world leader-
ship will be worn by the nation which is
first in space. Man's security and free-
dom will depend on the nation which
leads in space. Our Nation leads at the
dawn of the space age. Our Nation can
and must forge ahead to assure leader-
ship in space far the future. As a nation
with a gross national product of about
$75b billion a year, we can afford to as-
sume the burden of all of our needs-in
space, in Vietnam, in building an ABM
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September .l 9, Y 967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORI3 -SENATE
We should insure that the great skills
and capabilities of the men who dQsign and
build our nuclear warships should not be
dissipated.
But this is only one aspect of the con-
tinuing fight for American nuclear propul-
sion supremacy.
The nuclear-powered aircraft carrier En-
terprise has lust-returned from its second
deployment in action off Vietnam. The En-
terprise has proven so effective in battle in
Vietnam that the Secretary of Defense re-
quested a new nuclear-powered carrier in
last year's defense bill and has told Con-
gress that he intends to ask for one more
next year and another in a future year.
The nuclear-powered carrier approved by
Congress last year has been named the
Nimitz after the late Fleet Admiral Chester
W. Nimitz, You might be interested to know
that about fifty-five years .ago Lieutenant
Nimitz was Commanding Ofncer of the first
United States submarine Narwhal, the
predecessor of the nuclear submarine we
are launching today.
The Joint Committee on Atomic Energy
is proud of the active role it has takenand~
is taking to bring into being a Nuclear
Navy.
Our reward has been to see the Polaris
nuclear submarine emerge as our first line
of defense-and the Eaiterprise and its nu-
clear escort vessels perform admirably in
support of our limited oblectlves in the
Vietnam conflict.
The world into which the Narwhal will
sail is a world of conflict and contradictions.
We are engaged in a military struggle
against the forces of communism in South-
east Asia. At the same time we are working
with communist nations at Geneva to pro-
duce a treaty banning the spread of nuclear
weapons-a treaty which will lessen ,the
possibility of a nuclear holocaust.
Our hopes and prayers are for a non-
proliferation treaty and agreements-agree-
ments to halt the arms race-and, indeed,
agreexrients to eliminate all conflicts.
But we must understand military power
and constantly be aware of the capabilities
of our potential enemies. We must stay 1n
tune with changing events.
A dramatic and upsetting event has recent-
ly taken place in the Far East. In less than
three years Red China has become, not only
a nuclear power-but a thermonuclear
power.
I suggest that they have made amazing
and astonishing progress in this brief span
of time. Their accomplishments in the field
of nuclear weaponry are all the more sig-
nificant because the internal strife within
China has apparently had little or no effect
on their nuclear and missile programs. In
light of these factors, it appears that Com-
munist China presents aclear-cut threat to
the tree world.
At the beginning of the 90th Congress, as
Chairman of the,Joint Committee, I initiated
hearings on Red China's nuclear capability.
One of the most significant findings con-
tained in the Joint Committee report that
followed was the statement based on CIA
.and Defense Department testimony that
" .The Chinese probably will achieve an
operational ICBM capability before 1972.
Conceivably, it could be ready as early as
1970-1971.>,
Add to this new threat the fact that the
Soviet Union's offensive nuclear striking
power is increasing in comparison to our
own-while at the same time they are de-
ploying one and probably two anti-ballistic
missile systems to defend their country-
which we are not doing-I repeat-which we
are not doing.
While for the moment we can find com-
fort and a certain amount of security in the
ideological schism that- exists between Red
China and the Soviet Union, we cannot dis-
count the possibility that this breach could
be healed and thereby greatly affect the bal-
ance of nuclear power in the world.
Which brings me to the important point
that I want to make here today, and that is
this-that the time has come for ua to give
serious and urgent thought to a reappraisal
of our defense posture.
4Ve cannot live in a world of atomic energy
anti discount completely the possibility of
"surprise attack" on our Nation.
7.'he Senate has lust recently approved a
budget of over seventy billion dollars for
defense, the largest single appropriations bill
in our history- and yet we have no effective
anti-ballistic missile system.
I realize the cost to do this is high-bi-
deed staggering-however, if we can afford
to spend twenty-four billion dollars a year
in defense of a neighbor, and I mean Viet-
nam, we can certainly spend as much to in-
sure the life and security of our American
sot?tety.
Our offensive weapons are second to none-
bui; it has been our announced and continu-
ing policy for generations never to strike
first.
Today-in effect-we are asking the Amer-
ican people to be prepared to accept near
nuclear annihilation because our strategy
calls for absorbing the first nueleax strike.
We are not an aggressive people. We do not
covet other nations' territory. We only ask
that those who desire to be free-stay free.
I merely point out that we must be as strong
in defense to preserve our society as we must
be strong 1n offense to discourage and deter
an attaok.
With all our offensive power, our defense
posture could be our Achilles' heel.
We cannot sit back and let ourselves be
lulled into a sense of false security, relying
only on the hope that fear of retaliation will
deter potential aggressors.
Development of an ABM system 1s, I re-
peat, extremely expensive but, indeed, neces-
sary. In this kind of a world, the alternatives
are few.
The security of our Gauntry-the ultimate
in its defence-deserves, the highest national
priority.
A.n affluent America-with so much to
lose-must not face this mortal challenge
Gheapiy.
V/e should move full speed ahead on build-
ing an anti-ballistic missile system. In this
connection, I am happy to say that Senator
Henry M. Jackson of Washington; Ghair-
man of the Subcommittee an Military Ap-
plication of the Joint Committee on Atomic
Energy, and one of the Senate's leading ex-
perta on military affairs, will soon hold
hearings on the ABM question.
T'he Joint Committee on Atomic Energy
will. pursue the development of an ABM sys-
tem with the same vigor that it pressed far
th@ development of the H-Bomb and ottr
first nuclear submarine, the Nautilus.
Both endeavors were successful and greatly
Increased the security of this great Nation.
This new submarine, the Narwhal, repro--
aents another link in the chain of undersea
security so necessary in this turbulent world.
It is into this difncult and dangerous world
that you~the officers and men of the Nar-
whal-will soon sail.
Y"our task is vital to our security.
Your mission will be difficult.
Your dedication is unsurpassed and our
pride in you is unbounded.
Mr. PASTORE. I thank the distin-
guished Senator from New Mexico. Mr.
President, the United States fs secon.d to
none as a nuclear power. We have a nu-
clear weapon stockpile and delivery sys-
tems, which guarantee that any Nation
foolhardy enough to attempt a nuclear
attack upon us, will be utterly and com-
pletely destroyed.
S 13269
In both Republican and Democratic
administrations it has been the an-
nounced policy of the United States that
our nuclear strategic weapons will not be
used an a first strike. The United States
has made it clear to the world-to friend
and foe alike-that our ICBM's and stra-
tegic bombers axe for the purposes of de-
terring war; that we are prepared to, and
are capable of, absorbing a first strike
and thereafter retaliating with a force
sufficient to utterly destroy the attacking
Nation.
Notwithstanding our capability to ab-
sorb a first strike and successfully coun-
ter with our own nuclear missiles, any
nuclear attack on the United States will
cause great destruction of property and,
more important, .the death of untold
numbers of people. It is for this reason
that many of us have believed it essen-
tial that an effective antiballistic missile
system should be developed and deployed
within the Unltod States. It is for this
reason that many of us in the Congress
have for a number of years supported
the necessary research and development
work to develop an antiballistic missile
system. President Johnson and the De-
fense Department far a number of years
have recommended development of an
antiballistic missile system..
Mr. President, I was pleased by the
announcement yesterday of Secretary of
Defense Robert S. McNamara of the
decision to move ahead with deployment
of the ABM. I was particularly pleased
because, together with. other members'
of the Joint Committee on Atomic En-
ergy, Ifor some time have believed it
essential that we move full speed ahead
on building an anti-ballistic-missile
system.
The Joint Committee on Atomic
Energy has .held extensive hearings in
executive session on the Chinese nuclear
weapon capabilities. One of the most sip-
' nificant findings set forth in the Joint
Committee on Atomic Energy report,
issued July 19, 1967, was that:
The Chinese probably will achieve an op-
erational ICBM capability before 1972. Con-
ceivably, it could be ready as early as
1970-1971.
As I have previously pointed out, we
cannot live in a world of atomic energy
and discount completely the possibility
of "surprise attack" on our Nation; We
must be prepared during the 1970's to
protect our citizens from an irrational
nuclear attack from the Chinese Com-
munists. We cannot-we should not-sit
bwck and let ourselves be lulled into a
feeling of false security. We should riot-
we cannot-rely on hope that the fear of
retaliation will deter potential aggres-
sors. We must be prepared for possible ir-
rational action on the part of those na-
tions who have already demonstrated
their irrational conduct in dealings with
not only other nations but even with
their-own people. As I have also pointed
out in the past, if we can afford to spend
$24 billion a year to defend an ally-
to protect South Vietnam from Commu-
nist aggression-we certainly can afford
an effective anti-ballistic-missile system
to protect the lives of our own people.
I .applaud President Johnson and Sec-
retary McNamara for supporting, during
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S 13210
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE September 19, 1967
the past several years, the necessary
research and development efforts re-
quired to make possible the decision alld
for having decided in favor of an ABM
deployment. '
Mr. JACKSON. Mr. President, I com-
mend President Johnson for his decision
to move ahead immediately on a "thin"
ABM defense system. The funds to initi-
ate production and deployment are in
the budget and have been approved by
the Congress. Secretary McNamara's
statement today assures release of the
money.
The Atomic Military Applications Sub-
committee, which I chair, will hold pub-
lic and executive hearings in October on
ABM defense and the problem of deter-
rence.
The President's decision points up the
growing problem of strategic weapons
and deterrence for the years ahead. Red
China will have the capability to deploy
ICBM's in the early 1970'x. The Soviets
have started deployment of an ABM de-
fense and, according to published infor-
mation, have increased by 50 percent in
1 year the number of their operational
ICBM's. Despite the appealing notion
that technology stands on a "plateau"
and that the "scientific military revolu-
tion" has been "stabilized," in fact mis-
sile technology is advancing in almost
all fields of offense and defense-pay-
load, accuracy, guidance, maneuverabil-
ity, and multiple warheads.
In matters affecting the East-West nu-
clear balance safety first should b~ the
rulE:. Deterrence depends not only on
forces in being; it also depends on tlae
state of mind and will of the contestanfs.
An ABM defense in Soviet hands lends
itself superbly to blufRng and blackmail.
Would an undefended United States
maintain its resolve to act strongly if a
defended U.S.S.R. appeared willing 'to
risk a move against Berlin or any part
of Western Europe? As the Soviet
planners "war game" with the forces of
the 1970's they are certainly asking
themselves that type of question. It is the
kind of question we need to ask ourselves.
GASOLINE PRICE INCREASES
Mr. HANSEN, Mr. President, the July-
August 1967 issue of The Drilling Con-
tractor, the magazine published by the
American- Association of Oilwell Drilling
Contractors, contains an important
statement by R. J.-Moran, president of
the American Association oP Oilwell
Drilling Contractors, with respect to gas-
oline price increases.
A constituent of mine, R. W. Stubbs,
of Moorcroft, Wyo., has called the article
to my attention, and I wish to share it
with other Senators..
I ask unanimous consent that it be
printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the state-
ment was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, aS fO110WS:
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE
For the second time withirn a scant period
of just five months, Gardner Ackley, Chair-
man of the President's~Council of Economic
Advisers, has admonished the U.S. petroleum
industry to avoid gasoline price increases.
In addressing the National Petroleum Coun-
cil on July 13, Mr. Ackley urged oil companies,
to absorb the increased cost oP?supplying
Western Europe due tq partial disruption o3
Middle East and North Africa shipments.
As usual In instances of this nature, the
statement by a government official was
widely published in the press. In his disserta_
tion, Mr. Ackley asserted that the service sta-
tion price for gasoline, exclusive of taxes, had
risen 12%, or 2i/y cents per gallon, since
1964.
It was not fair, or quite honest, of Mr.
Ackley to single out 1964 as the basis for com-
parison. This gave the general public an
erroneous picture of substantial gasoline
price advances. It did not present a true pic-
ture because Mr. Ackley did not tell the
public that gasoline prices in 1964 were ab-
normally depressed to the lowest level since
1948, or during the last 18 years.
Mr. Ackley also neglected to mention that,
in contrast with 1984 service station price
of 19.98 cents per gallon, over th.e last 18
years gasoline prices were in the 20-cent
per gallon range during 9 years; were in the
21-cent per gallon range during 7 years; and
in the 22-cent per gallon range in 19b7 and
so far in 1967. In addition to the foregoing
facts, Lt would have been easy for Mr. Ackley
to have mentioned that gasoline prices today
are just 2x/4 cents per gallon (about 10 per-
cent) higher than in 1949, and only one-
quarter of a cent above 1967 levels.
It would have been a whole lot i:airer and
more ethical for Mr. Ackley to have given
the consuming public all the facts, than to
have erroneously indicted an industry which
is due so much credit for the way it has held
its retail prices in line. Very few other in-
dustries can match petroleum's record.
RECORD OF THE FARMERS HOME
ADMINISTRATION IN SOUTH DA-
KOTA
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, few of
us, I believe, realize how important the
operation of the Farmers Home Admin-
istration is to the farmers of rural Amer-
ica. Ihave asked South- Dakota's State
director, Arlo Swanson, an exceptionally
vigorous and able administrator, t0 pre-
pare for me a compilation showing the
recent activities of the administration
in South Dakota, together with a com-
posite score from the inception of the
administration in 1946 through Decem-
ber 1966. Of particular concel?n to me is
the fact that the interest earned and
collected is 45.3 times greater than the
losses or writeoffs. Put another way, the
Government has collected in South Da-
kota since 1946 $27,288,286, while suf-
fering principal writeoffs and judgments
in the amount of $601,881. In many areas
of FHA authority, there has never been
a single dollar of writeoff in the loss
column.
I feel that this impressive record
should be of interest to other Senators
and ask unanimous consent that the
record of the South .Dakota Farmers
Home 'Administration program be
printed in the RECOeD.
There being no objection, th.e letter
and 1?eport were ordered to be printed in
trie RECORD, as follows:
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
- FARMERS HOME ADMINISTRATION,
Huron, S. Dak., September 14, Y967.
HOn. GEORGE MCGOVERN,
U.S. Senator,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR GEORGE: Regarding your request for
information of the loan activity of this
agency in South Dakota pertaining to the
dollars advanced and loans made in the
various loan programs, the attached chart
will give you the activity fmm the inception
of the program through December 31, 1986.
The fatal interest earned and collected is
46.3 times greater than the writeoffs.
The foLlawing Ls a report on the activity
in the State during the past -fiscal year-
July. 1, 1988 through June 30, 1987:
Operating_________________________
2,416
811,996,269
Emergency________________________
360
1,013,150
Economic opportunity, individual____
215
485,530
Rural housing______________ ______
522
4,120,fi10
Rural rental housing
_______j______
7
127,950
;
Soil and water, individuaL___'______
22
181, 530
Farm ownership___________________
655
15,557,fi60
Ecanomicoppportunity,ceoperative___
13
95,820
Association developmentgrants_____
7
244,370
Soil and water, association__________
38
3,74D,890
Sewer and water planning grants____
2
26,190
Total_______________________
4,259
37,589,989
The total loans advanced during the 1967
fiscal year amounted to $37,872,279, serving
some 54,000 South Dakota farm and rural
people. This compares with $10,000,000
loaned through the Farmers Home Adminis-
tration in South Dakota during 1981. A total
of $107,747,400 has been loaned out to South
Dakota farmers and rural residents during
the past six years.
The total applications on hand as of Au-
gust 31 were as follows:
Operating and emergency___________ 98
Farm ownership_____________________ 471
Soil and water, individual__________ 12
Rural housing_______________________ 389
Senior citizen housing_______________ 7
Rural rental housing________________ 10
Labor housing______________________ 1
Domestic water_____________________ 71
Waste disposal______________________ 8
Combination of water and sewer____ 18
Grazing associations_________________ 23
Rural recreation____________________ 12
Domestic water development grants__ it
Waste disposal grants________________ 7
Comprehensive area sewer and water
planning grants___________________ 8
Watershed and flood prevention______ 4
Economic opportunity, individual____ 59
Economic opportunity, cooperatives__ 6
Resource conservation and
development______________________ 4
Total applications on hand as
of Aug. 31, 1987______:_____ 1, 213
The outstanding caseload by types of loans
as of June 30, 1967 showing our loan and
technical assistance to farmers, ranchers and
rural residents is as follows:
Operating loans_____________________
2,952
Farm ownership loans_______________
2,819
Rural housing loans__;:______________
1,873
Soil and-water inddvidual loans_______
.111
Emergency Laans____________________
408
Economic opportunity loans_________
406
Grazing Association loans serving 380
farm and ranch families___________
63
Water and/ar sewer facility leans and
grants serving 2,263 rural familles__
19
Recreation facility loans wLth 2,786
rural .members____________________
16
Economic Opportunity Cooperative As-
s~ciation loans serving 147 farm,
ranch and rural families___________
25
Resource Conservation and Develop-
ment loans serving 25 farmers______
3
Camprehex16rive planning grants-one
to Turner County and one to Fa11
River-Shannon Caunties___________
2
Seliiar Citizen ar Rural Rental Hous-
ing loans with 67 rental unLts______
11
Very sincerely,
(Attachment. )
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