CONSULTANT SAID HE GOT CARTER PAPERS, GOP AIDE TELLS FBI

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP91-00901R000400070001-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 43
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 14, 2005
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: September 30, 1983
• Content Type: NSPR

STATl
ARTICLE APP, p rued For Release 2 Ip~ p91
aer 4 _P_ aP~~~~r~ of "FUSI'
ON
. 30 September 1983
Consultant Said He of rtes
By Martin Schram and Bob Woodward
W.I.S11419tnn Post Staff Writers
A Republican congressional aide has told the, FBI that
Paul Corbin, a political consitlt.ant'withold-tine Kennedy
connections,- claimed last spring -that he had obtained ? `
President Carter's briefing papers for 'the 1980 Presiden-
tial debate?and had given them to Ronald Reagan'&cam . '
paign manager, William J. Casey
Tim Wyngaard, -executive director-:of the House Re=
publican Policy Committee; '-has -told. FBI investigators
that Corbin made that claim to him in a ,telephone con-
versation last April-about six weeks before. the debate
papers controversy became public..
Casey emphatically denied in an interview this week
that he had received any. Carter debate briefing material from Corbin or anyone -else. "1 never knew this material
was in the campaign," said Casey, who is the director of
the CIA. `... It's totally false,"-Casey added.
Casey said confusion about Corbin 4nav have arisen
because ?Cirbin'did provide Casey. with.a six-page memo
from a New York lawyer outlining possible statements
Reagan, might make in the October, 1980, debate with
Carter in Cleveland.
Casey said he is a friend '4)f Corbin'_s and authorized
the Reagan-Bush Conimittee to pay Corbin $2,860 for I
expenses for what Casey said was routine campaign work
in Florida in the fall of 1980. . , ~- _ :
Officials involved in the FBI investigation of how Car-
ter campaign papers came into the possession of the Rea-
gan campaign view Wyngaard's version of the Corbin
coflversation as potentially sigxiti-I`icant because it is the
first evidence that someone-voaee knowledge about the
Carter debate papers the episode was first men
tioned.an the media. .O6e`4nvestigative source cautioned,
however, that its acc'unccy. may turn out to be `unprov-
.
able."
Corbin ded1 n to respond to reporters' inquiries. But
associates of his said he denies ever obtaining the Carter..
`:briefing papers or making such a claim to Wyngaard.
"Curhin's. alleged claim to the..,congr?essional aidehas..
been known to the WhiteHouse=+since last June, and has.
figured in the dispute between Casey and White House
chief of staff' .James A. Baker III -over which top Reagan
campaign' official first received the Carter briefing pa-
pers. Baker says he got the. Carter -papers from Casey;
Casey.says he never sawthem
On June 24, Corbin's alleged claiin was relayed-`-to
Baker. by Wyngaard's boss; -Republican Policy -Commit-
tee. Chairman Dick Cheney 413-Wyo.). .Baker then dis- -
.cussedit with Casey, s-
. T /
A tt?r=?aas disciussion with 'A6Ve71; =Caseytcitd ' middle
leve...White House official who-is-;also a-confidant; that he
was-considering `changing his original denial that .he 'had
rie"ver+received the 'Carter
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 ARTICLE APPEARED Approved For ReleasO 1/?AA-RDP91-
ON PAGE 29 September 1983
tributed to. C.IA. officials cast doubts
on the war record and professional
status of Mr. 'Demerracopoulos, who
came to the United States after the
rightist military coup in Greece in 1967.
'What the Article Said
T'he'. article said , C.IA. records
showed that :Mr. Demetracopoulos of-
fered his services to the C.I.A. .and
.
Allegations Against Greek Refuted by C.I.A.
NewTv&'rimes
WASHINGTON, Sept. 28 -vA Greek
,journalist, accused by American offi-
-na1- in 1971 of misrepresenting his war
arecard and of working for foreign intel-
?_ligence services, has made public a
,Dew Central Intelligence Agency re
:view of his case that refutes the allega-
:tions against him.
The charges against the journalist,
.-Elias P. Demetracopoulos, appeared in
.an article in The New York Times in
}December 1471.
Mr. Demetra os, who-Works for
rot
n
ce serv
I? c,
ce
asserts that despite 'what C.I.A. offi-
cials told The Times in 1977, there is
nothing in the agency's files to support
#be allegations. -
-`This has been a long battle back and
forth, but at this juncture I'm satin
fled," said Mr. DemetraMpoulos, who
is also an economic and political con-
sultant for the New York stockbroker
concern, Brimberg &Company. - '
The dispute arose after The Times
published an article on Dec. 6, 1977, in
which statements and records at
- t - -
news.
The counsel's report . cited a 1975
C.LA. internal memorandum that Mr.
.DemetracopouloS obtained ..in early
1977. through the Freedom of informs.-
tion Act and said Its own review had un-
covered no unauthorized disclosures to
The New York Times by agency per-
sonnel and no evidence-to refute this
United States Army intelligence in 1951 ] part of the memorandum, -which , -
abtrt."vas refused, and that'in'the 19950's .ferred-toMr.Demetracopoulos:
.be was associated with both the W 'ugo-1 :..,, Therare no hard' facts' rn ,the"
slavand Israeli intelligence agencies.
ionto show that he-has worked for.
The article also quoted an tmudeati- ;
fled c.1-A. official as saying.the Greek government against the in-
e
e
f G
m
re
c
(or
e,;; a
o evide?o ; terests o
at .
atter -
had .
i
-- - i
against the rvazrs= sreece. n
Kelligence service," the memorandum
The ? C.I.A. memorandum, issued :said... w.
Aug: 10 by the agency's Office of Gen-1 -
era] Counsel, was prepared in response
to inquiries on Mr. Demetracopoulos's
behalf by, among others,..Representa-.
tiveWyche Fowler Jr., chairman of the.
House rin ell' ence committee's Sub-
committee on Oversight and Evalua-
tion, responding to efforts .by -Mr.
Demetracopoulos to -have ,the-'C.I.A.
clear his reputation. . ' . .
_,As late as 1981 the Director-of-Central
Intelligence, William J. Casey, said the
agency -would maintain its longstand-
ing policy of neither -denying nor con-
firming allegations appearing in -the
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 WASHINGTON
Approved For Release 2005./ 11 J: ~P9~ 8~'IR
28 September 1983
WASHINGTON WINDOW; WATT FRUSTRATES THE SENATE
BY STEVE GERSTEL
Interior Secretary James Watt's most recent off-the-cuff disaster --
black, a woman, two Jews and a cripple' - deeply disgusted many, many senators.
Mixed in with the revulsion was a frustration born from their inability to do
anything.
True, many expressed themselves in the strongest possible terms, rushing from
the Senate chamber to the television galleries in their haste to be heard.
The peak of their power in the Watts affair came with the demands that the
loose-lipped conservative resign or, barring that, President Reagan fire him.
But the debacle renewed talk, probably wistful, that, at the least, members
of the Cabinet return for a second confirmation hearing if Reagan should win .a
second term in November 1984.
The idea not new with him -- was raised again by Senate Democratic leader
Robert Byrd the day after Watt made what even he concedes was a ''mistake."
Byrd told reporters ''Cabinet members ought to come back'' and opined that
such a requirement might make them watch their words with more care.
''They would be less inclined to make abhorrent statements like that, '' Byrd
said.
Even assistant Senate Republican leader Ted Stevens, a friend of Watt's who
tried to excuse the blunder, said the idea of a new confirmation at the start of
a second term was "intriguing. "
Asked whether Watts could be confirmed again by the Senate, Byrd said " as
far as this senator is concerned, he wouldn't be -- and I'm not alone.'
But the idea of a confirmation hearing at the start of a second term probably
would not achieve what Byrd has in mind.
A president, coming off re-election, would probably be granted virtually the
same consideration as he is at the start of his first administration.
in other words, even if President Reagan --- under the Byrd proposal - sent
the current Cabinet to Capitol Hill for approval, the Senate most likely would
acquiese.
As Byrd, said, watt would run into terrible problems. So probably would CIA
Director William Casey.
The chances are that Senate Republicans would probably warn Reagan not to
send either a Watt, or a Casey to the Senate for reconfirmation - and he probably
would not.
#'OJV1JNUED
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 AT
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:ARTICLE AF'PF.t1RI:'b WASHINGTON POST
;,x p~ c {_ 28 September 1983
Friends, Foes
Draw a Sketch
1 of=Cl Chief
President Reagan's most .contro
versial appointee is *lso -the -most
secretive. He is William J.:Casey,
.-who abandoned his roost .:amid the
glass canyons of finance tolhead the
CIA.
With an obsessive -.if sometimes
fumbling dedication, he promotes
the kind of secret government the
CIA favors. He has put up a dogged
fight in the back rooms for the ex-
pansion of our counterintelligence
and counterinsurgency operations;
the better to battle the communists
at their own game.
Usually, information about Casey,
70, surfaces only when he's involved.
.,in some controversy -on which. he -
can't keep the lid. So I assigned my
associate Dale Van Atta to dig into
Casey's background and character.
Over several months, he interviewed
Casey's friends and enemies in and
out of the CIA.
The composite picture they
etched is of a loner who operates out
of his hat; who lives in a continuous
state of crisis; whose mind is encased.
in a Republican hard shell; who talks
of American-Soviet relations, for ex-`
ample, in terms of "showdown," but
who has surprising tolerance for the
views of others. Here are closed-door
glimpses of the CIA director. -
+ Casey doesn't run the CIA. He's
a lone wolf who prefers to leave the
detail work and public relations
chores to his deputy director.
? His style in clothes .csn -best be
described ,as "contemporary xdishev.
elect." He -sometimes falls e~leep at
briefings. His -typical speech * pat?
tern-mumbling in a rich New York
accent-has led "to an in-house_joke
that - he's * the only CIA boss who
doesn't need a voice scrambler on his
telephone. -
Since he dislikes minding the
store at CIA headquarters in Lang-
ley, he is frequently on the road. In a
.speech to CIA employes Casey
boasted that in his first six months
on the job he had "traveled to'Eu-
rope, Asia, Central America and the
Middle :East -and met with over '20
station chiefs in those areas."
? Many sources agreed that Casey
has improved -intelligence analysis by
allowing competing views to appear
prominently. Under his predecessors,
dissenting viewpoints were relegated
to brief footnotes.
? A bedrock political conservative,
Casey is not inflexible. He's intellec-
tually honest enough to change his
hard-line Republican outlook if
there's solid evidence to refute it.
? He has a habit of sending his
subordinates clippings from. 'odd
publications that his right wing
friends.. thrust--;ion him along---withI
notes 'asking why the 'CIA didn't'
know about thisor that.
? Casey loves the covert-action
side of his job. "The cowboys -down' '
in the Tanks will send up a hare-
brained proposal,:and the next thing
you know.theyre in his office plot-'
ting with =him" complained , cone
source.:Other sources expressed .con-
cern that this sidesteps the cnecls
and balances designed to _prevent--
preposterous ciandestine operations. -
? Casey is an .unabashed political ?
animal. It was only because -he re-- .
alized the political damage _it might .
do Reagan that he agreed to put his?:.
financial holdings in a blind trust.
? He dumped his spymaster-
friend, Max Hugel, not because of,,
the damaging admissions in taped _-
conversations of Hugel's financial ..
dealings, but , because of Hugel''s
salty language. Casey was afraid'-the".
tapes would be heard by the pres
ident and Nancy Reagan, who-would'
.have been offended. -
? Casey can be petty about people
with whom he doesn't get along. -One
source insists it was at Casey's per-'
sonal order that the admiral's flag
was flown upside down at a farewell
ceremony for Adm. Bobby Inman-a
calculated snub.
But probably no one knows the.:
real Casey behind the blinking, owl-"
ish face. There .:is a wariness and
tenseness in.him, a sense of beles-
guerment.
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 ARTICLE APPEAR roved For Release 5~t 8TI IAA-RDP9I
ON RAGE. 27 September 1983
..etters
'To the Editor:
coarra ' conservation efforts P
i
.Synthetic Argument Against Synthetic Fuels
s
Reasonable men hold varying opin- vate M are loath to underwriteal-
:toms concerning the need for the U.S. ternative energy projects while the
Synthetic Fuels Corporation, and the corporation is subsidizing.synfuels at
'public -dialogue on this issue carries the rate of S3'7a barrel."
Unfortunately, PmTuasive umez~ oa both sides. Obviously,- these statements fail-to
Doug Bandow's article meet the realities of recent times.
?'Synfuels, NoWinFbels" [Op-Ed Sept. deed, since the corporation's creation
1] makes no vec=tr&Krtion: ` 50,,,k vestment :in -alternative
'to the dialogue, since his arguments =:?enesgy.aoaices and conservatismef-
-are rooted in errors and half truths.,, 3oris have increased markedly. =
r
The Corporation has never `built a.. :-' ?iaally,-the corporation staff hes
,sauna An the esecirtive suite,"' as Mr. :`never characterized the PeatMetba-
Bandow claims. While there -is -a _...nol.Aso ates project in North Caro-
sauna in the building in which the car- - 'limas `!economically
poration is officed, there is also a Chi- Had such a finding ever e
nese restaurant - neither, however,
you-can:bconfident that project,
is the property of the corporation. Would no longer-be under considera-
Further, the price guarantees ne- tion forfmsndai assistance. In addi.
gotiated by the corporation will not ... tion, the very limited interest- of Wii-
"guarantee sales at- a profit, no mat-' liam Casey in.the P.M,& project had
.ter what the market price." On the absolutely no bearing at any time on
contrary, while the guaranteed price our evaluation of that project. -
may be higher than the market price I' fully support an intelligent dia.
at the time of sale, the difference be. logue concerning the need for Federal
tween the two is not "profit. "Rather, support of a domestic synthetic fuels
the amount of a price guarantee will capability. Unfortunately, articles
be negotiated at a level thaf will like ""Synfuels, NaWinFuels" do not
cover, for -a specified period of time, further the public debate and in tact `
.only the costs of production and debt deter efforts to reach an honest opin.
servicing, not supply .a profit to the ion. Vn T t, & F. RBnCAN
sponsor. In the event ' that-oil .prices Vice President, External Relations
rise faster than anticipated, the car- United States Synthetic Fuels Corp.,
poration will benefit from any large -Washington, Sept.-7,1983=
revenue gains through a profit-spar.
ing arrangement that will be included
in every price guarantee agreement.
Mr. Bandow asserts that "subsi-
dized synthetic fuels undermine the
competitiveness of alternate energies
such as co-generation, wind, solar
power and hydropower, .,while dis. - .
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STAI
 STA
Ap roved For Release 2005/ ~/ ~ f 9F~9j-00901 R00040
ARTICLE APPEAREQ. 27 September 1983
INSIDE: HUD.
SMOOTH RIDE . As part of,a "Golden Fleece"
award'froni Sen. William Proxmire (D-Wis.) last
year, HUD Secretary Samuel R. Pierce Jr. won the
dubious distinction of having the most-expensive lim-
ousine of any Cabinet member.
_~ Pierce was among 190 ,federal-oTficialsreceiving -
chauffeur service to their homes it .a cost of $3.4 mil-
.lion a year..Proxmire said .the busiest car belonged to
`CIA Directo'r' William J. Casey;-whose -driver re-
;:
-ceiived $26;000 in overtime -pay ,Iast year on .-top, of a
$20,000 salary. Pierce's Oldsmobile 98 ,dieselweighed
s. in with the costliest lease
Proxmire,-who authored a law tarring. many. fed-
' eral officials: from using a government'~car -for -com
muting, said that bureaucrats regard .the cars as "a
real status'symbol. When we'try -to take the limou
sine away, they just buck like steers. 'I think `they'd
rather lose a billion-dollar program than a limou-
: sine.'
A HUD spokesman said Pierce'-had wanted a
cheaper General Motors car and settled for the more
expensive lease after delivery. problems with several
area dealers. But when Ford -cameout with a dis-.
count program this year, he said; Pierce was able to
get 'a much swankier .car7', a Lincoln Mark 6, for just
$3,075.:,
-Howard Kurtz
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 Approved For Release 2005/11/28 : CIA-RDP91-00901R0004
ARTf''I :AP APED
C)PAS _ _
NEWSIVEEK
26 September 1983
Reagan's Secrecy Campaig
As he settled into Washington, nothing
irritated Ronald Reagan more than
the press leaks disclosing his secret poli-
cies and deliberations. Since then, Reagan
has issued new rules pressuring the custo-
dians of federal secrets to take polygraph
exams, forcing them to sign secrecy con-
tracts and compelling them ? to grant the
government veto power over their sensitive
writings-and the public debate-for a life-
time. Reagan's rules of silence pose a classic
confrontation between free speech and na-
tional security, and last week Congress
added its voice. In the extreme, warned
Republican Sen. Charles Mathias of Mary-
land, the rules consign "some of our most
talented and dedicated citizens to a virtual
vow of silence un-crucial national issues.
The broad scope of Reagan's secrecy
campaign became clear only recently,
when the Justice Department actually pro-
duced the detailed new contracts that se-
cret holders are expected to sign. The more
controversial document restricts employ-
ees cleared for "Sensitive Compartmented
Information"--distributed on a strictly
need-to-know basis. This secrecy elite
may not go public with articles, books
(even fiction) or letters to the editor
on any classified matters until after a gov-
ernment review of the material. Even un-
classified information on intelligence, ac-
tivities is subject to approval. The rule
restricts at least 100,000 Defense Depart-
ment officials alone-both on the job and
in retirement.
Administration officials see more than
enough reason to crack down on leakers.
Loose-lipped insiders have turned Reagan's
Central America offensive into a parody of
coven warfare. Lesser-known compro-
mises are just as rankling: when a ground-
level photo of a Soviet bomber appeared in
the journal Aviation Week, Washington
worried that it helped Moscow confirm a
U.S. intelligence penetration. In all, the
steady drip-drip-drip has prompted CIA
Director William Casey, White House
counselor Edwin Meese III and national-
security adviser William Clark, a former
judge, to endorse a hang-'em-high policy.
But even granted that leaks can be damag-
ing, the question is whether Reagan's reme-
aces are extreme. For onethmg,
his sanctions cover intelligence
breaches that are relatively mi-
nor. Earlier this year, forexam-
ple, the FBI investigated a
Canadian reporter's dispatch
on the widely distributed Pen-
tagon report, "Air Force
.2000," whose secret passages
proved uniformly innocuous.
An example: "Soviet military
forces will continue to mod-.
ernize and place strains on ;
their domestic economy." FBI
agents approached Canadian
newspaperman Donald Sellar
and asked him to identify his
sources, but ultimately accept-
ed his refusal to cooperate. Jus-
tice Department officials insist
that they have no plans to pros-
ecute the Canadian. (Several
U.S. publications also obtained
copies of "Air Force2000," and
NEwswEEK easily obtained its
own last week.)
Rights for `Consumers': The
threat for leakers is much
greater than for the leaked-to.
At last week's Senate hearing,
former Canter White House
counsel Lloyd Cutler urged
that Reagan stick largely to present policy,
which already requires that CIA agents
and other "producers" of secrets submit to
prepublication review; intelligence "con-
sumers" such as the secretary of state and
other policymakers should be free to pub-11
lish as they see fit, Cutler said. The admin-
istration insists that it will act responsibly.
It is investigating only 15 to 20 leak
cases-about the same number as two
years ago. If Reagan's sanctions are de-
signed more to scare off potential leakers
than to clog the courts with them, the
president may have made his point but at
the risk of a controversy that could reach
constitutional proportions.
STEVEN STRASSER with ELAINE SHANNON,
THOMAS M. DeFRANK and ELEANOR CLIFT
in Washinvlr-
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 ARTICLE APB&ptt~ved For Release 2005/11/.A-RDP91-0090
AR~1 24 September 1983
AGENCY SUBSCRIPTION .
''We were intrigued to read in The New.York -Tunes
that our old friend John Rees, who came to a sort of=
fameas a freelance informer'onand.infiltrator of New
'Left groups in.the early' 1970s [see'Hillel Levin, 'The
`Information Digest' Ploy," The Nation, October 7,
1978; and Frank Donner, "The Campaign to Smear
the Nuclear Freeze Movement," " November 6, 19821,
has teamed up with Arnaud de Borchgrave and Robert
Moss, co-authors of such right-wing fiction as The
Spike. The three are going to'publish:a'S1,000-a-Year
monthly newsletter for "key.,decision-makers" who;-.
want to know-about "matters of jugular concern,"
The Times reports. Drawing on "former intelligence
officers, including ranking defectors from the K.G.B.'- j
:and its proxy services and former government officials
recently in sensitive .positions," -they. intend to; scoop .
-.=the daily news media, and thus they -call their-newslet
ter _"Early Warning."', "After :studying our track record," ;.de Borchgraive
:--..is,reported to have written potential subscribers, *"BillCasey of the C.I.A. took out several subscriptions."
A spokesman at the agency would neither confirm nor
deny the report. However, if Casey hasn't subscribed,
he ought to. The de Borchgrave-Moss brand of fiction
should provide inspiration to the agency in concocting
cover stories for bungled covert operations. And Rees
could infiltrate the Republican National Committee
and recover the ten-foot pole that Casey said he
wouldn't touch the =Debategate papers with.
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___ . 24 September 1983
- A C.I.A.-A.C.L.U. DEAL?
The Operatioind
Files Exelliption
ANGUS MACKENZIE
The American Civil Liberties Union, the Central In-
telligence Agency and Senate Intelligence Commit-
tee chairman Barry Goldwater have become
strange bedfellows in the latest effort to exempt
the agency from the Freedom of information Act-Senate
bill 1324. Although the A.C.L.U., the C.I.A. and the sena-
tors will be nit-picking over the language of the bill dur-
ing the markup sessions, which begin in the coming weeks,
they have already agreed on its key provision, which ex-
empts the agency's "operational files" from F.O.I.A.
search and disclosure requirements.
S. 1324 is a revision of a bill proposed in 1979 by
then-C.I.A. Deputy Director Frank C. Carlucci, which the
A.C.L.U. opposed at the time. The new version was drawn
up by the C.I.A.'s legal representatives in cooperation with
Senator Goldwater. It was introduced in Congress after
the A.C.L.U. informally agreed to the operational-files
exemption.
The A.C.L.U. and the C.I.A. claim that the exemption
"ould not expand the C.I.A.'s authority to withhold docu-
ments. Under the F.O.I.A., the agency may deny requests
for information, that relates to national security matters or that
reveals confidential sources and investigative techniques.
They contend that since operational files invariably con-
tain such information, they are never released. Freeing the
agency of the requirement that it conduct time-consuming
searches of files that are never released, proponents say,
would enable it to process other F.O.I.A. requests more
expeditiously.
Critics of the proposed legislation counter thAt the term
"operational files" is so broadly defined that it will amount
to a total exemption from the F.O.I.A., permitting the
agency to cover up illegal domestic spying and other wrong-
doing. Many information act experts say the C.I.A. has
taken the A.C.L.U. for a ride.
The deal between the C.I.A. and the A.C.L.U. was in-
itially discussed in informal conversations between the
agency's Deputy Counsel, Ernest Mayerfeld, and A.C.L.U.
attorney Mark H. Lynch, who have been friendly enemies
in F.O.I.A. court battles for seven years. As Lynch put
it, ",We're two guys who've spent a lot of time in court
Angus Mackenzie is an associate of the Center for In-
vestigative Reporting, where he directs the Freedom of Infor-
mation Project, which is co-sponsored by the Media
Alliance. Approved For Release 2005/11/28
together shootir
gel off the total
something out.,
The basic elct
for the C.I.A.':.
emption thing"
requests, the A.'
operational files
Would the Set
C.I.A. wrongdc
On June 21, C.
told the Senate it
will not ever again be a repeat of the improprieties of the
past," he said. "And let me assure you that Bill Casey and I
confider it our paramount responsibility that the rules and
regulations not be violated."
Leaving aside the C.I.A.'s assurances that it will speed up
the release of information, what does the bill itself say? The
heart of the proposed legislation is the definition of "opera-
tional files." The agency and the A.C.L.U. agree that if the
bill is passed, such files will no longer be subject to the
search process-that they will be, in short, exempt from the
F.O.I.A. But they disagree substantially over just what
operational files are,
Mayerfeld told me that operational files deal with for-
eign intelligence, counterintelligence and counterterrorism
operations; investigations to determine the suitability of
potential foreign intelligence sources; "security Iiaison ar-
rangcntcnts" with other intelligence agencies; and infor-
mation exchanges with foreign governments. Mayerfeld's
definition covers most of the agency's business, except-
perhaps-intelligence reports derived from operational
files. I say "perhaps" because some critics of the bill be-
lievc that even those reports could be exempt under the
proposed legislation.
Let us examine some of Mayerfeld's categories. Take
"counterintelligence operations," for example. Those
operations include C.I.A. domestic spying, which President
Reagan authorized in his executive order of December 4, 1981.
I f the Senate bill is passed, files on domestic spying could
presumably be exempt from F.O.I.A. inquiries.
Files relating to past counterintelligence operations like
Operation Chaos, which spied on the antiwar and civil
rights movements and the underground press between 1,967
and 1974, might also be exempt. Some of the activities car-
ried out under Operation Chaos were revealed in 1976 by
Senator Frank Church's Select Committee on Intelligence.
And stories about the operation based on information ob-
tained under the F.O.I.A. have appeared in the press. But
the complete account has not emerged, and a C.I.A. source
told my attorney that the agency has two roomfuls of un-
released Chaos files.
Opinion is divided on whether that material would be ex-
empt under the Senate bill. Lynch told me the documents
CIA ~~ 664(6 D9ff696t Chaos was the subject
ngre t a Investigation an the House version of
 ARTI E proved For Releas L220505//111//28 T~RDP91-00901R00040 070001-9
ON PAGE .23 September 1983
Senate. Panel Approves
$19M llloni in Covert
The vote also removes a roedblock"from an intelli-
-,gence authorization bill that the commute had held up
for four months. while members -demanded a new
-explanation of the controversial Nicaraguan program.
Senate aides said the bill is expected to pass the
Aid to _gUa .C: a, Rebel~ 'Republican -controlled Senate without a moor floor
By DOYI;E.McMANUS, 7 muSaffWrUer'.-
;
lebels. But some opponents of the aid 'they ..e
say they ar
WASHINGTON-The 'Senate-Intelligence -Commit-
aid to anti governmentrebelsiniq
. ic:r8M and lources r
By a voteOOf 33 to' 2; i'.he Jcothattttee' 1sn eeting behind-
new funds will support the Progr' ,only Part of the
year and that a supplemental request will be made later,
worried that neirxtrive has lost votes in the aftermath
of the Soviet downing.af a South Korean&irliner Sept. 1.
impaet oa Hotw~~a
e Senate y~x .~ -
; ~3 ~strOL{g xr~dtu~temant vl the
_OIL
iouae;" bald Rep.Nhe 1owterr 11 aina~
- r. ? -- - ~.+sabcuc~ 1iVIIIITIIL~.
The request of 319 mlthon #or saca"1 ` 984 which ,' l the House y- lay deba
br
3l
closed dool;i.'sAFrovedSn t+. minlttrat4on request {n,
.
ig
ioaraguan
begins Oct-7 ,was .for the same,amount?.as.authorized program, until,:mid=Dctober.when an Intelligence
last year : Butcommittee sources said that CIA Director appropriation bittit e,ected to reach. , ::
William J:-Casey gave senators .the-impression that the Administration oftictei have aclrnowkdgedprivately
for th th
mo
Sooct for:kdmiaistratioa Pal icy
a
n s 1, 3heir ua to the Nicaraguan rebels was
made with objectives :broader -than merely -stopping
Sandinista weapons shipments to the Salvadaran.insur-
B
bef aced-wi t =ngressiona]
,10 Winds that the
With its: vote, the committee jgave ,aboost.to the aid tot
Administration's Central America:policy.by endorsing Managua P erth the
.Casey regime,-the .Administration offered the he more
-explanation that 'the covert aid intended to limited justification of interdicting the arms trade,
deter the Nicaraguan regime from helping leftists in _ ..at Irritated some senators, who demanded the new
other Central American : countries, -Previously, the
Administration had said the. aid was aimed only at m~~ finding presented by Casey this -ave op,qt's a disrupting :the flow of arms from Nicaragua to leftist, oreerrtlicit rationale that seems to show-people more
guerrillas fighting ,the U.S.-backed government inear1Yhelimitsof what we re ~J'ingxo do;" a White
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 1 Approved For Release 2005/11/28 : CIA-RDP91-00901R00~400070001-9
ARTICLE ZAHF9
01I PAGE _/
WASHINGTON POST
23 September 1983
U.S. Covert fictions Said Not Unusual
By Joanne Omang '
Washington i'os1Stair Writer
Covert U.S. military or paramil-
itary operations that seriously worry
some members of Congress are tak-
ing place "in a couple of other parts
of the world" besides Central Amer-
ica, House Intelligence subcommittee
Chairman Wyche Fowler Jr. (D-Ga.)
said yesterday.
.Fowler, who did not specify the
location or mission of the covert, op-
erations, , said American intelligence
agencies are going ahead with them
despite objections from some con-
gressmen that they could be coun-
terproductive for the United States.
As Fowler was disclosing this at a
House Intelligence Committee hear-
ing. the Senate Intelligence Commit-
tee voted 13 to 2 to provide $19 mil-
lion in fiscal 1984 to continue covert
U.S.. support for the guerrilla forces
fighting the leftist Sandinista gov-
ernment in Nicaragua, according to a
committee source.
The Senate committee vote, in
which most Democrats voted with
the Republican majority, endorses
the Reagan administration's new
rationale for the covert operation in
Central America and sets the stage
for legislative conflict with the
House, which has voted to stop it.
In an open hearing of the House
Intelligence Committee Fowler,saidi
that such covert military and para-
militarv actions tend to start "with
10 men and $1,000" and wind up
like the operation against the San-
dinistas in Nicaragua,' with thou-
sands of fighters supported by mil-
lions of dollars, U.S. prestige on the
line and a major debate under way.
"We're going to have this same
problem here in a couple of other
parts of the world in the next few
weeks." Fowler said. "They in the
intelligence agencies] want to do
some things that, in the judgment of
some of us, will have the opposite
effect to what we want to accom-
plish, But they're going to go ahead"
? Congress. now can do `nothing to stop
`Fist 13 programs in advance but can only try
`:cut funding later when "it's messy."
'Rer said.
.rt' `e are now undertaking. policy init.ia
uses that are not by any means emergen-
s>l
':but they tin the intelligence agencies] .i
14
k,trk-ey're going to do them" he continued.
ap
:'Si sue of us
th
i
h
b
. on
e comm
ttee)
ave
een
disappointed in the responses we've
i,. to questions about the potential im-
4 of failure, disclosure of escalation of
fighting. "but they say they're going to go
ahead anvti~av
Fowler spoke at the end of three days of
bearings on legislation he has proposed to
e4uire that paramilitary or military covert
operations be approved beforehand by the
,c l4ltiuse and Senate intelligence committees.
,r .._ mouse Intelligence Committee Chairman
...' ly erd P. Boland (D-Mass,) said later in
an interve.w that more -questions have to
be answered" about the program or pro-
grams that Fowler was referring to.
It all has to be fleshed our a little hit
he said. "I'm not sure it's that serious
at the present moment."
Nearly all the witnesses called by the
committee testified in opposition to Fowl-
er's proposal for legislative curbs, arguing
that the president has complete authority
to launch covert action under his -goutitu-
tional mandate to conduct foreign pt>licY.
The role of Congress. most witnesses said.
moist be to advise and raise questions -and
to cut. off' funding for programs it opposes.
The House voted 228 to 195 in July to
cut oft' funds for the covert operation in
Nicaragua, in which guerrilla forces fighting
the Sandinista government are receiving
U.S. financing. weapons and advice.
In its action yesterday. however. the Sen-
ate Intelligence Committee voted to contin-
ue the funding for an estimated six months
into 1984, *it.h the understanding that the
Reagan administration will have to justify
the covert aid again at that time, commit-
tee sources said.
The administration asked oniv tot' tiffs
months' funding, "because it wtts clear that
the committee was reltictant to give a blank
check for the year," .one source explained.
. The vote .included most, committee Dem-
ocrats. however, because "they are willing to
try` a new approach that was offered in pri-
vate sessions this weel, by Secretary of
State George P- Shultz and CIA Director
William J. Casey, the source said.------------ -
The- new approach abandons the previ-
ous administration explanation that the co=
v:ert aid was being used only to halt the
flow of arms from the Nicaraguan govern-
ment to leftist rebels in El Salvador.
Now. Shultz and Casey -reportediy told
the Intelligence Committee. the adminis-
tration -finding- is that the covert opera-
tion is needed to harass the Nicaraguans
into abandoning their promotion of "rev-
olution without frontiers" throughout the
hemisphere. .
The Senate committee was generally re-
-ceptive .to this new goal. regarding it. as
"more clearly spelled out by the adminis-
t.ration than ever before." the source con-
tinued-The Howe Intelligence Committee,
however, received the same briefing and
was nut at all convinced." a source there
said.
The Senate is likely to take up the bill
funding all 1984 intelligence activity within
the next two weeks. It expected passage
would pave the we%- for a conference com-
mi ee fight on Nicaragua. since the House
Intelligence Committee version of the meas-
ure would eliminate all Nicaragua programs
funds. The committee bill is not expq.AT
to reach the House floor until :n'exi. mo
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ARTICLE ,APP
C1 FAa8- A -
WASHINGTON POST
22 September 1983
Shultz Spates New Case for Covert
By Joanne Omang
'. ashington Post Staff writer
The Reagan administration yesterday went to
the House with its new case for more covert aid to
`Nicaraguan rebels,?arguing that rebels should con-
tinue to harass Managua as long as Managua is
harassing U.S. friends in the region.
Secretary of State George P. Shultz and CIA
Director William J. Casey briefed the House In-
telligence Committee privately on the administra-
tion's new "finding" of need for the aid, which the
House voted to eliminate in July. But the Senate
has-not concurred, and the issue is up for consid-
eration again in a bill to fund intelligence .oper-
ations in fiscal 1984, which' begins Oct. 1.
A participant in the meeting said the members
of Congress "listened politely, in some cases with
skepticism" asked some questions but engaged in
no heated debate.
Another participant said it. was highly unlikely
that the new approach would convince the Intel-
ligence Committee to change its position against
the' aid. No-House action is expected on. the meas-
ure until next. month.
The administration's new rationale for covert
aid was demanded by the Senate Intelligence
Committee as a condition for continuing funding
after Oct. I. Senators on the committee who heard.
Casey and Shultz's.presentation Tuesday spent an
.hour discussing it yesterday and are expected to
give it formal approval today.
The new position expands on the administra-
tion's previous argument that covert aid was only
being used to halt the arms flow from Nicaragua .
to leftist guerrillas .in-El Salvador. Now the aid is
to be aimed at causing -a change in overall Ni-
caraguan policy in the region, which the admin-
istration says is defined by the Nicaraguan slogan,
. "Revolution without frontiers."
At an earlier hearing of the -House committee
yesterday, former CIA director 'Stansfield Turner
said there is "no question that you can and should
back out of [covert activity in] Nicaragua, and you
should force the administration to-back. out."
But he opposed legislation that would require
future paramilitary and military covert operations
to be approved in advance by the two.Intelligence
committees, -saying it. "clearly transcends the in-
tent of the Constitution" and would be "one more
strew on the camel's back" of congressional over-
sight. -
"There are covert operations-that would be very
helpful to this country' that. would have to be
ruled out" under the -proposals, including emer-
gency actions, Turner said. The bill's sponsor,
'Rep. -Wyche Fowler Jr. (D-Ga.), -said changes are
planned that would exempt emergency projects.
At the-moment, he said, "Congress and the public
think we [on the committee[ are ,accountable but
we are not,
'
Turner and former -senator Birch Bayb (D-
Ind.), who-favored the legislation, -both recom-
mended that the committee attach restrictions on
the contingency reserve fund, the CIA's secret
budget, when it, authorizes appropriations.
Morton H. Halperin, director of.the Center for
National Security Studies, said new controls are
necessary because covert actions, which were once
used only as a last resort, "are now just one of the
options on the shelf." -
In a related development, a spokesman for the
Kissinger commission on Central America, which
is expected to recommend a long-term policy for
the region in February. said the members will
begin their first visit to the area Oct..9 in Panama
City, with one-day 'stops in Costa Rica, El Sal-
vador, Guatemala and Honduras. A final stop in
Nicaragua "still is undecided," he said.
He said the 12 members had decided to travel
together rather than in small groups staying lor>,g-
er in separate places, as was proposed earlier.
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 AnT!^LE APPE RE pp'roved For Release 2005M4128STQ QfNpMO1R00
; CAGF a1'p 21 September 1983
New Reagan Strat for Covert Actzv es
In Nicaragua Likely to Clear Senate Panel
By GmALu F. SELR
S~ofSReporter of THE WALL STREET.JOURNAL
WASHINGTON-The Reagan administra-
tion sketched out a revised blueprint for co-
vert activities in Nicaragua that appears
likely to win the backing of the Senate Intel-.
ligence Committee.
.Secretary of State -George Shultz and
.Central Intelligence Agency Director Wi).
-ham Casey yesterday appeared at.a closed
committee session -to deliver the new plan,
known as an intelligence -`.finding."
Congressional sources' said the finding
expands the administration's originally
stated goals of the Nicaraguan operation, a)-
though the expansion .doesn't go as far as
some administration officials had wanted.
The new finding, the sources said, de-
clares that the U.S. intends to support insur-
gents opposed to Nicaragua's leftist govern-
ment until Nicaragua quits backing revolu-
tionary movements - elsewhere in Central
America, This goal is-broader than the one
the Reagan administration originally stated
two years ago, when it said it would support
Nicaraguan insurgents because they could
help cut off arms flowing from Nicaragua to
leftist rebels in El Salvador.
But the CIA has been considering ex=
panding its official goals even further, in the
new finding. Officials had considered declar-
ing that the Nicaraguan operation is in-
tended to force fundamental changes in the
overall policies of the Nicaraguan govern-
ment.
Such a broad statement, though, might
have been interpreted in Congress to mean
that the administration would try to over-
throw the Nicaraguan government: And
Congress has specifically prohibited actions
to topple the Nicaraguan regime.
So the administration rejected -the more
expansive statement of goals in hopes of
winning more congressional backing.
And congressional aides think the admin-
istration now has a good chance of winning
the support of the Senate committee, which
had demanded the new finding to clarify the
administration's intentions in Nicaragua..
Committee members will cast private
votes Over the next two days on whether to
approve or disapprove the -new plan. Con-
gressional sources said'that the new finding
initially seemed to attract -'substantial sup-
port",:during yesterday's two-hour meeting
with Mr..Shultz and 'Mr. -Casey.
Still, some Democrats, notably Delaware
Sen. Joseph 'Eiden, -expressed -misgivings,
aides said. So it is possible that opposition to
the new plan could grow.
The ,Intelligence Committee earlier
forced the administration to draw up a new
finding for the Nicaraguan program when it
voted to cut off funding at the end of this
.
month unless the administration presented a
new statement of its goals. Lawmakers com-
plained that the Nicaraguan program had
expanded well beyond its original purpose of
interdicting arms flows from Nicaragua,
and they worried that it might spin out of
control.
Because of such fears, the House voted
during the summer to - cut-off all funds for
the Nicaraguan covert operation
But the
.
House must reconsider the issue again when
it votes or a bill to finance intelligence oper-
ations in the fiscal year beginning Oct. 1.
Administration allies will try then to reverse
the funds cutoff.
The Senate committee's demand that it
be allowed to vote to approve or disapprove
an intelligence finding represents a depar-
ture from normal procedures. In other
cases, congressional intelligence committees
are briefed 'on covert operations but don't
specifically- vote to approve or disapprove
them.
In this case, the committee will vote on
whether it approves the new intelligence
finding, then recommend to the full Senate
whether to continue financing the Nicara-
guan operation.
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ARTICLE An,
ON PAGE
1'ety JustificationFor U.S.-Activity, in
r ?i.caragua Offered
By Joanne Omang
W;uhington PactStaff WrSter
Secretary of State George P::Shultz and
CLA Director William J. Casey offered
Congress :a new- justification -for '-overt
U.S..activity--in Nicaragua yesterday, stat=_
in- g that its -purpose is to pressure the ich-
isi Sandinista government into stopping
its efforts to export revolution.":;
Sources familiar with .the closed-door
presentation to-members of the Senate--
Intelligence Committee said the new"find-
ing- is.a significant. shift. in emphasis from -
previous administration explanations that
covert U.S. aid to anti-Sandinista rebels
was aimed at -stripping the flow of arms
from the Sandinistas to leftist guerrillas in
Ei Salvador.
Instead,-the:sources said,, the action-will
now be -justified as necessary as long as
Nicaragua continues to help guerrillas else-
i where in Central America.
The new justification,- firstreported by
The Washington Post in July,is consistent
with recent Reagan administration de-
mands that the Sandinistas. changes their
overall behavior in Central America.. The
administration has vehemently denied
that it.supports the avowed goal of the
anti-Sandinista rebels to overthrow the
Nicaraguan government.
In a statement after yesterday's three-
hour meeting, Intelligence . Committee
Chairman Barry Goldwater. (R-Ariz.)
saict:he expects the committee to
dectie whether -to -approve the new
fin -,by the end of the.. week. _Ap-
pro~ would put before the.-Senate .
the question. of continuing the esti-
mat'ed $80 million program of aid to
anti Sandinista rebel forces. '. - . .
vie committee voted last. May ,to
contiaue funds for -covert action in
Nicaragua after Oct. 1 only if Pres-
ident Reagan provided "a redefined
po.saion on Central America," Gold-
wat r said at the time. "We want
hirrtto tell us in plain language just
what it is he wantOto do relative to
Nicarab a and the other countries."
WASHINGTON POST
21 September 1983
The sources said yesterdayT
ingtwas "not heated" despite the
presence of several several prominent .ad-
mitristration critics and some "very
tout questioning:"' They said. com-
mit. e members "seemed inclined to
support the proposal"
(ki the House side, former CIA
dir for William E. Colby urged the
Intligence Committee to reject pro-
po. d new :curbs on the agency's Co.
vert-;actions abroad. If Congress has
proems keeping track of what the
a gepty-is~doing,,he said,-You have to
tak-a-two-by-four to the head of the
lby was the opening witness at,
thri$ days 7of committee hearings on
Iegi lation -sponsored by Rep. Wyche
(D-Ga.) -that would re-
Foyer Jr.
_
qui the administration to give
pri . notification to the House and
Serie e Intelligence committees of
an covert. action and -would give
,them a veto power over it. Existing
law, requires only that.. Congress he
"fu' and currently informed" of
"si fificant" activity, and offers no
renxedy other than a fund cutoff
aftef the fact.
:4vert action also would have to
be. receded by a %vritter, presiden-
tiajinding to the committees that
the action is essential to U.S. secu-
rit )Iconsistent with public U.S. for-
eig, policy, and needed -despite its
ris because extraordinary circum-
staces mean that overt. or less sen-
sitie tactics cannot accomplish the
g4 Wartime operations would be
ese provisions, Colby said, "will
ensure that no clandestine activity
-will' ever-take place.' Colby,-who
;}a?CIA'director from 1973 to .1976,
4
sar : hehad no'quarref -with the im
pos#ction -of -standards.upon -the be-
girnmg of a covert action and said
Fowler's -proposals were "very good"
standards.
y only question is whether you
legalconcrete," he said.
t to absolutely set them ' onto'.,
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GN PAaE ~~ .
CHICAGO TRIBUNE
21 September 1983
Debate, data leak `organized
By Dorothy Collin
Chicago Tribune .
WASHINGTON--Rep. Donald Ai- 1
bosta [D., Mich.J, chairman of the.
House subcommittee investigating
the debate papers controversy, said
Monday that bethinks there was an
"organized effort" to "acquire mate-
rial, from the Carter White House"'
for. the Reagan campaign.
Albosta cautioned, however, that
his-investigation `might fail to 'deter-
mine:-'vbo took the papers. "I believe
we=can indicate someone did it, but'
whether we can find the exact per
son remains to be Seen; ' Albosta.
said.
"Pe have to make the assumption
thaf'_ it was the Carter people taking
material from the 'Carter White
House, not 'Reagan people," be
.
added ~,
Sa ang he thinks there was "most
likely" more than one person _in
vowed, Albosta said such efforts are
"not :unusual" in campaigns. But Abe
said. there could be -a "major prob-.
lem" if some of the information.
passed from the White House to -the
campaign came from a National Se-
curity Council source.
ALBOSTA 'SAID his subcommittee
will hold hearings in early, October
and that witnesses will be placed
under oath, raising the possibility of
a confrontation with the White House.
over testimony by former campaign
workers who are now part of the
administration.,,
Among those who might be asked
to testify are White ..House Chief of
Staff James Baker and CIA Director'
William Casey.. Baker, who was also
chief of staff of Reagan 's . campaign
has said be knew of the papers and
thought they came from Casey,
Reagan's campaign manager. Casey
has said, he doesn't remember any-
thing about it and is convinced -that
if he had received -the papers, : he
would have remembered it. .
In addition, Albosta announced an
agreement with the White House to.
give investigators access to files of
White House Counselor Edwin:
Meese, who was the campaign work-1
er who handled negotiations leading'
to the debate and who later beade
the Reagan transition team. _ a
effort'
THE FILES -COVERED under the
agreement :-.are -those from the
Reagan campaign and the transition
period..'
? `There could. be things in the tran-
sition period that could indicate what
took place before," Albosta said.
However, the congressman refused
to say woy the. investigators want to
examineMeese's files or what they
hope to find in them. A spokesman
said the request to look at the files
came as a result of the investigation
so far.
Meese's files are at the Hoover
Institution of War and Peace on the
Stanford University campus. The in-
stitution, a conservative think tank
helped supply ideas and personnel
for the Reagan administration.
Investigators also will have access
to-the files of Robert Garrick, -the
director of campaign operations who
set up an intelligence operation with-
in the Reagan campaign aimed at
finding out of the Carter administra-
tion planned an "October surprise"
to solve the Iranian hostage-crisis:
DURING THE 1980 presidential
camp Reagan's advisers were
worried that. -Carter would spring
such a "surprise " perhaps affecting
the outcome of the campaign.
Garrick's operation is said to have
used information from retired znili
tart' and intelligence agency officers
in an attempt to find out if Carter
election.
In addition, the ..committee is
;ooking into ,allegations -that the
Reagan campaign may ave ,At>
tained re its from Natzonab n
ty Council sources
Albosta said that up to now lnvesti-.
gators have been loot " g only at the j
files = of Reagan campaign officials
against whom allegations have been -
"Now, we have further:access ':he
said
Albosta said investigators :have
talked to about 75 people concerning
the debate papers controversy,
which ccenters on how .Carter's
briefing book for the campaign de-,
bate between Carter : acid Reagan ,
ended up in possession of the Reagan
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ARTI CLr a pproved For Release NE ,5RK
ON PAGE d 21 September 1983
More Aid to Nica cs ac e
Adrninistiation's actions~in Contra] I
An Administration official said that
specialwTk* NmYarkMMW, the program outlined by Mr. Casey and .America. The chief critic of the Admfn-.
WASHINGTON, Sept. 20 - The Rea. Mr. Shultz went beyond the scope of the, nitration on the committee is Senator
gan Administration told the Senate In.. current program. He said it was not Joseph R. Bides. Democrat of. Bela-
telligence Committee today .that it limited to interdicting arms, but was I ware.
planned to continue covert military aid more broadly stated in general support According to participants in the sea
t.o the Nicaraguan insurgents until the of the Nicaraguan rebels. "We were al- Sion, the Admifilmration witnesses pre.
President
S
andinista Government. stopped giving ways being questioned," an official Reagan f that bye in by the national
military support to the rebels in El Sal- said, "on whether we were going be-
vador, according to participants in the yond our-program of interdicting arms. .assort y .interest to continue a "para-
meeting. Now we say,.Yes, we are supporting military program directed against the
WilhamJ. Casey" the rebels-until the Ni S"*"t;"1~nc __--
Dfi'ector of Central caragtLatts stop
Intelligence, and Secretary - -of State their subversion in neighboring coun-
George P. Shultz met for several hourstries.
behind closed doors with the commit- -'It wasa very positive statement,".
'tee, which is headed by Senator Barry the official said, adding that "I wished
Goldwater,--"Republican' of .. Arizona. the press would have been able 'to bear
Senator Goldwater had requested a re- it "? _ ~...- _ __ - .
port on plans for the fiscal year that be- -1iond gran andcCosta Ri aY ceded
gins on oct.. 1. , - - J
'Isle Administration is obliged-to re- .''Participant said thaf-tiie cover -
port to the intelligence committees of aid was to be used, not only mail the'
both houses on the goals and objectives Sandinistas stopped supporting insur-
of any covert activity: "Ihe committee! gents in El Salvador, but in Honduras
had declared in May=that it would cut and Costa Rica as well.
off the -aid in the absence of a new re. The Administration of5c3al stressed,
po' t by Sept. 3t1. - that this approach should a eargu-
Most of the committee members blent'ovi w her lhe' on o
were reportedly satisfied by the lim- was violating its pledge by doing more
ited nature of the Nicaraguan pro- than Just stopping the arms.flvw. The
gram. Some had been concerned be. official 'also said that there was no
cause T'ir: Casey had reportedly sug- thought of the Administration backing
gested before the Congressional recess the insurgents in trying to -overthrow
last month. that the Administration the Sandinista Government.
might decide to back the Nicaraguan The House earlier this year passed a
"contras," as the insurgents are bill cutting off all covert -raid to the
known, with the aim of overthrowing Nicaraguan Insurgents for the 1983 fis-
the Managua Government, which is cal year,-but it stood little chance of
supported by Cuba and other Commu- passageby the Senate. In the absence
nist states, of action by both houses to cut off the,
`Very Impressed With Shultz:'- aid, it continued. Todayls committee
"The members were very impressed meeting seemed to clear the way for
with Shultz,, one participant said. Senate approval for the 1984 fiscal
"They thought the plan was much :wi will have to decide ch begins Oct. 1. -The House
whether it wants to
more sensible than in the past. It ;vim again to cut off evert aid in" the
looked as if it had some coherence and nest fiscal year.
practicality. .
President Reagan had said publicly The Senate Intelligence Committee
that the United States had no intention has generally been Sn oz ive . of, the
of overthrowing the Sandinista Govern-
ment. Administration officials had said
that the:S19 million which had been ap- .
propriated in the current fiscal year for :.
covert aid was only meant to prevent
arms from Nicaragua from going to
the insurgents to El Salvador. _ i
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ARTICLE AP'PZU
ON PAGE
BALTIMORE SUN.
20 September 1983
Theft of Carter data"-
r
called or anize
d
campaign -had made such an effo-t.,i.'
B
Nanc
J
h
i
S
y
y
.
c
werz
er
Washington Bureau of The Sun
Washington - The chairman of a
House panel investigating the 1980
Reagan campaign's use of Carter
briefing materials said yesterday be
has concluded there was an "organ-
ized effort to obtain material" from
the Carter,, administration to aid the
Reagan campaign.
Representative Donald J. Albosta
(D, Mich.) would not elaborate on
what, if any, specific information had
prompted his observations, but he did
say that he did rot think it "unusual in
any presidential campaign" for one
side to try to obtain information
about the other.
Mr. Albosta, chairman of the Hu-
man Resources Subcommittee, also
announced that he plans to hold pub-
lic hearings, perhaps next month, in
the probe. In addition, Mr. Albosta's
panel has reached a new agreement
with the White House for investiga-
tors to review transition-period files
of presidential counselor Edwin W.
Meese III, who was chief of staff and
principal issues adviser in the Reagan
campaign.
Mr. ?Albosta, who said investiga-
tors have interviewed about 75 per-
sons so far and plan to interview an-
other 30 to 35, commented that the
course of the briefing book inquiry
has led him to conclude that there
was "an effort on someone's part to
acquire information from the Carter
White House for informational pur-
poses for the Reagan-Bush cam-
paign'
"I -think most likely there was
more than one person involved," he
said, and there was "some organized
effort to obtain material."
Asked if he meant that the Reagan.
Representative Albosta replied, `-'who
would the material benefit?"
On public hearings, Mr_ Albosta
said his panel would possibly call two
witnesses-next month. But he did otI
identify them, other than to say his panel "won't necessarily? in r-3
view the top'-officials of the Reif ant
campaign who are -now part of,+}eef
One of those officials, Mr- Meese;,
will have his files examined by, oop-,
gressional investigators, probablyi
this week, at archives of the Hoover,
Institution in California, Mr. Albosta
said. Those documents, which ?were1
not covered by an earlier agreement+
between the subcommittee -and the,
White House, include campaign-files,
and also cover the transition periedy
between the election and Mr. Rea-{
Ban's inauguration. . ' Al J
Aides said the panel's investiga
tors, under an earlier agreement With-
the White House, have already.,
campaign files of several.`tap
administration officials, including';
CIA Director William J. Casey. ahd,
Chief of Staff James A. Baker IIl ,In
vestigators -are also in the process of
reviewing the files of David A..Stoek
man, the budget director who-alsa
coached Mr. Reagan for his debatei
against Mr. Carter and has acknowl-,
edged, that documents "pilfered",
from the Carter campaign ended? ip
in the Reagan camp.
The FBI is also probing the brief-;
ing book matter and Mr. Aibosta.ac4*
knowledged that the federal investi--
gators are ahead of his inquiry -
some aspects. Re said the ageat',-
which has been turning over materiAlF
to the House panel,' has been "slower-
than I would like to 'see it" in "givig"
us information." --
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ARTICLE WASHINGTON TIMES
ON PAGE-A__ 20 September 1983
Uarter
By George Archibald
vA.& tNGTOk ES STAFF
The House subcommittee investi-
gating how President Reagan's cam-
paign obtained Jimmy Carter's
debate briefing materials is focusing
on possible wrongdoing by Carter
White House: employees, the-panel's'
chairman said yesterday.
Rep. Donald 3.-Albosta, D-Mich.,'
also said the pattern emerging from--
the inquiry is that "more than one"
White House employee working for
then-President Carter gave the brief-
ing materials to the Reagan cam-
paign
"There has been no allegation that
anything was stolen" by the Reagan
camp, Albosta stated.
"There was an effort on someone's
part (in the Reagan campaign) to
acquire materials from the Carter
White House for information pur-
poses,' he said.
Albosta declined to say whether
he knows who initiated the effort, but
he added that it would not be
"unusual" for one presidential cam-
paign to attempt to obtain another's
internal documents.
"What could be unusual ... is
where the material came from, par-
ticularly if it came out of the
National Security Council," Albosta
said. "If we have a possibility that
people will remove, for political pur-
poses, material that is sensitive to
the security -- either economically
or to the defense of this country
--
then we have a major problem.
"If it was removed and if it was
done in an organized effort, I think it
is important for the American people
to know if that is going to continue to
happen," he added.
Albosta said -the panel's investiga-
tors want to review personal files -
rather than general campaign files
of several people, including White
Rep. Donald J. Albosta
House Counselor Edwin Meese III
and Adm. Robert Garrick, who
headed research for the Reagan
campaign. Some of the files are at
the Hoover Institution at Stanford.
"If we lurw a
possibility that people
will remove, for-
politicalp-urposes,
material that is
sensitive to_the
security either
economimfly or to the
defense of this
country then we
have a major
problem."
would "cooperate fully" -with the
panel, stated a spokeswoman for the
research organization.
The panel has 75 wi
interviewed
about
tnesses from both the
Ca
rter
Asked why investigators were and Reagan camps and will interro-
returning to the Hoover archives,. gate about 35 more people before
where Meese's transition files are holding at least two public hearings
housed, Albosta said, "There could on the Carter debate book matter in
be things that would indicate during early October, Albosta said.
the (post-e)ection) transition period He declined to discuss -details of
what could have taken place '-what the investigation has learned.
before, during the campaign." But he said, "My opinion is we will
Other files belonging to' David R: get to the bottom -of it; .:'. I believe
Gergen, White House communica we will be able to :indicate someone
Lions director, and Wayne H. Valis, a did it. Whether or not we will find the
former Reagan aide, may be at the exact person and whether or not we
American Enterprise . Institute, a will have someone who would have a
Republican-oriented public policy reason, it remains to be seen "-
think-tank, where both men worked . Asked if this meant the probe has
during the campaign, Albosta said. not yet identified any"moles" in the
The congressman said he "would. Carter White House, he replied: "I
not rule out" asking AEI to open its don't want you to think we have, and
files to House investigators. AEI I don' want you to think we haven't"
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ARTXCL AP
911 PAGE
WASHINGTON POST
20 September 1983
Mbosta: Sees `Organized Effort'
To Get Carter Material in '80
By Howard Kurtz
Washington PostStaif Writer.
Rep. Donald J. Albosta (D-Mich.)
said yesterday that he has concluded
that there was "an organized effort
to .obtain material" from the Carter
White House in 1980 and that "more
than one" aide to Jimmy Carter was
involved in providing documents to
the Reagan presidential campaign.
Albosta, whose house Post Office
and Civil Service subcommittee has
been investigating the acquisition of
Carter papers by the Reagan cam-
paign during the 1980 election, de-
clined to give specifics, saying he
.wanted to preserve the probe's se-.
?crecy. He said he would detail some
'.of the findings next month at, the
first of two planned public hearings.
? Albosta spoke to reporters after
:successfully urging the House to pass
;a five-year reauthorization of the Of-
fice of Government: Ethics, which is
-scheduled to go out of business Sept
30. Albosta said .he may propose fur-
ther amendments to the ethics act to
deal with the kind of allegations he
is investigating.
"The trend seems to' indicate that
there was some organized -effort to
obtain material ... from the Carter
`'White. House for informational pur-,
poses for the Reagan-Bush cam-
paign," Albosta said. He said the
subcommittee still is focusing on in-
dications that some material may
have been taken from Carter's Na-
tional Security Council.
. Albosta said his staff has inter-
viewed about. 75 people and that he
REP. DONALD J. ALBOSTA
"more than one" provided papers
now expects to "get to the bottom"
of the mystery. By the . time the
probe is finished, he said, "I believe
we will be able to indicate someone
did it"
Albosta also said he-has reached
agreement with the White House to
allow congressional investigators to
inspect new Reagan campaign files
stored at the Hoover 'Institution at
Stanford University.- ,
-He said these would include the
personal campaign files of White
House counselor Edwin Meese III
.and of Robert Garrick, a retired ad-
miral who helped the Reagan cam-
paign -monitor- military bases in case
of an "October surprise" by the Car-
ter White House.
. Albosta said some personal files-
including those of White House chief
of staff James A. Bake] III and CIA
Director. William J. Casey-were not
located in California. but that his
staff has been able to inspect them
in Washington. He .added, however,
that the FBI has been "slow" to pro-
vide the panel with information from
its criminal investigation.
The measure extending the five-
year-old Office of Government Eth-
ics plugs several "loopholes" in the
law, Albosta said. The bill would
allow the office to draft government-
wide ethics regulations, to review fi-
nancial disclosure -statements of 69 {
additional White House.aides and to
extend disclosure.. requirements to
some members of advisory commit-
tees. The bill also would require per-
sons nominated by. the president to
high-level jobs to update their finan--
cial disclosure statements before
their Senate confirmation hearings...-
Aides said this was in-response to
a 1981 incident, involving Attorney
General William French Smith, who
did not report a $50,000 corporate
severance payment that he received
shortly after filing his disclosure
statement..
The House measure must be rec-
onciled with a Senate version that
would give the ? ethics 'office director .
a fixed -tenure ?that' would -not coin-
tide with the-president's -term:
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 9!~-0e7
ARTICLE AP roved For Releasl~0I4/$ii1sMA-RDP910 ``~~
ON PAGE 20 September 1983
l for, out campaign to steal ma-
nother campaign," he
. Ouse Inquby Leader Says from a
E
"What's unusual is where the ma-
Cotncil,
Reagan Sought '8 0Paperi
'Cvtn i ,
ttom of
it,
By MARTIN TOLCHIN
Speclatt aeNis,Yank27ms.
WASHINGTON, Sept. 19 - The I Meese 30 will
chairman of a Congressional investiga-
tion into the conduct of the 1980 Presi-
dential campaign said today that inves-
tigators had uncovered evidence indi-
cating "an organized effort" by Ronald
Reagan's campaign to obtain materi-
als fromthe Carter White House.
Representative Donald J. Albosta,
Democrat of Michigan, gave his inter-
pretation of the investigators' findings
in his first status report since his
Human Resources subcommittee of the
Post Office and Civil Service Commit-
tee began its investigation in June.
However, the counsel for the Repub-
lican members of the committee said
he disagreed with Mr. Albosta's con-
clusion, and Mr. Albosta, saying be
thought it was "important to maintain
the secrecy" of the investigation, de-
clined to offer specific evidence to sub-
stantiate his findings.
There was no immediate comment
from the White House on Mr. Albosta's
statement.
Public Hearings in October
Mr. Albosta said public bearings)
would begin in early October. The hear-
ings could provide the spectacle of twoi
top aides in the White House contra-
dieting each under oath.
It is widely expected that James A.
Baker 3d, William J. Casey and Edwin
Mr. Albosta said that although the
Federal Bureau of Investigation had
been helpful in the past in giving the
committee materials it had developed,
to testiTy. al- the
ace had
l
d i
p
owe
s
n recent weeks
.
though Mr. Albosta declined to com- ? "FWve been slow in giving us ma-
ment on prospective.witnesses. Mr. terial that I think we should have in our
Baker, the White House chief of staff, "
has said that be received the Carter investigation said- White House -materials' from Mr. Mr- Albosta exPressW confidence in
Casey, director of Central Intelligence the investigation- "My opinion is that
whobas disputed Mr. Baker's xecollec- we will tit tothe bottom of it," be said.
tics. Mr. Meese, White Haase c7ois29el, Mr. Albosta gave the status .report
was -director of the Reagan transition after the House unanimously approved
team a five-year reauthorization of the Of-
Mr. -Albosta said that investigators five of Government Ethics. He said the
had interviewed about -75 'witnesses, law might have to be amended after
equally divided between Reagan ca- 'comp'letion of his investigation into the
paign aides and Carter White House of- briefing documents.
ficials, and that another 30 to 35 would "One set of cansceras raised regards
be questioned. In addition, investiga- the law and standards of conduct of
tors have studied personal and official fecting Federal employees' steward-
files of-aides to Mr. Reagan's Presiden-
tial campaign.
Mr. Albosta said he recently con-
cluded an agreement whereby investi-
gators would spay the personal files of
Mr. Meese and retired Adm. Robert.
Garrick, who has said be organized a
network of -retired military officers to
monitor the movement of United States
troops and aircraft for -the =Reagan
campaign.. The network was looking
for signs of the imminent release of the
American hostages then held in Iran.
"There was a pattern, an organized
effort on someone's part to acquire ma-
terial?from the Carter White House for
the Reagan-Bush campaign," Mr. Al-1 the ruling thing--" - -
bosta said-
Mr. Albosta, asked who initiated the
effort, replied, "Who would the ma-
terial benefit?"
G.O.P. Aide Disputes Findings
Steve Hemphill, counsel to the Re-
publican minority of the Post Office
and Civil Service Committee, disputed
Mr. Albosta's findings. "I have sat in
on the overwhelming majority of inter-
views and have reviewed the docu-
ments, and I do not reach the same con-
clusion," he said. "It's too premature
to draw that kind of conclusion."
Mr. Hemphill, asked whether White
House aides would be called, said
"that's totally within the purview of the
chairman."
The subcommittee has been investi-
gating how Carter White House docu-
ments found their way into the Reagan
campaign, where they were used to
brief Mr. Reagan for his televised de-
bate with Mr. Carter.
Mr. Albosta said evidence indicated
the involvement of more than one per-
son in both the Carter White House and
the Reagan campaign. "It was not us-'
mation and the use of their positions for !
personal gain," he told the House. "Are' ,
those standards adequate? Are they
understood, enforced, or enforceable at
all?"
The House Speaker, Thomas P.
O'Neill, Democrat of Massachusetts,
said today he remained unconvinced of
the pressing need for Mr. Albosta's in-
vestigation. "I still don't see any great
interest out there" by House members,
he said.
Mr. Albosta, in response to Mr.
O'Neill's statement, said, "His set of
priorities dictates that the economy is
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 AT
I ARTICLE Approved For Release 2 -1 'YCIA-RI 1-00901R000
ON PAGE w, _ 19 September 985
I LARRY KING'S
PEOPLE
CIA's Casey: No spying
from USA's-airliners ,
Fasten seat belts: This col-
umn takes no prisoners..., I
asked William Casey, direc-
tor of the CIA, if, to his knowl-
edge, the USA has ever used
h passenger plane for spying
purposes. "Absolutely not,":
was the immediate reply. Ca-
sey added, "None of our al-
lies would do that, either.
The risks are just too great
for whatever benefit it might
bring. We care too much for
human life. I have suspected
Aeroflot of doing it, but have
no proof. The more I think
about it, though, I doubt even
the Russians would do it. It's
pointless."
UPI
CASEY: Using airliners for
spying would be 'pointless.'
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WASHINGTON TITHES
19 September 1983
Th R
e RAMBLE
BY JOHN MCKELWAY
Clean-cut, maybe,
but hardly clear-cut
How are you getting along with
the Great Carter Briefing
Book Caper?
I've just about had it. But will
keep trying.
Now. Where are we?
I'm not so sure. When last we
met to discuss all the possibilities
of the on-going investigation and
how an investigation gets to be on-
going, there seemed to be some
chance that everyone who ever saw the Carter brief-
ing book in the Reagan campaign camp would line up
to take a lie detector test administered by agents of
the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
As far as I can tell, this has not taken place. But, of
course, you never know what goes on in this town.
And, maybe, the FBI has developed a truth-detecting
machine which even now might have been put to use.
'However, we do know that we have been told by the
press that the FBI has asked a woman who served as
a secretary in the-1980. Reagan campaign, a woman
who remembers a "clean-cut" young man delivering
what could have been the Carter briefing papers, to
undergo hypnosis.
Apparently; the FBI did not think she was lying
when she described the young man as "clean-cut,"
and did not proceed to hook her up to a lie detection
machine. But agents figured that under hypnosis she
might be able to put a little more meat on her bare-
bones description.
The secretary said she thought the Great-Garter
Briefing Book Caper was "Mickey Mouse'' and
declined to undergo hypnosis.
Now. If a clean-cut young man did deliver the
Carter briefing book to Reagan's campaign head-
quarters, the material must have been sent on to
-either campaign.director William Casey, now head of
the Central Intelligence Agency, or James Baker III,
now White House chief of staff and at the time of the
alleged appearance of the clean-cut young man, can-
didate Reagan's supervisor of debate preparations..
7Baker has said he got the documents from Casey.
Casey says he ;can't recall ever having the doc-
uments. -
Now. If I can believe all this stuff, why hasn't the
FBI offered to put Casey under hypnosis? Or Baker?
Why do the agents, if they did, go after a secre-
tary? One would think the head of the CIA and the
White House chief of staff would be far more inter-.
esting under hypnosis than a secretary who thinks
the briefing book busines is "Mickey Mouse"in the
first place.
For example, would Casey describe thesame
-young man as "clean-cut" if he could remember,
under hypnosis, the guy who brought the briefing
book? Casey, underhypnosis,. might think the clean-
cut young man looked like Baker.
And Baker, under hypnosis, might feel with some
conviction the clean-cut young man resembled
George Bush, a former head of the CIA.
And what would happen if both Baker and Casey
were placed under hypnosis and, simultaneously,
hooked up to lie detector machines? Would they
describe the secretary as "clean-cut" or use some
other equally fathomless description?
And, I wonder, -can the FBI guarantee that if either
a secretary, or a clean-cut young man;-or the. -,
White House chief of staff along with the head of the
'CIA, is placed under hypnosis, they will be returned
to normalcy? ; -
. -What, come to?think of it, is normal in Washington,
in or out of hypnosis?
Sometimes I get the feeling that the Great Carter
Briefing Book Caper is one of those Washington sto-
ries that soars into the great beyond Ieaving.most
of us lost in the dust it has kicked up.'
I would hope you can handle it better.'Keep trying.
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 ARTICLE APPEARIbproved For Relea;e~002$
ON PAGE 19 September
901 80004
Behind -moderation are being ffrn braced on most of the ma
jor issue
With his national-security adviser and longtime
gan s'..
friend at his elbow, Reagan is seeking quick results
--
U
overseas. This has meant departing from the strong
rail ideological thrust that is Reagan's hallmark-
In case after case, the administration has deliv-
ered tough rhetoric
then acted with moderation
,
.
The airline incident, which provoked Reagan to
In Forvaflgn launch the strongest verbal attack on the Soviet
Union of any President, was the latest in-
stance His retaliat
o
m
a
f
f
The President's fresh tack is designed to
insure cooperation from America's
allies, calm nuclear-war worries among
voters-and produce- fast results.
President Reagan's response -fo Russia's: downing-:of a
South Korean jetliner underscores a new foreign-policy
approach that combines hard words with moderate deeds.
The sanctions announced by the President on September 6
and 8 are far milder than many expected from a leader who
has condemned the Soviet Union as an "evil empire" But
the action squares with anapproach to international affairs
that is becoming steadily more flexible and pragmatic., -
In the-shaping of this policy,-White House National Secu-
rity Adviser William Clark, a man noted for his practicality
and loyalty to the President; `has emerged as the' Chief
Executive's most trusted foreign-affairs counselor." Headlines in recent weeks have focused on how Clark
has gained the upper hand in a power struggle with Secre-
tary of State. George Shultz. Largely overlooked /is the fact
that while Shultz has been in the backgroundihis policies of
Reagan on Air Force One with key advisers Clark and Shultz
ry
e
sures were a
ar cry
rom
the controversial sanctions he ordered after martial
law was clamped on Poland. The measures in-the airlirie
episode were denounced by his more conservative support-
ers as lacking in backbone.
The Peking connection. Nowhere is the contrast be-
tween past words and current deeds seen more sharply
than in dealings with China. Where Reagan once chilled
Sino-American relations with talk of reviving political ties
with Taiwan, today he seeks to bring Peking into a partner-
ship to .counter Soviet global -ambitions -'a straitegy. long
advocated by the State Department.
Peldng'now qualifies to buy high-technology equipment,
including some items with clear military applications,: on
the same basis as many U.S. allies. In late July, the admini-
tration also agreed to increase the American import quota
for Chinese textiles, in return for China's stepped-up pur-
chases of U.S. grain. A visit to Peking by Defense Secretary
Caspar Weinberger in late September is aimed at getting
stalled weapons-sales negotiations going again. . - _
All this is drawing fire from critics on the right. But the
White House, according to presidential aides, figures it will
reap practical benefits in renewed strategic cooperation
and,-more than likely, a politically rewarding Reagan trip to
Peking in the election year of 1984.
In the case of the Soviet Union, Reagan means it when he
speaks of an 'evil empire" of Communism. But, whatever his
misgivings about the Soviet system, the President increas-
ingly has emphasized the need to work with the Russians.
In the weeks before the downing of the airliner, .he
approved huge new grain purchases by Moscow with guar-
antees against future embargoes, removed remaining re-
strictions on the sale of pipe-laying equipment, announced
a new compromise offer in arms-control talks and proposed
improved hot-line procedures for handling crises- None of
these moves is affected by the measures he announced in
the aftermath of the attack on Korean Air Lines Flight 007.
Skeptical at first about arms-control talks of any sort with
Moscow, Reagan now emphasizes flexibility and determina-
tion to negotiate seriously. His advisers say the President is
responding- to widespread public concern about the dan-
gers of nuclear war and to doubts among some European
allies about his commitment to arms control. -
' Even in Central America, pragmatism is softeningrheto-
tic. A few days before Defense Secretary Weinberger set out
in early 'September to review U.S. troops on maneuvers in
Honduras, Special Envoy Richard Stone was on the road
trying to arrange more talks with insurgent leaders. The
emphasis now is on a search for peace as well as on the
military buildup to pursue the war against Marxist guerrillas.
Letting Reagan Be Reagan
In this new approach to world problems, the key role is
being played by a relative novice iii foreign affairs-William
Clark, the President's national-security adviser.
To get the results he wants before 1984, Reagan is paying
more attention to White House advice and playing down
CI ?9*0 f07R0 0T1W outcome: Growing
 - r ~.... k ~pRroved For Release 201i?t jiffTaApl~bP91-00901 R000400
hi i 4,1__J 15 September 1983
U l ti i?t ti ~ } ~Gt~/~~/~
Disorder in the Court: Man
Tarn,s Hearing Tops y-Tarvy
By Ed Bruske - filed against him .following an incident on
Wash ingWn PosL Staff Wr1Ler April 27 in which he .allegedly attempted to
A hearing at D.C. Superior Court yesterday arrest former CIA director Stansfield Turner.
turned into pandemonium when a defendant during a douse subcommittee hearing.
tried to place the . judge under "citizen's ar- Zain, who told the court he would represent
rest," dragged a deputy U.S. marshal, a clerk himself, has been held in lieu of $2,000 bond.
and an attorney behind the bench, knocked . Before the melee yesterday., ,a CIA attorney
over a flag, overturned chairs and nearly : told Judge Sorell in court thattiZain had writ
reached the judge before he was finally re ten several CIA officials concerning his alle-
strained, courtroom witnesses said. gations and had sent Casey a letter at his
Corridors outside the courtroom were sud- home in suburban Maryland, threatening to
denly filled with a prosecutor's screams for arrest the director. .
help, and D.C. police in the vicinity rushed to Prosecutors argued that Zain should be held
the scene, reaching for their guns, witnesses pending a determination on his mental com-
said. . - petency. Sorrell, who recently had held two
No one was seriously injured in the melee, other hearings on Zain's bond, was speaking
but at one point the defendant as well as those from the bench, asking Zain whether he would
trying to subdue him tumbled to the floor be- .cease his threats and stay away from govern-
hind the bench while Judge W. Byron Sorrell meat officials, when Zain interrupted.
.and astonished -courtroom spectators looked Your honor, I cannot Jet the CIA go un-
prosecuted for murder" he said. "I charge you
The incident capped a bizarre series of with being an accessory to murder. I'm going
to take custody of .you. I am, as a citizen, ar-
court proceedings over several months this resting you for attempted murder:"
year involving a defendant who insists that "Everyone assumed ,he was just running off
the CIA is responsible for at least. three mur- at. the mouth." a clerk in the courtroom said
ders and has tried to arrest, or subpoena, nu later.
merous high-ranking government officials, in- But Zain walked around the-defense table
eluding CIA Director William Casey. toward Sorrell and had nearly reached the
The defendant, Harry Zain of Charleston, bench when a deputy marshal grabbed him.
W. Va., was eventually removed from the Zain then pulled the law officer behind the
courtroom yesterday and taken to the court's ..bench, knocking over-the American flag,, awhile
cellblock after -half ,a dozen deputy ' U:S. ' -the . judge's -clerk and an assistant U.S. attor-.
marshals responded to calls for help. .. . new in the courtroom joined the struggle to
After the incident, Chief Judge H. Carl stop "him.
Moultrie I signed an emergency order trans According to one clerk, Zain gave up the
ferring Zain to the Ugast Center at D.C, Gen-,, fight to reach Sorrell, saying, "I appear to be
era] Hospital for psychiatric examination. -. outnumbered."
Zain had been ordered to appear-in court" Zain. gained attention two years ago when
yesterday to determine whether he should be----tie tried: to have Congress pass a law. that-
released from jail pendiiig a decision` ,on would allow him-to marry a 12-year-old girl in
whether he is mentally competent to stand. his'home state. -
trial on.-misdemeanor charges of simple assault A further hearing in the matter is scheduled
and disruption of Congress. The charges were for Nov. 1.
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 A
.ARTICLE APPE roved For Release 202t%1 1 ELW1-0
.~~ ~l
ON PAGE 15 September 1983
source of Pilfered .
Pipers Eludes" FBI
L;
By ROBERT JACKSON; Times Staff Writer
WASHINGTON-With nearly three months of inter-
views behind them, FBI agents have been frustrated so
far in determining -how some confidential documents of
former President Jimmy Carter came into the posses-
sion of -members of President Reagan's 1980 electipn
campaign
"They (the agents) still have a way to go but they
have not found the key, the smoking gun," a gov-
ernment officialfamillar with the case said Wednesday.
The officials who refused to be identified, said the FBI
will not finish.ata field investigation until mid-October at .1 1 the soonest,tnore'than two'months later 'than originally
expected s
.The source said many witnesses have been afflicted
with "forgetter y"when pressed about specific details of 'I
what happened hreeyearsago with copies of Carter's
campaign debate -briefing papers ;,However, he said
agents are unable to say ,with: conviction``.that any of
these memory lapses are deliberate.:
A prime:" example is Reagan's 'former campaign
receptionist, Justine Marks, the"latest witness whose
name has surfaced. Two sources familiar. with her
account of the papers' delivery said 'Marks has toldthe
FBI she -believes. .they were brought, to Reagan's,
headquarters bya well-groomed young man-but that
she does not remember his name?or where he was from.
Marks has 'rejected a request-by theFBI that she
submit to hypnosis in the. hope ..of ,enhancing her
memory., the government official said. He said he did not
know if any other witnesses had been hypnotized or had
refused to be:hypnosized but that-the technique is not
unusual in official investigations. -
Couldn't Identify Man From Photos
"After. all, were talking about incidents that occurred
a'few years ago, he said.
Marks, who. could. not be reached .for comment, failed
to recall anything further about the looks or occupation
of the young man and could not identify him from any,
photos shownto her, the official, said. 'Marks was the
receptionist... in -offices 'in Arlington,. 'Va., that were
occupied by Reagan's top-ranking aides. `
It was learned that i vestigators'for'the House Post
Office and Civil- Ser'ice subcommittee on human
resources, which is conducting-:a similar' inquiry into the
pilfered documents,'also is 'seeking tointerview Marks..:
The panel is headed; by Rep Donald J. Albosta
The. summer long' ease has-been marked by conflict--
ing memonesas well as faulty ones. White House Chief
of Staff ,James'i: Baker III, who was in charge of
preparing Reagan for his campaign debate with Carter,
has said that,h briefly'saw some Carter debate papers
provided by CIA ;Director William J. Casey, who was
then campaign manager.
Casey has-heatedly denied having had such material,
saying he would not have touched it "with.a 10 foot:.
(pole."
Meanwhile, Mark Ashworth,'ari Ohio college student
who worked in Reagan's headquarters, has told Albos-
ta's investigators that he remembers-being asked to'
photocopy pilfered debate papers for delivery to Baker.
"It's not clear who gave what to whom "the official
Approved For i ev2H M8veE l @P.-06901 R000400070001-9
 ARTICLE APPF RID 1PEW YORK TIMES
OF PAGE _I -oved For Release 0?q1j IA- 91-04
Former Reagan Worker Refuses
To Undergo Hypnosis in In9uTy
By LESLIE MAITLANTD WERNER
SPedal ro The Nww York Trmu'
WASHINGTON, Sept. 14 - An aide
in Ronald Reagan's 1980 campaign has
refused a request by Federal investiga-
tors that she be hypnotized to help her
.recall an incident in which campaign
materials prepared for President Car_
ter may have been delivered to Reagan
workers.
Federal officials :;said the woman,,
Justine Marks, had a vague recollec-
tion of such an event but could not iden-
tify the man who she thought dropped
off the papers. Federal officials said
the Federal Bureau of Investigation
had asked Mrs. Marks to submit to
hypnosis to help her remember, but
that she had declined.
The officials said Mrs. Marks had
been shown Numerous pictures of peo-
ple who might have had access to the
Carter papers, which were prepared
for the then President before his debate
with Mr. Reagan.
But, the officials said, Mrs. Marks
failed to identify anyone-as the man
who reportedly brought materials
resembling the Caner papers papers to Mr.
Reagan's campaign headquarters,
where she was a receptionist They
-said she described him as young and
clean-cdt.
. Leaving `No Stone Unturned'
She may very well have something
pertinent," a Federal official familiar
with the inquiry said. "To say she's the
key would be an exaggeration."
The. official said Federal agents bad
Pie hypnosis because they
wanted "to leave no stone unturned,"
Roger S. Young, an assistant direr
for of the F,B.I, in charge-of Congres
sional and public affairs, declined to~
comment on the -bureau's inquiry.. He
also declined to say whether or not i
agents had interviewed Mrs. Marks -or
had requested that she be hypnotized.
But he said the bureau had found
hypnosis to be a useful technique in '
helping witnesses recall details of
events they otherwise could not
remember:
? Mrs. Marks, reached for,comment. in'
Augusta, Me-,-confirmed that she had
told investigators about the event and
that she had refused to be hypnotized.
She declined to discuss details of what
she had told the agents because she had
an exclusive arrangement with ABC
television to appear on its "Good Morn-
ing America" program Thursday. -
Asked if she was being paid for her
appearance, she said, "That's my busi-
ness," and ended the conversation.
George Watson, vice president of
ABC News, reached by telephone, con-
firmed that Mrs. Marks was scheduled
to appear on the program Thursday,
but he said the 'network's entertain..
meat division had .arranged the ap-
pearance, not the news department.
"We are paying her nothing except
her travel expenses from Maine to New
York and back," Mr. Watson said. He
added that guests were often asked, on
a voluntary basis, not to discuss in ad-
vance what they would say before a
program.
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 Ex-Receptionist
Recollects 1980
Debate Papers
ase 2005/11/28: CIA-RDP91-0090,~R00`OQ
WASHINGTON POST ~~
14 September 1983
dayhen the papers were delivered,.nor the sen-
ior eaga_n official to whom they were delivered,
she 'aid.
F$I officials have been frustrated by' the slow 1
By Martin Schram
and Bob Woodward
Washington Post Staff writers
The former executive receptionist
of the 1980 Reagan campaign has
told the FBI that papers resembling
President Carter's debate briefing,
materials were delivered to the head-
quarters by a person she remembers
only as "'a young, cleancut-man,".
.And, in an unusual move, the FBI'
asked her to undergo hypnosis to
help her identify the man she says
brought the documents and the top
Reagan official-who received them.
The receptionist, Justine Marks,
told FBI -agents in four interviews
that. she can recall only that the pa-
pers were brought to the Reagan
--headquarters by a male who was
under 30 years of age, according to
informed sources.
Marks controlled access to the
fourth-floor offices of the 'top Rea-
gan campaign executives, including
campaign director William J. Casey
and senior adviser James A. Baker
III. who supervised the debate.-prep-
arations.
. Marks confirmed this. account
? during several telephone interviews
with The Washington Post. She said
that last Thursday she declined the
FBI request that. she undergo hyp-
nosis even though the FBI agents
had told her, "we feel you can pro-
vide us with the missing link," .she
said.
. Marks said: -"I feel I may be oh-
strutting the investigation but I just
can't" undergo hypnosis. I find
hypnosis an tnmatural state, like a {
fortune teller .... I would consider
this differently if it were a murder,
but. I think the briefing book thing is
Mickey Mouse and I told the agent
no." .
In eight hours of. interviews with the FBI,'
agents showed her 600 to 700 photographs. But
she said she was unable to identify the young man
who 'she. says brought the papers to the Reagan
p r o g r e s s in the case. ti ...
They.previously sought permission'-to give poly-
graph tests to senior Reagan officia-ls,-who have
give'l`cconflicting'versions of how the Carter doc-
umeats wound up: in the files of the Reagan cam-
Bier,; now White House chief of ,staff, has told
mveltigators. he received the Carter 'debate doe-
-urn is=from :Casey. Casey, now ..director of the.
C hassaid'he-cannot recall ever having had tire'
d enfs: an ,&t a ,i,ould3o have. orgotter-
theme if :they:had~tever been given to him.. The
FBIS decision td{ask?vlarks to submit to b')ions
was approved"at''the top" of the FBI, according to
an official source`'I'.liesource declined to say if it
was FBI Director William H. Webster who gave
the approval, aor wvha't'role, if any; the Justice De-
partment played in the decision in the -po'liticaily
sensitive investigation. _::
..FBI spokesman: Roger' Young -yesterday -said he
would have no tomment t-on the matter. -He none=
theless-said the .use.;of.:hypnosis with cooperative
witnesses =,ikht cannot:irecall details is?"a:valid, ac
cepted - technique." `-He`added, ''It-has been used
many times with. superb results."
In ' several '-telephone 'interviews this week,
Marks confirmed -what-she told the .FBI and de
scribed'-he arrival -of 'naterial :related to the Car-
ter debate as"a positive recollection:
Marks; added,"Of the hundreds of.people who
passed by.me I recall :I stopped someone. I don't,
know-who,: it could have been someone 'with the
campaign._it could have been a citizen. a politi-
cian, even someone with-the media and that, per-
son had material related. to the briefing material
for Carter,"
Marks said she was -not positive the Carter
briefing material showed to her -by the FBI was.
identical to the, material, -she saw. in :1980, though
she said it was similar.-. ;
She said she was certain the papers received in
.1980 were related to the Carter side of the debate,
;something.,that ,wquld;arot and :did-'not ~normally
come to the Reagan campaign headquarters. J-
Asked how she knew the - material -the ; young
man was carrying.was,-from t.he,Carter:camp, she,
,
,
er
headquarters. Nor can sheAr~~P&~&rdb~rR6r
~'ease 2005/11A2-$t:lQtA'R'DP91=009018000400070001-9
said, "I probably asked him to 'state:his purpose-
who he wanted to see and like that:"
She. said she has tried as hard as -possible to
recall or further describe A.he incident or person
bringing the material or receiving it but cannot
honestly expand-on her memory. -
adding:
" she said
e is a lot I-remeinber
"Th
 Approved For Releas b IPI1T11 SS0I R ftVD098I1R00
13 September 1983
WASHINGTON
REAGAN
BY E. MICHAEL MYERS
President Reagan met today with Secretary of State George Shultz, just back
from a confrontation with Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko on the Soviet
shootdown of a Korean airliner carrying 269 people.
After the meeting with Shultz, Reagan met with the National Security Council
Shultz, Defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger, CIA chief William Casey and
Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman John Vessey - undoubtedly to discuss a response
to the Soviet attack.
Both Shultz and Weinberger recently returned from abroad. Shultz attended an
East-West human rights conference in Madrid, where he called the Soviet defense
of its destruction of the airliner ''preposterous.'
,EXCERP7ZU
STAT
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 : G AP
ON PGE_ oved For Release z0 2ptembe"'
QN P
AGE ;~ 9t5
Pentagon Gets Tough on L~tin.Policy
By PHILIP TAUBMAN
Special to The New York Times
- WASHINGTON, Sept. 11- The Rea-
gan Administration, despite the objec-
tions of some top State Department of-
ficials, has decided to go on the attack
against Congressional opposition to its
Central America policy, according to
senior Administration officials. .
The new stance, which represents a
break with past efforts to reach an ac-
commodation with Congress on Central
America, is scheduled to be outlined in
a policy speech on Monday by the
Under Secretary of Defense for Policy,
Fred C. Ikle, the third ranking official
in the Pentagon.
The tone of the speech, which Mr.
Ikle is to deliver to the Baltimore Coun-
cil on Foreign Affairs, includes some of
the harshest criticism of Congress by
the Reagan Administration on this or
any other foreign policy issue, Admin-
istration officials said. Tbey'said it was
endorsed last week by White House
aides over the opposition of some State
Department experts on Latin America.
An advance text was made available
by a foreign policy adviser involved in
its preparation.
It says, in part, "As long as Congress
keeps crippling the President's mill-
tary assistance program, we will have
a policyalwavs shy of.success." It also
says: "The President's policy for Cen-
tral America has not been given a
chance to work. Congress has denied
-the President the means to succeed."
'An Arsenal for Insurgency'
In addition, the speech offers the
clearest statement to date by the Ad-,
ministration on United States opposi-
tion to the Nicaraguan Government.
"We must prevent consolidation of a
Sandinista, regime in Nicaragua-. that
would become an arsenal for insurgen-
cy, " the text says. "If we cannot pre-
vent that, we have to anticipate the
partition of Central America. Such a,
development would then force us to
-man a new military frontline of the
East-West conflict, right here on our
continent.,'
Senior Administration officials said
the speech will be the kickoff for an in-
tense Administration campaign this
fall to fight for increases in security'
assistance to El Salvador and Hon
duras and against a cutoff in American !
support for Nicaraguan rebels. .. -'
- Congress has not completed action
on a series of requests for supplemen-
tal security assistance for El Salvador
and Honduras for the current fiscal
year, but the Senate and House com-
mittees involved have approved less
than half of the $110 million in extra'
money 'asked for El Salvador. The
House voted last month to end support
for Nicaraguan rebels.
'We're Fed Up'
`-'We've had it with the opposition in
Congress," a senior Administration of-
ficial said today. "We're fed up ,with
their interference on one hand and
their lack of support on the other -and
we intend to fight for what we think is a
minimum American commitment in
the region."
The decision to go on the attack,
which was reportedly supported by De-
fense Secretary Caspar W. Weinber-
ger, William P. Clark, the White House
national security adviser, and William
J. Casey, the Director of Central Intel-.
ligence, appears to end a protracted de-
bate within the Administration about
bow best to deal with Congress on Cen-
tral America. -
The State Department has advocated
using a conciliatory posture to try to
negotiate compromises with Congress
on security assistance and support for
Nicaraguan rebels.
This tactic was openly ridiculed by
Defense Department officials, includ-
ing Mr. Ikle, who argued that the best
way to handle Congress was to hold out
for the Administration's goals and
make Congress take responsibility if
Americaipolicy failed.
Administration officials see the com-
ing fight as a crossroads for American
policy in Central America. They are
particularly concerned that a failure to,
obtain continued financing for Nicara-
guan rebels in the 1984 fiscal year,
which begins next month, will lead to a
serious setback for United States inter
ests in the region. The Administration
has requested $50. million to finance
rebel activities in fiscal 1984.
The House, whidti has voted to cut off
financing for the Nicaraguan rebels in
fiscal 1983, is not expected to approve
any money for the operation in budget
bills for 1964. The Republican-con-
trolled Senate, which has not supported
last month's House cutoff, is likely to
vote to extend the financing, forcing
the two houses to resolve the issue
when the budget legislation comes up
for compromise negotiations between
the House and Senate.
-The text of Mr. Ikle's speech warns
that a failure to extend financing could
allow Nicaragua to become a "second
Cuba" that would pose. a direct mili-
tary threat to its neighbors. In a direct
slap at the House vote to cut off money
for the rebels, the text says, "The
House, in effect, voted to establish: a
sanctuary for the Sandinistas." It goes
on to charge that a failure by-Congress
to continie financing for the rebels
would be Tantamount to creating "safe
havens" fcir terrorist and insurgent at-
tacks.
Approved For Release 2005/11/28 : CIA-RDP91-00901 R000400070001-9
 For Release 20M TAW. M P91-009
ON PAGE 54 11 September 1983
The Purloined
Paper Chase
Congressional investigators look
ing into how Jimmy Cart_er's debate
briefing papers got into Reagan
aides' hands in 1980 haven't found a
smoking gun, but they may have
come up with a hot copying machine.
It was disclosed last week that a
low-level Reagan campaign worker
had testified privately about making
duplicates of Carter briefing materi-
als on the orders of aides to James A.
Baker 3d, who is now the White
House chief of staff. The campaign
worker, Mark J. Ashworth, said that
on three of the four occasions he was
asked to copy Carter papers he was
told the copies were for Mr. Baker.
Mr. Ashworth's testimony before a
House subcommittee, which he is ex-
pected to repeat publicly this fall,
provided the first significant allega-
tion of a direct link between Mr.
Baker and the Carter papers. Mr.
Baker has told investigators he had
only a casual connection with the
-papers and had received them from
William J. Casey, who was then Mr.
Reagan's campaign manager and is,
now Director of Central Intelligence.
Mr. Casey has flatly denied that.
Michael Wright,
'Carlyle C. Douglas
and Caroline Rand Herron
Approved For Release 2005/11/28 : CIA-RDP91-00901 R000400070001-9
 ARTICLE
ON PAGE
11 September 198.3
of Source of Campaign Notebook `?'Iber a has been a sharing
EVIDENCE GAP SEED ~~ ff of info-- I
'Mr. Baker a Regan campaign aide -aaticin," said Micah Green, staff di- i
in 1980 has said his best recollection Pecwr for the Human Resources Sub-
was that
of the Post Office and Civil
Cas gave him a black
n
S
G ~Er, \ . ,,,i I _ It L1 KI ,nmebooke con the material origi- krvice ceCo Committee, which has jurisdic-
L rLi1Y? Prepared f Mr. C'artpr to ho Et on over enforcement of the Ethirc in 1
vow in his debate with Mr. Reagan. -iiovernment Act.
Mr. Casey, who was chairman of the Green said the subcommittee,
'Iaeagan campaign, has denied being lheaded by Donald J. Albosta, a Michi-
'Memory Lapses but No Proof ti: source of the material, saying he, tgannDemocrat, hadbeen examining the
Would not have touched such a book' _50 to 60 "relevant" documents diseDv-
Criminal Acts Are Found, "With al0-foot pole. ered in President Reagan's files at the
I.,.,...r., 1At:.,.1., n,....- "even so, the F.B.I. has not yet de-; .Hoover Institution on Was, Revolution
as
W
rig ~ } 190)Ygraph, or lie-detector, to
e~ No he-detector tests have been
. y LESLIE MAITL.AND WERNER given,''--a source famfliar with the in-
=='` SPeCWt07beNn.Yort71mea }quirysaid. "No decision'bas even
been
,A-WASHINGTON, Sept.. 10--Tb,e Jus- made-whether to use them.-And it's a
tice Department is still at least . a i y important decision, -considering
month awa
y fromconcludi it i
-ngsn-
Omry into how Ronald Reagan's Pres;_
iiential campaign -obtained President
Carter's political strategy papers in
g
with the investigation. -with former Reagan and-Carter cam-
Thus far, they said, there appears to I gn =workers. Agents of, the F.B.I.
belittle reason to believe the Federal conducting the interviews are writing
Bureau
f I
o
nvestigation has ucd
novere enough evidence :to bring criminal
charges against anyone. But knowl-
edgeable Federal officials said investi-
gators had met with what one termed
Convenient lapses?of memory" on the
a5'he inquiry, expected toiastat least
another four or five weeks
accordin
,
g
'tb4fficials familiar with tho invesri
a
'
e're goi through them, and
.,we're going through the files of rele-
vantindividuals," Mr. Green said.
He said, "We have no doubt that the
F.B.b. is working quite hard on the in-
-iesttgation," and added that he did not
'tnotwwben it would be csoncluded ?
Ethical Questions at Issue
-o-"O;a inquiry is somewhat broader,
_}?ecae~se it goes to ethical questions and
tact t to whether or not a :law .has
-banker,"- Mr. Green said. "We
have tto consider whether legislation is
These 'reports are being submitted to ---vagressiona1 investigators. have
the Justice Department as soon as they private =testimony firma low-
are written, according to sources in the he level Reagan campaign aide who re,-
-ding said aides to Mr- Baker had di-
- .. ^..;. .;... i?~9
department. -
=.The ultimate decision on whether to 1 him to make copies of materials
Thomas p e- - -- wall Mr. Reagan,.
Reagan campaign. - - --' Titstice D partment.- t
"It's clear that some people should .air, a spokesman 'for Attorney Gen- is According to sources .familiar with
i+emember a lot more than they say O? 1 Yilliam French Smith, said a re- 60'at Inquiry, the former aide, Mark J.
they can remember," a Federal offi- ; oyt on the investigation -would prob. 'fthw , testified that he :duplicated
Vial observed. He'--added that certain ab be' made public whether --or not dr. Carters briefing materials on four
events would have naturally left an im- ? 'itiminal charges were filed. - 'ms and that on three of those oo_
pression on some workers' minds and 9E 'It's General Practice' tiS:asiow he was told the copies were for
mr.
that their current hazy recollections
`Bak =
suggested an effort to be less than can It has not been decided yet,,' Mr: >9" Mr Ashworth and others who have
did. DeCair said. But its general practice + alinvateiy given testimony to the sub-
-`Still unresolved, as well, are conflict-' ip-investigations of alleged wrongdoing scornrthttee will be asked to speak pub.
Ong accounts provided by two to level y' public officials to issue a report. on tlicly when it holds public hearings,
officials, William J.e findings of the inquiry," most lii"kely this fail. cgs,
'Casey, the Director of Central Intelli- ni Meanwhile, the F.B.L. is also provid-',
fence, and James A. Baker 3d, the g assistance to a Congressional sub
Mite House chief of staff. committee that is conducting its own
- -- -inquiry into the. matter. The bureau is
-doing so under an agreement .worked
out between the House subcommittee
.And the. Administration.
For Release 2W/1 II $C DP91-(V9
TAT
Approved For Release 2005/11/28 : CIA-RDP91-00901 R000400070001-9
 WASHINGTON POST
10 September 1983
KIR T`I CLE
Approved For Release 2005/11/28 : CIA-RDP91-00901R0004
Tigkteiie4 Rules Deep Nation's
boo Lon Historians
By Ian Black A year later, many historians and archiv- ! ""'hen You are an historian recognize
w:Istut~Fwn Poscs rr writer you ? its are dismayed. "We think the principle that one or two critical documents can com-
A curious spin of the wheel that brought ought -to be 'When in doubt, declassify,' pletely change the nature of the sto
President. Reagan to power just as govern- Betty said
b said Dr. Sam Gammon, executive director of y Unterberger, a faculty member at
ment archivists ''were. starting to declassify the American Historical Association. "But Texas A&M 'University. "The public's right
foreign policy documents from the Cold War now it is 'When in'doubi, classify. " to know is being-overshadowed by what bu-
years in the early. 1950s has led. to a heated He added: "`We're going to be . fighting a reaucrats say are security interests"
conflict, between the administration and the ': rear-guard action. I think we all have the Control over declassification first began to
nation's historians. sense that we're growling and retreating:" tighten up under Carter in 1979, when the
The scholars say thousands of documents, Even Under tarter, declassification was CDC was created within State's Bureau of
many more than ~30 years old, are being held . not all that rapid, the historians say. Al- Administration to centralize a process that
back by the government under stringent new though he stipulated review of government had grown hugely because of requests for t
declassification rules that demand excessive documents -after 20 years, instead of 30 documents under the Freedom of Informa-
secrecy about Iona-past events. . under President Nixon, a growing awareness tion Act.-
Following the release of huge amount of of Cold War sensitivities combined with bu- Declassification was previously handled by
material dealing with World War II and its dgetary and manpower -problems rendered the department's Office of the Historian in
immediate aftermath, the historians now , the theoretically more liberal approach in- the Bureau of Public Affairs. The office
face a diminishing availability of documents effective. _ was-and remains-responsible for publica
from the 1-950-1954 period and the increas-
ingly Rea-an's order,: according to MiltonGus-', tion of the Foreign Relations of the United
tough criteria used to justify their re tafsona head of the diplomatic records States volumes, but it now depends on the
tent on as "classified information."
" branch at the National Archives, 'confirmed' CDC for-authority to publish.
Thin
s have gradually got more and more
g
"The historian's office was
conservative," said Anna Nelson of George -the practice of the Carter order and eiirni perceived
Washington University. "With the Reagan
administration, the release of documents has
just closed up," complained Barry Rubin,
another historian of U.S.-foreign relations.
Delays in declassification, the historians
say, are making it "virtually impossible" to
write American diplomatic history- after
1950. The snail's pace of the process is also
holding up State Department publication of.
the multi-volume Foreign Relations of the
nated some of the anomalies. Carter's was too liberal, and the idea was to have a sep-
liberal in theory and conservative in practice. arate office to have responsibility for declas-
The Reagan order simply eliminated the lib- sification," said Gustafson. "It was seen as an
eral part.".
administrative problem rather than a public
The declassification process goes on every affairs matter."
working day in the State Department's Clas- William Z. Slany, the historian in the
sification/Declassification Center (CDC) to State Department office, makes the same
determine whether historical material can .be point: "Historians obviously have a different
deposited for public use in the National Ar view of documents from professional people
chives.
United States series, once admired as the There are 160 -retired foreign service of-
finest work of its kind. ficers involved. Using -a 6-inch-thick set of
Current declassification policy is based on highly-detailed country-by-country . guide-
Reagan's Executive Order 12356 of August, lines, which themselves. remain classified,
1982, drafted by an interagency intelligence these reviewers weed out the sensitive ma-
community committee to provide what ad- terial from tons. of innocuous documents, ; inthe aftermath of World War IL.` .
ministration officials describe as "a frame- leaving behind a record which the -scholars... "The world -up to .1949 didn't.have quite
work for the executive branch's information - say is incomplete and possibly. misleading. the same problems as afterward," said Edwin
security system." The classification decisions are quite corn- Thompson,- director of the Archives'recoids
The main difference between the Reagan plicated. When a visitor came to the .classi- declassification division. - - - -
order and its predecessors is not so much in fication center earlier this year, one of the "There was no NATO, no Iron Curtain, no
its standards of secrecy as in the mechanics "annuitants" employed there was reviewing a `East versus- West, the. whole deepening of
of declassification that it requires. telegram sent from the U.S. Embassy in Da the Cold War.. And you didn't have Korea.
Reagan, dropped the Carter administration mascus, Syria, to State on May 27, 1953, . Now much more detailed examination is nec-
requirement that all government agencies more than 30 years previously. He decided essary," he said. -
systematically review -their own documents that- it must remain secret because it con . Among the drafters of Reagan's executive
and said -that only the National Archives- tamed "security/classified information." order, -said- Slany, "there was.- a growing
its budget and staff drastically reduced-
need examine records depo0iplr1%,jftd For Release 2005/11/28 : CIA-RDP91-00901R000400010( TZ fFD
whose concern is the effective application of
regulations. We -are moving toward different
agendas. I regret that this office no -longer
has as much of a role as it used to."
And there is another problem: the very
subject matter -of .American foreign relations
 ARTICLE APPEARE&pplcoved For Release 200W : UA 91-00
PA 10 September 1983
J-c~piedCa
papers::
st.u n
Ashworth, 24, returned to Wright Ashwort h said he agr to testify:'
hh
iew
State Uni
B
J
'
vers
y
ames Q
Shea t
y I Dayton aefter to the subcommittee and be
Chicago Tribune holding several. low-echelon White questioned by the FBI because "I
House jobs -and a 'post with a now- am an honest person and the Presi-
DAYTON-A college student who defunct political action committee dent has asked anyone who worked.
worked as' a clerk in Ronald called Amercians for the Reagan on the campaign -to cooperate with
Reagan's 1980 presidential campaign Agenda. the.investigation.
said Thursday that a campaign offi- Last week,' Ashworth said, be worm told the subcommittee
cisl claiming to speak for James spent -14 boors talking with -subcom- ;that the documents.included coin ar-
Baker, now the Whits House chief --of mittee .members;and invests atora..of , ? P
Rea
brief' ordered him to make copies of ~-the House Post Office and Civil sons of the Carter and Re
Ser- Pmt
briefing materials prepared by Pres vice Subcommittee. Iorms; comparisons - of can=
ident Jimmy Carter's campaign or-
4c - -1-1 didates' economic proposals; a list:of
ganization: They`gave-me a lot of documents- Carter's legislative -accomplish
to look at,. and they had a 'lot of ments, 'an analysis of Carter's veto5 wbo
o copy~u~g ahchou on the fourth floor questions,"' he said. They told me and -suggested questions -and
of Reagan-Bush headquarters in Ax- not to discuss this in public or with = answers x- - -
the -vress because it still is zunder:
lingtonT
, Va.; said he copied Carter: - . ., - On one occasion .A
, shworth re-=
materials on several occasions in investigation - ..-
called, Emig Foal approached him
-cluding once when Emily Ford; an ASHWORTB SAID. he. had ap- and asked him to copy-same-of the
aide to Vice President George Bush, -geared before the subcommittee last documents that Ashworth ,remem-
told him the copies "were for .Mr., week. at its request and not under a~. bers as Carter campaign materials,
Baker." At the time, Baker was j..subpoena. 'The subcommittee plans -?I remember it $ecansae she got
Reagan's debate manager and a to hold public this fall
chief campaign bearings " ' mad at
, me," : he said. "1 was
strategist. - I Ashworth" recalled that the docu- ` working on someusi
During an interview at his parents . ments be copied were not on White g ng for Ed Meese j
suburban Dayton home,. Ashworth I.House stationer and did not bear [now counselor to, the President and
hen a Reagan cigpnaes tafficier'
received a telephone call from the' -the presidential seal or even the ` a I tole her I
FBI and was told. he was to be letterhead of the Carter-Mondale couldntmake her
questioned by agents next week. The campaign. copies then. -I got mad At her, too.
" said the .copies were for Mr.
.FBI is investigating the possibility "All of t.. the .: covers had been re- -SheBaker
th
t th
b
i
i
"
.
a
e o
ta
n
ng of Carter cam= moved,
be said.
Cpaarseenn documents by Reagan . aides He said be remembered the docu A White House spokesman said
violated federal laws. ments
however
because of the un-: Ford would have no comm
t
,
,
en
.
Ashworth said he told his story last usual nature and the manner in
week to congressional investigators which the copies were requested by
who also are trying to determine campaign aides. When he appeared
how the Reagan campaign obtained -before the subcommittee, he said, he
the papers, which Reagan aides have was, shown copies of Carter cam.
acknowledged they used to prepare paign materials found '. in Rea gan
Reagan for his nationally televised campaign files. He said he identified
debate with Carter.:. some as :the type of the documents ,
ASHWORTH'S STATEMENTS are he had copied in::1380.
being viewed as siscant, because I ? would ? stand there ' with my
of Baker's recollection that be . :.Kodak machine and
COPReagan
passed the?Carter briefing materials and Bush Re-election
to David Gergen, now White 'House documentsReagan briefing booms said, communications director, after re- thcampaign en all nf'.Papers, some comes
ceiving them from Reagan's cam- and wants you to co +
Casey manager William Casey. ~~ all of the issues have a papers Demoo.
Casey has'deni any knowledge of rratic slant. They [the Carter docu
the documents. or how they were
obtained-,-- mental :had ,different .typefaces and.,
Baker's. office said he would have - nar '
no comment on Ashworth's recollec- "I REMEMBER thinking at the
tions. But one high-ranking aide - to time, `Gee, that's funny.' I was just
Baker described Ashworth 's testimo- a naive campaign aide. I didn't real-
ay as "nonsense;" and other aides i.ze what had happened until .I started .
questioned bow Ashworth could re- reading about .it in the press. I re-
member a few documents out of the member them now because certain
thousands he had handled during the things like the typeface -are keys that'
campaign..- trigger.ypur memorX..'; . r . M
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 STAT Approved For Release 2005/11/28 : CIA-RDP91-00901 R000400070001-9
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 Approved For Release 2005/11/28 : CIA-RDP91-00901R00040
ARTICLE AFPEkR 0/$
ON PAGE .0Z
WASHINGTON POST
The Truth Tester
B, Jacqueline Trescott
Two truths about lie detectors:
1. Experts prefer the term "poly-
graph test" over "lie detector."
2. They say the examination can-
not be cheated on.
Some fears about lie detectors:'
1. An uncomfortable vision of
being strapped to a machine, watch-
ing a needle jump around if you
breathe the wrong way, beads of
sweat forming on your forehead, giv-
ing you away.
2. The growing use of the 'ma-
chines by industry and government
employers, like the D.C. police, con-
juring up again the specter of "1984."
The Great Debate:
Whether William Casey, the di-
rector of the Central Intelligence
Agency, and James Baker, the White
House chief of staff, will be asked to
take polygraph tests as part of the
Carter-Reagan debate papers inves-
tigation.
Washington has long been a cen-
ter for the Big Lie Detector Contro-
versy. It was a case argued here in
1923. Frye v. United States, that
rejected the results of a precursor of 1
the polygraph as evidence. Poly-
graph results are not admissible in
federal courts and many state courts,
and the District has one of the stiff-
est laws, forbidding employers to use
the tests. And it was a Capitol Hill
sage, former senator Sam Ervin, who
called the tests "a 20th-century in-
strument of witchcraft."
The debate over the reliablity and
application of the polygraph was re-
newed this year when President Rea-
gan issued a directive, since limited
by Congress, making lie detector
tests a condition for federal employ-
es with security clearances. Also
heating up the controversy: the pos-
sible use of polygraph tests in the
debate papers caper; and a claim by
a high-ranking Defense Department
official, who once said polygraphs
"misclassified innocent people as li-
ars," that Soviet spies were being
trained to fool the tests.
In an internal memo disclosed last
month, John F. Beary III, assistant
secretary of defense for health af-
fairs, said, "I am told the Soviets
have a training school where they
teach their agents how to beat the
polygraph."
A few days later, James. Hamilton,
the special counsel hired in the con-
gressional probe of the purloined
papers and the conflicting state-
ments of Casey. and Baker, was
quoted as saying he ? doubted,.ahe
polygraph tests could clear pp tf -e
discrepancies. Yesterday Hamilton
said, "The chairman has not decided
whether to seek lie detector tests. In
some cases it can be fairly useful."
Polygraph examinations . usually
take more than an hour. They begin _
with an interview, where the exam-
iner sets a rapport with the person
being tested. Then the questions.
The first set is neutral, with such
questions as "What is your mother's
name?" This establishes the norm of
truth, the subject's physical reac-
tions to nonstressful questions. Then
in the key questions, the examiner
watches for signs of stress, such as
changes in pulse rate or breathing.
"Polygraph examiners dislike the
The experts discount the theory
that you can put yourself in a happy
or angry frame of mind-think only
pleasant thoughts, or wear a too
tight pair of shoes (causing you to
wince), stay up for three nights, fast,
or answer in -a monotone-all this to
keep the emotional response con-
stant. , l
These countermeasures, says psy-
chologist David Raskin of the Uni-
versity of Utah, generally are. inef-
fective. "What is -potentially effective
are the physical matters, biting your
tongue, pressing down your toes at
particular points." But the-rub, says
Raskin, who did a government study
on the counter techniques, is you
have, to have coaching to know how
to use them. "A person just doesn't
stumble on this. You have to be
trained to turn off and on, do it un-
obtrusively, because there are ways
of detecting their use."
Other experts agree. "Trying to
beat the test is counterproductive.
People become more relaxed, more
confident, and are more willing- to
discuss things in an open way.. The
more the feeling you can beat it is
exposed, the less people will be able
to beat it," says James Starrs, a law
professor at George Washington
University.
Weir, a former director of internal
security for the National Security
Agency, who has done thousands of
the examinations since he started in
term `lie detector.' It, supposes de- 1951, adds, "If such a thing were
ception," says Raymond Weir Jr., possible, the criminal element would
past president of the American Poly- have had it beat a long time ago."
graph Association and one of Wash- Weir, who gave a test to the chief
ington's best-known polygraph. ex- witness against former Georgia sen-
aminers. But the "Lie Detector" , ator Herman Talmadge during ,the
show,. which flamboyant criminal Senate investigation into charges of
lawyer F. Lee Bailey briefly brought misconduct (for which he was later
to television earlier this year, select- r 'denounced), says testing Casey and
ed the objectionable term for the / Baker with the polygraph would be
show, as does the strict District law ; "exceedingly appropriate."
regarding their use, and Weir admits How accurate are the tests? "It is
the television exposure hasn't, hurt still an open subject," says .Barton
the industry. Ingraham, associate professor of
7 September 1983 /60,rw
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 Approved For Release 2005/11/28 : CIA-RDP91-00901R000400070001 ,
criminal justice at the University of
Maryland. The. skeptics claim, 20 to.
50 percent of the tests are- in error;
the proponent ,, such as Utah's Ra-
skin, said polygraph tests are "90
percent accurate, -and that is talking
about. optimum "conditions. If you
have examiners who are not compe-
tent or trained, if you have poor is-
sues, your rate is going to drop."
T here's another school of thought.
"Some statistics sy that the tests
are accurate in excess of 85 percent,
and that sounds good," says Starrs.
"But then some will say that is lab-
oratory. testing, and what counts is
reality testing. The question..be
comes, for a lawyer and forensic sci-
entist, whether the present state of
the art in polygraph testing is such
that its results should be admsible
Then -there is the human --l- -'on""
Are the examiners competent? They-:
should Have, says Starrs, :'a. natural
bent, savotr face, rapport. fih
have to be ableo; ask ypu questior;<
I# You pace- them with five-second
intervals, the person` doesn't.have'a
chance to respond and throws the
.procedure off." 04
Polygraph tests. work--every, days;-
all over the country," says Weir. "I
don't know if there,. has-..ever-:been
any. evidence that they don't. work.
The commercial-examiners-are per-
forming services for corporations,
and hard-headed '- businessmen
wouldn't pay for them if they didn't.:,
work." In the mid-1970s, before .; the'
District law against their use by pri
vate employers, tests were used, at.
Clyde's restaurant, in Georgetown,.
and thefts there were considerably
reduced.
Like everything else in Washing-
ton, polygraphs are the victims of
political cycles
Take the baker and . Casey con
troversy. Baker has -- claimed- that ,
Casey gave l im . the Carter elebate3
briefing papers,, while'Casey. h s e
John Shattuck of the America
Civil Liberties =Union,? an opponent s
-
of -polygraph' tests, ;says. "we ..do not,;-
approve of he A detector being
used for Jim aker, pot even for
William Casejf as; we . ucai~ltl Asa
prove its use on the lowest `govern:
ment employes. It, violates all -their
A
rights."
Vii, ~~,. ?, ~~t-, x~,~f- Weir says testing: Baker an
Casey might work. "It is fairly re'a-
'sonable to assume that one of their,
statements is not true, barring a
lapse of memory," he SM.,
Ingraham of Maryland says he '
thinks the implications of the debate
papers case are too importantTto,~rely-,
on lie detectors. "The costs of `being
wrong in that situation are so great,".;;
he says. "The machine is just too
unreliable."
Raskin of Utah, who is studying.
the polygraph accuracy for the Of-
fice of Technology Assessment,.
thinks the use is appropriate but
doesn't know if the results. will. spc `
cessfully answer the remaining ques-
tions. "It would depend on. how clear
those issues are in their minds. If
'Baker says he is very clear, then. he'
is testable." If Casey doesn't remem=
ber, "that becomes problematic. I
guess he could be tested ;in: relation.
to the specific statements made by
Baker."
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 STT
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ARTICLE
ON PAGE
WHJh1NU I UN NUS I
7 September 1983
13i1Z Case Intelligence
Is His
what Casey calls "the duesort
Island's opulent north -shore, in a
town.called Roslyn Harbor. It was
built in 1855 and seems untouched
by this century, except for two black
Lincoln Town Cars,..one parked
under the porte-cochere, the other
under a weeping willow and flanked
by large watchful men in blazers.
Somewhere behind them, toward the
bottom of the estate, past the sculp-
ture garden and the gazebo, lies
Long Island Sound.
The CIA has come to West Egg,
the fictional home of new money in
F. Scott Fitzgerald's "The Great. Ga-
tsby." If anyone gets shot in this
swimming pool, however, it's not
likely to be the owner, William Jo-
seph Casey.
He wears a faded golf shirt and
plaid trousers, and wanders through
a succession of rooms with 12-foot
ceilings, . intricate moldings, heavy
furniture, sconces with real candles,
and crystal chandeliers where he has
lived for 35 years in all his incarna-
tions, which include lawyer, author,
businessman, politician and now di-
rector of central intelligence. He en-
counters another security agent, this
-one in slacks and blouse, in the li-
brary dedicated to his Revolutionary
War research.
"Are they going -tolet'.:me onto
that golf course?" she asks.
Casey is golfing today at an exclu-
sively male links, and last time there
the fellows made the female agent
feel unwelcome. He assures her
they'll let her on, and continues on
to the main library, an enclosed,
paneled porch spanning the back of
the ho Half lass, padded with
of central intelligence, part of .
another goes with the job of director
of fusty Rooseveltian charm that's
Teddy Roosevelt, not Franklin. But
there are 'no horned heads on -these
walls, just photographs of Casey on
the covers,of Finance and Business
Week, and in the company -ofAmer-
ican Republican presidents.
Someone has written dialogue into
one photograph of Richard Nixon
and Casey seated in the Oval Office:
Nixon is telling Casey, `Bunny, tell
me about Bernadette's library,",and
Casey is saying, "But Mr. President,
I came here to talk about the stock
market
Bernadette is his _ daughter-his
only child.
"You can tell -a lot about a man
from his books," says Casey, 70, who
has collected them for years. 'A hell
of a lot more than you can tell from
his bank account"
His books deal with World War
II, biography, Christian missions to
the undeveloped world, ancient his-
tory. The handbooks on law, finance
and real estate that Casey produced
as a young man, books that made
him moderately wealthy, are stacked
under the window.
A CIA officer in coat and tie sits
nearby, a notebook on his lap. Being
surrounded by guards of one sort or
B'y James Conaway,
HE SIGN says "May-
knoll"-a huge, .. somber
Victorian house-at the end
of a shaded drive on Long
ask the questions that -Casey:l
annoying when ' he -does. not find Y
them infuriating.
"The director will blow up". an
aide has warned. "Something you
ask will trigger it. He'll come up out
of his chair. But it quickly passes."
"The way you guys work," Casey
says, blinking rapidly behind, his
Yves St. Laurent spectacles, "the
way the media works, they put a
APP6W~4e f"R*t4fN4(JJJ38 : CIA-RDP91-00901 R000400070001-9
 TA
ARTICLE APPE -oved For Release 200WOMMEW-RDP91-00901 R0004
ON PAGE 17-1 5 September 1983
U.S. SAYSSPY PLANE
WAS IN THE AREA
OF KOREA AIRLINER
But Aides Insist Soviet- Had
Ample Time for Identifying
the Commercial.Jet...
By STEVEN R. WEISMAN
SpsdaltoTLeNewYoatTimea
WASHINGTON, Sept. 4 - Senior
Reagan Administration! officials said
today that, two hours before shooting.
down a South Korean airliner off its
coast, the . Soviet : Union spotted a
United States reconnaissance plane in
the general area and . apparently
thought that both aircraft were:Ameri-
can reconnaissance planes.'
But White House and State Depart-
ment officials insisted that whatever
initial confusion might have existed,
the Smith Korean plane, a 747, and the
recorinaissanoe plane, an RC-135, were
1,000 miles apart. They. said the Soviet
military had had ample time to discern
that the plane they tracked into their
airspace was a commercial jetliner.
The Administration continued to main-
tain that there was no way the Russians
could have mistaken the identity of the
plane at the time they shot It down.
Congressional Leaders Briefed
The new information about the epi-
sode came to light today as President
Reagan briefed Republican and Demo-
ressional leaders at the
cratic Con
.
g
White House on the Administration's na.rssance plane. But he stressed that
response to the downing of the Korean the Soviet pilots had both the means.
and the time - more than an hour and
p a half - to ascertain the truth.
Mr. Reagan scheduled a national. The official also emphasized that the
television address for Monday night at American reconnaissance plane had
8 P.M., at which he plans to disclose never ventured into Soviet territory, as,
some of the actions be plans to take the Korean plane did, and that it-,re.
against the Russians and some of those mained 1,000 miles away from the si'te'
he plans to seek in various interne- I where the Korean plane was shot down. I
tional forums. r In addition, he said that the Russians .I
were aware that American recori ais. ,
lance planes operated routinely off the
Soviet coast and that the plane's pees-",
ence should not itself have represented
anything unusual.
Paths of 2 Planes Crossed
Another official said that the paths of'
the Korean airliner and the Americsn r
reconaissance plane crossed in intern-.-
tional waters off the Soviet coast, but,
Approved For R that the 1 ,.n jevdfdc1W ffAar 0
This official say
after misidentifying the Korean plane
. Larry Speakes, the 'White House as a reconnaissance plane, the Rus-
spokesman, said that as the Russians suns changed their identification. to -
of the Senate, as well as Mr. Wright.
and Representatives Thomas p,.
O'Neill Jr. and Robert H. Michel, the
.Her and majority deader of the
Mr. Speakes said the meeting has.
... .. -"` He and others repeated the a
plane, ..particularly with the visual ? of all Reagan Administration offimos
and the radar information available to that the Soviet Union come forward
them, when they shot it down, they with its own evidence, perhaps includ-, should have known irrefutably that it ing radio communications to shed
was a civilian airliner." light on whether they had made a mis-
Nevertheless, the disclosure of a sec-' take or had deliberately shot down a _
nod plane in the general area of the Ko- civilian airplane, as the United States
rean jetliner, which the United States charges.
says the Russians shot down before Administration officials said that all i
dawn on Thursday, raised new q the roughly 55 minutes of tape of Soviet-l
trans about an alread rbnfus' radio communication with the ots
y would be made Pil' "
public at "an
rode. ate forum," most likely a Unit y
At his meeting with the members.ofI tions Security Council m sche
eeting
Congress, Mr.-Reagan had an aide p3ay uled for Tuesday. . e '
tapes of the radio communication,;,i
Penalties Likelyto BeSooght
..w
Russian, of two Soviet pilots who were An Administration nffi '
said to have tracked the Korean: not to be identified, said them asid
ikel ~
jetliner on Thursday in the eight.,
minutes before it was shot down. The p would be an effort to condemn tb
translation from Russian to , Soviet Union and - aseek tio pav tion ?
ash.. through various international viatiio-
was provided orally during pauses
, ~ organizations::- Also - being oanteisn= `~
the
playing of the tapes. -initially plated is a suspension of-landing rig}-'
United States had to rely oa transIk . for Aedroflot, the-Soviet airline, in for-
lions made from Russian to Japanese, eign countries and of Aeroflot fligh%
and then from Japanese to Fns ; - from those countries. to the Soviet.
The disclosure of the presence of Union
American reconnaissance plane in The President's ~ unusual Sun-&Y-
general general area appeared to come almost' meeting with Congressional leaders
by accident, as Administration offi- lasted two hours and 40 minutes, in:_
stead of the 90 minutes that bad beM~
dais sought later to clarify some =Nn s
cheduled Also discussed in the 1 tie
lion surrounding ,the description given. part of the meeting were development
by the House majority leader, Jim; in the Middle East. -~
Wright of Texas, about the tape. .~- In attendance were Vice President
The Administration said that the: Bush, Secretary of State George ?P.,
tape contained irrefutable evidence Shuiltz, Defense Secretary Caspar W?
that one Soviet pilot intentionally shot Weinberger, William J. Casey, director;
the plane down and that he was acting" of Central Intelligence, Attorney Gea--
p~e guidance tram a ~
in eral William French Smith, Gen. Joint . -
to
station. The Administration declined to W. Chiefs of St, aff ch avid id n of the Joint
and.
make the tape public, however. rector the d Off, of O, D ice av A. Stockman,
and
A senior Administration official ask- Budget, gand Robert t Management
ing not to be identified, said after the special Middle East n McFarlane, t'he.
sppeecial M envoy.
disclosure that it was "conceivable" Also there were Senators Roward:B,.
the Russians had been confused ini Baker Jr., Strom Thurmond and Rob-
tially and had mistaken the South Po- ert C. Byrd, the majority leader, presi-
th
i
li
f
A
ri
rear a
e
r
ner
or
me
can re=- dent pro tempore and minority leacjej-
President's approach" to the downing
of the Korean airliner.
Moment of Silent Prayer
He said Mr. Reagan had called first
for a moment of silent prayer for the_
269 people lost in the downing of #kf
South Korean plane, and also for the.
late Senator Henry M. Jackson;-
"whose wisdom and guidance we could;
use right now." Mr. Jackson, a Wasji-
ington Democrat, died of a heart attack-
Thursday night. -
After the White House session, the -
Congressional leaders told reporters im
IV
VAt
t Mr. Rea-.
 Approved For Release 2005/11/28 : CIA-RDP91-00901R0004
7 RTCCLE APPEARED. i
OH PAGL A--l ..2
WASHINGTON POST
3 September 1983
Canceling the new, five-year
agreement to sell American grain to
the Soviets was ruled out in part,
officials suggested, because it would
risk an outcry from American farm-
ers ` and their political representa-
tives. It also would contradict Rea-
gan's past opposition -to the grain
embargo imposed by President Car-
ter against the Soviets after` their
invasion of Ajgl1anistan. And it
would violate uarantees in the new
agreement that make it -legally dif-
ficult to impose a new embargo.
In addition to Shultz .and Reagan,
last night's meeting was attended by
'Vice President Bush,- Secretary of
Defense Caspar W. Weinberger, CIA
Director William -Casey, Attorney ~
General William _ French Smith,
Treasury Secretary Donald T.
Regan, Office of Management and
Budget Director David A. -Stockman
and other top administration and
White House officials.-
In his statement earlier yesterday,
Reagan portrayed the Soviet regime
as having gone beyond the standards
of civilized behavior accepted by the
rest of the world. His remarks ap-
peared to go further than expressing
outrage about the incident, to sug-
gesting that the United States might
take some unspecified actions
against Moscow.
In rhetoric and practice, Reagan
has been both harsh and conciliatory.
toward the Soviets during his first
21/2 years in office. He decried So-
viet-backed repression of human
A Heinous Act'
By David Hoffman and John M. Goshko
v.ashi+ngton Po;tStat( Writers
President. Reagan yesterday accused the Soviet Union
of "flagrantly' lying about the-downing of a South Ko-
rean airliner with 269 crew members and passengers,
including at least 52 Americans, and questioned whether
,the United States can continue to talk 'with' a state
whose values permit such-atrocities."
In the strongest deiiunciation he -has delivered of So-
viet-'behavior as -president,-'--Rea-an---suggested that'-the
Soviets had gone beyond "certain irreducible standards
of civilized behavior" and had violated the "tradition in
the civilized world" ,of helping pilots who-are =lost or in
distress
Standing with his wife, Nancy, on the field, of'-the
i
lif
i
ir S
h
C
Speakes said Reagan also empha-
'sized' that the Soviets had provided
. "no . satisfactory response . . . for
their outrageous conduct" and that
the families. of those killed "deserve
a just restitution for the loss of life."
A number of U.S. officials said
yesterday that they believe that Rea-
-gan will find it difficult to go much
;.beyond rhetorical retaliation and
:such relatively limited sanctions as
..seeking international restrictions on
Soviet air traffic, placing new restric-
tions on Soviet diplomatic. personnel'
and putting off 'tentative plans for
-talks on a new scientific and cultural
on on t
a
orn
Point Mugu Naval A
tat
e
a coast exchange agreement and the opening.'
before-returning to Washington to meet last,.night with of consulates in New York and Kiev.?
National -Security.- Council, : Reagan Bread solemnly A senior' administration official
-from a prepared text:
z ?- traveling with Reagan said, for ex
"What can be said abut Soviet?credihility when they,-- ample, "I would not look for us to
so flagrantly lie about such.a heinous act? What can b-- discontinue our discussions [with the
the scope of legitimate mutual discourse with a, state, Soviets on nuclear arms control] be .
-whose value` permit such atrocities, and what are we: to,-, cause the stakes are too high. We
make of a regime which establishes one set of standards `would not be serving our own coun
for itself and-another for the rest of humankind?" An, or the world at large should we
After last night's NSC meeting, an administration -of- I -gip our efforts to achieve .true arms
ficial who asked not to be identified said Reagan would ' 'reduction.":
probably not retaliate by imposing economic sanctions, -. - Speakes said, "Arms control is a
such as canceling the new agreement to sell American . -.very important issue, probably one
grain to the Soviets, or by withdrawing from arms con. of the major foreign policy emphasis
trot negotiations with the Soviets. - of our administration."
White House spokesman Larry Speakes told reporters State Department spokesman
last ni,'r:t that the president was given a set of options John Hughes added that he was un-
"t.hat focus in a measured response to this incident." aware of any plans to call off or
Speakes said the options "would include various steps the postpone next week's scheduled re-
U.S. government could carry out in concert with mem- ."'sumption of the U.S.=Soviet negoti-
bers of the international community who share our out. ations on reducing medium-range
rage at this incident." .nuclear missiles in Europe.
Reagan is studying : a response "designed to assure Speakes said last night that the
A here will be no recurrence of an incident of this type," a;-,,+.;a co,."o+a"v f
saic tipeases. tie aaaea roar; tine president, -s cvnatucr,uK I State George P. Shultz to follow. Afghanistan. But he also cleared the
options that would take "more of a through with plans to meet next way eventually for .expanded. grain
positive. approach that will seek as-
surances" to guarantee the safety of
international air travel because cur-
rent international law is "obviously"
insufficient "where the Soviets are
concerned."
During the two-hour meeting at
the White House last night, Reagan
gave his advisers some direction, ac-
cording to Speakes, and they will
respond with recommendations by
-
week with 'Soviet Foreign Minister
Andrei A. Gromyko in Madrid. But, sales to the Soviets, and recently
Speakes said, Reagan ordered Shultz' approved the sale of pipe-laying
to change the agenda of the meeting equipment built by Caterpillar Trac-
to "center first" on the airline attack tor Co. for use in building the Soviet
incident "and then on other topics, natural gas pipeline in Europe.
specifically other violations of the
international norms that. the Soviet
Union has undertaken, .... "
rights in Poland and the invasion of -
t it witwne~ ReaQanit
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cult with cost Ii r~ f~~..6%66
 Approved For Release 2005/A9 I ABR s00901 R00
2 September 1983'."
., ASHINGTON
?Ly.NE ATTACK
BY LEE BYRD
President Reagan discussed with his advisers Friday night how to retaliate
with a "measured response" against the Soviet Union for the "heinous act" of
shooting down a South Korean jetliner and killing 269 people, including 51
Americans.
The administration virtually ruled out a grain cutoff or other economic
-Sanctions, officials said, but the president questioned the value of negotiating
"With a state whose values permit such atrocities."
At the United Nations, the United States accused the Soviet Union of
"calculated, deliberate murder."
Reagan, after cutting short a California vacation, closeted himself with
national security advisers immediately upon his arrival. for nearly two hours.
White House spokesman Larry Speakes, briefing reporters later, said the
officials reviewed "a range of options that focus on a measured response to this
incident."
While declining to identify the measures under consideration, Speakes said
they included steps that could be taken in concert with allies, as well as
actions by the United States alone, aimed at assuring that "there will be no
recurrence of the incredible incident of this type" and "to allow the
international outrage to focus on thie misconduct of the Soviet Union in this
matter." /
A senior administration official indicated that economic sanctions were not
being considered by the United States. Likewise, an official indicated there was
little likelihood the United States would delay or pull out of arms control
talks with the Soviets. These officials refused to permit use of their names.
The only decision reached during Friday night's meeting, announced by
Speakes, was for Shultz to proceed with plans to meet in Madrid next week with
Sove Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko. However, Speakes said Shultz's mission
now was to focus on the downed aircraft and and "other violations of the
international ncrms" by the Soviet Union."
The Madrid meeting, of participants in the Helsinki agreements on human
rights in Europe, had been scheduled to sign updating accords. Speakes did not
address the point of whether Shultz might refuse.his signature and denounce the
agreements, but did say the secretary would have a "reduced agenda."
Speakes said the options being considered by Reagan focused on
"administrative and international" steps. He did not elaborate, but said he did
not expect any decisions before the president consults with congressional
leaders Sunday. He said the administration also was consulting with allies.
Asked if Reagan felt present international rules on international air travel
are insufficient, Speakes said, "Obviously they are where the Soviets are
concerned." CONTEVUEQ
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 AY-TTCLE ppE,gR proved For Relea 09 1/3??tl{gIA-RDP91-00901
ON R GE 1. September 1983
Synfuels, NoWinFuels
By Doug Bandow
WASHINGTON - The Synthetic
Fuels Corporation is fast becoming
one of the greatest pork barrels in the
history ' of American politics. Al-
though - none of its economically
senseless projects would survive in
the marketplace without subsidiza-
tion, it cruises serenely ahead almost
without opposition, leaving misman-
agement and misconduct in its wake.
The Corporati on's president, Victor
Schroeder, has resigned, and the re-
m inirofficers are struggling to ex-
plain why they built a sauna in the ex-
ecutive suite, granted 51 consulting
contracts without competitive bid-
ding (including one for 521,000 for a
six-page memo on communications)
-and have made only two project
awards in three years, despite spend-
ing $34.5 million for administration
and hiring some 200 employees.
When it was created in 1980 - with
520 billion and the promise of $68 bil-
lion more - the Corporation was en-
visioned as the progenitor of a vital
industry, and an agency that would
work its magic through loan guaran-
tees that,would "cost the taxpayer lit-
tle or nothing," in the words of Ed-
ward Noble, the chairman.
Neither the will of Congress nor the
pronouncements of President Jimmy
Carter,. who was waging the "moral
ecuivalent of war," however, could
make synthetic fuels cost-effective.
Recognizing the poor economics,
Exxon dropped out of what was once
the nation's most ambitious project,
the s5 billion Colony Shale Oil plant in
Colorado, and Ashland Oil shelved
plans. for a multibillion dollar coal-
liquefaction plant in Kentucky.
The Corporation has been forced by
this bad economic news to alter its
funding strategies, which is bad hews
for taxpayers. Now, Mr. Noble says,
the Corporation will work not so
much with loan guarantees as with
price guarantees, which, like agricul-
rural price supports, will guarantee
sales at a profit, no matter what the
market price. According to the Cor-
poration, these guarantees will ac-
count for $7 billion to $10 billion of the
total of $15 billion it will spend on syn-
fuels. It plans- for now, at least- to
spend the. rest in loan guarantees.
What's a barrel of synthetic fuel
going for these days? The Corpora-
tion is guaranteeing $67, when a bar-
rel of crude oil can be bought on the
spot market for about M. And even
in the unlikely event that the price of
crude rises dramatically, the price of
synfuels will rise ever higher. When
oil cost $3.50 a barrel in 1973, synfuels
were projected to cost $4.50 a barrel.
When oil hit $17 a barrel, estimates
for synfuels went to $25. The fluidity
of these estimates is due partly to the
optimism of the synfuel industry and
partly to the fact that synfuels plants
.are themselves heavy consumers of
fossil fuels.
Moreover; the eventual output of
plants established by the Corporation
will be minimal. At the time it was
chartered, the Corporation was ex-
pected to cultivate an industry that
would produce the equivalent of
1500,000 barrels of oil a day by. 1987,
and two million a day by 1992. Today,
Corporation officials admit that even
in the unlikely event that they suc-
ceed in building every plant they hope
to open by 1991, production will reach
barely a third of the 1987 goal.
Does it make sense, as synfuels ad-
vocates claim, to spend more for the
alternative fuel than for the fuel from
which we want to be independent?
Would we be "mortgaging our energy
future" by abandoning a technology
that private firms refuse to develop?
Absolutely not. In fact, if we are
mortgaging our energy future, it is by
underwriting expensive synfuels
projects rather than allowing the
market to dictate investments in the
alternative fuels that make the most.
sense. Subsidized synthetic fuels un-
dermine the competitiveness of alter-
nate energies such as co-generation,
wind, solar power and hydropower,
while discouraging conservation ef-
forts. Private firms are loath to un-
derwrite alternative energy projects
while the Corporation is subsidizing
synfuels at the rate of $37 a barrel.
There are reasons other than cost to
keep the Government out of the syn-
fuels business. Grovernmentsubsi-
dized projects are inevitably politi-
cized and often come to fruition for all
the wrong reasons. The Peat Metha-
nol Associated project, in North Caro-
lina, which has $465 million in loan
and price guarantees, and which even
the Corporation's staff says is eco-
nomically "unpromising," seems to
survive only because it has had as in-
vestors a number of influential Re-
publicans, including William Casey,
the Director of Central Intelligence.
When asked last year what the
American people had gotten for their
money, Mr. Schroeder,the Corpora-
tion's former president, replied "one
heck of a lot of information and
1 education and understanding." If
we've learned anything, it's that the
Corporation benefits politicians, en-
trenched bureaucrats and well-con-
nected consultants and businessmen,
not the public. It's time to shut it
down.
Doug Bandow is editor of Inquiry
magazine.
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 Approved For Release 2005/11/28 : CIA-RDP91-00901R000400
ARTICLE
ON PAGE
WASHINGTON POST
1 September 1983
Capitol Punishment
The Powel s That Be
By Art Buchicald
A group of elite Eastern establish-
ment government watchers was hav-
ing lunch the other day, discussing
one of our favorite subjects: "Who is
really in charge of U.S. foreign pol-
icy?"
It was of particular concern to all
of us, because the odds of President
Reagan's running again look better
all the time.
We decided to do it by process of
elimination.
"We know it. isn't anyone in the
Stale Department," Bramhall said.
"State's been out of it since Reagan
moved into the White House."
"Haig was fired because he tried
to interfere in foreign affairs, and
George Shultz usually gets his infor-
mation on what the United States
has clone -from The Washington
Post
"What about Secretary of Defense
Caspar Weinberger? He's an old pal
of the president and has tremendous
input in foreign policy'.'
-N\ e can't discount him," Healy
Saki. -But I don't think lie's ivlr, Big.
I briieve he is more concerned with
gettin as much .military equipment
as po-sil)le for the Defense Depart-
ment. But he doesn't really care
where we use it."
"It doesn't have to be a man,"
Zeigfried said. "It could be a wo-
man.
"You mean Nancy Reagan?"
necessarily, though she cer-
tainly has the ear of the president, I
~;a tlli~tkin r of U.N. Ambassador
Jeane-Nirkpatrick. The president is
Approved
very taken with all her ideas.
Wouldn't it, be wild if a woman were
in charge of foreign policy?"
"Kirkpatrick could be the power
behind the throne," Christmas said.
"Yet I believe it's someone right in
the White House."
"What, about George Bush?"
"Let's be serious, guys. When has
a vice president ever had anything to
say about foreign policy," Cannon
said.
"There's Jim Baker, Mike Deaver
and Ed Meese."
"They're too busy worrying about
the president. getting reelected to get
involved in foreign affairs. The only
time they mix in is if they think a
policy is going to affect votes in the
United States."
"Well, that , leaves the president's
national security adviser William
Clark. He's a hard-liner on the So-
viet Union."
"He's too obvious," Trenchant
said. "Besides, I just have a gut feel-
ing he doesn't have the smarts to
conceptualize foreign policy. His
strength is carrying out. orders."
"But whose orders?" I asked.
Everyone tried to think hard.
"Bill Casey of the CIA?" Vagrant
suggested.
We ignored him.
"Is there someone in the kitchen
cabinet who could be running
things?"
"The kitchen cabinet doesn't, exist
anymore. They all went back to Cal-
ifornia after the election. Look, the
foreign policy of the United States,
as it stands now, is to blame the So-
viets for everything, but still sell
them wheat. Show American power
around the world, but don't, get
American soldiers involved. Give a
bloody nose to Qaddafi, reward all
our friends with military equipment
by claiming they are not violatin
human rights, stall the arms talks
until we get the Pershing missiles
placed in Europe, make Castro the
biggest threat to worldwide peace
and consult. with our allies only after
we've decided to do something that
they might object to. Now who is
behind all that?"
"This is just a crazy idea," Tren-
chant said. "But could Reagan him-
self .be Mr. Big?"
"You mean the president of the
United States?" I asked, flabber-
gasted.
"Why not? He's got the author-
ity."
Bramhall said, "Reagan doesn't
know anything about foreign affairs."
The thought was so mind-boggling,
none of us could finish our salads.
19&3, Los Angeles Times
 STAT
ARTICLE APPEARA proved For Release 2A9# #'? -RDP~
ON PAGE __ / September 1983
CAPITAL ALCOMMENT
^ John Sears, Reagan's cam-
paign manager until he was purged
by rival forces headed by Ed
Meese, William Casey, and Nancy
Reagan, says the President will
decide not so much whether to
seek a second term as whether to
be "cast" in the pan. With an
actor's logic, Sears says, Reagan
will take a look at the script handed
him-in this case, by his close
associates-and if it reads well
and has a happy ending, he'll take
the role. The White House is writ-
ing just such a script.
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