CHEMICAL CENTER AT FAGARAS: BACKGROUND/LOCATION/LAYOUT/ ORGANIZATION OF THE OFFICERS' SCHOOL/PROGRAM OF THE BATTALION OF LOWER RANKING CHEMICAL OFFICERS/NEW EMPHASIS ON GERM AND CHEMICAL WARFARE/MUNITIONS/DEPOT/NEW SOVIET EQUIPMENT/NE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00926A006500640001-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 29
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 20, 2005
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: October 27, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

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SECURITY INFORMATION
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION REPORT
SUBJECT Chemical Center at Fc. iras: I3ac'c ?ou zci~Location/Layo, t~~
Ort anization' of the' 0ffici rs' School/Pro ;r :Li o? the Battalion o:C
Lover Ranking Chemical Officers/Near on Germ and Chemical.
PLACE ACQU I RED Wari'a co ;.un1tioils /Depot /New Soviet
Equipment/Nearby Uranium Deposit..
DATE (OF INFO
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THIS is UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
DATE D I STR.N? OC` 1953
NO. OF PAGES;
NO. OF ENCLS.
SUPP. TO
REPORT NO.
n?~ Fri E ECORDS CE IR
fFtr ri1 ? tttj
U.S. Officials Only'
[[
{{ {
~; 1.1I 1~.H) ~ .r.: ~ {.:. i+ r.i.. s.L~i 1EFIZ(II USG
SECURITYINFORMATION
DIS RIBUT16N ? STATE ARMY EV NAVY AIR I I FBI I' [051 EV
--- This report is for the use within the USA of the Intelligence components of the Departments or
Agencies indicated above. It is not to be transmitted overseas without the concurrence of the
originating office through the Assistant Director of the Office of Collection and Dissemation, CIA.
Approved For Release 2006/011/lT C1A-RDP80-00926A0065006400014
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LID ONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
TATES, WITHIN THEMEANING OF TITLE 18. SECTIONS 793
U.S. CODE. AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR REVE?
ONTENTS TO OR RECEIPT BY AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS
T PR T OF THIS REPORT 19 PPROHIBITED.
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Background of the Fagaras Chemical Center
2 "In 1950 here was established within the Ministerul Fortelor Armate (MFA- Ministry of
25X1 Armed Fo 7-!s) a Comandamentul Chimic(Headquarters, Armvy Chemical Command). The location
nor was it known to the majority of the officers. It was rumored that it
25X1 was situated somewhere in Bucharest. But 0 only Soviet officers from this reported
headquarters inspect the Fagaras Chemical Center and Officers' School. Perhaps the
i
an
25X1 entire Chemical Center and Officers' School were under Soviet control, and the Ruman
officers were only a front.
3. "The Comandamentul Chimic organized a Centrul Chimic al Armatei (Chemical Center of the
Army) at the laboratories used by the Germans in Fagaras during World War II. It drew
on old Rumanian officers with past experience in chemical warfare.
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Lt Col.. fnu
Fagaras.
opaiescu was
1952 when he disappeared. At- a time the entire Chemical Center was surroun
Ma
y
by Securitatea troops. Lt. Col. Copaiescu was arrested, along with many other officers
of the center, including Captain (fnu) Banu. The logical inference was that as soon as
the Copaiescu had completed his organizational task and the Communists had no further
25X1 need of him, they simply got rid of him.
5. "The Commanding Officer of the Chemical Center as of May 1952 was General (fnu.) Damian.
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T6. "The officers who remained at the Chemical Center after the arrests of May 1952 were all
125X1 desperately afraid of arrest at any time. They included Lt.; Col,'(fnu) Teofileanu ,
Conunandin Officer of the Officers' School for the Chemical Arm, at the Chemical Center.
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7. "The Chemical Center in Fagaras is situated south of the Ott River and about 1000 meters
25X1 north of the Fagaras-Brasov Stalin ad line.,For location-of the Chemical Center
II and for a lde oription _-of the'"'layout" df the 'plant,.
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who really organized the Chemical Center in
He performed his duties conac en ous y not
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Organization of the Officers' School for the Chemical Arm.
~?. "In 1951 the Officers' School for the Chemical Arm at the Chemical Center of Fagaras
comprised four battalions. None of these groups actually bore a number.
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(a) Scoala de Ofiteri Superiori Politici Chimisti:Officers' school for chemical and
political officers, superior ranks. This battalion accepted high-ranking officers from
various units of the Rumanian Army and Reserve and also from the Cadrul Disponibil al
Armatei (officers discharged at the end of World War II.) The course lasted six months.
(b) Scoala de Ofiteri Inferiors Chimisti: School for chemical officers of lower ranks.
This battalion accepted Rumanian youths who had completed at least four years of either
lyceum or trade schools --patru clase secundare,had a 'sane social origin' and were,
preferably, members of the UTM orPMR. The course lasted a year.
(c) Scoala Ofiteri Chimisti Inferiori cu Program Aparte: Special school for chemical
officers of lower ranks. This battalion accepted Rumanian youths with the same education
background as the battalion above (b) but demanded a more reliable, substantiated poli-
tical record. The course lasted a year.
(d) Scoala de Instructori Chimisti: School for chemical instructors. This battalion
accepted for special training courses NCO's (sergeants or corporals) from various
25X1 branches of the Rumanian Army. The course lasted six months.
(a) The practical and theoretical instruction for the third battalion -- Scoala Ofiteri
Chimisti Inferiori cu Program A arte-- was more or less identical with that of the
25X1 second battalion (b above). The difference lay in the military instruction. While
battalion received instruction on Ofensiva-defensiva de front si aparare pasiva interna--
25X1attack and defense in the front lines and 'internal passive defense',,,which was adapted
II to all military branches including the air force, Note: may
25X1 be referring to a published manuaijthe third battalion c above) receivey`J.r.-
ciples of:
- El ctricity
- Dynamics
m 1`daGneti.sm
Qpert,t .on of G-1 and G-2 r;adi,:, t r ::nsr.i.tters and receivers.
Operavicn of the RuwAanian Iestitorul type telephone.
n q
(f ~ Func-t unctions of ci~her brn-richos of uh~ Af i t , :s~rces: Thi course inc:?.u> =:
brief comrcie~tts ort; .~,~......,..-,...~..~.........,...~,
-, Th1c Chem.[.cai Ar?t;i oi' the Air F Jca, 1,:axe officer candii ates
b t in Lite event oz ax, :
branch of the Air Force oW-
Npc:c? i?til 41anes,
for s e ficationt of a i i.
such a ~. kE1 C3Sl t e 4
C L'f~ * ?. vr- i cLurt 4r _,,
no
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stressed that the USSR possessed tank-
planes with a 'pulverisation' stem and.
that these planes could carry 4000 liters
of gas. The same type of plane is being
currently used to spray against malarial
mosquitoes and other diseases. It was em-
phasized that diffusion of poison gases by
means of airplane had the advantage of
speed and large radius of action. Little
data was given on the types of planes. The
course was taught by Capt. (fnu) Trandafir-
escu f see (n) below7.
- The Navy -- Types of ships. Means of decontaminating them of gas.
- The Engineers --'Chemical shelters'. De-gasification of shelters and barracks.
- Artillery -- Description of guns; classification of various types of shells.
Description of tankti and various types of Armv trucks and ei:.vines,
Organization of truck traffic movements. Exercises in the use of
tanks, trucks and motorcycles with flame throwing, smokescreen,
gasification and de-gasification units. Tanks equipped with
special heavy Soviet flame throwers are able to send a flame
100 meters.
(g) Pioneering: This course included instruction on the construction of anti-chemical
air shelters, protection of 'normal' fortifications against chemical warfare, con-
struction of various types of barbed wire fencing, how to pass through barbed wire
fencing, how to destroy barbed wire fencing and mine fields. The officer candi-
dates were taught a Soviet system of laying mine fields: the mines contain poison-
ous gases; they are connected to each other by electrical wires; the mines are to
be exploded only when the enemy are observed over the entire mine field.
(h) History of the Rumanian People's Republic:_ This subject had no assigned instruc't,O .
It was taught by various military men and civilians. The last instructor we had
25X1 was Political Officer of the Battalion of the Superior Officers' School (Chemical
Arm). The
25X1 true Rumanian history was completely falsified--or ignored. The accent was on all
historical events which could be interpreted as workers' movements or rebellions
or actions of the CP. For exam-o'". the revolution of Gheorghe Deja was attributed
to the CP. Many revolts were invented: eg. the revolt of 1 Sept 40 at Cluj. The
Communists affirm that they led r demonstration Ln Cluj against the entry of Nazi
and Hungarian troops into Northern Transylvania as a result of the German-Italian
'Diktat' which ceded Northern Transylvania to Hungary. People who actually wit-
nessed the demonstrations in Cluj at that time state the only actions which could
be attributed to the Communists were the disorders, robberies and shop lootings.
The Communists never went so far as to request Soviet help against the Diktat. The
demonstrations were proof of genuine Rumanian patriotism.
The origins of the Rumanian people were also revised. Since origins are naturally
vague and wrapped in tradition, the Communist:- have twisted Rumanian history to
prove that the Rumanians are a Slavic people. :1.1 incidents of friendly relations
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between the Rumanians and he Russians are exaggerated beyond all proportion:
eg:the case of Dimitti,Can emir who was a Voevod of Moldavia; the 'Regulamentul
Organic' of thfRussian General Kisselev in the War of 1871 (plevna); the Russian
al) Lance of 9X.i:s This distortion becomes ridiculous when one remembers that the
Russian regime prior t 1917 was Tsarist. No mention was made of the Bessarabia
regime, or the deciara ions of ch old Rumanian historians as Miron Costin. The
discussions of World Warr II emphasized the generosity of the USSR toward the
Rumanian people -- the whole.USSR might have sacrificed all for the great love of
Rumania.
History of the Communist Party: This subject has completely replaced religion.
It was taught by a young captain who was a fanatic Communist. The course was
divided into the Old and the New Testaments. The Old Testament concerned the
origins of Communism; Darwin, Engels, Marx, up to Lenin. Those men are the pro-
phets of Communism. The New Testament began with Lenin, who liberated the ensbred
world. The officer candidates were supposed to believe inZallibly all they were
taught in this course.
(j) History of Military Tactics: This course resolved into discussion of soviet t=irtic:.
and praise of Soviet strategy. It was taught by a captain H,
25X1 stressed first that the best military leaders were Russians; the best military
strategy was Soviet. World War II was virtually a Soviet victory. Capitalistic
states have since cheated the USSR by changing this total victory into a partial
victory, for once more they are supporting Fascist governoents. During Worlc .ar
II some capitalistic states supported Nazis with the intention of hitting against
the USSR, although the USSR was a trustworthy ally. The instructor put con::iderable
emphasis on partisan activity: 'The influence of this activity on the final v*irt-,,ry
cannot be overestimated.' The candidates were urged to remember that in a i:,atu.are
war, should they be cut off behind enemy lines, it was their duty to lead u.n-=,r-
ground activity: sabotage, terrorism, intelligence.
(IL) Weapons of Forei n Armed Forces (Dotarea Armatelor Straine ; Taught by variou,_
officers, including the Captain (ziu Baru who disappeared from the Chemical
Center in May 1952.L See Paragraph !F. it was rumored at the time that he w,rvx
transferred to the Fabrica Nitro-Amoniu (ammonium nitrate plant) in F*.garas, but
prison or death seems more likely. The course touched on the various chemicr:l,
germ and atomic weapons used by foreign armed forces. The course was strictly
secret: no textbooks; no notes could be taken. One cadet was arrested and inves-
tigated for a week in February 1952 because he wrote down some name on the corner
of a propaganda Pamphlet. He only got off because he was a member of the CP.
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%'11ow1ever, was very super c
The cour~7:
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ble to the physics course in the third class of lyceum, ie. bri.ef.Ly the priori is
of heat, optics, acoustics. Mechanics were c?..scussed specifically in anotb court:
tions were done with one, two and three unknowns. The trigonometry the functions, the triangles.
to second degree equations with brief graphic de?nonstratiors. r ir5,. d,--'-.;0 c.r
He could not visit the actual Chemica?. t;cr+t.c?t', and the o_xice, c.".tG.1 _.seti t.
enjoined tc reveal no military informai ion to hire The .1( ebr ~ eli a3 ?~
Algebra and Trigonometry: Taught by a civilthn who arrived in General Damian's Car,
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rigorescu, ;rife of Captain ('fnu) Grigorescu in the
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(n) Fumi ene (Smoke screens and equipment): Taught by Captain (fnu) Trandafirescu,
who robably came from the Reserve Corps. He was a rofessional
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25X1 Otaught in detail about materials producing smoke screens, but those in a
position to know said the materials were those known in World War II -- nothing
25X1 new. taught about 'a new type of light portable Soviet smoke producing
apparatus shaped like an ordinary horticultural spray, with a tank to be carried
on the shoulder. Another heavy smoke apparatus was barrel shaped with a capacity
of 300 liters. The emphasis of the course was on smoke tactics: how to establish
a smoke screen when crossing a river during an attack; how to camouflage such
militar4targets as airfields and defense plants; how to camouflage stationary and
moving armoured columns.
(o) Incendiare (Incendiary Substances) and Equipment: Taught first by Captain Trand-
afirescu and later by a young, cheerful Ceeond lieutenant. The officer candidates
were taught:
--Description and use of various types of flame throwers.
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--Notes on all incendiary substances.
--Notes on all types of incendiary shells and airplane bombs.
Practical exercises were rformed with old, slightly modified
deItalianian flame and German
flame-throwers. However ,
thrower with a range of 35 m -- the World War II German an Italian flame-throwers
had a range of 25 M. also 0 a complex Soviet flame-thrower, with
a range of 100 m, which could be fitted to tank or truck. The special incendiary
taught in detail how to
liquid contains 'Termit' 'Azot' and a 'presser'.
prepare crude types of incendiary mixtures and apparatus eg. incendiary bottles,
pc5wders etc.) for use in sabotage actions.
(p) 'De- ag sification': Taught by Lt. Bozea until he disappeared from the Chemical
Center in January.1952. He was succeeded by a captain The officer
25X1 candidates learned the usual methods of decontamination of the groun , food, ani-
mals and human beings. They also learned about such crude 'degasification' mater-
ials as ordinary benzine, urine, 'chlorine milk', brandy and cream.
(q)
Topography: Ta?24ht by Artillery Lt. Major Loan Stoicu
It was said that this course in
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topography was basically similar to that aug to Rumanian NCOs of the Royalist
Rumanian Army during World War II. Basic principles of strategy were included.
I
Chemical tactics were included within the scope of this course. They were taught
at the start by Captain Banu and later by Lt. Col. Teofileanu. Maneouvres with
smoke materials were held at the Dealul Cru.cii. Chemical tactics were studied from
two angles: straiglitforward ca.ctics *OT offensive and defensive battle; sabotage
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chemical and germ warfare tactics behind enemy lines to demoralize and weaken the
enemy forces. Members of Batalion Scoala de Ofiteri Inferiori Chimisti were instruc-
ted more fully in these chemical-germ tactics since they were considered more reliable
soldiers. ,
In April 1952, during the discussion of chemical tactics, Ia new kind
of Soviet chemical weapon: a 'rrenada tehnicolora' (technicolor renade .
no sketches aria no details of fabrication. I Ithe
e ec of this weapon on humans: it leaves a technicolored smote which affects the
optic nerves and leads to blindness. as supposed
This techni-
co or smo a could be ne within a grena e, a mortar or an artillery,shell. The
only protection mentioned. by the instructor against this smoke was special g'.a,:;ea.
the most :,.oeern Soviet gas masks which we saw had strange yellow
lenses. Perhaps the reference to this new grenade was just propaganda to impress
the Rumanian officer candidates with the technological advances of the USSR.
Mechanics: Taught by a civilian, who enjoyed the same privileges as other civilians
a the a center,--entrance`to the classroom but not to the rest of the center. The
cadets learned mostly about engines.
Anti-chemical Defense: Taught by Lt. Col. Teofileanu. The course comprised detailed
instruction on:
Preventative .teasures against chemical attacks; installation of observation posts
equipped with gas detectors and specialized personnel.
Special alarm installations: sirens, bells etc.
Traffic regulations
Organization of fire acuads
Anti-chemical shelters.
Upon ending their course these cadets were to be assigr..d to various units to give
instruction on defense ;,c.inst chemical attack and to organize military and civilian
observers.
(t) 'Protection': Taught by a captain The course included detailed
25X1 instruction on the form and use of various pieces of protective equipment, including
gas masks, anti-gas shelters, and on the protection of humans and animals against
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(u)
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Russian Langua e: Taught by a lady
tion.
The emphasis was on Russian conversa-
(v) Laboratory: Simple laboratory experiments were perfort d within the field of
organic and inorganic chemistry. More complicated experiment-. were made at the
gas chamber of the Chemical Center.
practically identical with the course on the History of the Comm~inist `:'arty. In
that course, however, the emphasis was more on the facto of the lives of the great
prophets of Communism. In this course the emphasis was on the dogma of Communism.
It began with explanations of .Darwin.:;s theory of evolution and Rngel's theory, of
materialism. it proceeded to discussions of proletarian morals, "'socialism etc.
Li-losophy: This course covered 'Historical and Dialectical latex _alism' ancl.wan
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The instructors explainecTthat 'Morals are the law of good; they teach us`, hat is
right and what is wrong. There are two sort of morals: Bourgeois-capitalist-
Christian morals and Proletarian morals. The firstysort is but a creation of the
bourgeois, of capitalists, of Christians, for the purpose of exploiting the poor.
The second sort has been created through the conscience of the workers, on the
principles of freedom and social equality.' One of the instvtict'ors for this
course was Political Lt. fnu) Balan
Accomplishment on political courses
was considered an indication of a cadet's reliability.
New Emphasis on Germ and Chemical Warfare
19. "In January 1952 a Soviet general arrived at the Chemical
25X1 Center at i'Aua.ras accompanied by Gene `e1,;.Danian (Rumanian).
Re was said to be from Headquarters The
25X1 two generals inspected the entire Chemical enter and Officer's School. The Soviet
General appeared to know by memory the correct location of all units scattered within
25X1 the center. After his inspection he held a secret conference for certain officers and
officer candidates. Many officers attached to the center, including Lt. Col. Copaiescu
and Captain Banu, did not attend, nor did all the officer candidates. Each participant
was personally invited; the criteria for selectic were lot announced. The participants
were informed ahead of time that they could take no notes. A sentry guarded each door
and window. Only officers and cadets proving special permission from the Ofiterurl
Contra-Informator ('Counter-Intelligence officer') of the Center old enter. The
25X1.an interpreter. He stressed the necessity of chaning the programs at the Officers'
School. He talked along these lines:
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'In Korea the Americans have begun toettack with gas and germs. This means that
in future wars the Geneva Convention will be no longer respected. Therefore we
must prepare ourselves for chemical, bacteriological and atomic warfare. We will
be attacked, and we will reply with the same weapons. The Americans possess the
atom bomb; we possess it also. The Americans have prepared new toxic substances,
such as Tabu$ gas which is extremely powerful and sufficient to kill a person in
three secon s. We do not yet ;.now its composition, but Soviet technicians are
studying continuously to find the secret. In our turn we have prepared materials for
chemical warfare which are not known to others. If you prepare yourselves well at
at this school you will be able to use -these materials. Meanwhile we must increase
the number of persons trained in chemical weapons and instruct every soldier of the
'peace camp' for chemical, germ and atomic warfare. In addition, every civilian
and worker must know how to defend himself from gases, germs and atom bombs. We,
must therefore, introduce in your program new courses on germ and atomic warfare.
20. "The new program on germ warfare was scheduled to begin,in summer 1952, so I know little
about it. In their courses the officer candidates had been told in general terms about
the atom bomb and germ warfare in Korea./ See Paragraph 19 (d17. In the course on
Fizio-patologie (physio-pathology) they had been taught general notions of pathological
war, though it w?s never directly stated that they were to be trained in germ warfare.
Instructors at o? casional secret closed lectures, attended always by Soviet officers,
spoke of chemical and atom bomb warfare. hone of the attending officers and officer
candidates were allowed to take notes at such sessions. I recall such. a closed lecture
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in April 1952. A Soviet officer, speaking through an interpreter, mentioned the name of
the chief of the US Army Chemical Bragch and a long list of other US Army specialists iii.
chemical and A-bomb warfare. It was Stated that successful experiments had been made
with the Soviet A-bomb in the Ural. Mountains. It was said that Comrade Beria had person-
21. "During spring 1952 many Rumanian officers from various units of the Armed Forces,
including MAI and MFA officers, arrived at the Chemical Center at Fagaras for instruction
in chemical warfare (. lr.tna chimica add tada armei respective and in the particular
weapons appropriate for their units. The methods studied were those used during Jorld
War II, for example:
--For artillery: diffusim of gas through shells.
--For engineers: diffusion of gas through mines
--For pioneers: diffusion of gas through candles, flame throwers etc.
--For air force: diffusion of gas through boinb:s.
--For the infantry: diffusion of gas through flame throwers etc.
P+Me.ibers of all units studied courses on meteorology, the cias' c2t v..-)n of gases an(?
protection a&ainst gas attac-. Members of the following units attended special. cou-4;;ses
r~ e 11:
--.r.ranic.;im,:. ?i:
Instruction in ' gaz,area liniei de fr ontiera cu substante chiaaice por-
sistente vezicante' ---spreading blister gas along the frontier line,
also levizita (mustard gas) and a.zot-inerite.
--Securitates.: a. Irjstructia Batalionaelor de i'aza- -protection and internal de "Len;sec
against gas attach:.
b. Instructia Batalioaneior de Intervertii--instruction on attack
by groups iutoanE using all sorts of chemical equipment:
b nadc gaz icene (gas F r T2cJ des) , ~trenfl de i'1. rr i %'F?Tie (smoke grerl-
accSs , 1.ut.r:.narai fazicene ,,;i fumigene' a,s end smoke cantles),
fiole gazicene, aruncatoare de flacari (flame throwers), butel i
gas), butelii fire P,azi ri si fumigene (stationary bottles of
smoke and gas . These methods were to be used in case of strikes,
i,iternal revolts and partisan activities.
--The Militia end the P'ompieri (fix6'tnea) also had special courses.
given offensive as well as defens e training.
they were
'`6tartin,g sprig 1952 all. university students graduating from chemistry, pharru. ceutical
and industrial chemistry courses were required to take courses at the Chemical Center in
Fagaras. At the end. of here courses they were to graduate as officers of various ranks
in the Reserve. In spring 1952 there were about 300 officer candidates at the Cheri:al
Center who belonged to this, category.
Munitions Depot
2.3. ~r1 c i zl de;_,o for 11uniti on; ST.ta caemica1 mp.tc:r ta,La t s lecrttcd shout 50 ai from Fagaras
on the road, to Stalin (Brasov): See Enclosure (G), a copy of a layout-sketch of. the Depot
for Nfunitions and. Chemical Materials at the Fagaras Chemical Center.
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24.
Chemical Materiel
The chemical materiel stored in depots at the Chemical Center in Fagaras include:
(a) Butoaie Incarcate cu Substante Toxice si Vezicante -- Tanks full of poisonous and
blistering substances. . 4
4, +.1,c Ac-nn+ Tnda7-1rAr9 -11Tn 1 1 , on Enclosure, i(.A .,... r_;, .(:-~.,.
(b) Bombe de,Avion Incarcate cu Substante Toxice si Veziacante--Airplane bombs loaded
wit po sonous and blistering substances. These bombs weigh about 250 kg each.
They bear different kinds of symbols. The officer candidates were taught the
spe.al secret code which indicated the substance in each bomb. Bombs bearing a
yellow cross carried mustard gas (iperita). These bombs were stored in the depot marked
No. 13 on ~Enclbsure'..(A). .: ;. Similar bombs were stored at the ammunition depot
located 500 m from the Chemical Center onithe road towards Stalin (Brasov)
(c) Butelii de Otel Incarcate Cu Gaze Concentrate la Inalta Presiune --Steel bottles,
/t size of a norms, oxygen container) loaded with concentrate gases at high
'preequres. These were stored in a building at the Chemical center litAnL sp
- : depot :: ozo and, 003114641'. 'teriahr.
(d) Protectile Gazicene de Artilerie and mortar
Mire le of various ,sizes loa ed with gaseous ui terials. ",Le , ' gUndltitiee Of these
shells were stored in the ammunition depot on the road to Stalin.
New Soviet Ecuipment
Zn,. "During the fall of 1951 about 20 Masini de degazare - Autocieterne mares, MDAO fabrieatie
sovietica -- decontamination tank,i rucks of Soviet !DAC make -_ arrived at the Chemical
Cen teen Fagaras. This type of Soviet tank-truck used for ground decontariluation looks
like a normal gasoline tank-truck with a capacity of 5000-u000 liters. It has a Diesel
engine. It has only one 'differential' on the double rear wheels. This truck. has a
special system which pulverises [sic and spreads the liquid contained in its tanks
over;.the ground. The tank and all tubes are lined with a special material for protec-
tion against acid. The substance used for the decontamination is 'clorura de calciu'
(Ca-O-Cl ). The truck has a special apparatus on the rear of the tank, which can be
used foragasification' (contamination) of the ground in time of retreat. The valve which
controls ;the 'pulverisation' of the gas is worked by the driver directly from his driver's
seat. Thus, these Soviet trucks may be used as both contamination and decontamination
units.
26.
:'r ?--Soviet prbtective equipment, which arrived in great quantities for the
Rumanian Armed Forces.
Material Divers Pentru Arma Chimica dat Centrului Chimic in Cantitati mica Pentru
instructie si exercitii--various types of equipment which arrived in small lots
for use in instruction and exercises by the chemical arm at tae Chemical Center.
The equipment included detectoare de Gaz(gas detectors) and Aparat Izolant (isolating
apparatus. US OFFICIALS ONLY
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In spring 1952 the following classes of modern Soviet equipment were arriving at the
Chemical Branch of the Rumanian Armed Forces at Fagaras to replace gradually the old
Rumanian equipmt:
(a) Material de protectie Sovietic care soseste in cantitati marl pentru dotarea intregei
 SEC M ~ AF ORIWI ii
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(c) Material chimic toxic vezicant etc. brut ambalate ca butoaie butelii marl etc.
entru_depozitare si utilizare in caz de eventual razboiu-- Large quantities of
containers of toxic materials and blister gas,etc., for storage in the depots and
use in time of war.
27e "Thus in spring 1952 the following items of Soviet protective equipment was being distrib-
uted throughout various Rumanian units. The Soviet General in his conference at the
Chemical Center in Jan 1952 stressed that a set of these protective materials would form
part of the equipment of any Rumanian soldier:
(a)
Ciorapi de protectie Sovietici de pariza cauciucata--Protective stockings made of
Soviet rubberized cloth. Replacing the Rumanian stockings which were made only of
oiled cloth.
(b) Pelerine Ruseetj Cauciucate Foarte Legere si Practice-Light, practical Soviet
rubber jacket. Replacing the old lumanian jacket of oiled cl th '
o
Manusi de protectie Sovietice de Panza Cauciucata--Soviet type of rubberized cloth
gloves, replacing the Rumanian gloves of oiled cloth.
.."own as Gas-plan .
(d) Niasca de Gaz Sovietica tip kagula cu basca de cauciuc ce acoerra jntreg capul avand
cartu,s filtrant le at direct de masca -- Soviet Kagula gas mask, which has a rubber
cap covering t e entire head and a filtrant box directly connected to the maskk.
Replacing the Rumanian '39-B Niodificat' gas mask.
(e) Trusa de Degazare (Decontamination%,-OV) -- This contained:
One tube of Lozalina tablets
Four or five cotton tampoane
Four phials of ether.
28, "In spring 1952 the Chemical Center at Fagaras received about 200 Detectoare de Gaze
Ultrasensibile Tip Sovietic Marca NACC--'Hypersensitive gas detectors of the Soviet NACC
make'. It was expected that similar Soviet gas detectors would be distributed to all
units of the Rumanian Armed Forces. The hACC gas detector functions as follows: It
is fastened on the button of the bearer's shirt. Pressure on a small bellows device
forces air through a valve into five small vials, each containing a substance which
changes color if a certain type of gas is in the air, eg. one vial will register yellow
if the ground is apread with mustard gas; one will register green if the air has much
chlorine. The total weight of the detector is 150 gms. Instructions are written on
the back in Russian language. The vials can be easily screwed in and out. When the
detector is not being used, the vials are screwed out, turned around and screwed in
again so that they are inside the detecbr instead of pointing outward. The bellows
device is also shut.
29. "During spring 1952 the Chemical Center was -supplied with special Soviet gas masks which
were much more practical than the ones in use in the Rumanian Army at the time :B ish
25X1 gas masks known as Heres-Atmer). The Soviet gas mask was known las
Ararat Izolant Sovietic cu Respiratie Dirijata Fonica si Monica. There was a phonic and
an aphonic type. The gasmask covered the entire head of the person wearing it. The
oxygen reserve lasted one Hour for an active person, one hour and a half for a person
25X1 standing still. note: Not clear in text whether this gas mass, issue is the
same as that in paragrap).2 -D.
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 Approved For Release 2006/01/17: CIA-RDP80-0092606500640001-1 25X1
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30. "During spring 1952 the Chemical Center also received supplies of L,um nare mi ena
Toxica $ovietica -- 'Soviet Type.,,-Poisonous Smoke Hand Grenade'. When this grena a is
I used the cover is unscrewedt,-r-metal ring pulled and the grenade thrown. After three
seconds it begins to function. There is NO explosion; only the very slightest noise is
heard as the smoke:.pours out.. The smoke is white.
i
31. "During Spring 1952 extensive military exercises were organized at Dealul Grucii, about
8 km southeast of the Chemical Center. The exercises were witnessed by various, Soviet
officers and civilians frotu the Cotnandamentul Chi"istic and by about 20 high ranking
Rumanian officers. These.Rumanian officers did not belong to the Chemical Headquarters
but represented various branches of .the Rumanian Acmy. All battalions at the Centex'
participated in these exercises except the Battalion of the high-ranking political
officers.
32. "These exercises furnished. the first field tests of the Lumanare Fumigena Toxica $ovietiee
-
Soviet Hand Grenade for Poisonous Smoke 7. Its toxicity had already been. tested
-/
on white mice in the as chamber of the Chemical Center. The official purpose of these
'ercises was 'Atac pe Teren Accidentat executat de Infanterie, Folosine Fum Toxic si
S ri init de Artilerie care Folosea Proiecti]e incarcate cu substante Toxice si vesicante
by artillery using shells loaded with poisonous and blister gases.) The observers were to:
a) Check the artillery fire.--the shells had colored flames (enemy: blue; friendly; red
b) Observe the meteorological conditions.
As soon as the shelling had ended the infantry troops were ordered to light with either
;cigarette or match the Soviet type poisonous 'candels', while the weather observer v?ave
,the wind conditions. Thirty seconds after the 'candels' were lighted smoke began pouring
25X1 ,out the sieve-like holes in a conical form. The
infantry-troops then advanced in a normal attack lne, wearing protective suits . and gas
,,masks (Kagula gas masks).
The cadets at the Officers Schoo were not told the substance within these 'candela'.
was known that it could kill a man within a few .minutes.
ilearby Uranium Deposit
33.. "During March 1952 officer candidates was marching on a normal field exercise
on the main Fa arcs - Stalin Brasov road. About five km beyond, the Village of .hands
25X1 F 1==~
25X1, barracks and tents of both Soviet troops and Rumanian uecuritatea...?Thererwas a large ,
25X1
25X1
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 Approved For Release 2006/01/17 : CIA-RDP80-00926AO06500640001-1 25X1
35.
36.
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workshop, excavation machinery, and the noise of .blasting and pneumatic drills. There
Were civilian workers. The large workshop was surrounded by a double raw of Soviet and
Rumanian Securitatea sentries. No civilian or meraberi of other military, personnel could
approach it. The sentries were posted about 500 a -Crow. -41-lie workshop structure.
".It was common knowledge aL the Chemical Center that this plant was on the site of a uranium
deposit.
37. "During the fall 1951 three Securitatea 'Intervention' Battalions moved up to the mountains
in the direction of the Fagaras Ammonium nitrate plant and engaged in bloody fights with
Rumanian partisans who had made contact with five Pumanian parachutists. It is.believed
that the parachutists were captured and one committed suicide by taking a poison capsule.
There had previously been a general alarm at the Chemical Center. It was rumored that
enemy planes had been spotted over the ;APR. This violation of Rumanian territory had
been reported by the observation post situated about 2,000 m north-northeast of ;the villa?e
of Galati (Fagaras). About 30 members of the Rumanian air force are attached to this
post to obsprye the skies. Other units guard the post. It was known that it possesses
a powerfuyelectric generator, the sound of which can be heard two km away."
25X1
ENCLOSURE (A): Rou h Sketch of the layout f the Chemical Center at Fa eras
.1 11
25X1 I II
25X1
(B): Sketch of One Type of Germ Bomb rich the Instructor Claimed.
25X1 the US Air Force as propped in Korea" with Legend.
25X1 (C): Rough Layout Skete of the Depozit de Munitii Si Mater-
ial Chimic al Centro u. Chimic agaras wi Legend.
25X1
(D): Sketch of Airplane Bomb Loaded with Toxic or Blistering Material with Legend
(E): Sketch of a Hyper-Sensitive Soviet Gas Detector with Legend.
(F): Sketch of a Soviet Gas Mask with Legend.
(G): Sketch of Soviet Hand ( enad.e for Poisonous smoke
25X1 (H): Sketch of a Soviet-type of Poisonous Smoke Hand Grenade, note:
it , (t)i not clear as to whether or not this represents a detail o n osure
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 r""over' for"Release 001;7D 717 -' CIA-RDP8 fiA~Q650064000 f-1 _ `. _ ... _
X1
L
3o S 3i. approved ease-z~y0610 fi ~-i CIA-RDP80-009VMMI~W500R'f5 51. N 24 59 E RESTRICTED
I or
 Approved For Release 2006/01117 : CIA-RDP80-00926AO06500640001-1 25X1
CONFIDENTIAL
ENCLOSURE (A) US OFFICIALS ONLY/SECURITY INFORMATION
Page -2 -
Rough Sketch of the Layout of the Chemical Center at Fagaras
25X1
Legend:
"Centru1 Chimi' Fagaras
111. Cladirea Batalionului Scoala Ofiteri Chimisti Inferiori--Building for the battalion
of lower ranking chemical officers at the Officers School. Ground floor, three
upper floors and cellar. This building has a mess canteen, club, offices, sleeping
dormitories, infirmary and bar.
2. Batalionul Scoala.Pentru Ofiteri Superio!i--Building for the battalion of higher
ranking officers at the Officers School. Same size building as (1.)
3.) Magazii Subterane de Alimente--Underground warehouses for food supplies.
4.)
5. Ma azie Pentru Masini.'de De azare Branduri 'Tnunuri si Diferit Material Militar
Ch mic-Warehouse for 'degasification' trucks., Minnenwerfer mortars, guns an
various chemical warfare materials. In May 1952 the first floor (US secon7
had not been completed.,
6. Birouri Administrative,-Corp de Garda Inchisoare-- One floor building witE admini-
rison
d
d
.
an
p
strative offices, offices of tbodyguar
7. Post de Control cu Sonerie de Alarms, si?Telefon-- Control post with alarm bell and
telephone line.
8. Baraci Pentru Degazarea Armamentidlui, Utilajului, Oamenilor, Animalelor Dupa
Instructia cu Gaze - Wooden barracks used as decontamination center for military
personnel, animals and military equipment after instruction with gas.
Statiune Meteorologica-- MetTorological station well equipped with all types of
instruments.
10. Uzina de Apa --'Water pl.nt''3~'probably with a pumping station. Linked to a tele
phone line. The plant is guarded by an armed sentry night and day.
11. Camera de Gaze --Gas chamber. Used for instruction and laboratory work with
various types of poisonous gases. It contains.a small workshop for the repair
of-gas masks and a department where white mice are bred for use in experiments.
12. One-story building where a few of ;the officers of the Chemical Center have: their
living quarters. They included in May 1952 Lt. Col- Teofilescu.
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 ENCLOSURE (A)
Page - 3 -
sill, 1%41~,LAALUD
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13. Depozit Subleran cu Substa: ;e Toxice Vezicarite, Sufocante Stranutatoare si
Lacrimogene-- Underground storage depot for airplane bombs containing toxic,
blister-inducing, suffocating, sneeze-inducing and tear-inducing substances.
14. Mags.zin Pentru Materiale de Transmisiumi--Depot for 'transmission' supplies and
- ~- ---
materials.
15. Magazin Pentru Masini de De azare Branduri, Tunuri si Diferite Materiale Chiulice
17.) Depot for decontamination trucks, mortars and various chemical warfare .materials.
16.) Post de Control Cu Sonerie de Alarma si Telefon--Control post with alarm bell
1$.) telephone line.
19. Corn a, is Adt i.u.istrativa-Gos2odarie (Administrative company:) nd ; W.Plu
Fanfara Militaba military band unit).
and
,,,F
20. Remiza Autoveicule - Open shed used as truck depot.
21.) Batalionul Chimic-Chemical Battalion:
22.)
23.)
21. Communications Company
22. Chemical Artillery Company
23. Mixed Company.
This battalion, known as Battalion No. 42, is an experimental unit (experimentar
de instructie)
24. Laundry.
25. Chemical Chief of Staff, Office of Gen. Damian. Luxurious building. The sentry
at the main entrance is either a lieutenant or a captain. The building is guarded
day and night. Only officers may enter, and they must carry special permits.
Soviet officers could enter witU out being previously identified.
26. Batalion Scoa'i
de Ofiteri Inferiori Ch.imisti-Building for a battalion of the
Officers' School composed of especially reliable men being trained for chemical
action behind the enemy lines. At the end of the course the best officers were
to be chosen to be sent to Moscow for Final courses.
27. Static Radio, Centrala Telefonica si TF'F-- Radio station, wireless and telephone
station. This center works on short and very short (ultra sourte) meter,bandsa
There are special communications officers. They have installed radio transmission
and reception apparatus of the 'G' type 'riot described furthe7. Aerial; on the
roof of the building.
28. Sala CinematografuluiInfra ea- Auditorium of the Infratirea cinema.
29. Ofidul de Presa al Centrului Chimic- Press Office of the Chemical Center. Edi-
torial offices and printing house for all the instruction manuals used at the center.
Pamphlets on defense against chemical warfare are prepared, also attack and defence,
sketches. All material in the center is prepared and printed here, with the
exception of the small pamphlets on 'chemical passive defense' which are considered
top secret.
300 Depozit de Arms_i_'~??t. Chimic `Depot for chemical materials. No one at the school. knew
what this building; contained as it was. sealed. 'No smoking' signs all around.
31. Caox de Garda i Past de Control - Bodyguard and Control Post.'
depots for food supplies.
32. Ma~az uberer~t>t~ _ ~mente - Underground
33. W C (toilet)
34. Ala de-Mesa de Vara - Wooden barracks used for surmer mess.
35. Gard de canduri - Wooden fencing about two m high]
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 ENCLOSURE (B)
Approved For ReAl f t s: -94 ' ~ 4 t l~TION 25X1
SKETCH BY INFORMANT OF ONE TYPE OF. GERM BOLM WHICH THE INSTRUCTOR CLATED THE U$ AIR FORCE HAS
DROPPED IN KOREA WITH LEGEND
Legend
l., "Cover with a sieve which opens automatically.
2.. "Direction wings.
3.. "Light metal body of the bomb.
4.. "Automatic opening, which, when it contacts the ground, releases the.cover (1),
Another automatic regulator may release this cover at a predetermined t1
after the bomb is dropped from the plane."
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 ENCLOSURE (G)
Page -1-
Approved ForC5pkqjW' VR?/1dIAP6Ab@OQWOMTIEON
ROUGH LAYOUT SKETCH PREPARED BY INFORMANT OF THE DEPOZIT DE MUNITII SI MATERIAL CHIMIC AL
CENTRULUI CHIMIC FAGARAS WITH LEGEND
za
%Do
oww~Wwl~s~N.M~i?r'v-I
11
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 Approved For Release 2006/01/17 : CIA-RDP80-00926AO06500640001-1
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ENCLOSURE
Page -2-
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(C)
..Legend:
"Deuozit de Munitii si MateLal Chimic a7. Centrului Chimic Fagaras
"l. The cross on the Fagaras- Stalin road.
2. A hole, about 60 cm deep.
3. Cement bridge.
4. Wooden fencing with barbed wire 250 cm high.
5. Office of the bodyguard.
6. Circular machine gun emplacement.
7. Sentry box.
8. Munitions depots. Drawn on for officer cadet training and night manoeuvres.
Fire-fighting equipment on north wall.
9. Open wooden shed under which are stored carts, empty munition boxes etc,
10. Sealed underground depots for shells of toxic and blistering substances,
10A Underground depots for toxic and blistering munitions (grenades, mortar shells
etc.) Drawn on for training and night manoeuvres.
11. Munitions depots.
12. Munitions depots. All the munitions depots have fire-fighting e,uipmento
13. Trench with machine gun emplacement.
"The office of the bodyguard (5) has two entrances. The western entrance opens into
the sleeping ward which has wooden beds (pric de scanduri). The southern door opens
into the office of the Seful de Garda (chief of the guard; either a sergeant or a
corporal). This office is linked by a direct military telephone line to the Chemi-
cal Center. The Seful de Garda carried an automatic Soviet PPS pistol and a ram ta.
The sentry carried similar arms. The bodyguard consisted of about 20 men.. They
were always dressed and alert for possible attack. In the office of the bodyguard
there were three Z.B. type machine guns and four boxes of ammunition. Each sentry.
carried no more than 15 bullets.
"The munitions depot is surrounded by a double row of barbed wire. No person may
enter between the two rows. The office of the bodyguard is separated from the
actual depot compound by another row of barbed wire fencing. When a truck arrives
to load or unload ammunition or chemical materials it must halt in the first court-
yard for the first check. The formalities last quite a while. The chief of the
bodyguard must phone several places, including the Chemical Center proper, to
announce that such and such truck has arrived. The officer of the day at the Chemi-
cal Center arrives to check the signatures affixed to the Cardin de Livrare de Munitii
(Order for the issue of .munitions). A special list of signatures of officers
authorized to sign such orders is kept at the office of the bodyguard. The duty
officer must compare the signatures affixed to the order with the signatures on the
authorized list. Only eight officers are permitted to sign such orders-7
Chemical Mater;,.
s "The chemical materiel stored in depots at the Chemical Center in Fagaras include,F
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 ENCLOSURE (D) Approved F~a~ $ I 12 0 ~1~1~7, ~rAL D0NLY9SE ~YSINF 4ORMATI0N 25X1
SKETCH OF AIRPLANE BOMB LOADED WITH TOXIC OR BLISTERING MATERIAL WITH LEGEND
Legend.-
Fuse
Front TNT (trinitrotoluene) charge
Extension of fuse tube loaded with fulminate of mercury which ignites the rear TNT charge
Sorew tap to introduce the toxic or vesicant material into shell
Chamber for toxin or vesicant material
Rear TNT charge
Fins of the shell
"The toxic or vesicant material is introduced into the shell through point 4, for storage in'
area 5. When point 1. touches the ground, the explosive (trinitrotoluene) passes to areas
-2. and 6. The explosion frees the material in 5."
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 ENCLOSURE (E)
Approved For f MgPM170FP'f6I Qi 78?0MWWI0N
SKETCH OF HYPER-SENSITIVE SOVIET GAS DETECTOR WITH LEGEND
Legend:
1.,. Button fastener
2... Fiole ?- vials
3....Suvaaaa - valve
Burduf - bellows-type device
The detector is fastened to the button of the bearer's shirt, bon the bellows device Is
pressed, air passes through the valve into the five vials. Each vial contains a aubet$AOe
that registers a certain color reaction if a particular gas is in the air, eg yellow for,
mustard gas, green for chlorine. The vials can be screwed in and out easily. When 06
detector is not in use, the vials are screwed. facing inward and the bellows deviao Is
closed. The total weight of the detector is 150 grams, The instructions on the back
are written in Russian.
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 ENCLOSURE (E
Legend:
SKETCH OF HYPER-SENSITIVE SOVIET GAS DETECTOR WITH LEGEND
25X1
Approved For Re R1,`1t :E , OcY mr1 ) ~ 9% ffION
1... Button fastener
2... Fiole vials
3... Sum -- valve
4... Burduf ?- bellows-type device
The detector is fastened to the button of the bearer's shirt. the bellows device is
pressed, air passes through the valve into the five vials. Each vial contains a substance
that registers a certain color reaction if a particular gas is in the air, eg yellow for
nustard gas, green for chlorine. The vials can be screwed in and out easily. ,-/hen the
detector is not in use, the vials are screwed, facing inward and the bellows device is
closed. The total weight of the detector is 150 grams. The i_nst:?uctions on the back
are written in Russian.
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 ENCLOSURE (F) Approved For Re"n~RR~/101~/7JS ~ ``. .1 2P)W%1 I -aftAATI0N .
Legend:
1... Hearing apparatus
2... Outlet valve
3... Intake valve
4.., Exhalation tube
5... Inhalation tube
6... Oxylite chamber
7... Preparation chamber' of inhalation of air
5... Oxygen reserve
The used air full'of carbon dioxide passes through the oxylite chamber. To chamber 7 is sent
only that quantity of air which will combine with oxygen to give the type of air for respira-
tion. The oxgyen reserve will last one hour if the person wearing the gas mask moves around,
one hour and a alf if the erson is still. "There exists a similar kind of gas mask of the
aphonic type not explains.
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 -ENCLOSURE (G) mpprvveu rCt 25X1
SKETCH OF SOVIET HAND GRENADE FOR POISONOUS SMOKE
Legend%
1... Metallic sieve through which the smoke pours out,
2... Body of the grenade, made of a light weight, blackened metal.
3... Wood.ehandle
4... Safety cover screwed over handle
To use the grenade the bearer unscrews the cover and.pulls a metal ring, then-throws
the grenade. After three seconds it begins to function. There is no explosion, only
a very slight noise as the smoke pours forth. The smoke is white.
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 ENCLOSURE (H) -CONFIDENTIAL/US OFFICIALS QNLY/SECURITY INFORMATION
SKETCH OF A SOVIET TYPE OF POISONOUS SMOKE HAND GRENADE NOTE: IT IS. NOT. CI AIR
AS TO WHETHER OR NOT THIS REPRESENTS A DETAIL OF ENCLOSURE
Legend:
1... the power wick
The poisonous smoke pours out through the holes.
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