ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF CHINA'S POWER MACHINERY INDUSTRY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-04546A003100070014-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 15, 2006
• Sequence Number: 14
• Publication Date: January 15, 1966
• Content Type: TRANS

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CR/GR 332/00012-67 (2 of 3)
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF CHINA`S POWER MACHINERY INDUSTRY
In China, since 1960, the Ta-ching oil field has been exploited
arfid the epoch-making economic change has occurred that self-supply of
oil has beco,ne possible, and it seems that with this production of
diesel engines and other power machines which use oil and oil gas as;
fuel has suddenly begun. to advance. That result has been,.plainly
showzu =n such news as successful trial-manufacture of a 6,000-kilowatt.
gas tur?~rine axtd successful trial-manufacture of an 8820-horsepower
marine diesel engine.
6,000-Kilowatt Gas Turbine
According to a New China News Agency Shanghai dispatch of T
December, China's first gas turbine was successfully trial-manufactured
recently, at the Shanghai Steam Turbine Plant.
The structure of the entire gas turbine unit is well-arranged,
it is centrally controlled by gauges, operation. is: convenient, and all
ec'~nomic? and technical characteristics are at a quite advanced level.
This oas turbine consists of three main parts - air compressor, com-
bustion.chamber, and turbine, - and with the generator and other
accessory equipment, it forms one generator. As the result of continuous
operational generation for a quite long period of time, it has been,
showm:that when the unit is set in operation, the generator reaches
rated outptxi irfi a comparatively short period of time, sending out a.
great amount of electric power, and that its efficiency is good. The
State Inspection Committee formed by the No. 1 Machine Industry Depart-
ment, Water Tl:tilization and Electric Power Department, and related units.
of Shanghai, affirmed after inspection that this units efficiency is
good, its operation equable, its starting quick, and that it conforms:
to design requirements.
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This gas turbine uses heavy oil ox filtered fuel oil as fuel,
and can use natural gas if slightly altered. This unit has no~laxg,~-
volume boiler as well as its accessory equipment and pipes, and a -
boiler room and coal yard are also unne~zessary, Also, the ~?olume. w
the entire unit is small and its weigh~:`ght, and compared w ith.a steam
turbine powerplant of the same capacity, in construction, metal material,
the powerplant building, and investment in equipment can a~.;l be reduced
by about one half. Also since this equipment has both aute~a~atic and
manual control and automatic safety equipment, operational and mainten-
ance personnel are greatly reduced.
This unit can. be used in construction. of movable powerplants,
and since it is especially suitable for use in oil-producing areas of
little water or coal, at the present time in which C.hina's oil. industry
is advancing, production of this gas turbine is considered to have
great significance,zn.development of the Chinese .economy.: Also since
this gas turbine can generate its full load in a c~omparati~ely short
period of time after being set in operation, large-sized powerplants~
of industrial cities can regulate loads at the proper time by setting
the gas turbine in operation. at times: of peak electrical c~onsumption:.~
Oas turbine power equipment is something new which has a his-
tort' of only a little more than 20 years in the world. Try Chinas in
1964,- the banking Turbine Plant huilt China's first gas turbine for
industrial use, and the capacity of this first equipment`was~1,500
kilowatts. The fact that about one year after that a 6,-.000-kilowatt
gas turbine was successfully trial-manufactured shows China.'s~spee.dy
technical development in this field.
rn the course of trial-manufacture of the 6,000-kilowatt gas
turbine, workers and technicians of the Shanghai Turbine Plant: received
strong assistance of more than 40 related units inc3uding the Railroad
Electrical Industry Bureau of the Water IItilizatior~.and Electric:Power
Department, ~Huatung: Electric Power Design Academy, Shanghai Electric
Machinery Plant, and Chinghua University, and many new processing
methods, new techniques, and new materials were made and used.
Domestically-made materials were completely used izm-the construction
of equipment, ,and it is said that even though rotors and blades which
were made using domestically-produced steel material are operated at
high temperatures of from 600 degrees to 700 degrees centigrade and
at very low temperatures of several tens of degrees below zeros good
mechanical efficiency can. be maintained.
8,820-Horsepower Marine Diesel Engine
Ana~tther 1965 accomplishment of China's power machinery which.
should be mentioned is the successful trial-manufacture of China's:
first 8,820-horsepower heavy-model low-speed diesel engine at the.
Shanghai Hutung Shipbuilding Plant. As a result of this diesel engine's
having been. installed in 10,000-ton-class large-model vessels and
having conducted sea navigation, it can be said t~ have been. demonstrated
that its efficiency is good, and since during the past few years in
China, although construction of large-sized ships and productioru tech-
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niquesof hull construction have advanced, in mar~ae'machinery it has
not been possible to produce diesel engines and they have had to be
imported from foreign countries or substitute steacm engines., successful
trial-~.a,nufacture of this large-model marine diesel engine holds:epoch-
making significance for Chs:na~s shipbuilding industry.
According to an 18 Nomber dispatch of the New China News Agency,
at the time workers of the Hutug Shipbuilding Plant began trial-manu-
facture of this machine, there wa~`no existing technical data to refer
to and also there were no machines or large factory buildings for pro-
oessin~g large-model items, Because of that, some persons held doubiis
that it was possibly too soon to now construct such a large diesel.
engine, and some persons advocated that technical data be brought in
from foreign countries, At this time, a certain. capitalist firm member
came on a visit for business talks and gave the terms that the price
for plans was several hundreds of thousands of dollars and that sazb-
sequently, as China produced each engine, four percent of the price
would be pai+~, arni even. if none should be produced several tens of
thousands of dollars-would be paid each year, Workers and technicians
of the shipbuilding plant, hearing of tkiese severe terms;, are said to:
have bestirred themselves to try to contruct this. large-model diesel
engine by their own efforts,
Before setting about manufacture of the entire machine and with
the objective of gaining experience, they first built a single-cylinder
experimental machine. In. this construction process many experiments
were advanced acrd much data came to them, and from this, basic data
was obtained It is said that many experiments failed, but they wexe
started again several times, and with repeated experiments, the various
parts were improved each time.,
Tn the process of construction, the method of the three consolida-
tions of management, workers, and technicians was adopted at this ship-
yard, and many combined native and foreign machine tools were newly
made, and equipment necessary for processing large-model parts of a:
weight of more than 50 tons was manufactured by their own effort s
At the same times technical innovations and technical revolutions
reaching several thousand items were realized in the entire plant, and
not only were construction problems of the large-model diesel engine
solved, but production. efficiency was increased and technical experience
was gained. .
.Also, in construction of this diesel engine, the plant, univer-
sity, and research institute joined together, and the three items of
desigzr, construction, and use, were unitedly advanced. Such units as'
Shanghai. Chiaotung University, Ship Design Academy Hsinhua Power
Machinery Plant, Shanghai Ship Plant, and the Hutting Shipbuilding Plant
jointly formed design groups and conducted on-the-spot designing. More
than 200 units of the entire country also provided special materials
for construction of this important product, solved experimental and
research problems=, and accomplished processing tasks.
A 2,200-horsepower marine diesel engine was also manufactured
in Shanghai last year. In order to limit weight to nine tons, the
latest techniques of welded steel plate structure and supercharging
were combined,
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New-Type Combustion Chamber Designed in Tientsin
According to a 24 October New China News Agency dispatch, a
new-type of high-efficiency combustion cha~.mber,which is the most im-
portant part of a diesel engine, was designed at the Tientsin Internal
Combustion Research Institute, and it is considered that this new
accomplishment .will make a great contribution to further development
of China's internal combustion engine industry.
This internal combustion chamber is called a "compound type"
and has "air injection" and "solid injection." Thia is the direct
result of diligent research continued for the past several years by the
Tientsin Internal Combustion Research Institute concerning increase of
combustion. efficiency, According to results of experiments, ;this type
of'10-horsepower diesel engine can put out 13 to 14 horsepower of
power, and fuel consumption is lower than other. types of diesel engines
which China has produced previously,
In this "compound type" combustion chamber, part of the fuel is
consumed by "air injection" and part. is consumed by "solid injection"
and the proportion can be adjusted. Since the good points of both the
old fuel jet method and the n~?,r jet method have been adopted and com-
bined, starting of this new engine is easy, it does-:not give off noise
or smoke, and its vibration is at a minimum, Various fuels such as
diesel oil, petroleum, and kerosene can be used.
Recent Situationiof yiesel Engine Plants
The above are China's latest accomplishments in advanced large-
model poker machine production, and in addition to this, production of
small-model power machines for the purpose of advancing water drainage
and irrigation in agricultural. villages, agricultural machines, and
mechanization of processing of agricultural products, can be said to
have truly been advanced with great horsepower, In internal combustion
engines, aside from coal gas engines., diesel enginesy and gasoline
engines, such things as free-piston gas diesel engines and exhaust
intensified diesel engines have been produced. According to a 12 Oct-
ober 196. dispatch of the Chungkuo Hsinwen~ it is said that in power
for agricultural use, several tens of kinds of power machines were
produced in 1964, and that if production. capacity is calculated in.
horsepower, it has increased to more than six times that of the First
Five-Year Plan (1953-1957).
Below, we will briefly list the present status of principal
diesel engine manufacturing plants as recently reported.
Shanghai Diesel Engine Plant
In less than two years after 1958, more than 600 pieces of
specialized eq??ipme nt were manufactured and 7 automatic and semiauto-
matic production lines were constructed. Also, the model 135 Tung-
feng-pei diesel engine which is of Chinese design and was successfully
produced by technical efforts within the plant is of excellent quality
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and all of its materials are domestically produced.. In 1965, the pro-
duction task of the model 135 Tung-feng-pei diesel engine which is the
plants principal product was increased 33 percent from the previous
year and fuel nozzles were increased 39 percent, and for the purpose
of realizing this production. task, 1,272 technical innovations were
realized in the first quarter of the year alone and every month the
production: plan was exceeded... Also., the plant is being expanded, and
in the 1 April 1965 issue of Jenmin Jihpao, an article by Kao Tso-kung,
who is the responsible designer of the No. 2 Design Seetiort of the No.
1 Machine Industry Department which designed the expansiox~ work of the
plant, was published, and according to that it was stipulated in the
expansion design assignment that investment would b~e 19,000,000 yuar
(2,850,000,000 yen), but as a result of the design it came to
35,850,.000 yuan. However, there was waste in that design, and as a
result of checking and revision, it is said that 14,020,000 Yuan of
investment was saved.
Wuhan Power Machinery Plant
Diesel engines previously used in China have been of the water-
c.ooled type, but this plant successfully trial-manufactured an air-
~ooled-type diesel engine designed by China's own efforts (New China
News Agency, 21 September 1965). This 20-horsepower air-cooled diesel
engine passed a 1,500-hour endurance test, and it was affirmed to be
far superior to the same kind of water-cooled diesel engine model,
and the weight and the amount of copper used are less than the water-
cooled type.
Hupeh Diesel Engine Plant
This plant is one of five quite large-scale plants in. Wuhan:
which manufacture electric motors, diesel engines, and gas engines of
more than 100 horsepower, Since manufacturing its very first engine
in 1953, this plant has supplied 50 percent of the diesel engines used
ire farming villages of Hupeh Province, and its 1963 product,ion~exceeded
20,000 horsepower.
Wuhan Diesel Engine Plant
Two years ago this plant could only do "rough work" such as
e~otton~gins, but in 1965 it began production of diesel engines in-
stalled in Wuhan-made "industrial-agricultural model 7" hand tractors.
This plant has had the task of making diesel engines for four years,
but the technical base of the plant was comparatively weak and it did
not have first-c ass: precision machine tools necessary for manufactur-
ing diesel engines. In this regard, workers were given technical in-
struction, technicians came, a technical innovation movement waa ex-
panded, and production of equipment by their own efforts ws!s_ undertaken,
and in a mere three or four months, blueprints were drawn up for more
than 100 specialized facilities necessary for production of diesel
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engines, and high-precision, high-efficiency facilities including such
things as diamond boring machines, revolving-table milling mao~xnes,
and fluid-pressure profile lathes.were designed and trial-manufats~ured
and it became possible to produce diesel engines, and it is said that
about one out of two of the machine tools used in the plant's production
are either made by the workers or rebuilt by them, and.they have high
repute in the Wuhan machine industry community.
Dairen Diesel Engine Plant
The 2-10 model 20-horsepower marine diesel engine is formally
produced. and supplied to fishermen.., This special-design diesel engine,
after being used experimentally for one year by fishermen of the two
districts of Chou-shan and Zu-ta, formally entered production, and the
size of the engine is small, its weight light, and starting and operatomi
are comparatively easy, and at the same time, vibration is slight, oil
is economized, and it is suitable for powering small-model fishing boats.
When this diesel engine and related equipment are installed in fishing
vessels of 15-ton carrying capacity going out .fishing in ordinary
weather, seven to eight nautial miles per hour can be traveled, .and
even: when fully loaded, they can travel four to five nautical miles
per hour. When a starting electric motor is attached to the diesel
engine, fast starting is assured ever_ in times of emergency of encounter-
ing rainstorms and at temperatures of less-.than 10 degrees centigrade.
~~,Ihen a pulley and small-sized generator are attached to the diesel
engine, the net-winder can. be operated with the generated electricity,
and at night it can be used for illumination.
Kiangsu Province Changchou Diesel Engine Plant
The model 1958 diesel engine is produced, and aside from being
used for powering hand tractors (power of "industr_ial-agricultural model
7" is model 195), it is mostly used for powering drainage and irrigation
of farm villages and processing of agricultural by-products. In March
of last year, after receiving a letter from a certain commune inlHukou
Hsien.in.Kiangsu Province saying that the cone rod of the. model 195
diesel engine made by the plant had broken and could not b.e used, an
overall examination of the quality of the product was made and production..
processing methods changed, and by the end of July more than 600 tec~h-
nical innovations were made, and the qualifying rate of the July diesel
engines was raised to 98.9 percent from. 90.5 percent at the end of the
previous year, and the qualifying rate of principal parts was increased
to 99.9 percent from 94 percent at the beginning of 1965.
Shanghai Chengfu Power Machine Plant
The "model 195-1" diesel engine is produced, and coming to grips
with. problems inherent in this engine, they recently designed by their
own efforts the "model 195-2" diesel engine which is suited to the needs
of China's farm villages and is also economical and rational. .This
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diesel engine, as compared with the old product, has from two to six
more horsepower, its weight is 40 kilograms less, and its structure is
simple.
6899
DC_12239
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