ANTI-BALLISTIC-MISSILE DEFENSE SHAPING UP AS BIG 1968 ISSUE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP70B00338R000300090003-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 9, 2006
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: May 25, 1967
• Content Type: OPEN

May 25, 1967 Approved F ~- g 6/gt/ i -llRDPl &1 38R000300090003-3 H 6139
next year. I am pleased to say that I am
in hearty agreement with the regents'
cioice, for the man selected, Dr. J. Her-
bert Hollomon, is a friend of mine and
one for whom I have the greatest respect.
'Dr. Hollomon has been a high official
of the U.S. Department of Commerce
in Washington for the past 5 years, and
he Is now serving as the Acting Under,
Secretary. His is a good old-fashioned
American success story. He came frond
,Norfolk, Va., where his parents were in,
the undertaking business. He earned'
practically all of his college expenses,
working in a foundry, to put himself
through the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. After World War TI he went
to work for the General Electric Co.,
where he was one of their brightest young
men in management before he was called
to Washington.
He was a good citizen of Schenectady,
N.Y., for many years. He headed up a
committee which reorganized the school
system. He was the president of the mu-
seum. In 1954 Fortune magazine and the
ganizations in this country and abro d,
and honorary degrees from five i-
As the senior officer of the U.S. De art-
ment of Commerce, he has held th ma-
jor responsibility for testifying efore
committees of the Congress, som 25 or
more times every session. I have ome to
know Dr. Hollomon because of t s testi-
mony, and because of occasio al visits
which a busy Washington lif affords.
Monday, the day his appoin ent was
announced, we both were in Oklahoma
and for the first time we had chance to
discuss the problems of high r education
in Oklahoma. He was ante sted in my
views because I had served s a member
of the Board of Regents f Oklaho
Iwma
4-Year Colleges. as in rested in his
because he 1s intimately ac uainted with
colleges and universities roughout the
It was a very heart war ing chat. Dr.
.Hollomon has a deep in fight into the
minds of young people, 4nd he knows
how to build an institutio to meet the
needs of the State at the s me time that
the institution is cultivati g the State's
finest resource, its young Inds. He is
a gifted man, and Oklahom Is fortunate
to acquire his talents at t is particular
DARK CLOUD HOVERING ~VER THE
FINANCIAL SECURITY OF THE
UNITED STATES
(Mr. WYATT asked and was ven per-
mission to address the House fo 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend is re-
Mr. WYATT. Mr. Speaker, rece re-
search " has pointed up some grim ta-
tistics which have shown that there is
nancial security of the United States:
This Is of interest to every man, woman,
.and child in this country.
Since 1960 the population in the United
States has grown 10 percent. During the
same period of time Federal spending
has increased 83 percent. It cannot be
argued that this Is entirely due to the
war in Vietnam because during this pe-
riod of time expenses which are not re-
lated to our defense effort have risen
97 percent. Deficits for the past 8 years,
including fiscal 1967, will total at least
$50 billion. There are now some 42 mil-
lion people receiving eeks from
the Federal Gove ment. Du the
period since 1960 deral employeeNs~v
increased by 25 rcent in numbthe
cost of the F deral payrolls has gone
up 75 percent.
At the rate e are going the decade
between 1960 a d 1970 will see Federal
regard to the
spending doubl d , without
in Vietnam.
costs of the wa
Equally alar ng is the fact that un-
in Federal spend-
less there is a c ange
ing the rate ma
dur-
ing the 1970's, which would mean a
$300 billion Fed+_ ti
1 budget by 1~80. Pre-
well double again $160 billion budget
posterous as thi may seem, I would like
to point out tha a
ely in 1960 when our
was even less li
spending was $71 billion.
There are way to prevent this grosss
Invasion of the p blic's earning power.
The hastily form 'on's problems simply
for solving our Na
must be abandon
pre-
sumes that money ailable in unlimited
quantities will solve
night. As Maurice
Director of the Bur au of the Budget
has said, "there is n such
thing as an
Instant tomorrow."
ash programs re-
suit in huge wastes a
of great magnitude wh ch pile additional
problems on top of Ose we already
have.
We must proceed to
of this country withi
our financial
means in an orderly an financially re-
sponsible manner, thro~
training, research and
development of men and
States, local government, acid private In-
dustry.
The time to start this pcess Is now,
when we are spending an eWi timated $30
billion a year on Vietnam d face the
prospects of an enormous ation to our
national debt by a deficit thesame
(Mr. RYAN asked and was given per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.) t~
[Mr. RYAN'S remarks wilt appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
V
HOUSE REPUBLICAN POLICY COM-
MITTEE STATEMENT THE
MILITARY SELECTIVE SERVICE
ACT OF 1967
(Mr. RHODES of Arizona (t the re-
quest of Mr. DUNCAN) was gr ted per-
mission to extend his rema*s at this
point In the RECORD and to elude ex-
traneous matter.)
w upport the Military S ctive Service
Act 1967 as it has be amended and
reporte . the 'Ho Committee on
Armed Services. This legislation update...,
and improves the present Selective Serv-
lce System in a number of important
respects.
In addition to extending the present
Draft Act and related laws for a period
of 4 years, the committee bill includes the
following major provisions:
First. A National Manpower Re-
sources Board is established which in
conjunction with the National Security
Council will identify those professional,
scientific and critical skill areas that
with the various age groups may be ef-
fecte the President is required to ad-
vise Co gress that such change is in the
national interest. The proposed change
will beco a effective after the expira-
tion of a 6Q-day period unless Congress
adopts a res@lution rejecting the change.
Third. A ethod of maintaining the
authorized strengths of the Reserve and
the National Guard is provided.
Fourth. Uniform criteria for future
undergraduate college student defer-
ments are establi*ed. Students receiving
such deferments Shall be placed in the
prime age group liaple for induction after
they leave school,%, receive a degree or
attain age 24, whicY ver occurs first.
Fifth. The President is required to
-establish, whenever practicable, national
criteria for' the classification of persons
subject to induction. ;Such criteria shall
be administered 'wiifprmly by all local
Sixth. Those oppd .d to participation
in war in any form bit reason of religious
training and belief sh be exempt from
service in the Armed' orces. Conscien-
tious objectors will be rkquired, if selected
for induction, to perfo noncombatant
duty or two years of ivilian service if
they are conscientious) opposed to both
combatant and nonco batant training
and service. I
Seventh. Individuals1! are prohibited
from serving on local idr appeal boards
after they have competed 25 years of
service or attained age ;75. Also, women
may be appointed to serve on such boards.
We support the recdxhmendation that
the order of call for Ol Bible registrants
be revised so that thdsb in the younger
are group would be ca,'lled to active duty
first. Under the present; system of priori-
ties for induction, the' eldest are selected
first from the age grgt p of 26 years and
under. This system hap resulted in con-
siderable uncertainty. An individual
.classified as availal l@ at 181/2 remains
subject to possible; Induction until he
reaches his 26th biri 'date. Moreover, the
degree of his expire to induction in-
creases directly wit his age and reaches
its maximum poin on the day before he
reaches age 26. The younger men, as a
group, are more adaptable to the routines
of military training and there are fewer
dependents' problems at these ages. Also,
a man who is awaiting a draft call has
greater difficulty in' finding and keeping
suitable employment.
We believe that a system of carefully
controlled student deferments must be
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 H 6140 Approved for Rel(g~1~;1~1p~B000300 90003-3 May 25, 1967
a .:Ontinued, As noted by the American Mr. CLEVELAND, Mr. Speaker, I have in both States, :including connections to
Council. on Education: today introctuced a bill which will help the highway on the Interstate System,
Students ale deferred for the national not. solve one oi', the problems };oncoinitant will be largvlded."
individual interests. to the rapid and badly needed develop- In otl ie words, Mr. Speaker, I feel
If student deferments were abolished, inent of our interstate Highway System, that my bill would help alleviate serious
the future supply of doctors, lawyers, col- At this tine, as my colleagues know, local traffic and safety conditions caused
lege professors, research scientists, grad- Federal funds are apportioned for con- by the advent of the Interstate System;
uate engineers and other specialists could struction of interstate highways on a and would insure some continuity of this
be seriously threatened. Moreover, in or- Federal-State, 90-10 matching ratio. traffic flow without putting a severe fi-
Yet, as our 41,000-mile interstate high- nr.ncial burden on the States involved.
nes those insure sere receiving student udeferments r fair- way network nears completion, many
all l ness,
shall R Y~
not dments areas, especially where the interstate
be eligible for another defer- NTI-BALLISTIC-MISSILE DEFENSE
follows a path close to a State boundary, SHAT: ] r Ul.> AS BIG 1968 ISSUE
ment except in extreme hardship cases.
And, on termination of the student de- are being inundated with problems
ferment, the individual shall be immedi- caused by this construction, (Mr. ASHBROOK (at the request of
ately liable for induction as a registrant I speak of problems created where Mr. Dui`CAN) was granted permission to
within the prime age group regardless highways a:id bridges leading to and extend his remarks at this point in the
of his actual age. from interstate highways and adjacent Ri:coaD and to include extraneous
The proposed National Manpower Re- to them are badly in need of improve- matter.)
sources Board, in conjunction with the ment, to handle the unduly heavy traffic Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, two
National Security Council, will identify brought to the area by the interstate; excellem; articles appeared in the Sunday
those occupations, professionsand areas or where, under similar circumstances, Chicago Tribune, May 21, 1967, concern-
of postgraduate study that are critically a new highway or bridge is needed. ing the controversy over the advisability
required in the national interest and that In these cases, much of this increased of building an anti-ballistic-missile de-
warrant a deferred status. Under this load and need for improvement or new fe;rse sy,,tert. As every newspaper reader
procedure, the number of deferments construction is related to the Interstate knows, there has been a running battle
presently granted to students engaged in System, for which 90 percent; of the cost for a number of years now between the
graduate study would be sharply :reduced. i;; borne by the Federal Government. Joint C fiefs of Staff and the Senate
The Board also would identify skilled Why then, should not the costs of these Armed Services Committee on one hand
trade areas critical to the national in- related needs, created by the Interstate and the Secretary of Defense McNamara
terest which require continuation of ap- System, be borne at the same ratio? on the other concerning this issue. Sec-
prenticeship programs. Trainees in such I stress this need in areas where the resary McNamara believes that an ABM
In
programs would be provided a deferred Interstate system passes near State system would be ineffective and costly
status similar to that provided college boundaries for two reasons. First is the while those favoring such a system con-
uhdergraduate students. undelying concept of the Interstate tend that the lives of those saved by the
In the past, diverse classification ac- Highway System itself, as one which pro- presence of an ABM system in a nuclear
tions by local boards have created cer- sides a national approach to safe, yet at';ack would justify the expense in ad-
tain inequities. The changes ;n the law rapid travel. dition to acting as a deterrent factor.
embodied in the proposed bill should Also of inportance is the case where As this issue could well be a factor in
materially reduce, if not eliminate, this o'ne State's portion of the interstate the 1968 elections, information on this
problem. Certainly, the uniform, stand- highway passes near the border of an- subject should be of interest to all
ards for student deferments together other State and causes the latter State citizens. To give the two articles wider
with the recommendation that, future new and untold expenses. Yet the State dissemination, I place them in the
draft calls concentrate on the younger hit with the expense may not have even RECORD. The above-mentioned items are:
age group should improve the handling been consulted about the route. "Anti-Ba,llisttic-Missile Defense Shaping
of future registrants, Also, the President I feel that a proper and suitable con- Up as Big Ii68 Issue," which thoroughly
is required to establish, wherever prac- nection of interstate highways with ac- reviews the pros and cons of the con-
ticable, national criteria for the classifi- ness bridges and highways at such inter- troversy and which was written by
cation of persons subject to induction state connecting points is important to Fred Farrar and "U.S. Nike X: A Two-
under the Draft Act, the alms of the whole program. It makes Barreled IC]3M Hunter," both of which
Although there is an acknowledged little sense to construct fine, new inter- appeared. in the Chicago Tribune of May
state highwe ys if, in so doing, we cause 21; 1967:
need for the e certain
se ,
Selective Service System serious traff c and safety problems on ANTI-BAL ISTIC-MISSILE DEFENSE SHAPING UP
hasf for or the most part, , operated success- irnmediately adjacent highways. Or if, to 1,5 BIG .:968 ISSUE-INEFFECTIVE, MCNAMARA
fully over r the last 26 years. The sound- alleviate the;;e problems, we force on the ASSERTS, BUT JOINT CHIEFS WANT IT
e
States in which these adjacent highways i By Fred Farrar)
through gfough its the demmonstonstriratedd has been ability to proven meet are located, costs nearly impossible to 1VASHII, GTOI, May 20.-One of the major
thr
meet. issues in he 1.968 Presidential campaign will
rapidly fluctuating conditions. During be whether; the United States should build
this 26-year period, approxime,tely 14 My bill would alleviate some of these an anti-bailie tic missile defense system to
million men have been inducted into the problems. It would permit States to use protect its cities.
armed services without any adverse ef- a portion oP their interstate highway Russia appears to be building such a de-
fect on the economy of the Nation. There funds for such "approach highway" im- fer.se network.. Many voices including those
has never been a scandal arising out of provements or construction, where the of the Joint chief's of staff, have said that
the administration of this law arid there need is the result of an adjacent State's there is no choice but to do likewise or be
is today public confidence in the basic portion of the Interstate System. left at the mercy of the Soviet Union.
Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara sea-
honesty of the System. The continued My bill would also include safeguards sorts othe,,wlse.
use of local boards and the appointment to insure that States did not merely im- He estinlyte it would cost a minimum of
of individuals to such boards on the rec- prove local highways, using the inter- 40 billion dollars to build an anti-ballistic
ommendation of the Governor insures state as.an eycuse; and in so doing neg- missile (AI#M) system that would protect
that the control of the System shall re- lect the Interstate System itself. United Ssatee population centers. He con-
tends the rYioney would be largely wasted.
main at the local and State level. My bill would, first of all, limit such To bull t $u;h a defense without also con-
pL'OjeCtS to percent of the State's in- strutting a nationwide system of shelters at
A BILL TO ALLEVIATE INTERSTATE terstate Federal allocation; it would limit additiona:. billions is pointless, he said. The
HIGHWAY ACCESS PROBLEMS such projects to those located within 5 shelters would protect the public from radio-
miles of the ,interstate highway itself ; active fat out from enemy missiles and from
(Mr. CLEVELAND (at the request of and it would require a finding by the the nuclear warheads an ABM system would
. to - Tuseha e way McNamara way tae ase mss, as in flight.
Mr. DUNCAN) was granted permission to Secretary of Commerce that such a prof
extend his remarks at this point; in the ect is, "the product of coordinated plan- fence cannot be Completely ely effective andffective in ABM stop-
RECORD and to include extraneous mat- ning between the States involved and plr.g an intercontinental ballistic missile at-
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 F- a NRDP118 RV "1000300090003-3
X141
Mat/ 25, 1967 Approved FFor
WMM
esult, he figures, is that up to 120 United States to further increase its offen- COMMITTEE rNDORSES MOVE
million Americans would the in an all-out live force at awesome expense to maintain Sentiment also is strong on Capitol Hill
Russian missile attack no matter how ex- America's lead in deliverable warheads. for going ahead with an ABM defense. On
could build.
SOVIETS WOULD REACT
,His prediction of 120 minion fatalities is
based on the assumption that the Soviet
Union would respond to the United States
building of an ABM system by increasing its
missile force.
His calculations also show that without an
American ABM system, and given the num-
ber of missiles Russia now has, American
casualties would still reach 120 million in an
all-out soviet missile attack.
If the U.S.S.R. did not increase its missile
force, McNamara's figures show, an ABM de-
fense would keep American fatalities to about
30 million.
JOINT BAN SOUGHT
His alternative, and so far President John-
son appears to be going along with him, is to
get the Soviet Union to agree that both sides
would not build ABM defenses.
This, he says, would maintain the status
quo of both sides having the capability to
destory each other and, for this reason, both
would hesitate to initiate an all-out nu-
clear war. And, he says, both sides would
save enormous sums of money. -
The Soviet Union has indicated that it is
willing to enter into such talks. If the talks
should fail, McNamara would spend 5 bil-
lion dollars to build a skeleton ABM system
that would protect American offensive mis-
sile sites.
THREAT Or RETALIATION
He would do this to impress on the so-
viets that the United States would protect
its capability to destroy the Soviet Union
should it launch its missiles against the
United States. For this purpose, 375 mil-
lion dollars has been included in the pro-
posed 1968 fiscal year defense budget for
the initial steps in _ building such a system.
Meanwhile McNamara wants` to improve
the offensive missile force to protect the
United States' edge over the Soviet Union
in deliverable nuclear warheads. As of March,
the United States had 1,628 intercontinental
missiles to Russia's 470.
McNamara told Congress earlier this year
in testimony on the country's military pos-
ture that "the foundation of our security
is the deterrence of a soviet nuclear attack."
STRENGTH IS VITAL
"We believe," he said, "such an attack
can be prevented if it is understood by the
soviets that we possess strategic nuclear
forces so `powerful as to be capable of ab-
sorbing a soviet first strike and surviving
with sufficient strength to impose unaccept-
able damage upon them.
"We have such power today. We must
maintain it in the future, adjusting our
forces to offset actual Jr potential changes
in theirs."
Building an ABM defense network won't,
by itself, protect the United States against
a nuclear missile attack by Russia, Mc-
Namara believes, because no matter how ef-
fective the ABM defense is some warheads
would slip thru. And for the same reason,
a soviet ABM defense could not guarantee
the soviets immunity from an American re-
taliatory attack.
As a result, MeNamara's reasoning goes,
an ABM araufor their cities they still ommendin a start on constructing an ABM
insist on detense
it after, and if, the talks are held. defense if the talks with the Soviet Union
o
But the United States, he reasoned, should
content itself with an ABM system that pro-
tects its offensive missiles only-at a saving
of 35 billion dollars-while relying on its
stepped-up offensive missile capability to
protect its cities by deterring the U.S.S.R.
from launching an attack.
It all sounds logical and "cost effective"
[McNamara's guiding policy of getting the
most defense for the least amount of money),
and it would seem to be the best answer to
the ABM dilemma-if McNamara is right.
The joint chiefs of staff, the military pro-
fessionals charged with insuring the defense
of the country, have long favored the de-
velopment and building of an American ABM
defense.
WHEELER URGES SYSTEM
In testimony last January before the
armed services committee and the depart-
ment of defense appropriations subcommit-
tee of the Senate, Gen. Earle G. Wheeler,
chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, again
asked Congress for money to start work on
an ABM system that would at least protect
the 25 biggest cities in the country.
Wheeler said there is no doubt within the
intelligence community that the Soviet Union
is indeed building an ABM system and "will
probably extend and improve their ABM de-
fenses over the coming years."
"Should the soviets come to believe," he
said, "that their ballistic missile defense,
coupled with a nuclear attack on the United
States, would limit damage to the Soviet
Union to a level acceptable to them, what-
ever that level is, our forces would no longer
deter, and the first principle of our security
policy is gone."
THREAT OF ATTACK
Wheeler went On to say that "lack of a
deployed United States ABM increases the
possibilities of a nuclear war" being trig-
gered either by accident or by a third coun-
try.
He also said that failure to build an ABM
defense would create a strategic imbalance
"both within our forces and between the
United States and the Soviet Union."
"I could lead," Wheeler said, "to soviet and
allied belief that we are interested only in
the offensive-that is, a first strike---or that
our technology Is deficient, or that we will
not pay to maintain strategic superiority.
We also believe that damage to the United
States from a nuclear strike can be reduced
by an ABM system in a meaningful way."
HIGH COST FOR RUSSIA
In congressional testimony last year
Wheeler dealt with the contention that the
soviets Would be able to penetrate any ABM
defense the United States might build.
"This is quite true," he said. "But this is
going to be a very costly process for them.
They will have to leave uncovered certain
targets in order to penetrate successfully
other targets.
"I believe the American people can afford
this defense. I have recommended this con-
sistently over a number of years, and I must
the only effective way for either nation to ommendation [while] recognizing the limi-
avoid a nuclear missile attack is to have tations. ..: '
enough missiles not only 'to break thru any The joint chiefs of staff also believe that
ABM defense the other might install but in the final analysis the effectiveness of our
also to inflict enough damage to destroy it offensive missiles as a deterrent depends on
"as a viable 20th century nation." the state of mind they create in the soviet
McNamara predicted that if the United leadership.
States builds an ABM defense, It would force If the Soviets are convinced the United
the soviets to increase their offensive missile States can. inflict more than acceptable dam-
force in order to penetrate it. Ae on them, they probably would be deterred
',This in turn, he said, would force the from attacking.
expensive, Sen. Richard Russell [D., Ga.],
committee chairman, said that "if it saves
some 20 to 40 million lives it would be worth
it.,,
CITE LOWER COST
Meanwhile, military leaders say privately
that studies done within the military estab-
lishment show that an ABM defense that
would give the United States almost com-
plete protection can be built for 20 to 25
billion dollars instead of the 40 billions
quoted by McNamara.
There is another question that disturbs
informed persons who do not share Mc-
Namara's views on the futility of an ABM
defense and the wisdom of relying on deter-
rence to ward off an attack. They are con-
cerned with persistent reports that the so-
viets have learned how to use the X-ray effect
from high-yield [up to 60 megatons] high
altitude nuclear blasts to render incoming
missiles harmless.
It was revealed last week that earlier this
year Dr. John S. Foster Jr., director of re-
search and engineering in the defense depart-
ment, told Congress in closed session that
the United States is developing P. system for
using the X-ray effect in its ABM system if
it is ever built.
SOVIETS HAVE ADVANTAGE
However, our scientists do not have the
advantage of the knowledge the soviets
gained from their high altitude tests, and the
test ban treaty now prevents the United
States from making such tests of its own.
The "hardened" underground silos, which
protect America's Minuteman I ICBMs, were
designed to withstand nuclear blasts 2,000 to
2,500 feet away. This was considered adequate
protection when they were built because it
was doubtful if the soviets could come much
closer with their missiles.
But now it is considered conceivable that
within five years the soviets will be able to
drop a warhead within 600 feet of a Minute-
man silo.
MISSILES ON TRUCKS
It is apparently in recognition of this that
the air force has revived a plan to put some
ICBM missiles on trucks or railroad flatcars.
These would in effect be mobile missile sites,
which the soviets would have difficulty
hitting.
Another question mark is whether the
U.S.S.R. will ever agree to a ban on ABM
defenses. One expert on the nuclear con-
frontation between the United States and
the Soviet Union doubts that the soviets
would. He points out that the foundation
of their military thinking has always been to
put defense first.
And, he adds, even if the soviets were con-
vinced that they didn't need an ABM system
to defend themselves against the United
States, they would still want one to defend
against any possible missile attack by Red
China.
U.S. NIKE X: A TWO-BARRELED ICBM HUNTER
Washington, May 20-If the United States
builds an anti-ballistic missile defense, it
would consist of a double-barreled system
called the Nike-X.
One barrel would send nuclear-tipped
guided missiles 400 miles into space to inter-
cept and destroy enemy intercontinental
ballistic missiles before they reach the
United States shoreline.
The other would send out smaller and
faster, but still nuclear-tipped, guided mis-
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 The article which I include covers
;round wl i:,h we,have seen; before, but it
iiges it well enough to warrant attention.
Xt was written for the Phoonix Gazette
by Elspeth ;Iuxley.
The article follows:
"EVIL" RHOI ESIA THRIvEs AMID
CIEs" FALL
(EDrroR's 31oTE-Rhodesia, #m admittedly
Imperfect democracy, has been. reprimanded
find boycotted by the black dictatorships of
Africa, and ty Britain and the United States
because Its predominantly white govern-
ment declared its Independence from
Britain. In this controversial article, a mem-
ber of the famous Huxley family denounces
the hypocrisy-and cruelty-of America's
a@,netimonioi s stand. Elspeth Huxley is the
author of "With Forks and Hope," "On the
Edge of the Rift," "The Flame Trees of
7Mika," and other books on Africa.)
s.f Africa, sh 3 equipped each of " her former
colonies watt.. a tidy suit, cut in the latest
Westminster style, of democratic institu-
tions-free elections, one-man-one-vote, par-
liaments, loyal oppositions, the lot.
Today only two out of twelve, Kenya and
Zambia, retain even a semblance, already
c'rastically altered, of this democratio outfit.
The rest have gone over either to military
aniforms or to styles designed for rulers of
single-party states. A rigid press censorship
operates in all of them.
Does the Iree world condemn Tanzania,
Sierra Leone, or Uganda as unc onstitutional,
undemocratic or otherwise undesirable?
Ives the free world pass resolutions, apply
stiictio is, talk of a "return to legality"?
Certainly not, The United States and Britain
continue to aost embassies, exchange trea-
ties, supply experts and give away to them
enormous auras of money.
No matter tiow'many elected leaders they
assassinate, ea in Nigeria; imprison, as In
Sierra Leone: no matter how Communist
trey become, as in Tanzania; nor no matter
h? W much 1 ;,hey suppress human rights,
kov ern by &icree and force thousands of
citizens into exile-they remain fully accred-
ited members of the United Nations.
Ian Smith's; Rhodesia is, of course, quite
different. I,t has minority rule. Ergo, it is un-
d3mocratIc. Ehodpsia, still, it ii; true, has a
h:gally elected government; the army con-
fines itself mainly to keeping out terrorists
trained in neighboring states by Communist
guerrillas to commit acts of sabotage; people
go about their business freely and the two
racial communities, African arLd European,
mingle In the legislative assembly, In the
nixed-race university, -and In hotels and
other public places.
Nevertheless, says Britain's Prime Minister
Harold Wilson, Smith is a `rebel"; his gov-
ernment is Ill agal, and his cabinet of rather
stodgy tobacco farmers and middle-class
businessmen ;onstitutes "a threat to world
peace," So all the nations of the world must
ostracize this wicked country and refuse to
buy its tobacco, chrome, copper, meat and
other products or sell it oil, machinery, or
anything else .as 4,250,000 people need to sus-
tain their mutinous lives. Wicked Rhodesia!
At the start of this Wilson-Sraith dispute,
Rhodesia's wickedness was said to consist in
a white minority of 230,000 ruling a black
majority of just over four million. (Had the
riling minority been black, no one would
have worried.' But this issue has long ago
been overlaid by quite another matter. It
was not much of an issue inany case, be-
cause under Rhodesia's constitution, it is
only a matter of time before the white voters
are outnumbered by black ones on the same
roll, But the present dispute has nothing to
do even with the pace of African political ad-
May 25,1967
Smith government In Salisbury, nothin
more.
By making his unilateral declaration of
independence in November 1965, Smith be-
came, is^chnically, a "rebel." This was be-
cause he die! not wait for a member of the
British royal family to come and haul down
the Union Jack and hoist a different flag to
the tunes of a prize-winning national
anthem and the accompaniment of a lot of
speeches, saluting and tribal dancing, es-
sential features of the now well-worn ritual
of gaining independence in Africa.
Rhodesia had in fact enjoyed virtual inde-
pendenc:; for 40 years. It was never under
Britain's colonial office, but under the com-
monwealth :.,elatlons office which handled
self-governing countries like Canada, Austra-
lia and India, When Smith and Wilson, after
prolonged negotiations, culminating in
abortive talks on the cruiser "Tiger," failed
to agree about the pace (not the fact) of
African -snfrarichlsement, Smith jumped the
gun.
So now his government is illegal. That is
wiat stinks in Wilson's gullet. And that is
w;aat the U.N. sanctions are all about: Not
justice to Africans, but a "return to legality"
by Smitt..
How many Americans, in wonder, realize
that they have been pushed Into supporting
a policy more or less the same as that of
George III ani Lord North? If Smith had been
prepared to kneel before Governor Sir
Humphrey Cobb 'in Salisbury to say "I have
sinned," and to hand over all the powers of
his government to Wilson to dispose of as he
thought fit, we should have heard nothing
about sanctions. It was because Smith re-
fused so to humble and hpmiiliate not only
himself, 'Jut the people who elected and now
support ::dm, that the U.S. has found itself
embroiled In sanctions against Rhodesia.
I wonder, too, how many Americans have
thought through to what this policy would
moan if At 'succeeded. Its aim is to ruin the
economy oflone of the very few comparatively
peaceful,proe:percua and efficiently governed
countries left. in Africa. Things in Rhodesia
are far fn:)m perfect but they are even farther
from the chaos that prevails elsewhere.
In Sudan, an 11-year-old civil war has
killed or driven into exile probably about half
of the Negro population of the south who
have rebialed against their northern Arab
rulers.
'['he orrce-powerful federation of Nigeria,
giant among African states, is on the road to
diesolutic a fo:.lowing intertribal massacres on
a scale that called for the bulldozing of
corpses into communal graves.
The Congo now under military rule, is
still in ferment. Uganda's single-party ruler,
Milton O3-ote sits, on a powderkeg of com-
munal strife. '['here have been five recent mil-
itary col;1 among the French-speaking
African nations. And so on.
Law and order are such rare commodities
in modern Africa that deliberately to set out
to destro3 them seems, to say the least, a bit
muddleheadecl.
And the t does "ruining the economy" mean
in human te: ms? Quite bluntly, it means
starvation. We all know that large parts of
the world are hungry, and are getting hun-
grier as p opu] atio:ns draw ahead of food re-
sources. One-third of the people in the world
are underfed. Last year, for the first time,
the increase in world food production failed
to keep pace with the increase in population.
,home nations, like the United States, feed
themselves and export their surpluses to help
feed the leuligry. On a small scale, Rhodesia
is one of these. It :reeds its own people pretty
adequately and exports, among other things,
meat and cereals. 'T'here are great potentiali-
tiee, for ralsirg more beef. Meat is one of
the United Nations' mandatory sanctions. No
one may buy Rhodesian beef. So, by U.N. de-
Approved For Release 2006/01/30 CIA-RDP70B00338R000300090003-3
1 6142
For Rele [~1~E55I(/JkALI R-pp RDB00 NnR000300d90003-3
alias to ,try to destroy enemy IcB;ids missed
by thk first barrel.
~>:PL C$1i4F.TtiT FOP. NIKE
The first barrel is the Spartan ir.issile sys-
ter, The 48-foot long Spartan is a much im-
proved version of the Nike Herculesagti-
airgraftmissile now deployed around Chi-
cago and other major cities and military in-
stallations. Its job is., to protect the country
as a whole.
The second barrel would be loaded with
the Sprint missiles system. The Sprint is a
27-foot-long, cone-shaped rocket capable of
speeds up to 17,000, miles an hour.,
Its job is to protect individual cities by
Intercepting enemy ICBMs 10, to 20 miles
above the earth. To do this it would, be
deployed around the select cities,
rAvoa 8o crrIra
I I, The decision as to what cities, If any,
would get this protection has not been made.
But the joint chiefs of staff would like.to see
at least the country's 25 largest cities pro-
tected, if not the 50 largest.
? But the missiles ,are only a part of the
Nike-X system, Possibly even more impor-
tant would be the sophisticated radar com-
plex that would be required to get the mis-
sites on target.
One radar component, the multifunction
array radar, would detect and track, incom-
ing missiles and separate the real warheads
from dummy warheads sent along for the
purpose of confusing United States defenses.
With the help of computers, it would do all
this at dazzling speed.
The second. component, the missile site
radar, would take data from. the computers
and lead the,Spartan and Sprint missiles to
their, targets.
Since 1956 the United States has spent 2.5
billion dollars in research and development
work. on,the Nike-)t system, and another 440
million dollars for further development is
included In the budget for the coming fiscal
yeas';
RHODESIA THRIVES AMID
"DEMOCRACI4S" pAIs
(Mr. ASHBROOK (at the request of
Mr. DUNCAN) was granted. permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to Include extraneous
matter,)
Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, many
attempts have been made to sum up the
importance of disassociating the United
States from the mandatory sanctions im-
posed by the United Nations against
oaesia.
Many times Members of th(~ House
and anfit he Se ate have taken the floor to
out the gross injustices of these
Actions-actions by the United Nations
and the United States which were pro-
mulgated in the name of justice.
Many times the case of the Rhodesians
has " been. brought to the attention of
Mer bers of Congress and through the
press to the people of the United States.
Before turning to another excellent
article which succinctly sums up the
dilemma in which this administration
has embroiled the American people, let
me Again say that our present sanctions
against Rhodesia are ridiculing the
principles of democracy for which this
country has stood over many years. They
are a travesty upon the United States,
the United Nations, they are dangerous,
unwarranted, economically stupid, polit-