PRESS COMMENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65-00756R000500130067-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 47
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 25, 1998
• Sequence Number: 67
• Publication Date: July 5, 1957
• Content Type: NSPR

Approved For Release 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-00756R000500130067-0
SR/DIV
(24)
PRESS COMMENT
5 JULY 1957
FOR
INTERNAL USE ONLY
DO NOT CIRCULATE
Approved For Release 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-00756R000500130067-0
Approved For Release 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-00756R000500130067-0
INDEX
PAGE
General
1
Eastern Europe
9
Western Europe
30
Near East, Africa
34
For East
38
Western Hemisphere
39
The Crisis in Communism
41
CPYRGH
New York Times Summary
International
The three veteran Soviet
leaders Molotov, Kaganovitch
and Malenkov have been dis-
missed from their high Govern-
ment as well as their party
leadership positions, the Krem-
lin announced. Reports in
Poland said they were under
house arrest. The Soviet Gov-
ernment was represent0 at the
United States Embassy's In-
dependence Day reception by
Foreign Minister Gromyko,
First Deputy Premier Mikoyan
and Nikolai M. Shvernik, one of
tile new appointees to the party
Presidium. [Page 1, Column 8,.1
The dismissal of two inern-
hers of the Rumanian Comm-
ilist party Politburo was an-
nounced, amid indications that
advance notice of the Moscow
decisions had been sent to other
Communist parties. [1:6.]
In China, the news was pub-
lished and broadcast without
comment. But observers noted
tbat the eclipse of Kaganovitch
and Molotov made Mao Tse-
thng more than ever the
senior living Communist in the
World. 14:6.1
_
Meanwhile Muscovites went
about their shopping in the
shadow of the Kremlin, and
expreased their hope that the
party in its wisdom had served
the misuse of peace and pros-
lieritT. There were a. few who
4ared to disagree with the
changes. [1:6-7.)
. In Washington, there was a
holiday calm very different
from what would have been
going On a few years ago. Both
the President and the Secretary
of State were out of town, and
the Voice of America was put-
ting out entirely unofficial re-
actions to the news. [1:7.]
Experts on Soviet affairs
thought Defense Minister Zhu-
kov would be the No. 2 man in
the reshuffled regime. [2:4-5.]
Prime Minister Nehru of In-
dia said in London that the
changes meant a return to nor-
mality after a long revolution-
ary period. [2:3.]
Senator Humphrey proposed
the formation of a United Na-
tions Good Offices Commission
to explore means of solving the
problem of the 900,000 Arab
refugees from Palestine. He said
that Israel should accept a
d'token" number of repatriates,
and that the rest should be
settled in Jorden, Iraq, and
other Arab states. 11:4.1
The Egyptian Defense Minis-
ter flew unexpectedly to Saudi
Arabia, apparently in an effort
to ease the strained relations
between the two countries and
to revive President Nasser's goat
of a neutralist bloc. [8:4-5.]
Pope Pius gave his blessing
to fashion experts at a special
audience with the personnel of
a big Rome couturier. [1:4-51
Nehru views Soviet sh.ft as
return to normality. Page 2
Khrushchev problem seen in
Malenkov's ouster. Page 3
Profile of Zhukov, the "Ei-
senhower of Russia." Page
Bonn unity hopes rise after
Soviet changes. Page 4
Bonn House approves anti-
cartel law. Page 7
Conviction of prominent Mos-
lem arouses Algiers. Page 8
Death toll estimates rise in
Iranian quakes. Page 8
Tunis and Morroco give as-
aurance to Jews. Page 9
High Nasser aide speeds to
Saud on unity mission. Page 9
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Approved For Release 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-00756R000500130067-0
CPYRGHT
Y. Times
JUL 4 195
U. S. MAY SPREAD
'CLEAN' BOMB DATA
President Weighs Proposal
to Give Others Knowledge
on Eliminating Fall?Out
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
GENERAL
/i. T. Times JjJ soo.1.1
By JACK RAYMOND
specie to The New York Tenn.
?
WASHINGTON, July 3 --
..e.eMe.. tle ...I.....e. cola Leto
he was thinking of sharing' with
the Soviet Union and other com-
es the knowledge of how to
. produce "Mean" hydrogen bombs.
Sort * step would require
legislation, be said. But he dis-
closed that he nad asked his
scientific advisers about. the pos-
sibility of sharing, and they had
suggested such a course might
be adopted as soon as they had
proved they could produce a
bomb totally free of dangerous
radioactive fall-out.
The President saki that in the
meantime he intended to invite
foreign countries lo make their
own measurements of the per-
centage of radioactivity on the
site of the next United States,
hydrogen bomb detonation,
This should serve as an aP-1
propriate test by doubters of the:
contention that 'even now only;
4 per cent radioactivity results
from the explosion of United.
States hydrogen bombs, the
Prenident declared.
It-eaS Given la Others
President Eisenhower opened
his news conference with an an-
nouncement that the United
States was making more man-
WM-235 available in the peaceful
uses of atomic power. .
In response to questions about
Carted States policy on disarm-
am.ent and the effects on that
policy of reduced radioactive
fended, in bomb explosions, the;
President emphasized:
!The United States stands[
firm on its position at the Lon-
don disarmament conference,:
?agreeing to a temporary suspen-
sion of nuclear arms tests if it
will lead to an end of bomb-
making.
011ie United States disarm-
ament position Was carefully
f worked out over $ period of at
least three years and its pro-
posals are not designed to refute
allegations of insincerity.
9The United States' effort to
produce "clean" bombs is in-
Emoted to make peaetime uses of
nuclear energy possible, for
:example, in the building of
jtunnels or in moving mountains.
Need: of Unity Strearsed
The President also discussed
at some length the importance of
coordinating United States dis-
armament proposals with those
of its pities.
"You don't want to go to the
Soviets; or to any other nation,
for exempla and make a pro-
posal that affects a third coun-
try without that third country's
a.pproval, because then you sud-
denly become like Napoleon and
Alexander, on a raft in the
. Vistula, settling the fate of
Europe?'
The President referred to a.
meeting in 1807 that took place.
on the river Neeman, or Memel.
?We are not doing that," he?
continued, stressing that the
Icing laborious process of work-:
ing out policies required con-
sultation with West Germany,'
France, Britain, Canada and all
the countries .of the North At':
lantic Treaty Organization.
With some heat he responded
to a question whether the United
States "dare" be sincere in dis-
armament by declaring, "You
mustn't think that this whole
business of disarmament fluid
as it is, is operated on the hares
of shooting from the hip."
President Eisenhower stressed
the "political, psychological ef-
fects" of getting on with a dis-
armament agreement, "even if
you suffered some scientific dis-
advantage"
The President did not specify
what these disadvantages might
be, but presumably he referred
Co testimony by scientists of ? the
Atomic Energy Commiesion that
s. suspension of nuclear arms
testa would impede the develop-
ment of new weapons as well as
peacetime protects.
However, Charles E. Wilson,
Secretary of Defense, has said
[Jett a sueponsion of nuclear
sems tests would not halt the
development of the long-range
ballistics missile, 'since the de-
irelopment of delivery systems
could continue.
In addition Secretary Wilson
eats said that suspension of the
Melees, arms tests would con-
stitute little more than a "nui-
sance," and need not affect the
international arms race at, Ml.
The President revealed, in re-
iponse to a 'question, that when
as set down the final disarma-
ment position for the talks in
London last May 25, he knew
Mat the United States had sue-
teeded in reducing bomb radio-
rictivIty fall-out by at least 90
cer cent.
'Clean' Bomb Data Lacking
But no one bad suggested to
nin at the time that "complete-
y clean" bombs were possible,
Othough Lewis L. Strauss,
?hairman of the Atomic Energy
,Iommission, had forecast "N
ser cent clean" bombs, General
Eisenhower went on.
Then the President said, "in-
?Mentally," while there was
'very hopeful." talk of suspend.
rig tests, he planned to invite
my country in the world that
canted to come to test the radio-
settee fall-out of United States
somas to do so "if, ever tinder
my circumstances there is &n-
ether test made."
CPYRGHT
JUL 5 flu/
CONGRESS IS WART
ON GIVING MOSCOW
`CLEAN' BOMB DATA
Knowland, Mansfield ard
Holifield Express Doubt?
Hickenlooper for Plan
Special to The New Yore Time.
WASHINGTON, July 4. Co
Lion that this country give U e
Soviet Union the formula for a
"clean" hydrogen bomb appeared
today to be weighted oil the u -
favorable side.
William F. Knowland of Ca -
Contra the Senate Republican,'
leader, said he deubted that Co
James C. Hagerty, Whit?
House press secretary, eon:Innen
[afterward that this was not r
reference to the current nuclear
test series in Nevada,
In answer to the questio
whether there wag any way I I
which the United States tout
share its knowledge of precis:min
clean bombs, the President it
plied that he had raised the-
westion himself "the second th
scientists talked to me about it.
And the scientists told Mu
'Why, the minute that we hay
srovedwhat we say we ar
. , .
going to prove. Why, we would
want them to have ft," Presider..
Eisenhower continued.
It appeared from the transcrigt
of the President's remarks that
he had not himself advocated
this action, but it was clear that
he had thought about it ant
raised the possibility without
prompting.
Last week President Eiser-
lower MM that he hoped the
eussians would learn how t
take a bomb free of radioaetiv
Otil-out and that, in the even.
A' war, that was the kind a:
weapon they would use.
"We are trying to make IIM4
maths, clean hornba, and to de-
velop usefulness in a peacefut
vorld, as well as just weapons
war," he said. .
"There are devices that ar
cot necessarily weapons," h
old another questioner, "If yel
tad this clean, completely dear
welled, I should think that i
3Uilding of tunnels or you migh
lay, moving mountains and tha
iort of thing, you could hay
nasty economical, lintel, peace
ul purposes for the thing and
d course, you wouldn't want a
leny civilization the opportunitt
e using it?
This 'recalled statementh by
ttelin shortly before his deati
hat the Soviet Union could rnoin
nountains with , nuclear devices
Approved For Release 2402107122 . CIA norcc 00746R000500130067-0
1
furnish the Soviet Union with
such information.
Senator Nne Mansfield,
Democrat of Montana, said:
'I would be careful about glv-
i Mg our formula away.''
, President Eisenhower, at his
; news conference yesterday, said
'that some nuclear scientists had
told him that they favored giv-
ing the Soviet Union and other
nations information about mak-
ing a bomb relatively free of
radioactive fall-out. General
Eisenhower did not say explic-
itly that he favored this course
hanself.
96.70 of Fall-Out Eliminated
Previously, the President had
noted that scientists believed
that they had eliminated about
96 per cent of the radioactive
fall-out from such devices and
with time could reduce the
amount even more,
Representative Chet Holifield,
Democrat of California, a mem-
ber of the Joint Congressional
Atomic Commission, said:
'If the President means that
we should reveal to the Soviets
how to make a clean bomb or
any other kind of bomb, this is a
complete reversal of our national
policy and security."
Stich a step would require
Congressional approval.
The President did not say any-
thing about dieclosing bomb
-
making secrets, but only a for-
mula for avoiding most fall-out.
Senator Bourke B. Ilickem
looper, Republican of Iowa, also
a member of the Joint Atomic
Committee, indicated cautious
support of the proposal.
"Through such programs as
this," les said, " we may be able
some day to obtain assurances
that in event of another war all
nations will have clean bombs."
Knowiand Is Doubtful
Senator Knowland remarked:
411 doubt that Congress would
be prepared to turn over any
weapons information to the So-
viet Union."
Mr. Mansfield, in an interview,
deceased, "Before we agree to
give thern a.ny information we
certainty should have an iron-
clad agreement., backed by
sscape-proof inspection arrange-
ments to do away with the
building of the bigger bombs and
a disarmament plan which would
tut down defense expendituies
for all countries."
Senator Mansfield, the acting
Democratic leader. toldthe Sen-
ate yesterday that the search
or a [?'elean" bomb must not
be permitted to obscure attempts
to reach an agreement to ban
future testing of large bombs.
.E am not at all convinced that
ULC use of a 'clean' bomb would
automatically displace the use
f hydrogen weapons which
would spread radioactive fall-out
over a lareg area," he said, "We
as Americans may not use 'dirty'
bombs, but who is to say that
tL
pi Ill..,
wise? 4' 4 ."
HE ANNINtv \ PO?, II en'! h 1)1, m ft ti i?
Approved_Egr Reledier 2002107/22 ?f CIA-RDP65-,09756R000500130067-0
_
Ike Releases New Lot
CPYRGQI U-233Rfor Peace Use
Sy Pat riela 551ggla ?
Ltn, led F: 'F'
I n I AU, sumn i 2.14
1, ? on et
1 /anent: :nen co y?tr,iding netted
It o ) can't--'Jr It aearen Actotois and urge- ani ion
day released an additonuo so, [alums have linen completed
En kliegs/tins is ho i t 131.560'
muds) of enriched uranium-,.
for peaceful IlettS bore and it N. T. Times
. .
foreign countries.
'Ilier new allocation e as din JUL 4 195 7
tided So that $0,000 kilogoons: e n nil
0.rOarEARLYBAb eI r se
will be available through le : the committeeStasa -pointshu .
net shift
t
for /noosed domestic eicifirm . from negotiation to the audition
purposes, The other 29.1-300, oN NucLEAR Ant 1 of the disarmament positions
kilograms will be available to. ' c , other nations that air not
foreign coo n tries through sale . members. The members tot, the
or !carp, United States. Britain, 'France,
'nit! St len I/1111101 In loafing Stassen for Universal Hal C"n"(1""(1 l'he Sevjet iltit".
kilograms, or A I,? 0 111 220.000 During this -stage of
pounds the the kital Onrottuf idh. on Fissionable Output a sloes Mr. Stassen is expounding,
li-235 made as for j! iel 1' the details of the 'United States
i Month After Inspection position on the first step toward
:search and power react ors In lie diaannam int. This position in-
dale. ? ? chides not on) p a suspension of
hit.Itioirthoo . /
ditionaf allocation al tin' reepy G.kiT
-? ? ? 4 el mac he the iirl' 11 ,4? MIME MIDDLETON litlitelP Was tests and control
of I he production of fissionable
1111est at Cliairitnal Itlevii: il. townie tin York thatt,
tliaiertil but a general reduction;
Baum Iii ilni .510117ir Energy LONDON, Bily a?The Unitet.
rt non alldeat Welipilna and milt-
. mom gram). It had I he al ti-taLes pt OpOsed ti ay a UIIIVO ary manpower.
sal ban on the manufacture a
fissionable material for militar3
'use one month :liter the est ah
hahment of an international in-;
attention systern.
In a detailed exposition of thn
Hinted States position on pucka.
disarmament, Harold E, Stamen
suggested that a treaty govern-
:Mg- the first step toward disarm-
ament include a pliniaion for
the establishment. of a eommitter
to cooperate In the "design, In-
stallation and maintenance" of
an inspection system controlling
the production of fissionable ma-
terial.
This is the heart of the. West-
ern proposals on nuclear disarm-
@timmt, A suspension of tesM of
nuclear weapons is tightly linked
to progrania toorimai a ban on the
production of these weapons.
/ how air it
infect iv
nest t ear.
CPYRGHT
ricoyat oi the- Seeretarre o di:neva/4 Mr. St Assiut 's' expo-
:State And I le Mose. Minn was am! to follow the
The .ffi led St ales also Me advocated by Britain, Fiance
sigonit ilultecie power iiitrei lot Canada,
Mails With Bern:lam,. From the peOCedural stand -I
mint the United Staters Admits-
and Balt 10 help Poise vo011
'0.111,100es position is that an
[ilea der elerri ainals-101,peare
ffeetirte system for the jasper-
Ind us /sirs.
Ion of production cannot be
'rho norm will! Bet 'UR :1 fly 3 ml
stablitibed until a first step
It sir were 'Anew n eNisting
reaty on disarmament has been'
retool wills Prance was atificd. This treaty should pro-.
rinciaticd pormil clam or ? hie for a ten-month suspensioni
shionimits iortriched uranium f nuclear weapons tests, AA-
10 lite unclear reactors ollading to the United States
fi. was not announced her icw,
notch Crbricluid firrtnium would Curbs on U. S. Noted
Iiisiiipord to each countiy Mr. Stasien told the salmon,-
hut informed smillOCS Said lir
tlitlee it be biniessilikito
titin tit,' would be op Pi .I.'500 weem the exchange et scientific
frilograms anil %formation necessary for an of
it inesiden1 said be w ftive inapeetiOn c3 em Whibi
"gratified" I hal the Armee tie McMahon Act VASS al force
rtp ird -power and brow. ledge' 1 the United States. Onett the
train the atom is prifeeeding at 'eat}, had been ratified this act
a pace which requires nroviskin is (mid be superseded, he said.
Moth Warns Commithur
Jules Moth of France told the
United Nations Disarmament
;Mbeoturaittee that if the pro-
10Seit suspension of tests of nu-
fear weapons ten months is
lie period Suggested by the
hilted States did not end the
inclear arms race the French
slovernment would feel free to
sesitme its liberty of action.
The implied warning is that In
On panel rhesil circumstances France
Me. Eisenhower said thin ri
urrern maces., sin last. \ (new-
her by the -4EC, the -caitie net
100,000 kilograms of oraniam
235 is amill Stf 7 billion
Eisen/outer also said di,.-
of the nuclear 11131e-
tit wilt he subject.ICP "prudent
saregUards" agaireil diversion
of the materials kw nonintiace,
purposes.
Previous at local ioos It a d
made available Stare grIthin
kilograms for domestic 11!te :f1R1
the same emittint lcui toreign
use
Sin en agreements
fen. power noir ma are now, in
direct nittioss ;aid, tie added
that seven more are it hoot to
he and "a Killnialit
of ethers'. are ander iiiiripaitt-
11/?!,
or additional supplies of the
r simian Fuel.''
SiI-iiits'F reported nt t h
%tithe flutist that the lira al.
10ei11100 WO,: needed alma. lad it
foreign alld tiOilletthe at Iota-
{hell e. made 'previously ti-at-p.
6(4'11 :WOW, USQ d kted
%could pursue experimentation
hat would lead to her establish-
anent a-s the fourth nuclear
'sower after the United States,
lie Soviet. Union and Britain.
The proposal made yesterday
try Valerian A. Zarin, leader of
The Soviet delegation, that the
tulian representative be heard
1),' the subcommittee was re-
-.Adel by Itin Ste-men at. this
--flermenis meeting of the sob-
nromittee. The head of the
Unitet, States delegation said
tie subcommittee should not
Anne itS estandshad prone
hear oral statements Itom
Indian Government.
? Stassends view is that an
Invitation to India would prompt
other governments to ask for a
aring.
The act severely Mints the
:amine information the grpIel.,?
E'rites illaY give to ariori brd,i to rip sat
INITFD NATIONS, N.
auf
has been rea.clust by the piepoti-,
[story commission of the In
national Atomic Energy Agency
Ion the program of viola fur the
'initial year, as welt as on t
he
budget, staff and the financing
111A1 liti11 he re/Wire:1
The irightecinmation commin-,
stun made the announcement
day as it ad-ionised until
latter part. of July, when it
willt
teeenVeRA in NOW York lei
inert: the Cow posnion of time Wet
hoard of seismical:,
Nn V. 'Times
UN! 5 US?'
EISENHOWER ASKS
FAITH IN FREEDOM
Message Read in Philadelphia'
Calls on Peonie to Reaffirm
Declaration's Principles
. _CPYRGIrIT
IPHILADELPHIA, July I itiff
mon the .American people' today
o reaffirm their faith daily in
he principles of the Declaration
f Independence,
In a message read at Fourth
f hilly ceremonies at Independ?
nce Hall the President said in
'as equally important that "in
cur turn, we dedicate ourselves
o the maintenance of our fades
lenience. and the progress of the
free world."
The text of the message. fel-
1 ma:
"As Indepondencia Day draws
rear It is well to be reminded of
1A birth of our nation in Plata-
calphirt many years ago,
"There, a fateful political doe-
nent---unpreerdented in the art-
mils of mankinikris as signed
a id secured try the lives and tor-
t nes and sacred honor of a few.
r solute citizens. Inspired he
cm r esamoie the ;tropic of the
c untryade rose up to build a
itstion founded on it deep respect
ft r the rights of mem
''This dealt Merit Bonin -
u s to he the source of mat'
..congth, 'A II men are erealed
oat' All Americans are horn
Mee to develop their individual
to pacifies to the fun and for the
tterment of the \thole eon-
"Nmity.
'For the safely and?haratinefra
1, the A romican people it IS
sary to reaffirm oar failla
el fly In the principles of the
I' arbitration of Independence. It
s equally important that, in our
Ii rn, dedicate ourselves to
c maintenance of our hide-
o reliance and the progress of the
fere world."
It T. Times
ATOM UNIt SETS PLANS;
UM 13- .
to ,qpeed a ban on the pro-
d Paton of nuclear weapons the
inted States is prepared to end
s teh preduction one month after
inspection system has been
f tahlishod. After that date all
;amiable material would be do-
tted to peaceful purposes.
Despite MT. Slassen's patient
e position of the United States
p salon, Mv, Zorin maintained
Ii must wait until the entire
p dose had been painted before
replying. There will be no meet-
ii
t of the subcommittee /moor-
s w but two meetings are whed.
ii od for Friday. The United
S rites delegation experts to
itajnoloto ita trparntafirin than -
Nopitad to Vire Views
R
nE i-hi lo the New 'ink Tanta
PA 5, July 3 A special
C int tie tit C. ti
of the North Atlantic Treaty]
lrganization will be held toner-
as- to hear the views of Con j
Norstail, supreme allied!
anomalies in 'Europe, on thr
Sarmament proposals being
ocussed in London.
It is understood the general is.
in opposed to a zone -of limper.'
on and control in Europe bat
lc-sires to insure that it meets
B the rtoiliretlicilts of security.
Jules 'Moth, French negotiator
London, and Dr. Konrad .Aile-
Sion% West. Berman Chanifel-
L taw? agreed to such a anne..?
The coureation is- Chat it need
t amount to Western accept-
of the division of Getman
ince it would not: he a zone of
li anion Mut of internation-
Mimed inn.
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CPYRGHT
Apprinj : CIA-RDP65-00756R000.50120067-0
UM_ 5 195/ T. Moo
JUL 5 1957
CPYRGHT
U.S. Shoots 1.0.?. Rocket MANY NATIONS LET
160 Miles Abwalonitoba L 6. L'S DAY GO BY
Probing Into Ionosphere
Marks First Regular
World Day of Year
-? ... -?
fly RICHARD WITKIN
So2del to The New York Thiel,
FORT CHURCHILL, Man?
i"alrelt
.......... ..........
thurehillatis
PO4 r CANJWW/LLsr
? MANITOBA::
s- ? r A flriA
L.Bruitypeg
Cs
Witirppa9
a Aerobee-Fli rocket 160 miles
into the sky today to study the
henomena that do tricks With
; mho broadcasts.
A duplicate rocket was to be .
Ntunched at. midnight Central '
: tandard Time.
These were the first of seven-
v-six firings likely to make this
'isolate post a leading contribu-
km to the rocket: program of the
emotional Geophysical Year.
?t'orlay's shots were also the
ost spectacular events ached-
led for the first Regular World
"lay of the Eighteen-month
' year."
Rocket research here is con-
'acted by the United States
rmed forces and several tali-
chitties, The Canadians run the
ost.
Sixty-four countries-have
?-
greed to pool their efforts in
he I. 0. Y. program, an exam-
nation of the earth's anatomy
rid environment.
World Days have been desig-
toted during periods when un-
wual auroral and other aerial
on:emotions are forecast. Par-
icipants step up observations
luring these and other special
Merv:Ms.
? Fired From 100-Foot Tower
The Aerobee-Hi, made by the
rierojet . Geneaal Corporation,
Mflit off from its 100-foot tower
ally fifteen minutes behind the'
noon schedule.
The tower is a squarish barn
.hat is made of metal for the
cold-weather protection of tech-
nicians. A mast with guide-rail
sxtensions protrudes front the
open top. The launcher can bre
tilted in any direction lip to 10
degrees to e.ounteract high winds.]
The delay was caused by gusty
winds aloft that kept mathe-
maticians busy making sure the
twenty-four-f cot rocket would
fall outside the safety zone. It
was tilted seven degrees a little
South of East lior today's thing.
From all indications, the test
was exceptionally good. The
rocket climbed for four and a
half minutes and fell into Hud7
The Nett York Vales Jul,/ 5.105?
Site of rocket firing (cross)
title& During average ioniza-
ion, various kinoSpherie regions
send or refract various radio
requencies back to earth much
is water bends light rays. Radio
agnals bounced one or more
limes between ground and lona-
There van be picked up at dis-
ances they could not otherwise
midge.
But often the ionosphere loses
ts bounce for conventionally
teamed signals. This occurs
luring excessive ionization. Con-
rentional signals, instead of be-
ng bounced back, are absorbed
ty the electrically churned at-
l'arsphere. Radio black-outs re-
;ult.
The commonest causes of
,onlization are ultra-violet and
K-rays from the San. These chip
plectrons from air molecules
into positively charged ions and
negative free-roaming electrons.
It is the light, energetic elec-
trons rather than the heavy
sluggish tons that react with
radio waves.
Today's rocket was the first
to make a deep penetration of
the "F" regions of the Arctic
ionosphere, above 120 miles.
Much more is known of the "E"
region, whose maximum ionize-
tion appears between fifty-five
and seventy-five miles.
'Scatter Technique Tried
In recent years, ways have
been foun dto capitalize on the
Ionosphere for certain types of
transmission even during uphea-
vals. These mariedients are
known as "scatter' techniques
They involve broadcasting sig-
nals with exceptional power.
The signal, too powerful to be
absorbed, scatters forward In all
directions when striking the re-
gion affecting it, A piece will
find its way to the reception
area for which the broadcast is
sons' Bay more than thirty miles intended.
to the East. The Navy's antenna But because enormous power
began transmitting their test* highly directional antenna
signals fromthe rocket on sched- are needed, scatter broadcast-
tile, ing Is very expensive. The Pen-
The rocket's mission was to tagon had bought scatter for
collect data on the Inosphere. :radar warning stations in the
This is the region whose atmo? Arctic:, where blackout, were
sphere is electrically excited el frequent and continuous contact
ionized It influences rads between stations was monde-
U.S. Study of Sun Phenomena
on Schedule but Others in
Plan Are Unprepared
By WALTER SULLIVAN
broadcasts -in ways that art
sometimes beneficial, sometime!
distressing.
Ionosphere Studied sphere is also need for better
ristraitval.A.0414
P ppratveckfraleiReek3eilie
an altitude of about forty to ea.
frequencies too nigh to be af-
tory. But scatter is too costly
for other communciations.
Better knowledge of the lone-
ular World Day in the Interna-
tional Geophysical Year. The
World Day is a period of in.
tensified observations throughout
the world of the phenomena
manifesting the link between the
earth and the sun.
It came close to what might
prove to be the climax of the
eleven-year sunspot cycle, but it
caught several of the partic-
ipants with their rockets not
completed.
Sixty-four, days have been set
aside during the eighteen months
of the International Geophysical
Year as Regular World Days.
They occur three or four times a
month and are timed to coincide
with the new moon, quarter
moon or with expected meteor
showers.
The moon was in Its first.
quarter yesterday and a shower
of. meteors was expected to del'
ug- the earth's atmosphere.
Clouds of meteors, most of them
hardly larger than grains of
sand, orbit about the sun or fol-
low other paths that bring them
near the earth at predictable
times.
Data Sought on Flares
When they plunge into the
atmosphere they become shoot-
ing stars as they are consumed
fected. ?
The key man In today's experi-
ments was a 36-year-old elec-
trical engineer front the Naval
Research Laboratory. John E.
Jackson devised the experiments:
to be performed. They entailed
the following:
Each rocket had two whip-
like antennae clasped tight to
the air frame at take-off but
rigged to extend like out-
stretched arms abler the rocket
had emerged into thin air, Radar,
devices were set to record the
rocket's position.
Canadian scientists tried to
beam vertical sigoals from
ground to ionosphere to take
readings that, in the past, had
given useful but imprecise pic-
tures of ionospheric activity. ,
Today these measurements were
blacked out, by intense ionos-
pheric activity. It is because
such aberrations are prevalent
in the arctic that much of the
rocket research is concentrated
here.
What the scientists counted on
calculating from all the sta-
tistics were such data as:
The density of electrons at
various os
MOS hectoric_a_nitudes; the
ffirdpinagnetic
field, and the frequency ofelec-
tron collisions.
y friction with the air. They
i re of interest to geophysicistsi
lecause some believe they Minh:
mice weather and other upper
i ir phenomena.
' Regular World Days were
itaasen, by international agree-
nent;to make the cost of ex-
pensive experiments, such as the
f ling of rockets into the fringes
of space. The instruments they
arty may report the true naturel
4 sunshine before it is filtered
hy the atmosphere.
emit information is of greater
Me if it can be obtained from
any points at the Same time,
aving a composite picture. Sei-
ntists are particularly, anxious
4 find out what sort of particles
rre fired at the earth 'by solar
ares. These are mysterious
ffruptions in the chromosphere
'atmosphere) of the sun, which
use magnetic storms and re-
rated upheavals on the earth.
Although the cycle of sunspots
and solar flares seems to have
cached its maximum premature-
', several nations will probably
not be ready to launch their
research rockets until fall. This.
whales Britain, which plans to;
re rockets from the test range
t Woomera, Australia.
France has announced plans to
re a number of "Veronica"
'diets 100 miles into the sky
ver the Sahara but will not be,
.ady to do so until fall, at the
thest? On Sunday Japan fired
resear chrocket 17.5 miles into :
le sky in a test, but no date
s been set for the start of
'pular firings.
About the only unusual acti-
ty that took place today, 'me'
reach ? scientist said, was the
ending of greetings to stations
' other nations,
The Soviet Union has said it
ill fire its initial rockets from
te region just west of the Ural
Peountains, but has given no
rnetable.
Thus yesterday's firing of an
merican Aerobee-Hi front Fort
hurchill, Manitoba, may have,
sea the only penetration of the.
nosphere on the first Regular
World Day. Sonic stations may
-we released extra large hal-
ons bearing instruments to oh-
"rye high altitude weather or
?
-emir rays,
Otherwise the activity consist-
-1 primarily of stepped up oh-
asrvations throughout the world
i certain fields. For example
sunders such as that at Fort
?
elven-, Va., which normally
-robe the layers of the loom-
here every fifteen minutes,
were making soundings every
ye minutes.
May Explain Ionosphere
When pieced together these
eundings should throw light on
-le short-term fluctuations of
se ionosphere. This layer of
Metal gasses, which reaches
Fora fifty to 300 miles overhead,
aas been in turmoil in 4ecent
ays due to a series of flares
m the sun,
Major flares occurred on June
ca and 28. Yesterday observa-
tries in various parts of Europe,
stening to radio emissions from,
he sun and other manifestations
O the son's pulse, reported evi-
-sinee of two flares about an
hour apart. ?
Nevertheless, the World Warn-
ig Center at Fort Belvoir an-
tamed the end of the Special
uforld Interval, which had been
reclaimed four days earlier.
'rbont.
3
Waskingion Post
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
for ftdcooc2002/fr7722 :ilkliDP65-00756R000500.130067-0
Thii?.Prias Vj
aCriAeriod that caned,
U.S. Disarmament Plan
Can Override A-Bars
er many of the otiservatie.nel
provided for a Regular World;
Day, Whereas the latter is sehed-'
tiled in advance, a Special World;
Interval is called when events on
the sun indicate that there is
flout to be a severe magnetic
storm.
One of the chief goals of the
international Geophysical Year,
which began Sunday, is to learnl
more about the links between;
' the sun and the earth. Streams
of particles from the sun, as
well as ultraviolet rays and,
x-rays, are believed to have pro-
found effects on our planetn
Some suspect they are even re-;
sponsible for climate changes
In any ease they rause turbun
lenee in the earth's magnetic;
field, in the density of the iono-;
sphere, which reflects long-rangei
:radio sienals back to earth, In
the aurora or northern lights.
and in the Input of cosmic rays.
By Murrey Alarder
CPtRAHTiropesn Burns The Washinstos Pan-WTOP
L enda, July 3? oltvo nest 1/14411 a Unto, bVLL2II
Activity In Britain
Tit New York Titles.
July 4?The most
ma today are those investigate,
ling the effects of recent flares;
on the sun as part of the Intern
national Geophysical Year.
The latest flare was imported
yesterday at Britain's largest
radio research station at Slough,
about twenty miles from London.
When a researcher noticed' that
an instrument called a vertical
sounder- was no longer recording
as it should have been.
Vertical sounders are used to
hurl radio signals into the iono-
sphere at regular intervels. By
noting the height at which sig-
nals are reflected back to earth,
researchers can calculate the
density of layers of electrified
particles from heights of about
forty-five miles upward.
The radio teams at Slough
also found that it was impossible
to pick up the wavelength of a
British Broadcasting Corpora-
tion long-range transmitter In
North Wales, on which they
carry out routine studies in
radio-wave fluctuations.
Inquiries at ten other radio
and ionospheric research stations
showed that all experimental
short- wave transmissions had
been blanketed by the initial im-
pact of the wave of ultraviolet
light from the flaring sun.
JUILES 101 ?IIdIIICflL out e principles is ratified.
are broad enough to produce a.:Once a treaty is in effect Stas-.treatv overriding secrecy bars
of the Atomic Energy Act sett said American scientists;
which now prohibit disclosing could exchange more inform-
nuclear production data to tion on methods of assuring;
other nations
clear today]that production is being halted.
That Was made
Under present U. S. law and
by an authoritative source as,
the united stales continued tom absence of approved treaty,
unfold its offer for a short term American sources noted the
U
suspension of nuclear testing,. S. couldn't report how much
iss
and an ultimate half to nuclear
fiionable material it is pro-
weapon production. ? clueing because now Most of
Any accord which could that is used for weapons- Sias-
:emerge from the disarmament sell said the 11- 5- previously
;negotiations would be in treatyiproposed that within one month
rm. Under United Statesatter an inspection system to
w a treaty takes preeedence.theck on nuclear production is
Tr legislation, operating all production for
The McMahon Act which is military purposes should be
e landed States basic nuidearlhalted.
ablation contains tight re- CarefulGuarding Seen
rictions on sharing cerain
T
uelear secrets with other hen all nuclear production
wers.(would be guarded "like you
It also prohibits giving nu-iguard gold in a vault," as an
American source put it. It
at weapons to other nations,
that, it is understood, would mean inspectors at each
ould be a separate matter plant to check on what raw
(tufting new legislation material goes into the plant,
ould the United States the "finished product,' the
eeide to share some of us.amount of waste, and even the
uelear weapons with Britainramount of electric power the
intent
a halt to nuclear sveapon consumes. Stassen said
roduelion is agreed rpm'. sithe inspection, however, would
The impact of united sta,_Lc's- not interfere with any opera.
lions for peaceful uses.
gielation on nuclear matters'
(Tame directly related to the Stassert on Tuesday said the
is,armament talks as United United Stales was ready to halt
fates Deiegate Harold Eannelear tests for 10 months
Lassen unveiled a bit more of with an agreement at that lime
e American nuclear tempo-sal. to halt nuclear weapon produe.
Boo. The actual production
bcommittee Adjourns !could be as late as 1959,
Talks in the United Nationsl it is now understood the
;United States proposal may
isar mament Stihremmittee
ent forward in usual ehnsianot set any specific date at all.
Mikes' form. it was reported, However, Stassen noted that
till no hint of the great tuunless there is reasonably
tun unless
action on the production
oil in Russia's leadership other states would
akeup announced tonight. ;
What effect if any decide to join the nuclear
the Scmiet production rare and the whole
turnoverarm
am en t wouldn eghoativaenoonn sth e pro- agreement would collapse.
New evidence that France
duced much speculation to-
'ti B
ci
a ritain are demanding
night. But because the Sub. greater specifies en inspection
committee is adjourned overd
an control of nuclear tests and
Fourth of July there will not be a ?
,prouction came today from
en opportunity for the Soviet,non-Ainerican sources. So far
shakeup to be immediately re-neither nation has specifically
fleeted in the negotiations. lcommitted itself on the United
Stassen, behind closed doors, States detailed proposal,.
pressed U. S. emphasis on the French Delegate Jules Much,
need for agreeing to halt nu- it was reported, again served
'clear production along with notice France is only prepared
ty test suspension. Ile made to participate in any agreement
clear, it was reported, that suspending nuclear tests if the
ATM-tower and See- other powers agree to stop the
ra .1 MI Foster Dulles are nuclear arms race.
Washington Post
5 t'S
Thimmarskjold
Sees Economic
Normalcy Nearer
crto Hiu:
iy 4 n?united
ions cc
Eammarskjold said today the
world is in its most nearly nor-
mal period of Peace-time eco-
nomic activity since the end
of the war.
Addressing the opening of'
the 24th session of the U. N
Economic and Social Council
fECOSOC), he said: "It is tin
fortunately true that a very
high proportion of resources
continues to be sidetracked
into armaments in all parts of
the 'world. When the time
comes?as I am firmly con-
vinced it must?That the world
can safely reduce itsmilitary
ougordwrin re:02
?
N. 1. Tim6QPYRGHT.
JUL 5 1.957
MORE ATOMS POR PEACE
t 'mine t
ti an doubled the amount of atomic
ft el which the United States pro-
p ,ses to make available under the
a ems-forepeace treaty over the
n ,xt few years at home and abroad.
The new total is 220,000 pounds of
u anima, valued at a1,700,000,000,
\Alf of which is to be leased to do-
mestic users and the other half
liaised or sold to foreign nations.
The President announced this new
oder for two reasons, One is to
s mutate development Of atomic
p wee plants; around the world by
a miring them that the necessary
a omit: fuel will be available. The
ostler is to counter a proposal by
S mbar Bricker forbidding the
'esident to make any atomic fuel
enable to the International Atomic
Ftergy Agency without specific
Go.ngressienal approval. This move
part of a Republican right-wing
e fort to curb both the agency and
t e powers of the President. An at-
t mpt by Senator Bricker to attach
a reservation 'to that, effect to the
eaty was defeated, but Mr. Thicker
,I persistent, and pending disposal
his present effort final American
istification of the treaty is being
&felted.
If tha American offer looks
rge, it is merely an indication of
I e tremendous potentialities of the
a oms-for-peace entermiae. It is
e timated that the 220.000 pounds
c uranium would permit the. pro-
.
r action of a,000,000 kilowatts of
ectricity. But the target of the
Puropean Atomic Energy Commit-
ty, now forming, is 15,000,000
I Iowans by 1967, and nations out-
de of this community have simi-
r projects under way.
fin addition, as President Eisen-
I neer Indicated in his most recent
alines conference, science is now
oving toward complete elimina-
t-on of radioactive fall-out, which
mild make nuclear power avail-
Ale, as the President put it, "to
move mountains" for the benefit of
I enamel No Bricker reservation
snould be permitted to stop prog-
ems toward that goal.
dt,lt.Y' Tht9PYRGHT
I
Major Nuclear Blast Slated
LAS VEGAS, Nev., July 1 I.
The American delegate said,
owever, it is the U. S. view
rid effective cutoff on nuclear
production cannot be fully des-
as A t. t
emerge."
-it. 1St fl SUit
trues, scientists will touch oft
tomorrow what could be the
biggest nuclear expoeien on this
continent. The test, sixth of the
summer series, had been set for
today but was postponed for
technical reasons. The device
will be suspended from a bal-
loon 1,,M0 let, over Yuma Flat.
seventy-five miles to the north-
* 1. Times west, More that--n 1,000 Marines
are to crouch in trenehes, then
JUL 4 195 7 conduct maneuvers after the
burst.
_Ann
FLU STRIKES EUROPE
Asian-Type Virus Found in]
the Netherlands
CNcr YoLk times :
Tkrert, I Lily i--An influ-
ti disease was spreading rapid-
;I, in the Nethellands,
it is caused by the same virus:
^ nue-oil:int for the eeldemie in;
F'-.r East,
11 her 11111filileM7.3. 011t brenir:
en Ieroded in Gee-tendon
le Mit no direct connect ion]
ten establiehed with tin;
:Al
urea row (tilt, Li'! LU uncia VIAL AR
;Europe The World Health Or-
,.
02/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-00710R0001500T310067dav that
Approved For Releasep:19M/41 : CIA-RDP6501,7y59500130067-0
L Tires
JUL 4 1957
Transcript of President's News
Jut
on For lairs
W ASHINGTOW, OJP)?
? , 'unstop
Eras Went Riseinhoivers news conm
;mace today:
-
down,
lett-tioad morning. Please sit
Hagerty ijameit C.
Hagerty, press secretary] will
have available at his office
PRESIDENT EISENHOW- ,
aame time this afternoon a
re:dement on the making
available, on the Government,
making available, considerably
more 17-235 or equivalent for
use both at home and abroad
in the development of peaceful
uses of atomic power, both in
research and imager plants.
And the atatement will be :
ready, I should think, by
o'clock,
CHALMERSIt ROBERTS
of The Washington Post and
Times-Herald?Mr. President,
as a result of your remarks
last week on disarmament at
the press ennference, especial-
ly what you told us about the
scientists who called on you,
there appeats to be some im-
pression, both at home and
abroad, that you and the Ad-
ministration are less enthusi-
astic about a disarmament
agreement than you had been
previously. Could you straight-
en us out on that, sir?
At ?Welt I think if you will
ratan my statement?arid now
ma just depending upon my
memory-4 think I started out
by saying the Hinted States
elands firmly by the agree-
ment and the offers it has
made in this regard, and we
have not withdrawn from that
position.
I tailed to your attention a
fact that coming tip as a
rather new one in this whole
scientific field, kept this sub.
bet ever from being a stabs
suet It ta at very dynamic, fluid
sort of subject that you are
working with all the time, but
I I think I said last 'week that
the political, paycheiogical et- '
I feels of doing this, going ahead
I with this thing, were so great
that even if you suffered some
7CiPilt Vic disadvantage, we
I should go ahead with it, and
stai believe that very firm-
ly; and under the?under the
conditions that: the United a,
States has always insisted tts
on. that is, that we have ant-
ficient inspectma to know that th
InP are both honest...doing what h
we said we would do, and that fa
it is coupled with some agree- h
'sent that at some future date
We will cease Making bombs
out, of this material, and de-
vote It all to peaceful purposes,
our offer always stands. el:
,
CHARLES S. VON FREUND I us
of the Co/amble Broadcasting as
System?An Army specialist w.
named De Wayne MoOsker
has been jailed by the French .
an charges that he killed an -14
Algerian. Do you think he at
should be turned over to our ha
aittherities? there th
was a short report made to sue St
about it, but, as I recall, this at
was off-duty, and I hope we er,
are talking about the same F
case I really do, because the a.
name might escape me?but p.
he was supposedly off-duty, in
and I believe it c I hat
Cl
a
LI
a
to
in,
is eKuried. 'Wench event;
would say that the man
041 be tried by the local
ithorities the same as would'
tourist, ,
? URN SCALA of The As-
lated Press?In order to
p Us understand the dis-
ament picture a little
re clearly, sir, could you
its whether on May 295, at
ich time you laid down the ,
:lc guidelines for our dis-
ament policy, whether you
-w that it might be pos.
IC within four or five years
produce an absolutely
. bomb, if tests contin-
; and, secondly, could you
? tell us, sir, how the
spect of being able to
duce a clean bomb affects
It you told us was your
dive, several weeks ago,
lely, total elimination of
in weapons ?
.--Well, now, there ate
'ces that ate not acres-
ly weapons. If you had
clean, completely clean,
net, I should think that
nilding of tunnels, or you
kit say, moving mountains
that sort of thing, you
d have many economical,
I, peaceful purposes for
thing and, of course, you
Idn't want to deny civil',
the opportunity of us-
it.
to the first Pali of your
'Lion, May 25th, I knew
flat time that We had sue-
ed in reducing the radio-
o fall-out from bombs by
cast 90 per cent, No one
suggested to me at that
cnt that we were going
lake it completely clean,
ugh Admiral (Lewis L.]
uss [chairman of the
to Energy Commission]
told me that It was cer-
we would get down to
95, 96 per cent. which
?tting very close to it,
identally, now we are ;
ng, and very hopefully
t, about some kind of
'Won of tests, But if,
under any circumstances
, is another test made, I
ming to invite any cous-
in the world that wants
me and fire its rockets in
ir and see just exactly
much radio !radioactive]
'lit there is from those
s because we are not
g to make at this ?to
bigger bombs, as I have
you before. We are try-
to make small bombs,
bombs, and to develop
Inns in a peaceful world,
ell as just Weapons of
D MaeLEISH of West.
'use Broadcasting? Sir,
-resident, yesterday Sen-
[John F4 Kennedy, Dem-
of Massachusetts, told
Senate that the 'United
s policy should express a
ger opposition to west-
colonialism, such as
cc's position In Algeria.
ell as to Communist im-
ism. Do you see any
,s by which this op/tom-
' 1,9 is In
expreici-.In our'irescrit-rior.:
des.
A.?Well, / Understand the
Secretary of State commented
at some length on this matter
yesterday. As I have told you
before, nothing is more com-
plicated than the questions
and prolamin that involve for-
eign policy; and any attempt
to oversimplify them and just ?
to make one great statement ,
of principle and truth and then
say, "That's that, no more,"
Is to ignore the other side of ,
equally intricate problems.
For example, take it at
home: I was just asked. a :
question about civil rights.
From one side of this picture i
there is no question. But from
the side of people who have
lived with a very, very deft-
the social problem for a num-
ber of years, there are almost
violent reactions on the other
side.
Now,, the same way foreign
policy, in here you have the?
you have the whole standing
of America in the world in-
volved, the standing of Amer-
ica as a fair nation trying to
be decent to all, not taking
any particular sides in either
domestic. or in international
quarrels, trying to be a friend
to lead back to peace. And I
believe the United States' best
role as a leader in the world
today is te. try tO.be under-
standing to bags Wes in any
quarrel if .it is any of our
business, and we are invited
in any -way and try to lead
them back to peace.
Now, that means often you
work behind the scenes, be-
cause you don't get up and
begin to shout about such
things or there will be no
effectiveness. Generally speak-
ing, though, I would say read
Mr. Dulles' report or reac-
tion to this, which I agree
Pryrb Knowledge
P. BRANDT of
Mr. President, is ,there any
way in which we can share our
knowledge on clean bombs
with Russia and the other na-
tions which might develop
theni? A.---Well, I raised that
question, Mr. Brandt, the sec-
ond the scientists talked to me
about it, and they said, 'Why,
the minute that we have
proved what we say we are
going to prove, why, we would
want them to have it." That
Is just what they
Q.?That would require leg-
islation, of course? A.--
would think so, yes.
MARTIN S. HAYDEN o
The Detroit News?Sir, would
you elaborate adittle more on
this statement that you made
that future atomic tests are
going to be open to any coun-
try that wants to come to
watch them? A --Well, I saki
this- well, I don't mean to say
you take the men and show
them all your formula, and all
that sort of thing as to what ,
you have done. But I said ter-
Mikilbtitt dtt Weird
CPYRGHT
Conference
the proposition U1T1t1?
nest 0.1 Lawrence and Dr,
[Edward] Teller brought to
e, that eventually you could
eke completely clean bombs,
nd that even now you are 06
r cent clean, that it, you
aye only 4 per cent of radio-
Malty, radioactive fallout,
at you did in the original
mb, I say we would be glad
ask any nation there to put
s proper instruments in the
ir to detect whether or not
en' contention is true.
LILLIAN LEVY of The Na-
onal Jewish Post, Indiana-
lis?Congressman (Ray J.I
ridden 9Democrat] of Indiana
as proposed a resolution that
[fluid require all questions
sed in radio and TV broad-
? sts of interviews with Com-
, unist leaders to be subject
advance clearance by the
ecretary of State and the di-
tor of C. L A. Do you
? have, Mr, that such vestries:
ons can serve any useful
irpose?
A.?Well, I dent?you ask
? question can it serve any
eful purpose: I say this;
hat our tradition of a free
? ess and tree access to
owledge and to opinion is
?t only very great, but it is
aranteed really by the Con-
nation, and I would think
y such process as you talk
,out would align, us with that
'pe of country where gov-
mental, political goveni-
ental, action is a dominant
dor instead of the kind of
?mocratte processes that we
? lieve in so thoroughly.
DOUGLASS CATER JR. of
e Reporter magazine -Mr.
within the past year
iu have failed to reappoint
r. Dewey Adams of the
A, B. and Mr, Harry Cain
the Subversive Activities
introl Board, and Mr.
homes E.! Murray of the
. E. C. It has been charged
at you do not look favorably
the right of the dissenter
ithin these regulatory com-
issions, I wonder if you could
just say broadly what is your
philosophy about the right to
dissent upon these commis-
sions?
A.---Well, if someone would
hear sonic of the conversa-
tions and discussions in con-
ferences in my of Lice there
would be no doubt about my
approval of the right to dis-
sent, I appoint people to of-
fice on the basis of the hest I
tank I can find and I am re-
sponsible to myself and to my
own conscience it appointing
them that way, and that Is
the way I do- it.
PETER LISACCIII of The
Chicago Daily News?To get
back to the French-Algerian
question for just a moment-,
A. Get back to what?
Q.?The French - Algerian
dispute for just a moment?
Q,?When he returned from
Africa, Vice President Nixon
made a -report to you about
the situation in Algeria, as we
understand it. Could you tell
us whether he mace any spe-
cific changes for the Admin-
istration to take a different
approach in the matter? A.--
No no. As a matter of fact,
5
CPYRGHT
13 0 eq,
about that,. and, I believe, .1
not mention it in his writo
report. That is the way I r
cam because he was not eon
alls' Orilefed to go to Algeri.
in that trip. He went to scan
of the other countries,
He merely pled for, or roe
mornended, understanding am
...........g tote fair to both sides
1 because there is a terrific ar?
gument. After all, there is
one million three or tour hun-
dred thousand Europeans in
the country, and just 'turning
the whole thing loose could
well result in a very great
disaster
I don't know exactly what
to go about it, but it is one
that you study, realizing It is
an internal problem primarily
because Algeria was pact of
metropolitan letallee, at least
legally, and you try to jest be
as fair and square and helpful
as you can.
EDWARD P. MORGAN of
The American Broadcasting
,
Company-- Mr. President,
would it be correct to infer
from your invitation this
morning about the witnessing
of nuclear explosions and the
Ill rthcoming announcement
t his. afternoon about the in-
creased gist Himhim of I heee
that the A diundstration is at-
tempting in this way to refute
i the a I-guinea Mid Vd7 dare
i not be as sincere in disarma-
ment as ire would like to be?
Ir am thinking in terms of the.
debate Belt has berm going on
as to whid we would lose and
what we would gain by sus?
pending test a.
A.----Mr. Morgan now yea
needn't think that this whole
business of disarmament, Boil
as it: is, is operdod on the
bans of shooting Boni the hip.
For throe long years every-
body' in the Government, with
the aid of task Woes, of
which we have had people like
Dr. Lawrence a MI Gee Bedell
:Smith, and people of that kind
have been working on this
thing to develop a pokey for
the United States. You take
that policy and ,you try to find
out, how it would affect, ether
nations,
You don't Want to go to the
.
Sends or to any other nation,
ter example, and make a pro-
posai that affects a third
country without that third
country's approval, because
teen you suddenly become like
Napoleon arid Alexander, on a
raft in the Vistula, settling
the fate 01 Enrope,
We are not dcang that, SO
? you do have, though, the prob-
lem, atter yen make out a,
program that Beelike logical
and decent, to us on a. country,
Ii y go and take up the prob.
Inn with Germany, with
Frantic, with NATO, the whole
NATO group, with Britain,
with Canada, eVarybOdy that
in affected by that proposal,
in order that you don't Just
destroy the whole effort by
sadden recalcitrance because
someone believes their Own
sovereignty or their own
rights have been ignored.
Now, we have very valued
allies and friends and we try
to work with them very, very
closely in all such things. Now
this means that from time to
thee, as new information be-
comes available, It becomes
very difficult or, I mean, it
takes a long, sort of iaborious
process, to get. everybody in
line again. This is not easy
Washington Post
e 2002/h9/22 :ItruiDP65-00756R000500130067-0
Today and Tomorrow .
On the Grandchildren's Future
CPYRGHT
? By Walter Lippmann
MARSHAL TITO. it turned
out, has more than enough to
do without being drawn ;into
: the discussion, which was
:started by
: Ishrushc he so
about social-
' ism and Airier-
scan grand
; children. This
may have
been mere dis-
cretion but I
rather sus-
pect that Tito
!has learned
from his own
varied expert- Lippman
, race that long-range ? predict-
thins about the future of a so-
cial system are almost certain
to express little more than the
prophet's hopes or fears. Al-
though Marxists like to think
'that they possess the secrets
t of history, no Marxist. tore
:saw, or could have foreseen,
:what now goes by the name of
t socialism in Yugoslavia.
The only thing' we know for
:certain is that in the twent
?eth century, there is a rapid
;arid unpredictable evolution
in every society, except pee-
!haps in the most primitive
:and isolated. Kbrushchey does
not know, he cannot know
,wtiat will develop in Russia in
:ten years, much less in Amer-
Ica in thirty years.
The Communist world from
:China to Yugoslavia and Po-
land, including Russia itself,
is not proceeding at-cording to
some grand plan, revealed by
Marx and Lenin, which leads
to a common end; the various
Communist regimes are feel-
ing their way, seeking reme-
dies and solutions for their
tactical difficulties, and they
are rationalizing the absence
of a grand and universal
principle by saying that there
are many roads to socialism,
As they take these many and
!differing roads, they will he-
gome Many and differing sod.
tties
Casa
IF NO ONE KNOWS what
'socialism will he like in 1W0
generations, neither does any.
'one know what the American
eronomy will be like.. It will
Or course, not be like the Rus-
sian or the Chinese today.
We can be sure of that he-
cause the controlling princi-
ple in both Russia and in
China is the rapid and forced
development of an economi-
cally and technologically back-
ward country. The American
economy, as Communist think-
ers themselves often say, has
long since reached a stage of
development which Russia is
still struggling to reach,
which China has hardly be-
gun to approach.
SO we can be sure that while
our grandchildren will nape-
tinnce great changes in the
A inericaa economy, these
changes will not bra reaction
to and a recapitulation or the
Russian and Chinese experi-
ence. Communism may rep)
resent a future to A priMitive
country like China. But for
America, Communism is heel.
event, having nothing to dn
with our highly &kapott and
complex economy.
The American social order
has changed greatly in this
century, so greatly that terms
like capitalism and free en-
terprise and competition,
which come down to its from
the nineteenth century, no
longer describe our economy
There have been the wars,
and the rise of the United
States as a world power with
a great military establishment.
There has been the fabulous,
indeed explosive, increase of
the American population.
There has been not only the
deep and wide technological
development, but, with the on
ganization of scientific re-
search, a radically new pace
in the application of science.
There has been also, so at
least it seems to me, a non-
violent? but nevertheless rev-
olutionary ehan le in the
inner principle of our own
social economy. This is the
new principle, which goes by
the prosaic name of "full em-
cloym en t"?the imperative
that the Government must
use the fiscal and other
powers of the state to keep
the demand for labor at least
equal to the supply.
Until the present generation
this principle was unknown
to, much less was it the policy
of, the United States or any
other capitalist nation. Its
adoption marks a profound
change. It would not in my
view be an exaggeration to
say that It has brought about
a revolution in the West which
has made the Communist rev-
olutionary propaganda irrele-
vant and antiquated.
For when the Governrryent
is committed to the mainte-
nance of full employment, the
bargaining power of labor is
underwritten, This means a
decisive change in the balance
of forces within our society,
Ns,
THE NEW PRINCIPLF, of
full employment was formu-
lated during the great depres-
sion between the two world
wars. Its technique is based
on the discovery during the
first world war that a govern-
ment can promote production,
regardless of the gold supply.
by managing credit and the
currency. The impulse to ap-
ply the technique of war fi-
nance to the pe?atetime econ-
omy came from the' huge un-
employment' and the vast
misery of the great depres.
shim The commitment to the
new policy CMOS from the
voters who, having learned
that unemployment can he
prevented, wilt rot tolerate
any government which does
not prevent it.
Although the principle or
ti.el employment was worked
out under Roosevelt and 'fru-
:man, it is now national policy
from which no public :man,
who expects to have a future?
would think ,of dissenting.
cs1.3
WE It AVE not begun to see
the full consequences of the
new principle. But la all
probability, it is the real reau
son why it appeared that the
inflation in which we find our
selves cannot be stopped by
the orthodox devices of tight
money and a balanced budget.
It may well be that, a gradual
inflation is the inseparable
accompaniment of the policy
of full employment, and that
the two together will gradu-
ally hut inexorably work a
great transformation in the
American way of life.
YRGHT
it, ion the other hand, there
is CO shooting from the hip.
It 'is' all based on long, earnest
tidies by the finest people we
can get together.
Red Submarines for Egypt
MILTON FRIEDMAN of
The 'Jewish Telegraphic Agen-
cy you give us your
thinking, sir, an the furnish-
so balarinea by the Simi-
itoion to Egypt, atut the
edion of piety? and sta.bd-
in Inc Middle Bast! A---
ell, I would say it was UT-
he Ipt Lit : that is all r would say
about
DAYTON MOORie of The
hided Press Thank you, Mr.
Preset en I.
C. S. Mobiter
JUL 1 1957
London: Dr. Libby Arrives
CPYRGHT
Dr. Willard F. Libby of the United States Atomic 'Enc.,,
'mission has told newspapermen that the United States lid
Britain share the lead in developing atomic energy Can peace.
tut purposes lie arrived June ail for a visit to Britain. Asked
about the pro:nieces for development of a hydrogen bomb with-
Ola radioactive fallout, Dr. Libby said the United States has
made good progress.
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6
Approved For Release 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-00756R000500130067-0
CPYRGHT
Washington Post
JUL 5 1957
Washington Post c pyRGHT
JUL 5 1S51
Matter of Fact
soviet ICBM
? ? ?
By StewnrAkop.
? Macmillan Says Britain
THE merican Govern
tient rut i has convincing col
-
dente t 14 the Soviets have
anaemia ;7 tested their first
?aperient:, Al
version or
long- range,
multi stage
ballistic m
site.
T h e Soviet
prototype Wile
teated only a
few weeks he-
fore Atlas, the
tint Amer
can version of
;7,1 }intercom'. Stewart Alsop
t 'Mai ballistic missile, was
wn up off the Florida coast,
tie June 11.
this first Soviet test of an
WW1' prototype is. of course,
an event of grave international
significance. It is comparable,
as a technical achievement, to
the first Soviet test of any
atomic bomb in 19.49, and to
the s est Soviet hydrogen
bomb ' est, in 1953. Eventual-
ly. it ',ay be expected to have
the si,xne profound effect no
the w. rd balance of power as
those two Soviet technical tel.
Umpha.
The ICBM has been called
'the ultimate weapon" be.
cause there is no known de-
fense against it. A fully oper-
ational ICBM ei designed to
fly half way round the world
at several hundred miles alti-
tude. M a matter of minutes,
armed with a thermonts
Fleas warhead, characteristics
which suggest why any de-
fense against it is for the
preeent wholly theoretical.
6.0
THE firwiet test version was
? multistage rocket with an
"'operational configure t I on.'
in ether worths, it was a first
tont version of a weapon de-
signed for ultimete Military
use, ?-ether than r mere re-
seals it vehicle. r is does not
met A, of course, it the S,-
vi' is will have Jperational
'Carts in strategically steels
Sit quantities in the very
OrfO" future. There is a long,
Oilier& road to travel he-
otsen the first test firing of a
tir aotype multi ? stage long
7; rige missile and the achieve-
ment of an operational wears
Otis system
An ICBM consists essen.
(tally a three parts?The enor-
mous first stage rocket which
powers the initial flight, the
second stage rocket which car-
ries the warhead over the
target area, and the warhead
itself. The first stage must
be tested again and again to
eliminate "hugs." Then the
Accurate -divorce" of the see
ond stage from the first must
also he repeatedly tested?it
W1 n easy task to if nch one
rocket from the bar, of an-
other, traveling at rims times
the speed of sound, s accu-
rately that the second rocket
remains on course.
Final] y, a thermonuclear
warhead must also be de-
signed capable of withstand-
mg the terribly high temper-
atures caused by the friction
of the reentry of the rocket
intri the earth's atmosphere,
And, nnce all these problems
have been solved, it is then
necessary to build decisive
numbers of these enormously
cemplieated an d expensive
weapons, construct launching
sites for them, and train per-
sonnel In the complex busi-
ness of maintaining and *per-
Ming them.
vas
ICBM bases are, communal, pis(
with bases for long range deer
craft, Mobile and Emily ton-
_ .
meted. If both aides have an
operational ICBM but sys-
tem, neither M. tan knock
out the nth e's delivery sys-
tem. But 1 the Soviets are
the first ti, create an opera-
ltionat tle system, they
could Tatth in a surprise at-
' lack, destre,v the strategic air
force bases, and thus the
American capacity to retali-
ate decisively. No one can
judge whether they might ac-
tually do so. But the oppor-
tunities for blackmailing the
United States into accepting a
superMunich are obvious, and
mill history suggests that the
Soy is would certainly take
adv vase of these opportunl-
tie.,
'I s is enough to suggest
wia the Soviet, in the midst
of the talk of disarmament
and "peaceful coexistence,"
have made an enormous effort
to win the ICBM "race.
Tlinuati we have not yet
lost the ICBM race, we have
received clear warning that
we may lose therace. And
the Soviet ICBM test is only
the latest item in an accumu-
lating wealth of evidence,
which will be described in a
forthcoming report, that fine
Soviet have made giant strides
In miasile development.
These Soviet triumphs have
been achieved at a time when
the American missile effort is
being sharply rut back in the
name of economy and in cle-
ferenee to the budget ceiling.
Beeause this is so, the deco
Mon has apparently beets
. taken to play down the dan-
ger, and to hush up the evi-
dence of the first Soviet pro-
totype test. Yet the test oc-
curred, and it has gravely
shaken the highest official
circles as well it might.
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'Progresses' on II-Bomb
ROLititi
Prone Minister Harold Mac-
millan told the House of Com-
mons today that Britain was
making progress towards thej
production of "el 'an- hydrogenl
bombs.
But be adde6, M reply to
tine; Ms, that it would not be
in 0 public interest to dia.'
close
He air Hughes, Labor, who,
rsisesS
he point, said the publicl
was entitled to SOttle informa-
tion flout it. This was a "verse
:urgent, matter which affects the
peace, health and Sloppiness of
mankind." he said.
The Prime Minister replied:
"Any progress towards the pro.
auction, of clean bombs would
nnl have taken place at allsif
had yielded tn what you and
your friends wanted, which Wag
not to test."
Washington Post
JUL 5 1357
RGH.Stepping Out
In terms or its impact on worm opinion, Tne
American response to Russia's proposal foie a
suspension of nuclear weapon tests seems grudg-
ing ;rid conditional. Valerian Zorin, the Soviet
deleg ite to the London conference, offered a two?
to th cc-year cessation of tests. Harold Stassen,
the A,nerican delegate, has now offered in return,
in behalf of the United States, to halt nuclear
tests for 10 months, provided the Russians will
agree tU,. stop making bomb material, with an
actual cutoff about 1959. It would have reflected
much greater credit on the United States if the
initial suspension proposal had come from this
country with the support of its allies. Unfortu-
nately, the difficulties of securing agreement in
the West have enabled Russia to seize the
iMtiative.
Ten months is not a very long or impressive
suspension period. It was made brief, nn dnubt,
in order to fix a deadline for Soviet acceptance
of the proposed halt in production of fissionables.
But the tentative nature of the American suspen-
sion plan, together with the condition attached
' to a gives rise. inescapably, to some suspicion
that the United States is less enthusiastic about
achieving agreement than it might be. And this
suspicion may well have been augmented by the
hope which President Eisenhower expressed at
his news conference a week ago that a completely
'clean" bomb might be developed if testing could
continue.
At his news conference yesterday, the President
helped to dispel this suspicion. The political and
psychological benefits of reaching some agreement
with the Russians would be so great, he pointed
out, that they would outweigh the scientific dis-
advantages of suspending further tests. For this
reason, he said, he still believes firmly that the
United States should go ahead with the effort to
work out a firm agreement. This seems to us
the heart of the matter. The political and psycho-
logical benefits are so immensely important that
they would warrant acceptance of a single-step
stispension agreement if the two-step proposal
advanced by the , United States could not he
achieved, One step leads to another. The Ind's-
'pensable thing is to get moving.
00500130067-0
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LION 2 8 1,
CPYRGHT
Nutting Says Red Aim
Is Time to Match U. S.
Asserts Swirls Will Try to Get It
With Arms Pact on Their Terms
Lc the ccond of two
desb Anthoay Nutting,
TO ea British. Albtleger Of Stage
Foreign Affairs; atho is a
:id wetter /In the New York
edd Tribune.
--- ?
By Anthony Nutting
fl r?.1 U Limilhur P10
posais fa the :suspension of nu-
clear tests should be rejected 11.$
dangerous and ins
adequate, is there
any hope of Rus-
sia accepting a
Western counter-
proposal a n d
flat should that
counter-pnaPosal
contain? I am
sorry to say that
II the signs are
that the SOVittS
would not a.t :Nutting
present accept anything th t we
should regard as adequate and
safe. What they want is time to
develop their guided missile
program and to , accumulate.
their nuclear weapon stock-
piles. If they cannot get it as
part of a one-sided disarmament
agreement (in their own term,s,.
they will for the: present go
without an agreement,
A leading French authority
put, it this Wiwi "If the Ameri-
cans have thousands of H-
bombs, thc Russians ere still in
the hundreds, and they are de-
termined to catch UP."
Of course the eXOnnents of
agreement-at-any-Price will say
that it ivould not matter if Rus-
sia caught up and achieved par-
ity with America. They argue
that what motel's is to add
the tests before the world be-
comes Nteillized or dntegrated
or both. They Iorget that
the diSardlattleht Committee lisj
Charged Cgth the Sob of work-1
ling out a disarmament agree-
ment not a health: convent1on.
They forget too, or deliberately
ignore, the prodigious effort
which Russia is putting into
guided missile development.
Cu the information at my dh-
posal. I should not be surprised
H the Soviets are Well ahead of
everyone else in this sphere,. in-
cluding tbe United States, With
this thought in mind, awould
he most dangerous nonsense to
pretend that aa agreement
to suspend tests V41:5 the begin-
ning of disarmament
Apart from ' anything else
such an agreement would not
tackle the "fourth countrY"
problem. France for one has
eaid she would accept no agree-
ment, short or Iona term, unless
it included a. cut-off 61 nuclear
ApprovniForiftereabe 2002Y07/2r
pesos There arc others wit;
I u cne Arne, arid VOW INCUR'
nisi stand Idly by and watch the
t reit nuclear powers of today
g on perfecting and increasing
t mir weapon Stocks while the
nest of the work' was excluded
loin the club.
Such class distinction would
1 e resisted on grounds of ores-
ge iet alone security. Hasn't
I rime Minister Macmillan said
I at Brits m s possession of
1/4.11r. H-bomb would not only in-
crease her security but weak]
strengthen her influence in the
aouneils of the citadel? And
would not such countries as
Western Germany, Jarmo and
:sin:, not to mention Commu-
: bit China like to do both of
'hese things? And each of these
ountries have, or could acquire,
he wherewithal to make nu-
lear areallions.
They could hardly be expected
herefore meekly to subscribe to
n agreement proposed by the
luirlfear Wirers of today \illicit
n terms seeks to sustain their
nonopoly and, by permitting
mlimited production of weapons.
seen to expand it? And once
the nuclear. Curet is possessed,
Df seven or eight nations, howl
ong befme it is common prop-
erty?
-brother Danger
In Red Approach
There ts another danger in
accepting' the Soviet piecemeal
approach. This is a slippery
slope. Once a suspension of tests
was in effect, it would then be
argued that we stannic' accept,
the Russian proposals for con-
ventional disarmament.
'Don't complicate things b,
making a German settlement a
precondition' we should be told.
Soviet propaganda would parade
:heir latest reductions from 4,6
to 2.8 million men. conveniently
ignoring that the purpose of
those cuts was mat disarmament
but modernhation. Would the
British and Amatican public,
hungry for peace and WCarg et
war icold and hot variety!, be
robust enough to 'resist these
further calls to abandon then
vigilance and their friends!? It
would be lustier not to risk it.
In ell the disarmament nei.o.
!lotions the Soviets have tic(
CherMOUS advantages over tin
Western triivers.
Pint, they only have in con
suR themselves ? tnctpossibli
Peiping. They give orders tt
their European allies. tad
Western nation has not only .te
consult its, flute coramit te
:Partners hut the fifteen-mem
ber e.ouncil of NATO and, I
the. case of Britain. eight mem
bers ol the Commonwealth a
well,
Second. the Soviets
flY6 eXiied the inhere
7..orfttallireg-91675tROPOVP01140067-0
not CS' Cal .e
ohey for vey ion f ft invovcs
aerifecing a rising standard oi
tying.
Western co-ordination in the
sarMaMent committee has
ever been good, eIt, was justii
. _
bad in my day!) The West-
ern members appear sometimes
ever-eager: sometimes hesitant
and negative. Because they do
not know and cannot a.gree
what they want, they have no
taint positive :proposals.
Br Thin Fronts
4 Stockpile
'the United States and France
wa it an immediate stoppage of
II- omb production. But Britain,
laving badly IrL the atomic ?
rare., wants nine to concoct 'a
stc diode from the recipe which
sh has just acquired. Her neat
de ense policy has staked the
en ire security of the nation on
nuclear Weapons. If Russia andi
America s.greed tomorrow to a'
cu,-off. 13ritain would be in an
intaissible fix. However unlikely
h a may be, Britain b reluctant
to go along with America and
Fiance M insisting that a cessa-
ti n of tests he accompanied by
a cut-oft of production. This
pr Pim could and should be
odercome by Anacrica agreeing '
u sell weapons to Britain now
at she has: the regiCe.
Frehee attaches far less im-
p itemise to political settlements
t' an do Britain and America.
na many 'Frenchmen would
P to to see Germany stay tit.
v (Jed. Yet no disarmament,.
ereement would be carried
:vend the most pecliminery ?
s ages untal Germany had been
S
If the Russians are net to tau
F td Mere rh'ieS 'round. us and
11' hghtir OCIShOrl IS not to rani
awiay with us, the Western new-
t 'a dilgt agree forthwith on in
drectiv e counter-pronosal to
:checkmate the latest Sm let
!note. They :mist insist that, tett-
' lc and producing nuclear
.capons be prohibited sitnulta.-
misty. and they should include
elided missiles in this en Maori'.
'hey should also in tist the li
tidal inspection a reas cover
mth sides equally. Finally they
borate hold fiam that political,
.ettlements Rre an essential pre-
onditien of large-scale disarm-
No doubt Russia. would retort
iuen a proposal. Emote ivilrfor
:he piesent Remit anyivitic Rmits short-
Inn.
melear CrOCtrld and Rhr long-
plan h
term )lan which demands a
Gerthert erttlemont. Bulganin
kind Ennisheligii made that yery
plain at Geneva and again in
London a year ago, when they
deimitiSed the division of Ger-
many as 'irrelevant" to the
disarmarilen'. Problem.
But the, West must not be
eifraid to remind public opinion
thair, a bad screemern is fee
derSt.` 'hag rt, ague:mint. We
I'MUSt re-emphasize the rd:anew
lof Russia iie nucleat build-up and
!Germany's future to any dis-
!armm
aent scheme. 11 ice ir
tihre
Fithe one and betray the other to
!get aererintint for ligreEnrent's
vcr stulnlic mnytgaRin,c our
kttul ity and selling short cur
Approved For Release 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-00756R000500130067-0
CPYRGHT
? II IN Then
JUL 5 !hi
EASTERN EUROPE
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
3 OUSTED SOVIET LEADERS
ALSO LOSE STATE OFFICES;
'NEXT STEP WAITED fiP
Reports Unconfirmed
r vLtc4ncse were
Molotov, Kaganovich rephor,t?s'asciimuc uploastsedibleoutotsiedoenf itrhatt
and Maluku Are
Punished Further
By WILLIAM a JORDEN
SMCIal rat Mir YOU lima
I MOSCOW, July 4.--Three Sips
from the Communist party hire
archy lost their high Covert.
ment posts today.
! Newt; of the Government di s
!missals came a day after ti
;disclosure that the three men,
Veracheslay M Molotov, Gear
M. Malenkov and Lazar M.
Kaganovich, brad been removed
from both the Communist pa
ty's Central Committee and the
committee's Presidium.
All three men were form",
intimates of Stalin amt as mere%
hers of the Presidium belongel
to the most powerful /tingle bo*
in the Soviet system.
The question asked in Moscow
tonight was what would halve,
next to the "dogmatists and op-
nortunists," as tini three dia.
missed men were called, The r
continue as members of th P
party.
Cabinet Shifts Listed
The Presidium of the Suprem
Soviet, Mgest state body in th
Soviet system, announced ill ;
following changes tonight fit th
Cabinet of Premier Nikolai A
Sulganin.
tilt Molotov was oustm
from his job as a First Deput)
Premier and as banister M Stan
Control, a post equivalent tt
Government auditor.
? eMr. Malenkov removed from
hl post as a Deputy Premier
and Minister of Electric Powel
Stations.
? lialte Kaganovich was disi
missed from his First Deputy
Premiership, He held no Cabinet
portfolio siace his Ministry of
the Building Materials Industry
had been abolished in the recent
economic reorganization.
eatlexei E. Pavlenko was
named as Mr. Malenkov's sue-
CliSSOr in the Electric Power
Stations post, which Mr. Pave
enko had held before Mr. Malens
kov's appointment. in February,
Approved For Release 2
Soviet Union that Meeks. Moat
otov, Malenkov and Kaganovich
had been placed under house se-
rest. That would be a logical
IprocNiure If the three men were
to be place don trial for their
'activities.
The indictment of the Central
Committee that was publlahed
'ea right did not suggest they
had teen guilty of criminal acts,
but .helr anti-party activities
collie be elaborated with little
diffieilty into ermies agar wt the
peop
Th Soviet Covernn tot made
official tonight its ear n prom-
ise that compulsory dela, aries to
the s ate from the privete plots
1of collective farmers Would be
,enclec next Jan, 1.
He etofore farmers have been
Teeth ed to turn in to the state
certa percentages of the meat
;and vegetable produce they
raisec on private plots assigned
to th m by the collective farm.
Opposition by Messrs. Melotov,
; Malertov and Kaganovich to the
!abolit on of these compulsory
&live-les was listed by the
party yesterday as. one of the
reasoi s for their dismissal.
Deaeloprnents at the top of
pyran id of the Soviet leadership
were almost the only topic of
conve sation at the traditional
July 4 reception given today by
the V ated States Embassy. The
party was held at Spaso Rouse,
the Ambassador's residence,
where Richard Davis, Charge
d'Affe res, acted as host.
The Soviet leadership was rep-
resent el only by Anastas I.
Mikoy it, veteran party Presi-
dium member, Nikolai M. Shyer-
nik, n ivly appointed full mem-
ber o that fifteen-man, body,
and A Mei A. Gromyko, Foreign
Minist a They seemed their
usual elves as they chatted and
1drank with members of Mos-
leceses iplornatie community and
host of visiting Americans.
Asked what effect the re-
moval of Messrs. Molotov,
,Maienhav and Kaganovleh would
have Mr. Mikoyan relined:
"everything will be the same,
only atter." He indicated there
would be no major policy
Ichancs but that things would
O mare smoothly with the three
9
Dmitri T. SititpllOv. ale had been
mentioned only once in the par-
ty indictment of the ousted lead-
ers, and the only for having
"sided with them."
Mr. Skeane's, was dismissed
from all his party posts as alter-
nate member of the Presidium,
ember of the Central iruttee and one of the Partal
retaries. He held no Govern.;
ment post since he resigned as;
Foreign Minister last March.
Another mystery was what,
had happened to Maxim Z. Sabu-
rov, one the Soviet Unimes top
economic planner. He was
dropped from the party Presidi-
um without explanation and had
not even been made a candidate
as had his colleague in economic
planning, Mikhail G. Perviiklart.
Mr. Mikoyan said tonight that
?Sr. Saburov still was a member
of the Central Committee. He
said, too, that Mr. Permikhin
had been demoted because of his
"youth and inexperience."
?
alan.sup,.se, sent-act. JN UUIS iS.
Khrushehey. the party secretary
nor his constant companion,
Premier Btaganin, appeared a
the party, it was announced aft
daily that they would leave to
a state visit to Czechosloyaki
July 8. Their visit had bee
postponed, presumably because
of the developments of the last
two weeks.
Much of sPeeulation m Moe-
cow tonight centered on what
changes, if any, could be expect-
ed from the Kremlin as a result
of the changes n leadership. In-
terest was focused on foreign,
policy. The dismissed leaders
had been accused of opposing
the Soviet policy of promoting
better relations with all coun-
t:1;i%
Mikoyan gave no hint at
the party that there would be
any alteration in the Kremlin's
general line in domestic or for-
eign affairs.
Mr. Mikoyan wa sengaged in
earliest conversatton with Yugo-
slav Ambassador Veliko Mieuno-
vie. One of the things Mr. Mo-
lotov was specifically criticized
for was opposition to the resto-
ration of friendly relations with
Yugoslavia.
Mass Meetings Held
The Soviet leadership did not
rely on the bare announcement
of the removal of Messrs 'Molo-
tov, Malenkov and Kaganovich
to convince. the Soviet public
that the action was both neces-
sary and desirable. Newspapers
today were filled With. reports]
of mass meetings that had been
'held in most major cities in ad-
vance of the official announce-
ment.
The most important of those
meetings was held in Moscow
Tuesday evening. The audience
heard speeches by Mr. Khmer
shchev, Premier Regatta% and
Miss Yekaterina A. Furtseva,
newly appointed to regular mem-
bership in the party Presidium
and the only woman ever to
reach that position.
At the meeting party officials,
engineers and workers spoke in
support of the party's action
against the three men who had
been dismissed. Messrs. Molotov,
_Malenkov and Kaganovich were
accused of "conspiratorial meth.
ods" in trying to set up an "anti-
party faction."
? Special fire was directed
against Mr. Molotov, who has
been in the highest Soviet circle
longer than any living man. One
speaker at the Moscow meeting
said that as Minister of State
Control Mr. Molotov, instead of
promoting party decisions, had
"written letters against those
decisions."
Some Mysteries Remain
One of the mysteries that
happened to
L tkeYRGHT
JUL5 1957
MALENKOV OUSTER
POSES A PROBLEM
Khrushchev Group May Find
It Hard to Destroy His
Popularity With Farmers
By HARRY SCH1VAR'fZ
NLKEta S. KflrU.flC.fleV. it
Ions group of Soviet leaders be-
gs a yesterday to cope math their
internal problem in the wake of
their latest purge -the wide
popularity of ?corgi At "Laken
-
Roy.
Yesterday's announcement that
produce grown in peasant gar-
dens would he freed irom Gov-
ernment requisitions Jan. I
seemed clearly calculated to win
favor among millions who wel-
comed former Premier Mabee,
keel's 1953 promises of higher
living standards. Collective faiTh-
ers will be allowed to sell the
produce grown on private plots
at the relatively high pries pre-
vailing in the Soviet free market.
thus raising their income and
purchasing 'power.
The political intent of the move
was underlined by the fact that
the communique announcing the
Moseoiv action asserted that Mr.
Malenkov and his fellows had
opposed the change. Mr. Karush-
chev had held out this deices-
Mon as a possibility in a speech
earlier this year.
Soviet farmers, however, may
not be satisfied. Their personal
garden plots are usually half an
acre or less. Most Soviet food
is grown on the common lands
owned by the collective tarries to
which almost all peasants be-
long, and Government exactions
front these farms? exactions paid
for at prices far below the free
Market rate--will continue.
If all cemputeory deliveries;
were abolished and all produce
was sold at prices determined by
supply and demand-- as has been;
.90
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
APPWYgilgETAWeiRP9,40(424742
lite.65:00756R000380130067-0
elution there?then presumably! Silentlov accompanied Mr. Khni-
1Fdeerthele'llaiga's1h9e5s6. coTlimptsletel public
with
e en-
peasant Income income would rise very +whey to Belgrade when the lat-
.
substantially. But the price on ter apologized for the 1948 ex
the present assertions that he
food to city workers might then, associated with the Molotov.
rise top creating neW political Matenkov 'anti-party fraction*
communication of the Yugos as
Communists, In Be/grade, ac-
cording to Yugoslav sources, Mr.
problems.

Shepilow acted as Mr. /Chen-
shchev's expert and -sought to I
find means of reconciling &MeV
Concession to Farmers Whether the Malenkov-Moto-
toy group will ever have a
Mr. Khrushchev's original chance
speech suggesting the concession and Yugoslav views on the na- to tell its side of the con-
to the fanners indicated the tore of socialism. Raving re. a
flat
re conflicting precedents among
remains to be seen. There
sensitive nature of this moven .thaed Mr. Molotov as Eoretgn
Ile mentioned the likelihood that. holster, Mr Shenilov welcomed
his proposal would, improve the
political atmosphere in Soviet
villages. Even such an Indirect. i present situation in Soviet his-
hint in popular discontent is 1 tory took place in October, 1927.
rare in official Soviet statemnsts, Thus, all the evidence hitherto
,
The collective farms, which : i.i.orilatile about Mr, Stwitiktv's Then 1 wo major Soviet leaders Leon Trotsky and Gregory Zino I
. these last fesir -years points
farshal Tito to Moscow In
une, 1956.
A Khrtishekev Collaborator
which the Soviet leaders may
choose to govern themselves in
deciding these men's fate.
The closest analogue to the
were formed. afterdifficulta:en were expelled from the.
struggle in the early Nineteen ro the conehision that he was
Thirties, make up about 90 per Mae of Mi', Khrushchey's closest central Committee session set
cent of Soviet agriculture. They
collaborators, and owed to Mr. ite eientr the same lint's as that. 1
'
are operated by machinery that leitushehetr his election as a Amlieh expelled the Maliankow?
rented from Government-owned Communist party Secretary la 'Molotov group last week
It was not entil a decade or
more later that Stalin began the
murder of his most prominent
Ipolitical opponents, and then the
majority of the most prominent
-were killed after trials at which
they publicly "confessed" treach-
ery.
hit. Khrusheheses attack on
Stalin last year emphasized that
Lenin, unlike Stalin, neither be-
lieved in nor practiced the im-
prisonment or shooting of his
internal Communist party op-
ponents.
On the other hand, former So-
secret police chief Laurenti
F. Berta was executed in De-
cember, 1953, after baying been
purged in June, 1953.
,
-and operated machine tractor ;
stations. Members of collective ;
farms share the net income in i
proportion to the work each one
dors, in addition, the Soviet '
Union has state farms owned by .
the Government and operated by '
hired workers who are paid as
factory hands are.
It remains. to be men whether
Soviet farmers believe that Mr,
IL Y. Times
JUL 5 157
CPYRGHT
SHIFT IN SA TEL
alalenkov and the other ousted
Soviet leaders optioned this con-
cession as asserted in the official
Communist party communique.
Doubt on this point arises for
at least two reasons:
First, Government requisitions
from the private gardens were
sharply reduced earlier in the
post-Stalin period, while the now
ousted leaders were still very
powerful, Under Stalin, the exac-
tions from these gardens were so
heavy that Many peasants found
It Wiser to slaughter their cows
rather than keep them and have
to deliver what the Government
required.
Second, .the communique as-
serted that. the ousted leaders
opposed raising material Moen
trees for fanners, that is to say
they opposed raising prices the
Government pays the collective
lams for their produce. But, the
first major increase in such
prices was announced in Septem-
ber 1953 while Ma Malenkov was
Premier of the Soviet Union.
Other Discrepancies
There were also ether discrep-
ancies in the official communi-
que explaining the ouster of the
leaders.
The most striking seemed to
be the linking of Dmitri T.
Shepilov as a fellow conspirator
with Mr. Malenkov. This raised
doubts because in January, 195.
Mr. Shepiloy gave the public sig-
nal for tb.e policy change that
preceded Mr. Ma.lenkov's
nation RS Soviet Premier,
Mr. FhepileV then was the
author of a major article in
Pravda that laid down the thesis
that the "general line of the
party" was the absolute primacy
of heavy industry over eon:sumer
good; industry. Premier Maine
Roe bad been identified since the
summer of 1953 with a policy of
muck higher pnority for con-
sumer goods production..
Linking of Mr. Shripilov with
former soviet Foreign 'Minister
Vyacheslay M. Molotov in the al-
leged conspiracy also seemed to
raise douhts.
Mr. Moletnir was knot to
have opposed the Soviet reeen-
ciliation with President Tito of
Yugoslavia. lile was released
from his just as Foreign Min-
ister on the eve of Marshal Tines
arrival in Moscow in June, MM.
But Mr ShopiloY had previously
been publicly identified as a sup-
meter of the noli.ey of Soviet-
appreNronsifteraelease
RUMANIANS REAC
2 Stalinists Droppe
by Politburo?Other
Moves Indicated
-?,_ --.-? -?--
By SYDNEY' (HUTSON
Pu The Nes, risk Tine,.
PRAGUE, Czechoslovakia, Jul,
CPYRGHT
The communique issued by
Ager press said the Central
Committee agreed with the con-
clusions drawn In the roporn
presented by M. GeoriehM-Del.1
One of these cone/miens tvaM
that M. Chtsinevaky and fit.
Constantinesen had to go,
(Agee press reported that
e Central Committee had
voted to oust the two men dur?
five-day meeting that
ended Tuesday, according to
news agencies. It said AL Con-
s mbar:soil kept his Govern..
Ineptants as First Deputy
transcends the frontiers of the'
ISoylet Union," said Zycie Wa
jszawye And firybuna Ludo, organ
? iof the Polish Central Committee,
Icorn in
' "Om- pally is solidly behind(
'the decisions of the Soviet party'
land sees in them the victory of
plying, creative Marxism-Lenin-
'ism ''
One theme was nommen to all
1Polish newspaper comment. it
was to the ef feet that the Soviet
iparty now was experiencing a
istroggie similar to that tinder-.-
taken by the Poles after h Marlys-
, .liac Onttaka return to power
IlasS October on a program of
liberalized communism.
I Gain for 'Socialist Unity'
The afternoon paper Express
Wieczerny said that the down-
fall of Soviet, dogmatists should
.be a warning to those Comma-
(nista in Poland "who would like
:to halt the changes happening
!here," Zycie Warszawy also Used
the occasion to reiterate the
Polish party's determination to
I find the "Polish road to social-
ISM," to which Vyacheslay M.
Molotov had been considered thei
major barrier in the Soviet party I
Pit.sidii III).
Moscow's actions, Zycie Wara
strawy added? "bring the work-
ing class of Poland closer to tire.'
Soviet nation, for they serve al
true .and sincere unity of the
Serialist countries "
General Rankovie, speaking at.
a rally in Prijedor, Bosnia, of
partisans gathered to celebrate
the
War uprising against
m stain of Marshal Tito's
the Germans, said:
"AU progressive and peace-
loving forces in the world will
welcome these changes as a
pipet victory of the people of
the Soviet Union and their
arty, as a victory of those
forces that are snuggling for
the maintenance of peace, for
constructive cooperation among
ipeoples and countries and for
'strengthening of socialism ? in
the world."
Advaneti Notice Indieated
Moscow's actions, General
Rankovie added, were "proof of
the vital rapacity of Soviet so-
ciety arid of its Socialist :forces,
a.n go steadily a Inner ft
Ionian Conlin Unist. party's polit-
giro WeVii (Waits:sod " today a
heels waves froni the Shake-up
the Soviet Communist leader-
11-111 ip began spreading through
:astern Europa
The two men whose remora!
as announced in Bucharest
ere Miron Constantineseu and
1 Sf Chisinevagy? who also lost
us job as a SQCITtary of the
party's Central. Committee. 'Both
len, whose membership in the
Lolitburo placed them In the top
nits of the Rumanian party,
v ere known as tough old-fine
traralinisis.
tin. Budapest, supporters of
? reinter Janos Ends r pre-
bet ed that the Mosconi events
voted strengthen the hand of
he Hungarian leader with the
waters Communist, pony.
lie East German Communist
a:Worship hailed the Soviet
hake-up.]
Action by Rintianian Chiefs ,
According to Ager press, the
?tidal Rumanian news agency,
el-orghe Georghiu?Dej, the Ru-
in mien party's First. Secretary,
livered a report to the Central
C rnmittee on the ronsego.enties
11 the Soviet party's Twentieth
C ngress in February, MO, at
ion Stalin yeas downgraded.
flu N. Chtsinevsky ana M.
:71 nstantinescu had attended the
D 'Fortieth Congress in Moscow.
Premier and Minister of Edu-
cation and Culture,
rhisinev,ski had been re-
garded n a the right-hand-man
of hi, 131morghin-Dej, and M.
Cowie itinesco Ms served as
the R imanian CCOUrerrisis'
expert education. Both men
are lenn-time Moscow-trained (
Communes.]
Othe au Expected fir I-all
It wan generally believed DWI
other Fe dens of the Communist,
world w old also fall before the!
affects d the dramatic actions 1
n Moseny died away,.
In oth r parts of Eastern Eu-
e, ire imitate reaction ranged
rom th Czechoslovak party's
'Hence t out jubilation in
leharatte and Warsaw, the head-
waters of the two Commumsl
iarties U at have st niggled hard-
-sit In th s part of the world foe
ndependi nce from Moscow's dic-
ation.
Airman jr Ennkovie, one of
tigoslay a's four trice Peen-
_ ..... .
ents an a confidant of Marshal
Ito, predicted that the Moscow
cisions would have "far-reach.
g posit ye consequences." He
lied tN removal of what he
esenbed as tbe "Malenkov
roup" f om the Soviet loader-
hip as "great victory" that
wild be "reflected positively in
e relati ns og the Soviet Union
'ith othr. countries:.''
The Po ish party's newspaper
2W 2/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-00Mthildbegotitgaderree'
10
Hai Leash tot P th
cant.
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
mum uveu rut metvAse_
Twentieth Congress [of the So
net communist partyl and can
energetically remove all ob-
stacles on that road."
The dismissals of M. Chtst-1
Inevsky and M. Constantinescu
In Rumania and an editorial in
Nepszabad sag, the Hungarian
Communist party newspaper,
indicated that prior notice of
the Moscow decisions had been
given other Communist parties.
The Rumanian Central Commit-
tee apparently met shortly after
the Moscow Central Committee
meeting ended on June 29. Neps-
zabadsag said the Hungarian
partY's Central Committee had
unanimously adopted a resolu-
tion of approval after bearing
, of the decisions.
Both in. Warsaw and in Prague
there was a noticeable air of
suppressed excitement today.
Newspapers with the news from
Moscow were sold out swiftly.
Most persons seemed to think
that the changes in the Soviet
leadership were an Important
beginning, but of what they did
not know.
mpg (Imo tvmrcherotagge. 756R000500130067-0
oday that Mr. !Cedar had left
udapest on vacation, Ills desti-
ation was not disclosed. Deputy
Premier Antal Apro and Sander
Hanoi, President of Parliament,
leo were on holiday.
Also close to the party leader-
hip mid it would be unrealistic
to expect any thoroughgoing
'lenges in Budapest as a con-
sequence of the Soviet move.
he Hungarian party, they main-
ained, cannot afford a relaxa-
ion until the "counter-revolu-
ionary forces" have been wiped
out and the continuance of Com-
munist rule has been assured.
Kadar's Backers Pleased
By ELIE ABEL
CF'F New York tines.
iintaliale.str, Hungary, July 4
routroa L?op .1
Radar welcomed today the.
changes in the Soviet leadership.
They predicted that the con-
solidation of Nikita S. Khrush-
chev's authority in the Kremlin
would strengthen Mr. Kadar's
:hand with the Hungarian Com-
munist party.
In a front-page editorial titled
"On the Road of the Twentieth
Congress," the Hungarian party
organ Nepszabadsag said this
morning:
"The revolution of the Cen-
tral Committee of the Soviet
Communist party also helps our
party to overcome existing and
- reviving mistakes and sectarian
methods and feelings. It is pos-
sible that at the same time cer-
tain revisionists or revisionism.
minded persons will try to use
the present resolution * ? * to
justify and strengthen their
? ? * ambitions and inclinations.
Of course one must stand up
with proper firmness against
slut phenomena,. aimed at ideo-
logical troublemaking,"
At a conference of his own
Party last week-end Mr. Kadar
had no apparent difficulty in
overcoming a challenge from the
old Stalinist wing led by Jozsef
Revel, former Minister of Cul-
ture and arch-enemy of the in-
tellectuals who sparked the
October uprising. Mr. Revel got
a. seat on the new Hungarian
Central Committee, however,
along with Imre Doget, Minister
of Agriculture, also regarded as
a Stalinist,
'Sectarian Methods' Scored
The Stalinist group obviously
as the target of Nepszahad-
sag's attack on "dogmatic mis-
takes and sectarian methods."
The so-can et revisionists, many
or whom ?fused to rejoin the
Kadar grit after the crushing
of the rm. 'ion, are the follow-
ers of Imre Tau, the National
Communist evener Premier now
in exile to Lutaania.
Mr. Kadar evidently had had
advance knowledge of the So-
viet shake-up. The action in
IMoscow took place during a Cen-
tral Committee meeting from
June 22 to 29, which also was
the last day of the Hungarian
party conference in Budapest.
JWith the Kremlin's blessing, Mr.
Kadar consolidated his grip on
the party apparatus acquiescing_
ApprevedsFanaSeasee00(
teal Committee as a token of
unity.
German Reds Voice Approval
Washington Post
JUL 5 1957
ussian Peril to U. S.
Seen Undiminished
CPYRGHT
By John M. Hightower
CPYRGHT esierttese ere
over the Stalinist bloc in Mo
"'WV-r
aw ewe
uly 4?The East cow means to 'United State
Iteff"Mir ankiallS that. Russia will rim
as declared Itself unequivocally develop with cunning and de
In support of the Kremlin action
against what was termed here termination the "soft" poliele
he "hostile group of IGeorgi M.1 toward the Outside world Whir
Malenkov, [Lazar M.] Kaga- threaten the West with gray
ovieh and Wyacheslay MI Mo-
elm" A communiqu?ssued to-
dangers.
day interpreted all the latest The whole set of Soviet poll
Soviet developments under .the Cies bundled up under the lathe
leadership of Mr. Kbrushchev as of "peaceful coexistence" h
soundly working out the policy been brought to its fullest d .
established at the Twentieth veinpment during the past lou
Congress of the Soviet Commu- years, while Khrushebev ha
met party. It added: been the foremost figure in thi
"The slanderous campaign Kremlin.
aiming Comrade Khrushehey is The policies with which h
if reality an attack on the lead-
i g role of the party and has become identified ereatt
red to the carrying out of the is op-
t
rave threats for the Unite(
v shes of the Twentieth Party States and its Western allies
caress." In sum, as analyzed by the ex
East Germany's commujust pests here, they are designed t.
strengthen Russia economicati
o Belida said they had been in-
f
nd militarily while lulling' tic( ruled about the discussions of
tie Central Committee of the
vi.et Communist party con-
cerning "inner party problems."
They were informed also that
' he group of Malenkov, Kaga-
remit% and Molotov, hostile to
t e party, had erected hindrances
t i carrying out decisions of the
Ileventieth party Congress and
Ind led an unprincipled fight
against the implementing of de-
e-stens and measures for carry-
i ig out" the program of the
party congress, their statement
encl.
Deputy Premier Walter UI-
richt, the East German party
eader, now will face the task of
lemonstrating that his course in
he last sixteen months has been
orrect.
Immediately after ,the Cone-
munist rank and file in East
lerxnany learned last year that
Yin Khrushchey had attacked
Ratite a campaign was started
igainst Herr Ulbricht. He was
lescribed as a Stalinist in his
oyalty and in his methods of
-tarty control. Thus far, how-
:yea the party chief has survived
all attacks.
Washington Post
JUL 5 1957
Red Endesesy Reacts
A' Purges
1, July 4 (INS)
., I n . I ? . &Mi..'
scheme of the Soviet Env.
ears of foreign countries abou
he Soviets' aggressive aim. I
he West relaxes, its determi
nation to make the tremendrag
effort necessary for its owr
security could malt away.
Sinister Aim
The "soft ' Khrushchey
poll-
:ies, if they e merely a ern-
al mask for Mister aims, are
he ones mos likely to produce
stronger Soviet Union and a
veaker North Atlantic alli-
ance. Conceivably they even
eceed in easing some of Rus-
la's relations with the Euro-
man satellite countries and
hereby strengthen the Comma-
ist bloc. Certainly they may
antribute to more flexible and
1
djustable relations between
iloscow and the capital of Chi-
ese communism at Peking.
Khrushchey has appeared to
any experts here to be a hard-
oiled, eminently practical man
vith the same dedication to the
'odd-wide triumph of commie
.sm as Stalin professed but
th far greater resourceful-
ess and agility in driving to-
ward that- goal.
Posen Polley
With respect to foreign poi
icy, Khrushchey has talked
down the chances of armed con
Ilia and talked up the contest
of politica; and economic forces
.between the Communist and
free worlds. However, he oeca-
sionally relapses Into a kind
or classic Kremlin attack on
e untied taiates as a tune
o world peace.
He has appeared to accept
he fact and the in;ilitations
f the nuclear stalemate be-
ween Moscow and Washington,
is conceivable that he thinks,
do some top American offl-
ials, that the stalemate can be
ranslated Into a partial dia.
mament pact. The reasoning
ehind this view is that If the
Suited States and Russia have
roduced a standoff at a high
evel of military preparation,
vhy could they not get the
sine result at tower cost all
round by' an agreement to cut
ack their arms burden?
Those policies, and others of
similar nature, constitute
runt has become known As
he "soft" Soviet line lin-
r lehrioshchey. The "hard" I
alinist line presumably called:'
or tighter reins over the satell
te countries, tougher public!
Modes toward the West, per-
aps more reckless action in
lie Middle East, perhaps more
euppressirm of the growing '
self-assertion of Poland.
N. Y. ThWYRGHT
JUL 5 13:7
WASHINGTON CALM
ON SOVIET CHANGE
Its Policy Seems to Be One
of Waiting to See What
Khrushchev Does Next I
By 3431E5 RESTON
setae to The New York tInbeit
WASHINGTON, July 4?The
bossy In East Berlin was re-
vised quickly today to fit die
velopments in Moscow.
Eight portraits of V. M.
Molotov and Georgi Malem
kov?dismissed from their
party and government posts
?were removed from the
Embassy wails.
A spokesman added that a
psbe
WantiaRarg756R000500130067-0
be located.
11
Adnhinistratio.n Was dm and
silent today despite the political
upheaval in Moscow.
Those few officials who were
here on the holiday were gen-
erally hopeful but careful about
the dismissal of the old Stalinists
in the Soviet Government. Most
of the United States Gotern-
ment leaders were away from
the capital or unavailable.
President Eisenhower was play-,
leg golf in the Blue Ridge. Sec-
retary of State Dulles was off
at his cabin on Duck island in
Lake Ontario. Christian A. Her-
ter, Acting Secretary of State,
wa.s referring all cans to the
duty officer at the Stato De-
partment:, who was home with
his family. And even the Voice
of America was merely pumping
out unofficial reactions to the
Kremlin storm,
INeeSS
CPYRGHT
Mppruveu rutrcelease zu
Change Taken In Stride :
At 6 o'clock this; evening, there'
was still no official appraisal of
the significance of the Soviet
changes from the United States.
Embassy in Moscow, and until.:
dark, when the annual fireworks
display illuminated the Mall be-
side the Washington Monument'
downtown Washington seemed
almost neglected.
This would not have happened:
:a few years ago. Lesser changeel
in the past in Moscow have?
created much more of a stir, but;
Washington is finally taking the
mysteries of Mosecw in its stride?
As to the meaning of the
Menges, State Department of ti
this handling , Soviet .affeirsj
were recalling the statement
made just a year ago today be
Gen, Nathan P. Twining, retired
Air Force chief of Staff, when
.he returned from Moscow.
"Nobody is an expert on Rus-
sia," he said. -There are only
varying degrees of ignorance."
With this in mind, nobody here
Was being very dogmatic about
what to expect? but, all wer-
pleased that the victors in Sur
Kremlin struggle were those who
had at least given lip service to.
peace, disarmament and more
freedom in the Communist etri-'
Pitt.
The general feeling was that,
as a result of his victory over
the more rigid Stalinists, Nikita
S. Khrushchev, First Secretary
of the Soviet Communist party,
would have more freedom of
action in the field of foreign
affairs,
This speculation produces
mixed feelings In. Washington.
It is reassuring in that officials
here feel that Mr. Khnish.chev
wants peace so that he can con-
solidate the vast gains of the'
Stalin era, but it is perplexing
in that Mr. Ehrushettev, even
under the restraints of the Stal-
inists, has demonstrated ton-
sideratde diplomatic skill in
administering his coexistence
policy in the last year.
New Rhrushehee Moves Effected
Though the normal procedure
after so sharp a break is for
the Soviet leaders to swing back
temporeerily to a middle peal-
lion, officials here expect Mr,
Ehruslichey to take on more
trips abroad, to make new ef-
forts to propagandize the West
and to try in various ways to
seize the initiative In the world-
wide debate over disarmament
and ending the nuclear weap-
ons tests.
Washington itself is not ex-
pected to take any new initia-
tives until events indicate more
clearly the meaning of what has
happened. There are some offi-
cials here who feel that the
troubles in both Moscow and
.Peiping are divided on the tough
.Washington policy, and there-
fore that it should, be main-
tained, while others look on it as
an invitation to a more hopeful
period of negotiation with the
strengthened fehrtzshehey.
In this situation, the likelihood
is that. the Administration will
Wat and see. It is still citylded
even on the cenditional offer tol
liZTUPFICAL0.KIMPPritOrOCIKFILI7
tests for ten months. It is hest-
that to do anything about a
general political settlement in
Europe until after the West Cern
men election Sept. 11, and the
long humid summer days are
coming on?never a time for
great, activity along the Potomac.'
Nevertheless, some officials
here feel that Mr. Khrushchey
may force the pace of negotia-
tion, and President Eisenhower
inadvertently gave him an op-
portunity to do so here this
week.
The Pteiddent said at his news
confenenee yesterday morning
that he would be glad to Invite
other nations to attend the next
United States atomic tests to
check on he progress made by
the Government in reducing the
radiation-content of this coun-
try's atomic weapons.
He also indicated that he
might be wilting to let the Rus-
sians in on the secret of how
these comparatively radiation-
free bombs could be decontimi-
nated. Both these references
caused some surprise even with-
in the Administration.
What if Mr. Ehrushchey should
say that he would like to come
here and see a demonstration
of these new deanear atomic
bombs?, some officials asked.
Would the President then not be
confronted with having to ac-
cept Mr. Khrushchev's "accept-
ance and thus open the way
for the Khrushehey visit the
Administration has always tin-
ed'
Meanwhile, Mr. Khrushchey,
and Marshal Nikolai A. Bulgardn
Soviet Premier, will be going tol
CPYRGHT
36RVaingtegbeeff0
tit/LC) 14 1951
Khrusitchrt
iGains Power
61uRited Purge
nant ana more suirounnen ve
"yes men," was the view.
The Kremlin dispute, sprang
essentially from domestic, is-
sues, according to the prevail-
ing Washington assessment
Khrushehev is rated a 'Jug
speed ahead" man, determined
to reorganiee the Soviet econo-
my aed to run roughshod over
those who say it can't be done,
or can't he done as quickly as
cnn? nnn gnel moot', Ic Hic
Czechoslovakia nest week and
that will undoubtedly occupy the
attention of State Department
officials for a time, For there
Is great interest here in the ef-
fects of the Kremlin changes oat
the East European Communist I; Than
states.
These changes are expected to
encourage the satellites to write
and act more freely then before.
The surprisingly candid state-
ment on the Presidum of the
Soviet Communist party said
that the Stalinists had been dig
:-
missed partly because they op-
posed giving more freedom MI
the other Communist countries,
and therefore, officials here ex
The Kremlin shakeup makeij
'Nikita Kbruslichey "top dog"
'in the Soviet Union but he is
not a Stalin.
This was one conclusion of,
iAmerican experts who y?eri
:day sought to unravel the:
meaning of the surprise purge
of those who have stood in the
iway of the boss of the Soviet'
Communist Party.
A price Khrushebee had to
pay for kicking Out the men
who objected to his speedup in
internal economic changes was
to give the Red Army a 'strdng-
er position?the promotion of
Soviet Defense Minister Georgi
Zhukov from candidate to full
membership on the ruling
Presidium, some experts felt,
The general disposition here
yesterday was to reject the
dea that Khrushehen had
tacked, or would reach, the
me-man ruling status of .the
ate Josef Stalin. The Army
would not permit it, these ex-
eerts felt.
The Soviet Union will com
inue to he run by a stollen
ive leadership" but with
Chruslichey much More dome,
pent that this will be taken as a,
invitation in Warsaw and else
where to test that freedom.
Thus, the feeling here is the,
a new phase ih the relations be
tween Moscow and the satellites
Is opening up, and the reactions,
particularly in Poland, Czecho-
slovakia and Yugoslavia, will be
watched here very closely.
For as Poland exercises more
freedom, trouble In Communis
East Germany is expected to In-
crease, and these two points are
still regarded in Washington as
he greatest tests of Soviet
POhey,
recent televisionappearance,
Khrusbeheir showed his con-
tempt for such ideas,
It was noted that the Mett
Khrushehev had moved up a.
'
well as those rated as his long .
time followers all held their:
posts or were promoted.. Among
them were the new economic
boss, F. R. Kinky.
The purge or 'Old Bolsite-
' acs" V M eloknee and 1..ar.atd
hblaganovieh was explained as
the dumping of men 'who rei
:tested Khrusbc hey's earrotand-,
stick efforts to improve the'
Soviet economy. On the other
' tided the dumping of Geprgi
Malenkov was explained as
getting rid of a man who had
argued that industrial goofs
should, he cut to medium more
consumer goods, a position
poles apart from the Mole:toe-
Kaganovich Into,:
The foreign policy rantiewai:
thins of the more seemed less
clear. Many aspects hazarded'
a guess, but not much more,
that it might make it. easiert
to come to terms at the Inn-,
don disarmament talks since
Xhrushehey has sounded as
tha ugh he wanted agreement.
Molotov long has viewed with
suspieio.n any form of huSiness
with the Western powers.
JUL 4 157 CPYRGHT
'Moscow Ousters Termed
Victory for 'Liberal' Policy
By HARRISON E. SALISBURY
INlislut C. nILrnacaev, net tieereta y ot the 'immet
Communist party, appears to have won a smashing victory'
for his "New Look" policies of easing tensions at home and
abroad. This was the initialiland his victorious Central tOhl
reaction of competent special- !mittee majority charged Mre
iota in Soviet affairs to the !Molotov, Mr. Kaganorich,
dramatic decisions of the Pat- Malenktov
and their supporters:
" meeting in Moscow of the with persistentpersistentawl deliberate:
Mt
party's Central Committee. ,efforts l.oSRlinitige every effort
With the Sens support of the ;It) "se internationalth
Soviet A tniy, e Communist HIThifee the hie of neviet Cln-
y apparatus and the Governs zoo; at home and destroy the
Tont bureaucracy, Mr. Kbru-
shchev has ousted from the So-
viet, ruling group a Powerful bloc
of Stalinist ohpositionists.
Mr. Kimusheliev's ability to re.
vestiges of Stalinist excesses.
The communique announcing
the expulsions contained a plat-
form of the ikhruslichev faction,
, which promised to continue
move from the party's Pre. .strieing for better international
sidium and Central Committee 'relations.
White the main force cf the
Khrushehey indictment was di-
rected against Mr. Molotey Mr.
Leaganovich and Mr. Malenkoy,
they were not. the only targets.
FIn effect Mr. Klittshchey made
:a clean sweep,
Ile also ousted Dmitri It. Step-
ney the former Pravda editor
Are of thodndictment placed , and Foreign Minister who was
such veteran party chieftains as
Vyachestav M. Molotov, Lazar
M. Kagannvich and Georgi M.
M aleuliov was testimony to the
power lie had now mustered be-
hind his leadership,
Indictment Is Stressed
Of great impel tance in inter-
ational relations was the na-
Approved For Release 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-001 RUM apOU identified with the "Young
, r Michel;
' Turk" faction of the party, Mn
cpylkimpfered For Release 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-00756R000500130067-0
iL V. Timis
JUL 4 1957
Man of Many Talents
Nikita S. Khrushchev
lslhendoit had been an alternate
member of the Presidium.
In addition, Mr. Khrushchev
demoted leading members of the
so-ralled "technicians" group.
Maxim Z. Sebum:, a state
planning official. was dropped
from the Presidium, and Mik-
hail G. Pervuklen, another lead-
ing technician, was reduced in
rank from a fell member to an
alternate member.
There were two notable facts
about the new and enlarged
party Presidium, One was the
complete predominance of Khru-
shelters supporters almost all of
them petty bureauerate. The
other was the elevation of Mar-
Heti Georgi K. Zhlikces to full
;Jtisnberhip.
While nothing was said in the
communique about the role! of , Itornth,coming?
Ute Army, it seemed beyend ; eAll% the area in which change
question that Mr. Ithruelichev
seemect to be most strongly die-
could not have embeikeil
:teted was in the continuing Sta-
on so
sweeping a cone.olldation of imist leadefailiP within tionne of
power without tlet 100 per eent
assurance of military backing.
It was probably not without
significance that the Only public
appearances made by Mr. Khru-
sheavv and by Premier Nikolai
A. Bulganin In the period when
the Central Committee was
retrying on its deliberations be-
tween Jane 22 and 29 were in
the !company of Marshal Zhukov.
It may be of eddltIonal signi-
ficance that these appearances
were all in connect on with the
visit to the Soviet Union of the
Yugoslav Minister of Defense,
;Nil Gen, Ivan Gosniale One
er the principal, indictments
brought against Mr. Molotov done within the Soviet Union.
Of transcendent importance,
gas his invidious influence upon
Soviet-Yugoslav relation:, however, is the forthcoming vfsit
to Moscow and to eastern Euro e
Khrushehev Platform Listed of Mr. Mao, The new.' line The
-
The platform upon which Mr. lished by Mr. Khrusheliev should I
iterusheliev is prepared to stand enable him now to assimilate Mr.
in connection with his action Maxes ideas that eontradietionse
careen's the following pointe: between the leaders and the led!
eieupport of the policies of the of a Communist state can andl
of state, Mao Tse-tung, in his
speech on letting a "hundred
flowers blossom" and "a hun-
dred schools of thought contend."
However, it was expected that
at the onset, at least, of the
inew IChrushchey regime caution
would probably be the watch-
word. The powerful individuals
displaced by Mr. Khrushchev are
not without friends throughout
the structure of the Soviet and
party apparatus.
it seemed certain, for eeample,
that the list of changes in the
Soviet hierarchy had not been ex-
hausted by the actions of the Cen-
tral COMmatee. Other changes
In the Council of Minlatere and,
perhaps, the various provin-
cial party aecretaryehipe may be
the satellite countries. There has.
been for example no change in
the Stalinist leadership of the
CzecIfoalovak Communist party.,
Visit to Prague Slated
Mr. Khrushchev and Marshal:
Bulganin are scheduled to Malt
Prague next week. They had,
planned to go there this week,[
but the visit was postponed, pre-1
sumably because of the Central,
Committee meeting.
The Prague visit should pro-
vide a clear clue as to whether
Mr. Khrushchev is now prepared
to deal resolutely with Stalin-
ism in the satellites as lie has
CPYRGHT
Twentieth Congress of the Com-
munist party, in particular de- For while the Ceneral Commit-
Stalinization and an end to Sea- tee firmly insisted that the party!
Must police terror. was not a "debating society,"
!Peaceful coexistence with iwas apparent that Mr. 'chop'
nations of differing political and t shehey was willing to allow more
!economic systems. Iibera interpretattons of Marxist,
elFriencIship of peoples and !dogma than his opponents on the
"all-around consolidation of So- !Stalinist side of the party.
;ialist countries"- -an apparent ]It has been many years since,
I allusion to better relations with any prominent party member st%
the satellite countries and Corn- have been demoted from the
Animist China and Yugoslavia. leading group without at the
' ?ISM ter industrial manage- same time being made the,
Arent, to which is linked the cur- target of charges for which they.
rent extensive reorganization of ultimately paid with their lives.
he Soviet industrial system, However, close examination,
'The fullest possible advance- of the language used by the
ment of agriculture. In particu- Central Committee did no mug-
ler prosecution of such in- gest that Mr. Khrusluthey was!,
rowations as the virginilands preparing a typical conspiracyil
program. ease against his old associates.
C'An ithondence of food, to Their action was described in
which is linked Mr. Kinn- terns of sharp violation of party
shrhey's :sew program for seek- flues but not of unpatriotic plot-
leo to match United States meat ting to overturn the Soviet re- !
and milk production. t gime.
cot, large-scate domestic hous- It was believed to he sigesifi-
Hug program. cant that the Central Commit-
tee communique gave unusual
flExtension of the lights ot
union republics?part of the gen- .emphasis to the persistent in-
mat program of decentialiZation
trite Mr. Kbrushthey has been
pushing.
lithe flourishing of national
do exist.
IT was a supremely confident
Nikata S. Khrushchev that
millions of Americans recently
saw on their television screens
Predicting that their granq.y.
ehildren would live undee So-
cialism, One probable reason
For Mr. Khroutichey's confi-
silence beeline! evident stealer-
' day in the Soviet politica/ tip-
set that ousted his
greatest rivals
train the Kremlin's
ruling hierarchy.
Mr. Khrushchev,
who now appears
to be by far the most power-
ful man in the Soviet Union.
Was born to a family of
Inunble circumstaaces sixty-
three years ago. His progress
through the Communist party
ranks Was steady, but never
has be moved so far and so
last as in the four years since
Stalin's death.
At the dictator's feneral, he
was merely the chairman who
introduced the three funeral
orators, Pixley he Is the pow-
erful First Secretary of the
Communist. party, while all
three oratort have been purged.
One of them, Lavrenti P. Eerie,
was executed in 1953; the two
others, Vyartieslay M. Molotov
and Georgi M. afalenkOV, Were
removed from the Conununist
aerty's Presidium yesterday.
Match for Any Diplomat
Western diplomats once
ended to dismiss Mr. Khriteh-
hey as an "amiable chatter-
Lint the squat, burly,
irtuany bald leader from the
tessian steppes described.
nee by a Briton as looking
rather like an ex-wreatier"
as shown that he is a match
i intelligence and cunning for
soy foreign diplomat, and has
more than held his own
stainst rivals from the tough
soviet political school of which
es is a graduate.
Man
in the
News
There might be said to be
iree lehrusbeheve.
eueposnyviavtiahltdosreinot
rties, chatters endlessly
_mut whatever come tomind,
id sometimes has to be
. ushed up and taken home by
g comrades of the "collective
andership." It Was this Kiley-
Whey who staggered down
We stairs Of President Tito's
celace in Belgrade in June,
55, and encountered a group
foreign correspondents.
tervention of Mr. Molotov in
Soviet foreign policy and to his
consistent opposition to Mr.
Khrushchey's efforts to improve
Soviet relations.
culture-an apparent allusion to
efforts to get Soviet writing. Art, The communique revetded
. that Me Molotov had opposed
music and other artistic aetivi
Des out of the dead-end of the normalization of Soviet-
Stalinist stereotypy. Japanese relations as well as!
%IAN-around encouragement of the widely publicized personal
the initiative of the masses?by foreign junkets of Mr. lehru-
which is meant more freedom shchev and Marshal Bulganin.
for the individual in relationship Mr. lenrushchev hes long been
In the state and state enter-
earthed as 'first. amongequals"
pi ises. within the collective party lead-
ership But the number of his
means what it seems to mean equals has diminished. Mar-
theneit _would INicatenthploWdian 44.01444
ebniMOP1/4QM,1447Cgarselit Of? 0
.
Pi centred to steer a course much only full equals, it appeared, will
closiir to the principles outlined now be Marshal Zhukov, Ams-
ter the Chinese Communist chief tas I Mikoyan and. Perhaps, the
If the Khrushchev program
-Wlieli-The'Y asked him. for Sn-
ie."dir;:hilefcr:ritnethLtvili.11;;
did not fear them end they
could have the visas they
!! &Slight
Expert on Everything
Then there is Ehrushchev
the universal expert. This I5
the man Who speechea on M-
mon every conceivable topic
from the intricacies of r11-
ing corn to the emblems ot
preventing hydrogen bomb .
warfare or building low-cost
houses--frequently are spread
over three or four full pages
of the Soviet newsPaPers.
. These speeches reveal a gift
! for earthy wit and for plain
speaking. Their effectiveness
is not simply the work of a
-Collection of ghost writers, for
foreigners who have talked
with Mr. Khrushchev have
been Impressed by his broa.d
and enceelopedie knoWledge.
: But his speeches also reveal
that he has a fanatical streak,
that he is a man who becomes;
obsessed with an idea. His ar-
dor for corn as the answer to
the Soviet Union's food prob-
lem has earned him the covert
nickname of Nikita Kokeruz-
nik (Nikita the corn man).
Finally, there is the per-
suasive lehrushchee. In this
role the party chief has gone %
lo Peiping to charm Mao Tse-
tung, traveled to Belgrade to
ask Marshal Tito's forgive-
ness, journeyed to London to
ask for more British-Sevin
trade. This tehruelichey Often
shows a gift for farthing a re-
sponsive chord. Speaking to
Burmese studeets in Rangoon
two years ago, for example,
he contrasted his own leek of
schooling until the age of 27
with the opportilnity for tele-
Winn his young audience en-
joyed.
This eoinienetion of talents
has served Mr. Khrushchev
well, Even his weaknesses new
have helped, for love or talk
is an old Russian peasant char-
acteristic that helpe to stamp
hini in his people's eyes. as one
of them.
He never tires of reminding
the Soviet people that he
started as the son of a peasant
and once worked as a plumber
in the Donets mines, And that.
he has Mirage Was demon-
strated by Ms entree)) exposing
Stalin last. February, though,
as he himself implied, that
courage did not , extend to
defying Stalin while the dic-
tator was alive.
tattle is known of his per-
sonae life. He is married and
had two sons as well as several
daughter;. One son, an airnian,
was killed rioting World War
H. The second sou, an ?net-
twee accompaoted his father
to London last year. Mut
Khrushchev onee told a for-
eigner that she was simple a
housewife; Russians who have
known her describe her as
"'sweet."
For ali his vigor and his con-
viviality, there M evidence that
the years now are catching op
with Mr. Klinistiche.e. He hes
complained often of liver
freebie that sometimes causes
him nearly intolerable pain.
BM so far ,tether bodily ail-
ments nor domestic political
enemies have succeeded in
slowing down his progress to-
ward the power that was
party IdeOlOgiet; Mikhail A.
DeeisfonS, however, will un-
doubtedly continue to be by re-
corded vote, as Mr. KM u-
shekel, explained to Turner Cat-
sledge, managing editor of The
New York Theo, in an inter-
view six weeks ago.
Mr. Khrushchev also said at
that time, speaking of unity in
the Communist movement:
"We can compare it to the
army. When a coMptiny is
marching all in step, except one
man, he slimed try to keep step
or leave the company and drop
somewhere in the tall until he
learns to march correetlye
4, cIPPROWITS=
Mr. Molotov. Mr. Kaganovich
and Mr. Malenkov mead no
tenger be tolerated in the Soviet
Communist party's close-order
CPYRGHT
lf. TIM*
Approve/M:1.9r Release 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-00756R000500130067-0
CPYRGHT
Moscow Commun? ique on Ouster of Molotov
11-
CPXRPNTjettly 3 ARitideratt
_
tistitausi by tho ,aottiet Co mm
mt prrrfly arsogyeie9 tho diN-
I gtom thr party.8 Prcaidi-
!th. of G orgj M Mokierkm), Lea-
ar 11 Kayernointh and V yache
ho) 11.16. Molotov, 03 brOadCaSt
by tko illeacow radio M-
ier -
1,esohitiort at the plenary meet-
ing of the Centraf Conimittee
of Mc Communist party of the
Soviet Union on the an
group of G. M. Malmakoc, L.
harfanevich and V. N. Mo-
lotov,
At its meetings of June 22-
29, MflT, the plenum of the
Central Conine t tee of the
Communist party of the So-
Met Union considered the
question of the anti-party
group or Alitlenkov, Nagano-
vich and Alolotov, which had
fornsed sathhin the Presidium
of he Central Committee,
Socking to change the
party's political ling this
group used anti-party frac-
Li On al InCtlincis in an at
to change the composition of
I he party's trusting bodies
sslected by the plenary meeting
of the central Committee of
the Communist party of the
Soviet Union.
Long Opposition Cited
This was not accidental. In
I he last three or four years,
hiring which the, party has
been steering A reS0fUte course
toward rectifying the errors
Anti shortcomings born of the
personality cull and waging a
successful struggle against the
revisionists of Alarxism-Lenin-
aim, both in the international
sphere and inside the country?
mars doting which the party
las done appreglable work to
acetify distortions of the
Mninist nationalities policy
sommitted in ties past, the
tiembers of Otte anti-party
re'eap, now laid bare and fully
exposed, hage been offering
sonstant opposition, direct, or
ndirect to this course sp-
srcated by the twentieth party
tongreSS,
The group attempted in g-
reet be oppose the Leninist,
solicy of peaceful rorXi steno?
setween states with different
iocissl systems, of relaxing
ternational tension and estah-
ishing friendly relations be-
.ween the U. S. S. IL arid all
he peoples of the world. They
von, against the extension of
he rights of the union reentr-
ies in the ,mhere of imanomics
euttursil development and
n the sphere of legislation and
igainst enimiloitag the role of
he local Soviets w the fulfill-
tent of these tasks.
Thereby, the anti - party
I resisted the party's
liii, course toward the inure
apid development of the econ-
any and cultui?e in the naa
issnal repubfica, a course in-
uring the further proinotion
Leninist friendship he
SU the people of our country.
Other Chargra Made
Faro from understanding the
arty's litgassur aimed at
ombating, butimuerstey and
educing the inflated state
pim ratus, the anti-party
routs oppwif them, On all
mse points, it eallie out
ghost the Leninist principle
H gelsiocratie centralism \being
.IeMe
Deed and sought to frustrate
';4004,4tArt',.
the err, lea
nffoisit
in (-LILA. 4,
ni
testect a co'
,tflLU management and the attitude, far from ealizing the
;setting up of economic corm- necessity of Making tie of
!ells in the economic areaS, ap- virgin tangs, resisted the rais-
Proved by the whole of the Mg of 35,000,000 hectares of
bar y and the people. virgin land, art enterprise
'They refused to understand which acquired Stith trentendf
That at the present stage, ous importance in the economy
when progress in Socialist in- of our country.
Artistry has assumed a. tremen-
dous scale and tOriti ntles at Opposition Charged
MO rate, the development of Comrades Malenkovi Hogan-
heavy indostry receiving pri- (With and Molotov put Up a
ei'litY, it was indispensable to stubborn resistance to the
find now, better forms of in- measures which' the Central
thistrial management such as Committee and the whole of
:Would bring out greater re- our ilaktV were eattlfing out
Serves a 1111 guarantee an even to do away with the come-
4tringohristit powerful use irt $oviet queue" of the PerstlualitY cult'
to eliminate the violations of
The g,ratip Went SO far as revolutionary law that had
to continue its struggle against been committed, and provide
the rem-pinta-at:gm of intim. such conditions as would pre-
trial management, even after chide their recurrence.
the approval of the above Whereas the workers, roller-
in the course' of the tive farmers? ous? glorious
countrywide discusalorm and youth, our engineers and tech?
the subsequent adoptlon of nicians, scientific workers,
the subsequent adoption of writers and MI out Mellor-
the law ata session of the
Wats unanimously supporte
Supreme Soy i et, d
, opposed Farm Keratin Was putting into mactiee in
the Measures Whieli the party
With regard to agricultural accordance with the decisions
of the Twentieth Party Con-
problems, the members of the gress, Whereas the entire So-
group showed lack of Under- yiet peeple had joined the
Standing of the new, pressing vigorous effort to carry those
task. They would not recog- measures into execution,
,
tlace The necesSicV CV increased whereas our country is going
Itlaterial incentives for the Hirano' a powerful rise in
ci!ulteCtillal- farm peasantry in popular activity and a froth
17ItpiillgikippiOttsPilas atglicul- surge of creative energy, the
11111.11?
, rf
Th objected to the Magi-group l.ribekrSeptoti theugnig it indletiffaeraty
The. r
Lon of the old boreaneratic
systole of planning on the CO' to this creative movement of
the masses?
tjellgiv? fnEfl11141 to the in- In the sphere of foreign poll-
'MI of 3 new sifsttlna of cy, the group, in particular
sulanning? such as would re-
lease the initiative of the cid- iChflatyl-lnrilliarterleltniecistscv'atweblanritp"-
lective farms in carryinf on. eitil in every way the tropic-
?slat nictitation of the new pressing
ritijiiitwinch !]an ustu"s' 'ir?s?? nes' measures intended tss Me in-
jtivePities, drifted so far away
: ternational tension and pro.
:from reality as to be finable mote l'ini"zal peace.
10 Forlong time Comrade
see the act nal possibility
of abolishing at the ond of this Molotov, at his capacity as
Year obligatory deliveries of Foreign Minister, far from
fsirin produce by collective taking, through the Ministry
farmers from their individual of Foreign .Affairs, measures
P12Itllte implementation of this to in prove relations between
measure, uthiell is of vital tin- the a S. S? Rand YUg?Stavitts
poitanee for the million.s of topeaLAY came nut against
the working people of the the Measures; which the Pre
U, S. S, fa? ems made possi- sidle= of the Central Cot-a-
ble by substantial progress fri
socially' owned livestock breed- mince aims canyma out to
mg at the cou"tiyo fan" and inmemse relations wilth Yugo-
by the advancement of. the Idacia.
state rams. Co wade Motet ev's erroneous
t Lack of 'frank Charged stand on the Yugoslav issue
Instead or supporting this was unanimously condemned
pressing meassu'its, the mem- by he plenary meeting of the
hers of 1 he anti-party groull Central Committee of the
oellesed it, mu carried or an party in July, I955, as md be-
entirely unwarranted struggle ine in line with. the interests
IlUllAst of the Soviet state and the
sgeorously ropporh:.d. by the Seelalist camp and not con-
collect ire Lithos, regions and forming to the principles of
repubilics, to overtake the Leninist policy.
United States hi the next few Comrade Molotov raised ob-
years in per Capita output of stades to the :conclusion of the
Inn, butter and 'numb state treaty with Austria and
Thant.the metnPers of the the improvement of relations
anti-party group demonstrated with that country which lies
an overbearing attitude to the in the :center of Europe. The
conclusion ef the Austrian
urgent, vital Interests of the
treaty was largely NALL-
broad masses of the people and
. Mental in lessening interna-
lack of faith in the enorinellS tional tension in general,
potentialities of Socialkit He was also against nom
miry in the country-wide malization of relations with
mc:isement now going on for a Japan, while that. nyroctInta-
sixtkody increase in milk anti partreU.On haspllaaxyiendg ahrlit;ripispaotriotaurrati
nntrat production, tension in the Far East, He
gt_VOtiOri;Milk1# sc#54TrgeOgginc003.967t9
a Member of the anti-party Party on the possibility of
,preventing wars in the present
ennins;ang nn igag nran;Igaan,
Group
of different. via of tans-Hien
to socialism in d fel nt coun-
tries, on the meecsity of
strengthening laminas be-
tween the Smite, pi sly and
progressive pant s a road.
Others Supps. rted Him
Comrade Motet r peatedly
opposed the So let Govern-
ment's indisim sob e new
steps in defense ,f it We and
the mecurity of na attic in
iparticadar? he di lied the ad-
visability of est flsJ ing per-
sonar contacts lettuten the
Soviet leaders ni-1 the states-
men of other cointri which
is essential for the achieve-
ment, of mUtual e Mei-standing
and better inter atiooal
On many Of ties Oast paints
Comrade Motet v's opinion
was supported iy lormade
laaganovich and Pt a number
of cases by Con rad Wen-
t-soy.
The Presidium of he Cen-
tral Coninfince net be Cen-
tral Cominince aswhole
patiently correct d 1 tem and
combated their nor , hoping
that they would drat t' proper
lessons from. the err that
they mould not p rias in them
and would fall it to seep with
the whoM of the party's /cod-
ing body, Nevelt helt se. they
maintairIC d the F7(43001'3
anti-Leninist pos Liar
? What underlies trit attitude
of Comrade Male km. Kagan-
much and Afflict?s, w ion is at
vacianee Wan , id3r line
is the certain Ifs ct t isit they
were and stilt an shadded by
old nations and inetrocia, that
they have drift:0 av ay from
the life of the pa ty rid coun-
t:Oft :friled to see the iew eon-
diners, the new sma ion, take
emmervative a titithi., Stub-
bornly cli rig to 0 mak te forms
and methods of t or] t that are
I o In in lice lug with the
interests of the sida inee to-
wards communism rejecting.
what is born of real ty itself
and is suggeste Ins the in-
terests of thts pr !ere s or So-
viet society, by the interests
of the entire Soc List camp.
Dogmatic UI w to red
Both in inter al rroblems
and in matters o for sign pol-
icy they are meta inn and dog-
matig and they use a. scho-
lastic, Mort sippriasch to Marx-
ism ? Leninism. The s fait to
realize that in th pia sent con-
ditions living 1.1 rats n-Lonin-
ihn in action am the straggle
for communism n anifsst them-
selves in the excesull n of the
decisions of Li e went:loth
party cOngreSs, I U e steady
carrying t.mt. of he 3o1icy of
peaceful coca:tote cc, sme strug-
gle for friendshi ant 'ng peo-
ples and the poll y e 'the all-
round consolidatia c the So-
eialist camp, in )ett r
indus-
ft rink maim gement , in the
struggle for the fu! est pos-
sible advancemer t of
fore, for an abun an of food,
for large-scare iolJs ng con-
strortfon, for tin cat niskin of
the rights of the unit n repub-
lics, for the firm ishi g of na-
tional colftres? for the all-
round oncottrage nen of the
initiative of the r ass s.
Seeing that thrir VIMMOUS
statements and heti ns were
constantly rebu fed in the
Presidium of the 'len rid Coma
14
CPYRGHT
matt*, which has been con-
sistently putting into practice
:he line set by the twentieth
party congress, Comrades Mo-
Mew, Kaganoviett and Malen-
inv embarked on a group
struggle against the party
leadership
Entering Into collusion on
an anti-party basis, they set
out to change the policy of
the party, to drag the party
back to the erroneous meth-
ods of leadership condemned
by the twentieth party con-
gress. They resorted to meth-
ods of intrigue and formed a
collusion against the Central
Committee.
Lenin Resolution Cited
The facts revealed at the
plenary meeting of the Cen-
tral Committee show that
moineades Matenkov, Kaganoe
'nth ard Molotov, as Well as
comrade Sheetlov, who joined
I hem, having embarked on the
path of reactionary struggle,
violated the party statutes
anti the decision of the nine-
teenth party congress on party
unity, drafted by Lenin, which
says:
."In order to effect strict
dosipline within the party and
n all Soviet work and to
iteltieve. maximum unity in
eliminating all fractionary ac-
tivity, the congress empowers
the Central Committee to
apply in cases of breach or
discipline or of a revival ete
'toleration of Itaidionary
lily; all party penalties include
ei expulsion front the party,
ad in respect of members ef
he Central Committee timer
Muction to the status of alter.
ate members, or even as art
xtreme measure, their expul-
eion front the party.
'A precondition for the ap-
itication of this extreme meas..
we to members of the Central
Committee. alternate members
of the Central Committee anti
members of the Auditing Com-
mission shall be the convening
oi a plenary meeting of the
Central Committee and all
member's of the Auditing
Commission should be invited.
If such a general meeting of
the most responsible party
leaders recognizes by a two-
thirds majority the necessity
of reducing a member of the
Central Committee, to the
atus of alternate member or
e expulsion from the party,
then this measure shall be
to t mid out immediately!'
'ries Leninist resolution
makes it obligatory for the
Central Committee and all
!piety organizations tirelessly
to consolidate party unity, it)
rebuff with determination
every evidence of reactionary
or group activity, to insure
that the work is indeed carried
nut by joint effort, that it in-
deed expresses the unity of
will and action of the van-
guard of the working class,
ilia Communist party.
The plenary meetings of the
? 'entre! Committee notes with
great satisfaction the mono-
lithic unity and solidarity of
all the members and alternate
members of the Central Com-
mittee and the members of the
Central Committee and the
members of the Central Audit-
ing Commission who have
unanimously condemned the
anti-party group.
Not a single member of the
plenum of the Central COM-
nittee supported the group.
Paced with unanimous eon-
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
2062/157MalltIA-RDP65-00756R000500130067-0
tit_ 4 1957
The New Presidium
Followirg are the members of the Presidium of the
Central Committee of the Soviet Communist party, follow-
ing the reorganization announced yesterday in Moscow:
Averky E. Aristov *Nikita S. Ithrusheliev
Nikolai I. Belyayee . eFrol R. Koehn,
theoniel I. Brezhnev Otto V. Kuusinen
*Nikolai A. Bulge= *Anastaa r. Mikoven
reekaterina A. Furtseva eNikolai M. Shverntk
Nikolai G, 'gelatin'. *Mikhail A. Busboy
'Alexei I. Kitichenk0 *Kliment V. Voroshilov
iGeorgi K. Zhukov
Alfentafe tiMIllbera of the new Presidium are:
Nuritdin A. Mukhitdinov Kirin T. Mazurov
Pete N. Pospelov Vastly P. Mzhaeanadzo
Demyan S. Korotehenke :Mikhail G. Pervukhin
Andrei R Kirlienko Yen - E. Kainberein
Alexei N. Keilygin
Those dropped from the Presidium are:
Dane M. Kriganovieh Vyanheslate M. Molotov
Georgi M, Malenkov Maxim Z. San:roe
Dropped as alternate member of the Pi Mum:
Dmitri T. Shepilov
*Retained es member of Presidium.
tPrammed from alternate member.
nemoted to alternate member..
CPYRGHT
Inc removal or tne memocra
of the group from the Central
Committee and their expulsion
iron- the party, they admitted
the existence Of a collusion
and the harmful nature of the
anti-party activities and com-
mitted themselves to comply.
ing with the party decisions.
Resolution of Meeting
Guided by the interests of
all-round consolidation of the
Leninist unity of the part-.,
the plenary meeting of Vu
Central Committee of the
party has resolved:
Me To condemn as Income
pebble with the Leninist prin.
ciptes of our party the fren
titulary activities of the ant ?
party group of Malenkos
Kaganovich and Molotov an 1
of Shepllov, who joined theme
(2) To exclude Comradel
Malenkov, Kaganovich an .
Molotov from the membershi
of the Presidium of the Con
teal Committee and from th
Centred Committee, to removi
Comrade Shepiloy from the
post of secretary to the Cen
tral Committee and to excludt
him from the alternate mem
bershlp of the Presidium of the
Central Committee and from
the membership of the Centre.
Committee.
The unanimous condemns
Hon of the reactionary activi-
ties of the anti-party group ol
Comrades Malenkov, Kagano-
vich and Molotov by the Cen-
tral Committee of the party
will serve to further consoli-
date the unity of the ranks of
our Leninist party, to consoli-
date its leadership, to promote
he struggle for the general
inc of the party.
The Central Committee of
he party calls on all COMM-
liStS to rally still more closely
round the invincible banner of
Marxism-Leninism, to bend all
heir energies to the sucxess-
ul fulfilment of the tasks of
eommunist construction.
Adopted on June 211, 1952, by
he unanimous vote of all the
Ta limes
JUL 4 1957
FIVE KEEP POSTS
IN SOVIET OUSTER
Some of New Appointees)
Though Strong Party Men,
Little Known Outside
CPYRGHT
By WILL LISSNER
shifted to otherepoets. Be be- .
came party representative to the
Navy Department, then deputy
party representative under
Marshal Bolganin when the
k avy was merged into the de-
ens e ministry.
He achieved the rank of lieu-
t. tont general, then was sent to
azalehstan as second secretary
c' the party in 1954. lie became
I rat secretary in 1955, and sil-
tmate member of the Presidium
ib
1856. He was a key figure in
t
e virgin lands campaign.
Nikolai I, Belyayev, one of
r. Khoishehev's right-hand
en in the field of politics, was
veteran party boss in the Altai
erritory In Siberia,
One alternate promoted to full
reembership Is better known in
t W United States as the lone
S Oman member of the Soviet top
1 adership. She is Mrs, Y. Ekate-
r na A. Furtseva, another Khetp
inches. protege, long prominent
Ta party propagandlet, She
Caine party boss in Moleow in
54. Her husband, Nikolai P.
I tryubin, has been Soviet Am.
'weeder to Yugoslavia.
Marshal Georgi K. Zhukov, an-
ghee alternate promoted to full
fiembership, saved Moscow for
the Soviet Union in 1941. He
had the honor of capturing
Berlin.
One of the new members of
the Presidium is Nikolai G, 1g-
natov, who was Communist
party leader in Voronezh for
many years, and later in Gorki.
Among the alternates is the
first person of Central Asiatic'
Moslem origin to reach the top
leadership, Nuritdin A. Mukhil-
dinov. He was Deputy Premier
of Uzbekistan in 19,ei, and be-
came Premier after his chief had
been denounced by Mr. 'Chen-
*lichee because the Uzbek Re-
public had failed to deliver its
quota of cotton.
Another alternate is Andrei P.
Kirilenko, one of the members
of Mr. Khruslichmes Ukrainian
one way or another with Nikita
S. tehrushenev predominate
among the members and alter-
nates of the new Presidium of
the Soviet Communist party's ,
Central Committee,
Five besides Mr. Khrusheliev
Were retained in the Presidium.
They were Marshal Nikolai A.
Bulganin, Soviet Premier; Mar-
shal Klement' Y. Voroshilov, An.
asta I. Mikoyan, Mikhail A.
Busboy and Alexei I. Kiriehenko.
One of the new Presidium
members is an individual who
played an appreciable role in the
setting of the anti-Semitic "doc-
tors plot" ei early 1053. He is
Frol R. Koziev, Leningrad Com-
munist party leader, who was
earlier named an alternate mem-
ber of the Presidium, In early
1953 an article by Mr. Kozlov
dealt with infiltration by Jewish
bourgeois nationalists in the So-
viet Union and the menace of
these elements
Averky B. Aristov, a Khru-
shchey protege, is a man of noise
tory. He had been a party sec-
retary who became a full mem-,
her of the Presidium of the pare
ty Central Committee. He lost!
both jobs on Stalin's death in
1953 and became Government,
chief in the Khabarovsk region
of the Soviet Far East.,
There he pressed Mr. Mini-
1:lichee's grain production cam-
paign and in 1955 he was re-
stored to his post as a party
secretary.
Protege of lihrushehey
L. I. Beezhnev is a Khnishehey
Protege who rose to prominence
as a Ukrainian party leader aft-
denotation of the anti-party nem Is of the Central Com- er his chief had purged the party
Activities of the group by the nittee, the or alternate members there. He became Moldavian tirtiieRgges200270rittnege, **son 5 0075 5004099,674
Ira ,( Ira t n t
no members et the Central PIP.d one or the ten
where the members of the editing Commission, with one trehtM
dentin, of the Central Coin- bstention, in the person of
cottee unanimously demanded lonerade Molotov.
15
tee secretaries.
But the day afterStalin'
pig to matthInn
One of the new alternative
members of the Presidium is
Alexei N. liesygin, considered
a typical Soviet executive. He
became commissar of textiles in
1939.. Elected to the party's Cen-
tral Committee, he became Vice.
Premier in charge of consumer
goods industries in 1940. In 1941
he was named Premier of the
Russian Republic.
Worker in Byelorusela
Kiri] T. Mazurov, a new,
alternate member of the
Presidium, is a longtime party,
worker in Byelorussia, lie had
been a member or the party
politburo there and in recent
years was party leader in Minsk.
He became Premier of the
Byelorussian Republic in July,,
1953, but left, the post to return!
to the party's first secretary-
ship three years later.
Demyan S. Korotehenko re-
turns to the Presidiurn as an
alternate. lie had been Premier,
of the Ukrainian Republic. hav-
ing been elected to that post in '
1938, In 1946, when he V.771S,
elected to the Presidium of the.
Supreme Soviet, he became Depe
uty Premier in the Ukraine.. He!
bad been a member of the party
Presidium up to Lenin's death,
but was dropped, apparently be-,
cause he was out of favor with
Beria. He received the Order of
Lenin in 1954.
Petr N. Posted" a new
alternate, is a leading Soviet
theoretician. He has been di-
rector of the bats-Engels-Lenin
Institute since 1950 and one of
the editors of Pravda, Commu-
nist party newspaper, since
1945.
Another new alternate is the
mail who directed the purge in'
Beria's home state, Soviet,
Georgia. He is Vasily P.!
Sim. ....A, -.noant
'S,'-a-
half yustzl 3.011 Communists
ro
he corgia.n party. He
th was announced in
a "S I ''t a
recentonro members of the
CPYRGHT
Atrivainer Release 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-00756R00054QJAI9EKTR Post
L'Ll 5 1957
BtW ERA m JUL4 1957 MOSCOW?
Government leaders all over the
world have put in many hours these
last two days, and will undoubtedly
put in many more, attempting to
divine the meaning of Wednesday's
sensational changes In Moscow. The
central question in these donee:a-
tions is obviously this: Do the ?,
changes in Moscow mean the open.'
fog a a new era in which the cold
war will be liquidated and the men-
ace of nuclear war removed from
humanity? A more Important .
tion could hardly be imagined.
Prime Minister Nehru Indicated
yesterday that he is hopeful that
the answer to this key question is
positive. Apparently he believes that
the removal of Molotov & Co. has
opened the road to roe/ progress
toward a more normal world. Cory
tain/y the official communique is-
sued by the Soviet Communist party
is clearly intended to encourage this
view. It can hardly be considered
less than astounding that this offi-
cial Soviet statement in effect ac-
cuses Molotov, Ea ganovich, and
Malenkov of being warmongers, men
opposed to easing intetnaticnal ten-
sion and opposed also to steps
'ressential for the achievement of
mutua/ understanding and laettr
International relations." What a
Shock this must be for ComnaimIsts
who have been taught to parrot
that only "Western imperialists9 are
against reducing international ten-
sion!
Unfortunately, however, to bade
judgments cif this sort only upon
the power or lack of power of par-
ticular personalities is really to fall
victim to the "cult of personality." ;
Such men as Khrushchev, Bulganin,
Voroshilov and Mikoyan were a's ,
much Stalinists while Stalin lived
as the men who have been ousted.
They too supported such measures
as the political attack on Yugo-
slavia in 194S, the military attack
on South Korea in 1950 and the
treacherous onslaught on the Hum.
garian people rasa November. And
it was Mr. Khrushehey, we should
remember, v:ho threatened the use
of armed force against Poland that
fateful Friday In Warsaw last Oc-
tober. On the record the men who
rule in Moscow now are as poten-
tially capable of treacherous attack
?in terms of their individual hiss'
tories?as the num now purged,
The answer to our question must
take into account the political and
economic and military realities with
which the rulers in Moscow, who-
ever they are, must grapple. It was
klaienkov who spoke out three years
L.
.0
destroy world civilization. Malen-
kov is purged, but that fact remains
true for Khrushchev as well.
discontent of the Soviet people is
a hard fact with which Mos vi
must grapple, discontent over
remaining features of the po e
state and discontent over the st te
exploitation the people live un r.
It is of the highest significance tat
the first concrete measure
flounced after this purge is the
of Government exactions from
small plots of Soviet peasants, a
group among whom lehrushchev e-
cently admitted there Is pith al
discontent,
If the present Soviet ruling gr
wishes peace, it is not beaause t AZ
group is radically different front e
group which ruled iast week, Rath r,
It would be because In its fudgm t
peace and lessened tension ser d
Its own best Interests, giving i
breathing spell In which to con I-
(late its domestic power by meeti g
some of the aspirations of its peo ? e.
Khrushchey and his new run g
clique obviously wish us to belt e
that they do want peace. But ti y
must knew that mere words, m e
shifts of personalities in their gro p
will not alone convince us. T e
means at their disposal for rea y
, convincing us on this matter are
plain to them as they are to
If there actually is a new era it
itfoscow, ft will be proved by dee s
which make possible the Eclat n
of the thorny international issu
which have aggravated the wo d
situation for many years. Until su h
deeds are forthcoming we must
self-p retection continue skeptical a
make sure that our means of s
defense are aclequate'to discoura e
survived Molotov & Co. in Kreml
any other warmongers who ha e
power,
Moscow U pheaval
CPYRGHT
o one outsme of Mos ow is likely to discern
the full meaning of the latest explosion that has
blasted three alleged Stalinist leaders and former
Foreign Minister Shepilov out of the Communist
Party's ruling presidium. Yet the moat casual
observer must see in these events a signiflcant
iaking DI the monolithic system that has prevailed
n the Soviet Union.
The explanation offered by the Kremlin itself
rough the columns of Pravda is that the party
has cracked down on malcontents who were trying
to return to Stalinism in disregard of the edicts
of the 20th Party Congress. That seems to be
consistent with the Stalinist records of former
Foreign Minister Molotov and First Deputy Ike-
ier Kaganovich, Who was Stalin's brother-in-law.
ut former Premier Malenkov, who was also
mated, is believed to have opposed the old Bel-
iheriki in recent years. In any event, the Provele
?xpianation appears to be only part of the story.
The break would not have come in this dramatic
ashion if the Kremlin had not been rent by feuds
ind basic disagreements.
No doubt the scramble for power played a large
tart in the dismissals. Nikita Khrushehev has
eized an opportunity to dispose of potential rivals
s Stalin did before him, although, presumably,
a less ruthless fashion. Yet this action is taken
the name of progressive communism. The con-
tolling faction 16 still trying 10 move, it appears,
way from the terrors of Stalinism. 'Probably the
most significant fad is that as soon as it grants
additional leeway in the pursuit of conflicting
fleas, it is faced with the dilemma of tolerating
r idening areas of dissent or resorting once more
Li repression.
In some respects, therefore, the latest purge in
Yescow may be the internal expression of the
plicy that led to the crushing of Hungary. Pre-
s !madly the now ousted officials, like the Nagy
pvernment in Hungary, went further in their
ii dependent thinking than Khrushchev and his
a iseelates in the central scats of power would
!crate.
The great unanswered question is whether the
S wiet Union can, by these uncertain swings to-
wlsrd looser controls and then back to harsh
r pression, move toward a more tolerable political
s. stem. Secretary Dulles believes that such an
e elution k possible and that American policy
sl ould be directed toward encouraging it. Cer-
tardy that is much lo be desired. But we must
n vet lose sight of the danger that a sudden blow-
UI within the Kremlin may lead to chaos within
issia as well as in her relations. to other
countries.
Approved For Release 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP06-00756R000506130067-0
CPYRGHT
Approve IF oitelsease 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-00756R000500130067-0
JUL 4 1957
CPYRGHT
Pravda Editorial and Article on Need for
Unity in the Soviet Communist Party
Smell Vita Yew York 'nava. that all ft-teeter-rail groups
WASHINGTON, July 3?Pot- immediately disbanded and in-
- ed all organizations to
us,
rtal entitled "Unshakable Unity"
and an article on party unity
that appeared today at Pravda,
Roulet CoMmantat party organ,
C? broadcast by the Moscow
radio and metered /wren
Pravda Editorial
'The entire Soviet people are
enthusiastically struggling to
Implement the great program
outlined by the Twentieth Con-
gress of the Soviet Communist
party. This program shows
the ways of solving urgent
problems of the development
of the Soviet society and for-
mulatea the main principles on
the most important problems
of the International COMI1111-
nisi and workers movement.
It clearly reaffirms the fa-
!Mous Lenin directive that the
party Can exercise ? effective
leadership only if it. correctly
expresses the will of the peo-
ple. The Twentieth Party
Congress with exceptional pro-
fundity and clarity expressed
the requirements of social de-
velopment and the thoughts
and aspirations of the working
people.
It is foe precisely this rea-
son that the Soviet, people with
unprecedented unanimity and
enthusiasm greeted the deci-
sions of the Twentieth party
congress and spared no effort
lit the struggle for their im-
plementation. In this great
struggle, the Soviet people
have still more closely rallied
round their Communist party
and its Leninist Central Coni-
snittee. in the glorious history
of our party, the Twentieth
party congress occupies a spe-
cial place; it Marks a new
stage in., the development of
our country; it caused a fresh,
mighty upsurge of the creative.
initiative and activity', of the
Communists and nonparty
members, workers, collective
farmers, intelligentsia, and all
the Soviet people.
The Soviet people, the work-
ing people of the peoples de-
mocracies", and the working
people and the oppressed of
the entire world have again
seen with their own eyes how
unshakable are the ranks of
oar Leninist party, brought
up as they are in the spirit
of faithfulness to the ideas
of communism and of unshak-
able unity of thought, will
and action..
?Monolithic lenity Seen
The monolithie unity of our
party has been built up
through years and decades;
it grew and became stronger
in the struggle against. numer-
ous enemies, This unity has !
been conditioned by the very
nature of our party, by its
philosophy of life, by its aims
and organizational principles
The great Lenin taught the
party to keep as! the apple of?
its eye the unity of its ranks
and to struggle relentlessly
against those who under vari-
ous pretexts are trying to un-
dello] Me this aunty.
ratio. y see le It: that no reac-
Lona ar speeches were made. It
Was made clear that non-
comr lance with the decielons
of Li e aongrees would bring
immediate and unqualified ex-
pulsi n from the party.
Th congress empowered the
Central Committee, in eases of
viola ion of discipline by Mem-
bers rf the Central Committee
and it eases of revival or sufs
ferare of reaction, to take
ever measure at Lee disposal
of tha party, including expe-
Mon . sem the Central Commits
tee a id the party.
Co 'plying with Lenin's di.
risen es, our party has always
suppgsscd any attempts at
shaking the unity of the party
rank, and at diverting the
parte from its correct, path,
no ratter from whom these
atteinets emanated. This was
the Lase at. tire time of the
tenth party congress; the pe-
riod af the struggle for the
count -ye industrialization and
the c illectivization of agricul-
ture, and it, was also the case
in tbs subsequent years.
P st Ousters Recalled
Wi-in it was discovered that
this Jr that member of the
party did not comply with its
decisions and allowed mistakes
In his work, the Central Com-
mittee of the party ?adopted
rheas res for the correction
of tit se mistakes. In the pe-
riod sre?ceding the twentieth
party congress, at the plenary
sessic r of the Central Commit-
tee, tie activity of a number
of p rty organizations was
subje ted to severe eretleism,
as was also the activity of
mend era of the Central V. om-
mate-% Some party workers
who I ad not justified the trust
besto red on them were ex-
clude front membership in the
Cents 4.1 Committee, ?
TM twentieth party con-
gress particularly noted that
the Central Committee upper-
tenet canto out against at-
temple a.t retreating from the
party a general line on the
prieriey development of heavy
Indus ry and also against
mid(' e in the queetion of
buildi sg socialism 'in OW
county and in some other
curre it questions.
The congress instructed the
Cents id Committee also in the
futur to strengthen in every
way he unity of the party
and t maintain the pertly of
Marx st-Leniniet theory; It
durin ? the period following
the c tigress fresh rimier sue-
ceases were achieved, this was
witne a to the feet.' that 'he
party and its Central Com-
irate were successfully ful-
fillingthe directives of the
cortex 'as.
The struggle for the liquida-
tion if the remnant of the
perso &My colt and the res-
torah n of Lenin's norms of
party and state life required
from the_ party great self-
denyl g Worts.. This struggle
as crownedw with victory and
bore itch fruit, The enemies
of ow party, the enemies of
The tett ?lac Rib social am, had calculated that
1--13111We IPT , 1767/fligeelAgRDP66-011175
teethe of the party's unity!, sonal ty mat would shake the
eC re?,,,?,e werreelem directed ranks of the party and weaken
17
- it. However the 'energies mis-
calculated, and the whole of
our multimillion party ap-
proved the measures aimed at
eliminating the personality
cult and resolutely correcting
the Mistakes of the past pe-
riod, and is now leading the
country along the path of
new victories.
Need for Telling Truth
Fulfilling the decisions of
the Twentieth Party Congress,
the party courageouely re??-
vealed shortcomings. In vari-
ous spheres of economic, state,
and party activity, discarded
obsolete conceptions, and reso-
lutely eliminated all that was
out of date and impeded ad-
vance. Criticizing the defects
In our construction, the party
bases Itself on the well-known
principle that the Communists
must not be afraid of telling
the people the truth, that the
person who is afraid of recog-
nizing mistakes and weak-
news. le not a revolutionary.
Now everybody sees the great
positive importance of the
wise Leninist policy of the
party for our successful move-
ment forward,"
The ideological, political, and
organizational unity of the
party, and ,its constantly
strengthening ties with the
masses of welting .people,
have insured a further
strengthening of the fighting
capacity of the party organi-
zations and the rising of their
leading nee in every sphere
of life of Soviet society.
Thanks to this the party has
within a short period of time,
achieved new menet'. successes
in the development of industry
and agriculte re.,
The unity of the party and
the monolithic tallying of its
ranks have made it possible to
Implement speedily the plan
for a radical reorganization of
the management of industry,
to achieve great successes in
the advancement of agrieid-
tune and to set a task of great
importance: In the next few
years to catch up with the
United States in the per capita
production of milk, meat,: and
butter.
On the whole, these measures
have been warmly approved by
our multimillion party and all
the people. Only a hopeless po-
litically blind person can fail
to see. Pie enormous progres-
sive.isemortance of these meas-
ures for a. further development
?
of the country's economy and
a rise in the material well-
being of the maeses.
Under the sign -Of the un-
shakable and constantly
etrengthening unity of its
ranks, the party has imple-
mented and is implementing
exceptionally important was--
Mee on the development of
Socialist democracy, the ex-
pansion of the rights of the
union repnblies? and the
strengthening of Socialist?
leeality,
As a result of this we have
a Irk! t her strengthening of
the moral and political unity,
of Soviet society, and the
friendship of the peoples of
tee USSR and the growth
qtglitiOgigalittiterisniltyg
of its ranks and the support
of the entire people, the party
e , t ?
itt's foreign policy and tire-
lessly fighting for strengthen-
ing peace throughout the
world and for lessening inter-
national tension.
Foreign Visits Welcomed
As One men, the Soviet peo-
ple warmly tvelcome the eci-
stilts of the visits of Our party
and Government delegations to
other countries, as well as the
results of teaks with the dele-
gations of foreign countries
bordering on our -country. In
this connection, the strength-
ening ties of our party with
the Communist party of China
and the Communist and work-
ers' parties of all peoples' de-
ritheraeies has been welcomed
with particular satisfaction.
The growing! unity of the
party ranks is undeniable
proof that the political and or-
ganizational leadership of the
Central Committee of the
party is satisfactory, that the
party is correctly solving
problems of party and state
construction, and that it is
sitillfellyr leading the country
along Lenin's path. This does
not, however, mean that one
can forget. &Met further
strengthening of the unity of
the party ranks.
As pointed out in the main
report of the party's Central
Committee to the twentieth
party congress, the ideological
and political and. organiza-
tional unity of the !party con- 1
stitute a guarantee of its in-
vincibility. No enemies and no
difficulties are to be feared by
the party if it is united. Any
task can be shouldered by it
if it comes ,out as a united
force knowing no fear in
struggle, no vacillation in the
implententation of its policy.
arid no retreat in the face of ,
difficulties.
The party statutes,agnike it
incumbent upen.every member
of the party to safeguard in
every ?way the unity of the
party, as the principal condi-
tam of its strength and
Might. This requirement con-
cerns equally both the rank-
and-file and the leadership of
the party, Leninism teaches
that the party, if it wishes to
preserve the unity of its ranks-,
roust Maitre that the standard
of discipline is the same for
all members of the party, both
the leaders and the rank-and-
The most important condi-
tion for the preservation and
strengthening of unity is the
?observance ? of Lenin's prima
iple of democratic centralism
in the party. This principle
provides for adherence to
intra-party democracy in dis-
cussing a given question and
compliance with the adopted
decisions by every Communist. I
no matter what post he oc-
cupies,
T party cannot allow a
1
division of its met,' hers into !
selected and nonseleeted ones, 1
as they are all members and ?
everyone of them has equal
rights and duties to the party.
alveryoCommunist, every So-
viet man, is proud of the fact
that in ilie period since the
twentieth party congress, the
might and p eetige of the
party have grown still further,
that the Leninist. unity of its
ranks has become stronger still,
--A " ' -? '-?
COT
CPYRGHT
\tar:Oat-Leninist theliCaa.
the Soviet society 'la-niacin the I humph of the -gaiity'smd
App drfrollaeteass2002107122 : CIA-RDP 5-00758R0130500$801167rhing
maiTir", and the preservation The hitais 44 the unity rif ebt:rt
and strengthening of the iileo- ! vievys no on; of Coutnlu- Under these renditions any
hf:inal and political and organ- }fasts ts _Marxism-Leninism lii Inisitaniat departuic from lam-
izational unity of the party its combined form and fullness. Mist principles, or infringe-
ranks constitute a guarantee ? The overcoming of ammonia dent of discipline and the
of new great victories of the berme/it and the striving to- norms or party life mould hen-
,
Commimist party and the be , ward unificiation were the In only the enemies of our
viol people, characteristic feature of our party The party demands of
? party at at.a very inception, It all its otgancations and al/
Pravda Article : grew into a unified indeormd- Communists an intensification
ent party of the working class of their political vigilance and
out of disunited Marxist groups fighting fitness and active
anti circles, struggle against all who harm
In founding the Communist its Leninist unity.
Part1I, Lenin considered the
most importnnt tient-Titian of
its eaistence and successful
struggle to be ideological tants
based on the principles of
Marxist theory, binding on all
Communists, and not. permit-
ting differences of views or
combinations Rod confuslon of
different outlooks and views.
Thine cannel be a strong, So- It tined not and cannot tder?
cialiat party, he mild, if there ate within its ranks any anli?
party groups or groupings op?
is no theolutionary theraiy
posed to its policy. The unity
which unites alt Socialists and
of political action, based on
from which they draw all.their
Leninist principles, is supreme
convictions, applying them to
I hair methods of sfiuggle and for the piaty; it is a compul-
sory essential law of its deed- ,
moalut of action.
?mutant. The party has been
Lenin considefial that idco-
and is striving for such unity
logical unity of the party was
OVercoming contrittlictious
insufftriient. It must be supple-
arising in its midst, by light-
imalted +Aril h unity of organiaa-
ing deviations fa ban the potiti-
banal principles, binding on all
cal line, wherever thslir maY
party members. Unity is im-
originate and by NI'llrit Over an
without erganinalion,
dividnala they may be support?
and organization requires lee
CLI. The party stands not for
subordination of the minority
any kind of unity but for one
? to the majority. In his hook
based on Leninist policy.
: "Cinc Step Papaart Two Steps
? Mad' he wrote that the pro- illseusaion Is Urged
lean:nal could become awl Does all this mean that the
, wmi Id inevitably become an in- Marxist Leninist party does
? tamable force only if its idea- not tolerate in its midst any
!ogled union, based on the kind of discussion and ex-
' arinciples of Marxism-Lenin- change of views? No, it does
ism, is consolidated by the not mean that The party is a
material unity of organization democratic organization, whose
and by enlisting millions of whole work is built on the
workers in the armY or the broad initiative, activity, and
valid] eharafilerizes it as an working aktaa. enterprise of party organizas
thea-a4, tea a did ant eic ae Uniform party discipline is tions and all Communists. Con-
imnaidedelv: it is the result_ equally binding on an mem- strata exchange of views and
et a historical arogiess last- bees of the party It must de- detailed, vigorous, and active
nip yeara and domdes; it grew , mania the ntifillment of obliga- discussion by the party masses
aria strengthened in bitter tiOns ay party members, not nf all major questions of the
struggle with openly hostile only by the rank and file hut life and work of the party rep-
bourgeois parties, atienshcvars, by those at the top: that is resent the moat characteristic
Trotskyite.* Buitharinites, : what al Latina:. View ronati- trait Of the party as a Yellin-
bourgeois nationalists, and lutes the essential organiaii- tory democratic organization,
many other' internal and ex- tionul prineguisite of the life, ft is only this course that on-
tern-al elements, and preoirsiation of the in- tables all the efforts of Corn-
Ignored by Lenin's principles. tegrity, of the party. minis ts to be united in a single
our party invariably crushed Lenin's grot.ept that the unshakable will and strength
all opportunists and revision- party has ono dmealine and of the party.
rrnt trends, anti-Maraist one for all comminthAs.
Durirg' the most difficult
nations. and any sort nf sena . irrespective of their position period of Its development the
ratist I ritations, bloc' or posts. has found expreasion parry submitted for discus.
groups, slit nal honed its Alight in the statute nf the party, :4-ion by the knead rirty an its
and raised lid political : Lenin aiwaya waged a resolute is the tuator quesliona of its
ant e Of its or 'mirth ion. struggle against various kinds Ponca, and this only set Cal
An Identity of Purpose or petty bourgeois and demo- to strengthen it. Freedom of
discussion, selfdaiticisin, and
The identity of as?in and ar- giladlas that ileausen the party
criticism of ahertcomings in
twa of the aim, a?nag. twat of all mortal ains, with a VinIV
tloi are combined to provide
wtmat inamaaatiato tan tit undeimining ea: unity dis,
Da_ the party with unity of at>
the eNiSLennl' if II 1', ti in', and eilf11,1,111 ainfl tilithlaTaa'at thin. To alai:11as a question,
ariniping,s in it a ranks and Rug ar;laaLa s 3.1, expreas rind hear various
rierts craitrattittLairt rxrUn- analthirt Juut devoid of pen - !yr tine v.ews
Leninism, mat idecaaigirzi nil dialed re.Ir.iint, Lenin pointed faitait'ismaii iii flonifi toesTI-rus
pr lire al prol?,?flp; is ouch. out that tin ,y led to the ab.01-
'these views in a 00311
Horned by the very nature of anninent of party principle
trig decision, mid to fulfill that
the party and its aims and and Organitr ittitnat principles 4freision honesw mat Is Is
tasks. and were taithiracur L to de- nin's understanding' of unity.
The aeldeveinent and main. struction of the party. it is precisety this principle
tenance of the dietateaslap Ilesisionista Assailed to which our party adheres In
working iflass and tlie , its activity.
The strugrtle for Meolagiaaf '
"filling of a fanwainft,l,ff purity of Marxist-Leninist the- All decisions of principle
eagy are impassible witnon, a any and the immutability of adopted by Our party in recent
Naar limited nil its news and , organizational principles, eon, .a...ici:=,ncliciiiiiitscteii;fft Ilifi?eiartitot:irtes mm
dechOonp and strong hY virtue Stitiltalg the foundation el the
:ijilanagemert of the national
of its solidarity and di:a:inane:, 'a Unite' has always her
01 "I the development of
it is not atm nothing that at Ilie center of attention of local inttiatire, the strength-
our party is called the Volun- tinnamists, Tina is partici- enine of the ntiglif of the
tare militant union of like-: tarty topical at a time when Soviet country, the raising of
inhaled communists, who have, naperialist anagram and its the material well-being of the
Melina:al ideological and Pam tdaologiats, Ham g the asnanon., soviet people, and tho
trim
Mica t views and 'dantWalla.; ist rump within the Commii- cessful of the ar ad-
imeapret the aims and tattli: nist movement and influencing mil ttansition toward commit-
ol tile party and its organiaaf; the he viii unsi-,n eh., nisol, are the fruits of col-
lierial and practiaal unit pitmeats and those insufficient/a distmssion a:Qat:easing
ire
all( act ?Ot.,t ? t organizationally, are Making
linfillitant -and struggle
The twentieth party con-
gress brilliantly displayed be-
fore the whole world the
ideological-political and organ-
intiOnal Unity el the Comma-
ni at, party and the to
quality and strength of its
rinks. The congress showed
that emi party is full of vital
strength, mighty rieati
eneray, and an aialtait deaint
ttirl insatiable Will to Process
farther along Lenin's course
otwa a the a olileventent of
its great aim the building of
coniniunisin
Fulfilling the decisions of
the twenfieth rrutAre:U:,
itivological??po!itital and
organizational wooli, eonsiat
rally and strictly maintaining
Lenin's norms of party the
and the print Mk of collective
leadership in state anti pally
affairs on the basis of alimist-
Leninist policy, developing
eritaciaid and self-criticism of
shortcominea, and eonalantly
ieviewmg the muse,
and fo.ma of its nativity, our
party has achieved still great-
er inlay and anliclarity of its
ranks and has broadened mail
strengthened its links with the
people. The Communist party
is strong' because of the ident-
ity off its striving and actions,
because of the solidarity of
the rank and file with the Cen-
tral Conunittee, and because of
its inseparable links with the
people.
Our party's strength lies in
?
the fact that it has always
ivaged a determined struggle
against theta" who infringe on
its discipline and the solidarity
of its monolithic ranks, against
those who place their gream or
scatarian intethsts above party
interests.
intense attafirs on communism. the whale Soviet Peolfde,
lied around the party in a
mighty and united collective
society,
No Dis'CitiSsion Club
But the party is not a dia-
cmasion club. It is a militant
polithati organization of the
workers and the ruling Party
in env country. It cannot per-
Tait that, under guise of free-
dom of criticism and exchange
of opinion, decisions or prin-
ciple adopi ed by ti should he
contested, rhat ideas nil ion to
its outlook Nita hostile to the
people should hi introdueed,
tic I. views hafinful to the
well-being of the Soviet peo-
ple should be spread.
In this respect env party
Mt-hotly adheren to the indica-
tions of Lenin. who as rota in
his artiele, "Freedom of Crit-
icism and Unity of Action":
"The political activity of
the party must be united. NI- 7
appeals spoiling the unity of
specific, actions are permissi-
ble at mass Meetings or at
party Meetings or in the party
press."
The party favors freedom
of discussion of alt questions
freedom of criticism and al
shortcomings. Lenin used tr
say that the party would have
disintegrated, first ideologi-
.eaily and then materially, if it
Iliad failed to wage a struggle
against peaple propagating
anti-patty views.
For defining the bounds be-
tween -patty" a nil "anti.
party," there are definite am
true criteria The statute
program direction, decisions oh
the party and the party',
whole experience of more that
fifty years. Tite policy of prim
riple is the only correct. pal
icy, Never to retreat in an)
ma I:atter from party interests a
the inimitable principle
Communists.
It i3 by that, only correct
principle that the pa et>, am
its founder, Lenin, were al
wiays guided with regard ti
anV people that disregardec
the will of the party or its in
terests and opposed its line
however great the service
and prestige of these penal
ware, and however substantia
their position.
It is known, for example
thataPlekbanov enjoyed pica
authority. Lenin highly es
teemed, and r-espected him
But after Phikhanov betrayia
the cause of the working class
departed front the most Ira
portant principle of Marxism
and sank into the mire of op
portunism, Lenin Mimeos-de
Piekhanovis past authorit,
and decisively spoke agains
him as a deviator from Marx
tint
A nether exam pie As i
known, a low. days boast
the October rising cif tali
Kamenev and Zinewyev, wh
at the time occupied ver
prominent positions in th
party, made a statement
Menshovist paper on? th
preparation of the armed rir
trig' that was being prepare .
by the Bolsheviks and on thei ?
disagreement, with this dec.
Sital. By that treacherma,
maneuver a supreme party ath
erct was revealed to th
enemies.
In his famous letter t
members of the Bolshevi
party, Lenin wrote on, tams
satiject
'"I would conaider to be
shameful net on my part if In -
cause of my previous cIo
association with these forme-
contraaes I were to hesitate t 1
condemn them, I state colt Li)
gorically that I no longer cora
:edit either of them comrades;
and that I will struggle wit
CPYRGHT
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?,^if tS$UAL, beat brriae
Central ConimIltee and at the
rongress for their expulsion
from the party?
In unity of action, Lenin
conceived the party's greatest
weapon in its struggle for So-
cialist revolution. Striving to-
ward party unity, Lenin de-
cisively brake with all who did
not submit to measures of dis-
cipline and who went against
the majority of the party and
against the Central Commit-
tee. Lenin attached cartieular
importance to the partils ex-
ecutive nucleus, its Central
Committee. He took pride in
saying that our Central Com-
mittee has developed into a
strictly centralized and high-
ly authoritative group." He
guarded it In every way from'
influences of purely , personal
nad fortuitous contingencies
and ably averted the passibil-
ity o any break in unity.
The80 Leninist traditions are
au immutable law, binding on
our party and an all Commu-
nists. For the Marxist-Lenin-
hit party, the unity of its
tanks assumed iamont impor-
tance after the victory of the
Socialist 'evolution and during
the period of building social-
ism and of gradual transition
toward communism, M Is
known, during the first years
of Soviet rule our party was
forced to wage an intensive
struggle against all kinds of
petty bourgeois trends, group-
ings and fractions that sought
to undermine the party's unity.
in March, 1921, the tenth
party Congress, in distussing
the question of party unity,
unanimously adopted a resolu-
tion drafted by Lenin that
Stressed the need for insuring
complete cbtetidence among
Communists and for concerted
work embodying the united
will of the vanguard of the
proletariat.
In order to insure strict dim
cipline within the party and in
all StiViet work, the resolution
stated, to attain the utmost
unity, and to eliminate all re-
fractorinesa the congress au-
thorizes the Ccietral Commit-
tee to employ, in the event of
infringement of discipline or
revival or tolerance of refrac-
toriness, any measures of party
punishntent, even expulsion
from the party., and with re-
gard to Central Committee
members. reduction to the
status of alternate members
and, in extreme cases, expul-
sion from the party.
The condition of the appli-
cation of such extreme meas-
ures against members of the
Central Committee, alternate
members and members of
omitting commissions must be
the convocation of a plenary
session of the Central Com-
mittee, with ? all alternate
members and members of
auditing commissions in at-
tendance. If such a general
meeting of the mord responsi-
ble leaders of the party de-
dries by a two-thirds major-
ity vote to reduce a Central
Committee member to the
status of alternate member or
expel him from the party,
imch a measure must be put
into effect immediately.
The congress dissolved all
groups which had formed un-
der one platform or ;mother
and charged all organizations
with the task of exercising
vigilance against Any manifes-
tations of refractorinees.
This Leninist resolution not by the moral-politleal unity of tee and the seventh seamen of
only helped to enish the anti- Am
APP,Maftryta antilMinthilqu klentleaTflikettilqOarMtetrattrtPeentselP
n4opyl,g. t
ing part in the subsequent life tasks and interests as those ai of the great reserves of lira
of the party, arming R in the the Party.
etstilig LU grnnte tste unity or
the partt. Backed by the prin-
ciples of Leninism, the party
crushed the Trotskyites, Butt-
harinites, bourgeon national-
ist, end other deviators who
sought to arrest the process
of building aocialism in our
country and to drag the party
back. But they broke their
heads against the Leninist
party unity.
Rena Purge Recalled
dIV iesuren agaimit the eineer
gene.: in our midsts of indivith
nal groups or indivtduals Mee
agreeing with the party line.
There are stilt in our country
people who approach questions
of internal and foreign polict
as sectarians and dogmatics,
who adopted a doctrinaire 'an-
Moo& to Marxism-Leninism.
? They cannot Understand that
in the present-day feonditions
Merxisrn-Leninism? ' is in ac-
tion and that the ? struggle for
The long and Intensive rnmmtlllI1l is manifested in
implementing the decisions of
the second. party congress.
The Sectarians and dogs
ma ties: do not understand that
the prime duty of a party
Member, a genuine Marxist,
IS At present to pursue with
determination the policy of
peaceful coexistence, to struge
gle for friendship between
peoples, to strengthen the gm
? detest camp in every way, to
Improve managernent of In.
dustry, to develop agriculture
In every way, to create an
abundance of products, to
broaden the scope of housing
construction, to broaden the
rights of union republic; tO
assume the prosperity of na-
tional culture and to develop
the initiation of the people's
masses M every way, ?
Detached from the life of
the party and country these
people are the captives of
backward ideas. They fall tO
see the new situation, thanker
conservatIviem, titubbornly
tiling to outdated forms and
methods of work and reject
what is born of experience,
that which sterna front the in-
terests of the development of
the Soviet society and the So-
elan ramp. They would like
to lead the party back to
those wrong methods of lead-
ership which were condemned
by the Twentieth Party Con.
mess. And if vigilance is re-
laxed, if such peeple are not
noticed in time if no struggle
is waged against them, if the
spreading of anti-party views
is not prevented, this can see
dimly damage the party and
its unity.
Reactionary forces hostile
to socialism. strove to take ad-
vantage of criticism of 'he
personality cult in an effort
to weaken our party and the
whole international Commu-
nist movement. These ealeue
lations, however, failed com-
pletely. The Communist party,
created and steeled by Lenin,
enjoying nation-wide devotion
and support, has inexhaustible
inner strength. It knows how
and were to direct the task.
It fears no difficulties or tests.
It is ready to surmount all ob-
stacles on the way to the
great aim.
struggle of the party culmi-
nated in the construction of
socialism in our country and
complete victory of the party
over reactionary groupings.
Through the unity achieved,
the party was able to rally the
entire gimlet people around it
for the defense of the Social*
motherland in the Great Pa-
triotic War and inflictde-
cisive defeat. on the detested
enemy.
The crushing of the desple-
able gang of the. dangerous
enemy, Berle and his bench
-
men, contributed to the
strengthening of the par,* and
the successful solution of the
tasks facing the country.
The :twentieth. party Con-
gress was a supremely impor-
tant. historic stage In the de-
velopment and atrengthening
of the party's unity, the mo-
bilization of all Its force, and
its solidarity mound the Cen-
tral Committee.
Being completely loyal to
Leninism and, prompted by the
interests' of building commu-
nism to the still greater
strengthening of Marxist-Len-
inist positions, our party de-
cisively, openly and boldly &-
pressed itself against the per-
sonality cult of Stalin and its
consequences in order to ob-
viate all possibilities of the
revival of the personality cult
In one form or another.
The party and the Central
Committee devoted great at-
tention to the realization of
measures directed at the elim-
ination of the Infringements of
revolutionary legality which
occurred in the past. It is now
clear to all how wise and cor-
rect were the measures put
into effect by the party In the
sting& to liquidate the con-
sequences a the personality
cult.
A worthy example of ad-
herence to Leninist principles,
firmness and determination in
the struggle for party unity is
displayed by the Central Com-
mittee. There are no people
in the party, nor can there be
any, who by virtue of their
high posts, could be shielded
from criticism of their mis-
takes and shortcomings. This
would be contrary to the spirit
of the Marxist-Leninist party.
The Central Committee,
boldly and ireespective of per-
sonality, subjects to discussion
and criticism any leading fig-
ures of the party and state, if
they allow mistakes to occur
In their work, and takes de-
cisive measures against any
persons if their actions and
deeds contravene the party line.
The party only gains from
this: ?
In our Socialist country
there is no soda! foundation,
nor can there be any for the
emergence within the party of
factions and trends hostile to
Leninism. The unity of the
_Cemmunist party, and of its
-leading nucleus la determined
40th Anniversary Balled
Our party is preparing ti
greet the &HOW fortieth an-
niversary of the October Rev-
olution united and monolithic,
closely rallied around its Len-
inist Central Committee. The
party directs the efforts of all
Soviet people to the struggle
for the fulfillment of the deck-
on s of the twentieth party
Congress, for a new mighty
upsurge of industrial and agri-
cultural, production, for the
further rise in the material
well-being and cultural level
of the workers, The reorgani-
zation of the management of
induatry and building, carried
out in accordance with the de.
eislons of the February plenary
session of the Central Commit.
national economy in the inter.
struggle against ail deviators, Rut it would be a profound etas of the prosperity of the
net eirmlifinnt mistake to imagine that we &Mk motherland
Of Supreme importance to
the further rise in the well
-
Mete; of the Soviet people will
, the fulfillment of the party
'task of catching up, within the
next few years, with the
United States in the per capita
production of meat, milk and
butter. The Soviet people ar-
dently support this appeal see-
ing M it a new manifestation
of the solicitude of the party
for the welfare of the people.
The strength and prestige of
the party stand at an unprece-
dented high level. Our party
has a clear-cut program a
action, drawn up by the twen-
tieth party Congress, It looks
boldly to the future. In every-
thing the party is supported
by the people, following a as
Its true and experienced guide.
This, however, In no way en-
titles us to rest on our laurels
and be complacent. It is men-
tial to maintain all our organ-
izations in a state of a high
degree of mobilization and
political vigilance, to improve
organizational and ideological
work, rear nil Communists In
the spirit of political activity.
and streggte for the general
Leniniet tine.
The task of all Communists
is to guard and etrenglhen the
unity and solidarity of the
party, its leading nucleus; al-
ways to remember that the in.
vineible strength of the Corn-
niunist party lies in the Lenie-
nt unity of in ranks.
Th
N.1. Time CPYRGHT
Approved #6kReleiza1002/07/22 CIA-RDP65-00756R000500130D671)
Ousted Russians Held Major Posts
in the Hierarchy of thi Kremlin
Yolloifirlit are btopretoOka iihortiy tifiei1Ward Trotsky
.
.
Nkatch,.'s of the ,,..i.,!! mea favokflY Was a, fugitive and Mr. Molo-
CPYRGHtfc, in Soviet leader. toy became a familiar figure on
the international scene---an im-
passive Man behind a rimless
beorgi IV!. Malenkov
Mashailianmach Nia-
Ilenhe re a Deputy Premier and
latinister of Poirot Stations in
the Soviet Union, is a pudgy
a-foot 7maili man who nearly,
but net quiet, became the ob.
solute dictator of his country and
, the Corn niunisi world.
[ All of his adult life Mr. Marren-,
;kov understudied Stalin. He par-
'mind his phrasesnwore the same
style shapeless gray cap :and sim-
ple soldiers tunic. He even
copied the dictator's mannered
He was Stalin's filing clerk,'
hatehetrann and intimate.
Stalin cherl and Mr, Malenkov
CeeliOd AS Premier. But there'
were early indications that, tin-
like
Stalin. he was not able to
oCall lot the Communist par,. y
appal ati Lavrenti P. Berta.
who had once been Mr. Makin-,
kov's supporter, was eliminated.
It was apparent that a struggle
for power was taking place,
On Feb. 8, /9b5, Mr, MalenkoV
[resigned as Soviet Premier', con-:
'Ceasing "my guilt and respon-
sibility for the unsatisfactory:
rtuatculture'' and citing "my insuffi-1
ien that. has arisen in agini
[elm eaperionee in directing
lecanonie activity.
Vyacheslav M. Molotov
,1 Early in a career of five
tIe-
eades devoted to communism
Vyactieslav Mikhailtivich Mob-
toy Was stung by a sarcastic re-
mark by the brilliant Leon ;
Trotsky,
"Very well, Comrade Trot-
sky." Mr. Molotov replied. "We I
,can't alt he geniuses- --hut we
Is:hail see who lasts longest."
I: (mos
p Z,
an cuiia.i
black worsted suit. factory.
Mr. Moroi ov bent witIi the winds
that changed Soviet policy and Dmitri T. Shepilov
he survived not. only Trotsky,
;
Dmitri Ttefimovich Shepilev, who was murdered Mexico, .
52 years old, was considered
hut many others of his Bolshevik
contem one of Mr. Krushchev's most
I poraries.OlotoV had become So- trusted aides.. He had a sharp Mr, M
- . [eye for gauging the shifting
riot :Foreign Minister in May, tides in foreign affairs so that
1939. they could be rased to Soviet ad-,
He dad not give up that post- vantage.
?don until the spring of 1919. He is a big man?by far the
Then, observers said, it was he biggest among the top Soviet
who pulled the strings of Soviet leadership. He weighs more than
foreign policy from behind the 200 pounds, measures well over
scenes. lie was hack as Foreign six feet in height, has a thick
Minister after the death of neck and deep-set eyes.
Stalin in 1953. ;i The rest of the Soviet leaders
.are small men, probably because
Lazar M. Kaganovich tit.s.liri was himself only about
Lazar Moiseyevich Kaeanovich feet
is a man of driving force, who in fact seine observers believe
though not tall, has a rugged 1
that Mr. Shepiloy was marked
frank,. -for purging when Stalin died in
Perhaps his drive and ability
were the reasons that he hats 195. At the time Mr. Shepilov.
able to Stirvive as the last Jew , ra editor of Pravda
in the Soviet Union to wield any
real power. Many of the leaders But with Stalin gone %hid
of the Soviet Union were his ,Sheptley began a rapid advance
proteges, including Nikita Si that put him in the first ranks
Klu'uslicileV dillaNihoini A,Bin' of the younger men of the Soviet
Ulmon.
Mr, Shitepilov's early party
reer was mainly concerned with'
propaganda, first, as head of the
Central Committee's Agitation[
and Propaganda Department!
and then as editor of Pravda. [
Mikhail G. Pervukhin
Mikhail Georgievich Pervukhtn,
successor to in making his first major speechl
cgszyas e ender several years;
Mr. KaganoVIch dealt with
some of the major problems Of
the Soviet Union--transport,
coal, oil and heavy industry.
He wag born in poverty In
Jsi,o in se earame linar
as a nor' wormer! in a SillOC
?
ago, made a point at ridiculingt
Americans. who said they had
seen flying saucers. :His com-
ment was, "Next they will say
set amine flyine qahice
1114
Onin theinselves.
Kaganovich had been very
.close to Stalin. In the early
I930's, when Stalin brought. him
to Moscow rrom Ehe Ukraine,
[Mr, Kaganovien readied the
;height of Ids power.
1 in the 11130's, Mr. Kagervi-
vich was often tanked as num-
'her two to Stalin and Was con.
sidered a possible
the dictator.
Mr. Pervukhin is a practical
engineer who has little sympathy
for fantasy, He believes in get-
ting- things done.
He is the son of a blacksmith:
and in 1919, before he was LM
years old, he joined the Soviet[
Communist party,
At. the age Of 18 he was an
editor of a lectil Communist
newspaper in an obscure .corner
Of the Urals and then be was
sent to school to be trained as
an electrical engineer,
Before he was n5, Mr. Per-
vii khirm become one of the,
chiefs of Soviet heavy inthistry.,
heading all of the Soviet Pima:
trice! industry and later all of
the S'eviet chemical industry,
Maxim Z. Saburov
Maxim Z. Saburov has lived'
lwith heavy industry mo.st of biR
'life and his personality shows
[ the influence,
He is one of the less colorful
of the Soviet loaders. He gives
'the appearance of a machine--
efficient, businesslike, compe-
tent.
He came from a working-
eigsa family in the Donets Basin.
At 13 at started voili as a
messenger bey, tried farming,
Worked on a railroad till) then
worked in a metallurgient plant.
was his first brush with in-
dustry,
Thereafter Mr. Saburov dis-
covered a successful formula for
getting ahead in the Soviet
Union.
JUL 4 1957
Soviet People Not Told of Shifts
Till After World Gets the News
Announcement Is First Beamed Abroad
by Moscow Radio:h-lt Covers More
Than Half of Four-Page Pravda
CPYRGHT
By MAX EMANKEL
S"ps IA to The No
ay, July .1
CPYRGHT
moscow, "rh,
he Set I op
until this morning of the shake
up in the Communist. party
hierarchy that rules them.
News of the demotion of
Cloor.gi M. Malenkev, Vyacheiday
M. Molotov and Lazar M. Kegs-
novich, was beamed to the world
by Moscow radio in a dozen
languages last evening. But Ii
was not announced here until t
Metric]; this morning,
This morning'R avda, carry-
ing, en Page 1 the Central Com-
mittee's communique detailing
the shake-up, appeared on the
streets at CO A. M. Hale the
page AT' as taken up with piertures
of the fifteen members of the
APISfekeirPtglikegaige2
arrangedIl
in
alp
oil mu and
of the four-page Ileum pel
'devoted to the nonouncemen
[and approval of it by this Moscow
:parry organization led by Miss
Furtsev
: Acute readers of the Connnt
hist party newspaper had bee
'led to expect some sweepiI1
news yesterday manning. It isn
every dat?that Pravda issues
. .
'stern call for "party unity" an
:warns that even the elosea
"friends of Lenin were discipline/
[for setting themselves agains
the interests of the Commoni.
. part y.
: That is what Pravda did yes
enlay. it said I he party 1.
taSiiSi d dr!
or cea I flat niscipillie
!leaders as well as the lank and
:file in the party.
Some readers, recognized this
for what it was ---a cue that
some leaders had overreached
themselves. The tone of Pravda's
editorial was in line with Mt.
Khroshchey's recognized policy
and hinted at past "errors" o
policies known to have been ad
vocatert in turn by Mr. Malen
kov and Mr. MolMov.
The question around Moschu
all day yesterday was, "Wha
does the editorial meant"'
Correspondents who had trio
U, explain the ma nil ficatiOn; o
the Pravda editorial subinitte
their stories yesterip y after
oon. But they were still wait
g for them to move to the out
de world last night when tl
?SCOW radio started to tell th
vol-Id in its own words.
The first. news available her
,as a report that quickly
pu-cad among foreigners of the
onitoring 4 of an Arabic-
nguage broadcast to the Middle
Asti Then. came the news of a
ussian -language announcement
mnitored in London. There was
brit of an Italian-language ae-
mint heard in Rome, and in-
ions flooded in from Paris and
Hamburg stations. But The
radios sad telegraphs here were
Finally, after midnight, the
rwiet !WW1'S agency Tass moved
an official fourteen-page an-
ft044000141 bb dne this
N. I. TunOPYRGHT
JUL 4 1957
400 Russians See Pope
VATICAN CITY, July 3 (I'M
n imirirt
attended a Papal audien in
Peter's Basilica today for the
Drat time since the Russian
Revolution of 1917. The a00
Russians WAVO part of a general
audience et about .2.000, The
Russians stood InotiOnless at
One coiner of the huge cathe-
dral when the Pope was carried
in on his gestatorial chair. The
Soviet tourists left before the
Pepe gave his apostolic blessing.
CRYRGHT
Approved For Release 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-00756R000500130067-0
it T. Times
JUL 5195?
Zludiov Viewed as No. 2 Russian,
Sharing Power With Khrushchev
By HARRISON E. SALISBURY
CPYRGHT
N. Y. Times
JUL 5195?
New Kind of Leader
Georgi Konstantinovich Zhohov
a, ?
and the Soviet Army are ex-
pected by close observers of
Soviet affairs to share power
with Nikita S. Khrushchev in
the newly-constituted Moscow
regime.
, A conviction that Marshal
Zhukov, newly deviated; to the
Presidium of the Soviet Commu-
nist party's Central, Committee,
is the No. 2 man in the new
eet-u p has been etrengtheneal by
an ermines at events preceding
the shake-tip. ,
This analyina suggests that
Marshal Zhukov and his army
11C VS MI Mtn. WiliJbU UItUVM II
was announced yesterday.
The December plenary appea
to have marked the high pot at
of the oppositionkst bid Or
power.
At that Dane, .the group on-
posed to Mr. Kltrusbehev with it
the Presidium apparently intrud-
ed Alln Molotov, Georgi M. Mtel-
enkom Later M. Kaganovich, Mr.
Pervukhln and Maxim Z. Sabi-
ne, former Mate planning, chief,
and at Meet One more Presidltrn
menthes'. This is certain since it
took a minimum of Mx of t e
associates. who played a key role .eleven votes of the Presidium 0in the ouster of the late Lavrenti
P. Beria as Soviet police chief
in June, 1953, playerl a similar
part in the defeat of the group
beaded by Vyacheslav ItMoletov.
The second most important
Soviet civilian?after Mr. Khru-
navy hiraself?an the maneuver-
ing that preceded the coup
appears to have been Anaatas I.
Mikoyan, the Soviet foreign
trade specialist. Mr. Mikoyan
may have switched sides in the
bitter infighting among the So-
viet hierarchy and thus facili-
tated Mr. Khrushthey's move
against his oppbnente.
have sought to give the impres-
sion that it was a mere "faction"
of the Soviet Communist Party
that Mr. Khrushchev ousted.
However, closer Inspection of
the changes shows that there
was the narrowest kind of a Blatt
within the ruling Presidium of
the Central Committee.
WM approval of the plan to ilan e
Mn Pervukhtn as the new Me
nomic czar.
Theoretically, the Mx-mo
antlelehrushehee majority on t e
Presidium could have removed
him at that time. With both U e
Chinese leaders and Marsh
Mary opposed to such a ram s,
however, the Molotov coaliticn
presumably was afraid to tal e
such a radical step.
This seems to have been a
fatal error for Mr. Khrushches s
opponests. The energetic par y
chief set about rallying support.
Communist China's Presal r
and Foreign Minister, Chou E
lai arrived from Peiping in la e
The Moscow announcements '
December for Visits to Moscow
and the satellite regimes. It s
probable that he assisted W.
Khruslichee and, perhaps, Mae-
shal Zhukov in rallying over t
least one of the antblehrushehry
votes within the Presidium.
By late February, at a ne v
plenary session of the Centr I
Committee, Mr. Khrushchev wags
able to overturn the results I f
the fateful December meetin
To do this he had to command
at least six of the eleven Pr -
radium votesm-presuinably tt
votes of those six Presidium
members who survived Um
considered probable that follow- shake-up announced this week.
lug the Hungarian coup last Those six were himself, Pr -
autumn Mr. Khrushchev lost ef- mier Nikolai A. Bulganin, Ma -
shal Ehmenti Y. Voroshilov, M
Mikoyan, Mikhail A. Suslose tee
party's ideological specialist, an
Memel L Kirichenko, Ukrainian
party boss and Mr. Khrushchev s
former associate In the Ukrain .
Since Messrs. Bulganin, Voro-
shilov and Kirichenko are know,
to be the most reliable sup-
porters of Mr. Khrushchev, the
only ones who might have pos-
sibly switched between Deem-
A 6-to-5 Majority
Mr. Khrtishehev, in fact, much
of the time was able to corn-
mand only a 6-to-5 majority
among the eleven voting mem-
bers of the old Presidium. R is
fective control of the PreMdium
to the collation of forces led by
Mr. Molotov.
It was reported by Polish
Communist sources that Mr.
fehrushehey had escaped ouster
as First Secretary of the Com-
munit party at the plenary ses-
sion of the Central Committee
fast December only through the
powerful intervention of Um
Chinese Communist party, led
by Mao Tse-tung. ber and February were eitham
Mr. Makeyan or Mr. Suslov.
It is also possible that by lan
February Mr. Khrushchev hal
succeeded in separating M
Pervulthin from his erstwhiM
allies. This is suggested by the
fact that Mr. Pervukhin Is the
only one of the five known ant ?
Khrushchev men who was no.
dropped from the hierarchy. H
He was forced to agree to a slipped from full membership Ls
new set-up for Soviet industry the Presidium to alternate mem
bershlp, but thre is still the ant&
room to power In the Soviet.
Union.
Maeshal Teinkov, who !at
December was only an alternate
member of the Presidium and as
such had no voting rights In the
party's ruling body, probably
also rallied to Mr. Khrushchev.
Deeptte these powerful allies,
Mr. Mintsbehey, as is now evi-
dent, suffered a humiliating re-
buff, at the December meeting,
that would have put the most
important levers of power in the
hands of Mikhail G. Pervukhin
rritE %teat shake-up in the
Soviet hierarchy has for
the first time put a profes-
sional military man on the
highest ruling body of the
Soviet Union, the Presidium
of the Communist party. For
Mershal Georgi Konstantino-
Vieh Zhukov this eleVation
must have been specially
sweet because it
fri" eficanciled with the
hi the Movmfall of the
closest eollaborm
News' tors of Stalin, the
dictator who so
long had deprived him of the
glory he had wort in World
War It.
"Eisenhower of Russia" is
the way some writers have de-
scribed the marshal's role In
the wan Certainly from the
sueeessful defense of Moscow
In early 1041 to the capture of
Berlin in 1945 It was Marshal
Zhukov who commanded gi-
gantic Soviet. armies at key
battles. "Spasiter," or SeVier,
was what be was called by
many a SeViCt man in the
street.
The reaction of Stalin,
always envious and fearful of
rivals, was to banish the mar-
shal after the war to pro-
vinc.ial pests, first in Odessa
and then in the Urals, A
legend was built up deliberate-
ly that It was Stalin who bed
planned the , victory over
Hitler in every detail.
A special film "The Fall of
'
Berlin, Was made and widely
&Lewis to "prove" Statin
military genius and to portray
Marshal Zhukov as a coward
and a military fumbler. In per-
sonal conversation with his
intimates, Stalin accused the
marshal of being a super-
stitious oaf who smelled
handsfid of dirt to divine
whether he should begin an
attack.
But Stalin's eampaign failed,
and within twenty-four hours
after the dictator's death was
announced in March, 1953, the
marshal was back in a high
Moscow post, beginning the
climb to the highest level, of
Soviet power,
A Wrestler's Shoulders
Marshal Zhukov is a squat
5 feet I inch in height, and
has broad shoulders of a
wrestler, His broad face be-
trays that he Is a descendant
of a long line of Russian
peasants. His erect posture,
his intelligent and mobile face
and his piercing blue eyes
make even a casual. acquaint-
ance soon aware that he is a
man to be reckoned with,
while his vigor of movement
and his obviously well pre-
served body make lam seem
younger than one born more
than sixty years ago, in 1896.
The marshal's slightly bowed
legs testify to his ?Heiner
cavalry background. He is still
a good rider. A good shot with
pistol or rifle, he was also a
supple daya Be La a studencof
military history, and hie fa-
vorite military Imre is re-
ported to be Hannibal.
Marshal Zinesov's military
career began two years before
the Bolshevik Revolution
when, at the age of 19, he was
drafted into the Czar's Nov-
gorod Dragoons. Be joined the
Red Army in 1.918 and the
Communlet. party in 1919,. In
the next twenty years he rose
In the officer corps, attended
.military schools in. the Soviet
m ?
Union and Germany, and ob-
served tank warfare in' Spain
during the Spanish civil war.
A Victory in Mongolia
The quality. of Ms Profee-
Monet prowesa was made dear
when he commanded a tank
array that defeated the Japan-
ese in Mongolia in 1999 at a
little-known but. important
battle on the Khalka River.
His opportunity to have this
command, as well as to rise
so rapidly in the next few
years, came in large part be-
cause most of the Soviet
Anny's. high command had
been destroyed during Stalin's
great purges of 1936-38,
President Else,nhower evalu-
ated Marshal Zhulsov's role in
World War II in these words,
"To no one man do the United
Nations (the Allies of that
war) owe a greater debt than
to Marshal Zhukov." The lat-
ter, in turn, credited President
Eisenhower with "the most
magnificent performance of
any general of the current
time."
The personal friendship be-
tween these. two generals re-
sulted in a brief exchange of
letters earlier in the post-
Stalin period, but; to date there
has been no sign that this :
friendship has had major po-
litical importance. While visit-
ing India this year Marshal
Mallow indicated that the
friendship bed cooled some-
what, at least Ince the Hun-
garian revolt.
Little is known of Mme.
Zhukov. But the marshal has
often expressed great pride in
his two daughters and in Ms
6 - year - old granddaughter,
whom he MPS to take rowing
on a lake near his country
home,
The Zhukovar older daugh-
ter, Era, is married to Tuft A.
Vasilevsky, son of the former
Soviet chief of staff, Marshal
Aleksander M. Vasilevsky.
The younger daughter, Ella,
became the wife of lChm P.
Voroshilov in July, 1955. Her
husband is a nephew of Mar-
shal Kftment Y. Voroshilov,
Soviet chief of staff.
A family picture the mar-
shat sent President Eisen-
hower several years ago was
the world's first knowledge of
whom his daughters had
married.
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N. I. haat
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L I Ji
Both the Executive and Legis-
Ousters Show Strain
in Soviet System
State Depart mentS
ays lative branches of the tutted
States Government have been
Minded about how tti deal with
Moscow and Peiping. Sonic legis-
Paters and officials have favored
nicking a major effort to reach
a abantlament agreement with
the Soviet Union and acquiescing
in an accoMmodation with the
Chinese Communists.
0,-, ,d 1.? e been opposing
By JAMES RESTON
CPYR9T(. tip New York tsars
t: NGTON, duly :3-Of-
it i it a stungton tried hard to
conceal its pleasme Over the
Ii test roacmup [o the soviet whole Conant nisi world was in
Union today hut didn't none I ferment, The have been going
attLalle(1. ' . along re:Meta Cy with the eth.
"No comment," said dames a, rent United Sates policy in the
,liacekly! tvinte Louse press see- disarmament. talks in London,
i rotary, grinning broad] ' d u. but insisting that the way to
!grin ;!Vas the ribtoirt..tan3.gbibatjel anliPl cbkl,,ej,[1,LInPlk\hteo,701,1rlimainndist laalergL17;
!significant act. hi a day devoted ?
'mainly to gleeful speculation,
was to main ain the repnomai
1 News of the official [Soviet Pitssnrc.
!announcement of the dismissal! Views of tulles Recalled
of yvartheiag, NI, grfflot,,,w aio ' Secretary o Star a Dulles. who
[his associates was brought to left for his G teat Lakes retreat
!President Eisenhower during fi. en Duck Islet d today, said only
.meeting of the National see.??eity, yesterday thrt he was opposed
.coakted to the afternoon, m'm to making oncessions to the
Chinese Cow
reports or developments were tounists, and re-
this on the ground that the
riished to the White 'louse fermi
the State Department and the
Central Intelligence Agency
'throughout the day.
Mr liagenLy turd the pressiii
.inlaafter noon that the Adminis-
I I ration had advarue indication
of the ouster, ilo noted that
!Nikita S. iiihrushodiev, First
Secretary of the Soviet Commit-
rust, party, and Marshal Nikolai
A. Bulge rein, Soviet Premier,
had recently postponed a visit to
Czechoslovakia and that an
aerial demonstration over Mos.-
row, to which Communist bloc[
leaders had teen inrited, had!
suddenly been canceled.
Beyond thal, however! he
we trill not COMMellt.
White Reads- Statement :
The State Department was
more explicit, in answer to re-!
porters' questions, Lin col n
press officer, read the following.
statement:
"It has long been known that
the Soviet system operate!. Hinder
stresses and strains. Arbitrary!
and abrupt dismissals without
pubhc discussion of the issues
are also characteristic of the
sysi eau
'The official Soviet press fins
at various times saggested there
have been disagreements rivet
!basic policies in such fields as!
[Government organizations, agrit' !
effille C. heavy industry, con-[
'sumer goods and satetlitc of
'The serious nature of the :
garded dicta. oda' COMMUniS111
in both Peipi g and Moscow as
"a. passing pi nat."
Today's devilopments in Mos-
cow, coming on top of a noisy
debate in Pei ing over ideologi-
cal questions, were expected to
strengthen th are who have con-
tended that II e thing to do War,
!to keep the censure on, not to
grow weary if the brig &Meg-
i
l itr
gle, not to n te risky concea-
. ----
M0/13 to MOSCMW or Peiping, butt
to plod along end allow the con-1
tradictions it the CoMmunisE
world to weal en both the whole!!
Communist empire,
Meanwlitle, the capital had
the greatest (lay at petit lent
speculation ince M
sliehey omen od on /he worldi
scene after II r. death of Stalin.'
The Private reports of Soviet'
experts in the Government were
:n general a teement on this
Monte:
flThe cent al part of the
Pravda cdi on ii and the clove-
.tion of Mr. Ihritslichevis per-
sonal friends La the Presidiums--
particularly his it
?Miss Yekateri a A. Furlsevassi
[Ilea tly slime( that Mr, lanitt[
thence had en lanced his power'
th the struggl .
Khru-hchev's political
nuovations a the Tweniieth[
tarty emigres in February of
[956 and the consequences ell
hose innovati us in the other'
ereOneunist pasties of the world
vete at the cc-it of the trouble
lint led to the dismissals,
flMr.lciltrush her had contend.
divergence of views is clearly ' [ dt that there 11, lit many 'toads to
shown by the number ant! tropes. [ had invited in
!
genre of the persons dismissed ithomeand a more liberal and
Ii ticnalistu' r alley for Lout-
shifted We are ruiturally fa& ? stir nisi parties abitiod and had
lowing these developments close- , ntrodueed a uneentralized *re-
ly for the effect they rnay have ! um of mann nic control
on Soviet basic policy' ' All of hose had led to[i
Jennie and Cr tieism from Mr.
Effect on E. S. Policy Seen miokreck Mk.. Rockwood! and!
I The Soviet changes have come , he other ['old Bolshevists ' who
at a critical Moe in tie develop- ' lad beet/ close to Stalin.
11These fano !Miens had de-
[rth1).11" of "tit& Statistf"eign ! !Finged 01 &SOT enl ad some Coin-
.policy and le ealleettO to have ounist parties; abroad, had
[Koine hilluenr:e on that policy, !arise(' ideclog ?ad confu.sion at
[particularly as it affects Com- : mine, and ea 1 been followed!
[manna China and the Soviet !I "V the riots in Poznan. the rise
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[and defiance of Wlanyslaw to?
In Warsaw, the emer-
gence of new Communist themes
in Communist China, and fi-
nally by the revolt in 'funerary.
1Throughout these last eight-
een months, there had been crit-
icism among the long-time col-
leagues of Stalin fir this looser
control of the political life of
the world Coaantinist movement
and decentralized plan for the
economy at home. And while
Mr. Khruslachev had encouraged
criticism, it finally, reached a
point where lie felt he had to
remove his critic,.
Some of the Soviet experts
here thought: Mr. bilituscher's
China and disarmament policies
hag something to do with the
dismissals : others were inclined
fri miaimize these as causes or
dismiss them altogether,
According to some of these n-
perts, Mr. M.alenliov was unen-
thusiastic, not only about Me
Khrushchev's emphasis on heavy
industry, but about his policy of
Rid to Communist Chinn, Ma.
Malenkovhs theme was that the
time had come 'to concentrate
more on the production of con-
sumer goods, even if that meant
being unable to help Red China.
The men here who are
paid to solve the Soviet riddle
agree that his dismissal was not
caused by any desire on his part-
to return to the hard centraliza-
tion policies of the Stalin regime.
The argument over tile Soviet
disarmament policy was this:
some of the expert.s scented to
think that this would inevitably
Lad to a lessening of tensions.
In the World and thus to greater
influence of the West among the
Soviet satellites,
According to this thesis, the
"old Bolsheviks" were fright-
ened by the evidence that a re-
laxation of centralized control
nod of tensions inevitably leads
lo opposition to Moscow both at
home and among the other Com-
munist parties. Then-dere, Mr,
}Molotov and Mr. Kaganovich
were believed to oppose Mit
Rh ruslichey polirti
The irony in this situation, a
some officials Moe s.ee it, /14
the failure of Mr, KruskiflffvTrP
downgrading of Stalin and his
decentralization policies is now
lending to his sueress in gaining
control of the Presidium, and[
adding to the irony, that it im
now driving him to assume the!
kind of personal control ilia(
he cenderimed in Stalin during
the Twentieth Party Congress,
CPYRGHT
t L Times
JUL 4 19'57
HARRIMAN DOUBTS
SATELLITE SHIFT'
..._ ........_ ......_
Warns Against Assumption
Soviet Bloc Would Adopt
1 Capitalism If Freed
..By WARREN WEAVER Jr.
sattau hi :en Nre York !man
HAMILTON, N. Y? July 3?
I Hien to-
day that captive nations veldt-.
ing against Soviet domination
'vote not necessarily interested
in adopting' the free enterprise
ayatem of the United States,
The Governor said at the
Ninth Annual Colgate Univer-
sity Conference en Foreign
Policy that it would be "a grave
mistake" for the State Depart-
meat, to assume that satellite
weregroups interested in eco-
nomic change.
' wit people See not protest-
int denim a akeite hat erenOMY."
111 litilthn declared,
hot' maclit more personat
f icedom and opportunity, And
in the satellites, of course, they
yarn first of all and above all:
Ito throw off the hated yoke of!
!Russian tile and recover nadi
!tonal independence..
[ "If they achieve these things,.
I we need have no fear, regardless!
'of the form of -economic i'mgan-1
ization they may choose. A little!
freedom inevitably leads to thel
demands for more.
NI Y. Times
JUL 4 195
Many Places in Soviet
.G4Gy Need New Names
CPYRGHT
Y. Times
JUL 5 1957
New Envoy to 'Hurry' to Soviet'
ENNA, July 4 hEt-Liewel-
bn n nIpsoft .11 mr.-R:1
f1RM.
States Ambassador to the Soviet'
Union said tonight he Was leav-
ing- Tuesday for Moscow. "I
guess I'd better hurry at the
rate things are happening there,''
added Mr. Thompson, who has
been Ambassador to Austria,
?thluitcrialc chimps; hi Soi
a lie
will probably fel-
tow e tall from le
favor of ket-
Choslav M. M01101.0V, GeOtal M
a .
sinleakov and Lazr 3,1. Raga.
Many towns, villages turd
fern' enterprises now ni e
named after the three ces-
eredifed leaders. After I he
Suahinist111111?0S, names of
Si'
phaces honoring fallen lenders
ete alred to acknowledge
w favorites.
There are nineteen Soviet
oatoft VeS that. bear Mr. Mo-
lotov's name, including that of
Itrals city with a population
53S,000. Eight downs and
es are named iii honor Of
51
to
tent
give
Nu
had
the
rik
isaraletell Me. Maim
-
comparative Itile-conter
-It honors, had 60 be von-
with having his name
-3 factories and farms,
nos of communities Mat
incited Leon Tiotalry,
y E. Zinovicv, and
A Bultha tin ktse ro
I by order of Stalin.
? CPYRGHT
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Mit T. Times thousit not in title, head of the tetwis
ICommunist party apparatus, the' Bat the Khrushehev-Molotos
mese important mingle power alliance lasted only a few weeks
mechanism in the country
Less than two weeks later it
was announced that Mr. Malen-
kov had "resigned" as a. Secre-
tary of the Central Committee.
CPYRGHT
Mt_ 4 1957
KREMLIN CHANGES
FORESEEN BY TITO
He Indicated Anti Stalinists
Would Win Power Struggle
That Dates Back to '53
By DA SCHWARTZ
President Tito of Yugoslavia
last November gave the world
itit first authoritatitve news of
the internal. Kremlin struggle
that resulted in yesterday's
major Soviet shake up. The
shake-up also appeared to vindi-
cate the confidence Marshal Tito
expressed then that the anti-
Stalinist forces would win the
contest.
Soviet organs last fall unani-
mously denied that there was
any split between Stalinists and
anti- Stalinists in the Soviet
leadership as the Yugosia.v
leader described.
But yesterday's charges that
it. atroup of the highest Soviet.
leaders had sought to sabotage
the decisions of the twentieth
Communist Party Congress of
February, 1958, appeared fully
to vindicate the accusations
made by President Tito in a
widely publicized speech at Pula
Nov. 11.
The struggle that reached its
climax yesterday in Moscow, did
not begin at the twentieth con;
gross, however, nor was it aim.-
ply between Stalinists and anti-
Stalinists. The congress was the
Thruni before which Nitrite S.
Khrushehev delivered his orig-
inally secret speech exposing
tome M Stalin's crimes. The
party meeting also adopted cer-
tain policy assumptions that re-
versed earlier policy bases ac-
cepted during Stalin's reign,
Struggles on Two Plane.
The three top figures ousted
Prom the Soviet leadership yes-
terday ell had previously suf-
fered significant demotion In re-
cent years. Georgi M. Malenkov
"resigned" as Premier of the So-
viet Union in Febeuary 1055.
Vyacheslay Ma Molotov was re-
leased from hie post as Foreign
Minister a year ago, while some
months afterward Lazar M.
Kaganoyich was released from
his post as head of the Soviett
internment committee in charge'
of setting wage policy for the
ountry.
Struggles. among Soviet lead-
ers since Stalin's death in
March, 1953, have developed on
two planes. One has been the
conflict among individuals and
cliques for personal power and
position. The other has been the
struggle among Statinat succes-
sor* on the issues posed by the
problem of reshaping the Soviet
sr stem from the frozen mold of
Stalin's teat, yenrs to new forms
corresponding more nearly with
the real requirements of a So-
viet Union educationally and
economically far advanced from
'ts relatively primitive state
when Stalin assumed power in
the Nineteen Twenties.
A tense competition for indi-
vidual power dominated the
first three months after Stalin's
death. A day after the an-
nouncement that Stalin was
dead Georgi M. Malenkov, long of the same group's meeting of
the dictator's protege, appeared ettelltlItly a return to Stalinist December. laparticular, Mr,
tpAwrifiansgigeaWslott Pervukbin was in effect deprived
to Stalin as Premier of the Sol: 'kov's "resignation heard the' "'mimic chief an a complex
Mr, Khrushchey and the nes;
Premier, Marshal Nikolai A. Bu
gamin, apparently decided tha
if the basic tensions of Seale
society were to be eased it wa.
effect, this meant be had essential that a sheep improve
surrendered control of the party merit in the Soviet Union's In-
apparatus to Mr. Khruslichey, Lernational relations take place
to became First Secretary of- Ma Molotov, though he mia
tidally in September, 1953. ;then Foreign Minister, is now
The late Layrenti P. Berta known to have opposed many o
made his drive for personal' the steps taken in the spring
power in a series of slashing 055 that: made possible the Gen
moves between March and June, !eva Conference, where Preslden
1953. He gained repudiation bie !Eisenhower and the British an
the mysterious "doctors' plot"' -French Premiers met with the,
that ad been aimed at him He 'Soviet. leaders. In particular'
demo strated the immense
powe of the secret police ap-
parat is he headed by bringing
about the Ouster of some of Mr.
Khrutcheele closest subordi-
nates.
Mr. Molotov and his supporters
opposed Mr. Khruakicheite &ea
slon to g* to Belgrade, apologize
publicly to President Tito and
to patch up Soviet-Yugoslav reJ
B rim Deposed by Rivals lations by accepting for the Sri4
vlet Union all blame for the 194
? rupture between the two coun
tries.
Major Turning Point Planned
Against the background of the
Improved international situation
of 1955, ltilr. Khrusholew planned
the twentieth Communist party
congress of February, 1956, a?
brouget in its wake a significant a major turning point in Sone
downrading of the secret po- history. He sought at this
lite a the beginning of a less meeting to consolidate his power
strain d atmosphere in Soviet' by announcing far-reaching
changes in doctrine and also by
announcing important conceal
Mons such as shortening of the
work week, higher pay for low-
paid workers, and higher pen-
sions for old persons.
more in a burning issue of Soy- Mr. Klirusinthev's aspirations
let. lift: the desire of Soviet cit- in this direction were symbolized
izens Mr a rapid improvement by his exposure of Stalin. This
in the r poor standard of living. :exposure gave him the freedom
be needed to change much in
Soviet policy that previously had
been untouchable, because its
supporters could always call on
Stalin's authority when chal-
lenged.
In particidar, Mr. Ithruslicheen
doctrinal pronouncement that
war was not inevitable 'even
though capitalist states eiristed
created the possibility of a basic
new framework for Soviet pol-
icy. Mr. Khrusheheats dictum
that the class straggle eases
when socialism is built, rather
would aye required a sharp cut- than, as Stalin had it, increasing
back in Soviet emphasis on in intensity, furnished a doe-
heavy industry and on arma- trinal basis for easing time police-
meats As the implications of state system of the Soviet Union,
this became plain to the path Mr. Lehrushchev's concessions
tally powerful leaders of heavy in February, 1956, however, soon
indusey and to the Soviet milt- boomeranged sharply. The peace-
tatty Madera opposition mounted. MI Polish revolution and the
Mr. I, hrushchew then, in late bloody Hungarian revolt last fall
1954, emerged as the champion indicated that he had blundered
of her-vy industry, won Central in his exposure of Stalin and his
Comnstthe approval for his post- enemies closed in for the kill. At
tom and thus forced Mr.
Malen oval "resignation" as
Prem r February, 1900. the
Malemcov progrem was essen-
tially abandoned for the time there was public evidence that
being. the stock of Mr. Peryukhin and
Mr. Malenkov had risen sharply.
Stain.* Tattoo Utilized ? ' ?
But 1956 also had brought Mr.
Mr, Ithrusheheves lehrusheney a major, perhaps
' then vas already in Large part decisive, victory. His virgin lands
testin ony to the Gaieties he had
ed in purging his ore Program for expanding Soviet
grain output proved a tremor-
porter .s from key ,jObs in ,the
dons success last year after the
- ignominoes failure in 1955.
Without that success Mr. Khru-
shchev might not have siirvived
politically.
A major and still unsolved myrs-
successfully in the Nineteen tory now is how Mr. Khrustichey
Twerkies !when he defeated Leeon 6 turned the tables on his foes
Trotimyt Nikolai Btikharin and early this year. That he had
turned the tables became appar-
rent at. the February Central
Committee meeting which in ef-
fect undid much of the work
Per a apparently came close
to vie Ory, but late in June, 1953,
his r vats, acting with Army
seep? t personified by Marshal
Georg h., Zhukov, deposed him.
Umtata subsequent secret trial
and e mention was accompanied
lby a widespread purge of his
I steppe ters The fall of Berta
Fran July, 1953, to January,
055, Malenkov, then Pre-
mier, and Mr. Milstein:hest en-
gaged in a covert rivalry for
power that centered more and
Mr. Malenkov seemed to take
the Ind by appearing publicly
In the summer of 1053 as the
great advocate of a rapid in-
crease in consumer goods pro-
ductio to insure a sharp Ise in
the s ndard of living 'by 1965
19 . Not to be outdistanced,
in, rustichev appeared pub-
ely ithin a few weeks as the
great architect of plans to ex-
pand Soviet fond production
rapldt r.
Gen tine implementation of the
Male tor program, however
last December's meeting of the
Communist party Central Com-
!blithe Mr. Khrushchey suffered
some damaging defeats and
tparte apparatus, whd hence from
the l'entral Cobimittee. Thus,
'two Ind a hale?Years ago it WAS
arrea y apparent he was fol-
lowing tactice Stalin had used
Mr. Khrushebey's victory in
early 1955 was wort in associa?-
ton vith the Stalinist faction,
The earthy inctuatry doctrine was
tired0;104e010756R0008:06413,373408"cief
, -
chief Stalinist Vyaelieslay M.,
decentralization of Soviet indua-
' v, lay down at the same tx-
v was decided upon,
eceinn a ha ra Stalinist harrier
CPYRGHT
Times
JUL. 4 7
SOVIET EXPECTED
TO EASE BLOC TIE
Shift in Leadership Viewed
as Move to Consolidate
the Communist Orbit
By SYDNEY HUTSON
Spettal to Tn. Ni Mk rim'.,
PRAGUra, Ezechoslovakia, July
--The changes in the Soviet
Communist party's leadership,
announced in Moscow tonight,
may have ushered in a signifi-
cant period of readjustment in
? relations between the Soviet
Union and other Communist
countries.
The changes, and the Pravda:
editorial accompanying them
were considered of such basic
Importance that people here and
in Warsaw hesitated to comment
until a more thorough Study! be-
came possible. But aitiong their
hest impressions were these:
? ithiikita S. Kik:thistle:hey had
consolidated his 'position as the
first among equals in the new
Presidium ofithe Soviet party.
Cdr. Ichrustichey was bent
Oil it deeirmined effort to nay-
row the steadily widening gip,
between the Soviet party andl
sorrel' of the other Communist
patties, particularly that of
communist China.
To Leseen Antagonism
The dismissal of Vyacheslav
M. Molotov would be bound to
.lassen the sharp antagonism be-
kween Moscow and Belgrade,
Yugoslavia, and the differences
between Moscow and Warsaw as
well. In both Belgrade and War-
saw Mr. Molotov had been con
sidered the prime architect of a,
tough policy toward parties1
straying front the Soviet line. i
The section of the Pravda edi-?
tonal concerning the failure of
"sectarian, and dogmatists"
tStaltnistal to understand the
necessity of consolidating the
Socialist camp was read here as
aimed against Mr. Molotov.
? Through the Pravda editorial
the Soviet Union was assuming
a. posture that had already been
taken up elsewhere in the COM-
thentst camp. Editorial strictures
against Stalinists on the one'
hand and revisionists ? on. the
other echoed the 'Struggle on
two fronts" adopted 25 the Po-
hair party's major ideological
lisle menthe ago.
One paragraph in Pravda par-
ticularly sounded like dozens of!
recent editorials of Trybunat
Ludo, the newspaper of the Poi-,
ish party's Central Committee.
Pravda described 'sectarians'
and dogmatists" as people "di-
vorced front life" who bevel
"backward conceptions."
"They do not see new atua-
bons," !Pravda declared. "They
stubbornly cling to obsolete
arms and methods of work and
eject that which is born by
fe. They would like to turn the
21
tont'.
UPYKUI-11
1)ittayi back to those Mearre
plifevecl FraiiRejeaee
he the Twentieth Porta C '
Frea'4,"
Thus at long MK the Rifest
mnectled that Marsha/ Tito d
been right when he sold mon s;
go
s faction-ridden, At pie tilt)
that the Sotto Maers
il
the Russians heaped abuse at
the Yugoslav leader for adverts;
rune this Ideal
I The aew. saaas of Mao
:tune., Chinese Communist lead
la no seemed to have had a ma,
jinfluence in time latest tormu
:tion of Soviet policy eithouga si
some extent in a negative vi
:Pari Vila's statement that "t
;Communist party is Mit a debr
;Mg society' appeared ta be
:direct rejection of Ma Mao's a?
couragement of discussion rind ?
'the phrase of "let a bonds ii
flowebs bloom."
Nevertheless, there are pal I
of the Secret protlattneerne
. that must fall gently on Chine
Communist ears, particularly t'
statements insisting- that Sovi !
foreign and domestie policy mu
take current circumstances in 1
account and rejeet &mole
methods anti attitudes
:although neither Moscow it
Peiping said so openly, it h
been evident that a geowg
breach was developing in the
arialysee! Of how to apply Mat
rat doctrine. In this crammed(
it is oignifMant that Mr. Khr
shehear showed a, special sem
tivity on I he question of rel
tions with Communist Cir
early last. veal.
'Talk to Poles Recalled
According a reliable report
when Mr. teheushchev was
maw in March 1956, he to
the Polish Communist Dade
tint one or Stalin's main to
oi'gn policy errarS was his In
lure to get along with Retain
This was Only a few weeks aftc
t Mr. lithrimfiehev had deliverer
his de-Stalinization Speech ii
Moscow,
He sate in at amen! that Stal
this overbearing attitude tower
He Chinese communists ha
:brought relations near to th:
;point of open brealt. It wa.
I mainly heraose of tensions' be
tween Peiping and Washingtor
that the Commenist world 'ca
;able to avoid a notireaMe rap
tare, Mr. Khrushehev told th
Poles.
The changes in Moscow ar
l Mao likely to have some effeci
ion internal politics in the Ohm
Communist states, In Patent
the opponents of Wiadyslaw Go
Mathra's program based their
arg:unienta precisely on a desir.
Is return to the old ways de-
nounced by I relate. It was
widely supposed that these Pol-
ish Stalinists took their inspira-
tion and even a good deal of
I heir statue from support ree
eery ed from some Mealbera of
I the Soviet Presidium,
t The Czechoslovak Communist
party conch tier a central emit
trattee meeting only last month
raking a firm atand On the old;
tough line. It is likely now that
he Czech, the Retrainee and
r Bulgarian parties, which all
have strongly., resisted changing
as, will feel obliged to
seine reconsidering.
As for Hungary, the situatio*
there is so involved that there
is no telling what the Moscow
changes alight mean there,
_ CPYRGHT
u441)-444,171geRcirff6.uprova from neethe
:Yugoslav Communist party.R 0 0 915. Cy. 1 i ?ILA; -0
Moscow's charge that Georgi
M. Matenkov Lazar Kaganovien,
,
Vyasheslav M. Mointov and Dmi-
tri Te iThepileni were "shackled
le, old notions and methods" and
were -stubboralti clinging to old
methods" was in full accord with
dire private laeirs of top.level
!yligoslav Communists, well-in.
;soisited soUt?ces said
: Yugoslav offierare, however,
declined any Ma:anent pending
tull study of messages from
Moscow. 11 am very surprised,"
it Goverritnent spokesmen said.
' Foreign observers zaid the re-
moval of what Yugoslaaa regard fly TILLMAN DURBIN
as the 'Old Statiaist guard" tellnli Rogf9Talle4ea.7;aYfeirkert, runes,
asj
the Soviet leadership was likely a
to lead to new efforts by Soot. I. Lem, 3.-.....,m,...
teortimmust pally chief Nikita t . chinareached the outside world
S. ladradzeltert to improve Fria. yesterday on the dismissal of
Dolls with Yugoslavia, Varaehealav af, Molotov, (Morel
Beim ade sources said thence. t It!, male/thou and Lazar Mi
Dom Moscow was undoubted), Kaganovich front the leadership
the most important event in thb of the Soviet Communtat party.
Communist world since 'Stalin' Peiping radio broadcasts mon-
kleath in 1153 and subsequen named here earrie.d only the text
Ittevelopments including lb P of the communiqu?f the Cen-
I.Twentieth Congress of the Sovie int/ Committee of the Soviet
ailmumnalst party in Fehr:Pars Party on the dismissal of 'the
191i6, and the Hungarian upris three men front the party's Con-
ting last October. trill Committee and the text of
. .
' Nikita& Ranislichere has toy the resolution condemning thelm
emerged as the strongest singh There was no expression of opin-?
deader in the Soviet Union, r114 n in any of the Peiping neves-
asinine* said. Complete newel casts.
now appeared to rest in hti Observers have noted that the
t hands after a period of three departure of Mr. Molotov and
'years of "cialective Peadership." Kaganovich from high. Comma-
The Yugoslays i?egard ati? flint positions left Mao Tse-tung,
Kluatishchey As the exponent at head of the Chinese Communist
;am age essive" developments with- party, mere than ever the senior
,in the Soviet Union, and that, among the old-guard Communist
if the Soviet party leader now revolutionaries still playing
had complete power and freedom dominant roles,
'of action, he was likely to take velPonprnsiTntstainincleosoemtion'titannhistviCehhicireta.
apeady ati tort to re.estabash
:Soviet leadership in Eastern iere cautious in analyzing the
Eurcree On a new basis, the Ittfgeaeteshgrat ite-dSiosnia?leistsat-
Sources added.
-- attune and conditions In Corn-
,
unfelt China pending some indi-
cation of the reaction in Peiping.
At was believed that the MOS-
cow changes would have no Init-
. 'JUL 0 lie ; mediate major consequences lin
China, Insofar, however, as
the
Moscow shifts reflect weak-
-
noises Inherent in the dictatorial
oin. 5 No
PEIPING IS SILENT
ON SOVIET SHIFT
Makes No Comment for the
Outside World?Broadcasts
Moscow Communiques
TITO AIDES TO SOVIET 'Soviet Communist system, the
' Two Vice Premiers Plan Vis t
: changes were regarded as a por-
tent of what could happen in
Described as Holiday ; the dictatorial Chinese Conuno-
_
I
' Mat system.
? piirpeastwrs, Yugoslavia Jul ? Dissension. hi Peiping
'4 latatithbar.-'-.?Da Ciliated rata.:
The Moscow dismissals came
a a time when dissension within
Il r ranks of the Peiping Gav-
e, meat. was receiving consider-
a It attention at sessions of the
N ? Donal Peoples congress, Corn-
rust China's rubber-stamp
aresentative body, now being
lo ,d In the capital of mainland
C ina.
(eiders of the minor parties
t
it the Communists have per-
in tied to hold office in tile Per.
pf g regime are under heavy
p astute for having attacked the
G. wianntent during the last few
w eke. Pr, La Lung-chi, Chang
ehun and Chang Nal-chi, all
le dere of the Democratic
ague, are the main targets of
th pressure.
Teem broadeasts from Peiping
to Lehi said that Prof. LI Ta?
? sident of 'Wuhan University,
had charged that Mr. Chang and
Dr. Lo had a plan to organize al
party of "several million Intel-
lectual* to struggle for leader-
ship in China." Peofeseor Lt
spoke before a meeting of the
CFArpOrtInty Satisfied" Peonies Congress and seemed to
Pant-My ciPiaeldre Poitsh imply that Mr. Cluing and Dr.
tee/at...alee a atK ought to take power from
that it Was "very satisfied" anah the ommuntet party.
the .onsting of the Soviet Mad- Chang, the Minister of
rs Cot municatioas. and Dr. In
lt la highly unusual for an Mir stet of the Timber Industry,
obassy to take the initiative in are both vice-chairmen of the
rob a cage it Vas stated Det oc retie League. Mr. Chang
eDKA41The'rifidOlit one'
Yugoslav vice premiers, will g
to the Soviet Union shortly o
a holiday, usually rehab]
sources said today.
Observers said it was virtuall
certain the two aides of Marshr
'Tito would meet Nikita S. Khru
shehev, Soviet Conunumst part:
chief, for a general discussion o
the Itrentlin shake-tip and So
alert-Yawata relations.
The visit was expected to lot
low jourtteys to Western Ger
many and Scandinavia, Meer
Kanirej and AL Rankin).
will start within a week.
The sources said the officials
had planned the holiday trip
some time ago. But observers
said it appeared probable that
the Russian visit had been in-
cluded at the last. minute.
, Yugoslaa* Surprked ,
cwRGHT, Yugoslavia, July
3 tReutersi-- The Sot-let Cm ;
In1111 as L pal tv A Orairlatie Eiglitps-
awls came as a bombshell to
I aear:Dv oflir-'isls tonight but
N. Y* Time
JUL 4 "tqc:'
CPYRGHT
party (CoMmunlet) domination
of the Goa eminent, while Dr. Lo,t
a Columbia Irniverfatait graduate;
charged that some persons had
a0en unjustly condemned in
a2ornmunist campaigns against
' Mounter- revolutionat les."
; Attune of Red Policy Charged
I
Professor Li called Mr. Chang
rad Dr. Lo "leading lights
imorig, the Rightists" and said
hey were "now attacking all
eommunist theory and policy as
?gam." The University pins-
lent stated that the two non-
! lommuniet leaders amed the
eilif idly-proclaimed "free eon-
ent on" policy of the Commie
I ist leadership as a cover under
.hi h to incite dissatisfaction
Imecrig intellectuals, create dis-
t artannees, acof I at the successes
gefe t. e Conneanist party and ex-
rate every little fault.
Piefessor LI said Mr. Chang'
gent Jr. Lo demanded a coalition
C /Innate/at and a eapitatist
s In-
ca of Socialist type of
et,
H charged the two teen With
wide !mining Chinese - Soviet
f ler-labia and Nnat they merit
I so tewspapers, the Kwangming)
r ail News in Peiping and the)
1 'en Itui Pao Of Shanghai to
fnil er their campaign.
'Pr &sant Li said Mr. Chang.
and Br, Lo were now isolated be-
e us the workers and peasants)
a irt the pro-Socialist students
" tad spoken out."
A ong article yesterday in the.
Pimp es Daily, the leading Corm:
rromat party organ, described al
s ems. meeting of university pro-,
faeibra called early last month in
Petineag by Chang Pa-chtirb The;
A tic e, whose text was received)
In re n a Peiping newscast nista
:a et said that Dr, Fel Shiao-I
ng a 'Denature 'University pro-,
tease , described bitter discontent
acre g students in China's uni-t
? rsl tea and called the situation;
? "met maim.'
Pe 'sing has not indicated how,
m ich longer the controversy overi
( hang, Da La and the none!
mann masts In the Peiping Gov-)
maim at who have attacked thet
C rut waist regime is likely Or
g 0 . An the critics have ex-.
plain a themselves in appear-
am cee before their party groups,
mil: recantations and ex-.
piano tone are said tn lame beep
cutest( ered unsatisfactary by their'
pr it. colleagues,
tad catiene tuna (Ann in In rust ( .
Sc ire s as to what set lea will be.
Maim against the Government's)
! er tic hare been unclear. The
Pp es Pally Mrs said they
: av adc nor be punished end that
I it vii add enCugli beam!
them as Rightista, The paper
melee howecee? that "bourgenis
t mai anctIonary" tonics had
;be in elaborately 'left unchecked
n der to let the masses lin-
de stagd how dangerous they
me- lard participate in their tot:at
eli metal hurt
, ram London paper Edith "Vt
;or an zed a leap to catch air
I th se who were plan-hug to
rp power.-
he Mee Chou Emlat stated in
, his lot g speech opening the Pee-I
'pies Cangresa last week" that rift
Inn in nor party leaders persisted:
lin cri 'tiling the regime, they
;Trii rht be classed air 'enemies of
thi people."
Approved For Release 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-0C7.
CPYRGHT
Approved For Release 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-00756R000500130067-0
L Times CPYRGHT
JUL 4 197
EUROPE EXPECTS
SOVIET PEACE Bit
New Kremlin Approach to
East-West Talks Held
Likely by Some Capitals
AMCW to DUI gn York Tenn
LONDON, jut- 3 --- Ntkiti
his position by eliminating thi
three most prominent member:
of Stalin's old guard from tlu
highest, level of government it
the soviet Union,
To this view of today's event:
In Moscow, qualified Britist
sources added the comment thal
Mr. Khnishchev, the most vont
tile opponent of the "cult of per.
sonality" established by Stalin
heel now enhanced his own per,
board position.
The effect of the action 'Tor
Soviet policy may in time be
reflected in a superficially mon
liberal attitude toward both the
Western democracies and the
Soviet satellites, these sources
said,
The Central Committee's state-
ment belabored Vyacheslav M.
Molotov, former Foreign Minis-
ter for his narrow-minded oppo-
sition to Mr. Khrushchey's policy
of coexistence and relaxation of
international tension. But the
British sources warned that the
Soviet rulers "interpretation of
these slogans probably would re-
main far different from that of
the West.
Appeal to West Seen
It, was auggested that Mr.
Ithrushebev, having rid himself
of the most powerful holdovers
Ira the Stalinist regime, would
now appeal to the West as a rep-
resentative of a united party and
government bent on the peaceful
settlement. of outstanding differ-
ences, both in the field of potit-
teal issues and in disarmament.
Although this "reformist"
front may be false, those who
etudy Soviet policy here in?
cheated that it could present real
problems to the leYestern powers.
There already exists In West_
ern Europe, British sources said,
a strong tendency to believe.
that the Soviet Union means no
harm, that: rearmament. with ail
s financial burdens under
NATO can be abandoned and
that: equitable settlement, of
issues, such as German reunifi-
cation, can be negotiated with
the Seviet Union,
Diplomats Expect Bid
Among professional diplomatol
there was an expectation that;
Mr. Khrushchev would ask for.
Another heads - of - government :
- ? meeting, preferably with Presi- I
dent Eisenhower alone, but, ir
this proved impossible, with the
President, Prime Minister Mace
mann of Britain and Premier
Maurice Bourges-Manoury of
France. '
One aped of Mr. Khru-
shchev's action that, surprised
the British sources, was that
Lazar M. Kaganovidt and ,Mr.
Molotov, long considered to he
supnorters of the Stalinist
matey in both foreign affairs and
internal policy, apparently had
rinds, common cause with former
Premier Georgi M. Malenkov and
Dmitri T. Shepilov, who have
been thought peek's radillerS.
tateppwiee ineferteNASEn
erther by their general opposi-
tion to Mr. Khrushehey's
Wi1i1d. The breaking point
may have been the plan put for-
ward recently by Mr. Khrush-
they for dispersing control of
Soviet industry.
This plan involved disbanding
of many of the central industrial
ministries and establishment of
regional economic councils.
Soviet newspapers, although
they recognized its completion,
have spent more time attacking
opponents of the plan than
glorifying its results.
There have been recent attacks
against "snivellers and skeptics"
e Soviet press. Crilieism of
tho e who have "lost their links
wit life" also point to the sharp-,
nes of the debate within thea'
par 3,.
Paris llolds Rigidity la Dane
sp In The New Yak TIMPI
CPYRGHT
Experts on tornmunithn here
felt that Mr. Ithrusischey
achieved his victory.' only with
help of the Soviet army. Mar-
shal Georgi K. Zhithov's inclu-
sion in the Presidium of the
Soviet Communist Central Com-
mittee, act:ogling to these oh-,
servers, is (?.' sign of the prom-
inence acethirded by Mr. Khan-
shehett to the military.
II alien diplomats predicted
another' vigorous Soviet cam-
paign for top level blast-West
talks' It was suggested that
Martha! Zhilkov might this
Rine be in foreground of such
a :peace offensive. The ouster of
Mr. Shepilov, in particular, WAS
interpreted here as a blow to
President Gamal Abdel Nasser
of Egypt. It was thought here
that Mr. Shepilov had been be-
.
PARateIS, July 3- -The changns N. T. Timss
JUL 5 lYil CPYRGHT
hind much of the recent troub e
in the Middle East,
The Italian Communist party,!
the largest red organization I
west of the Iron Curtain, ap-
peared to be in a state of'
confusion tonight. Some Com-? I
monists said privately they ye-
joked that the "peace course;
;had won in Moscow.
Today's development also
I caused a flurry of activity M
the Vatican. Pape Pius XII
asked his top aides in the Vag-
can's Secretariat of State to,
submit the latest reports M the
Soviet situation.
In he Soviet leadership were
trite-Meted here as an attempt
to 'rad the rigidity of Soviet
doe rine that had contfibuted
to Moscow's isolatiOn in the
wor J.
P rsonal rivalries also were
coniderecl a factor by experts
hen who recalled the opposition
betveen Nikita S. Khrushehey,
and former Premier Georgi M.
Matinkov.
T e news iWas a sensation to
thot e permute Who follow Soviet From Revolutionary Era
aft is. There was a feeling
NEHRU SEES SHIFT
IN SOVIET NORMAL
Indian Leader Sees Changes
as Result of Long Process
;of expectancy about possible
echanges in Soviet foreign :polic
-las a( result. Ayachealav M
Mo ofov, Thnitti T, Shepilov, an
,La.aar M. Kaganovitch are ro
sidi red members of the "o
guise that, because of it
doc Final rigidity, had dif
fiedty in adapting itself ti
chimed economic and politica
cardigans.
, late charge against Mr,. Mole,
:toy that he had hindered th
Ibetaerment of relations betweel
the Soviet Union and Japan
Austria and Yugoslavia wa
not d with interest. but the goes
tior was asked why Moscow liar
war ed until now to try to inn
pro re these relations.
was felt that Moscow nos;
des "ed to go even farther ant
imrove relations with the Wes
by at least restoring their
o what they were before
the Hungarian revolt. Mr. Khrte
she ev and Premier Nikolai A
But anin were believed to be
des i anis to break out of the dip-
!on Ale isolation in which the
brutal represelon of that revolt
had placed them. Thiel isolatior
bad threatened to continue and
evet he increased by the con-
dentatory report of the United
Na.t ons Commission on Hungary
A mther factor in the change
was believed to be the diver-
gem-es :between the Soviet Union
and Communist China over the
therary and practice of Comma-
nisn . It was thought that. MOS-
COW did not, wish to be ?otitis-
tanued by Peiping in the at-
'tern t to give Communism more
rprarnatic form and to break out
of the doctrinal strait-Jacket
that had led to errors in the
petit cal and economic fields.
By LEONARD INGALLS
y plAiNt le NM York tuns.
Ingnit.M., July 4?Prime Min-
flamerrempratrArramrirrinTerwi
In analyzing the Soviet action
in Hungary last fall, he com-
mented that the Hungarians
"frightened" the Russians who
could "see the hostile frontier
coming nearer."
On the disagreement beiwean
India and Pakietan over Kashmir,
'Mr. Nehru said that before it
could be settled India must in
sist on the withdraisell of Poking/
tarn troops from the disputed
territory, He said he had dis-
cussed the Kashmir problem with
Prime Minister Harold Macmillan
of Britain but Mr. Nehru did not
report the results of the convey-
goo.
, "We have stood more from
; akistan than Israel or Egypt
lever suffered from each other,"
. Ir. Nehru asserted.
Turning to the aliddie East
I e said his opinion was that
'Xgypt's attitude haward Israel
r as been more helpful in the last
aver years than that M some of
ate other Arab countries."
Backs Test Suspension
/n reply to nuestions about
adsarmainance Mr. Nehru said
he did not think a feasible to
tilve an agreement covering
everything but that the suspen-
ion of nuclear tests would not
danger anybody but would Ira-
lye the atrnospehre for con-
s deration of other problems."
The Commonwealth Prime
If Inisters met for a short time
today to hear a report by Alan!
I ennox-Boyd, British Colonial
I ecretary, WI the progres?s of
I ritain's colonies, The Colonial
Lecretary COSCUSSOO political,
t oonamic and social matters af-,
f,eting these areas.
During their discussion the
I little MIILIStCr.R indicated a
favorable attitude toward the
admission to the British Corn-
r ionwealth of the Federation of
ralaya gvhich will achieve its
I dependence in August.
riming Surprised Italy
%Decal Iv The New Yak Tuna
Rf ME, July 3 -Italy was not
Sc, much surprised by the
changes in the Soviet Union as
by t eir coming So early.
It was thought here it would;
take Mr. Khrushchey much;
long r to weather the dangerous'
crist invotving test fall's t Hun-b
ah7tivalt i
SfitaDR615-00
etr2rifp over his rivals in the;
!ruling croon.
today described the political
;changes In the Soviet Union as
'a return to normality from a
:long revolutionary period.
' Mr. Nehru is attending the
British Commonwealth Prime
Ministers Conference here. He
conalnented on the Soviet Italia-
Don, disarmament, India's rela-
tions with Pakistan over Kash-
mir and other matters at a
press conference he calMd.
Mr. Nehrtes remarks covered
some of the ground that has
been covered at the conference
of Prime Ministers but his
opinions were presented as his
own and not, necessarily reflect-
ing those of the Commonwealth
leaders.
The changes in the Soviet
Union, he said, indicated a proc-
ess that had been `going on in
the Soviet Union for some years.
"Every country that has gone
through a major revolution
gradually goes back to what
might be called normality," he
said. 'The surprising thing
about the Soviet Union has been
that it has taken a longer period
to go back to relative normal-
ity?'
Interprets "Norniallty"
By normality, he said, he
meant that the Soviet Union
"ls just not. living at the high
pitch of revolution; no country(
can live at that pitch for long."!
On the question of Soviet dom-
ination of Hungary, Mr. Nehru
said that "in Hungary or else-
where any kind of foreign domi-
nation is not good and the people
should have a chance to grow
and develop as they choose."
6R000500130067-0
?
CPYRGHT
N. jith "
AplyreCr r5orilictease 2902/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-0075
Muscovites Pause in Daily Routine
To Express Surprise at Ousters
By MAX FRANKEL
Corral to Tic Nr.e Yorlr, rirret
better, espeeiallgt since ther 7.
MOSCOW, Tilly 4-De
Liii 0 01. I vs Lon LU CA!.
shopping near the Kremlin this
after m
noon, indful of the .sween-
mg developments within the dld
for tress.
They expressed surprise at the
boldly headlined news that high
'and once trusted leaders stolid
;exposed as plotters against the
people's interests.
Many spoke trustingly, of the
wisdom of the Communist party.Nearly all nursed the hope that
the cause of peace and Sovint
prosperity had been served.
The CoinnianhSt party itself)
worked for and reported the']
With which it snit:
its 7.000,000 members Were ah-
proving the dismissal col Vyachids-
lav M. Molotov, Georgi Millen-
key and Lazar M. Raganovich
from the nation's ruling circle.
13et the Meng of world attention
that bore down on Moscow -lei-
day and the large type in Mor
cow's Own newspapers belied the
apparent mood of the people Of
the Soviet capital
Muscovites b,ought frying pans
in the G. Al; department]
store, pinched fresh mushrooms]
in the market and swabbed the:
facades of their buildings ft,
dress up the city Mr a forttp The;
coining youth festival, y'
!hurried in pursuit of their every-,
day but often overlooked choreS.1
Moscow's Summer drizzle let
Ule sue through for a few hougi
and a meth longer than usual
chain of visitem. and tourists
queued up for a look at tire
bodies of Lenin and Stalin in
their Red Square mansoieuna
Near the tomb, a ruddy, kindly:
. Man stood holding the morning
Pravda and shaking his head. ?
"I have been reading every
word," he said. 'I am very much
surprised, especially about Mole-
toy. I am a worker and eOrlYe
' from an old peasant family. We
have always followed Molotov's
career and had thought that he
? was a, devoted student of Lenin-
ist principles.
"Rut, of course, he Is getting
old and his vision must be fail-
ing him. I hope the interns,
Itional situation will get better
for our children now.
"You know, we have an old
proverb here which says that
whatever happens happens for
the best. Do yo uave children C"
A Student Is Interviewed
A lanky, blond high school stu-
dent leaning, against the Kremlin
wall blushed at the curious ler-
, dealer's approach. But soon he
conversed easily, explaining that
all his friends were talking about
the news,
"Now that that group is liqui-
dated, things ought to get much
pc,,,eLL caomg SV OI tension,
said.
Another man snapped: 'Thor
is a policeman. Why don't you
question Mam instead of me?"
But most Muscovites ap
preached were prepared to ox-
press
at least their interest in
and surprise at the news.
An ice cream vendor in
Maneshnaya .Square did not
'think politics affected him deep-
ly enough to merit discussion
A woman vendor of ice dream
pops at the Central Market, how-
ever, thought the party's deci-
sion was "very good."
A near-by peasant watering
his stock of flowers said he
cherished his right to think the
party's decision was wrong. .But
he didn't say. why he thought it
was wrong.
A bundled-no peasant woman,
fresh from the woods with soil-
stained mushrooms, hat' '
heard it on the radio"
"It's bery bad," she said. Pit's
very bad that some of our lead-
ers should have done these
;things. Molotov and Malenkov
were liked and trusted by us"
A potato merchant let 'his
scales slip to note that these
high matters did not affect his
A man behind the meat coun-
ter thought 'what is good for
the party is good for the COun-I
ay and for me," He had heard
lint the demoted leaders had,
node mu iigakes, he said., tilt
Must think, they resisted the
party after it made its deci-
sions!"
A dapper, tall electrical engi-
neer in the Central Department
Store here threw away half his
leo-cream cone and cautiously
franied his reply:
"No, there isn't too much dis-
mission of the news. You know,
we don't, have the custom of
discussion once things are. de-
cided here. Besides what is there
to discuss? These men have
been exposed and disciplined."
The young man hoped the
news would be reported objec-
tively in the West.
Party tamale Meeting
Within the Communist party,
however, 111'er? appeared to be
much to discuss and approve.
Party "actives' and locals are
meeting "everywhere," accord-
Mg to official announcements,.
They are displaying 'lift].
knit cohesion and unity of parka
ranks." They ate reporting to
Moscow their "hearty approval'
of the exposure of the anti-
party group.
It was disclosed today also
that newly elevated men in the
party structure had gone cult to
the distant corners of the Soviet
Union last week-end to report.
the drastic decisions and the
shake-up ordered by the party's
high command.
The "unity" meetings were
held before pubhc announcement
of the demotions en Leningrad,
Kiev, Alma,-Ata., Tashkent, Da-
tum, Miusk, Tiflis, Rig'a, Gorki,
Sverdlovsk and ninny other
eines.
Al. most of these meetings,
local party propagandists tont
N. Y. T1rnes
6ROikit0015obe-o
Soviet Report in Cairo Omits She pilov,
Once Lauded for Obtaining Arms Deal
CPYRGHT
glacial to The :ley York Tumor
CAIRO, July 4 -?-- The Soviet and of Mr. Shepilov as an
\ JO. m LI MOLL IWAAVS-U tkt
the Egyptian press today copies
of the report by Toss, the of
Soviet news agency, of the
latest shake-up in the Kremlin
hierarchy.
There was no mention, how-
ever, of Dmitri T. Shepiloy is
being among those involved.
The omission was all the more
curious in view of the fact that,
Egyptian newspapers this morn-
ing gave full play to other news
agency reports tenni gof the
ouster of Vyacheslav M. Molotov,
Georgi M, Malenkov and Lazar
M. Kaganovich from the Presi-
dium of the Central Committee
of the Soviet Commtinist party
4 LI., 1
The only explanation seemed
t.o be that Mr. Shepiloy had,
scored considerable success in
the initial stages of the Soviet
Union's drive to penetrate the
Middle East through Cairo.. He
received much credit for having
laid the groundwork for the deal
President Camel Abdel Nasser
'made for Soviet arms in the
summer of 1955 when Mr. Shepi-
loy as editor of 'Pravda, organ
of the Moscow party, visited
Cairo, iv
Mr. Shepilov was roundly ap-
plauded by the Nasser regime
when he returned again last July
ias the Soviet Foreign Minister.
N. Y. Times
JUL 4 195'
SELF-SERVICE STORES
PROMISED IN SOVIET
1 SCOW, July 3?Soviet c.on.-
Il.,,,. L.j.,.,,,,oi0
rvico stores and ether retailing
improvements to rut down the
constant crush in almost every
store.
The pledge was made yester-
day by D. V. Pavlov, Minister
of Domestic Trade, as he re-
ported a record increase in re-
tail sales. Ile said the Volume
of trade in the first six months
of the year was 291,000,000,000
rubles, 13 per cent higher than
same period last year. The of.
Sal exchange rate for the ruble
25 cents.
To demonstrate what he said
was the tepid growth of the
Soviet people's living standards,
the Minister gave figures on the
per capita volume of trade ad-
justed to WO prices, He said on
this basis the pre-war figure was
9 rubles. In 1955 it had risen
1,844 rubles. Ile estimated.
t this year's figuss would he
2,1.10 rubles.
The Minister reported it no's'
Was possible to begin selling milk
through the state trading sys-
tem in an pelts of the Soviet"
Union. He said this was because,
collective? and state farms had
produced 2,000,000 tons, more
nilk in first five months of this
tar than in the cerrespeeding
period of 1956, an increase of 28
Per cent. In the past, peasants'
aye sold their surplus milk on'
th: free market.
In addition to self-service
stores and more home deliveries,
the Minister said at least 20,000
riding machines would be in-
stalled soon to sell milk, beer,
sandwiches, Sausages, pastries,
perfumes and other goods.
ficials heard from leaders who
I returned home front Moscow
th new titles and responsibilb
es; They spoke fervently for
m new order of things.
Rut there appeared to be hasty
od "enthusiastic" consultations
the :party ranks throughout
e Soviet Union. Ordinary cite
ens were obviously surprised]
/ the developments,
CPYRGHT
N. Y. Urn
fl 1957
Death Terms Commuted
For Two Hungarians
LONDON, July 4 (Reuters)
Led . sat o
wo Hungarian writers, Gyula
Obersovszky, and Josef Gild
have been commuted by the
Presidential Council of the
upreme Court in Budapest,
I, T. I. Hungarian news
geney, reported tonight,
Mr. Obersovszky will serve
. life sentence and Mr. Galt
fifteen years of imprisonment.
Following. world-wide pre-
tests, the death sentences were
suspended by the Supreme
Court last month for "re-
examination." The supreme
prosecutor then submitted .a
new 'brief to the Supreme
Court in favor of the two
writers.
Mr. Obersowszky, 30-year'-
Id journalist, and Mr. Gall,
27, an ailing playwright orig-
inally were sentenced In April
to prison terms of three years
and one year respectively for
havin.g written and produced
n illegal anti-Government:
newspaper.
The Supreme Court changed
their ,sentences Tune 20 to
death after it. had heard their
appeals against the original
prison terns.
N. Y. TiatiRGHT
11.11, 4 195"
'lLGRA DE, Yugoslavia, Jiityli
,
t Yugoslavia. More than 4,1,000;
uses have been it:ported.
VIENNA, July it Iii Pt -"Sonic n
Catholic I din: services annMele-
ed today that 2,000 unit 5 of polio.
vaccine had been sent to Ilion-,
sin LH help steno a rer"or trd
Mem ie.
,c
Nap ovea ror rcelease zutrzroirtz-:-L?1/A-KLWO-0-
CPYRGHT
Approved For Release 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-00756R000500130067-0
Times CPYRGHT
JUL 4 1957
&Viet Citizen Wart aware
MOE IN MOSCOW ran
Once again, this morning the head-
lines on the front page of thiii news-
paper tell of a purge in Moscow, a
purge which km sent toppling men
Who only a few days ago were
titans on the Soviet, scene. The
Meer drama of this news must
amaze even the most blase observer.
Molotov has fallen, he who forty
years ago worked at Lenin's side in
preparing the 'Bolshevik revolution.
Kaganovich has fallen, he who first
spotted lahrushcheies talents rim
than three decades ago, When Kivu-
shchev was an unknown and barely
literate minor party functionary.
Malenkov has fallen, he who in
March, 1953, appeared to be Stalin's
' successor as Premier of the Soviet
Union and head of its Communist
party. Not since the Nineteen Twen-
tea, when such former giants as
Trotsky, Bukharin, Kamenev and
Zinnviev met defeat, has there been
a 'Parallel to the news Moscow an-
?Loomed yesterday.
The victor, 'clearly, Is Khrusheliev.
Yesterday's Moscow newspaper arti-
cles, which gave the first: hint of
the political lightning stroke to
come, made it evident that the
losers had opposed Khnishchev's
policies, and by implication had op-
posed K.hrushc.hey's power. The
isitMe impression of Ithrushchey
power is given by the new composi-
tion of the Communist party Presid-
ium, especially by the known politi-
eat records of those who have been ,
promoted and these who have been
demoted. Once again, as in the case
of Stalin, 3 has been proved that
the First Secretary of the Commu-
nist party is the key figure in the
Soviet Union, whose control of the
party machine enables him to de-
feat even his most august opponents.
It would be wise, at this early
point, to be cautious In assessing,
the policy implications of this latest
'mud in the Soviet struggle for
power. The official charges against
Molotov, Kaganovich and Malenkov
attempt to picture them as vile fig-
ures who sought only a return to
Stalinism, That they are vile we
have known for long, but Khru-
shehev & Co. are also vile on the
same grounds and were also Stalin's
close collaborators. Meanwhile it
would be wise not to forget that it
was Malenkov who in 193 first
tiled to get higher priority for the
long-suffering Soviet consumer, and
it was Malenkov too who, first
among Soviet leaders, recognized
publicly that nuclear- war would
Ming world suicide. These positions
were last Stalinist.
V7hat M dear beyond othate, how-
aver, is the Mailing character of
this purge. .Three of the highest
ruler* of the Soviet Union have been
dismissed by a votr, taken M secret
In the Communist party Central
Committee, a body composed of in-
dividuals who hold no mandate from
The peopte of the Soviet Union. Their
dismissal arises because of policy
differences involving questIona of
the fint importance to every Soviet
man, woman and child, yet no ordi-
Of what was going on until yester-
day's newspapers appeared.. The men
Who have lost have had no chance
to defend their positions in public;
they have had no opportunity (wen
to argue their case among the seven
million members of the Communist
party of the Swint Union, let alone
among the 200,00000 people of the
Stalintry. Is this spectacle of secret
;government, secret struggle and 1
secret pain anything but pure
Stalinism 7
The ? essential Character of the
Soviet Union has not changed_ It is
still a totalitarian dictatorship in
which a minute group of individuals
successfully arrogate to themselves
all power over the Soviet people. But
a totalitarian dictatorship, we now
see again, Li far from the seamless
whole it tics to show publicly, Both
the men who were purged yesterday
and those who purged them have
spoken in the past about their.
"unity." Now we know there, was
no unity.
Some of us sometimes become
discouraged at the public squabbles
of a democracy and the habit of X
democracy of speaking with many
voices simultaneously. But as we :
read the latest news from Moscow
we should understand that it is pre-
isely the diversity and freedom al
the facade of Dna-
canocracy which ire our great
trength, while )
Unity in Mokow hides gigantic
onflicts and, inevitady, correspond
-
g weaknesses.
IL T. Times
JUL 4 1957
U. N. CHECKS ON LEAK
Sifts Report Ceylonese Gave
Hungary Data to Russians
-
Spedg to She $ew York Time.
,CPvRIPF10N8, N. To
Jut -The United Nations has
cen quietly checking reports
.hat a 36-year-old staff member
from Ceylon supplied data te So-
viet officials on the Unite Na
ions, fact-finding investigation
on Hungary.
It was confirmed today by
United Nations officials that an
'active investgationa was being
nade of reports that Dhanapala
Samaratekara turned over the
Hungarian data to Vladimir
Grusha, who wag first secretary
of the Soviet delegation until he
left this entuitry April 10 at the
United Staten Government's re-
quests
Mr. Smottrasekara has dented
e reporth as "fantastic
ons" and explained that as a
Imitedliations employe he could
not discuss the matter. Bets con-
tinuing in Ms post in the Depart-
cut of Economic and Social
Affairs.
CPYRGHT
Manchester Ocardlaa
JUN 2 6 1957
stip T:Inn far Merry
Trtadar's Government may yet
s pe the immortality that an artist's
de th can so easily confer on his
ers. The Hungarian Minister of
ce has discovered a legal objec-?
to the sentence of death passed
on the two young writers joszef Gall
a Gyula Obers(wszky last week, and
th Supreme Court, which sentenced
m, is to re-examine their cases.
TI e legal circumstances were in any
nt unusual?the lower court would
o y have imprisoned them for one
three years respectively?and it
in y be that the horror with which the
o side world received the news of
corning executions had nothing to
d with their suspension. But horror
certainly ' was?telt and
pressed not merely by bodies like
e International P.E.N., Club and
ers from Mauriac te Sartre but
o from loyal Coninaunists like
casso and Aragon?and the
ngarian authorities may well have
en taken aback, by the vehemence
O this reaction. They had met nothing
e it after anY of the other hundred
ath sentences which they them-
Ives admit have been passed since
e revolution. (The International
ommissibn of Jurists puts the
mber 'of executions in thousands.)
ong the victims of the guillotine in
e french Revolution it is Chattier
16 is remernbered. But there Were.
id are, countless men and women
ho have no eloquent advocates like
. Aragon or their own works to
peak for them, and it is as well to
emind the Hungarian courts and
vernment from time to tine that
tem qi^e, rine TOPSOttell.
T. Times,
JUL 4 1257
CPYRg German Students Seized
BgAWN. gaily 3 Un?The
staGerman Security Ponce are
said to have arrested ten stu-
dents at the Martin Luther Uni-
versity at Halle-Wittenberg oh
charges of plotting against the
Red regime The independent
West Berlin newspaper Telegraf
said today the ten were accused
of "having prepared an organ-
ized opposition against the state
of the farmers and workers."
7/22': CIA-RDP65-00756R000500130067-0
; 7
419
.4, 4 4 (111(' iP411,1" ',WAS. Sal. June ?fl, '57
ApPlaved For-Rele se 2002/07/22 : CIA-R P65- 756R0005001
CPYRGHT
--Poles ontghtrope
CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
?
ear Alter on tatt
GomUlko
Isn't Out
Of Woods
Poland itself has walked
an agonizing tightrope. Much
of its newfound political
liberty has been preserved,
but only under the most exi
fneMe pressures.
At the same time even the
ost sympathetic observers
compelled to admit that
.y little progress has been
nade toward solving the ale
-
Mental economic problems that
drove the Cegielski workers
into the streets.
The hope that Hared so brit-
intly is dimming and in don.
of flickering out.
? ? ?
'OR THEIR part the Soviets
are recounted their influence
ad initiative in a nearly in-
edible fashion.
The rot has been checked
and confined to Poland.
The Nader government, in
he face of world-wide condom-
nation, is functioning in Him
'BY DA.V111) N. NICHOL
Doily News Foreign Sert'irrr
R EWAN? One year
ago this week
workers of the big
Gegielski locomotive
plant in Poznart reached the
point of thet rein
In the twisted and petunia
economy of ipoland P on long
or was possible In liveon
their earnings. Their bitten
ess awl discontent boiled
rivet into savage rioting that I
very quichty took on potilical
vertones.
Outer Wait reslored by in
military forces and ponce, hut
only et the rest of rnugh
blond. The shots Limed in Pcizil
an's streets on that 'Bloch 11
Thursday" rev r r beret cdt
throup,hotit Poland and the
Task of the world.
? ? ?
HT OCTOBER, in series (-if ?
Monis/Ube upsets. the Polish!
Communist party renounced
Its Stalinist loaders, had elec-ted their on clinic prisoner.
tladyslaw Gomulko, as sec-
retary, had thrown oat 1110
Soviet field marshal who ran
the army and the ministry Of
defense, and generally bad
et down the bars on political
niseitssion.
'the eo 0 II I r y remained
Communist, hut nitwit more
nearly Independent of Mos.
cow than it had ever been
since the war. It was onset
slide again to be "Polish,".
The Soviets were stunted
and uncertain, but when Hun-
gary drank from the same
heady cup end proposed to ,go
even farther- in treeing titself
of Communist toils. Moscow
put down the uprising in the
most. ruthless manner, t
Roth within and without a hit
sphere, the Soviet Union had
suffered the most grieyOUS
setback since it embarked on
4ts program et sublugatitng
Central Europe:
East Germany end Czecho.
loyakia are committed more
solidly to Moscow's leadership
than some of Moscow's own
people.
The. prestige and appeal ref
Yugoslavia's Marshal Ti
among the restless millions o
Eastern Europe have svancd
since he was (aught over an
ideological barrel by the 1.1mo
garden revolution. 'Phis, tor
13/410seow, is a plus.
? ? ?
GERMANY remains divided
In West Germany the hand of
Chancellor Adenauer may b
less firm after the elections
September.
Europe's Common Markel
to which the Soviets are op
posed bitterly, seems a elision
and unattainable dream whit(
France wallows in the thrOnn
economic and political crick
?
EVEN IN Poland the So
-
stets are making themselves
felt again. One of the best in-
dications was the journey last,'
week of Gomulka to Eastern t
Germany.
Much has been made of
the communiques lba t
rimed to give some ,iusili
fleation to Gomulka's brand
of "national communism,"
Far mere Important is the
act that he could be compelled
to undertake a mission that
as politically and personally
asteful.
?i 'The significance of this "sun
? ? ? render" has not been lost
WHAT HAS been Inc cesiit among peoples who are (wink
In the ear since Poznan' to detect power relationships.
y,
mart i, rs sjgonled the start. etil
?
APPIPvectEnotRelease 200 LI /122 : LIA-RUPbb-UU/O6h900
rtimint poland Gemini:a is
b ttling epPonene on both.
silts in whet he 6-:scribes :Is
a struggle an met nationalist
vision and nihilistic dogma-
. to"
"Revision" is CotaretIlliai
/anthology for the very kind.
iniktpendence for 'h jib
ornulka appeared lo stand a
rat Bp.
"Dogmatism" means a stav.
h following, of Stalin's
OM
? ? ?
YASILINGION'S u n dcv
nding, of Gormaka's diffi
cut role lies behind the rt.:
posais in extend economic a"
I I Poland to the amount
PIS million.
West ttermany for simi-
lar reasons h? beginning to
show some interest In "nom
mat:king" Its relationships
with War saw . Of f litany
there now are MM.
Gomulka admit leery
niy a limited time in n'hic
o produce basic 01011.
Poland's economy or to
enlaced by some more ern
lox regime.
Over' ared Over, in speech
ati writings, recurs the the
hat: /here must be "no
real from October." its y
frequence is alarming.
? ?
AS 'USUAL it is the peel.
who suffer most. So :far th
em to be drowning 111
miseries in floods of aleph
'ohne most:immix]
liquor, according to Poli.
newspapers, WaS 25-30 per cent
higher In the :first three
months of 195" than it was a
year ago, and the trend i.e
steadily up,
CPYRGHT
Washington Post
1)1_ igri7
Menzies Urges
U. N. Action on
litingary Report
neuters
gONT1ON, July The Lou
0011 conlererice ot pi line nien-
isters from the British Corn.
monweall h stales today heard
argument in favor of United
Nations action on Russia's sup-
pression of the Hungarian re-
volution last fall.
Prime Minister Robert Men.
ZIPS of Australia told the eon
ference that the General As.
senility should be convened at
the earliest monment to goo.
alder the recent report on the
'revolt, and not wait 'until its,
regular session in September:
According to the sources, Brit-t
min supported this view,
I '
later, military chiefs on
for right of the Common-I
wealth leaders Britain's new,
'defense plans based on the II.
bomb deterrent. The prime.
ministers of Ceylon and India
followed past: custom and did
not attend the secret defense
briefing.
Today WAS the first chance
the Commonwealth traders had
of learning the details of Brit-
in's new defense policy which
relies less on ground 'ogees
and in or e .on American-sup.
lied guided missiles and Brit-
h possession of the R-bomb.
CPYRGHT
London Times
JUN 2 191ii
EUROPEAN MON' I [01 AID
POt AND
Int IN Imo 2e,
eiarand econoinic Lied hnall
dal nen) Ii cern the lainctem Ammitra
eosin, Ics if 'a mammaInn mstat by
Assembla commitekt hog In-clay is adoinctl.
Hie ceitse.tien elexling with TriallOti
CCI raeg countft:a nin septic:Lanni on tae
asnoienced atter a tit enn.Vie teen; -
lag in west Willa that time hat been
'avow...1Hk deMopmcnts " in the de-
nitti, 'nett/mien Pt Poland's economy and
th,n, for example, there weie now 211,000
erlYtto hLlsirLesscs In I ai
min): is at the lima of ate. Ofiletillilet
hiilith to power iilSl yean. I no
details at lin: saa:Sled aid
ot a tars Moo.
0130007 0
AmByparg9frITitaese 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-00756R000500130067-0
jig. 3 1957 CPYRGHT
Pillage, D
ZITZ"viahoolveablbeuliiit i 31,
ecay in,4hdantaged by the war, bad
Old tern down, Large at as
German Area ,of farmland lie fallow.
Pillaging Worse Than W
2;
Houses Vacant; Others Dismantled;
Farmlands Lie Fallow; All
of Uncertainty Prevails
CPYRGHT
(Larry Rue, veteran Tribune foreign correspondent,
obtained a visa to enter Poland to cover Me Poznan lair
on the 071/aversary of the riots which
rained Monty to give Poland a new meas.
? ore of freedom. Rue, familiar with rem?
amazon after observing it in Russia end
satellite vountrks, drove to all parts of
Poland, talking to farmers, laborers, and
professional men. They said they could
talk freely for the first time since World
War Ii, Another in the min will appear
*morrow.)
BY LARRY RUE
ICMcage 'Mos Pros Benin'
CPYRGWZNAN, Poland, July 2?It was a Sunday mnrning
... trubs-e6 me oiler river at Frankfurt. The Polish
part of that German city, on the eastern bank of the river,
A s now called Slublee.
The Polish customs house was fairly well manned.
Anho we had to fill odt many forms, the Polish officers
were polite and die not object to our taking cameras into
th, country. They took our word for the amount of money
we carried and our declaration that we had no dutiable
goods in the automobile.
Even I; years after World War IL one gets the impres-
sion of entering a gtiost town when crossing the Oder. any
r25eAltles
It was easy to belie
post war destruction in
Orier.Neisse territories, t
Polish newspaper reports tt
pillaging, dismantling, a t
neglect, was far greater th
the actual war damages.
We had been prepared f
bad reads, which visitors
the Poenan fair a year
had complained about, Toot
earprise the road to Pozna
bribe most part, was execi
hnt Alm there were stretchcs
el cobble stone where on
t mkt break a spring, if ni
ireful.
There was hardly any motr-
:Uric on the road despite th-'
et that the international fat
just taking place in Po:
Large groups of peopl
ire walking between the vi
fetes.
In the countryside mos.
Rile was horse-drawn. Or
ken saw the Russian-sty
p tga With a wooden yoke twr
She horses' heads.
Bulge Out the Doors
In the towns every type
Mc transport?street car
ses and trains?was ove
c owdcd. R id e r s actual
owded, ft triers actual
t iged out of doors.
Ball the distance from th
p esent German-Polish fro
t r to Poznan was Cermet./
u til the annexation of th
cier-Neisse -territories. Thi
e-mprised 43,953 square mile
mith a pre-war German popu
haton of nearly 10 millions
At 1045. This annexation ha
n ver been recognized by th
, w stern governments.
the new western Pons
ft mier stretches from &me
o (Stettin] on the Baltic i
? north along the Oder ancA
N Sc rivers to Upper Silesia
or the Czech border, includine
lb rich Silesian industrial
re ion.
oznan [Posen', which was
un 'or Prussian rule twice
in recent centuries, was re.
ineorporated into Poland after
Weld War II.
housands of foreigners
In n the western countries
'at ended the international
trao fair here, which is try-1
Ina to outbid the Leipzig fair
as he most important east
we j, trading center.
Register with Agency ,
'r visitors had to reels-
With " Orbis," the Polish I
tourist agency, where a I
ec of forms, mentioning
?
CPYRGHT-
Waage Daily News
JUL 1 1957
Polish Churches
Freer, Pastor
1 NEW YORK-411')- A prom,-
'attestant clergyman
I says there is "far more re-
ligious freedom" at present in
Poland than there is in Spain
and Portugal,
The Rev. Dr. Gaither P.
Warrield, imprisoned by balk
the Rnssians and Germans
, during World Wa.r 1.I in Poland
"where he was superintendent
of the Methodist Church, made
his comment after a recent 10-
day visit to Poland.
Now general secretary of
Methodist overseas relief, he
said he found there was "free.
dom of religious worship"
there, and a "ready willing-
ness" on the part of Poles to
freely voice opinions to
stra nem s.
MAT,
3k-pRGHT
(Hungary Dancers
Arrive Today
fluildina. Loin which the Germans wets kicked out after
the war, stand vacant and decaying. At some houses grass
was growing thru the windows.
Girls in Communion Dresses Wave
In the main streets of Slubice we saw Poles in their
Sunday best. Little girls were wearing their white conk
znunion dresses and had flowers in their hair.
As in Ilungary a year ago, children, even the smallest,
waved eagerly at the passengers in the car as we passed by.
In every town In the former German provinces there
was the same depressing sight of abandonment. Many of
the present Polish inhabitants, who were moved here from
eastern Polish territory annexed by Russia with the approval.el
of Prekident Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill, seemed sth
uncertain about theft future. ser
There is no sign _of areyrolippOr,crsorktnit54
nonsApprowit/31, Wen, ft fitia been pilfered. inf,
Furniture. window panes, fixtures, wood, iron gates,J..
NVORP5Mtliet
or a visa and when pass-
the
froniier postj had tol
4
Vera Pasztor and Erno Vash-
ent, Hungarian dancers' and
choreographers who escaped into
Austria during the revolution
In Hungary last fall, will arrive
today on an Air France plane
and make their American debuts
In the Empire State Musk Fest-
ival at Ellenville, N. Y., Friday
night, July 26, The Symphony
of the Air and a ballet corps
also will take part In dances
with music by two Hungarian
icomposers, Bela Bartok and Zol-
tan Kodalto ?
Both leading members of the
I ballet of the State Opera in
,Budapest, Miss Pasztor and Mr.
Vashegyi were caught by the
Russians as they sisrted to cross
the Austrian bordro? but escaped
after bribing a it , 'Ian guard.
They have since I dancing
with the Zurich Om rift in Switz-
erland.
-- ? ?
Before this in orma roe was I
passed on to the police desk.,
the seeder was assigned a
place to sMy. Because M the
acute lack of hotel space we
were assigned to the home of
a city engineer.
We were fortunate. ?For we
had modern, comfortable, and ,
clean rooms. The engineer j
and his wife welcomed us as
personal guests.
The night before we left
for Warsaw they gave us 'a
party. They served fine Polish j
sausages, tomato salad Roma-
toes were selling at $1.50 a
pound M local stores, and
Polish liquor.
When we departc , thej
housewife handed us a note
In German. It read:,
"Please convey thru your
ewspaper the blist wishes
nd greetings to the families
eromarczyk in Chicago and
Detroit, formerly of Polska
Lisevol, who ?' are our rela-
Ives, but whom we have not
reard from Ante the war."
CFA715Wg For Release 2002/07/22C:PaW465-00756RMING3001067-0
WESTERN EUROPE
ft T. Times
J111 5 1957
BONN HOUSE VOTES
ANTI-CARTEL LAW
Measure Bans Price-Fixing
Jr Any Other Steps That
Curb Free Competition
By ARTHUR .1, OLSEN
Special to The New 'Lark Tones
BONN, Germany, July 4?The
- lower .hflUSC or al t . n
roved today anti-cartel legisla-
tion designed to insure genuine
competition in West German in-
dustry. Approval in the upper
house of Parliament is expected.
The legislation provides that
any agreements. made by busi-
ness concerns Cr associations o
business enterprises shall be in-
valid if their effect is to limit
or reduce free competition,
A Federal cartel agency,
well as individual agencies in
each state, will he set up to ad-
minister the law. They will be
empowered to forbid such agree-
ments and impose fines of up to
50.000 Deutsche marks (about
$12900) against violators,
Withthe permission of admin-
istering authorities, however,
:business concerns will be allowed
to combine t.o promote exports, to
rationalize production in certain
industries, to establish agreed
standards on items of proctiction
anti to enter Into price-fixing
agreements in time of an eco-
nomic crisis.
Bundestag approval of the
legislation by a substantial
majority amounted to a sweep-
ing victory for Dr. Ludwig Er-
hard, Minister of Economies,
against a 'virtual solid front of
German industr iGists.
Dr. Erhard stubbornly insisted,
upon and finally obtained -legis-
lation that would gibe the Fed-
eral Government authority to
invalidate price-fixing and mar
kit-sharing agreements such FIS
dominated the German economy
in the years before World War II.
The Economics Minister, whose
free-enterprise, philosophy domi-
nates West German economic
policy, has predicted that the
new law will put an end to the
Mstorie designation of Germany
'as "the classic cartel land."
Mrs Specified In Measure
United States economic ex-
pert:; speak of the West German
legislation as a desirable model
for other West European coun-
tries Independent observers em-
phasized, however, that the West
German legislation would be no
more effective than the adminis-
tering authority chose to make it.
The power of Dr. Erhard tc
make what he wishes of the
anti-cartel law arises front s
paragraph authorizing hint ,tc
permit the formation of a carte
"insofar as the resulting limita-
? tion of competition is necessary
In light of overwhelming con-
siderations of the overall econ-
omy and the common good."
'There is no doubt in informer
N. T. Times
JUL 51957
r,TREATY DEBATE COOL
I IN HOT, HUMID PARIS
LMiteloi 0 'the Sirs NON< alms
PARIS, July 4 ? About one-
sixth et tile meraDers or me Na-
tional Assembly were present to-
day for a debate on treaties that
would transforni the economies
of Western Europe.
It was the third day of discus.
Slim of the twin treaties to cre-
ate a European common matint
and a nuclear poor among
'ranee, West. Germany, Italy,
Belgium, the Netherlands and
Luxembourg.
More than thirty speakers re-
tained to be heard, but no one
expected any of them to throw
new light on the problems raised
by the treaties. The debate than
far has gone tediously over old
ground, revealing ideas and prej-
udices long known, probably
changing no Votes, .
One explanation given was the
heat wave that has reigned eines
Sunday, with temperatures and
humidity resembling Washington
at its worst?Washington in the
days before air conditioning,
which Paris does not have. The
atmosphere in the Assembly
chamber, however, was not op.
press we.
Another reason may be that
the basic principles of the two
treaties have already been de-
bated in the Assembly and
adopted, those of the nuclear
pool in July, 1956, and those of
the common market in January,
1957.
The Issue now is largely that
of deciding whether, In negotiat-
ing the treaties, the Government
followed the Assembly's instruc-
tions.
it I. Times
JUL 5 1957
IUNITY HOPES RISE
IN WEST GERMANY
British Doubt Foreign Policy
of Soviet Will Change?
Paris, Rome Cautious
..-----
special (ante New tort Three.
BONN, Germany, Slily 4?
CPYRGHT
Hopes for German reunineahon
were raised here today as a in-
sult of the changes in the So-
viet hierarchy.
Newspaper and politica/ com-
mentators advanced the op-
timistic thought that the aP-
parent liquidation of hard-core
Stalinist-influenced Soviet policy
might lead to serious negotia-
tion on the reunification of Ger-
many in freedom..
The West German Govern-
ment withheld comment pending
a study of reports from Moscow
and consultation with diplomats
of the Western Allies. Dr. Hein-
rich von Brentano, the Foreign
Minister, spent the day confer-
ring with his experts on Soviet
affairs.
It was clear that the govern-
ment regarded the dismissals of
the Stalinists from the Presidum
of the Soviet Communist Party
the most significant event within
the Soviet Government since the
removal and execution of
Laurent' P, Perim four years ago
Veteran German diplomats coun-
seled close watch on the devel-
opments in East Europe for
clues to a realistic appraisal of
the power play by Nikita S.
Khrushehev, First 'Secretary of
the Soviet Communist party.
British Dubious of Change
CPYRGHFC
tam to The Sc', Yolk Term
e es here Mat be. Erhart in-
tends to administer the law
strictly. On hits insistence, the
draft legislation passed through
exhaustive committee examitm-
lion substentially unclienged, de-
spite heavy premise -from a'
powerful Industrial lobby and
quarter*.
Those pressures were reflected
in the Bundestag vote, A few
members of the normally welt
disciplined Government Christian
Democratic Union joined with
;Solid Socialist, Free Democratic
and Refugee party Opposition in
voting against the measure.
There was no teller count.
The new law will replace the
decartelization decrees imposed
by the Western Allies during the
post-war occupation of West
Germany. Upon assuming sov-
LONDON, July 1?The British
Government teeis it. unimmy
hat the sweeping changes in
lie Soviet leadership will bring
'any rapid changes of any rag-
lificance" in Soviet foreign
'obey,
In the first official pronounce-
ment on the Soviet shake-up,
.he Earl of Oosford, Parliamen-
ary Foreign Under Secretary,
:aid in. the House of Lords to-
day:
'It appears that the policies
aid down at the Twentieth
'arty Congress will still be !el-
ected. Mr, Ehrushehev, whose
personal prestige has been en-
umeed by the ousting of his
mrities, has been associated with
II the recent main changes in
oviet policy and It must, be
resumed that the policies he
as advocated will be continued
ith oxen greater vigor and au-
dhority."
CPYRGHT
IL I. Times
JUL 4 1357
FINNISH PARTY QUITS
COALITION CABINET
Sot( lal to The Net awls l'i-nrs
t_rtat co,ra'rer n .rkel 7,, ft, (
three Cabinet, ministers rept));
exiting the Swedish People's
wilily in Finland s three-park,.
'caution Government resigned
rest
tlie nighI
Tthree Ministers, Nil:.
tfCilialliOr, Lindh andl
Onisten Nordstrom, ohjested to
my delay in pressing forward '
teth the Government's stabilize-,
ton progi sm.
The Swedish Peterles party'
nen were replaced by two
Agrarians and one Liberal. The
1grarlan-Liberal coalition corn-
Golds the votes of only sixty- !
Ws of the diet's (Parliament's? ,
:00 members. Before the milk- .
nil of the Swedish Purples pasty
he Cabinet could count on sev-
inty-nine votes in the house
The new cabinet includesi
'reiptor-De. Vieno J. Suliselainen
7:) rt;. 172i t
iiriane eN oba ones via,--
'aseter--)Arvo non-
plart
ittai:t) I Agrarian ?
it terfor-- itatras levire. Libet It, ,
jr/ease- Atte lakkanen (war
?itarrnaLer--hiartti Miettanen ii) g ea.
rd af ..r Frruriqor A
i(nnjs,tai:letx iiiroptm I.
0/a. titian rtu rat Iasi
13111
iAgrsrrorr
Vew(,IN
- jr1
,11:
i111 .? ri ?
root) - KU,N1 A driirwin
7" i'adr dad Vire Premise- Ed) hi -
Libel )-.11
Soriel At fair) rind t ;hid
iLibets 1 I and Praha Malian%
Liberal),
I',,?,,...?
t ItItgIVRGHT
JUL 4 1951
British Fund for 11.7tiTrincis
LONDON, dots, 3 (Reuters I -
ci Britain h. told the
United Nations that she via
contribute :51,2689(9 toward
cost of the Thijted Nations elite-i-
genes' force in the Middle East,
Han Noble, Minister of State
or Foreign Affairs. said todsy,
te explained that , it includoil
81 per cent of the first
p1.0,000,000 to conic from meni-
ber states and a proportion of a
supplementary sum. Mr. Noble
declared thst "it is certainly the
Government's police that the
orce should stay in the area as
one as it is thought necessary!'
CPYRGHT
iereignty. West Germany co HE-French Comment Confused
1 to accept those decrees as?reif PARIS Jul 4?The art
R Li &sena io Pte Newiork iltle9
law pending the adoption of new
legislation. However, the decrees
have been in effect only nomi-
nally during the last five years.
neat HI ilU.ueuttea tevainly only a
struggle for internal power and
not necessarily a more concilia-
tory attitude In world affairs
French experts concluded today
Mel laLtUUMS, Un-
used comment by both Comnot
Mitt and non-Communist. French
sources, these trends of specula-
ion stood out:
01The "collegial" direction of
the Soviet party, put to the test
after the death of Stalin, was
Showing signs of inefficacy.
Nikita 5, Khrushehey appeared
to be trying to oust men capable
of opposing him alni to replace
hem with appointees more
amenable to his direction.
Approved For Release 2002/07/22 : CIA-R01365-00756R000500130067-0
CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
Approved For Release 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-00756R000500130067-0
Times
t)111. 4 1957
FRANCE'S DEBATE
ON POOLS IS MILD
Few Deputies Have Studied
Pacts?Finance Minister
Warns on Inflation
Hy HAROLD CALLENDER
:,epaid 0 Iln*Neur York 'finite.
PARIS. July 3?Felix Gaillard,
NIMOLE lit annan.t,RI toady
France must attain a better eco-
nomic balance and check Infla-
tion to eatim the European com-
mon mar I et in favorable Mr-
metastatic'
The dis 'Aims of the common
market tr ly and its twin, that
creating European nuclear
pool, con i wed in the National,
Assembly.
Premier Maurice Bourges-
ataanoury as authorized by the
Cabinet to .nake the vote On the
atlas a question of confidence.
tent the debate so far has res
vealed none of the passion that
eplit the nation and nearly every
party when the European De-
tense Community Treaty was
discussed and defeated.
Approval b Egiteeted
?ere deputies have studied the
Eta ee massive volumes represent-
iiie the two pending treaties.
There emery,' ia good chance
they would be. approved by the
Assembly without the fight that
took place over the defense corn-
enmity treaty.
M a newt conference for for-
eign correspondents, 1W. Gaillard
heisted that France must move
apldly. to redress her balance of
payments because of the im-
pending common market.
He expected results of nen
legislation within two or three
months. He emphasized that
new tn revenues of 450,000,000,-
mM francs or ;1,200.000,000, and'
economies of a similar mamma,
affinied to the eighteen months'
,ht were expected to intervene'
before the common market treaty l
mitered into fore&
Now that United States aid
approximately finished France
must pay her own war by in-
censing her exports, saki M.
Gaillard. He remarked that he
hoped to increase exports by 30
to 35 per cent.
He said regular exporters
mend sell 15 to 20 per cent more
abroad and non-exporting pro-
ducers could be taught to export
through a commercial organiza-
tion acting for them abroad that
the govemment sought to create.
M. Gaillard said the main
cause of the adverse trade bal-
ance was internal Inflation that
encouraged domestic rather than
foreign nits. The cause of this
inflation he found in the na-,
I Donal budget deficit.
M. Gaillard would give no esti-
mate of the future gap be-
tween exports and imports, but
?Andre Philip told the Economic
Council that for the next twelve
months the foreign trade deficit
would be at least $500,00000.
It has been suggested that the
foreign bans France would need
tn meet her deficit would be
F700,0firt000 or more. M. Gailla.ni
ATIA"CrigAngl.
Do said the reim.position of'
I
import. quotas was an emergency
ineasure that the Government
? R. Y. Then
_JUL 4 125?
PREMIERS OBTAIN
TRADE ASSURANCE
British Back Preservation
of Conetionwealth Pattern
in EUropean Integration
' atir THOMAS P. RONAN
3itechn to The New York times,
LONDON, July 3?British
intionweann canunes urger]
Br tam n today to protect their
tirrests in the movement to-
Ward European economic Inte-
r tion,
'hey were assured by British
offends at the Commonwealth
Pr me Miniiiterst Conference that
Britain regarded the preserva-
tion of the Commonwealth trade
pa tern as or viirls; neamertance.
These officials stressed at the
matte time that it would be a
smeous economic setback for
Britain, and consequently for the'
rest of the Commonwealth, if she
we e excluded from an economi-
cal y integrated Western Europe,
rettending today's two sem;
Me is, in addition to Prime Min
1st r Harold Macmillan, were'
Peter Thorneyeroft, Chancellor,
of the Exchequer; Sir David
Eceles, President of the Board
of trade and the Earl of Home,
Searetary for Commonwealth
Reintione, Six other Prime Min-
isters and the representatives of
thre more were present.
I he first session was devoted
to titan's of the sterling area,
? Ite chief topic here was the
av4lability of capital for Corn-
Yo wealth development. Scone
of .he countries, notably India
anc Ghana, are badly in need of
cap tat investment.
A r. Thorneyeroft noted that
Ski an had long been the 1111RjOY
supplier of such capital and that
her outlay for this purpose had
bee r averaging about ?20000,-
000 0560,000,0001 a year.
Fe questioned whether Britain
cou d keep up that pace with-
out jeopardizing her own finan-
cial situation.
le afternoon session was de-
vot d to the plan of France,
It West Germany, Belgium,
the Netherlands and Luxern-
bo to set up a. common mar-
ket together with their colonies,
an Britain's proposal to link
oth e European nations with it
M free trade area.
St of the Conferees stressed
to ,ritain that they wanted to
haw* continued access to the
Eurmean market for their egetcultaral products and raw ma-
tey' They reiterated their
objections to any arrangement
tin would Interfere with the
andel privileges their products
non enjoy in the British market
win regard to duties and quotas.
lion& would soorierad-iiiirinat
would not aPply to Imposts
under trade agreements.
4. Gaillard announced that
wl lan ten days a decree would
Mbar foreign tourists to buy
ga Mine at slightly more than-
on -half the new price charged?
French consumers. This price is
iertattpspApertfitier2R00
francs a liter or about 57 cents
a anon if paid in foreign air-
raga
CPYRGHT
London 'MIN
JUN 27 1957
M. SPANK SUPPORTS
GEN. NORSTAD
AGGRESSIVELY MINDED
SOVIET GENE:R.ALS
FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT
PARIS, duNft 26
tommenting at a luncheon of the
Angle-American Press Association in
Paris to-day on Mr. eiromy:r 'X Press
conference about General orstad.s
statement, M. Soaak, secreta 'general
of the North Atlantic Treaty Izaniza-
titan, said that at the risk of 'petition,
he would emphasize that NAT 0. was
a defensive organization.
He was somewhat surprised at the
strength of Mr. Gromykras reaction, for
he, M. Speak, had got his staff to turn
up recent speeches by Soviet military
leaders, which showed that they were quite
ready to proclaim Soviet strength in nuclear
arms and make such references tis " crush-
ing the United States "or " reducing to
ashes the territory of any enemy whatso-
ever." If Mr. Gromyko's logic led him
to think that General Norstad and NATO.
were never:delay minded. then he would
also have to admit that the Soviet Union
was too.
Spoilt:mg of the development of N.A: TO.
M. Speak said that they had now reached
the stage of its politieel organeration, For
himself, he had, on itSStum rig hisnew iob,
taken the report of the " three wise men "
as his persoaal cherter, with is emphasis
uperit politieal consultations Wallin the
affiance. However, this idea of serious
political consultations between the Powers
was a new oma and it ma :MOSS secular
traditions. So far ft hid not been rytitttible
tit do mach beeond the point of sunolaing
reeriprOCat information.
CONSULTING N.S.T.O.
Governments. he said, should not make
decisions about policy before consulting
N.A.1.0.; the consultation, to be worth
while, must precede the decision. which
must then be made in the light of discussion
within the alliance. All this was a. difficult
and delicate task, hut he personally felt
sure that the era of individual diplomacy
WS past.
An essential problem for N.A,T.O. in
the weeks to come, he said, tv(iitld be that
tif disarmament, Here M. Speak repeated
some of the views that kw has ohm' ex-
pressed before: that the only real disarmer
Ment was that which was general and super-
vised, and that disarmament in the nuclear
and conventional fields could not he dis-
sociated, for moral reasons if or none
other. The horrors of an atomic war should
not obliterate the memory of the horrors
of the Second World War; the crinic
war began with the killing of the lirst ,
innocent victim.
lie thought that they would have to he
very careful in the disa neat-Rent negotta-t
tions, lest, at the end of all their efforts, the
final results might be merely to have
brought war nearer. 'They must look .,at
the question as a whole. and not make OW-
tinenons that weft: not there. It might even
be neCessary to accept a ilartizil solutiOn
although M. Spaak refused to exptairewhal
he meant when he said (his.
London Than
JUN 2 7 195? ? '
NAZI LITERATURE' FOUND I
BY GERMAN INWILICaPYRGHT
FROM otiR OWN COgghsPoNDINI
BONN, lissa 26
5001
0111
Aliens rmeuer, IflC 1011111.1 RAMP ui 4
banned organizatien known as hit
Deutsche? Reichmiugend. with its
300e7k0en. has been arrested on cha ice
ot sending out ttycircular letter to former
mcvi he im i iteMt u re found by die police
expressed Nazt*ntirnents. So far no con-
riegiOn has IVO traced hetWeen the Orga-
niritirm mo 11110i-01in %,ij show
750 an n POlitiCt part Waften S.S.
CPYRGHT
30067-CLondon Times
JUN 1 8 195/
EUROPEAN COMMON
MARK IT
C) TIlE, Emoit OE. lin
TIMES
0756R000500;
3;
CPYRGHT
A p Miltett it.;atle 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-00756R0005001
Strong Canada Bid Made
By Red-Dominated Union
TORONTO. June 29 (NANA) ?-111" !flounces heavy wafer jul
ttornic research.
They are also
drengly entrenched in the Sud-
union is making a strong bid i for
power in the central Ontario
mining 'region that is the world's
biggest production center . of
,uranium ore, vital mineral Lfor
'atomic energy and atomic wea-
pons.
The Royal Canadian Mounted
Ponce and other security agencies
are keeping a worried eye on
the situation in the tough, boom-
ing mines of the Algoma basin,
in the Elliott, Lake, Bancroft and
Blind River areas.
Here the Red-spotted Mine,
Mill and Smelter Workers Union
has made substantial headway in
organizing the miners. The
union's main Algoma victory has
been to sign up sufficient work-
ers to become bargaining agent
for the labor force in the world's
biggest uranium mine, Consoli-
dated Denison,
Steady Retreat Shown
In general the Communists are
having a bad time in Canada,
where they masquerade under
the name of "Labor-Progressive
Party." Membership has fallen
from an immediate postwac peak
of 20,000 to 4,000. Leadership is I
split into bitterly squabbling fats 1
tions, Funds: are low. ? ?
Within the trade union move-
ment, the picture shows a steady
retreat of Communist influence,
losing memberahlp to unions af-
filiated to the 1,100000-membee
Canadian labor congress. The
two main strongholds of Red:
labor activity in Canada today
are Mine-Mill and the United
Electrical Workers.
Mine-Mill has 30,00 Cana-
dian members. These are in
important centers having to do ?
with the raw stuffs of atomic
energyuraniurn mines in 'On-
tario and Saskatchewan., in iffie
1 t Trail British Columbia
an a
Stit I, Ontario, nickel mines.
Red Organizers Active
United Electrical have 22.000
adian members. This mem-
leg hip is grouped particularly
! n the plants and shops of
iadian General Electric,
at ada Wire and Cable, and
adian Westinghouse.
%while withdrawing on most
'rot ts, the Reds have cunningly
theism) the new and raw uranium
airing zone of Ontario for an
rift attic offensive. Red or-
tan gers from Mine-Mill are in-
en active among the work-
Les of such important mines as
oi solidated Denison, Algona,
iro no. Fataday, Greyhawk
oi hspan, Stanrock and Milli-
'en Lake,
'I ivy show every sign of hati-
ng plenty of funds, platoons of
till time organizers and skill-
till prepared tactics. Their
pe anons are based on head-
ua ters at Sudbury.
B Wing the CoMmuntsts is,
he Canadian branch of the
ini ed Steel Workers of America,.
eon regional headquarters at
;au t Sainte Marie The tight
ti sign enough men to be able
to' ilalm bargaining rights to
ra' up contracts for a mine's
'abet- force.
Svelworkers officials allege
Ma besides legitimate means of
eri atsion-elncluffing reference
'heir undoubtedly 'mores-
ice record of negotiating wage
ficri--the Reds are using viol-
mci graft and bribery. The
Communists, they charge, will
ay for junkets for recreationn
ed Algoma, miners, taking
Inen to the comparatively bright
1 gh s of Sudbury and picking
p he checks for beer, women
MI steakn.
London' T mos
JUN 1 195?
Pot ITICAL UNITY IN
U RON
CPYRGHT ptirsimAr 6140NCM'S
PAixtri jell Inesidein (thifittilf
}news at ,4 hum ss iii the I wore iii
Mgetengell1 here lOni.0, that " tog gratil
Iteln t Ill 11111 iii I int 'pc situ1 ;II !1,,h il the
janidarnernor enn, mks, 01 their', !Ind
" sgat'Lll is bleb (Igy urn
rentighl loud ornalaling from the 1,0110
&leo des. the CsosiLlont Lit lad) ilealoickl:
" toil: era Hifi!ilse cimmium iiia.t k el are
moat snma liii., lainnic sv,fl non achieve
us rent hicrittly with oolitteid Pint),
signoi rid he midi c-an,P the
coneic,,. 'Hitch! gre.tt hone, hut I iicidd
not lie talhet0 ^111 Int ind with 't01.1
if I snit I felt tittut ?mullion."
I he CCI Iris Is 011e of the hiie ne,h gather
nigh 01 1 morLin reeent
teals ht. kolic_it Svhrinnitl, hitt Ills'r Plume
\IihustL'.r in I Ldu nieshdod Hi towl,ni'
samsion 011fler yr thc.
gillseLlietl p, whph Hal&
I i g? run 5.111it, the Blinsh
st,,, tk iii
ltchntini, the ,?1:1111.t i ot N
h. 111,J II 10.01ttt,1 dr,smsion Ala ' tiro
Approved ForReleete 2002/071221101A-RD965
0 c knonettll mei an {nth,
awl' ? 1).01'0,111h 01 (1 ?1c1.0111df F.iuirutpe
Ali iell /6
lj Ilk, ,i1.11H11C7 ut i.e trial ''voice
should take exception to Sir David Eccles's
nem a rk an Cie( mall dilnilrguitn1 01 the
European (Ammon Market. Ilasin,g closely
followed the histola of the new treaty front
its conception, and (T 001 t onVerhalitalti with
my therigh COMIllerciat ;tad whet acqutint.
antics. I know that however much Hiitan,
tot
Ca IS that she is not dividing Europe,
lir dilee, neVellflthey,, leek' she is if) dancer
of tiding not [hat, ?
In a remarlciblv short time the French
and Gentian flegtnialills of the liony have
succeeded in burving the trade war hatchet
and the two countries tinge illancgahl to
achieve a realistic owner ten [Hole in a
rather magnificent way, quite as shong as
that between I f alhgt ii nd this country. I et
those who la:inmate this bond consider the
Saar settloment, the acceptance by the
trench of' General Speidel in a position at
command, the iwingut :Man Of tIll Official
Franca-German ciihnral commission, mina
'Indians for road haqIiige integration now
in progress, ;not to ineution the I civilian
ltrtgily, which ssas &Might with strategic
dangius
All this has been achieved in he face
of a United Kiundom Nese! Ve that seems
to he on the brink of hurling nrlff down.
14.111. sullemn.cs. Can we wonder at I mope
viewing with Collee:11 0111- talk ahem a
Cited flosnin based no the idea of inn
Atlantic ( csaitnionit 1,1 taitnecl not In ec.tcd
With enthusiasm bv the Skh am! heti ty
phrases lair e " a hcitile Houk .iteros, lh(
Channel threglernitg the yen life 01
United Kniedoie
'there Is no doolit in my mind that liritain
should go right into Eimruipuc as seventh
member Of the Common Market, with the
Commonwealth tullowing in V.I. ions
degrees of tree ii aide relationship. Willtenn
IJS rho Market win be dominated by tier'
moor, which means that. even with equal
defence commilmenls, (..rormena will also
dominate
I or this hitsic leavon the lininch have
almtow iIcclitied that It in one 'leech lh
'the combination qt V-icnith thought, (ter-
man power, and Ithilivb cdrinfliStiatinn is
envisaged as giletrIg, Europe her host chance
of avoiding another. trade halr. let IIIC
Ctiteerflnlent Coincide( th ,';lesr they further
alienate the ( cod Morn and plecipitate that
which they it id) or stave ,id,
SMias laithndh
Brig'Ilt PCII-
f 87, Amesbury A?eope, 5, W..
Sir,?-iOne of your reeciit correttpoindents,
in a letter p uhlishd on June .4, has under-
lined Sir David fieeteirs SNICITICgt That
"Germany will ha:wit:11de dominate the
C0111111011 Market nations Ittl1
nint- :here is some hcsittition Wore the
scheme receives sinned aceepicnec, Is it
opporomo thereloic to raise one tit 0.1,41
Wit:1.1(10Ft
yomr conrctinondoin, 'Mr. Pant Cidoll,
speaks in "Germany'v natural atIVOlinagres
over the Urged Kingdom." And he goes
un to sneak of ?Ur COMITIAIIICIIN in the
defence of limoive which agttrayntie
dkaaVaillage ill the buret' cli4iggle 104
in di,: C:.,, 010011 LII Lei
Sir, is thcre another cowdOcitmon
which ought to ne ',A en into the lock nu ion
when WC thilCithile U11011 alir chancee, iii
survival under the sithivme ' In intim:atop::
production Laws which Live pi. he covered
in Selling prices, is thole zoo: ot the people's
cotwerncid in the sehemii vu. a t, Viich ci
hillrffen of taxation as the, United icing'
dOnli 7 Ibis ic go ove, heed Chtir et: Inuit
which re busiest or filineritise eaenne
%laird it lie tisel itt, ediritiiini, if with the
publiciting oi lire it tuirt,itL,ii Nlarkvit (lc the
reel ad.: ?:!hytn,r.i Up.bli. vo,T.
sided gis ins dem ly oh the
national debts nen:amine to the sevend
riarions alitmeade gif the cuposto rims
of te an tion ohniame 7 If tn Ifint 1 egafd
the Hinted Kingdom a pt'u'mti'a to signsi dne
advantage tel rho 50 voznitnant
a part in " ewe:dr:rot, ' are we not a Imoil
tioriclevshei handicap:ivel in entering .t
struggle tar rumken. is rib no MOO: hal led
Venict inunubiluilts
Pt PLY dA(. KS(iN.
55, S.alici "
30067-0
CPYRGHT
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1. Tinos
HN 3 U1:1;( CPYRGHT
&AN HOLDS HER LEAD
4 A VAST COMMONWEALTH
covering From Suez Crisis the Member
Nations Take Up World Problems
By THOMAS
F
wow to The N RGHT
'MON, June 29-- A tribute
at AO tart sommonwetuto
3 last week from an unex-
ed quarter?Moseow.
I the eve of the opening of
Commonwealth Prime MM-
eV conference last Welnes-
the Moscow radio described
Commonwealth as "an im-
ant factor In world politica"
ith that aesesament most of
rest of the world would
e. And It would go along
with Moecow's evaluation of
present conference as "an
I of no little importance."
meow ',neutered M a Mt of
fen thinking when it empha-
the merlous difference that
arisen among members of
";orranonwealth as a result of
Britiah-French intervention
Igypt and implied that these
seance, were continuing. i
se Suez CUM and ell its re-
eines are being reviewed
Boa the conferees have not
t'sactsed this discussion es an
emt et which blame must be
-attuned. They are interested
eterrommg the practical
ts of the Suez crisis and in
aging their pelices accord-
V.
his elastisity, this give and
a are in large measure the
lie of the Commonwealth's
th. British and Coro/non-
1th etetesmen have long Inc-
:zed that the widely divergent
tents in thirs vast faintly of
mm rule out any rigid oper-
g formula.
Ines Bengeonle
hey also now that each of
ten members of the Corn-
wealth rannot be expected
obscribe to ail of the policies
he ?there. That the Common-
sith ran function as "an im-
tent factor in world politics"
out universal agreement was
e cleer by Prime Minister
ree last week when he
tched rumors that India was
nosing to quit.
hese rumors, encouraged by
te of Mr. Nehru's public
temente, Stave flourished for
n, But Mr, Nehru empha-
thet India did not "Intend
"(save, And he was equally
idiotic that this did not mean
ean approval for all the acts
other members of the Corn-
nwea It h.
be British-French interven-
in Egypt brought one of the
st dangerous crises the Com-
nwealth has fared. India and
er Commonwealth countries
;Sly disapproved a and Yin
by all were resentfdl that
'e had not been kept properly
nmed by the British Govern-
A iftoved For Release 20
e preseiii conterence was
cact eriginelty summoned to
y this singer and resent-,
enormenie into tion and Bei -
Ares desire to become part of
Mat movement have called into.
onestion theaeconomic arrange-
ments, that Amy. been a major
fetctor in bolding the Common-
wealth together.
B.ritain has given preferred
tariff 'treatment to Common-
wealth' agricultural produce and
thee goods. And they In turn
haste tamed the way or the bn-
pertatinn of her manufactured
w T
arts. mml . t it e the ggcducts Britain has insisted
Lkened commonwealth links. ,, [-A agricultural produce be
t time has Waged Much of exempted from the tariff and
t e wrath felt Int fall. And the me ta restrictions that might be
Itte ime Ministers are concerned i n lotted by the European free
ISew with demonstrating rthe Smile area she has proposed.
A 'Moray of the Commonwealth ' h e area would include the corn-
rid with Insuring that B will ntm market being established
arow in strength. . env France, West Germany, Italy,
Be glum, the Netherlands and
Mocembourg.
During the talkie that will last
A nil Friday the conferees--- en olaal Imports
saven Prime Ministers and the
(-stance of the other three--are
e nging over virtually all the
1....ortri's problems.
Appropriate*: enough they be-
In with a review from Selwyn
oyd, British Foreign Secretary,
the proven of the United Nas
bone subcommittee talks here on
hiervey et the World
' he exclusion of agricultural
reelects would have the effect
at protecting Britain's arrange-
r-tilts with the other Common-
wAlth countries. But the Euro-
pean nations have not yet given
tiler assent. And the situation
k a been vastly compjicated by
Su decision of the Mx European
mernamerits. They moved on te a i a eons to ghee preferred treat..
tionsiderittion of the international nit to imports from their
1 tuaticaa first in broad terms while,*
rid then in relation to !specific tritain feels strongly that she
went And all of this was en st participate in the economic
Against a background of their in .gration of flume* or face
swiesement of Soviet intentions.' in disastrous prospect of being
'Their conference agenda cov- er en out of a huge and profit-i
^s, too, a consideration of the b e market. But if she does this.
feets of British defense cut* t be expense of her eqweseect4
n the Commonwealth as a rangemersts with the common-
i
hole and on each of the Corn-. V ith, she risks loosening the
onwealth countries and a die- i I economic linke that help
ssion of the Commonwealth's e p the Commonwealth to-
onomic affairs,,
e her.
The future role of Britain as a "here 13 another trend within.
mid power and as head of the Its Commonwealth that threat-
ornmonwealth is largely bound cn the old economic set-up. That
p with the discussions of des! Is he tendency of countries like
inn and economics. And this At stralia, New Zealand and
e true of the role that the Com- 51 la to build up their own man-]
mnivealth will play M world fe cturing industries and to rely
theirs. rise and less on imports from
These conferences kre not held Sr thin.
s rea.ch decieion on Common- 'Malty, Britain 'always hasi
beanie policy. But the views and le n looked upon as the chief
iformatioIt exchanged are a -0 ree of investment capital for
tajor factor in determining (User Commonwealth countries
Mat policy each of the member TA the colonies. But the de-
nuntriem will follow with regard ennuis are con.stantly pyramid-
Commonwealth and world rii and Britain, with economic
roblemt entries of her own, ta In no po-
ttiest:Ione of Defense -it on to meet all of them.
D n the opinion of most ?there-
efense is a major interest
n who follow the fortunes of
t this conference because it is
he first conference tieki since
Within announced her decision
o slash her conventional armas
semis and to realign her forces.
Traditionally the Common-,
vealth has relied on Britain's
scatteredmd bases .1 t
he world, on her great fleet and,
n more recent years her potent.
Jr force to keep its line of
ommunications open and to pro-
ect its interests.
Now that Britain is cutting
ler army, navy and air force
net planning to concentrate on
mall but highly mobile units for
ottani,' action, the other Corn-
noziwealth countries are studysi
ng the effects these changes!,
1
vii have
hen even the defense problem
3 the discussion of the Commion-
vessith economic situation. .
mw www wawo
h Commonwealth, it may,
h ough the force of changing S There was a time when the notion
werld circumstances, become s
v-n looser than it M but it is 40 a Europe In which the various
eseined to have a long and we i c ?untries traded freely among
u We. l emselves would have seemed an
'hese observers feel, too, that
CPYRGHT
Saffinsore Sun
JUN 2 9 15'57
France In Europe
r reneti Nallonal Assembly is
wheduled today to begin considera.
Son of the European customs union
Peaty. With French politics in their
resent state of temporarily sus-
pended confusion, it might be sup-
posed that the customs treaty faces
he fate visited by the Assembly on
tome earlier plans leading toward
uropean integration, notably! the
Losuccessful scheme for a '.Euro-
peaq Defense Community.
The present case, however, is MI-
(*went. A good part of Franh's
present political uneasiness arises
om the poor state of the country's
&lances, particularly in a foreign
t ade balance increasingly adverse.
help correct this France is count-
g on a loan from the European
Payments Union; and it is believed
t at the European Payments Union
UI insist, as oat of a number of
e mditions, that France accept the
t eaties setting up a customs union
a id establishing Euratom, the pro-
cted European alomic-energy pool.
Though the Assembly has frequent-
shown itself unpredictable, the
c lance seems good that under those
ressures It will act responsibly.
An additional pressure is pro-
clod by what has become the clear
evitability of closer co-operation
a nong the nations of Europe, devel-
o dog in time Into European unity,
ie movement toward integration
h is received many setbacks, and at
troments has appeared moribund;
y 1 ft revives each time stronger
II an ever. It simply makes sense.
It makes special sense in the eus.
tuns union treaty, under which
lis-ance, West Germany, Italy, the
Netherlands, Belgium and Luzern,
beurg would progressively, over
Ictizen years, abandon existing
Irn-
port duties and other tariff barriers.
Once it comes into operation, Bra-
n, Switzerland, Austria and the
Seandinavian countries are expect
e 1 to participate..
Inc
t will be many years before
tains position as the recog-
it ed leader will be challenged
ne has as many ties as she
vith each of the others and none
1 um as yet coins/Mose to rivalling
le' in world prestige.
C. S. Monitor
J
, impossible dream. It is no longer a
detain, and no longer impossible. It
close to a reality. The French
, National Assembly has the historic
mortunity of casting the vote
ateeded to make it so.
UN 2 8 1957 CPYRGHT
Britain; Radio telescope Heady
64:004c7Mitilleorkre
They said June 26 that by
natural radio emissions of st
SO MAUCH MUM al p
eos LUL
vitorld's biggest radio telescope.
picking up and focusing on the
an as far away as a billion light
ears the telescope will give them a tincture of events taking
ace at the moment of the universes estimated birth.
CFANAlgvEg For Release 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP650707116601fl500130067-0
JUL'79?
'SENATOR BIDS [N11
SPUR RESETTLING'
OFARABREFUGEES
Humphrey Asks Commissionl
to Study Means of Solution?
?Would Free Cairo Assets
1
By DANA ADAMS SCIEMIDT
Special to The New YON! Them
WASHINGTON, July 4--Sen-
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
NEAR EAST, AFRICA
N. Y. Times
JUL 5 1q;7
1Nasser Top Aide Speeds to King Saud;
Effort to Restore Alliance Is Pressed
the United State ever since
President Nasser nationalized the
Suez Canal Company in July
year ago, American officials
maintain that the funds are be-
ing kept for possible eventual
compensation of the Suez Canal
Company stockholders.
On the subject of the Arab
refugees Senator Humphrey said
that according to experts he had
consulted, Iraq is "desperately
short of people" and could With
advantage absorb the entire re-
fugee population. The Senator
said Iraq actually aeeded'3,000,-
000 to 5,000000 new inhabitants.
Syria, too, is underpopulated,
e said. In addition it is believed
that as many as 200,000 persons
ator Hubert at, ourapmey pro-
eased today the formation of a
'United Nations good office
commission to explore mean
of solving the problem of the
900,000 Arab refugees who fled
Ifrom what is now Israel.
The Minnesota Democrat. made
I his proposal in a report to the:
Senate Foreign Relations Com-
mittee on his tour of the Middle:
east during April and May.
'rho existence of this refugee
problem ten years after the
Arab-Israeli war is "a challenge
to the conscience of humanity,"
he said.
The "Vast majority," he be-
lieved, could find homes M. the
Arab states but there must also
be "a commitment by Israel to
accept a limited number of token
repatriates?
Cites Talk Will, Nasser
The Senator reported that
President Carnal Abdel Nasser
of Egypt had indicated in an in- :
terview that "both the problems
of passage through the Gulf of
Aqaba and the Suez Canal for'
Israel ships and shipping intend-
ea. for Israel could be handled :
peacefully."
"In the ease of the Suez Canal ,
he reiterated that the matter
might be settled in the World
Court," Ube International Court
of Justice at The Hague, the
Netherlands). 'His language was
moderate and non-belligerent, al-
though he did say that any Arab
leader that tried to negotiate
with Israel for a peace settle-
ment would be shot.'
Senator Humphrey recom-
mended that. the United States
try to reach the people of Egypt
without condoning President
Nasser's extremism by releasing
frozen Egyptian assets and ap-
proving an application by the
Committee for American Remit-
tances Everywhere (CARE) to
use surplus foods to feed 3,500,-
000 to 4,000,000 Egyptians a
?
Assets rut at $40,000.000
About $40.000.000 in Egyptian .
assets have been kept frozen in'
he settled in the Jordan
I alley re the proposals made by
tie Johnston. for joint develop-
Lent of the river by Israel and
I se Arab states were accepted
? the Arab states, Mr. Johnston
the special Presidential rep-
resentative on Arab-Israeli water
On the Israeli side. Senator
umphrey disclosed that Pre-
ier David Ben-Carlon had told:
lam in an interview that Israel
' voted be prepared to admit a
I railed number of refugees who
t elect pledge to become con -
rective and productive Israeli
c tizens and not embversives."
urthermore, Mr, Ben -Curios
s id, 'Israel has already dis-
osed its willingness to compen-
s ate the refugees for property
1 ft in former Palestine: the
I hiked States has. offered to
ad Israel the money."
The Senator's proposal was in
. with the thinking of a nuns-
'He of responsible United States
caficials who see in the current
c ara in the Middle East an op-
yertunity to tackle this most
e facial of Israeli-Arab issues.
Direct Negotiations Pressed
The tallied States in Senator'
iimphrey's opinion, should use
s leadership to being about di-
Net negotiations between Israel
nd the Arab states tor a final
reace settlement.
As one way of combatting
emmunist penetration, he ret-
dated his project for the
admatioa of a Middle East
Jevelopment Agency composed
el Middle Eastern and contra
eting states. It would operate
ithin the framework of the
ratted Nations to finance &wel-
1 patent plans and also to "work
cut a solution to the whole
'alestine-Arab refugee prob-
am."
Of the Israeli Premier he
'rote t "He is a man of courage,
'sten, intelligence, and deter-
siltation, and he has a sense
f humor."
Of President Nasser he said:
On a personal basis Nasser was
oth polite and ingratiating
'rem all I saw and beard I
at sure that Nasser is not a
Communist, I am equally sure
NOWA to The New Yu: k Thum
CAIRO, July 4?Egypt's Do-
tense Minister flew unexpectedly
to Saudi Arabia today, His mis-
sion reportedly was to try to
ease the grain an relations be-
tween Saudi Arabia, on the one
hand, and Egypt and Syria, on
the other.
The Egyptian official, Maj.
Gen. Abdel Haklin Amer, was
the only passenger in almilitary
transport plant. His trip was
seen as another step in the ef-
forts Egypt has been making to
pull together the Arab alliance
behind President Gamal Abdel
Naseer's policies of so-called
positive neutralism.
On paper, at least, General
Amer is still the joint comman-
der of the armed forces of three
countries. The alliance also origi-
nally included Jordan but was
seriously split when King Saud
backed the Jordanian monarch,
King Hussein, in his fight
against pro-Nasser elements and
their Communist supporters.
The Egyptian and Syrian Am-
bassadors in Jidda., Saudi Ara-
bia's port capital, bare had long
discussions with King Saud re-
cently in what was believed by
Arab diplomats to be attempts
to find means of regaining the
one-time confidence and friend-
ship of the monarch.
CPYRGHT
Chicago Ttbvno
JUL 3 1957
World Bank Will Lend
for Roads in Ethiopia
PARIS, July 2 illeuters1 ?
Cleavage Is n
The rift between Syria and
li Arabia became Mint bit.
bin. after the Serlan Minister of:
lot 'rise, Khaled el-Ann, last
th openly denounced King
au I and the leadascus press
Nig n alms& I
daily attacks
aga net him.
A though the Egyptians have
se just as angry about King
awl's support of King Hussein
and Ills apparent leanings to-
at I the United States, they
law not openly attacked him.
It was clear, however, that the
r ins hoped Xing Saud would
ma e some .ebneession toward,
rnf y.
Having been virtually agitated
Nce the rest of the Arab world
nee. use thee? neutralist policies
s promoting Soviet perietra-
t on into the Middle East, Egypt
tint Syria now are working in
osa concert to Cry to convince
I in e Saud, at lease and through
1 an the other Arne states, .tiot
I ea unity against Israel is more
t rg nt than ether East-West
so .5,
typtian and Seder. military
I acids all week have been in
c es communication to nap
r an of defense against what
t tee have said is a large build-
f Israeli armed forces near
t e Syrian border around the
Lak ? Halm area. Neutral oh-
s briars here belteve there is such
'I' eat.
inc or.to bank nas Jest
tm-
opia 15 million dollars for ex-
tension and improvement of
1 its highway system. No new
'road has been built in the
,country since before World
I War II.
however, that he is undully n.aive
aboue the menace of COMMUN-
ism, both ;agile Egypt and jal
the entire. Middle Eastern areaa
aNasser's obvious pan-Arab-1
Ism. could easily drive hint into!
further conspiraterial entangle-
ments. Be was much morel
persuasive and balanced when,
he discussed his plans for dove)-1
aping Egypt's domestic econ-'
omy."
N. Y. Timex
5pEYRGHT
BRITONS OUT Of JORDAN
Last Soldiers and Airmen Go
From Port of Aqaba
AMMAN, Jordan, SLAW I (Flu
sritain pulled her remaining
soldiers and airmen out of Jea-
n today.' tea weeks ahead of
chedule
A Royal Air loam contingent
oft the airstrip at the port of
(Abe and the 1.700 soldiers at:
he Aqaba bate began boarding
e troopship Devonshire.
Ironically the Devonshire wilt
she them home Sunday through
he Suez Canal. She will be the
liist Western troopship to trait.
it the canal since the Suez
Isis last fall. Last March Brit-
in and Jordan agreed to end
no pact whereby Jordan had re-
ived a $33,000,000 annual sub-
tidy and Britain had the use of
nilitarv bases in Jordan.
34
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CPYRGHT
Approved For Release 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-00756R000500130067-0
It T. Tirima
1r67
fI6 SLAIN, 40 HURT
AS EGYPT VOTES
5,000,000 Ballot for Lists
Hand-Picked by Nasser
for New Parliament
flit r\[w Orb Frisco
if aU lnlv 8iott
1 'Aar:, fm' countia
tire rlianter ,
or earithilates was Min 1;1
riet by the legime of Pre i-
r.Gainal Abdo' Nasser.
siratirren petsons were report di
itted and forty injured aft rrio
twat tribesinen began pushi ci
rata another trying to vole
r "ins go or Qerm in norm;
^it, 250 miles south of Cain.'
Thu tr.la the only major ir.
dent reported by tim rdinistry if
Interior in an otherwise lanIQA-
11:r quiet election.
The Wives nment. encrterdtlr t
:qVrra pet ronN had been t r-
est ed at nsoui a, near t
Ilona 1 nwn rDamietta, for Ts
tiil the electmu boruil."
Washington Post
JUL 5 1357
Santoro Battle Waiver, Disease
CPYRGHT
5000 Iranians Killed by 'Quakes ,
'Mon Caspian Sea, Majlis Is Told
PYRGH
TEHRAN, Iran
?
:tub, 4 LW--A of devastation totaled m or
aid more than 5000 Iranians
vere k k 11 e d by earthquakes
Tuesday In one mountain slope
and coastal area along the
Caspian Sea.
Reports from there said sur-
vivors are battling wolves, sick-
'ness, thirst and starvation.
The area is 75 to 100 mile
'northeast of Tehran, across the
towering Eibur ar, Mountain
range, and about the same dis-
tance from Soviet 'Turkmen!
sten. No quake repohts bar
come from Soviet sources.
Iran announced official'
ear tier in the day that tb
known qua ke dead for th
ivhola 501000iquare.mi1a are
Deputy Ami
settling much
area. told th
house of Path
cauce MoSt viii
of devastation
Amttl and Habil
or communicat
?aliment was t
greater death t
A Governm
quickly replied
ports indicat
well above the
nounced earlie
The Geyer
edged that aid
yet reached tno
ravaged part
el Reports aa early as last Tines.
day night said the qu a kes
struck en a 500-mile arc from
the Soviet Azerbaijan border
on the northwest to south of
Tehran to Soviet! Turkmen on
Nuri n rctpre
f the stricke
II
Mall!! (lowr
ent) that be
es in the areri
wenn anen
have no road
ons the Gov
aware of th
it sprakesma
that later re
the toll wa
500 figure an
ent ackhow
teams had no
t of the quake
northern. Iran
? the northeast.
a They said all Iranian ports
I. and villages on the Caspian
s were devastated awl iMpltert
- the adjoining Soviet areas
e doubtless were damaged sirni;
Early. '
fl Amut and 'labial. the most
- accessible of the mount In
s slope and coastal towns, are
farm and industrial centers.
The area sloping down from
1- the nearly 10,000-foot heights
t et the Efburz is a freakishly
-, subtropical land that. produces
!Lampert Ind cotton
T. Times
_Firearms Ban Defied
1S
Tile Emiernment had stric r p ' . , i 7
) i
forbidden the carrying of lior:f "A ' PHAN PligLIAMENT
arms, traditional in the inc-n
ortinitive villages of
However, acconhog to the 111 r -
(stnv report, small arms via r
brimght into play at Qcna tierce r.
liedicenterl could break upt
I melee.
II was unofficially estima I --11
kit oar cent of the reetstoi 1e
own end wont en voters east b -
, in I lip 270 constituene I;
there was a, contest, II-
I w Tr P!): lug cart Mates. 4
T, ?Ong took place in the seventy,-
five constitueneies in wh
113ral-pialcir1 candidates Wu'
nttraffitically seated without ,t
;position,
In Pee ether rerirlitialIC Ii
th14.1 4' lvar.: no voting because I
pesticide:in candidates hal bren
disqualified as 'IflJl: byt 7.!
ta,a`.111iln EXaal.aiVa
+if flip nalVly fortrad Natter
Dump, which is. to he Egyp
only hody ?iudrr Pr C -
dant Naraal'a ChairlIlanahip,
Although the electien proitu
ft holiday s t mos phere, there w
a genera! firOlilig of apathy. Ea :1
f the final total of 1,160 can -
ides (several dropped out at
he hist minute) hail been ease-
fully sirreened as reliable sr r-
porporr. of the NOTTer regime
a number of Communists us__ s
stricken, from the lists, but t
handful of their inost artlega.,
slinka-men were assured of sth th
in the new 350-member Paul !-
meta.
?
Breause of all this, the el
Lioncampaigns became more ,41.
less mere popularity contests
which (rapt+ aspirant tried in
outdo the other in proclaim
his faith in President NRSSe
mit lona IPO, positive - neutral rt
doctrines.
Dor the first time ir Egy ? ,
menus% and members of t
aroma forces could ve ,
it the wealthier districts cl
rails). and A leisa , kart?
arosPcrs of women went to 'NA!
orrik An poorer districts and in
ail/ages, where tradition kert_s
vacuum more strictly bound
hcarlAptintVedflEOF Releaa
fluLr
napoo,.
lawns Were five women clan 1 -
dis PS for P2 rliament? Pro r
!Haan Fannin?: In Cairo, Most 4 f,
k he men one talked to tri Ie;
CPYRGHT
it. All sixteen rnembet of Nas-
Cabinet and fifty-two other:
illwarts of the regime were dc
area elected without an election
ter their would-be opponents had
en scratched.
Why did Nasser enact this farce ?
lie all Fascist or Communist Mo-
tors, the Egyptian dictator feels
rapelkd to pay tip servicc to de-
locfacY4 though only to cloak his
!Autry with its trappings. His
etato follows the Miller pro-
Egypt1)13st! . rosnir IUILV
tary to a Nazi-tyre dictatorship
: ander the same manageinent when
President Nasser supplemented his
tithing plata wilh a band-picked
sham Parliament otheion in A. na-
tional election that was a mockery
of the democratic process, Like the
national plebiscite, of last year, by
Merlins of whirl] Nasser Pier:Led hint
Self President: rigainst no opponent
and with 09.9 per cent of the tot,
vote, this first parliamentary doe-
tion after the overthrow or King
Farouk is also hailed in official
liropaganda a he freest and clean-
est election in Egyptian history,
:which does indeed reek of fraud and
corruption, Ent just haw free and
clean the election was Cal be judged.
thoni the conditions under which it
was held:
1. Thet e was only one party in
the field, Nassers own "National
I Union." All other patties have been
[ suppressed,
2. All potential opponents were
barrivi from running. as 'enemies of
the stale" and only those were prtp
it t,o witue eandidateS %OM
could "prove" that they supported
Nasser and his
3. Despite this, half ot the mit*:
na! 2,500 emendates were thrown
out by is. M1Saer 'screening commit-
tee as doubtful, leaving it tal the
voters to choose between those who
shouted more or less loudly in favor
of Nasser.
street e and pelting places dirt Pon
give them much of a chance of
winning the required absolute.
majority.
The ballots bore distinctive;
!signs next to the names cf thel
candidates, such as a camel, al
wateh, a palm, or a tree. ThiE
was to help the large number of!
2 0:2107122qt1A-RDP664075
their 011oire., Voters took their
ballots into crudely improvised
booths and marked them in what
appeared to be carefully guarded
serrerr
T. TI..ta
titt,,YSIC frit Only la..,paf.1, 10 :t Sat
servient'Perlimmatt bet also in
sprat to general oolories, includim
41 t;lt'1S1rIormadowil in Ms imibitice
fortpaltit rab ianpirli. his disrega
trerittr obligations, ma c,Npula0]
tif foreigners and seizure of the
properties, even in bia compact laiN
Moscow. One oar( ()lily hap" lb;
Waa.C.111 attengils to '`do busines:
with bini xviII not hear results Iil
those Mt the case of Ili tier,
JUL 5 1957
JEWS REASSURED
IN NORTH AMIGA
-----
Tunisia and Morocco Grant
Freedom of Emigration,
U. S. Group Is Told
k'
?THOMAS V. BRADY Atm! tr/ The New York tivoc,.
ItABAT, Morocco, :Tidy 4-
ego
ish Committee has received as
StirtillceS here and in. Talliaia that
the principle of freedom of move-
ment-iswhich !swans individual
enng,ration-anill be maintained
in the two newly independent
Countries of North Africa.
The throe - man delegation
headed by Irving 1ff, Engel of
New York, president or the
American ?Jewish Coin t11 ttee. loft
Casablanca today for Paris en
route to the United States, The
trip has Included visits to France,
Italy and Israel as wen as Tu-
nisra arid Monocrat
Martin Ciane, a Los Angeles
lawyer, and Alien M. Stroock 0
Nev York, chairman of th
with kr. Engel. Their ciadan [ra-
tion IS known its non-Zionist in
its r.upathlirs.
CPYRGHT
Thn members of file dc legal ion
satci fiebila 114iu3'imitia, Tunisian
rainier?, had afrilited them in a
flifloyrniiliute ml (review that, his
country NIS determineilto dein-
that ihsvs could live in
harmony with the rest of the
people in tit overWhelmingly
Moslem hind,
But he added, according to the
delegoliort, the "citizens of Tu-
nisia must he first and above all
AP hough Mr. TErntrralilla 11
14101N n. hI K yultrIrtion
het there must he no discrim-
on against TAIllth-.1an
hi Government has in/baited
t sympathy for 'Zionist ata
ro it propaganda in To-
Ohio the national, Ownie-
" and in aceordance" w Rh the I
1 or independent Tuna,.
religious ClaltUral and
aI arrtii,orlons wHi eer-
y be able lo ran 1,7 Oil their
act vities, Mr. P.ouroudia told tile
arsi station. 'Ile added that arlaritH
ing tin., lemilly-rocognized Jewl
ish community orginiration to
isia's new goVernment strue-
u would present no serious
c,
1.14
Ti
hloni, provided Memtership in I
ountinity was limited to:
iHin citizens. This question.
bee '.0 u or the long-stand.
-oast's:Mend recognition of;
S ewash rartnninity within
ititisian state,
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
tprovg (r Release 202/07122 :falik.RDP65-00756RoWeftitinene
JUL 3195? J'iL 5 1957
IIIAL OF MOSLEM Denies Britain Receives -
Eiyatian Peace Proffer Bomb Blast DainayearA
LONDON, July 2 [Reuters
lina LULLIWCU AO a U.S. Consulate in Algiers
CPYRGHT
AROUSES_ ALGIERS
onviction of Tribal Chieftan
Will Bar Rebel Contacts,
French Sources Say
Sy HOMER BISABT
seethe to The Nat tort Tima.
ALGIERS, Algeria, July 4
preach from Egypt for re-
sumption of diplomatic re-
lations, a foreign office spokes-
man said today in reply to
questions at his daily press
conference about a television
interview last night In which
typtian President Nasser
s Id he wanted to return to
rmal relations with Britain
pia es- aaai L1J
int/tete between Frenchmen an
re Algerian nationalist move
.ent had become virtually un-
',risible as a result of the con-
etion last night of one cif the
vat distinguished Moglems in U1.. 5 195?
Igen.
The trial of the Moslem, Bei- yria Links Spies to Britain
Raga Abdel ?Katy flo?tateb, a DAMASCUS, Syria, July 4
tenter delegate to the Algerian
atonal Assembly, had at' y that they had unerliiitered
acted wide attention here. The a py ring allegedly working for
achaga (tribal chief) was ac- t e British Embassy In Beirut,
wed of having associated with anon. A spokesman mid
!astern rebel leaders and of t, rec members of the ring had
wing hidden bombs in his b n arrested and would have a
ruse, itary trial. He identified
Last February, acting on in- em as a Lebanese formerly
emation from a Moslem, th played at the British EM-
rench found eight bombs eon y, a Syrian lawyer and a
ailed in a walled-up corner
house.
Says Ile Aided French
IL Y. Times CPYRGHT
The Bachaga denied having
we knowledge of the bombs
Lying he was frequently away(
can home. As for rebel con-
eta, the Bachaga contended he
ad been entrusted by high
tench officials on the staff ofj
obert Lacoste, French Minister`
r Algeria, to communicate with
le rebels and discuss cease-fire I
erns.
Though widely regarded as a,
arm friend of France, the'
achaga was sentenced to ten
!ars' imprisqnment. He is aj
iseendent of the Emir Abdell
mkt, who led native resistance;
tainst the French from 18301
1841.
French source, including a'
ornan Catholic ptiest, said con-
Jets with Moslems had become
ghly dangerous as arty as last;
misery when weurity 'forces!
wan arresting Frenchmen on
iarges of associating with
!beta. Among those arrested
ere two priests who later were
pleased after a protest from
teir Archbishop.
Some of the prisoners admit-
itt they had given refuge to
toslems who were being hunted
y paratroopers of Gen. Jean
.aseu. They said they had done
ifs to save the Moslems from
inures
General Massu is security chief
Algiers area, and all local po-
:e are subordinate to him.
French Horne, Searched
The paratroopers searched
!vend French homes looking
sci as a result of this harass-
.ent many Frenchmen who sup-
)rt the Moslem independence
.overnent fled to France.
No visitor can stay very long
Algiers without hearing about
te "house of torture." This is
re Villa Sestsini, large white
.uceo building: that in pre-war
Lys housed the German eon-
'late. It is on a hillside above
se port and is surrounded by
irielous gardens.
The grounds are enclosed by
ails topped by barbed wire and
hart customs guard.
FIDAV5akiLly 4 --r bomb Feeling
exprixteu Irma) in Inn
States Consulate in Al
The blast caused no
ties. It occurred in
floor hail of the Consula
lag on Rue Michelet
p. m. (2:55 p. ne, EDT
There was immediate
latinn that the bomb h
'planted by extremists
the French papule
Algiers.
e entrance is guar-deny pata-f C
opera with tommyg,uns.
A few days ago at a rendez-
us in downtown Algiers, this
respondent met a Frenchman
o said he had spent several
ys as a prisoner in the villa.
"I was among twelve or thin.
Frenchmen taken to this
ace and systematically tar-
red," he said, continuing:
"We were arrested during the
bruary -March round - up. At
Da Sesini we were put in small
rk cells with neither windows
artificial light and nothing
it Mats on the floor.
'They wanted me to inform
a Moslem friend. They took
e to a pavilion on the grounds
here they trussed me tying
y hands and feet together be-
nd my back.
'In this position I Was hoisted
a pulley and tarried out or
pool of water. I was dipped in
e pool and kept submerged un-
I I was nearly drowned. This
called the bathtub treatment."
Allege* Electric Burning
He said he was later sub-
ted to electric shocks. Cur-
ents were shot into his body
mm a portable dynamo, he al-
ged. He said he had received
uperficial burns.
The man also said he had been
itten by a German shepherd
og set upon him by the guards.
He said that after eight days
Villa Sesini he was taken
o a paratroop camp outside Al-
era and held there until the
arks of torture had disap-
ared. Then he was released.
The Frenchman said that while
e was at the paratroop camp a
mmittee arrived from Paris to
nvestigate accounts of torture
hat had appeared in the Paris
ss. All the paraphernalia of
orture was removed from the
ills. Sesini during their visit.,
e said. A Government spokee-
n announced tonight that an
nternational Red Cross team
just completed a fifteaday
ur of forty-eight prisons' and'
oncentmtion camps in Algeria!
ad would report its findings to'
Approved For Release
S. T. Times
JUL 4 1957
United
United States has run high in some
es !French circles here since Sen.
1?' .1 John F. Keneetty's (D-Mees
Mail speech urging independence' for
third-: this rebellion-wracked territory.
build-' First reports said the expel-
7:55" %ion caused insignificant dam-
age.
The bomb bad been Flitted in
specte
been front of the third flier offices
among of the Consulate, Which was
Ion Of closed for the U. S. national
I holiday.
CPYRGHT
EISENHOWER WARY
ON ALGERIA POLICY
U. S. Is Trying to Be Fair
and Decent, He Asserts?
Paris Reaction Sharp
PYRGRY----
WASHINGTON, July 3
n ejection.
The rejecticra was coupled with
nsistence that the French first
again Algeria's right To in-
lependenceand hue hc-varit of Nes
Meal Liberation as the provi
ional Algerian Goverunsere,
'enator Morton continued.
"It ie.:evident that no Frence
overnfnent could survive if it
eceated such terms," the Sena
'-
r asses red.
Most Arab diplomats in Wash c
neten who could 'oe reacted!
eicomed Senator Kennedy a
gestion enthusiastically. Asa
ed AhniRci Zabareit, charge
"Mires of Yemen, raid it Wit
beautiful speech by an ruel
mar."
e French Embassy trim, 1
speech "an intateelaaffair!
rz the Senator and the
ited States Gooterestent "
'We are rather touchy on ea-
ts of competence." & seek:a-
n added, "and bellows that we
ye full competence in Algeria?' (
The suggestion or senator Jorm
F. Kennedy, Democrat of Massa-
chusetts, that the United States
press France to grant indepent
enee to Algeria aroused no en-
thusiasm in President EisenhoWer
today. Some Members of Con-
gress strongly disagreed swab
Senator Kennedy.
The President said thearniter
States was trying to he decent
and fair to both sides--the Frencn
and the Algerians ?and often'
worked behind the scenes in such
r controversies.
President Eisenhower noted(
that Secretary of State Dalks
had said about Use same thing
at his news conference yesterday.
The President said that there
as nothing More complicated
than the Algerian question and
that the United !Rates, in play-
ing the rote of a peacemaker,
should notebegin to shout about
such thinks or there will be no
effectiveness."
(Miler Assails Proposal
RepWseatative Emanuel Geller,
Demograt of Brooklyn, who
ij
chair/'man of the House Judiciary
!Committee, also took Issue with
ISenator Kennedy. He said in a
statement that the proposal "at
this time is as immature as it
ie unfair."
t Senator Threston B. Morton,
?'Republican of J Kentucky, said
American pressure for Algerian
independence would "jeopardize
the prospects" for a "liberal
solution" by the French them-
selves,
Senator Morton, a former As-
sistant Secretary of State, said
in a Senate speech that Algeria's
Front of National Liberation,
the leading rebel organization,
so far had rejected a "no-
strings-attached" French offer
Of a cease-fire to be followed fro
Path h YRGHT
By ItenaltST Ulinfrf
spresig to it, New 'N
ARTS July 3?era b
ilfinister suggested
Senator Kennedy Vta,,
cii-
aging Algerian rebels In
ong their bloody rebellitai.
I don't know whether Mr,
nnedy has nights without
httnares." said the minister,
tire Moiler
What I know well," he con-
ued, "is that this will result
a great increase of innocent
Wes and the prolongation of
razna that would have been
g ended if so many of our
hinking friends had weighed
ir words or their acts. It is
blood of others that pays I
their errors."
A published stater! nt by
ques Sonstelle, fen Croy-
or General oi edged e said:
"The initiative of Senator
nedy, if it Were followed by,
rge part of the Congresa and
the United States Govern-
nt, would produce as an in-
itable consequence a rupture
tween France and the Unit-
States--an extremely deep
eak."
This was about as far as any-
e here went. Most other of-
leis and a majority of editorial
mentators said Senator Ren-
y's motivation was political
d noted that Mr. Dulles hail
o aptly restated the United
ates official policy of monist-
vention in Algeria.
CPYRGHT
Approved For Release 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-00756R000500130067-0
Wash. Evaing Star
. MIDDLE EAST REPORT
JUN 3 0.1957
CPYRGHT
American Prestige Grows in Arab Countries
By H. B. SHARABI In these recent developments the
BEIRUT, Lebanon.?Since the so-called "street" (or the politicalla
aiii?leriiikamelewpasattatatgasses of the population)
lent fall there hag been a steady did not is against the new align-
trend in the Arab countries toward
R subtle realignment, with regard
to the East-West conflict
An important factor underlying
this tendency is the fact that the
choice now is no longer between the
"West." RS represented by Britain,
France and the United States an
the one hand, and the "East" as
tepresented tay Communist Russia
and her European satellites on the
either. but clearly mid simply be-
tween the United States and the
Soviet Union. The direct commitnts of America and the USSR
in the Middle East have created a
new atmosphere in which it has be-
come increasingly difficult if not
impassible for any Arab govern-
ment or political group to avoid
taking a clear atand in the cold
war.
Commitments Made
-Positive neutrality" in or Arab
world today no longer means what
Egypt and Smite would like it to
mean Each nation is committed
one way or another to one or the
other M the two world tamps
During the writer's visit to this
area three years ago, the situation
Was funda.mentally different. In-
ternational communism was not
even viewed as an important factor
in determining Arab attitudea iwith
the possible exception of Iraqi, and
ment, d ispite bitter Egyptian op-
position Intellectual and profes-
sional !bides backing Egyptian
President NEISSOCS policies in the
Arab word seem now to have seri-
ous doubts regarding the genuine-
miss of Egypt's Arab nationalism
and he intentions in the Arab
world.
Then doubts are primarily caused
y the clumsy, heavy-handed ac
-
tanks of Egyptian diplomats in
the va ious Arab countries. For
extampli , the details of the Egyptian
Militatid Attaches activities in
Jordan published in Amman and
given v ide coaerage in the Arabic
press, c eatcd a wave of resentment
which vas plainly evident in the
recent .cbanese election.
The bold, outspokenly prO-
Wester i stand of the present
regime, hi Lebanon, backed by the
electire victory, is based on the
followi ig three points, which sum
up tin spreading conviction that
American interest in the Middle ,
East o !era the best hope forrefibyReckpfrbir 0,iisport protium. of modem
Middle East lijitory at Gat town" ;int
naii oc ohOlt
Contemporary Middle East"' Re u an *
three-menth tour of the Middle East.
progress- And- Itidependenet-
? The United States Of America is
no longer partial to the claims of
Zionism and M terms of the Eisen-
howett doctrine constitutes the best'
gUarantee against Israeli aggression.
iThe sending of the 6th Fleet during
the Jordan crisis is cited as proof
of America's determination to pre-
vent Israel from expanding at the
expense of her neighboring Arab
countries,i
? The United States is not an
imperialistic power, and has no
designs to dominate any Arab coun-
try; the is rather the Arab beneath
against the return of French. or
British irnperalism to the area, and
Is the only guarantee against Com-
munist subversion Or attack,
? The United States is the only
nation in the world both willing-
and able tiYaid hirge-seale economic
development in the Arab cisuntims:
she is ready, under the Eisenhower
doctrine, to suPPla the Arab coun-
tries with vast financial and tech-
nical assistance without imPtiaging
on the independence or sovereignty
cf these minute&
_
the West Mottled sitnply the im-
perialist powers of Britain and
France and "pre-Zionist" America.
The change brought about by the
mutual stand rif RusSia and the.
United States during the Suez in-
vasion has acted upon the two
most sensitive problems of Arab
concern, namely, Israeli expansion-
ism and direct or indirect Anglo-
French imperialism, In Arab eyes
both Russia and America stood in
October-Noirembem 1956, for the
cause of truth and justice in the
Middle East. But present develop-
ments seem, to show that of the
two stands the American is by fat
the more radical in its effect, for
despite the fact that the Soviet
Union has scored significant politi-
cal and psychological gains in Syria
:Ind Egypt., the new Eisenhower
policy has been a curbing influence
on anti-Arnerican, anti-Western
feeling.
A new air of growmp, confidence
is evident, especially in Saudi
Arabia, Jordan and Lebanon. A
v militant spirit has resulted
in concrete steps to stem pro-
Communist movements and at the
same time move into closer co-
operation with the United States?
in act which only a few months
ago would have created wide-
spread disturbances and caused the
immediate collapse of governments.
This change is perhaps best
demonstrated by the new rap-
prochement between the three
Arab monarchies of Saudi Arabia.
Iraq and Jordan, King Saud's
sisit to Jordan last 7 eek has
sealed the new Riyadh-Baghdad-
Amman triangle, thus creating a
itew Arab pro-Western. anti-Com-
muntst alliance riabich mast-ssen..-
APPES)v%016fig rS1i71#031# -a4/P7/22
Libya and possibly lamisia and
Morocco,
Manchester Guardian
JUN 2 5 1857
INFLATION IN MIDDLE EAST
Trade diverted to Eastern EurwRGHT
By our Financial Staff
e crisis over Suez 1at autumn
ha caused some inflation . in the
Middie East and has led the countcies ?
in the area to divert some of their
In e from Western to Eastern
according to a survey of
cc nomte developments in the Nliddie
'a a that has been compiled by the
Tfl ited Nations in New York. Thew
the more general economic
CO' Isequences.
'he direct impact of the lighting in
Cc ober and November, 1956, was
s mrtlived and quickly diffused?'
Di ect material losses from the fighting
fel wholly en Egypt, except for the
lea ;es of the Israeli farces in Sinai. It
parneulany in the field of transpo t. and Included airporta, aircraft,
to as. military vehicles, railways, and
ln (Mating equipment used in operating
ft Suez Canal, Indirect losses to
Kadin resulting from the military opera-
tic Is were also "unite substantial."
lacas of incense from canal services was
at an annual rate of PELL millions.
I Joss of secondary intome was also
su istantial. After the withdrawal of
r tish. and French troops the Egyptian
Gavernment started a construction and
Othslic weeks programme in Fort Said
wri lob relieved unemployment.
losses
Tr rael also suffered economic losses
ft m the preparation of the campaign
purchases of arms, from the slow-
d 11 in production due to rnolothation,
ti emillor the eakiggn itself, the
1c4ffa'FabtOQZ.5
fa I in receipts from tourists. These
AOAQQ.1130116
rrroirrin,
re anut g
prices to rise.
The report sununarises the ways in
which Egypt was able to continue
financing foreign trade after the
sterling balances hat been frozen by
the :British Government. Credits alee:ad
built up on bilateral a/mounts wttii East
European countries werc drawn down ;
by India. Indonesia.
end Japan, these countries accepting
Egyptian pounds or deferred payment
for their exports to Egypt ; arm Mr
People's Republic of China evened a
cre.dit M40 million Swiss 'Pianos (trict
millions) to he]o Egypt inty fry import s
from all sources. In addition. Egypt
drew 515 millions from the laterial-
thrift' Monetary Fund and obtainer a
credit of 515 millions from Sauer
Arabia. In these ways Egypt. minim Lir
to MallnthIll and even I it Cdtt
holdings of gold a rffi do tars jr Me last
quarter rif 1956
Drop in toil out pu I
' Except for oil, the to:unity:les of die
Middle Emit .lo not make much use of
the Suez Canal for their own trade,. The
consequences of xis closure were feL
most by nime distant countries and by
the off produeerk Oil production lei
very sharply, the worst Mt being Iraq,
owing sm the destruction of the pipe-
lines. The least affeeted was Persia
which Sig: t On to the refinery al
Elabreitt to replace supplies from Saudi
Arabia.,
But although ell protuotion n!ll
sharply, the oil producing countries
were not MU th infected neenomically
because they ware able to draw on
accumulated reserves. DeTeopn1etLt
programmes were maintained, The
pgation has appeared in Egypt, farina.,
the Lebanon, and Syria white last
forebign exchange resources ,of Saudi
etrin h
been strained.
cithyRrytil For Release 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-00756R000500130067-0
Washington Post
JUL 5 1957
FAR EAST
Red Chinese Minister
Admits Role in 'Plot'
fra60:15p?='. I merits or Ruffin.
its I In criticizing the Soviet
ENING July 4?Co
Union, I have made wrong real-
Mamie, such as saying that
alms MmisLer tnang nem n It lough she possessed heavy in-
said in a confession publish' d lathy, she was lacking in an.
today thathe and another nit"- c ent culture."
Communiat Minister had Pa. lilltudent In London
voted "Anglo-American dorm Chang admitted that he had
raey" for Communist Chin; 'f irmed an alliance with an-
Chang also said that "the e o her democratic leader, to
heads
might have been occurrent. I Lung-chi, who the Tim-
Tear Industry Ministry. This al-
A Hungarian affairs" early isatt, I anee, he said, was made "only
month as a result of tensirn f r the sake of our individual
among some university st ambitions" and was in
f vor of Anglo-American de-
dents and other people in the
n ocracy.
Peking area. So far, Lo has not replied to
(Existence of an anti-Com- c iticisma of his attacks on
rounist group of intellectua itiimurtism. Ile knows the
in China was mentioned tort"! Vest well, having studied at
e London School of In.
in a speech to the Nation I; intnie
s.
People's Congress?Red Ch ? In 1927, studying under the
na's Parliament--aceording h irte Socialist Prof. Harold Las.
the Communist New Chi k he prepared a thesis nn
News Agency. ISitish parliamentary govern.
(The agency report, mar resent. Ile submitted this for a
tared In Hongkong, quoted d gree at Columbia University,
President Li Ta of Wuhan Un ? New Ynrk.
versity as saying there was -a : Chang said he had been ale
plan to organize a party of se - It (Med to know that early in
eral million intellectuals t J ne there had been tion hi
struggle for leadership of flu seine universities in the Peking
nation.) it ea and that some dissatisfac.
'Serious Sin am had arisen on the part of
, bah students and .people and
Changs confession was fte-' there might have been occurtured today on the front pagn mimes of Hungarian affairs" If
of the Oficial Communist Pi- these two groupk had Joined
king People's Daily and othe farces.
Peking newspapers. He ma"' : Chang denied' he had Issued
it at a 'fleeting yesterday of th a v sort of order or instruction
ruin Communist Democrati i welch m I g ht have started
Party of which he is chairmar fl figs moving when be knew
It was the first confession h the situation sizes tense. He
a "rightists" Minister of a M ded; 'Itj were ever found
tacks on the Communist paraa tt have thine so I should be
Chang admitted he had stcom w Ring firundergo greater pun-
mitted a serious sin in politics. II iment.".'
He added. 'I admit that Observers here believe there
am an ambitious man amont is no immediate likelihood of a
bourgeois right-wingers. Sine rn rge. ,'Individual Communists
the 20th Soviet Communis ate adsmant that no such thing
Party Congress On February la intended. It le tilt/light that;
1956, when Stalinist method: if rinblists make a acceptable]
were first attacked), I have de ; emfessions, they will be for-
nied the revolutionary streng9 fglren. 1
of the Soviet Union and tht
N. Y. Times
JUL ,5 1957
TAIWAN AIDE WARNS
cpf MyESTRATEGY
CPYRGHT
Ne TisNg
OUL 4 19'17
REDS LINK DULLES,
CHINA'S RIGHTISTS
Peiping Paper Calls His Views
on Eventual Freedom
'Fantastic Nonsense'
By TILLMAN INTIUMN
sordid to The New York tbee
HONG KONG, July 3--sec
a wo State Duthie was linked
M Peiping yesterday with "righte
ist" elements in mainland China'
who recently have criticized the
HAMILTONN. July 4
Communist, party and regime.
the Peoples' Daily, a leading!.
Communist party organ, said
Mr Dulles hoped that these ele-
nfl
te' "WOUld work in cooreitnaH
[kw with the United SliarS to:
ove throw China's peoples' dein-
am tic dictatorship and rebuild
Air irican colonial rule."
3 le newspaper bracketed Mr.
k WO
?Nationalist China s Ambassaa
&no the United States ealti to-
day the Soviet Union was using
"nuelear diplomacy" to keep
non-Comnuinist nations neutral
in the cold war."
The Ambassador. Hollington
Tong, declared at the ninth
annual Foreign Policy Confer-
ence at Colgate University that
this diplomatic offensive' also
had caused some forces "to
seek to push America into the
camp of appeasement."
"I have in mind," la mid, at
least one Senator who has pub-
licly urged negotiations with
Red China, looking toward even-
tual recognition by the United
States." He did not name the
Senator.
Mr. Tong asserted that "fears
of a nuclear war are being suc-
cessfully exploited by Russia
and are attracting more and
more non-Communist nations in
the East and West to the band-
wago not neutralism and ap-
peasement."
Approximately 1400 delegates
from forty countries are attend-
ing the five-day conference,
which ends tomorrow.
,
it IP not CPYRGHT4 CPYRGHT
JUL 5 1957 - r
-- JUL 9
5 Tokyo War Criminals Freed is
_ 5 1;7
seism, to Th N.. Vork Tata
TOKYO, July 4--The last five
ta um sit daNnese war crunc-
nals convicted by Australia were
released today from Savona
Prison. This reduced the number
of war crimineds still held to
sixty-three, all of thetas convict-
ed by the United States. It is
reported here that Washington
has agreed to surrender "cus-
tody' of these prismiers to
Japan, but there has been no
sPecittriptsovottti
Red Guns Down Taiwan Plane
TAIPET, TAWS.% July 4 UM?
,assuicaic gAnnttill OAAL4.
aircraft gunners shot down a
Nationalist F44 Thunderjet
fighter early today, National Air
!Force headquarters announced.
A communique said the fighter
Ltin
Was one of a small group on rou-
e patrol over the Taiwan
irormosal Strait; It was hit
While flying near the Nationalist
fortiNeleat
811D6/122A.tiarrtgrOS 0 756R000500130067-0
IL T. Thins
JUL 5 1957
CHOU COURTS JAPANESE1
Reported Urging Tokyo Act
as Intermediary With U. S.
C pligpiniellillievr Yeek Tim.
TOketaily 4?Chou En-Igi
aa .coaawo alnlay e.U. Laeo ,o1J
group of visiting Japanese

F
Japan could act as an inter-
lechery to bring the United
States and Communist China
loser together and avert war.
The Chinese Communist Pre-
mier was said to have described
Japan's role as a "bridge of
peace across the Pacific." Mr.
Chou's remarks were quoted in
dispatches to Japanese newspa-
pers.
At the same time however,
Mr. Chou charged time?
United
States with fostering plans for
war against Red china. Re said
Washington would attempt to
drag Japan Into war on its side.
The antidote is for Japan to
recognize Red China and then to
sign a nonaggression pact with
It.
Dul es and the "rightists" in ail
editerial answering the Seca
,-
tar of State's speech in San
Francisco last week. Mr. Dulles
defended the continued rawer.
ogn fon of the Peiping Govern.
men by the United States and
said that Communism's rule was
stri t conformity hi China was
'a assing and not a perpetual
Pha It?iit. Dulles told a news con-
fennce in Washington yester-
da that he believed in and
working for the eventual
pez-ceful liberation of the
Se let and Chihese peoples.
He said he was confident that
the trend toward freedom in
the Communist world was a
base truthl
-Acheson Theory Recalled
Calling Mr Dulles' views a
"fantastic dream," the Peiping'
newspaper said his references to
individualists in China indicated
he was reviving the theory of
his predecessor, Dean /Wiesen,
that so-called "democratic in-
dividualists" could be relied upon
to overthrow communism in
China.
The newspaper belittled the in-
fluence of critics within China
of the Communist system. It
aid that the rightists among the
hinese bourgeoisie and intent-
,pntsia renewable "poor lash
ashed ashore by the tide of
racialism in China" and de-
: Dime! Me Dunes as also "a
helpless fish wriggling in a dry
Lama"
The critics referred to by the
People's ,Daily are Racks% of
n inor parties who are members
o the Peiping regime as sub-
ordinate associates of the Con-
n unists.
Approved For Release 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-00756R000500130067-0
CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
Washington Post
5 1957
Cuban Troops
Moving for
Showdown
IfiliVAN A, July 4 NNS'a
eneeremeet 11r
tL
Caen province of Oriente a pp
peered today to be preparing
rnr a showdown with the rebel
iorcp c F girl Castro.
Uneffilhal reperts from San-
I lag? de tuba and Mtunanille,
largest cities in t he rugged I
Sentheastprn province, told of ,
troop, tank and plane move-I
ments.
Police Mathew and Other
ilcwettunent, buildings were
paid tie he sandbagged, Pearling
I n report t Castro may be
pl a ening In lmaneh an off en,
sisie of his own,
II fan sermeh for rebele was
enneern riled in an area where
Delve seeped arms and 15 men
in a raid inel Sunday on a
farm nen h cif rasa tef s bead.
mercers le the Stern Maestri
tome amps, Asses ire ed Press
repet ter!,
In Snyanut i ta (trier' prey
int?, police seized 15 bombs
int a new holism Oriente is the
;mauler et opposition In the
regime of President Fulgermin
Batista, ne Cuban was
wounded in Guanl enema when
s bomb explociertl
A repari front Palma Sod-
nn, near Santiago de (Atha,
ireopa had clashed with
Spil young reembers of a rehell
organieation and had arrested
the Mayor a the town who,
ris a mem bee nf the group. '
ripens said 01 patirtitt:t;
ltr c,in he moved have been
raenaled tram hospitals in
l'alina Soriano and Santiago,
WESTERN HEMISPHERE
Washington Post
JUL 5 195/
?Peronists Tear
Down U. S. Hag
cPYRONT
lisneisin AIRES,
July 4
CPYRGHT
N. Y. Times
4 1957
CUBA BOMBINGS GO ON
Cache of Dynamite Is Seized
?Radio Program Banned
rr Err The. New lork TLmr?),
HAVANA, July 3-- Scatterer/
IMjII 01 o01) CIL If II r. 1/1 .re
Ming Per onist slogans
aped down a ?Ce tilted Slates
lag last night. Police scattered
r inob wile clubs and I ear,
S and restored the flag toI
steal on a loyal branch of.
New V lark bank.
Sevend. tpersons were arroSt.
The demsitts; ra toes ' were
it or a crowd at Et rally field:
f011esrers of leftist preste
ilia! ea ed d Me A rturn Bram:
g, who is bidding openly foe
le from the follneirrs of
d &cite or Juan Peron.
he rally, Prandial's
nouthpiece, Raul Demonic Tap
Hie a Racked P' imperialism"
the pro-American re:gine,
at previsional President Pedro
krambuit.
N. Y. Times
JUL 4 1.957
NEW TARIFF RISE
STIRS COSTA RICA
Pigueres' Decree Protested
in Assembly Debate--
Auto Cost Doubled
fly PAUL P. KENNEDY
seem to The New York Tann.
SAN JOSE, Costa Rica, July
CPYRGHT
IL Y. Times
JUL 4 ml
THE DOMINICAN MYSTERY
N. Y. Times
JUL 4 1957
3 01/IT CHILE'S CABINET
Ministers Oppose Government
Decree Setting Price Rises
FY SH1
Vr))rk TrimPer
TIAGO, Chile, Suly
AlItLdun rer ;?.3101:41.t reoigrieu
today in protest agahmt Goy)
ernment decrees raising the
prices of certain foodstuffs and
services.
The three included Jorge Ara-
vena, Minister of the Interior
Oscar Pinochet, Minister of
trtincts, and Roberto Muftoz, Mitt-
1 ter of Health. All are members
of the Agrarian Labor party.
The three ministers plied con-
tended that the price increases
might. provoke public
President Carlos Ibanez del
Campo appointed Francisco Ryan:
as Minister of Health end fe-
nnel? Garees Minister of Lands.
N. Y. TitianPYRGH
JUL 4 19E7
Peruvian Paper Reopened I
SrirN1)1Yritlrer Yri).
LIMA, Peru, July a La Tr
t4Wlirties or the regime of Plied-
dent enteencio Batista OrrUntr
Ithroughout Cuba during the kis
tw pint y-frmr hours.
Eon' b eXplerder! in various
I owns. In Pinall Del Rio, au-
thorities seized a atche Of dyna?
neie, uses e nd other banal,.
fui king in:delink.
Tbe Minfster for Cammiimicas
Rainon alasconcelos, sae.
itaiiiisit the riszt sive ii-ecw..gi
Loh() lootoams f "Batons the
Ort) g socials that
Isla! rownIR Marie fliarillg last
prngralat had distinbest
'the public geace.
Incii.LewLauvc lesammany
re began a debate last night
President Jos?igueres? tare
increases, a matter likely to
come a Presidential campaign
he later this year.
The President by executive de-
e ee increased from 50 per cent
t 109 per cent the import duties
04 more than 20D items, inelnd-
i radios, household appliances
a id automobiles,
It was said officially that the
love had been made to conserve
the natioree dollar reserves. As
of June 1 the national gold and
dollar reserve Was redtleed to
$21,300000, which was 12,000,000
less than nt the same date in
1956 and $8,000,009 less than int
1955.
The decree raised a storm of
protest from business, generally/
and automobile hammers, espe-
cially. Critics saki the action had
been taken without proper con-
aeration and that it: would im.
pa I' the national economy rind
ra-se prices. The debate in the
Assembly is merely to air feel-
s over the matter, inasmuch
as the Presidential decree a1
re dy is in effect.
rant Bananas, Figutares Sap;
'resident Pigueres, whose Ad-
annistra hen has experienced fire.
ell int clashes with business, made
lint. of the protests. In an inter-
y ttit he mk
said, e a Hying
eTlitiurgnerbey uhaint
w i ie.
pe eine nice things, hut why
do they go out and plant he-
naeas for a living so that the
co !litre can make dollars
et dad of spending them?"
Dealers En American auto-
mobiles have protested that the
tariff increases are discrinaina-
my_ The new iMposfs call fur
A graduated rise, both on value
and according to weight. The
new tariffs will almost double
he delivery price on some heavy
utornobiles. Deelers cemplain
int the Increase will give an
warranted advantage to light
uropcan cars, which in recent
ears have gained rapidly in
des.
Approved U?Riglgig
JUL 1957
Sign Puerto Rico
Bill to Subsidize
Political Parties
SAN JUAN, P. a July 1 gf,
a
?
Puerto RICO'S political parties
and limiting the amount of
money parties can accept front
pliVate contributors. The goy-
eminent will pay out more than
11.000,000 every four years to the
three political parties.
Heeler the In, each party will
get 175,000 in each non-elect,*
year mid $f50,000 in an election
year. Individual private contrail-
thorn are limited to $4,00 in a
XVPAPP.13? 749"n all
cninplished in the slow out relent-
less process of unearthing the truth
a.bout the dieappearances of Prof.
jeses do Gatindez of Cotembia Uni-
Versify the young American
pilot Gerald Murphy, 'So tar as
Generalissimo Trujillo, dictator of
1,` a Dominican Republic, is con-
futed it is a Mee backward. or at
least he has, sidestepped. Ee had
been is sis ed by mar StaM Depart -
to titt the diplomatic hunin-
ii
ar of the former Dominican Con-
il ri New York, General
paillat, so that he could come to
e United States In testify. Gen-
1 Trujillo retused.
This is by: ne means the e,nd ef
tie catty.. On the contrary, it clears
way for another move by the
.t.e Departinent, working in con-
OrtiOn with the Department of
Neither itt the case of Do,
indez rio! o Gerald Murphy con
I e Atneriean Government allow pe
P t{? to reniain Wasolved, The
plumbia teacher, a, distinguished
mtnittll Basque scholar, was
atched from the heart of New
'Stork City on Merck 12, 1.956. Mur-
y chtlapiteared in the Daininieen
?republic on Dec. 3, 1056. In the
iter case the American authorities
convinced that the Dominicans
we t false version of Murphy's1
sth. The State Deparintent be-
yes there is sufficient evidence to
the Iwo eases.
In the dretuhstrtnees and ctmeht-
ing how greatly public opinion in
is Western Ilisinisphere has been
mated. 1 is ()befalls that the nut-
nuist be pursued indium:. The
S te DepartMent needs no urging,
it otearty keeping op the res-
t 'me affair is in the assids of
I. grand ;jury in Washington which
developing material, furnished by
I Faders' Bureau of Investigation,
American Embassy in chided
eine and the Now York police.
emething ewe well cisme of this
estiganwa sisiriag the mailmen It
obvious dies that, we cannot ex-
coogeration from Ole Dornin
n Government.,
CPiTestRGHT
iiti
JUL 3
IL S. ship." Brazil
Rio DE JAN MB 0, July 2
Pe -k ferr ind Mt' ',hi, Ion
tcship
TO\ rr, ei p air )1111
Itrilf) (Mr-11'0r rrIrr Fil ;It NI
rfp r) Inr1
ircor )1- le Pistil Pielil !lieu
rend t.alre me'erime, Mid
01] (II I HA)
ritionit , tt e a Oo, I d :he
t
CPYRGHT
St Louis POO?Dispatch
Appalled Fdr Release 2002/07/22 : CIA-RDP65-00756R000500130067-0
CPYRGHT
British-Held Islands on Doorstep of U.S.
BeineFonned Into Nation, of West Indies
3,000,000 to Enjoy
Self - Governm e n t
in Commonwealth
System.
BY DONALD GRANT
A SUIT Correspondent of the
Post-Dispatch,
(FIRST OF A SERIES
BRIDGETOWN, Barbados,
JOY 1.
British Guiana, still suffering
the after effects of that crisis.
will not immediately become a
member of the West Indies
federation though leaders of the
new nation hope it may join
the venture later. Gelana Is to
hold an election next month
which may be a test of the
continuing strength of the Com-
munists there lead by a former
Chicago girl named Janet
Japan.
Race Conflicts Involved.
But in a world which can be
circumnavigated by airplanes
and guided missiles In a matter
or hours, the political effects of
an event like the formation of
w nation is by no means Uni-
te the immediate area. One
le circumstance of this new
ra is expected to have esper
y wide reverberations.
ore than 90 per cent of the
le of the West Indies are
S people by United States
aids. The non-colored,
le mostly from the British
, have been the rich and
pin rful ones here; the colored
peo le have been the poor
wo ers.
w the governing powers
are being assumed by the ma-
jor' y of the people who are
col and poor though most
of t e large plantations ho, these
ag ultural islands ore still 1
ow d by the white .1ninority,
whi either Bye here as they
hay for many generations or
in s me cases are absentee land-
lo? living in London,
is b a situation in many
wa comparable; to Algeria. ,
wh est this eminent a bloody
and cruel strangle Is in prog-
res between tlye French settlers
and the Berber and Arab
peo le. It is even in some ways
to ?arable to the Union of
Sou It Africa where a white ma-
nor y discriminates rigidly
ga st a colored majority, ale-
yi tonlat majority even the
rud tub of self government.
ifferenees of Opinion.
0 efof the most notable di!.
ter ees between Algeria and
Sou Africa on the one hand
and the West Indies on the
oth. ns pointed out to the
Pu1 Dispatch by Sir Grantley
A 3, the Oxford-educated
mi man who Is Prime Min
-
of Barbados. The history
tendon he said, and to
ge extent of the other is-
of the West Indies has
for many years one of a
of minions sent out from
process of establishment fte
here, a federation of British- sin
held tropical islands just south ' nat
and east of continental United l eta
States. Preliminary work is go-
lug Bernard in Barbados and peo
next winter the 3,000,000 people! col
of then blends will merge their no
national Identities in what will I peo
be known n the West Indies. ,
The West Indies will enjoy I
a large measure of self govern- ,
ment from the outset and within
a very few years are expected to
achieve full self determination
as a commonwealth, either witb-
in the British system alongside
Canada or, if the people choose
It, outside as in the case of
Burma.
What is happening in these
flower-decked end sun-drenched
tropical Islands Is a part of a
larger process going on all over '
the world. Formerly subject
peoples everywhere are moving
toward self government, In peace
as here or in violence as in '
some other areas, and at the
same time they an seeking
higher living standards?In Asia,
Africa and here in the Western
Hemisphere.
Important to U. S.
For a great many reasons the
United States cannot ignore
this process, especially here on
our own doorstep. The West
Indies stand guard over the en-
trance to an area of consider-
able strategic importance, in-
cluding our own Gulf Coast. the
Panama canal and the shipping
lanes for Venezuelan oil and
Iron ore. During World War
lithe United States used sev-
eral of the islands as bases and '
still holds an important naval
base in Trinidad, one of the is-,
hinds in the new federation. ?
it b precisely this base, called'
Chaguaramas, which the netv
West incites nation has picked
tentatively as the site for its
new capital.
Neyerthelese it b United
States policy to encourage for-
mation of the new malign and
self determination of the pee
-
pies in it. Not only Is opposition
to colonialism a histork United
States policy but at this par-
ticular juncture of lilstory the
orderly transfer of power from
empires across the sea to the
people who live in a given area
As believed to be a move which
can serve to [gestalt Commu-
lust exploitation of the colonial
Issue. This area already has had
a taste of such exploitatien in
British Guiana, where Commu.
nists in 1953 gained political
control which was only broken
by British troops.
RI
Ian
bee
ter
Lon on to try to teach the
pia ere that the slaves have
In f et been set free."
F net, on the other hand, is
em eying nearly 500,000 troops
wa e side of the "planters" in
Alt la and the full force of the
Sou ? African government is
asei against the Negroes there.
11 the experiment In the
Wes Indies succeed, or will it
'e is t in more eruptions like
hat n Guiana? Or in a gradual
co mic and political disinte-
a
"1 has got to work" said Ed-
NozIglia, a well informed
on American foreign service
fi r who is United States
ons 1 in Barbados and the
an ng Amerman diplomat in
his area.
' MEM white plantere on Bar-
bados. however, are convinced
that self government* the West
Indies will never wiark although
they do not (merits, oppose it.
"In the end," said one wealthy
planter whose family has ban
on the island , 'for nearly 300
years, "Canadd?Or the United
SlatesneWIllw , ave to lake over?
if
He as car ul to add that he
did not tel[ to be quoted by
name. a
. Governor Is Hopeful.
The Walsh Governer of Bar-
bados, feir Robert Arundel!,? a
professional Colonial Office civil
serene was quietly optimistic.
' 1.,expect it won't always go
perfectly smooth," he said, "but
then people have been %winking
into self-government for a long
titan On Barbados at any rate
there has been 5ome kind of
self-government since the be-
ginning, Of course, at first it
was exercised mainly by the
planters and only relatively re-
cently by the ordinary voters?
Sir Robert, who began his
career some years ago as e Co-
lonial Office district officer in
Africa, smiled as he recounted
some of the changes he had
seen in the colonial service.
Our conversation took place in
the spacious living room of Gov-
ernment House. Through the
open window looking onto the
garden could be seen a magniti?
cent flamboyant tree in full
scarlet bloom. Small birds flew
through the room as we talked,
perching for a time on the elab-
orate chandelier.
In the old days," said the
Governor, we had pretty full
control of things M our dis-
tricts but n I have grown more
senior I have been giving up
authority until today I am fairly
much of a figurehead,"
The colonial governors In
these islands are not, however,
without considerable influence
and in an emergency they ears
exercise more than a little au-
thority. If present plans
materialize, however. these gov-
ernors will In fact be little
more than honorary represent
haries -
ceratmsoonfthe Queen at official
The find step will be taken
In December or early January
when Lord Hallos arrives In the
islands to begin his term as the
first Governor General of the
1Vest Indies. Tide will activate
the new federation end the new
nation will be officially In
I te
The senond step will take
place sometime early next year
when the first federal election
will be hed. Each island will
select by popular vote its rep?
resentatives to a House of Rep-
resentatives. The lloilse will
have full federal legislative
powers excepting that the Gov-
ernor General reserves veto
powers on certain matters, nota-
bly foreign policy and defense.
Other powers will be reserved
for the separate island govern-
ments which already enjoy self
rule on most local matters.
Perhaps the greatest signifi-
cance of the creation of the fed-
eration is that the government
in London officially has stated
that the Sederation will hell.
late complete self-government
lngly the islands could be but
t e smallest of nations, but en!-
'actively it b hoped they can
I a hieve both political and eco-
nomic viability.
Teo Political Units.
There are 10 units in the
new federation. These may be
ate or a whole group of islands.
be one seems to know exactly
how many individual islands
a m involved because the terri-
t ries include many small
C limns of uninhabited rock-s. as
well as the largest island, Ja-
r aka, with an area about that
e Puerto Rico and a popula-
t on of 1,500,000.
Islands in the new federa-
t on are grouped in the 10 units
ce Antigua, Barbados, Donain.
a, Grenada. Jamaica, Mont.
Serrat, St. Kitts, Nevis and
I nguille?the three comprising
cm unit?St. Lucia, St. Vincent
red the unit of Trinidad and
',ohs Notably absent from
t ais list are British-held main.
Lind units of Guiana and Hon?
flirts which Send Observers 1C
i!deration meetings but hays
tnme to no decision about join,
ge,
At the moment the new na?
n, the West Indies, visite)
consists of no more than a Sc
rakes of makeshift offices in t
rew school building hg Bridge
teem, Barbados, offices sep
riled by temporary beaver
board partitions. Here is as
t-nribled a skeleton seeretaria
a sexne men anti wnmer
trom eit Oyer the d'.:AteiS.
A deeper look :3 necesseri
t I see the roe:My?and Mu
blems?of thr Wester:
e "sphere's neeS1 nation
aalti414"0:417RGHT
JUN 9 19:57
La Prensa Sees
Rio Per Plot
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? 4C
Buenos Aires, Job I (ife?The
newspaper La Prenst muzzled
for five years by the old Peron
regime, charged today the e>
dictator is using halt of South
America as a base for a drive'
to return to power in Argen-
tina.
to PIT11511, accused exiled
juan D. Peron of having
organized commands in five
countries ringing Argentina?
Chile. Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil
and Uruguay.
But it said Venezuela is
mainly responsible for the
Peron plot to overthrow the
provisional government of MO,
Gen, Pedro AraMb1111.1. Vette?
zuela gave Peron asyluth after
he was ousted in September,
1955:
La Prensa said the Vene-
zuelan capital of Carnes is
where "the supreme command
of sabotage of destruction and
of subversive works is in-
stalled."
La Prensa, whose fight
against Peron in MI natal-tie
an epic in the annals of press
freedom, said Uruguay un-
covered last week a Feminist
subversive plot (Pere against
Araminuto and ordered
Peronists jailed.
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THE CRISIS IN COMMUNISM
A collection of items on the confusion in Communist,
ideology and the resulting disaffection and deser-
tions from Communism throughout the world. ? Ma-
terial will be reproduced, under this heading from
time to time as it becomes available.
The Belgian Road to Socialism.
by. Alois Geri?.
?
I hay,- left [doe Belgian uommunist Party (BCP) after 17 years as a
member. I had to take this step in order to remain true to Myself and
La ay former fellow members.
I still believe in Marxist Socialtmn? just as I did before.
I no longer believe in the BCP. I. have gradually become convinoed
that the IICP nen no longer play a single useful role in Belgium, with a
view to the establishment of J. socialist regime. The Belgian Communist
Party emerged from the underground in 1944 as a strong party and one
deservedly renowned, but this party has now definitely lost or rather
destroyed its opportunity.
I am now convinced that when the party act/gross meetina in Vilvoorde.
in December 19514 made an effort to alter the course of the party it was
already too late. The mistakes had been too serious and the ?line" had
been too bad. At that time the BCP had already separated itself from
the Belmian labor movement and was completely isolated. It was already
too late for the party to renew its contacts with the working class and
the serious efforts whieh were afterwards made by militant, devoted and
honcat party members could not Produce any results.
The BCP has become a small, powerless faction. It stands outside
of the workers' movement in Beldium. It has lost the confidence of the
Belgian workers. Anyone who thinks that in spite of everything the
strucle for socialism and peace is still possible within the ranks of
the ICP is wasting his time and energy.
Personally I wish to carry on this struggle within
Belgian labor movement and as a member in good atanaing
do not wish to fool people anymore. The clincher about,
done for, as far as I am concerned. That is the reason
the ranks of the
of this class.
the Ivanguard" is
for my resianation.
There is, however, a second dnd equally important reason. I am a
liberal, that is, a convinced adherent of free investigation. I reject
cvery dogma, every Talmudism. I wish to think independently and to retain
OY fre1d.om to criticize. I do not wish to be suspected of having surienderec
my freedom of thinking. This?susoicion will ultimately weigh down upon
anyone who remains a atember of the BC?.
In spite. of the resolutions of the 20th Congreas of the &did, the.
PCP continues slavishly to parrot the. Pravda; the Soviet leader, and their
actions still remain sacred and everything they say is apparently gospel
for the leaders and the press of he BOP. Such an attitude is not only
anti?liberal; it is neither Marxist nor Leninist; it degrades man and
impoverishes his mind. I wilTh not participate in this and neither will
the Belnian workers. It is larmely for ohis reason that they have turned
Lir backm on the RCP.
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41 "
CRliFiG4slaForRelease2002/07/22:CIA,DP65-00756R000500130067-0,
in Belgium the road to secialism is through the Belgian Socialist
Party (B3P), or, to express My opinion more exactly, through the mass of
the workers organized in the, BST and affiliated organizations.
In the maturing of this new conviction the resolutions of the 20th
Congress of the CPSU held:in Moscow in February 1956 played a very great
role. These resolutions do not contradict what I have written above.
The 20th Congress passed many good resolutions. Among other things it
corrected many mistakes. And it emphasized - and proved for those who
needed such proof - that the CPSU can also make mistakes.
Among the essential points which have qualified the 20th Congress
as a genuine congress of renovation, I wish to mention: 1. the demolition
of the Stalin cu1ta/20 the thesis about the different roads to socialism,
and in this connection, 3. the changed attitude of the Communists in the
Soviet Union toward the socialist parties.
The thesis *but the roads of the various countries toward socialism,
or - as Marc Pieisto stated in i.e SOir - the thesis of "socialist pluralism,"
expressly pointed out that this socialism can be reached along other roads
than those pursued by the Soviet Union.
This thesis is actually not new, but one which had fallen into oblivion
under Stalin. Marxism has always expressed the opinion that different roads
to socialism: are possible and even inevitable, because of the internal and
external cenditione in whit any country may find itself at a given moment.
Jean'Jaures wrote in 1902: "the social revolution is being accomplished
among each of the great people of modern times by means of an autonomous
movement" (in La Petite Republique, 2 January 1902).
On the eve of the October Revolution Lenin wrote: "All nations will
attain to socialism, this is inevitable, but this will not take place in
exactly the same way in every nation. Every nation will make its own
contribution to one form Or another of democracy, the dictatorship of the
proletariat, and the tempo in which the socialist transition is brought
eh:eft in the various domains of social life" (Collected Works, Volume 23,
page 58, Russian). '
The thesis of the socialist pluralism was applied by the Yugoslav
Communists, hence the breach with Stalin who appexently wanted the soviet
experiment copied everywhere.
This thesis is also being applied with visible success by the People's
Republic of China?'which is pursuing a policy of peaceful reorganization of
private industry and commerce.
' Finally, and this is once more "creative Marxism in action," the
People's Democracy. of Poland is now resoluteey proceeding along this:
way. The Polish leader Gomulka, *ho was once arrested as a deviatiZniste ,
has made a brilliant come-back. A plebiscite ?lathe Polish peoples
supported him.
Nikita Khrushohev stated in his report to the 20th Congress: "It
is not true that we regard violence and civil war as the only way to
change society." There is also the parliamentary road, the way of the
parliamentary majority. In this regard Khrushchev stated.: "Socialism
has become a great magnetic force for the workers, the farmers, and the
intellectuals of all countries. The ideas of socialism will dominate
the minds of all of working humanity. At the same time the present
situation offers the wOrking class in a number of capitalist countries a
real opportunity for uniting the overwhelming majority of the people
under its leadership and for guaranteeing the transfer Of the decisive
means ofproduction into the hands of the people. TheSrightist bourgeois
parties and the governments set up by them are increasingly suffering
fiasco. Under these circumstances the working class has an opportunity
-(by uniting about itself the working farmers, the intellectuals, and
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all patriotic forces, and forcing back the opportunist elements which
are finable to oareender the policy of compromise with the capitalists
and landowners)- to inflict defeat upon the reactionary forces which
oppose the interests of the people, to gain a stable majority in
par1im7ent, and to change thin parliament from an organ of bourgeois
democracy into a genuine instrument of the will of the people."
This assuredly does not mean a conversion to reformism. The problem
dealt with concerns the form of the transition to socialism. The main
thing is the content of this transition, and for all Marxist socialists
this content remains the socialization of the essential means of production
and the establishment of the government of the working class, a government
which Marx and also the Ruaregnon statement of principle of the Belgian,
Sacialist Party called "the dictatorship of the Proletariat," a terminology
which is now somewhat obsolete. .
At any rate there is no doubt about the fact that the acceptance
of the thesis, first, of socialist pluralism, and second], Of the
parliamentary road to accialiem has brought the CPSU considerably closer
to the socialist parties. It was accordingly all the more normal for
the 20th. Congress to emphasize the desirability and even the necessity
,for improving the relations between Communists, and soeialists and for
overcoming the dangerous division of the international labor movement.
Thinking thaings through logically, all of this means that the struggle
which the BCP io actually waging against the DSP makes no sense whatever.
In a country such az Belgium, in view of the objective situation and historica:
(ambition, we mast see to it that the BSP obtains a parliamentary majority
and that this majority is used toward establishing a really socialist regime.
Neither of these, however, will be brought about by continuing to support an
impoverished, totally isolated and discredited little Communist party'. It
is hitbag to affirm: 10 that the cause of workers" unity is horeby served,
and 2. that this contributes to the reinforcement of the leftist, Marxist
trends in the ESP.
The thesis which Khrushchev - proceeding from a realistic view of the
international situation and of the actual power relationships in the various
countries - formulated coriectly, in our opinion, has implications not only
for the PCP but also for all Communist disruptive little parties which assume
a.position over against a strong socialist party and which have rip held on
the laboring nares. The. problem iaquite different where there are Communist
and socialist parties of equal strenght or where the working class is
represented by a strong Communist and a weak socialist party.
The 20th Congress of the CPSU also began the demolition of the Stalin
cult. This demolition, which was actually begun immediately after Stalin's
death, was sealed at tho Congress by the secret report of Khrushchev. In
view of the reactions in the entire world and first of all, in the other
Communist parties., the CPSU set forth its standpoint in greater detail in
ancther important document; the resolution of the Central. Committee "about
the victorious struggle against the cult of the individual and its consequences
adopted in July 1956.
That which we remember from all of this material is that Stalin was
a tyrant, who respected no one, at least during the last years of his life.
In this regard the highest party authorities of the CPSU decided to tell
the truth, no matter how unpleasant.
43
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CPYRGHT
aaresiad613, yelePHISirnip22,ydpeselapslinserM6ROP06043(1390S5c4Ohim to pu his personal
4"17diStiedla place of the normal course of justice. He did the t tnking for
.eveeyone and he was always right. He withdrew himself from criti ism py'no
? longer calling together the regular party authorities. This attilude resulted
in a number of judicial crimes and mass repressions and it also led to a general
sclerosis and paralysis of the initiative of the masses and of creative thinking
in every field. Such an attitude was completely in conflict with Marxism and
(not least) with the example of Lenin.
People may disagree with some of the things contained in the secret report
of Khrushchev and they may dispute the way in which this report was; brought
to the attention Of the World; at any rate, the report remains a great
liberating act. And there is little sense in wanting to start a fight against
the terms "Stalinism" and "destalinization." As a result of theOth Congress
these terms have eimply become standardized. The Belgian Communist know very
well the term "Stalinism" means. It has resulted in the wrecking of their
party.
Does the use of these terms mean that henceforth there ae two kinds
of Communists and that there is a threat of a new split within the labor
movement?
Not at all, unless some want to cling obstinately tolthe deviations
from NerximmpeLenihism branded by the 20th Congress. Thie really seems
to be the case with the leadership of the French CommunitSt Party, which
has assumed a grave responsibility by opposing the neceSsaey destalinization
and democratization, and not in France alone. In thipsregard and in connection
with the discussion about this matter, the SCP ? which had an opportunity to
show that it can still think independently ? is otanding nowhere; or rather,
it is once again etanding on the wrong side. Among/other things the BCP is
continuing to speak of mistakes " and "miscalculatiOns," and sometimes of
"serious adstakes and miscalculations," but every thinking person, every
Belgian worker knows that the things involved were Outright crimes and
violations of justice.
The sclerosis' is making headway. The theeketical schematism for
beginners is making headway.
What do I think about Hungary?
' Dcenot expect me to express a definiteland convinced opinion in regard
to this 'tragedy at: this time. ram still without a sufficient knowledge of
the facts and the Matter is far from simple.
I have of course developed an opinion on the basis Of the mass Of reports,
pro and con, and on the basis of my own appreciation of the events.
As far as the course of the insurrection is concerned my opinion is the
following: at the !bottom there was -Oustified and practically general state
of dissatisfaction, which nevertheleas did not in the beginning threaten -she
people's democratie regime. In part; however, as,a result of the weakness -
and the blunders of Nagy, the reactionary and clerico?fascist elements assumed
the leadership of the movement and/introduced, a kind of white terror which was
directly aimed against the socialist achievements in general and against the
Communists in particular. The seepe of this fasicis terror is to some extent
underestimated in the Vest. At any rate, the result was that persons such as
Janos Kadar thought the matter over and began a different course, that of the
defense of the people's democraey with the aid of the Soviet troops.
This intervention was undeubtedly a very regrettable matter. I think .
this decision must also have been a painful one for the Soviet
Wffprnmnnt, in
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view of the policy introduced by the 20th Congress, but that there were two
kinds of considerations which tarried ? the scale:
1. considerations of a military nature: rte threatening of the entire defensive
position of the Soviet Union in Central Europe;
2. considerations of a political nature: I do not think that there was a
betrayal .of the destalinization.. To the contrary, I believe that without the
interference of the Soviet troops the destalinization would have run into
difficulties. It stands to reason that if Hungary should irr.ie been lost as
an allied nation the unconverted "Staliniss" would have raised their heads
everywhere and would have caused a great deal of trouble for the new course
of the Politburo. I believe that this view is confirmed by the fact that
Gomulka and the Poles got their way, sot:that "Hungary" did not destroy every
hope which the 20th Congress had aroused.
It me be so free as to an almost prophetic article of Blaude Boardet
in the 18 October 1956 issue of L:Observateurt, prior to the tragic develop-
ment in Hungary, which concludes as follows: nend, my Polish and Hungarian
friends, do not throw out the socialist baby with the dirtyStalinian bath
water."
The future alone will show whether the interference of the Soviet troops
in Hungary has saved socialism and. peace. If this proves to be the case,
then that interference was the least of two evils. 14hen all is said and done,
however, I cannot forget that the Hungdrian.tragedy and the counterffrevo]ution
were possible only as a result of 10 years of terror and folly, as 4 result
.of the fact that incorrigible 4Stalinists" such as Rakosi and Gena whO were
hated by the people remained in power until it was too late.
That this was the great, the initial crime cannot be emphasized enough,
if similar dramas are to be prevented from occurring elsewhere. Socialism
is not an export commodity and it is particularly no terror. (1)
(1) I will gladly set forth in a followin: contribution my views on the
problem of the unity of the workers and of oexistence on the world
scale.
S.5
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0