CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK

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• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP91-00965R000300110037-6
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• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 5, 2003
• Sequence Number: 37
• Content Type: OPEN

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1959
? CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE 10359
The stbIfl would rmlt social se-
curity :beneficiaries to more money
on their own, and still able to draw
benefits. ? _
Under present law rson may not
earn More than 11,20 a f and still
receive his full social urit lent-
An original purpose ,.f the 1 se-
curity law was to f t.itat.e the v. 1-
draws' of older worke from the is
force. This law was itten in depres-
sion times. Young ? aPle, hungry for
lobs. Moved into the w king force when
their seniors retired.
The so-called earni s test, the ceiling
on outside income, w one way of ac-
complishing this a of discouraging
older workers from c tinning in their
jobs.
Clearly, the emp of our social se-
curity programs has aeged since those
days.
The bilis I introdu today would ac-
complish there p
First. Raise from 11,200 a year to
$1,800 the amount w ich can be earned
as income without ction of the bene-
fletarto eligibility f full old age and
survtvorg insurance etirement benefits.?
Second. Permit w?v-kers who postpone
retirement to accu. late extra pension
credits for use whe they finally do re-
tire. At present, e average age of
first entitlement old-age insurance
benefits is about 6 to 69 years. In-
creasing benefits to; persons who delay
retirement after ? would provide an
Ingentive for older orkers to continue
In productive emp yment as long as
they are useful. esently, these indi-
viduals simply lose 4ie benefits to which
their years of em loyment under the
system would hay, normally entitled
them. My bill p an increase of
one-fourth of I pe ent for each month
of delayed retire nt, or 3 percent a
year.
Third. Prevent a ual loss of income as
a result of staying t the Job Past retire-
ment age. Under xisting law, it is pos-
sible to lose mor in benefits deducted
as a result of o side Income than is
gained from the tside employ inent it-
self.
The 85th Congi took a halting step
toward removin4 the discrimination
against older workers created by the in-
equitable earn1n test. In the omni-
bus social securi bill passed last year.
Congress raised prom 180 to $100 the
monthly limit on utside earnings which
a beneficiary cot4d make without losne;
a month's benefl. Thus, a bill whit it
I. along with ot ers, had previou,ls of-
fered was enacte into law.
and further im rovement outht to be
But this was ; minor cliamee nicked.
made. The ? te Finance Committee,
after thorough consideration of the
earnings test 1954, made this report
to the Senate:
Sionthly ben ? under the old-age and
survivors system are paid upon
the retirement ? death of the family earner.
Consequently. law proirides that benefits
Lit not payable persona otherwise eligible
ter bseents' have substantial em-
piornsus oe -employment owning,. as
determined u er the retirenwint test set
out in the att.
No. 10S---2r
? .
St
Your committee seeks to ins.Intain this
principle, but has determined that certalia
amendments should be made VO to the
equity of the retireroent test and to afford
greater opportunities to tented ladivid.rals
to supplement their benefits through earn-
ings front part-time or intermittent
I believe we should more toward these
reasonable goals now
The VICE PRESIDENT. The bills
will be received and appropriately re-
bills, introduced by Mr. Cass .of
sty, were received. read twice by
Co
their
and referred to t.le m -
fiance, as follows:
to emend sree.e. 203 of
tin'
per
to in:?rea.se e
per-
incuridusis are
suffering deductioue
New
Mitle.' on
S. 221. A b.
the Social Sec.
expo, n t of earnir,
inItted to earn withon
from their benent R,
8 22:15 A bill to amen
Social Sec ur it y Act to pmol
for postponed retirement; and
S 2227 A bill to amend section 2
Social Sekuritv Act Pio as to preeent I
Ty
!tie TT of the
xtre. credit
)1 the
Of
Income by beneficiaries because ef deduc-
tions from benefits on account of the
charging of earnings.
CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK
Mr DOUGLAS. Mr. President, on
behalf of the senior Senator from New
York !Mr Javrrs1 and myself, I intro-
duce, for appropriate reference, a joint
resolution to provide for the de:4;nation
of the week following the Fourth of
July as "Captive Nation.s Week."
I ask unanimous consent that the
joint resolution_ may lie on the table
until Friday, June 28, to enable any
Senators who may wish to join as spon-
sors of the joint resolution to do so.
The VICE PRESIDENT, The joint
resolution will be received and appropri-
ately referred; and, mahout objection,
the joint resolution will he on the desk,
as requested by the Senator from Illi-
nois.
The joint resolution (S.J. flea. Ill)
providing for the designation of the
week following the Fourth of July as
"Captive Nations Week", introduced by
Mr. DOTTGLAS (for himself and Mr.
JAvitsi, WAS received, read twice by its
title, and referred to the Committee on
the Judiciary.
Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, des-
pite all the talk about more talkathons,
whether at Geneva, the stunmit, or else-
where, sober minds throughout the world
cannot escape the contemplation of basic
issues that divide the world. Mere
symptoms considered at Geneva or at a
summit will not assure LIN the basis of
peace with justice. This concentration
on symptoms?today Bei lin, tomorrow
soructliln; else?plays more and more
Into the poker hands of Moscow. To our
OA 11 advantage, not to say in behalf Of
truth, at these conferences we should be
relating these symptoms to their basic
causes. This, unfortunately, we are not
doing, and the impression created by us
throughout the world are not favorable
tons.
The most basic of issues is the con-
tinued enslavement of the captive na-
tions. It is this issue that underlies the
so-called Berlin crisis. It is this issue
that will be at the foundation of sub-
sequent crises manufactured by Moscow.
The Berlin issue is an inseparable part
of the larger fame of a free and reunified
Germany and this larger Issue is but a
part of the general problem of the cap-
tive nations. Yet at Geneva and in offi-
cial quarters little if anything is heard
about the captive nations. The very
cause of our international crises and
tensions is perilously overlooked. This
situation has developed so that count-
less thoughtful minds in this country
and elsewhere are beginning to ask: "Is
this the preliminary stage to our eventual
acquiescence in the permanent captivity
of nations in the vast Communist
empire?"
Careful analysts know that ever since
the launching of the sputniks, the Rus-
sian colonialist. Khrushchev, has sought
a summit conference to eke out such
Western acquiescence. The Berlin crisis
was created as a means to obtain a sum-
mit conference; And at a summit con-
ference the very omission of a serious
discussion about the liberation of cap-
tive nations, both in Europe and Asia,
would be tantamount?or so construed
by Communist propaganda?to Western
submission on this basic Issue.
Such an outcome would undoubtedly
be the greatest victory Of Russian cold
war diplomacy since the very beginnin,:s
of the Communist Empire in 1918. It
would irreparably damage our most
powerful deterrent against further Com-
munist aggression and. Quite likely, a
global hot war. This deterrent is made
up of the national loyalties and freedom
aspirations of the captive millions in
Europe and Asia.
This clever and diabolical scheme con-
trived by the wily Khrushchev must be
thwarted. The process of substituting
symptoms for their causes cannot be
allowed to go too far. Realism must be
injected soon in our negotiations with
the Kremlin tyrants. As we Americans
approach our own forthcoming Inde-
pendence Day celebrations, the time has
come for some sober thinking and re-
flecting.
Our society, to be sure, is not perfect.
But by all evidence It is unquestionably
one that, has given so much in so many
ways to so many within a short span in
the history of man. It Ls one which has
made this Nation powerful, exemplary
and widely respected. Contrary to some
false notions, we do possess a rich and
articulate ideology which inspires our
continued growth as a strong-willed na-
tion and affords us the successful means
to cope with the zig-zags of the interna-
tional Communist conspiracy. Tiii3
Ideology is plainly and concretely spelled
out in our own Declaration of Independ-
ence.
With this approaching Independence
Day it is therefore timely that we reflect
upon the moral and political principles
embodied in our Declaration of Inde-
pendence. Even more Important is the
application of these perennial principles
to other nations and peoples. In our
own basic Security interesk these prin-
ciples must be steadfastly held out to all
the nations which have been raped and
exploited by imperial Moscow since 1918.
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TE June 22
"1-hat IS the new were It is belied-upon the
simple trallilhat IlrEiltresestill regarded as
-tthe maiti7lettIstark ?IteMast the spread of
tombaurtisine-le either e great trading Ult-
. tion one net a greet What. Deprived of
our trade we becenie a comparatively unim-
portant Wand ta the North Sea. We would
be Incapable of defending ouresives, of main-
taining our population, or playing our full
part In world entire. Without a constant
and sufficient :supply of food and raw ma-
terials from overseas we are doomed We
insoW that antnso do the Russians.
We are also the heart of a great Com-
monwealth. and the mainspring of the
sterling ares. Break this country tbrougli
destroying its economy, and the dream or
world communism comes much nearer to
reality.
This type of warfare is the more danger-
ous because of its subtlety. We mey net,
aweicen before It le too late. For this rea-
eon the Soviet Union runs the most efficient
and most Mealy prop.agandis machine in
the world. Day in and day out It conducts
a barrage against the minds of the free
peoples. By Use. half-truths, and limit-
endoese it .esto wealten our morale, un-
dermine faith in -our way of We, and above
all to direct our attention away from' the
real danger.
Not thee least important part of the Soviet
tradenvar machine mists inside Britain's
key exporting industries. There, under the
guise of militant trade unionism, a constant
battle is going on against the productive
efficiency without which we cannot in the
long run meet the Soviet challenge.
These Soviet agents, many of whom hold
important positions Ln the trade-unioe
movement, have caused concern among such
men as 13111 Carron, president of the Amal-
gamated Engineering Union, who hag de-
scribed them as subversives "acting under
the dictates of a foreign power with the de-
clared purpose of wrecking Britain's econ-
omy."'
it is in this light that the uneaten of
Communists everywhere must be assessed,
They are Part of a plan. which hart been
avowed by all Russian leaders from Lenin to
Kbrushchev, to establish communism on a
world basis. Like Bitten these men, and the
theoreticians before them, have frankly de-
clared both their alms and the methods
through which they hope to achieve them.
Unlike Hitler they have relentlessly pursued
these elms without unneceesery risk of armed
conflict They are not men in a hurry
There is a further similarity. When Hitler
was proclaiming his intentions from the
housetops. many people either dismissed him
as a crank. or In any event ref Used to heel
the warning. So it is today. Leaders of
British public opinion, perhaps influenced
by the day-to-day propaganda utterances of
the Soviet leaders, are reluctant to accept
Communist avowals at their true value.
We cannot complein that they have not
been constantly and concisely expressed.
Over a century ago, for example, the Com-
munist Manifesto, the first fundamental
document of modern commuldsm, was sim-
ple, straightforward, and to the point, P
stated.
"The Communists disdain to conceal their
views and alms. They openly declare that
their ends can be attained only by the forci-
ble overthrow of ail existing social condi-
Hons. Let the ruling classes tremble at a
Communist revolution. In tt the proletari-
ans have nothing to lose but their chains.
This nave a world to win. Working men of
ML countries, unite."
This was given reality by the Bolshevik
seteure of power in Russia In 1917. The
world Movement aehieved a base front which
It meld reach out into the farthest corners
of the globe. Adherents in all countries
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENA
For our own national freedom we ci
afford to dissipate this greateet
rent against. Russian Comm
pansionism and a global hot wank
I believe that it s most fitting
proper for us as freemen to exprsbiF
moral commitment to the freedom and -
self-determination of the peoples of thr
wring tootheattlf.e enjoyment of their Chris-'
e/farlebe )isMollern.43u44hist, and other
'freedom!, and of -their individual'
att IL. to 'vital to the national emu,-
-the 'United States that the desire
fy eon independence on the part or
Jane. of 'these conquered nations
stearifeetly kept olive; and
captive nations on tile eve of our the desire fer liberty and judo-
dependence Day. I therefore introduce'npon4!"Ice by the overwhelming majority of
a Joint resolution which provides for:ish-Ahis,peopte of these trubmereed nations con-
Presidential proclamation designating trtitutes a powerful deterrent to war and one
the week following the Fourth of July of the best hopes for a just and lasting
as "Canny- Nations Week." I am act- ..Pe?845: and
fident that this rr:.chtiloti reflects the . ?_Wbereas it is fitting that we clearly merit-
tHOUgHtS and :...entinierits not only of the feat ,to such peoples tnult2,411 ten ap:"OpTilAte
and official means the Li. n al, fact that the
American peopl(', not only of the peoples people of the United Sister, Ft are with them
In the free world, nut, also of the captive their aspirate ea t,r the rec.,sery of. their
millions behind the Iron and Bamboo freedom and Indep? tidet....e. Now, therefore,
be it
t Mr. President. I ask unanimous eon. Resolved by lite Senate and /louse of lisp-
sent that the text of the resolution be rissentattres rif the venni States in Congress
printed in the REcorm at this point for atutembled, nest the l'reeident is authorised
the information of Senators, together and renowned to issue a pn.clitmation On
With the first chapter from Mr. Harry.
the Fourth of July. 19:4), dealaring the week
fAlowllig such day as 'Captive Nations
Welton's recent, thought-protoking book: week- elle stmtine the people of the United
"The Third World War: Trade and In-.- Mates to observe suth week with appropri-
dustry?The New Battleground.- This at ceremonies and actet Wes The President
chapter. entitled "The Struggle for the 1-1 f t
.her authorized and renovated to Lulu,
World." with penetrating Insight slim- a 'similar proclamation on era,.b succeeding
marines the Communist actions subj11- Fourth ef July tintil such time its freedom
gating the captive nations and their and Independence shall 11:5,1t, neer, aellieved
latest tactics and maneuvers reaching few all the captive nett ,t1.4 Of the world.
out to dominate the rest of the free
world. It Is a sober reminder of the
grave dangers we face.
There being no objection, the joint
resolution and chanter were ordered to
be printed In the ItscORD, tea follows:
netters JOINT rmse-nol !:?.11 lel
Joint resolution pi uyleang for the desis,h.
Lion of the week foliowine the Fourth of
July as "Capttve :Nations Weck"
Whereas the greatne,s ol the United
States is In large part attributable to Its
having been able, thrceigh the' cletn,sratle
proce&s, to achiete s harroonanta zeitlOitSi
unity of its people even thdtigh they stem
from the twist diverse of racial, religious,
and ethnic baeltgrouhd..., and
Whereas this harmr,ntous unification of
the diverse elements of our free society has
led the people cf the United :Antes to pen-
seas a warm understanding and sympathy
for the aspirations of peoples everywhere
and to recognize the n,,t+tr,1 interdepend-
ency of the peoples and nations of the world;
and
Whereas the ens:a...v:11er t of a vuta5tantia;
part of the worlde oepuletien by commu-
nist Imperialism makca a mockery of the
idea of peaceful coexistence betweeii nations
and constitutes a detriment to the natural
bonds of understanding, between She people
of the United States and ether peoples: and
Whereas since Vett tie Imperialistic and
aggressive polich- it,/,,Stal1 communism
have resulted In the creatinft ol a sect eel-
pire which poses a enre Ihreut to the secu-
rity of the United States and Of all the
free peoples of the wo.Sd: and
Whereas the imperialistic policies of Coin-
munist Russia have led, through direct and
Indirect aggreeelon, to the irobjugation of
the national independence of Poland, Hun-
gary. Lithuania, Ukraine, Oeticboelovaitie,
Latvia. Estonta, White Ruthenia. Remises,
East Germany, Bulgaria, mainland China,
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia. North Kornis
Albenia, Idel-tYral, Tibet, Cosseckle, Turk?,
stain. North Vietnam, and others; and '
? The chapter front the book presentswi
by Mr. l)outa.ss is as follows:
Tux Tame WORLD WAR. TRADE AND 114DDE?
neAV BATTLECRODND
(By Harry Weitenj
cirserets 1. THr !STRUGGLE .011 TUE WORLD
tie eec'r'j inhabited part of the world the
f orces +.1'tune At1,1 he mocr acy are
lockes:1 tian.ilser in cc.';' 'at In this struggle
there are no neuirii territories. Iri some
countries the Conunimists are firmly en-
trenelled: in in hers stall as th, Teel tee gtat es
and the British Commonwealth, the free peo-
ples hold positions strength.
There is, however, east no man's lend
composed of nations in whiah the issue is
In the balance, where probably within the
next two decades the ,aspren,aey of one side
or another will decide the Ia.,. of mankind
for centuries to essme.
This is SIG! ;sit A.11-011t military struggle,
arid it is unlikely to develop Into one, tott4ht
even with oonventional weapons A nuclear
war, with whole cities being blasted out of
elxstettre in a matter of seconds, is ee..tin
more unlikely Such events would be the
prextuits of madmen. These do not exist
aniong the lenders and p.tential leaders of
the free natiims. Nor does Khroshchev, even
when he Ls in his cups. show the slightest
Inclination to risk the destruction of what
he and his 1 orerunrsers have taken such pains
to build The evidence of the Berlin block-
ade. Korea. and the. Middle East show be-
yond doubt Chet welled 4 oerilet on a global
bans is not part of Soviet strategy.
Indeed there is no reason why it should
be. The Russia leaders are realists. They
know that the third world war is already
In progress, and believe that they are win-
ning it. This great and decisive struggle
for supremacy is being fought, net between
sputniks in outer specie, but between 'me
rionale systems on earth.
The weapons are marketable commodities
such as cars. tractor*, Industrial equipment
.power, stations, and consumer goods or all
types. The mein armies are not soldiers,
Whereas these submerged nations 10en to . but salesmen who, operating as a disciplined
the United States, as the citadel of human form, have been told to get into world mare
freedom, for leadership in bringing about kits and drive out the products of the west-
their liberation and independence and in re- ern democracies.
'Empire News, Sept. a. 1957.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- SENATE
, citisctinisly accepted the
the D
. .R. Is the teonetunisto
11111 that its rulers are the potene'?
inthellnitte all Mankind.
4:130111011111111caald through hosts of rub-
Idazyorgan7sUon. have since poured out
,thit?,11eiresaline and been accepted and
isd Upon lintliOut questlon by party :nem-
Isere and Supporters in every country. These
earlfelet Melds straddle the earth, ready to
?Onabordinet? everyt.hing. their country, their
trade taderna, their families, and even them-
-aims. to the task of ensuring Soviet domi-
wation.
' Their duty las, In spite of the Leavy
-3111xxist jargon, never been more clearly ex-
Apnesed than by P. E. Vishinsky, the Soviet
.theotetican who stated In 19411:
'NO present the only determining criterion
Of rmeduttostary proletarian internationalism
Is: are you for or against the U.SZ.R.. the
'Allienherland Of the world proletariat? An
latertuettonaUst is not one who venially rec-
ognises International solidarity or sympa-
.thiees with it. A real tuternationalat is one
Who Woo his sympathy sod recognition up
to the point of practical and maximal help
ID the 4.8.8.14. in support and defense of
the CASH. by every means and In every
possible form. Actual cooperation with the
US.SH.- the readiness of the workers of any
fiMmtri to subject all their aims to the basic
Peebles:re of strengthening the U.S13.11, in
thole struggle?this is the maulfestaUcal of
smolistionary proletarian internationalism
Ott the part of workmen In foreign countries.
? ?? The defense of the US S.R., as of the
tSocialist motherland of the world probie
threat. Is the holy duty of every honest man
amerTwhere and not only of the citisens of
She 0 BSA." s
This welding of international Communist
forces into one mighty army directed and
controlled by Ruesia. and owlee unquelified
allegiance to those in eower in that country,
has been a prime task of party members
everywhere ranee 1917. Any sign of devia-
tion or movement toward tiational COMMIX-
Warn has been ruthlessly sappreesed, either
by mass executions where Comenunists rule,
or expulsion from the party where dissident
comrades are fortunate enough to lhe in a
dentecreey.
, ROW this army could be teed to aenleve
world conquest was out, Med to Lenin many
years ago. and Incorporated In volume V. page
141. of hie "Selected Works." It so impressed
Malin that he repeated the renertil theme
In a major speech in 1924, riou It has since
been Included In every editIen et his works
ithe most recent being in Et. glish in liet3
^ In Russian In 10491.
. This Inepoetant directive boil. down to lour
essentials:
1. Building Up the strength of the Soviet
,Union.
2. Organising subversion le the lodes-
trialized capitalist states
il. The fomenting of res-t iii colonial
Countries.
4. A Mal onslaught using aLdever meth-
ods are most suitable in the light of prevail-
ing conditions ln the country or countric,.
concerned.
The essential aim was summarized In the
following statement:
'The victory of Socialism in One country is
not a self -sufficient teak. The revolution
Which has been victorious In one couutry
must regard Itself not as a self-sunicient
entity, but as en aid, a means foe hastening
the Victory Of the proletariat in all ?Qua-
trlete For the Victory cd the revolution In
nets country. in the present cane !Luisa
1' ? ? is the beginning of and the ground-
Vett Ice the world revolution."
1"ProMene Of PhIlteophy." Poreign Lan-
ge:ears Publishing House, Moscow, 194a.
I"Probleena of Leninism." Foreign Lan-
guages Publishing House, Moscow, 1941, p.
113.
These are the words of Stalin, takes from
'Problesivi ot Leninism" published in 194'r,
They declare the blunt truth?that Soviet
foreign policy is one of worldwide expansion..
The exempla of Hungary shows exactly the
conditions under which the Soviet leaders
will go to war. They will do so when the
victim is helpless to retaliate, when they feel.
they are secure Irons armed intervention by,
other netions, and when the use of Soviet
armed strength a necessary to obtain or
retain complete and absolute control.
Korea and Malaya are Instances of an at-
tempt to achieve conquest by proxy, al-
though An each case, the immediate aim was
alinent certainly more enonomIc than mili-
tary. The importance of leseeyan rubber to
the economies of Western Europe and to the
statelty of the sterling ttrest t sa eildent to
the Russians as It is to ov
The Korean War, apart from sparking off a
propaganda campaign in a Li Is the Russians
out-Goebbeied Goelhen also caused the
Delilah Labour Clovertm?ent to embara upon
an arms program in which, by diverting men
and materials from bail :y needed schemes for
capital development, and the mienufacture
of products for export, struck a sever* blow
against our economy. It arm) paved the way
for many of the ludustriel troubles from
which we have since suffered. Those who
doubt the abdIty of TtitIsia ti) exert immense
influence in thl., ry.un'..ry might pondex over
the fart that from 1X.-0 0.1..WI:Xtni our whole
budgetary strueture was conditioned by the
Soviet military adventure in Korea.
The shift of emphasis from military can-
filet to trade war WAS foreshadowed by Stalin
in a treatiee published just before hie death.
Referring to the economic integration of the
Cornmunist bloc, he atated:
-The result Is a fast pare of industrial
developruent in these countries. It may be
confidently sale that, with this pace of in-
dustrial development, it von soon come to
pasa that there countries will not only be In
no need of Imports from capitalist roun-
Wien but will thereneives feel the necessity
of fimilml an oi,,ttate martct for their sur-
plus prrxlucts
"But It follows from this that the sphere
of exploitation of the WM :d's resources by
the miq,r coptt,Ilet countries will not ex-
pand, but contra-t; that their opportunities
for sale in the world me-rket chderlorate,
and Wet their I, du'ries will be operating
more and more tr.dow cap-it y "a
EllICe then th:s tuis nec,.)tne the spearhead
of the Ittndsn attack It has dominated life
behind the iron Curtain, where the ineerests
of workers, particularly In the satellites, have,
as we shall ser iii ensuieg chapters, been
encriffeed to c'..leve capital formal:on in
excess of thst justaled by exiting produc-
tive capacity Indeed. It is inivtrtant to re-
einplutatz,e that the drive for trade mastery
has little in common with normal commer-
cial rival, les Ix 'wean competitor co?intzles.
Inside the Conth?Auitst countries It is
planned, conducted arid financed as a milli-
:all' operation to be succear,fully cJitchicitti
without reg,,rci tx cost Furtlier, the attack
has been launched with the active ar,31ht,Ance
of CounnuaLts working in every democratic
country
Ily 1055 the progress already made justified
the Soviet announcement that "communism
has become a world system which Ls in eoa-
110111k, competition with capitalism."
Khrusltehev was oven more specitic when,
at a. reception held at the Norwegian ren-
basay in Moscow, he told a British reporter
that "Tour system will collapse through eco-
nomic competition with communism." ?
The CommunisUi, than, have made no se-
etet 01 'their aims or their methods. Political
penetration, the actuality or threat Of =M.
Stalin: "Economic Problems of Socialism
In the 413.8 R ," Foreign Languages Publish-
Mg House, efeseow, 1952, p. 3:5. ? ?
'Sunday Times, November 13, 1955.
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10361
And- Vier trade War ere the,
luO/114o achieve an
warninAPI. aald th? lemon&
, there are len' people in
tilgte- Who believe that the Kremlin
ifs peariltid by Men and ercenen tiotninated by
feu; Of.'drelernent by hostile capitalist
powers," and who only have to be given a
little Maitre/enure% to become good neigh-
bors ;with whom schemes for the mutual
?.adrealienwitst of all countries can be worked
out.:
In ether words, they believe that the Ilus-
inane are faking Mete toward world domi-
nation with great reluctance, not because It
I. an integral part of the Communist creed,
but in sett-defense against the machinations
of the democratic powers.
When Ur. Aneurin Baran, then Britain's
eizuksovell'areign Minister. visited Moscow ha
I$67, he returned to express the view that
theetttterances of Soviet leaders could be
diemiesed as "rituanstle exercises." These
deserve to be categorised as famous last
words. Seldom has such a dangerous state-
ment been Made by surd% an Important man.
, There leothIng ritualistic about
Kfirmbehres reaction when Hungary at.
tempted to- break away from the Soviet
empire,' 4/tor was it provoked by ta neigh-
borly desire to safeguard Hungarian democ-
racy.. His salon was provoked by fear that
if Hungary succeeded in achieving Its free-
doms the other satellites in which a met
dent of restlessness Existed would quickly
follow mita
Anyone who believes that the Conununtsts
are playing theoretical games must have
altented Since the lietler-Stalin Pact. in
August 11139, made the Second World War
Inevitable. This began a period of open
expansion.Of the three math powers ulti-
mately engaged in the War against Nazi Ger-
many. Only the Soviet Union gained tend-
tory.
Poland was invaded. This was followed
by the attack on Finland, the annexation of
Bee:arable and Bukovina, and forcible in-
corporation? of Eetoola, Latvia. and Lithu-
ania into the Soviet Union. Those who be-
lieve that there is an easy way to peaceful
coexistence with corrunteilant should note
? that Russia had freely negotiated nonag-
greesion pacts with all these countries.
This expansionist phase, reminiectest
Imperialism at its worst, received a actbaa
when Hitler bounded on his ally and in-
vaded the Soviet Union.
Ones victory in Europe had been schined
however. Russian imperialism tient en woe
renewed impetus.
What makes this postwar period one ef
the great watereleeds of history is that
extension of Russian control to other coun-
tries coincided with an even greater move-
ment of withdrawal and noncomraitment or
the part of the democracies. At each suc-
cessive stage, barriers against Commune
-
penetration were weakened over large area,
Inhabited by millions of people. IILIPbt
herself became enriched by the addition o
Familia. Latvia, Lithuania, the easteri
provinces of Poland, 13:?ssarabia and Inak,-
viola from Rumania. the Carpatbian-Pu
theria province of Ceechoslovakia, half u
East Prusele from Germany, slices of Einlam
Tannu Tuve. Dairen and Port Arthur fror
China, and the Kurile Islands and it Onall
Irons Japan. Quite an Impressive record o
a power said to be "in the forefront of it
fight against leopertalistrx."
Further, is was Russia who provided aid t
the Omuununlate in China and helped I
achieve the overthrow of the Hationelii
Ctoverctinent which, incidentally, had bee
recognised by Stalin and Molotov in woo
Oddly reminiscent of Iritlers solemn prones
to Poland.
- China thus bemine pert of a gigantic Sire
Soviet bloc Slot Is now in the process of It,
coming one huge industrial unit, fro
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.whick, sooner or litter, goods will flow Into
worm markets in ever-increasing quantities.
Once in power, the Chinese Communists
followed the example of their Soviet tutors.
Tibet was invaded ad occupied. North
EOM& and north Vietnam were subjugated.
It le instructive to examine the methods
Used by the Soviet rulers to extend the Com-
munist base. Oeorgia provides a very early
example of double dealing. In March 1920,
the Soviet Government signed a treaty in
which it unreservedly acknowledged the "in-
dependence and sovereignty of the Georgian
state, and renounced voluntarily all the sov-
Miami rights which bed appertained to
Russia with regard to the people and terri-
tory of Georgia." It also pledged itself not
to interfere in any way in ?erste," internal
affairs.
? ? In February 1921 Soviet troops invaded
Georgia. and Tiflis, the capital, fell to the
Solebeelke. On the day this happened
Gurgle was proclaimed a Soviet republic.
1110 annetation of eastern Poland is an.
Mee thstattee of Communist duplicity. In
She sprint of 1939. while Britain, Prance. and
Poland were negotiating with the VASE.
to entin an alliance against Nara Germany,
atallres agents were secretly in consultation
with Inner himself. 'The result was a non-
earessiOn pact between the two countries,
under which the eastern half of Poland was
recognized ? Soviet sphere of interest.
The Naas invaded Poland on September I,
1939, and thus sparked off the most destruc-
tive IVIPX in the history of man. By pre-
arrangement, the Soviet Army marched in
Gum the *eat.
Soviet Foreign Minister. Molotov, speak-
;un October Si, 1999, boasted:
"Ons swift blow to Poland. first by Use
German Army, and then by the Red army.
and nothing remained of this ugly offspring
of the Versailles Treaty."'
- Bessarabia and the northern province of
Bukothui were acquired by the simple pro-
Sedum of massing lied Army troops on the
Rumanian frontier, and delivering an ulti-
matum that the Rumanian farces more out
O f the.. areas and be replaced by Soviet mili-
tary units. and that all rates eye. bridges, Air-
fields, factories. and pow erplrints be handed
over in good order
? The Russians morel In on June WE 1940,
and by a combination of force and bullying,
seized these territories.
Another classic example of Soviet foreign
policy in action occurred in Finland In
the autumn of 1939 Rursirt demanded tern
Waal concessions and attempted to obtain
-them by diplomatic bullyine and threats of
tome. When these maneuvers failed, the
Soviet Government decided to Invade,
_ In denance of the Rusro-Finnish Non-
Aggression Pact of 1954. an armed attack
was launched on November 30. 1939. Fin-
land promptly appealed to the League of
Nations, and as a result Teursiet suffered ex-
pulsion from that body. The Finns held out
until March Of the following year, when they
wswe compelled to serrender large areas In-
cluding Karelia, in which was situated
Vlipuri, their second-largest town.
Further hostilities broke out in June 1441,
and when an armistice was signed 9 years
later. the Soviet Union had, by armed ag-
gression. acquired nearly 18.000 square
Miles?about one-eighth of Piniand's total
territory?and a population of nearly 000.000
people. Two-thirds of these those to be re-
settled in other parts of their country Wirer
than remain Under Soviet rule. -
The fate of the Deltic States. like that of
ltastern Poland, was settled by the secret
agreed by Hitler and Stalin in 1939.
AU three. ihionia. Latvia, and Lithuania, had
Signed nonaggression pacts with the TISZA.
'Speech to the Fifth (leetreordinary) Ses-
sion of the Supreme Soviet. Oct. 111. INC
When the 'War briers out they gave tray
to Mlles diplotositte pressure and reluctantly
tug:opted parts at mutual eadittenee which
gore the.liodet Semiss the tight of selehlt.
tutu into thelr tirritory.
litolotov, surely one of the most cynical
Maims:seri in history. pre his assurance thet
these agreerasidi "strictly stipulate the
inviolability of thenovereignty of the sig-
natory, Mates; end the principle of non-
interference in each -other% affairs. They
are based upon mutual respect for the po-
litical, social. sod economic structure of
the contracting parties, end are designed to
strengthen "the foundations for peaceful,
neighbourly moperation between our pee.
pies"!
Molotov said this when he knew that
Stalin. by agreement with littler, had al-
ready decided to annex these countries.
When Orefield* States were finally occu-
lted by the Red army tn 1944. the people*
did liteesurrenter without a struggle. Ruda
embarked upon a earapeign of terror, execu-
lion. and mess deportation which lasted for
several years. Thousands of Fotonlairs, Li th-
uselens. and Latvians were dispatched to
Siberia. and thousands more fled to Wort
Germany sod Britain. One of the most
pathetic incidente reported was that 90,000
lestontans set out for Sweden in an armada
of small boats a venture millet% was esti-
mated to bans cost nearly 10.000 lives.
The methods used in all three cases fol-
lowed the familiar pattern?broken treaties,
duplicity, and ultimatum backed by force.
With the fate of Finland staring them in the
faces the three tiny countries, with a total
population of leas than 6 million. had no
alternative but tO yield..
Rigged elections on the usual Communist
lines look place, and the grisly farce was
played out to the end when at their own
request lanonia. Latvia, and Lithuania, their
peoples, culture, traditions. and way of life,
vanished behind the Iron Curtain.
With the war over. Russia was not content
to rest on her very considerable territorial
-gains, She began to export revolution in
earnest Trained Commimist cadres, Soviet
troops, and political police armed with an
established technique for rigging elections,
poured into eastern European countries.
The principles of Potsdam and Yalta were
speedily jettisoned, and many European
statesmen had their first practical experience
of CorilliallIIEL double talk and double think.
Cleuses in the agreements were distorted
beyond recognition. "Democratic elements,"
for instance, was so twisted that it referred
only to Communists and their sympathizers.
"Fascists- and "reactionarle*" became terms
of abuse applied to everyone, even democratic
Socialista, who resisted the encroachment of
the Soviet Union. The Rad army, which was
deployed across eastern Europe, became the
dominating factor. Its ranks were stiffened
by Moscow-trained Ociramunta leaders of all
nationalities, together with units of political
police. Before the dust of conflict had time
to aetUe they began the task of systemati-
cally destroying national resistance to Com-
munist rule.
One by one the eastern European countries
were caught in the Soviet net. The tech-
nique in each case followed the same broad
lines: "united front" governments were
armed in which Communists held the key
positions, and opponents who could not be
-intimidated were promptly dealt With either
by earteution, deportation, cc imprisonment.
Rigged elections were held to give the process
appearence ot
Whether these tactics would have suc-
ceeded on their own is doubtful. In fact.
Stalin took no risks. Re knew that with
? EurOpe In his iintreireary state he could use.
Or threlletAel tO WOW, military tome within the
I Ibid.
&rue controlled by the Red army without
tear at retaliation.
? The Coassumiste therinselves base openly
admitted that Ikeda iliay.besking was an
eresential ingredient in the earig postwar re-
iscription for revolution.
In March 49111 MINS Conetitatineses.
Met Deputy Chairman Of the -/etnniuden
Council of linnititere. MK: - '
"The puestul developtneet of the revelti-
eon was facilitated by the tut that at that
parted the Soviet army was stationed on
Rumanian territory and I ? by its more
presence paralysed the action of the reaction-
ary forces." I ? -
The Cocatnform puma of Starch' 13th,
1949, carried the interestitug &Minoan* that
"one of the prerequisites at setting up the
people's power in Poland' wall the liberation
of Poland by such a reeolttiessery 'farce as
the Soviet Ariny.r_ ?- ? -
So the tads at Soviet -Gittaruldere swept
same Europe toluene the Welitens hations,
then leenoverlahed by lb. dlittleation had
dearnetteill Of intr. had, In the visit Of Soviet
wronmaiste. on Alte verge of -teloriondet-eol-
? In MT Stalin had rudermeri bie Mns With
myopic/to tranknies. The tints Of the Com-
munist Party. be mid. 'won :
(a) rck nisaceimm at all the sontradletiens
and eonfiteer among Ospliallet Oreepe and
governments Width sUrrounded Our country,
with the object of deldreeing iniperiallsot
( b ) To use all their strength and resources
to assist the workers' revolution In the west.
(c) To take all Millasutell to strengthen the
national liberation Moestnent in the watt.
td) To strengthen the Red Army"
Among the factors which prevented the
further immediate extension of Communist
rule was the need to mensolidats their hold
on areas already dominated by Russian
? troops, Stain at that stagewas in no posi-
tion to attempt military invasion or terri-
tories occupied by Allied forret
Another important point was that Stalin's
economic advisers were out optimistic.
The threatened collapse of -the Western
democracies, although pernously Mose dur-
ing tins winter of 1947, did not materislise.
Nor did the successful revolutionary upris-
ings which Stalin confidently expected to
take place in Pruett and Italy, although
there were political disturbances on a large
scale.
The United States. quick to see the danger,
rushed in with massive economic aid through
the Marshall plan and the European recov-
ery program which. for obvious reasons, was
bitterly opposed by Conurtunists sterywhere.
This was a serious blow to Soviet ambi-
tions. So was the speedy United Nations
reaction to the invasion of South Bores in
1930, and the building up of defensive
alliances designed to prevent further Soviet
attempts to annex other countries by force.
Faced with more formidable obstacles, the
most potent of which was the American pos-
session of the atomic bomb, the Soviet Gov-
ernment paused both to consolidate and
strengthen their base, and to consider fu-
ture strategy. So far great stridea toward
world domination had been made through
a planned policy of bullying and repression.
By use of military force and diplomatic pres-
sure, aided by a wilting fifth column in the
victim countries, Communist rule was estab-
lished over tee-third of the World.
Could thaw lame treneiOna be used to can-
quer the remit:idol Not. the Communist
leaders decided, Without the risk of provok-
ing a major conflict. Tactics Were therefore
chan"d' Clean* Dilelltror. then Emcr?-
tary-chmeria of the Communist Interns-
? ? Cominform journal. March 9. 19116.
"The Party BMus and After the
Seizure of Power.* Works; Mge0011, 1947, Vol..
V. p. Ill.
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1959 CONGRESSION AL RECORD ? SENATE
haat intleinter dictator of Bulgartin bed
put 2t
niffeehre entaltintes amused of departing
our OCeninunist principle*. Whet stu-
pidity. Whet blindness. We should not be
Marxist and Leninist revolutionaries. ece
diselpees of Mare, Engels. Lenin. and Stella,
it We Were not capable of rompietely alWring
our tactics and our mode of action as eireum -
names may dictate. But aU the deviationa,
and all the ins and outs of out tactics are
directed to a single end?the world revolu-
non." l? -
Preen this reappraisal of the poaltion two
(Marty defined lines emerged. It was de-
cided to harness the fear of ear Inetead of
war itself to the Communist croree So the
peace campaign. always an essential part of
Soviet strategy, assumed even greater im-
portance. The worldwide propaganda ma-
chine went into action with the simple in-
inintetiotoneyerything Rusala does must be
depleted as a great magnanimous gesture for
plan By ceentrast. the policies of the United
Statean nattain. Prance, and Western Ger-
ntany ?Muse always be denounced as eter-
nal:wring imperialism.
Da this Way Stalin, after his death ad-
ginned by Khoo/whey arid the whole Ros-
eau Cosountiniet Party to have been a
bloodthirsty tyranto became the leader of
pate" toren throughout the world. Throagb
Subeidiary at front organisations operating
Inside the democracies, the Soviet leaders
liegeatedly appealed to the peoples of those
Countries over the heads of their Orel-A-
lin One stint was to lead the free na-
tions
Into a lane sense of security. Thus,
While propeigandiste were attacking the
inistarit inalnafacture of atomic and hydro-
. gen Weapont. glowing amounts were given of
pngrellis in Blain where the concentration
Wen lield to be entirely on the peaceful
of nuclear fission. Events' have proved just
beer niuchnrutla there was in this version of
Soviet policy.
The propagande machine, together with
the Industrial and trade attack, were deemed
by the Soviet leaders to be the swifteet and
Kunst way of continuing the struggle for
power that began even before the war
against Germany and Japan WSJ
This new emphasis becomes even more
tntalligible when it is appreciated that while
eommunistri Was engulfing and enslaving a
third of the earth, the Western Powers set
about liberating millions of suinect peopiee.
Preedorn and independence were granted to
Pa.klatari. Ceylon, Burma, efaloya, the
Philippine.. Vietnam. Lace, Cambodia, Eyrie.
Jordan. Libya. the Sudan, Tunisia,
agora" Ghana, and the West Indian Fed-
eration. -
Soca Of these places are now trouble
*pot* which have been infiltrated by Soviet
agents and technicians. They are also areas
irtil"h? became of their eceivemic impor-
tance, MA be decisive in the struggles which
lie ahead.
As Spotlight, the monthly bulletin of the
International Confederation of Free Trade
Unions, to which our own TUC is affiliated,
ituMinexibed It In November 1957*
'Looking at the facts, we see that only
Conimimist powers such as the Soviet Union
ad China are now engaged In an aggressive
campaign to enslave nations and even whole
Continents behind a smokrecrteri of anti-
colonialism and anti-linperialism. Indeed.
during the time when the we:Kern colonial
power' granted freedom and independence
to KG million people, the Cotnmunista have
enslaved Oa million people and deprived
them of their freedom and independence."
It Is indicative of the help given to Russia
by WeLl-liniatting but foothill people, that in
Speech to Seventh Congress of Cortunti-
islet Dilatational, Verbatim Report No. 89.
p. 11148. ?
spite of t how feats Prof A, J. P. Taylor could,
even at the time of the Hungarian uprising.
be heard on television brark.cting the Soviet
sum:cession of Ilungeri with the colonialism
Of the British Government,
The unfortunate truth is that thew will-
ingly gran ted ex lc of tlie democratic
principle of g, .veroreen" have in then:selves
strengthered the 1ibert:.-ilesiroyil4c, forces of
tOtalltarniniern Eve.ry ore of IAAJA DaSiot111
rem in or approaching i.e manhood had Its
own partItniar ferment Fteh c,...tor Into be-
ing infected v. :titC ti.':eh? n.!y eoundce:
pride quick to recent an,ii --U: 14,'S even the
frinelheat reetioe 01. the p. i.; ?,10. f 'ruler
color-ltd p, r.*.el. had ti ,tek ,s
and edreitteote lit saline no of
pence, to remedy = Ali sAk
iners of ttr.s.utiptile,..? ?
garele eteoli ;-r? ArAil SA.; StAAA
alleged rapa..?Ity o' r.. n. (*,,rioros.
Stress was laid up JAAJJ.(suill,SA
had taken rail tt tliccc 0 ?hi-.1e
said about svh4t tool ia vast
capital sitras, the Ltd
the ds.diea,e/ error:, 1110.. of Eurc,
peens who had foiOit WAY:: tAIJAAA v eat, and
tears the po,,eril r. dli-ease
which wiie ALAIld a:a I 'AVE TT..J.Ame,/, an
Insoluble ? :Dr tucie to.
With their hea'.7- a, these na-
tions are battling .egeloo thc,r Inch-
Victual problem:, tir.cl pilitirid, racial,
and religious rhifilrie, To on the crest
Of the aoth centary 'a .0k' of exi,acsion tic
A.frica. Asia, anti ,c ef them
need more crime-a, it ? ? CIL tr,. re
trade credits, better
eery-ices, and tat tteletpl Aks? cAAAJT coesurner
goods. If the tact loans LI the gremlin
00Uld have wished hisc exis,:eial, favorable
conditions In which to apply their own blue-
print for power, they maid scarcely have
thought of anything better than this new
postwar world
Countries such as thew are the natural
victims of Soviet infil,r.Aion. Unskilled in
the erne of governinel,t, they are crying out
for help and sympathy. Theee things they
are getting, and will continue to get, on a
large seen trent Euesia. Small wonder that
Soviet trade nneenr.s and financial advisers
are swarming Into South America and the
Per arid Middle East, offering prices and
terms with %shish the democracies will find
It difficult, If not impossible, to compete.
Some cornmet.tatorc %idle fully t,live to
Soviet lot entiens and i.t alloa their mis-
girings to take refuge behind 11..,'conomkr
difficulties now apparent incide Iron Cur-
tain countries. Toot's. ft it Laid, eel a severe
limit on the ability of Russia and her sat-
ellitea to meet the commitments which, for
political reasons, they ere cheerfully accept-
ing. Sr. they do?for ths. TIANAlletlt. But
Russian strategy is not based on this year
or next; It is the ultimate strength of the
Soviet bloc that must 1,e considered.
At the moment the trade war Is being
waged with an that would be ruin-
ous if judged by iic?rrnal commercial con-
sielerat,ons. Only an empire built oti indus-
trial slavery can consistently market Its
products at less-then-eost /ova Only a
system in which ponucai opposition and
ordinary tracte-unlen turuoloto have been
obliterated can achieve such concentration
on heavy industry that immense production
Increases take place without a proportionate
increase in living standards. Yet that is
what Is happening inside the Ccouriunlet
sountries. The workers are paying heavily
for their loaders' ruthless determination to
undermine the free world.
Because of the great advantage enjoyed by
totalitarianism. It In possible for mue
uist trade to be conducted on other than
a eammaretal basis. A surprisingly frank
atinligni011 of present objectives was made
by tile Cseclacelovek Statistical Institution
10363
Which, In & reference to the Soviet trade
campapi in Southeast Asia end the Middle
Bast stated:
e0aeohosiovak partedtpaitin in this expan-
sion of trade Is not guided by purely prac-
tical considerations. ? ? ? It follows a lean
carefully drawn up in accordance with po-
litical conelderstionn
We would be extremely unwise to under-
rate the potential strength of a group of
powers with subservience at home and aided
by political and industrial agents ebt owl
who are constantly pounding away at the
economic stability of the free tlations
Under these 4-onomastics* time is rut to,
important The rulers Of the Kremlin r.,.n
afford to wait for their rivals to disintt.gt.?te
befire delis-sting the knock-out blow
If the decision was Imminent there is JrA,A1
be Noise justification for complacency tout
tat. result. The truth, is however, that OILS
SkrAA form of warfare will be with us for
yeais ahead. It ba likely that the Russ-tar;
'enders are thinking in terms of 15 or et,
nein, but they know what they are doing
and why they are doles it. I wish the de-
mocracies could say the same.
As we shall see in minting chapters. the
Communists ars laying their foundations
well. By 1078 they hope to have achieved the
complete coordination at all Comniunist
countries. including Canna., into a single
workshop cUrected and fed from the Soviet
Union. Division on labor will be extended
so as to ensure that each country ts con-
centrating on the type of product to which
it is beat suited. If and when this reachss
fulfilment, tbe ability of this group to
swamp selected Markets with cheap Iloilo-
Wel products will be frightening.
Even now Russia lain a position to inflict
considerable dowse* in mine areas and on
certain of our industries. This Is deer from
the testimony at many buainesa men who
have Penetrated the Iron Curtain, and who
have toured the uncommitted countries.
They have expressed grave concern, not only
at the Soviet trade potential, but at the
Immense. strides already being made in
Britain's traditional markets. Goods are
constantly offered at below cost of produc-
tion prima in order to get or keep a foothold.
While this battle Is on. the Mr will con-
Unue to be thick with slogans designed to
Mislead the innocent "Peaceful coexistence-
and "friendly competitIon? will figure in al-
most every Communist propaganda tract.
Offers of economic aid, technical, tuid
financIal assistance without strings and, of
collese, armaments to help "preserve the In-
dependence of the peoples struggling against
imperialism" will be made.
Khrushenev himself can be relied upon to
moire the world repeatedly. as he did in No-
vember 1958, that:
"We are often accused of trying to export
Communist ideas to other countries; many
other stupid things are mid about us. ? ? ?
But we have never famed on anyone. nor do
we DOW force, our vieeni on reforming
society." u1
To deduce that such Statements indicate
that RUAsiteli new rulers are content to go
their own way and allow other countries to
work out their own salvation would be
criminal folly. The Soviet Union's export of
ideas has not won ever any nation to her
side, but her export at revolutionary force
has gained her the Whole satellite empire.
Now that bee, for the moment at least, out-
lived its usedninstes. The other weapons In
the Clocnnomiat arsenal are being used.
Some of them are old and tainted, others see
at more MOMS date. Them Include the ex-
ploitation at nationalism in ouch areas, vital
to the weetein sconCenial. as the Saddle East,
offers ot technical Insistence* to backward
II The Observer, Dee. IL 1165.
Ootninform journal. November 25, 1155,
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10364 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
metals arid etiOnonsic telanorut doeigneri to
eidmildlah whet aro now called "client
istatee"?comstries which bectrenft so de-
pendent IspOn trade with Ruatie that they
cannot break anal without risk of industrial
obiltpee.
A herd task oonfmnts the tuktir?os or the
free world. Tor 40 years eouvaimilstahal
programed. One thing that must be done
DOW 10 the new nations bent taper1 building
their future is to 'tell the truth about Soviet
history and its present metho,16 tunl
Inten-
tIOflL We ourselves roust know rnr.re about
what le going on both behlod the Troll Cur-
tain and inside the vital in:111..tri;:i ct,liekrue
of ourown country.
'he trade wee is the kind of onritict to
Which we ought to tie well tutted We have
been tackling world smnxicete for the hill, 400
Moe with a greet otrivure or euec-osa. WS
hese 6 wealth of esperte nee brittud us which
should eland us in good stead.
!Further. together with other derneicroeles,
ers slatiIf We will, present a 'Raid eronontic
front vitiolo the Soviet empire will fled it
finpandbie to break. All three titirip we can
do if ws have determination bsted upon a
bend knowledge of the threat under which
we are nVint and working.
'. This book ii what in army terms would be
deliettbed 64 win appreciation of the situa-
tion:" Raw strong 13 }tussle's present pcel-
Ilan and what Is her potential power? WI)/
are her ligefite 1.11 the democratic countries
attel,hoW' do they'eperate? What are their
entakeet points?. What ?mem are at our dis-
pel's/A.0d bear ahould they be used? /r.
enweetng these 'questions I shall oral" on an-.
think's) lad doCUMented reports from Iron
Curtain couutries. and on a great deal of
parionallosewledge of Communist sublet-
elort,,Iseddis -Industry and the trade union
somersault. ?
? -ito Wie-tolfowing Chapters we shall Me neer
Unflkstinsitiniat forces awung into action in
places-as- ter avert as Korea., the London
doaks'inid elie !British motor industry. I
O411 elschrbow a meeting in Can see. resulted
In LIMOS complete paralysis In Britain,
doekteialhCand how riots outside Parliament
weredifetted from Prague.
We Ore In the throes of ? war which we
dare not kat yet lose It we will unless free
pitman everywhere awaken to the danger,
and unite in defense of the freedorn, which
have taken centuries to build, but, which can
be dean:led almost overnight.
MANAGEMENT OF THE 17113LIC
DEBT
Mr. ?cNAMARA. Mr. President, I
submit a ent resolutioe mid ask
that it be proprlatcly referred.
This Cane rreiet resolution. I believe,
le Ofie ?ve to the den.end by the
fteirrinnitttratlixi t Congress remove the
natatory ceiling 4,4 percent intet est
on Treasury
The Concurrent lutiou would in-
Street, the Federal rve System to
"assist the Tretusury partrnent in the
tome:mks-I end et/le-len ? eneSement of
the public debt."
The effect Of this lang
to require, the Federal
would be
we to enter
the Government security t, t nee-
eitietry,, te help hold down Ui. interest
? Thia is cone answer to the probi It
belief that It Is sound a
AP fentiusticalle
?niers Into which this
Ime plunged the Nation.
Removing the statutory 4 V:6-pereent
would provide, at best, only tem-
renot to the Treasury.
11 week! Provide no Tenet to the nut-
payers. Interest ells-Mee on the na-
tional debt ialready total about VIA bil-
lion annuttly. .
Under tie adminietration's proposal.
this figure would go WU higher and
Interest rates on tam homes, and other
coon renal loans would follow right
along. _
Inst of this pew frivrawitY. the Fed.
eral, e should be required to step
In and do tie duty.
The Petition Reserve is an agency of
the U.S. Clovernment, and as such. It is
bound he the -coney declarations of the
Employment Act of 1946. The attain-
!bent of the epee* of that act, maximum
employment, prOduction, and purehas-
Lug power, makes- ffective coordination
of our monetary, and lineal poll-
cies absolutely n
It seems absurd th we should be nee
gutted to force the ? rat Reserve Sys-4.
tern, an arm of our ernment, to .w.e
operate with another the Tr
Department, in proteding sound
tars, policy. But it now -
sail, for Congress to knoc their bees
torrethes. We cannot permI4.hc ruirerms
Policies of this achninistratl to eon-
slowly strangled by the Ugh Morerf
The economy of this eount4c 'eine
tinue.
The VICE PRESIDENT.
current resolution will be ree
appropriately referred.
The eatietirrent reSOlution
Ites. 50 was referredio the
on Mane" as follows; ?
Whereas the ?musty Deportment
charged site the sespozeineeitylor managing
4 national debt ot OW 11385,009.9005000; .
Whereas, under the misting riirounistanass,
the Teesetirr Department Is teaks's to man-
age the debt except by Pelifibl Proeireeeleell
higher intent*. satte On mon succeeding
issue at its securities:
Whereas the interest e1.rge on the na-
tional debt has grown pingrenetedy, higher
and now steads at more an 0,000,000,000
annually;
Whereas outatandingjOmernrnetet seen-
rules are selling on the ket. at dimounte
1..p to 15 percent and m
Whereas the recnov of the 4% percent
ceiling on long-term overnmenL eecurItles
would bring at best tienportq relief to the
Treasury Depe.rtmen
Whereas any iurlier rise in the interest
rate level could befery harmful Inc the nit-
Lionel economy as, wrote:
Whereas the ptesent, difficulties of the
Treasury Departtpent are due, to a very
great extent, to *flack of sufaclent cOordlna-
(Awe of the varlelis competent Ca of our mone-
tary, credit, ant% fiscal policies:
.
31
wh." the -
ederel Reserve System is an
agency of Lb United States Government,
andnd AA such, 11 is bound by the policy dee-
iarstions of e employment Act of 194*
Whereas sontich more orective eon-cline.
ton ot our onetary, credit, and fiscal poi-
utely necessary fur the attain.
goals 0/ such Ace sae
intaining orderly conditions
ot the Government security
be en essential first step to.
effective coordination 01 such
theretoce? he it
by She ignore (the Italie*, of
'Ale* ooscarelity). That she 1Pe4e
Ityststa. while pursuing Its rat.
a ot administering a teounel
policy, 'mould be guided in its
eetions
Patel Oh
049 (
=Mid
tit
monetary
lee the mon
test mats
ptbile eressoun
d
June 22
talantist bstorpestadon at the
ves the Iimpleyment het et
ungormelble prase 4I*Or?
Alia Idieldrobent Octant
sequiramosftri
eta
it
, It Ibersid at tillitinin stat-
ement and Mole that will
'Treasury Depictions% In 'the
efikdetitillanteilentent Of the
A s OF COMMUNICATIONS
OP 3.04, REZATIN0 TO COM-
ANTENNA. ' TELEVISION
alirmss?duaxpliaqa
bir. MOSS. Mr. President, oat May 7
e is year I introduced *nets bill U86,
4ineasure deigned to Riollide In One,
teitTated bill the proposals of the red-
Arai C,ommurdeations With
eapect to 000lmouitttlr antenna television
systems and television booster &tattoos.
Since ZInuduced sirights111111.
i.have spent,
th Prehleff- ?.:? red
many lettere and
other Steteat Octet!
be the prOrisioneei the hillutEhent Like.
wise reviewed the Staff repotteubmitted
by the epeeist cotronLet:tter "Inter-
state end Foreign
dn December 0, ism-
have now. coifle to,,b goneansoti
that the % ProsSais4 Meri-
torious ,as they aro* saust ;be strengthe
sued if the Commission is to be given
the toots to eineournte the &Ka=
and untititsriance of free Ionia
in our inteller Cottenitistiint'rrehritire
reerreile win *0'4 thM'thlsii1ila
desired cialectile.,, 4
Also, rues sk sok goat-
re/leash,* toverment4 reculations on
television statioret while oommunity an-
tenna television systems are not eequired
tottithere to any Federal stindard, of
puic reeneredhillte i
.
Therefore, on WW1 qt ingiielt. anti
the Senator from Montana tafr..,.hieg..
earl, k.submtt, for appropriate reference,
an amendment to S. Mitt Which I be-
lieve wit1 make it Inedible ter the Fed-
eral unications Commission to
foster tn local, free television systems,
and at th ieame time allow for the de-
velopment *4 =amenity antenna tele-
vision sone* or boosters,' when local
Services are
The men
FCC shall be
to community
and microwave
eetabliehed. ? `.
ent proVider-that 'the
red to dent licenses
tennas or boosters?
ties whose primary
purpose is to servetommunity antennas
or' boosters?in athistions where the
grant of the an
verselY affect the
name of a regular.
Wm which .Would
programs.
. The VICE
ment will be Ireceived.
ferred to thee ConindtW
end Portio, Otortimertec
' would ad-
Bon or mainte-
I television 'eta -
television
The amend-
tad. and re-
T.nterstate
'-
DEPARTMENT OF DEMO& APPRO-
PRIATION IMO?AMENDMENT
Mr. EPAILEMAN' subinitted en amend-
ment. intended to be proposed by him.
to the bill (II.R. 7454) making appro-