EDITORIAL COLLECTION RE: U-2 INCIDENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 229
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 2, 2004
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: May 5, 1960
• Content Type: MISC

Approved For Release 2004/05/13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
Paper Number 2
EDITORIAL COLLECTION RE: U-2 INCIDENT
The attached is a chronological assemblage of press reaction from
various principle areas of the United States as compiled by the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration.
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 Approved For Release 2004/05/13: CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
Approved For Release 2004/05/13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
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Foreign Merchants Aim Their Trade Fair
Displays at U.S. Consumer Goods Market
By JOSEPH P. MATIIEW90N
Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
NEW YORK-Hundreds of foreign mer-
chants are busily engaged here in attempting
to boost U.S. Imports of consumer goods, and
most of them expect their efforts to succeed.
< petmg with both American and other foreign
manufacturers in the U.S. market.
"I. believe we'll sell more of our tradi-
tional brass, wood and ivory products," says
Mr.. Shahahuddin. "We're modifying them
somewhat to, suit Americans better. For in-
stance, we put a flower motif on this light
cotton instead of an elephant.:' - ,
di Is
several countries utilizing
it wall mosaic in the American home;' and,
more certainly, increased competition for the fair for purposes other than selling. "The
American public image of India is certainly
some American manufacturers. not accurate," Mr. Shahabuddin says, "and
At the 1060 U.S. World Trade Fair, in the we're trying to change that by showing our in-
New York Coliseum through May 14, imports dustrial products, all of which supply our do.
From over 65 countries adorn 3,000 separate mestic market-they weren't developed just
displays3 and are offered to store buyers and for export."
wholesalers. Most products displayed are The Netherlands is also trying at the fair
modern and functional
aimed at th
a
,
e m
ss to paint a picture of industrial progress,
American market. A Hong Kong shirt moms- playing down the tulip-windmill image. And
fgcturcr shows several American styles, in- India, like Israel and Sicily, has displays on
eluding wash-and-wear and button-down
r
d
p
o
-
uct , bearing the labels of well-kno*n Ameri-
co.zi stores -- Abraham & Straus, Blooming.
dale's, May Co., John Wanamaker, Woodward
& Lothrop, Marshall Field. "The stores have
been very pleased with these,",, says a com-
pany salesman. "Our sales have been grow-
ing and we,expect it to continue. These shirts
retail for $2.50 to $5, and the , lower , priced
models are equivalent to a $4.25 American-
made, shirt.
Even Communist countries are eyeing the
American market at the fair. A representative
of the Polish export organization, Universal,
motions toward a large. table, model radio.
"Our pride is competitive with anybody's on
this, he ? asserts confidently, "including the
Japanese:" Several of Poland's products, such
as bicycles,: small electric` appliances and
enamelware., haven't been marketed in this
country :before, ..but the Polish: representative
says :. "I think 'we can do business here.'' His
,government has' frankly conceded it needs to
'export, more goods to finance imports. "We'd
like for develop our exports to the States,"
says Jerzy. Zelislawslti of the Polish Chamber
of. Foreign Trade, "and we ..want to, go beyond
our -traditional food exports and sell antique
furniture, , ..sporting equipment, ceramics,
crystal and fabrics." ,
Bulgaria in Second' Fair
"This is only our second fair in the United
States," says. a, Bulgarian ,of his country's
exhibit., Like Poland, Communist .Bulgaria. is
pushing for increased exports, but it still has
a greater 'dependence on older products,
Cheeses, wines and rose oil, from. which per.
f
' M
ume is
ade,. are features of its display.
Governments of many non?.Communlst coun-
trles view the Pair= as an instrument to`step'
sporting goods., as athletic shoes and socc P
bans, and spa n f[+frl ea /0 '4 : QJq"W P9af00782R000100070001-6
exported here for the first time, and all com-~ ?,~^JJ
national industrial growth, both past and pos-
sible. The, object: To. encourage foreign in-
vestment.
Sicily Trumpets Its Development,
Sicily trumpets its Independent develop-
ment effort. b a large display, separate
from that of '.-fly, designed simultaneously
to promote tourism, to increase exports of
traditional wines and foods and especially to
foster industrialization. "We offer abundant
and cheap labor and good weather almost the
entire ybar," says a representative.
A Frenchmen sitting between a small red
refrigerator and a yellow one talks confidently,
of expected sales in this country. Jean
Schreder,' director of the French Government
Trade Exporters Association, explains: "I took
a market survey which showed 120,000 small
refrigerators, below nine cubic feet, could be
sold annually in this country. That's not much
for the six or seven American manufacturers
to. divide up, but it's good, for us because we
make these sizes for sale in Europe. They're
as small as 2.5 cubic feet," All but the
smallest have freezing compartments, and they
are designed' with smooth lines, square
corners, and bold, solid colors, including blue, `
green, -pink and black.
"Four or five French companies will begin
to sellhese soon,' says Mr. S%reder, "ma q
ly, as a second refrigerator, for the. nursery:
the bedroom,, the bathroom, or for offices,;
home trailers, motels and private boats. Our,
line will 'retail for `about $150 to'.,$200. But-:
the idea with these small units, he. claims,
"is not to compete with the American product.!;
W
e want to export what you can't get herb." ,
vice consul of the Consulate General of India' the fair, but they generate as much sales op=?
timism among their purveyors "Oiler three
in New York:,"This cotton fabric is new here,"i years We've done. a Steadily, increasing buss
and he points to' a nearly trans parent whitel ness at this fair" says Bairn J . Javahe -l,
cloth with a simple' flouter pattern,. American; 'New York Importer of Iranian co
producers don't make anything like this," Buti ewelr Pdebuyrirs
the Indian pavilion, gay with its brightly!' f Y, Prints and art. "We've reached: buyers
from all over the country here---,people, e
'decorated silk and cotton tektites, also in;. couldn't have contacted any other way:"
eludes sewing -machines, electric fans, such
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~_Ff~~M _ PAG1 r,.~.
? First Try for Spanish Concern
Argote, S.A., a Spanish concern, is making
an Initial foray into the American market with
4 ,display of hand-made ceramic artworks, in-
cluding small animals, bowls and wall murals.
"These are traditional Spanish styles and de-
signs," says Eleuterlo Martinez Torregrosa.
Also at the fair for the first time 'is Metal
Products Export Co., Ltd., of Haifa, Israel.
The concern's display includes- various ma-
chinery and hardware, such as a milling ma-
chine, door knobs and hand tools. "I don't
know about 'sales," shrugs Jacob Saker, man.
aging director, "but I feel we have the quality
and price to compete here, especially in pro
ucts with a good deal of hand work, such I
that sewing machine," a table' model.
From Japan, 11.0 companies, six trade asso-
ciations and 17 commercial organizations come
prise the biggest showing 'of any country at
the fair, They emphasize Industry rather than
arts and crafts. Among the products are a
large yellow tractor, pianos, aluminum and
stainless steel beer barrels, a bicycle which
folds in half for easy storage, a rotary electric
juice squeezer and a planetarium.
Most of the selling at the fair is done with-
out retail-type promotions, but a Belgian wine
company claims for its product: "The only
drink which floes not destroy a woman's
beauty."
C'ordirier Urges Major Role in Development
Of Outer Space Be Give'n Pr date Industry;
By a WALL STRzsT JbUEaAL .S'taf/ Repo9'tcr
LOS "ANGELES-Ralph J. Cordiner, chair"
man of General Electric Co., urged that pri-
vate industry be allotted the major role in the
exploration and economic development of
outer space.
Otherwise, he. warned, "When the space
frontier.. is ready for economic develop-
ment, we might-M1 find the. area pre-empted
by,; the' Government. :.
"This would leave the nation almost' no
choice except to settle for nationalized Indus
try in space," Mr.; Cordiner told an audience
at the University of .California at-Los. Angeles.
His address was part of a series of lectures on.
the peacetime "uses of space.
Mr. Cordiner proposed changes in legisla-
tion and Government policy to provide more
incentive for participation in space projects by
private business. He ,assailed the current Fed-
eral claim. to all patents on equipment for
space exploration.
Space projects already are accelerating
progress ..in electronics, communications,
power sources; high-strength materials, and
medical and. biological research, Mr. Cordiner
said.
Mining Minerals Possible
.,, Space business in the early stages prob.
ably will be in world-wide communications by
satellite, private weather forecasting, and rock-
et transportation, he. said, Eventually, man
may mine new or rare minerals on planets
'and send them. back to EarthI for refining; he
added.
Mr. Crordiner warned against the danger of
overexpanding Government agencies and Gov-
ernment-established, non-profit organizations
equipment for it, should be done primarily by
private concerns and private universities with
Government sponsorship and financing. Only
a certain percentage, "perhaps as much as 5%
of the technical work should be done in Gov-
ernment laboratories.
At first, research, development and special
facilities for commercial enterprise should be
financed by the Government, as being in the
national interest. But companies involved also
should invest in the projects and use private
capital to complete them.
Urges Patent Yaw Change
The Congress "should correct as quickly as
possible" patent provisions of the 1958 Na-
tional Aeronautics and Space Act which re-
quire that the Government receive. title to in
vertions developed under space program con-
tracts. Because of this policy, Mr. Cordiner
asserted, companies have been hesitant to ac-
cept contracts for space projects which. have
commercial possibilities.
Contracts must offer "exciting" dollar in-
centives to exceed specifications-and penalties',
for. failures-rather than the customary cost
plus fixed fee approach.
The Government must take financial lia-
bility,for such possible accidents as the crash
f
?? u1u dj,J a Lieiu. overnmenr agencies, under Congress should state publicly its intention
the pressures of the space program, may grow, to use "competitive private enterprise" to the
so large, he declared, "the United States may maximum in space project management and
find itself becoming the very kind of society to encourage private investment in space
it is struggling against-a regimented society commerce.
whose people and institutions are dominated by With this program, Mr. Cordiner said,
the
central government." economic development of the space frontier
Mr. - Cordiner made these specific pro- will be accomplished much as the opening of
posals: trade routes to India and the~settling of the
Space exploration, and the roduction of Americ t
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o a nuclear-powered space vehicle in a city.
Otherwise, Mr. Cordiner said, companies will
be unwilling to risk them, , and the ' public will
have no real-way to recover damages'
Antitrust laws must be enforced to prevent
monopoly of space enterprise, but exemptions"{
should be allowed to teams of companies which'
undertake unusually large commercial praj?
ects. -
 000100070001-6
Approved For Release 2004/05/11 PS"" I
20E3 YORK TIMES MAY 5 1960
U S ACTS TO KEEP i ing would be likely to destroy
many bacteria or viruses on a
FREE space vehicle.
SPACE GERM- I .For this reason, the Army
scientists set about finding a
sway that would insure the
stcl rility of a space probe as it'
Army Tests?Chemical Means' leaves the earth's atmosphere.
They came up with ethylene
of Sterilizing Moon and oxide, a powerful gaseous dis-
Planetary probes
By JOHN A. OSMUNDSEN
Special to The New York Times.
PHILADELPHIA, May 4 -
'Techniques for sterilizing space
probes to prevent contamina-
tion of the moon and planets)
were revealed by Governrrientl
sc'.eattists today.
The. scientists said, that such
decontamination procedures had,
been under study for several!
months by the United States
Army Chemical Corps in con-
l
infeetant.
The researchers concluded,
that the outside of the space
probe payload and final rocket
stage might be sprayed with
the chemical just before;
launching.
But what about the interior
of the payload?
To find out how sterile the
components of the Instrument
package were, Army scientists
pulverized several of these parts
with hammers, saws, pliers
and forceps In a sterile environ-
ment and then tested the pieces
for biological activity,
Work From Inside
y They found that some of them
Junction with the National
Aeronautics and Space Admin-were . biologically "clean" but
that others harbored germs-
istra.tion. even some components that had
Frelirninary findings indicatebeen embedded In plastic.
that, contrary to earlier expec- Dr. Phillips said that this
tations from . many quarters, finding suggested that makers
sterilization of inter-planetarydf the "little black boxes" of
vehicles---from the ininiatureilscientific instruments for space
probes would have
electronic instruments inside the to sterilize
payload to the outer skin of the them.from the inside. out, prob-
last -stage rocket -will be ably.using an, apparatus similar'
neither too difficult nor too to the one the Army scientists
expensive. , used to test the components for
contamination.
d arty Use Seen Dr. Phillips said that some
Techniques developed by. the past United States space probes
Army at Fort Detrick, Md., had been "cleansed" with disin-
will probably be used- for the,fectants and ultra-violet light
first time on the vehicle that but that these techniques would
N. A. S. A. scientists hope to not be adequate.
1 land on the moon within the The Soviet Union contends
next year or two, according to that the rocket and payload
th
ount o
a
r
a
on
o
x-
e
!Dr.. Charles R. Phillips,
at were inpacted'on the moon
He made the initial report of last year ; had been sterilized. pected -;from fall-out will
the work before the sixtieth No details weregiven by the probably be greater than was
Russians. estimated in 1956,
of American Am.ericameeting. of the y This increase . would stem
thofe Adelphia ti Ba hotel. cteriologiststs in from 'the: discovery that radio-
It has been feared that the activity ' is falling out', of the
moon,_Mars' and Venus. might Rad10 $a1~0O6 Shot 5elayed? stratosphere at a` faster rate
e
ss uniformly than had)
become polluted or: infected by CAPE 'CANAVERAL, Fla., and l
aboard space probes that May 4 (UPI)-Rocket troubles been supposed, and the inten
gisms pace p forced United States scientists save series of atomic tests in
will be fired soon at those today to . delaty until Friday' 1958-59, preceding the currrnt
bodies. The possibility that life plans to., launch a 100-foot "ra-, test moratorium,
or traces of primitive organic duo mirror" balloon into a high One rough estimate, made by
orbit around he earth. The bal . Dr. George,: W, Beadle of the
materia
may
all thre
on
e
u
used toreflect ran California,. Institute of Tech-
loon will be
been n
has
several
suggested i
n
duo signals back to earth.: wa ' t , at ' a ; hews ? conference,
recent scientific reports. ;wad that, 'there might be as
If they should become con much as k-threefold "in'c,~ease in
taminated by biological material the; .radiation dose. ftoni fall-
from earth, scientists, have out,
warned, chances of finding an- Instead 8i the one=tenth of a
swers to questions of,the origin; roentgen' estimated in _ 1956; ? he
of life in the universe would be said, the, dose'tu the. reproduc.--
seriously endangered. ' tiveorgand!could run to three-
There appears to be no hope tenths., of a roentgen over ?a
that the microbes on an un- thirty-year period, A roentge
terile probe might be destroyed is ha unit. 'of radiation,
by the drastic conditions of The .new report ?reafflrr e4
flight through space. one, ' of the principal. re om-:
Neither. heat, ' cold, ved For Release 2004/051
n u
!rays, ultra-violate radtat o or port ,Fiat forte.gener opj.
explosive Impact of a hard lnd ulatior file-averam! dose to the
STRESSES CAUTION! reproductive organ% during the
first thirty years of life should
~" - - not exceed ten. roentgens of
Report by National Academy, man-made radiation,
Of this recommended dose of
Is 'Generally Reassuring man-made radiation, only a
small fraction. comes from fall-
on Fall-Out Danger out. A far more Important fac-
tor-and one emphasized in the
By 'JOHN W. FINNEY
Special to TheNew York Times.
WASHINGTON, May 4--The
National. Academy of Sciences,
after ;taking a . new look at the
potential dangers of atomic ra-
diation has concluded that there
is reason for caution but not
concern,,
This generallyreassuring con-
clusion was contained ill 'a new
report-is medical radiation,
which is estimated to account
for an average of three to four
roentgens over the first thirty
years of life.
Tho report noted that levels of
radioactivity ; in food-- particu
laxly. strontium 90 and radio-'
active Iodine,---had been inereas-t
ink in the last few years, but
said they "remain well below
thosethat need?to be considered
cause, for. alarm." ."
The latest report was some-
"Report to the. Public," pub- what 'more- optimistic on the
lished by the academy today on feasibility of economic and safe
the biological effects of atomic disposal of the .- radioactive.
radiations, "including the fall-out wastes that will be created by
a growing atomic Industry.
on weapons tests... Throughout the report, how-
The report, prepared by more ever, ran the theme that. as the
than 140 prominent. scientists,, uses of atomic energy expand,
was designed to bring up to "the potential radiation hazards
date ' a similar report issued in will increase accordingly." The
1956? report stressed, therefore, the)
"need for conservative manage
In a foreword to the new ment of all radiation sources"
report, Dr. Detlev W. Brook, and the need-for increasing re-,
president of the academy, said search to establish the effects
no new scientific information of radiation.
had conic to light since 1956
that called. r: "drastic revi-I
WHITE COOL ON POLARIS
lions of th the earlier conclusions;
and iCcominendations? Air General Says Foe Could,
Many Unanswered Questions Trail U. S. Submarines
The report notes, however, . .. - 1
that there are still "many ques- LONDON, May 4 (UPI)-Gen..
tions about radiation hazards Thomas D. White, Chief of Staff
which arc unanswerable with of the United States Air Force
present data." said today that the Polaris.mis.'
One of the most significant, sile was more vulnerable to at-
new developments is that the' tack than many of its advocates
m
adi
ti
f
t
b
e
I contended.
"You launch it from 'a sub-
marine," he said. "The Russians
have several hundred subma-
rines and they obviously: would
not stay still with a Polaris
launcher around. I think they
would tail the Polaris subma-
rine."
General White, who said he
was speaking "as an Air Force
man," said an enemy also "could
arrange complete air cover in
the area."
General White spoke at a
news conference on his way
back to Washington from the
Ceptral .Traty organization
meeting in Teheran, Iran.
 Approved FoM ISeas%2004/05/1
U- $ERAM TRIBUNE
Nixon Tout's.
.Pavilions of
Many Nations
Products Valued
At $80,000,000
By David Steinberg
America's most .colorful sam-
pling of the world's industrial
power, natural beauty and
artistic talents opened yestdr-
day In the New York Coliseum
at the fourth annual United
States World Trade Fair;
Some sixty-six nations are
represented in the nine-acre
international exposition which
this year places on view $80,-
000,000 worth of products rang-
ing from automobiles to. zebra
hides.
The noon opening day pro-
gram, at which Mrs. Robert F.
Wagner performed the tradi-
tional bread-breaking cere-
mony, was, however, somewhat
overshadowed by an official 11
a. in. visit to the fair by Vice-
President Nixon.
the scope of Japanese displays.
Some 110 companeis, six
trade associations and seven-
teen commercial organizations
are featuring virtually the full
range of JapanesL, production: A
precision cauinment. cameras. 1. CHARGE M DE
opticals, electronics, Industrial
machinery, tools, automobiles, I.
and all the other proofs of a.
highly - developed national In,
dustrial complex. Japanese
arts and crafts are all but
relegated to decorations.
Source for New Goods
For the commercial buyer,
or importer, the fair should
provide an important source for
flew goods well priced for the
a
Americn market.
For the general public, the
1960 U. ' S. World Trade Fair,
open until . May 14, is a cap-
sule trip around the world and
through history. .
The modern pavilion of Sicily,
designed and built abroad and
reassembled in the Coliseum.,:
displays the picturesque and
intricately' carved donkey carts
so familiar to tourists against
a backdrop of illuminated
photos of Sicilian industry,
scenic wonders and cultural
heritage. Beside a group of
armor-clad marionettes from
the centuries-old popular thea-
ter of Sicily . are baskets
crammed with food delicacies
for which the Italian island is
famous.
The futuristic 'theme of the'
Brazilian pavilion contrasts
sharply with sections of In-
dia's exhibit 'which feature
5,000 years of, craftsmanship
in ivory and brass.
Nixon Tours Favitons
Mr. Nixon congenially toured
each of the national pavilons
covering the second floor of
the exhibition hall. He was
greeted at each national display
by the country's ranking ;gov-'
ernment officials in New York.
By the time the Vice-President concluded his visit, he had
been presented with a huge canned Polish ham;, a hand-tooled leather-bound Israelibible; a Belgian cut glass vase; stuffed black dog from Hol- land; an elaborate Japanese tapestry, and many more of the typical, or unusual, products of the exhibiting nations. As visitors to the trade fair have come to expect, the event
Novelties Are Shown
Unhurried touring through
the fair's 3,000 exhibits will un-
cover many novelties and un-
expected surprises.
In the main, floor booth of
Andrea. & Hipola, art dealers
from
Madrid, are some rich
prizes
for antique collectors, in-
cluding
a pair of sixteenth cen-
tury chests and a hand-carved
banquet table price-tagged at
A
u
ll
ll
$0000
.
n
nusua
y we
-pre-
this year is again a microcosm
of progress and ' industrial served Madonna and Child
vitality throughout the world., sculpture, both wearing hand-
%ff-, fantions and ++,nir wrought .silver crowns; is on
facturers are using the exhi-
bition to introduce new prod-
ucts of new industries or pre-
sent for the first time in the
view and available for $5,000i
The adjacent display of
Sanghavi's, of Bombay, offers
a, magnificent silk brocade bed-
Ex.Batista Official Tells Of
Russ-Built Launching Pad
Wrishington, May 4 (M-A former'
official of the ousted Batista
regippnne in Cuba said today that
Rus6i.an technicians were building
a giant landing strip as launching
pad for guided missiles. '
The State Department here said
It had heard, nothing to back up
such a report:
And in. Cuba, sources. relied on
by Americans discounted it
completely.
Col. Manuel Antonio Ugalde
Carrillo, chief of military intel-
ligence for the Batista 'regime,
gave the report of the construc-
tion to the Senate Internal Security
subcommittee, which has been
examining possible Communist
dangers to the United States from
the Caribbean.
Called 12 Miles Long
Carrillo said the strip was 12,
Miles long and about 260 yards
wide and that his informants told
him. the concrete base was so
thick it could support any type
of plane.
Asked for comment, State De-:
partinent sources referred to a
March 28 statement by Roy R.
Rubbttom, Jr., Assistant Secre-
tary' of State, on reports that the
Russians were building a base or
launching pad in Cuba.
Rubottom said then that he had
heard it mentioned, "but I don't
think there is any firm evidence
to back this up ... at this stage."
Sources said the. statement still
stands, that the departpient has,
heard nothing further which would
back up such a claim.
Dutch Have Access To Area
Sources in.Cuba said that Dutch
engineers' retained to survey the
possibility of draining swamps
have been given, complete free-
dom to visit all parts of the area
of the reported airstrip.
Americans who have. gone. Into
the swampland olr fishing trips in
the past few weeks also said they
encountered no travel restrictions.
Ugalde showed, the committee
.a drawing' locating the concrete
!strip in the center of the Cienaga
!de Zapata swamp in south central
:Cuba.
He said a Cuban ? magazine,
American market traditional' spread hand-woven with gold
products, foodstuffs or . arti- thread, for $400. Mr. Sanghavi
facts. There appears to be 'hastens to note that each bed.
..Much , greater emphasis on spread taker a single artisan'
direct export selling for the three months to produce.
American consumer market During the eleven days of the
rather than "institutional" fair, the Coliseum's fourth floor
promotion or heavy equipment will be the "best stocked deli-
e fZor+s catessen in New York." Visitors
resort was to be built in that area.
Move Ur,ed
. Industry
Cordiner Fears.
Nationalization
LOS ANGELES, May 4 (UPI).
-Ralph J. Cordiner, chairman
of General Electric Co., said.
tonight that private' Industry!
should move "as fast as possi-
ble" into the space field not
only to speed the conquest of
outer space but to prevent it
from being "nationalized" by
default.
"When the space frontier has
been explored and is ready for
economic development, we
might well find the area pre-
,empted by the government,"
the G.E. official said.
"This would leave the nation
almost no choice except to set-
tle for nationalized Industry In
space," he added.
Mr. Cordiner made these
comments in a lecture entitled
"Competitive Private Enter-
prise In Space" delivered at the
University of California.
` He said that space explora-
tion will be financed chiefly by
the government for "many
years" because even peaceful
development of space oilers
relatively small commercial op-
portunity for private business
in the years immediately ahead.
However, he said the manage-
ment and operation of space'
exploration should be handled
by private firms under com-
petitive, government contracts.
"his approach will not only
ultilize the most experienced
scientific and technical organ-
izations in the country, but will
also accomplish the objective
faster and more economically,
and will help prepare the com-
panies for the day when com-
mercial business can be con-
ducted utilizing space techno-
logies," Mr. Cordineg declared.
He also said that private in-
dustry "with Its disciplines of
profit and. loss" might extend
this nation's space frontier
more efficiently and at less cost
than the Federal government.
D70001-6
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WASHINGTON POST n'IN
RICHMOND, May 4 AP)-A
Civil Aeronautics Board pub-
lic hearing into the causes of
the Jan, 18 Capital Airlines
Viscount crash near Holderoft,
Va., ended here today.
There was no announge-
ment of the cause of the crash,
which killed 50 persons-Vir-
ginla's- worst , air . disaster
but witnesses provided some
clues during the. 2-day hear-
.Ing:
..Allan Boyd, a CAB mem-
ber-who headed. the Inquiry,,
said an answer to the prob-
able cause would come in the
futifre. CAB experts, in the
meantime, will study the testa-
said. "This is a natural avia-
tion hazard that you have to
cope with."
George W. Anderson, Capi-
tal Airlines manager of instru-
ment and electronics engineer-
ing, said t].uit the anti-icing
equipment on Viscounts per-i
formed in a "very high degree'
N.Y. HERALD TRIBUNE
MAY .5 '1960
House Group
Approves 9%
U. S. Pay Raise
WASHINGTON, May 4,(UPI)..
-The Hquse Post Office and
Civil Service Committee today'
approved a 9 per cent pay raise
bill for 1,700,000 Federal work-
ers. it would cost $810,000,000
annually.
The bill was cleared by a
vote of 16 to 4 over strong
Administration objections. The,
Administration opposes any
pay increase for Federal work-
The huge airliner smacked
to earth, pancake like, In ' a
swampy ravine In the flat
country of. Charles City Coun-
ty, The craft was bound from
Washington for Norfolk on a
chilly, drizzly night.
Reports submitted at the
hearing 'said that engines Nos, I
1 and 2 on the left side were.,
pot functioning. No. 3 was
giving reduced power while
No. 4 was performing well,.
A CAB' member who asked
anonymity believes the No. 4
engine in. full throttle might
have been pulling the plane
into a counter-clockwise rota-
tion as it dropped to the
,ground, producing . the pang
Cake-like crash' pattern. This
l opinion did not cone. out ate
f or Vickers-Armstrong Ltd.,
which built the craft, . was
asked if, a Viscouit could re-I
main in flight . with two' en.
gines out. He saidt .
"The aircraft could have
carried on' quite safely to' its
destination or an alternate
airport."
He said the plane could kiot.i
icing equipment on the plane.,
'Capt. Peter Marsh, a British'
pilot employed by Vickers
Armstrong, Was asked how a'
pilot who did , not'
' dnt jp
Icing' would notice. It. :
.The raises would take effect
July 1 The bill provides that
the minimum-raise shall be
at least $350 ? a year. The
raises would go to postal work-
ers, white - collar government
workers and Congressional and
judiciary employees.
The bill also ; would extend
the Federal, pay, retirement
and Insurance systems to 15,000
employeesof Agricultural' and
'Stabilization Service. county
committees.
The committee 'voted tol
.The permanent a 2'/2' per
cent `raise for postal workers
which. is due to expire this
year.Congress .approved a'.10
workers, plus the` 21/2 per cent
WASH, DAILY NEWS k 1960
afar Space Samp/es'
Harmful
By S Apps-noward Newspapers
The danger of microscopic "fifth columnists" from
outer space raising havoc on earth was cited here
today by the National Academy of Sciences.
In' a special report by its
Space Science Board, the
Academy warned that robots
or spacemen returning from
other. planets could some
'day bring back harmful or-
ganisms capable of ravaging
the earth.
"The most dramatic haz-
ard," the report noted,
"would be the introduction of
a new disease imperiling hu.
man health."
WEEDS
However, the report said,
the "more likely" threat is
the introduction of unearthly
weeds which could "act on
our agriculture and the gen-
eral comfort of our environ-
ment" -. adding up to a
"serious economic nuisance."
The Academy is a semi-of.
ficial organization which
advises the Federal Govern-
merit on scientific matters.
The report, dealing with biol-
ogical research in 6ace; was
written by Dr.' Joshua Leber.
berg, a Nobel Prize genetic.
1st at Stanford University,
and Dr. H. Feffer Hartline,'
physiologist at , Rockefeller
Institure.
The scientists said the best
way to'learn the most about
the other planets is to bring
back samples of them for
'`study here on earth,
"However," It cautioned,
.the return of such samples
,to ,the earth exposes us :tq a
hazard of contamination by
foreign organisms."
Since we aren't certain
whether any life exists ? on
other planets -;we can't tell
how any such. organisms
might behave on earth or
what the risk would be,
DOUBTS
The Academy conceded it
is "extremely doubtful" that
new breeds of disease germs
could migrate from Mars or
other planets - either as
guest passengers or hitch.
hikers on future space ships.
Brut, the report continued,
there's a chance for our own
defenses might prove worth-
less against outer-space mi.
crobes which probably lack
the 'chemicals that would en-
able our bodies to recognize
them as enemies. Thus we
would- be pushovers for a
sneak microbe attack.
Before any interplantary
Immigration barriers are low
ered, the Academy urged ex-
tensive. , exploration - p a r -
t i c u l a r l y of. ' the Moon a n d
Mars - by earth-controlled
robots carrying radios, tele.
vision cameras, micrascopes,
"traveling ribbons" and
screw-like augers for samp-
ling the. soil.
CIA-RDP90TOO782R000100070001-6
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WASZ DAILY NEWS MAY 4 1960
Polaris Gets Rock in" Roll Treatment
By JOHN TROAN
- Scripps-Howard- Science Writer
C A P E CANAVERAL,
Fla., May 4-They're try-
;y in ab} when -tlze nines fo_r-_operational use, the
missile Is to be launched for Navy hopes to boost the
the first time from a sub- range to about 1380 miles.
merged submarine. Eventually, the aim is to in-
On the basis of the Polaris' crease this to almost 2900
record to date, there's a 30. miles-
per cent chance something
will go wrong with this initial The giant "shaker" was
underwater shot, built at the Air Force Missile
I Test Center here to find out
Nevertheless, the Navy is --how well the Polaris can be
optimistic. Counting its hand eci,_loaded ,_ launched,_j
"birds" before they're I nitcd! and guided when it goes
hatched, it is planning to have to sea for keeps.
in erati n b e r'e end
o
o
ing to make the Polaris.
seasick.
Inside a 150-ton, 52-foot
"cocktail shaker," the Navy's
bottle-shaped missile is get-
ting the rock-and-roll treat-
ment--to determine whether
it will work satisfactorily-
even when fired from a mov-
ing ship in a rough sea.
In simulating.a ship's mo-
tions, the land, ? locked
"shaker" can heave the
Polaris eight feet `up or
down. It also can roll the
Polaris from side to side and
pitch it to or fro,-
BIG TEST
So far the Polaris has ex-
ceeded all expectations. but
Its big test will come prab
Y y"
p
-. - two Polaris-equipped subs,
1
h
b
t
eac
a
a
o wreak more the Navy had one of its subs
havoc than all the bombs the' .
U. S. dropped in World; record on magnetic tapes the
War It. actual movements expcri-
solid-fueled missile that will These tapes can be fed into
carry a hydrogen bomb in its the "shaker" to reproduce
head. Its exact range is secret heave, roll. and pitch.
.._ _ .. ,_. ,._.-1
but so far it has been tested m -
over a 1000-mile distance.
HOPES.
- By A he time -the Polaris Is
loaded aboard, atomic subma-
NASA Jet Lost Over Turkey
ISTANBUL, Turkey, May 4 ' (UPI)' - U. S. Air Force
p1ines circled Direr'-tlto tnountalnntis wlltlq? of otttheastein
Turkey today scarching foil an,experintental jet plane that
vaini'hcd with its pilot flues days ago,:
The plane, a single-Jet U:2, disappeared near Lake Van
during a weather reconnaissance flight Theplane belonged
to the Nat,onal Aeronautics and Space Administration;
Nature of the pilot wag .wItlrlteld
Delta to Debut ?Convair,.880 Soon
The Convair 880; jetliner, which its maker clai'mS, Is the
fastest commercial airliner, will -go into service May 15.
FAA has granted an airworthiness certificate after 15,
months of tests.
Delta Air Lines will fly the 615-rnph 88-passenger jet on
flights between New -York, Atlanta,.-New-.Orleans and Hous-
ton. TWA Is expected to begin Ctrnvair 880 service in
t 1:)
EXAMINER
2 1960
Ploiteer V
Will Speak
t esston
at I
Pioneer V, sree,ling toward
Venus, will be among -the
"speakers" at the 87th semi-
annual convention of the So-
ciety of Motion Picture and
Television En,ineers May 2-6
at the Ambassador Hotel. -
Harry Teitlebaum, director
of e::h:.aits, s--d that in addi-
tion to Inspecting models of
Pioneer V and Explorer VI,
the delegates will have. an op-
portunity to hear Pioneer
radioing back its messages.'
With two of the sessions de-
voted to space technology
and Instrumentation in the
space age, a principal speaker
will be K- afft Ehricke, direc-
tor of ti-.e Vega and Centaur
upper-:stage rr' ket program
for Convair. He will discuss
"Photo Recennal ? :ance of
Outer Space,"
.More than, 1000 engineers
are expecte< to attend.
70001-6
I)J\I11Y PLJ1: L >, NN, VA,
MAY 1 1960
By HOWARII GIBBONS
llai_ I.y Press_Militar ,1w?;,
"From Hampton to the
Moon" may someday be the
motto of Langley Research
Center scientists who develop-
ed a small, sperical rocket used
primarily in recent months for
re-entry tests at Wallops Island.
A bigger version of the spher-
ical rocket is to be part of the
NASA lunar 'landing package
announced as in the works for
the next two years. The larger
model would be used to slow
down an instrument package
before impact on the moon's
.Surface. These retrograde rock-
ets would he of 25-.inch and 40-
inch diameter when used in
moon shots.
The spherical rockets develop-
ed and used by Langley re-
searchers was five inches in
diameter. They were used in
six-stage rocket vehicles first
launched from Wallops Island
last year and, as the sixth stage,
would fire themselves back ins
to the atmosphere from the
peak altitude reached by the
first five stages.
So another idea born at the
Peninsula's big aeronautics and
space research center becomes
a primary factor in world head-,
line-making plans of NASA.
x x x
NASA will give its new
"real-life" Project Mercury cap-
sule its first ducking in the A-t-.
]antic Ocean off Wallops Is-
land Tuesday or Wednesday,
according to an unconfirmed
report. The capsule will be test-
ed in a low altitude test launch.
The first McDonnell Aircraft
Co. Mercury "production mo-
del" -capsule to come -off the
line, was delivered to Wallops
Island several weeks ago for
engineering tests prior to fir-
ings of greater importance at
Cape - Canaveral.' The produc+
tion models will undergo sev-
eral preliminary launchings at
Canaveral before one of the
seven Mercury astronauts will
be fired aloft in suborbital
Space flight later this year, pos-
sibly as early - as in . August,
with- a bare 'possibility that it
will- occur earlier than that.
A successful manned flight
into space and return, even
though -suborbital, would great-
ly enhance U. S. prestige in
the round of diplomatic negotia-
tions and visits coming up in the
next four or five months.
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DA1;.LY PIoI sSl YNN, VAA, MAY 1 1960
Space Craft TO Photograph bars,
Return In Three Fears Devised
5eientists disclosed Saturday they
nave devised a space craft and a
camera to show if there are men
on Mars.
. The unmanned vehicle con-
teived at Massachusetts Insti-
tute of Technology after two
years of study would carry a
camera into orbit and take a
picture of the' mysterious plan-
et-a picture containing. "more
than a billion bits . of Informa-
tion." Title of the ambitious ` project
is "a, recoverable interplanetary
space probe..". The voluminous
report includes a hypothetical
space itinerary from launching,
June 17, 1962, to recovery Sept.
6, 1965.
Project Director Milton B.
Trageser of Waltham said the
picture, taken from nearly 5,000
miles above the surface of Mars,
probably would reveal man-made
structures like airports, .farms
and bridges "if the planet har-
bored a culture similar to ours."
The picture taking would be
the high point of a two-or-three-
year journey through, the solar
system. The return trip would be
so closely controlled that the
vehicle would land in the waters
of the Gulf of 'Mexico within 10
minutes of the time planned two
or three years earlier.
The MITE announcement said no
federal agency was at present
planning to undertake the experi-
ment but scientists here believe it
is feasible.
,TIMES-HERALD, Newport News, Va., C?AY 2 1960
The Air Force ballistics mis-
sile division recently approved
the 810-page MIT report for pub-
lic release.
Plans for the so-called Mars
reconnaissance vehicle are the
result of collaboration between
MIT's Lincoln Laboratory, AVCO
Corp., the' reaction motors di-
vision of Thiokol Chemical Corp.,;
and the MIT instrumentation la-
boratory.
It involves use of the latest
techniques in navigation, control,
communication, corrective pro-
pulsion, and re-entry, including
the. use of the pressure of sun-
l i g h t to control torques-thg
forces exerted on the space ve.
WASHINGTON (A'l-The United States is read
for an
tt
o
s
y
a
empt t
send an Atla
missile on a record-breaking 9,000-mile flight from Florida past the tip of South Africay0,
into the
h
e
ch
t
sout
ern r
a
es of
he Indian Ocean. -A+ras
The sh' more ad,
may--he_ fired this week. - - l--_ for - , ..
response to an inquiry today that it will be made in the near future,
will not be announced ahead of
time, and will .be tested under ex-
treme conditions of the ' first
operational' U.S. intercontinental
ballistic missile.
ATLAS shots in the past have
Achieved distances of something
over 6,000 statute miles.
The Soviet Union in , January
said it fired qqne of its,test missiles
i from a launching paid deep within
the: Soviet ' Union' about 7;700
statute miles into the south-cen-
tral Pacific.
The Defense Department sa'-l
the shot will be: made . with a
"standard Atlas as part, of the;
research and `development pro-
gram designed to subject corn
onents f ballt'stic , 11 o x-
South Africa had been informed
of U.5 intentions even though the
planned course of the Atlas will
carry it entirely over international
waters and terminate in an area
rarely used, by shipping.
The Atlantic missile range-a
system of island and coastal
tracking. stations extending to As-
cension Island in the South At-
lantic-will be supplemented for
this effort by U.S. planes flying
from South Africa and by ships
equipped . with tracking gear.
REPORTS were-current ' earlier
this year that the Air Force would
try: a flight of the Atlas over a
range that. would carry It about
2,500 mile farther than it had
previously been tested.
The range for the Atlas' was
initially reported as 5,500 miles.
But the Air Force in recent testi-
mon has forecast an eventual
iwr200,4/O5A9 31f: CIi 4ROP
than 8,000 statute miles for the
Creme el mpNyod- or Kele~
phases of development and. test-
Some Atlas missiles are t ven
now ready for operational launch-
Ing at `Vandenburg Air :Force
Base, Calif, The Air Force has
scheduled pi~duction of about 148
Atlas missiles.
Eventually there will be about
the same number or possibly it,
few more Titan missiles.
PT00782R000100070001-6
 Ippro
TIME-)1T~",R
NN, Va.
MAY 2. 19611
Engineer Af NASA
Dies, Riles Today
Funeral services for Russel'. L,
Schott, 51, an electrical engineer
at the, Langley Laboratory of
the National' Aeronautics and
Space Administration, who died
Friday night in Riverside Hos-j
pital, were conducted his after.'
noon at the Riverside Funeral
Chapel by, the Rev. Richard
Buckingham;. pastor of Tyler
Memorial Methodist C h n r c h,
Hampton.
Pallbearers' were Charles C.'
Decker, Frank. H. Watkins, Her-
hart F. Hardrath, ,Maynard, E!
Buckley, Lee R. Foster and Wit-'
bur B. Huston.
Burial was In. Parkiawn Me.
morial Cemetery, Hampton.:
A resident of 13 Ramsey U.,.
Hampton, Mr., Schott, was a
member of Tyler Memorial .
Church. .
Survivors are, his wife, Mrs.
Dorothy.M. Schott; two stepsons,
Robert E. Graham, of Hampton
and William D. :'xraham of Masi l
silon, Ohio; six grandchildren;
his father, August Schott, and aj
brother, Earl Schott, both of
Massaton._
l
ed For Release 2004/05/13 : CIA-RDP90T00782RQ~4Q,11000&iiQ,A6d.4e moon.
LOS ANGELES TIMES MAY 1 1960 (Presumably the l a t t e r
aItech Team
lane
est o
would be caused b,y the de-
tonation of nuclear blasts
on the lunar surface.)
The possibility that me-
teoric impact may be of suf-
ficient force and frequency
to produce seismic events is
being explored by other in-
vestigators who have count.
ed the number of craters
presumably made by me.
teoric impact in an area
covering some 3% of the
11 lunar surface.
Show Many Craters
These studies showed
BY 3,165 craters with diame.l
~
First seismic experiments planned for the Efirst shot and nalystgr
y esti a_ :a
rough, information on luna
waves and return sufficientdl'Nroxima ely 55,000 ion
~
structural features, but fol-,information to give a crude'in size impacting at 50,000
lowing researc'h' will show indication of the moon's
whether the moon has a composition and' its main
crust or core the origin structural f e a t u r e s, the
f --fiefm Q~irl _
p.h. During the 4.5 bil.
ion-year history of the,
,moon, this would give an
of its surface features and rb, -' -4- of this size) ? once ever
ono month,
Calteeh and Columbia
sule containing a battery-than on tlto earth.
powered seismometer that Might Produce Quakes
Will telemeter data to earth
stations for approximtltely:, They warned, too, that
Three Caltech Nscientistsj NASA launching vehiclesof smaller" meteorites. "is
yesterday detailed for the are increased, more com-many times more 'frequent
American Geophysical Un. Alex seismic instruments and probably sufficient to
ion in Washington the will be sent to the moon, provide seismic data within
forthcoming project ' to col- These should return con. the one-month lifetinme. of
lest basic data on the moon, siderably more informatiolithe seismometer, the scien-
The -paper, "A Lunar and' indicate, for instance;tists said.
Seismic Experimentwas not only whether the moon'
prepared by Dr. Frank has a core, but whether the
Press, director of. the Cal- .core is liquid or solid.
tech Seismological Labora- The Caltech experts ex-
tort' aild professor of geo. plaided the seismometers
physics; Mrs. Phyllis 'Bu-
walda, a scientist at the Cal- will give an indication of
tech Jet Propulsion Labora- the composition and main
tory, and Mrs. Marcia structural features of the
Neugebauer, a JPL physi- moon by picking up and re-
cist. laying the shock waves of
Plan Capsule Landing quakes as they travel over,
The Jet Lab, operated for the surface and through the
the National Aeronautics body of earth's natural
and Space Administration, satellite.
has been assigned the task T h e y noted; however,
of exploring the moon and that surface features noi'
the planets. ' ' malty associated with
First phase. of the pro- earthquake belts are not
gram, it was disclosed re- present significantly on the
cently, will be. to rough, ;noon, indicating that the
land -a 300-lb. capsule on the mechanism of seismic ener-
lunar. surface -- a cap- gy release -be diff rent
ment which is; expected from quakes caused by the
d dl- Ws2004/05/tPaoAf FR O VO0 '$ 000.100070001-6
he single d e t e c t o r s or by Inducing artificial
developing lunar seismome--'added, it may be possible
ters for the initial experi-to utilize data obtained
the moon may bo as@ignii'o.
-without seismic @borgy
 /0
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LOS ANGELES TIMES MAY 1 1960
15u bridge Blasts Space Idiots'; Calls for
own to Earth Stories About Problems'
~ speeds of present space- Cites Jet Lab around J u p i t e r
That's -
.
BY DON SHANNON I ships it would take 100,000 Denying that he is space science for you. And
Times Washington Bureaus years or so to get to Alpha E,against space" and citin achieved In a California
WASHINGTON, April 30.; Centauri. And, who knows? Caltech's Jet Propulsion' desert at a cost far less than
`The war might be over by.Labora.tory's $50 million-a- the cost of even a very
Another shot in the cam then"S, Du Bridge pressed year contract for space re. Small rocket!"
paign to replace' space frc- forward: scarl~
e.. as evidence that he I, Du Bridge voiced his
tion with space science was `But let's stick to the heestean refusal to budge from
Sion of a parliament, was that."7It was his contention that his)
concerning the charges of Unit. agreement with President 'ter-i
airspace, Camp Davidlast September had
The Premier predicted to fo;- provided that on the question
P Df Germany, and West Berlin'
eign diplomats earlier this weep there would be no ultimatums
that his talk on foreign and do- but also no stalling on effort
s,
mestic policies would contain to -comento at least an Interim: r xon the impeastiof that Mr.
(major suprises. Indeed, his re 4 I
about
Port of the plane incident came 'He spoke once again about a
M
n Dillon, as he had
as a shock to Westerners a.r;fj.;speech by
i
Thompson Jr., would mak ?? ' I e
comment on the develonmant ii aa'n on t thin epl
x1e. declared that it'was pre-
tumed by the Kremlin that both
)lanes had been based in either
urley, Iran or Pakistan, "which
Ore linked with. the United
or Lae, united States himself, done to put pressure on us and
when he :declared at his press to weaken us through their
conference that they expressed' alleged military superiority and
the American foreign policy thus t'o' weaken our determina-
lines. . ' ' tion. These actions are directed
"This circumstance makes the against any agreement on dis-
situation, even more gloomy.' puted questions. We cannot say
Letter From Eisenhower this plane was a dove. of peace
or an ambassador of goodwill,
Mr, Khrushchev said' he had It was a real bandit with ag-
i!eceived a letter from President gressive aims.
Eisenhower in which 'the. Presi- "We ritay say to the gentle-
dent had said he could stay' in men who senththis plane that
Paris only until May 23 and all their attempts to bring us to
then would have to return home' our knees and break our backs
after a stop in Lisbon, Portugal. by putting pressure on us can-
The President also informed snot affect the Soviet Union."
him, be said that if thesummit . The Premier expressed grati-
conference went beyond this tude to the military unit that
date Vice ' President Nixon) had fulfilled the task of "secur-
would be delegated to sit in for ing the borders of our country
the United States. with honor" by shooting down
the plane on May Day. This
gave him the opportunity to re-
peat a threat that the Soviet
Union would retaliate with its.
new rocket force against any
attack and that foreign bases
from which such an attack was
launched would also be de-
ernment of the United States."
"I have no,doubt concerning!
Mr. Nixon was 'concerned, Mr.
Khrushchev said be had already
met the Vice President on sev-
ment on such . critical questions
as liquidating the state of ten.
sion and cold war and stopping
dfnbs entitled to carrry ne_
gotiations at the summit, it
not consider the Intrusion as a
reconnaissance in . prelude to
believed the American people,
peace and friendship with the)
Soviet Union.
 Approved For Release 2004/05/1 n tlAW 4 lfaB ill S1
NEW. YORK TIMES MAY 6 That would have brought the
plane across the. Soviet border,
Reports Unarmed U-~ carried any radioactivity-detec- It was indicated.
;Mr. Bonney explained that
tion instruments. N A S A had taken over the
incident occurred in n?n weather - observation program
.... The
Vanished at Border of tte most sensitive regions on from its predecessor, the Na-
the Soviet periphery. It is -where tional Advisory Committee for
after Difficulty United States planes have been Aeronautics. The agency did noti
h
ave a sufficient number of
By JACK RAYMOND downed by Soviet aircraft be-
srcclal to The New York Times. and where, on the Turkish pilots to operate the weather
e planer, it contracted with Lock.
WASHINGTON, May 5--Th fore
side of the border, the United heed for this service.
United States said today an States has developed a network Air weather service units of
American weather-observation of, radar and listening devices the. Air Force provide the log-,..
plane flown by a civilian appar- to 'detect Soviet missiles shots tical support for the program in
ently went astray near the and nuclear tests. overseas operations. The N. A.
Turlcish-Soviet border. Sunda President Eisenhower heard S. A. has procured, ten U-2
Sunday,! of Premier Khrushchev's an- plane for weather observation.
when the pilot's oxygen supply nouncement while attending a These operate from bases in
failed. National Security Council :meet- California, (Japan and Turkey.
This was the official expl.ana ing in a secret air raid alert Other test flights have been bases in New
ton of the incident described b'y. mediate r pitbliclereordered port - oil r the lm- been ma~de Yorki Alaska, mEngland, Ger-
Premier . Khrushclev when he facts of the case. Until the many;. Pakistan, Japan, Okinawa
According to the official
statement, the pilot was
heavily instrumented U72 single-
engine plane, chartered from
the Lockheed Aircraft Corpora-
tion by the National Acronau-
tics and Space Administration.
The pilot was identified later
s Francis G. Powers, 30 years,
old, a Lockheed emnlove. I
d to ase
i
d t
p es
.w tau= gna,,
r
Plane Used in Ii[,r_aearcl! roun
three hours forty-five minutes, Lincgln White, State Dpart-
The plane was flying at an according to the statement. The went pokesman, issued a brief
altitude close to 55,000 feet,
making weather, observations
t over the Lake Va
area of
n
Turkey i Tl i. world-wide
1r, search Irc).~;i,m cegun' in
.1 )5G, a spokesman for the civil
Tian space agency sa.id._
The spokesman emphasized
that the plane was unarmed
and carried no military equip-
ment of any kind. He said it
was marked with the letters
N. A. S. A. in black on a gold,
yellow band and with a N. A.
S. A. seal, a globe inside
calipers. .
[Prent}er Khrushchev said
the plane doll]) bore no iden-
tification marks.]
The U-2, in addition to its
key Monday night.
The report made today by
the N. A. S. A. said that after
'the pilot had taken
Incirl k Air Base, Turkey, tto
study `gust-meteorological. con-
ditions" at a high altitude, he
reported about 9 A. M. Sunday
that he was having oxygen dif-
ficulties.
This was about an hour after
route wa''s said to have called statenent saying that the Unit.
for a northerly first leg from ed States would take up the
Incirli Air Base, a turn toward matter with the Soviet Union
the radio beacon at Lake Van, "With ! particular reference to
and additional turns to beacons
at Trabzon, Antalya and finally
back to Incirli, near Adana.
The pilot was said to have
reported on his emergenradio
that he was heading f'o'r the
Lake Van. beacon to get his
forego the rest of his route and
return to, his ' home base.
The report. noted that there
was no further word from the
pilot. The Lake Van area is
mountainous and rugged, agency
pointed out, but although an
aerial search was begun soon
after receipt of the last com-
munication, no sign of the air-
craft was sighted.
Hunt for Plane Continues
commercial, traffic moved across
Turkey in' flights between the
Mediterranean and the Middle
East. He said he was. unaware,
however, oti the possibility that
the pilot of the U-2 might have
been lured across the Soviet
borddr by false radio signals. .
President Eisenhower once
ntenti fled at a news conference,
in commenting on a previous
plane 'Incident, that the pilot
])light have been misled by a
the fate of the pilot." He added
that the United States had "ab-
solutely no information" on an-
other aleged American violation
of Sovi t all, space 'April 9 in
the arga of the Afghanistan-
Soviet border.
was developed by Lockheed): Not until Mr. Krushchev's an-
origina.lly for the Air Force ink nouncement today was there
a secret program' initiated In, any suspicion that! the Soviet
1954 to study radioactivity. re Union was involved, Walter T.
suiting from nuclear tests. Bonney, the agency spokesman,
said. Even today, he added,
The U-2 can maintain flight planes were still searching for
at altitudes up to 55,000 feet' the craft in a possibly "wasted
I for a long as four hours. It is' effort."
powered by a single Pratt &I "If the Soviets would identify
Whitney J-57 turbojet engine.' the U-2 as the plane they shot
down, we would quit looking for
In the high-altitude sampling it," Mr. Bonney said.
program U-2 aircraft have The spokesman observed that
taken samples of radioactive) if the pilot had continued to
fall-out by exposing filter paper suffer a lack of oxygen the path
to the atmosphere. I of rted the plane from its last re-
The position would be im-
The agency spokesman])?l d , 1~ p r,
that the U-2 missing in TUt+lt`Weeoirdt~~ot`fYKir4
CHICAGO TRIBUNE
I once of the American plane
over soviet; territory was an
" aggressive act " intended to
frighten the Russians in ad-
vance of the summit meeting
scheduled to open in' Paris
May 16.
Warns U. S. Allies
"One must conclude that
aggressive forces in the Unit.
ed States are taking action to
interfere with the summit,"
hru shchev said. He contend.
ed the west's attitude " dims
chances of success at the
talks."
Khrushchev warned Amer-
ican allies such as Turkey,
Iran, and. Pakistan-that na-
tions with American bases
must realize they are playing
with fire and can receive re-
taliatory blows.
He blasted President Eisen-
hower's suggestion that Vice
President Nixon might sit in
for him at the summit if the
President has to return to
Washington. Khrushchev, say-'
ling Nixon could hardly be.
thought of as a man interest.
ed in ending the cold war,
commented: "I am afraid that
if Nixon becomes entitled to
carry on negotiations at the
summit, it would be, as we'
say,in Russia, like sending a
goat to take care of the cab.
bage."
Assails Herter, Dillon
LTA c,,M D,...... a,..-i. tae ___ '
,^, W ww flower had informed him he
Gli;nm (f nCf (hrn4 ; could devote only seven days
Prospects for,! limit seemed to show that'
there. are certain United Statest
l vu [,1cJ 1c~L1 r4L1jig L'isenno 'Summitbalks er's freedom of movement,"]
MOSCOW, may 5 (M'-Pre-
mier Nikita S. Khrushchev, in
a blistering attack Thursday
on the United States, an.
nounced Russian forces shot
down_ an American plane Sun,
f clay -on Moscow's orders. He
said Russian rockets are.
ready to retaliate against fu..
Lure incidents. '
3 KN RDPPO7T
-to cheers-that the pros
He assailed Secretary of;
State Christian Herter ands
Douglas Dillon, undersecre~l
tary, for recent speeches "far
from giving hope of favorabl,`
 Approved For Release 2004/05 i13't'seKjc%Pt P ' bA10 0pr44 commercial
MAY b 1960 poring o t c es c
rdered c o in p 1 e t c in- air routes o fthe world."
TRIBYJNE h
d
o
a
CHICAGO
Made which. has been missing quires made into the incident, i Senate Democratic Leader
1 qn. j 1' y IS blade since Sunday. The pilot of declined to speculate on its \Lyndon Johnson [Tex.] told
the one-man single engine impact on the summit meet- reporters he has asked the ad
on Details of plane, not yet identified pub- ing and the President's ministration for full particu-
1 r?h dti1ed trip to Russia. lars about the missing plane.
e s c
Incident
licly, was a civilian emp o5
Johnson suggested t h a t
of Lockheed Aircraft coin The U 2 plane disappeared
Khrushchev may he using the
piny, maker of the plane. not far from the area where
an C-130 plane incident "to apply 1ev-
i
d A
c
mer
an unarme
BY LAURENCE BURR Pilot Tells Trouble military transport plane, with erage for the coming summit
Lincoln White, state de 17 aboard, was shot down by meeting."
CCIJcxan Tribune Press 9crvlcc"I
Washington, May 5-The pertinent press officer, said Russian fighters Sept. 2, 1958? Sen. Mike Mansfield [Mont.]
United States Thursday made the pilot reported by radio The Russians returned six assistant Democratic leader,
but said prospects for a success-
an inquiry, but no immediate about an hour after take off bodies have from claimed no the kno crash wledge ;ful meeting grim
protest, to Russia about a at 8 a. m. [Turkish time] I if summtheit it meets arearegoing
missing A in e r i c a n plane Sunday that he was having of thc~ other 11 aboard. to shoot fRuss
irst and complain
which Premier Nikita Khrush trouble with his oxygen NASA ment Said in' a the U-2 plane separate ne state- was later."
c h e v boasted the Russians equipnni nt. flying at standard altitude for -Mansfield said Khrushchev
shot down Sunday' over Red White said it is "entirely its missions, 50,000 to 55,000 left many questions about the
territory, cast of,Turkey. possible" that the pilot feet, wIien, last heard from by :plane unanswered in his
The state department and blacked out, from lack of radio an hbur, after take-off. speech. .
N a t i o xi al Aeronautics and oxygen and that the plaice Planned to Cut Trip "For example," the ? sena-
for said, " we hardly
space administration mean continued on automatic It said the pilot reported would
send a said, engine one man
while, at President Eisenhow-, pilot for a considerable dis-. oxygen trouble and said he to send a reconnaissance e plane n e
the man
g tance and accidentally `vio- was heading for the Lake Van or's direction, were to making'
area,; outside Russian terri border if our intention was to
their own inquiries into the sated Soviet air space, frighten the Russians as he
tort', to get his bearings, The [Khrushchev] contends. Nor
facts on the lost plane. White, who issued his state-, it t said, NASA reported, he
return to Adana in- would we paint out its mark-.
While t h e administration ment after conferring with pilot
refrained from protesting to Actin- . Seeretarylof State stead of continuing on the 3 ings. p
"Further, did the Russians'
!
Russia, pending further , in- Douglas D i 110 n, said the
hour, 45 minute scheduled
who .shot down the plane first
quint', members of Congress. United States is taking this flight. order it to land as any civi-
angrily denounced; Russia's matter up with ].he soviet gov- Nothing more was 'heard lined p e o p 1 e might be ex-
shoot-on-sight act against an ernment with particular ref from,, the pilot, and an aerial
petted to do? Did it occur to
erence, to. the fate of the search started within hours Mr. Khrushchev that the
unarmed plane. clot." He said American Am-
Tell Summit cloud p has failed so far to locate the plane might have been en-
bassador. Llewellyn Thompson plane., gaged in perfectly legitimate
Legislators said such an un- is making the inquiry of Rus- NASA said the dark blue pursuits and inadvertently
friendly act, by.Russia only 11, sian officials in Moscow: plane carried no nationality had gone off course and over
days before the summit. con- Wliite;said Thompson's ap- markings, but was marked on the border?"
Terence of western and Rus- proach is more an inquiry its tail w i t h the letters Sen. George Aiken [R., Vt.],
sign chiefs of government is than a protest at this stage. NASA" a foot high, and a member of the foreign re-
due to open in Faris casks a Claim Other Violation with the NASA seal,' 20 lations committee, said that
black cloud over summit pros White said the United States inches in diameter. if Russia, as indicated, shot
peas for advancing p e a c'e has `' absolutely no informa- Walter Bonn e y, NASA down our unarmed plane
hopes. tion " on another Khrushchev spokesman, said the plane is without warning, it is " a most
Sen. Styles Bridges [N, H.], claimed American violation one of 8 such planes making unfriendly action that would
charman of the S e n a t e of Russian. air space April 9 high altitude. weather studies cause some serious thought
near the Afghanistan border. for NASA under a contract about a summit conference."
G. o. P. policy committee; Altho `a search has been with the Lockheed. company. i Aiken said the Russian act
said the United States should going'on for the missing plane Four of the eight are based was in sharp 'contrast to the
demand, and get, an imnle- based at Adana since Sunday, at Adana. American navy's rescue re-
diate explanation from Rus President Eisenhower was un Big Commercial Route Gently of four Russian sailors
sia o nthe plane downing- aware it presumably had been Bonney said the plane adrift in the Pacific and to
tar- ---
Bridges said the President shot down by Russia until he ried on I y meteorological the friendly treatment they
should not , leave for the! was informed Thursday o equipment and cameras to were given.
's report, made i Sen. E. L. Bartlett [D., Alas-
summit talks unless he gets Khrushchev p record cloud cover and tur' ka] said President Eisenhower
an explanation.- The incident a belligerent anti - wester bulence, and had no radioac- " should go ahead with the
also cast a damper on-Pros speech to the supreme soviet Live measuring ' equipment summit conference despite
ident Eisenhower's scheduled parliament. aboar -The plane has a the crude, rude, provocative
visit to Russia June 10 thru The President received the speet of more than 500 miles remarks by Khrushchev" in
word during a National Se- an hour. his speech. Bartlett said the
1~ curity council meeting held Asked why the United Russian premier is "acting
The plane shot down by at a secret command post out States has weather research and talking like a village'
the Russians, officials said, side Washington.. He had planes flying over Turkey bully, but we have a mission
is presumably a NASA un- ' gone there by h e l i c o p t e r near the Russian fborder, ito perform and should per.
armed U-2 t o r` da cilesa l i B e2'6i(Q82F~1~~' ~~0O1-6
weather r e s e a r c ace,, A e r
based at Adana, Turkey,; I T Site of Past Incident I cont. on pigs.
 FROM YA 1iJ
I1U
lien, William Fulbright [D.,
Ark.] foreign relations com-
mittee chairman, called the
plane incident "very unfor-'
tunate" but said he wanted1
more information before. say.
ing more:
Sen. Jolan M. Butler [R?j
Md.] a s s e r t e d Khrushchev
should make an "immediate
and full apology" to Vice,
President Nixon for insulting
remarks the Russian premier
directed at Nixon in his
speech to the supreme Soviet
Khrushchev; r e f e r .r i n g to!
President Eisenhower's.state
ment that Nixon might fake
his place at the summit if ;the
sessions run more than a~
week, said this would , lief
BALTIMORE SUISt
MAY b 1960
U.S. Is Expected].
To Refute_R.ed I
d For Release 2004/05/13: CIA-RDP90T00782R000
Analysis
,rerJccess s Sovict Premier, aio
the last Big Four
summit conference, which began
July 18, 1955, at Geneva.
On June 22, 1955, while the Big
1''
Hy PAUL W. WARDour foreign ministers were en-
tt4n, i in,pGon Bu.rra,t of The SV.nl gaged at San Francisco in drafting
Washington, May 5--Soviet Pre 1?1' Destroy the prospectfor the ground rules for that summit
mien Nikita 1 pleasantly indecisive East-West conference, Soviet fighters shot
S. hhrusbchev shad down a United States Navy plane
tared today the foundations of xchangcs at Paris which Kremlin
publicists only recently had begun dear St. Lawrence Island Alaska.
1#ritish, French and American charging their Western counter- That did not keep the 1955 .sum-
planning for a Big Your summit parts with trying to create. mit conference from being con-
conference scheduled at Paris 2. Restore the Big Four summit i vend on schedule, nor-for a
eleven days hence. conference to the level of im- number of reasons-was the inci-
In his speech to ' the Supreme' portance that Khrushchev, its dent then exploited by the Kremlin
Soviet at Moscow, with its boast- chief proponent; originally had as an American attempt to "inter-
, about sought to give it and, in the fere with the summit."
fully b6llicose,announcement
an American lane having been process, make President, Eisen- All Crewmen Survived'
p shat down, bower's participation inescapable. Chief among those reasons was
; Khrushchev blasted What Khrushchev overtly strove the fact that, unlike the plane
away the basic Western assump- to create was a situation in which v linvolved in the incident that
tion that. he has compelling rea. the Big 'Three, especially the, Khrushchev exploited in that fash-
sons to conduct himself at th nited States,will annear to ion today, the plane shot down in
summit talks as one anxious tol be to blame if no East-West agree- 1955 crashed on American terri=
keep East-West tensions glow a ments 'relating to- disarmament tory and all the members of its
least until after President Eisen- orWest ierlin's future result from crew survived to testify to what
bower's scheduled June 16 to 19: ~ sumfiit conference. had happened.
visit to the Soviet Union. In.the context in which Khrush- The Kremlin in consequence,
N chef resented his case, Mr, could not mdke stick its usual
No Cancellation move p charge that the American plane
But Khrushchev's speech pro- Eisenhower would emerge At one had trespassed on Soviet air
duced no 'visible inclination on the singularly guilty of trying to block space and that its. crew had "fired
United States Government's part such" agreements if he were now first."
to 'move for cancellation or post- to refuse even to' meet with That has been the Soviet de.
ponement of that visit which Pres- Khi'usbchev and the British and fense in most of the eighteen
(dent Eisenhower, promised last French ]leads of government at, cases in which American planes
August to make in exchange for craft since World War If.
the visit l{hrushchev. made to the And if he were at all disposed It was not, however, a defense
United States nine months a.' to cancel his trip to Paris at this
' gopoint, London quickly would bring, invoked by Khrushchev today,
tldministr;atton spokesmen, in-
Addi
t
th
'
b
ng
o
e
to
efir contrary pressuresf th
toughness of his
oe eluding James C. Hage?.?ty, White kind. represented by the outcry speech were the fact that he made
House press
ecret
s
ary
New Yoe , strove to there a year ago when the United no charge that the American
United States s is May 5 expected to l- lf deenync stifle any speculation on that score States Air Force initiated high- plane had "shot first' ' ' to' justify'
to by rebuffing all attempts to draw altitude flights to West Berlin and
vigorously and quickly het?e a its being shot down last Sunday.
tlhem.into discussions of Khrush-its planes were buzzed in tlireat-
Soviet charge -that a United States chef's speech as one that might ening fashion by Soviet fighters. Ile defended, instead, what Stin-
mditary plane deliberately com- alter Mr. er'n ower's Soviet tour ator Mansfield (D., Mont.) called
nutted aggression by flying over Halted After Only
pl
li
n
f "
h
a
s a po
cy o
s
,-
oot first and com
Suviet territory. They, Including hincoln White, British newspapers screamed plain later" and in addition,]
Soviet Premier Nikita Khrush- then that such flights were "pro- chief State Departm~nt-press o1Ti. made no pretense that, before
c hev told his I'arli invent that car, were equally resistant to vocative" .and might spoil all
such a complaint would be made questioning about whether?Khrush-chances for settlement of the West,being shot at, the American plane
to the United Nation's Security Berlin question at the Big Four had been signaled to land in ac-
chew's speech and accompanying cordance with what the State
Council. A Soviet `delegation .foreign ministers, meeting that be-
announcement might compel Pies I Department referred to in an?
source said late today no rnstrtte gar at Geneva last May.
'dent Eisenhower to absent him-!
lions
along that line had been re 11 The British Government made other case as the rules of civIl-
ceived yet from Moscow. self from. the summit meeting atirepsesentatfons at Washington, ized international practice."
Many diplomats doubted that Paris, which, he said last, week,; and the high-altitude flights. Moreover, he took upon his
the Soviet Union would demand be would. not attend under "threats which the Air Force initiated Government full responsibility for
an urgent meeting of the Security of force: March 27, 1959, with President haling "ordered" the shooting
Council as it did April 18, 1958, Officially, the Eisenhower Ad- Eisenhower's advance approval four days ago, thereby providing
when Moscow accused' the United ministration's . position was that were halted after only three had additional differentiation between
States of risking war by sending been made. the latest' incident and the one
planes armed with ' 11 bombs and answers to such questions must That devel
on the eve of the 1955 summit
m
t
r
op
en
was
e
.? A-bombs on flights toward the await discovery of all the facts p
conference.
borders of the Soviet, Union relevant to the shooting incident, ended and in a summit' confer-
inelnHinc, whothor rho nlana hh_ ence context-two. months' ago ?Tn that, case, as in many others,
Aeronautical and Space Adminis'Ihis'return-xrw Uatiniinerica,
Appro
been missing since Sunday.
To Erase Indecision
Actually, the White House stand
was one of tacit acknowledgment
that Khrushchev's indictment o
thg ~J te~l,Sates '11 26 0w ~
hh11aE d'ce gas
President Eisenhower had de-
cided there was no "operational
necessity" for resuming the high-
altitude flights to West Berlin as
the Air Force had then proposed
to do.
e61z-t 'aft l e s
eve is almost a repetition of what
Marshal Nikolai A. Bulganin, his
ignorance of any shooting'and im-
plied that, if any had occurred,
it was done by trigger-happy
Soviet pilots, taking advantage of
their general orders.
Accordingly, Vyacheslav M.
Molotov, then Soviet Foreign Min-
ister, professed ignorance of the
 FROM PAGE
.June 22, 1955, incident off Alaska
when John Foster Dulles, then.
Secretary of State, took it up pri-
vately with him two days later
at San Francisco. He still was
professing such ignorance when
he held a forenoon press confer
euce there June 25._._
BALTIMORE SUN .
MAY 6 1960
unarmed Craft Was
On Mission Out Of
. Turkish Base
[Washin.gtonRu,reau'of Tlae S14n]
Washington, May 5-The United
States plane which Premier Nikita~
S. Khrushchev of Russia said the
Soviets shot down because it whs.
a militarycraft on an "aggres
sive" mission to "frighten," Rua-, signs, apparently was an unarmed
weather research aircraft :which
wandered into Soviet territorybe-
cause its pilot was unconscious:
This was the State bepartment's
interpretation of the incident which
the Kremlin boss used in a spce9h'
before the Soviet Parliament ?0"1.
whi
u
antiA
i
p
p
mer
can sentiment
from the members, and in which
he threatened Western' allies, took(
a slap at Vice President Nixori,
and said the chances of the ' com-
ing summit conference were di.
minirhrd b
th
t
y
e dden
Oxygen Equipment Difficulty
t in the
Yl tea list of tec7micaY~inslxumenfs
pilot losing consciousness, the. aboard the plane, but it did not
plane continued on automatic include any cameras.
pilot far a considerable dis- Under questioning, however,
tance and accidentally violated So- Walter T. Bonney, NASA spokes-
viel air space. man, said cameras to record cloud
"The United States is taking formations are a part of the equip.
this matter up with the Soviet ment, but no cameras for map-
making or reconnaissance were
Government with particular refer- aboard.
euce to the fate of the pilot." Neither, he said, was there
Llewellyn E. Thompson, United I equipment on the plane' to meas-
States Ambassador- at Moscow, tire radio-activity in the air.
has received instructions to get
more facts, Lincoln White, depart-
ment press officer said. Initially,
Thompson is making an "inquiry,"
Committee, while saying it was
"very unfortunate that this kind
of an incident should occur"
added he wanted more informa-
tion before commenting further.
Johnson Asks Details
Senator Johnson (Texas), Demo-
cratic leader and chairman of the
Space Committee, said he had
asked the Administration for full
art" 1 11
d
r c
u
is on to mcident.
Insignia On Tail Assembly l
Bonney denied that the plane "I do know," he added "that for
was unmarked, as Khrushclev some time NASA has been using
charged. high flying aircraft [Lockheed
lie said the tail assembl U.21 for upper air weather studies
car
questioning. Fled a 20 inch NASA iusi>*nia': and to various portions of the world
t
- Iin connection with the aeronautical
No word has been received in
Washington from the Russian Gov-
ernment. Neither the White House
of the downing of -the plp.ne until' Asked why the weather planes
Khrushchev made his speech in are used in that area, the. NASA
Parliament, although it. wasp spokesman said one, of the most
known for. several days that the important global air routes run
NASA. weather research plane was directly through there.
missing. : He said flights out of Adana are
.The NASA report said the Hint l fre0u6nt- but fharo id+ r..
ucuLluc;u.uy the LoCKneed
Aircraft Corporation as Francis
G. Powers; 30, of Albany, Ga.-
reported only one hour out of
Adana last Sunday -en route to
rake Van that he was having
difficulty with his oxygen equip.
meint
I-Ie said, be would try to get
yellow background were the let-
ters NASA, 12 inches high. There
were no markings on the, wings,
ctnc schedule for them. .
"'We Could Stop Looking"
-Bouncy said the search for the
plane was still going on, adding: ;
Beacon, close , by the Turkish i Where was no indication that
Soviet border, and would return the plane was trapped 'or misled
to Adana instead of completing his, by Soeiet radio signal 01,
meet
scheduled 3-hour, 45-minute Right it, the spokesman said.
of 1,400 nautical miles.
No Evidence C. Hagerty, White House!
That was the ce last Of Crash
from press secretary, declined to ans-1
,
the pilot. or of the plane. wet any questions about the inc.=
An aerial search was inStifnf,r1 dent, including what effect itl
''If the Russians 'would care' to,
Identify the plane as the U-2, a
civilian plane carrying no arma-;
Iment and only research equip-
ment; then we could stop looking,"I
responsibilities.
"If I am correctly informed,
there was a NASA plane which is.
now missing on a flight last Sun-
day. The flight started from the
Adana region of Turkey and was
apparently conducting these alti-
tude weather studies. The pilot
reported oxygen trouble and was
heading. back toward Adana when
he lost contact, and has since gone
unreported.
"I note Khrushchev's state-
ment' says .the plane shot down
was unmarked: If I am correctly
informed, all NASA planes are
clearly marked and are on strictly
peaceful missions. It may be that
Khrushchev is simply using this
as an incident to apply leverage
for the coming summit meetings."
Senator Bridges (N.H.), chair-
man of the GOP. Policy Commit-
tee, called the development a
"very serious matter."
"This certainly is not indicative
of a friendly approach to a sum-
mit meeting which the Russians
have been seeking to have for a
long time. An immediate expla-
President, Eisenhower ordered,
the State. Department and' the
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration to make' a report..
The State Department said
NASA had announcedl. two days
ago that one of its unarmed,.,
single motor jet-prop U-2 weather
research planes. based at Adana,
Turkey, and piloted by a civilian,
had been missing since May 1.
During the flight, and while at
between 50,000 and 55,000 feet
altitude, the pilot reported diffi?
culty with his oxygen equipment,
official reports .stated.
The State Department report
indicating the aircraft crashed.
The area is mountainous and very
rugged
Since inception of the research Mr. Eisenhower. had ordered the
program by NASA's predecessor, inquiry and report from a secret
site
the National Advisory Committee where he and the members
of the
for Aeronautics in 1955, the flYin National Security Council
g went by helicopter this morning as
weather laboratories have op- a part of a civil defense exercise.
crated from bases in California,
New York, Alaska; England, Ger Congressmen Cautious
many,, Turkey, Pakistan, Japan,' While the President knew the
'Okinawa and the Philippines. NASA plane had been missing for
The U-2 planes presently are several days, he did not know
being used in California (one) the Russians bad. shot it down
Japan, (three) and Turkey (Adana, before he left the White House
i
b
l
our,
nc
out .7.30 A.M.
uding the lost plane.) a
Two other. planes have crashed Thus far, the White House has
one in Germany, the other rn made no comment 'whatsoever
California. about the incident. Hagerty, at his
"Mr. Khrushchev has announced'; The instruments carried aboard arternoon briefing, brushed, off
the planes permit, the NASA said, question. after question concern-
been shot United States plane hall obtaining more precise informa- ing it. "No comment"
been all he
hut down over the U.S.S.R.' tion about clear air turbulence would say.
on that date. It may be that this, convective clouds, wind shear, the' _Congressional reaction. was
wa
th
is
i
l
s
e m
s
ng p
ane jtt 1
.e.sream, ons, co
Concern For Pilot's FatAppi'OA({dG~z~YQraA W@
It is entirely possible that, hav-t atmosphere. .
.nation and response to the shoot-
ing own o tints Plane should be
had. ,
"I don't think the President,
should depart for , the summit
meeting until he gets it."
Senator Mansfiled . (Mont
)
.
,
Democratic whip, told the Senate
that if the Russians are going to
"shoot first and complain later,
then indeed prospects for the
coming summit are grim."'
He said he' understood from
first reports that the President
had "no knowledge of the plane
incident.".
"If that is the. case, we have
got to ask whether or not this
Administration has any real. con-
trol over the Federal bureauc-
racy," he said, "Can any agency
of this Government, without the
knowledge of politically responsi-
ble officials, assume for itself the
right to probe for scientific or
chairman of the Foreign Relations ! Con't, on page
 r /&
HERALD TRIRU.NE JAY 6 ~
~J~~ pproved For F2elease4/05/13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
j~~ s Inflammatory;
Speech Sine~ihTWar
T has for some time been apparent Finally; tU ie Is the Possibility that
that the Western leaders have antici-l'
again Khrushchev is attempting to
pated little from a summit conference pressure the free states on the Soviet
except some improvement in thelborder, by threatening then; with a
International climate, some relaxation wrath to come if they continue their
of tension-a detente, to use the close association With the' United
diplomatic phrase. States.
expect even that. Whatever the Soviet , }~remler's
t
_.-_
He has
hi
m
o
s oti
crate brutality-the shooting down of fileinma which ...vo 4110
the original, Proposal
an unarmed American plane near his ;or P. summit meeting createSl `.for the
borders. And he has backed this United States government, ;True,
murderous act by the most intlam-Khrushchev hag not presented this
matory speech that has come front country with an, ultimatum, a threat
the lips of the responsible head of any of action with a; definite time' li;'rnit,
great power since the end of World Which President Eisenhower refused
War II, to accept as a background for Big
That shooting down the weather ?a'Our discussions on Berlin.. l3'ut, his
plane was premeditated : is the ;nevi- insults have been so flagrant, and the
table conclusion from Khrushchev's prospect of any amelioration of the
reference to another alleged border international situation now seems so
crossing in the neiglbbrhood of remote that a journey to the summit
I Afghanistan, and his assertion that appears only an exercise in futility,
on the second occasion "the order'was It Is the President who must deter-
given to shoot down the invader." mine whether the meeting iriParis,
As for the speech, its bellicosity, its ten days hence, offers any hope of
imi)lication that President Eisenhower practical accommodation. The country
is the prisoner o some sin's er forces; will back his decision in the matter.
its coarse animosity toward Vice-
President Nixon have few parallels This nation wants peace, it
in the public pronouncements of wants a less strained and danger-
Pus international atmosphere.! But
it is under no obligation to
al
s
-
Tt may not be very rewarding td low, without Protest , what ver
search out the, sources of Khru- violence of word and deed suits
shchev's performance before the Su- Khrushchev's mood or,.PYTP.(?.0*.,"A7
preme Soviet. A volcano which alter-
nately erupts soft soap and wsiite-hot-
lava, the Russian Premier is still a
Psychological and political enigma;
Nevertheless, the combination of act
and word
it
w
h whichKhhch
.rusev
has confronted the West is so serious
that some attempt must be made to
understand it. - -
The most obvious conclusion'is that:
Khrushchev is not satisfied with a
summit which ,promises no i 'pre than
sonic general detente: - He 4 ,.-ants a
Berlin solution and a Germanolution
on his own terms and mako- ',these.
threatening gestures to insui,;that
his demands will be taken seriylly.:
There Is,.
c,__
l
s
a
- within the Soviet Union and
in command in Peiping to tape a'
tougher line toward the, West. ` The
shake
-up in the Soit hih
veg command,
though its Implications. are still.
ownned. Craft
Could Fly ,at
15O,??.0 Feet
,figures on the cost and past
service of the particular U-2
which may have been shot down
are not immediately available.
N. A.' S. A. spokesmen said
about a dozen such planes have
been in use since 1956 in joint
upper-air research with the Air,
Force, -
For Heavy Loads
The U-2 was designed to
carry heavy'loads of research
gear ten miles high and keep
them there long enough to
make delicate studies. Speed
was sacrificed for the ability to
fly high, -
Information sought? Data
about the thin air in which
air liners of the- future may
operate-causes of clear air -
-turbulence, wind shear, the jet
'stream, cosmic rays, concen.
tration of various elements. In
the, upper atmosphere, move-
ment of contaminants from.
nuclear tests.
First flights were over the
western United States, ema-
ciating from the Atomic 'Prov-
ing Grounds in Nevada. Since.
1956, flights have been, }Wade.
from various parts of the world -
offering different climatic con-
ditions -- from. Alaska,. New -
York, Germany, England, Tur-
key, - Pakistan, Japan, Okinawa
and the Philippines.
Lockheed designed and built
the U-2 with its own funds to.
test engines, fuel systems and
materials in continuous flight
at high altitudes-=-tests not
possible in altitude chambers.
After; it was built N. A. S. A.
became interested and - has
since used such' planes in its
civilian scientific. tests.
When it was built the - plane-.
was . a'- type s9' new-neither a
fighter nor a bomber-there
was no designation for it.. So
they. invented -- one-U for
utility.
Heavy-Load Jet For
High-Altitude Tests
WASHINGTON, May 5, (AV).
The Lockheed U-2 airplane-
presumably the one Russia
claims to have shot down last
Sunday-is one of a type cap-
able of extended flight at alti-.
.tudes between 50,000 and 55,000
feet. It is capable of speeds up
to 70 per cent of the speed of
sound.
The NationviI Aeronautics
and Space Adr istration de-!
scribed it as a traiaht-winr_
obscure, might be connecte with this' single-enginet' ;craft, . origi-1
process. Approved For. ~si013iseCA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
~___ a t u e ate t vehicle. It
 Approved For Release 2004/05/13
NEW YOB& TIMES MAY 6 1960
Data Sought From Envoy in
Moscow as Washington
`Reacts With Restraint
dent publicly before Informing.
the United States. I
The Premier's approach ap-1.
peared to officials here to be an,
effort to incline the Western,
ltty WILLiAi 3. JORDE11l own positrons. He has given not
Special to The New York Times. Li!n of being prepared to mod-1
WASHINGTON, May g,_ify his own demands, paeticu-~
straint today to Premier.Khru-.j"iiiii ULL%:i[4ii Paiu.
It
was - noted that Mr
,
shchev's announcement that a-
Khrushchev ss,id nothing new
United States plane had been today on any of the; major
shot down Sunday on Soviet; problems that the governm.entai
territory.
There were some angry words
on Capitol Hill-Including, a
suggestion that President Eisen.
hower refuse to go to the sum-
nut meeting with 'Mr Khr.u.
shchcv In Paris May 16. Bt}t` the
Administration would say"little
more than that additional in-
formation was being sought
from Moscow.
A message went: to Ambas-
sador Llewellyn E. Thompson
Jr. In Moscow this afternoon in=
structing him to request more
details from the Soviet author-
ities.
The text of Mr. Khrushchev's
long speech to the .Supreme So-
viet became available to offi.'
vials only late this 'afternoon.
Their first reaction was that he
seemed to be preparing the way
for placing the blame for a gum statements have reduced -,t,h ose
mit ailuram ati_ *.. _
Called Pi-e-Summit Move Berlin, counting on a waken
TTo.,,d,......,.__ (inn of:Allied:re ,....
leaders could expect little `soft- pess otticrals here that helvy
pressure from Mr. Khrushchev
Hess from him at the vo
outlook for the summit meeting. The White House` dccli,-red
Mr. Khrushchev said that the any comment on this prq lxem,
'James
Governments of, the United is a teens oSecretary
erty,.Press States, Britain and France did to say anything ., about he
not seem to be lookin forward downed aircraft or, the -jx'si?
4o settlement of major East- .,dent's plans..
West differences at the summit. There is. a feeling ? ai ohg
The State Department admit some Soviet +
red the possibility that the; mier Khrushc]
der s
Plane. identified here as an un?
armed U-2' weather reconnais-
sance craft of the National
Aeronautics and .Space Admin-
istration, might have crossed
the Soviet frontier by accident.
The question was raised, how-
ever, Why the weaponless craft
had been shot down and` not
merely forced to tans r,+..,..
Ipeaee treaty Wren -tne' s;ast
German Communist regime-
Such a treaty Mr. Khrush-
chev said, would' end Allied
The Western :Governments
have said they would not permit
any lessening of their rights In
Berlin. They : have hoped to
ome pressure to ]alOpt,;' a
tougher stand in foreign f Ts,
It is believed that some o t'p
e
Premier's coleagues In tine So?
viet hierarchy, have eon pit
that tnn .,, ..,e. i.,.i,_ - .1 Fd
tensions and of peacefuN dk
istence with, the West we ensl
internal discipline In p r of
the' Soviet bloc.
CIA-RDP90TOO782R000100070001-6
WASH, DAILY NEWS MAY 5 1960
U.S. Could Lose Its -
Areedom ' in Space Race
'By ALBERT M. COLEGROVE Scrfpps-Howard Staff Writer
LOS ANGELES, May - 5--American might win the'
race to space"---=and lose her. freedom by creating an -
All-powerful Federal government better than Russia's.
This possibility was getting tratlon, ?would drastically cut
serious thought...here today the flow of aviation and space
alter two developments: news to the public. Companies
? Ralph Cordiner, - big-tirpe with Government contracts
Industrialist, has d e 4 o t e d would be forbidden to divulge
tlt u c h time to helping, the off, freely given, information
Government, study its- prob-
lems. He said last night if NEW FRONTIER
we keep on witl- the Idea that Mr. Cordiner, board chair-
conquering space is' purely a man of General Electric Co.,
Government job; - we - may -told a University of California
wind un "iw thes'at 1 t..fl;, ,.p audience at T.na An..ntoe +),_+
Mr. Cordiner pointed out
that "any inventions first ap-
plied in - connection with a
Federal space project
regard-
,
less Qf -how they were devel-
tier.., The riches We find on the
moon or other planets may
make those discovered by the
early explorers of India and
the new World look like mere,
aped, automatically become
the exclusive property of the
Federal Government.
The Aviation Space Writ.
,
ers Association, an organiza- our probing into . the vast
eae
of space "is going to
tion of 944 newspaper and
d
nd,
convention here voted unani? 'nat'ty on our Government. financing, and hence on Gov-
censorship edict of the . De ernmtrit direction and con'
Tense Department i troi, Mr:_ Cordiner?- said.._
This edict, drawn up by ] . ?
Assistant. Defense Secretary
consideration by the Adminis-~
sac. j A-1
prIety of the Soviet Premiproved For Release 2004/0 /13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
trifles, he added.
Like'the 15th and 16th cen-
tury sailing ship expeditions
j
 ApRFRgftd&NL e g 20 95613 i JbA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
M0 S C 0 W, May 5 He issued-a s-e v --SI A (E-UP
(UPI) Premier NikitaUnt to Sthe ~s sh
uld
i
'
o
realize
t Th
nhhih
e;ew canges, wc Khrushchev said todaymight suffer as a consequence were decided on yesterday in
the Soviet -Union Shotin. dealings with the Sovietparalbl meetings by the 133-
down an American plane lUnion. memr pat-ty Central Cam-
Sunday inside Soviet ter SUMMIT mittee and the Presidium of
ritory, the Supreme Soviet, were
Along 'with the alleged vlawed by political experts
Khrushchev told the na shooting down of the plane, here as ; a reshuffle rather
tion's Supreme Soviet (parlia Khrushchev predicted there than a purge.
ment) that the plane did not was 'little hope" for success TTnnet of 'rho
' a
s
and that it flew.:alto t15e b-l neeting
vi in Paris scheduled to were .discredited or thrown
et Union from a neighbor- begin May 16. out of the Central Committee
ing country, I " completely as happened with
It is difficult t
k
ow
o
n
now~
the .lfolotdv group
(An American Lockheed to regard such action just two
U -2 extreme high altitude weeks before the summit years ago.
weather a rronualssance plane meeting " he said
Culture, rep ac , Nikolai
Mikhailov who recently has
been criticized In the Soviet
press. She had been directing
the ministry. anyhow from
her Presidium post.
Vladimir . Novikov, a vice
premier and chairman of the
State Planning Committee of
the Russian Federation,
appointed a USSR vice pre?
mier and chairman of the Na-
tional P1annIng Committee
succeeding Kosygin. He is a
prominent economist.
three
of the National Aeronautics Rather it appeared obvious
and S p a c e Adlninistrafion Khrushchev looked up from the !mve was designed to!
peaIvith one Juan aboard disap? spearostrum where
ng toward i U. he was improve leadti c ersh p government .
g urk ? .a-
iGiins of southeastern rn rit Turke e sador LlewelltntinThompson er, more efficient administrg
a-
this week end. Y u~,ho. ? was sitting . In the, tors.
balcony.
('t`he spot where the plane ;,
was reported missing is 60 What 'id they think? Did
miles from the Iranialt hor- they think that they (the
der and loo miles from So? United States) would go un
viet Azerbaijan. Planes fro]n punished?" he asked.
wlleenls fair vCrce Jisase In "One.
Tropoii have been searching, must conclude that
for it since with no success.) the aggressive forces in the
United States are taking ac-
Khrushchev told the parlia- tion to interfei-ewith the
ment amid applause that anI summit,"
investigation proved the, V=ho sent the plane off?"
the plane plane was had flown American: He said
the Khrushchev. asked, still look.
in thn
"
Iran, or Pakistan.
Was it sent With hte consent
of the chiefs' of the American
YOUNGER MEN 1 armed forces?
The Soviet Premier ad-j "Was it sent by the Pent a-
dressed the supreme Soviet gon. without the President's
shortly after the Russians an- i knowledge?
nounced a massive govern-
"If it was done without the
rrient and party shakeup that
moved president's knowledge t h e
younger men into high people should know about it,'
posts but left Khrushchev Khrushchev told Parliament.
still unchallenged at the top.
The shuffle took Frol Koz- Khrushchev said the al-
loy out of his government leged incident occurred at 5:35
post as first deputy premier a? in. local time (11:35 p. m.
and catapulted him into al "The order was given to
high Communist Party posi.? Saturday night EDT).
tion--a streamlined Party See-1 shoot down the Invader and
retariat of seven men which the order was executed," he
h o l d s ultimate power in.said.,
Russia. ,
"It appeared that the plane
Khrushchev's a n n o u n c e, was American altho the Aden-
ment that an American plane tification marks were painted
had been shot down was met out."
first with loud applause from "_ stern rotest will be
the joint session of the : Su-made and we will .inform
preme Soviet. Cries of indig-:them (the United States) that
Jbp
nation followed when F c bit3i4r c ewd}ygr3vi}],ta~1~~
plained the details ~~'"o n1'rv-
In the Soviet Union the!.
Communist Party is more
powerful than the govern-'
ment. Khrushchev's,principal
power ' comes from the fact
that he is the party's first sec-
retary, 'Ile took on the added
title of premier so he could
sit in at international coun-
cils as his country's govern-
ment leader too.
FOLJLL, DROPPED
Today's announcement said
four persons had been dropped
from the 10-member secretari? 1
at of the party's Central Com?
mittee- Alexei Kirichenko,
Averki Aristov, Pyotor Pos-
pelov ant'. Nikolai Ignatov-
while Kozlov was added to It.
Two persons were dropped
from the Presidium of the
party's Central Committee_
Kirichenko and Nikolai I. Bel-
yayev-and three a d d e d-
Alexel Kosygin, Nigolai Pod-
gorny and Dimitri Polyanski.
Kosygin also was given
Kozlov's government job of
first deputy premier. The
other first deputy premier is
Anastas Mikoyan, whose po-
sition was not changed.
It was the biggest reshuffle
since June, 1957, when an
anti-party group was purged.
Mme. Ykaterina Furtseva,
 Approved For Release an1rfteqVuire6PryV e O
;A
--- fd 1 ti
e
ra
BU'ID cian i n charge, workers on
CUBA ING the project reported.
1, At certain points, massive
concrete installations h a d
ISS'LE.PADS been added, Ugalde said.
I i These foundations would be
suitable only for use as. mis-
su a pads, he opined.
PROBERS" TOLD Sees Military ,Use
Representatives of the do-
r arm e r intemg
Chief.Testi ies
By WILLARD''EDWAIIDS
[Chicago Tribune Pres :S0rV1ceJ
e
a
a on agency regu?
lations.
Shergalis, 33, of Hollywood,
Fla., and Rundquist, 35, of
San Rafael, Cal., have never,
returned from Cuba since the
March 21 flight.
' According to the story out
of Cuba that day, they landed
their rented plane near Ma
taiizaS and were surprised by
Cuban soldiers who fired on
then!! and brought.therh down
as they attempted a takeoff,
The (report. was that Rand-
..
of all information received," the~futlM t~~-qw~~ 7-b".7-T,
U g: a I de, testified, " is that .
these In'stallatiorjs are for,
military use only, not for ag-?
ricultural or tourist purposes
Washington, May 4" - A'
former intelligence chief in
LdLI
Own
Cuba told S e n ate investz
gators Wednesday ,that' con th
crete bases suitable for mis ,,
wile launching have been
constructed in southeastern
Cuba. r a
ie can be'no question
sera et bases are :being
eructed for attack upon
American democracies:"
Indict Two Pilots
The witness s aid that. a
Col.. Manuel A'n t on 10 ; number of Russian military
Ugalde Carrillo, who left' advisers have arrived in Cuba
d cba in anuailoca ~9, o since, January, 1959. Twenty
g t four Russian tcshnicians live
" launching pads " at Cienaga together near Camp Colom-
de Zapatas, in the midst of bia, outside Havana, he said,
ntos uito n.tvStQcj_swanr~7land, and travel by helicopter daily
about 100 miles from the, to staff headquarters. Four
Florida coast.
Acting Chairman Kenneth
as the Cuban government
R. Keating `[R., N. Y.] of the
Senate internal security sub-
committee quizzed .the wit;
ness closely.
12 Mile Long "? highway".
Ugalde said herxeocived big
information from workers, on
the concrete installatians who
had been told they were
building a? super-highway de-
signed to attract tourists and
hotel.at.Santa Clara, he
.added.
Washington, May 4 VP)-A
federal grand jury at M'iami,
1, Fla.; charged Wednesday the
flight of an American private
plane io Cuba last March 21
was arranged by the Fidel
Castro government.
Deputy. ~ A t t y. Gen. Law-,
rence E. Walsh, who an-
nounced the indictment here,
said it named William J,
Shergalis, one of the Ameri-
provide 'transportation ,for
workers in, rice fields;'
The. `.'highway," the *it
ness said was about;12? miles
long, about 16 feet. wide at,
each end,'but widening in the
middle to mote than60 feet
for several miles, making it
available for 3(1. planes. The
widened area was of?greate.r
!depth and 'one stretch had
torn up and deepened at the
orders of -a Russian , techni
can pilots aboard, and Hector
Garcia Soto, a representative
of the Cuban air force in
a Miami, with having acted. as
agents, in this country of the
Castro government without
registering under the foreign
agents registration act.
second indictment
turned. by- the same grand
jury charged Shergalis and
Howard L. Rundquist; the
other American involved in
the flight, with having.. de
parted from the Unite
Approved ForRelease. 2004/05/1
OS ANGELES TIMES
NAY' 1 t960
Space OfficialsRapped
i or Low Cosh Estimates
Astronauts' Project $150 Million Under.
What Is Needed, Senate Committee Says
WASAINc'ON, April 30
(1P)-Top civilian space offi-
cials drew r I t.icr.;m from the
Senate Space Committee to-
day for underestimating total
costs of the man-in-space
project by $1J0 million.
At the same time the Sen-
ate group, headed by Sen.
Johnson (D-Tex.), indicated
that original requests for
$1,048,300,000 by the Na-
tional Aeronautics and Space
Administration for the new
year had been cut back some
,$133 million or about 13%.
Thy critical comments ac-
companied a voluminous and
highly technical outline. of
NASA projects, for which
the Senate group unani-
m o u s 1 y recommended an
authorization of $970 million
during. the 12 months that
began July 1.
Provide Cushion
Johnson said this is $50
million more than President
Eisenhower had requested
,and the House had approved.
Johnson said the extra $50
million will provide a cush-
`i.on for possible scientific
;breakthroughs or setbacks
'in-the space program.
: CIA-
struction, which the admin-
i;tration asked a n. d the
House approved apparently
without including it in their
totals.
Dr. T. Keith Glennan,
NASA director, was closely
questioned by Sen. John
Stennis (D-Miss.) about Glen-
nan's. estimates a year ago
that costs of the man-in-
space. project-known as
Project Mercury -would be
about $200 million.
$350 Million Estimate
Stennis, who presided at
most of the hearings on"the
space bill, drew from Glen-
nan testimony that Mercury
costs now are estimated at,
nearly $350 million. I
Stennis asked why Glen-
nan was so far off in his ear-
lier estimates.
Glennan said that when
the first estimate was made
the man-in-space program
was only five months old.;
Since then, he said, a need
has developed for more cap-
sules, more boosters and the
number of manned and un-
manned flights had been in
creased. .
He said costs of the net
works and tracking system,
p
",wo MUM
d?to follow the space!
of : the astronauts also had'
jumped some 50%.
 Approve ForRe1'ease'Z'ut
LOS ANGELES TIIVMFB MAY 1 1960
Young Critic of Missile Defense
My . Argue Way to Cabinet Post
.: SAN DdEGO, April 30 l1P1 For nine years'before last
A man to watch: Tore Land March 15, Lanphier was vice
phier. I president and assistant to
There's an outside chance the president of Convair Di-
this super-salesman of mis- vision of General Dynamics
siles, recently turned proph- Corp. As the right hand of
et of doom, may become a Convair boss Jack Naish,
national figure. Lanphier had a major role
in developing - and selling
A precipitous young exec- -Convai
Atl
th
'
l
r
as,
s
e on
y
utive who. quit a $10,000-a United States inter conti-
year job in March to bias
P'resid'ent Eisenhower's de nental m i s s i 1 e curPently
fense policies, Lanphier lia ready for combat.
given himself three months Obsessed With Idea
1,s
to argue his case before the Lanphier `says that iii re
American public: cent months he has becomJ
-
reui, ne says, express ap-
newspapers and inagazines,Ithe nation" is in. mortal dan-111 r.
Lanphier is hammering out er and that he ersonallproval. But there are a few
personally liis charge. that Mr. ,Eis.era ,hist o stimet 11 iii fiao'ui#so viciaGrs that he ,has be
!lower r5 g ambling with < Democracy g a cannot Sur- come concerned forfo tlaeafe-I America's survival by, fail ty of hts wife and children.
viv' u 1
e
ing to call for more missiles
and. bombers,
At the end of the c00 days,
Lanphier's personal gamble
will come to an end.
A. Man to Itecli on With"
By that, time, a is 'friends!
say, Lanphier may be a man
to reckon With. If he suc-
ceeds, in :making a name for
himself in the election, year
debate on 'United States de-
fense posture, they say, 116,
could wind up as secretary
of Defense.
His enemies -i and Lan-i
phier admits he has made
plenty--say he'll be lucky if-
lie-can get a jolt selling
shoes.
Lanphier. says lie has no
plans past June.
"I can finance myself un-1
til then," he says. "After
that I'll have to, get a job
What kind of a job depends
on how successful I've been
in what I set out to flo
Who is Lanphier and What
has he set out to do?
Lanphier. at 44 is a tall,
heavy-set' man who' over-
whelms his quarry. with a
flood of words and ideas al
most too swift to cornpre daughters, long accustomed
her, husband completely. .-.
even to paring the family
budget while he is jobless.
Hints of Danger
"I don't think w n m e n.
should direct -their hus-
bands' action, says Phyllis.
"Men should do what they'
feel they have to do."
In addition to public criti
cism, Lanphier's stand, ha's
brought hints. of personal
danger.
Since ~iis resignation he
has rece;ic~od hundreds
f
o
elegrafn"s. -Most
bend. to a hrg. g?. aIjV11
high standard of livin and the election. .
"You may not know what! "I.am thinking about their
11e s. associate, auuui,, baya all
associate, "but"before
through you're ready toy
e
ss we prepare to de- Lanphier's opposition to
fend it. We can't keep blam- Mr.. Eisenhower is not his,
ing Eisenhower. The" fault first. clash with. ,an adminis-i'
lies in the indifference. oftration. Ten years ago, when the:people. If I can stir them. lie was a special research
up---awaken -them to thearland-de'elopment assistant-to
dangers and their i~esponsi Secretary of the Air Force
bilities-l shall have done S t u a i} t Symington, Lan-
what I set out to.do." pliier'a burning crithusiasm'
It.was all attack last Feb- for air power scorched sev-1
ruary on Mr..Eisenhower. Pral ,c.,t,ate Department noses.
and the status of the ICBM PresiaW 200 -9Q31t13 :
mhe Democratic presidential "We are building up a mill-
WASHINGTON POST MAY 9 1960
Soviet tapers Rib U
By A. I. Goldberg
MOSCOW, May' S (AP)--Soviet newspapers
fresh details today on the capture of pilot.
Powers and ribbed the United States in cartoo
failure of his acknowledged intelligence fl
Rusaian territory.
"Take off and landing", was
the title of a Pravda drawing
Yin' 'tlae' case of the 30-year-I
old American flier ' whose'
high-altitude Lockheed U2 -jet
was downed by a racket as It
[The Embassy h
sped above the Urals .s Week;,
servers said it Was
paper 'cartoon showed a pilot the first time Ameri
in two situations: first eying itieseehim will
s . out with ` a Pentagon helmet press conference,
topped,by a dollar sign flag, [Under; the 1933
then s aking under guard of Litvinov agreeme
,Soviet soldiers at a table has been honored
loaded with a movie camera, breach than in the
I packets of money, a dagger the arrest'of an A
fication of thp I Em
captured alive, a
during every. m
flight across Rus
survived a high
Workers on
e U. S.
400 tele-
citizens
d Press
not yet
ere. Pow-
And. ob-
n author-
e at the
oosevelt-
ore in ,the
bservance,
s for. noti-
ssy within
Ing' ? more I
a uniform
nd pressure.(
state farm
in the-cen-
they rushed,
hen he para-
falling plane,
ver to'officersI
were arousedl
women's gold rings. Powers,
also was reported carrying a
survival kit. containing extra'
horities, clothing, a fishing net, pliers
and a saw -edge knife.::.
R000100070001-6
eon% an p o
 fear of "surprise attack with
,pprovporlsFI~a~ssl~05/1:
FROM PAGE The State Department's next
official step was to make I n -
' 5 e .TA. 'arid' 'Mr. Iyulles, quiries in Moscow about the
whom the Russians call' captured pilot, Francis G.
"America's master spy," were- Powers of Pound, Va. Intelli-,
also in trouble. Some members gence experts were distressed
of Congress, especially Sen. that Mr. Powers had apparently
Mansfield, long have wanted a so freely confessed to the Rus-
mittee to oversee the operation slaps. It was hoped that he
of the hush-hush agency. could be freed or at least spared
Congressional informants said. from execution.
no effort will be made to revive- Used in Weather Research
that idea this year. They said Mr. Powers is a former United
not enoug htime is left In the ,States Air' Force lieutenant,
Congressional session and, be- from Pound, Va., who became a
sides, it might cause further (test pilot for Lockheed in 1956.
damage to America's pre-sum- His. U-2 jet, which was based
mit posture. But they promised at Adana, Turkey, was one of a
a determined effort next year fleet used in weather research
'to put a Congressional check- of the National Aeronautics and
rein on q. I. A. programs and Space Administration.
spending. Mr. Khrushchev declared Mr.
Some See Hope Powers is an agent of the United
State Department officials States Central Intelligence
professed to see a silver lining. Agency (C. I. A,), headed by
They said America's frank ad- Allen W. Dulles.
mission that it was spying on The Soviet Premier said Mr.
Russia--'because the Russiahs Powers was not on a weather
are secretive and dangerous-- flight from Adana, as American
should reassure the free world, authorities said when the in-
not alarm it. cident was flFst disclosed Thurs-
The only thing America did day, but crossing the U. S. S. R.
wrong, in their view was to get I from Peshawar, Pakistan.' to
caught. Rodoe, tto , a a under orders to
h
t
a
h o
iet militar
n d
o
ogr
p
v
y a
The State Department's main !p
industrial. installations.
effort now was to study Soviet
propaganda, to see whether the
Russians .will ease off on their
anti-American attacks. The
hope behind yesterday's candid
confession was that this would
happen.
So far, however, the Soviet
press and radio continued to.
enjoy their field day. Studiously
avoided, though, was any per-
sonal attack on President Eisen-
hower. This, was taken as an
indication that Mi. Khrushchev'
intends to go through with the,
Summit conference, feeling his
bargaining position is enhanced.
While some State De p?A,rtment
officials maintained the incident
strengthened America'$ hand,
the majority view in Washington
was that Mr. Khrushchev now
held the initiative at the summit.
IPresident Eisenhower, expected
to make a radio-television ad-
dress_to_iihe_nation hPfnrp vn
to the summit, may seek to dis-
pel this idea.
The State Department 'was
loaded for bear if the. Russians
The United States State De
partment admitted .last night
the jet `was on an intelligence
flight, but. eaid it was not au?
thorized by authorities in
Washington. A Tass dispatch
from Washington 'said the state
ment. was ' ,issued 'after many
hours'of meditation
decided to. take the plane case
to, the United Nations, as Mr.
Khrushchev threatened. Offi-
cials said they are prepared to
trot out scores of incidents in
which the Russians have, been
caught spying on one nation or
another..'
This was implicit in' yesteii-
day's admission that the United
States was flying intelligence-
gathering missions over Russia
and along the Iron Curt
statement called it "n
that countries spy on each other
.in these days. of tension and
: LI --IaD
01 NO78001960
A I
d
mission of Saying
Creates a .Precedent
Such Cloa-and-Dagger Activities
Always Previously Were Denied
,i ?r aa..,i.,ii..., ~....., +..w/ u a~ a.nr,, aa, as a
;(UPI): Espionage, a science as lsited the area saiki he doubted
ld as war, today entered a new gny submarines were in the
bra, it spas publicly proclaimed ii, In 1950 Communist
ut In
a
ll
y a major government-the Aid
Capt. . Eugene Karpe, naval
_ .,
The State Delartment's an-
hssy at Bucharest, was "an
tmerican spy." Weeks later his
packs near Salzburg, Austria
b
c yadcoaa
y ecalled Capt., Karpe had been
called a long history of cloak
wo-decades. d official Irving Ross was
What was uhpretedented was of to death by four Soviet.
hat this country---caught fly-' there in Vienna. The Soviets
Mr
Ross was an Am
rica
.
e
n
ng an observation' plane over
er
oviet territory-called the pionage chief.
., ?
light'a measure for "legitimate nij., Many Exposh
ational defense," I to recent years a. long series
Every major country .con-, sensational "spy plots"
!ducts espionage. ' Just about 4 ainst the United States have
verybody already knew it. Bu Aftn uncovered.
ihe' United States never has G{' Russia established its mill
aid so formally and officially ie~iy intelligence organization
ntil l the State Department ; ig~~ ylts_ i -A,ntivitipm
',arships visiting Portsmouth
,}!arbor.
The British government
clever explained Cmdr, Crabb's
1(nlssion. Prime Minister An-
thony Eden said "It would not
'fie in the public interest to dis-
Wose the ~ circumstances in
ghich Commander Crabb'. is
tiresumed to havb met his
c(eath." ~,
Argentine Sub Hunt
corpse of British frogman Lt;
Cmdr. Lionell (Buster) Crabb
sobbed to the surface off Chi-
#lhester harbor, England. Cmdr.
;,rabb had disappeared, April
27, 1956, while Soviet officers
Espionage agents who get
away rarely tell their stories.
The history of espionage is
aargeiy told by incidents which
gnded in disaster.
Headless Frogman
~ In June,, 1957, the headless
testimony, Harold Ware, son
of Ella Reeve Bloor, the "mother
Df United States Communism,"
recruited about seventy-five
Communists, mostly govern-
ment : workers, into . a. secret
underground cell in :Washing-
It was this- group in which
Alger Hiss; later a top -State
Department official; was ac.
cused by - Whittaker Chambers
of taking part. Mr. Chambers
testified Hiss and others passed
him secret,papers, which he in
turn gave lrto 'Col. Boris Bykov,
a Russian intelligence 'agent.
One of the most sensational
war-time spy stories involved
government employee Elizabeth
Bentley and her lover and Rus
Sian contact, Jacob Golos, to
whom Miss Bentley. said she
gave government information,
Atomic Espionage
In 1945 Igor Gouzenko, cipher
clerk at the Russian Embassy
in Ottawa, defected and un-
ry of a major
lot
ld
d th
t
f
p
e
e s
o
o
Early this yeaf some one
kt:emed to be up to some to The smuggle atom secrets to
?tealthy activity when the Ar-' Russia. plot involved Allan
dentine Navy reported making
onar contact with one, per-
For Release 2004/05/13 t bl WriQ N the
the one or more submarines, if
Dr. Raymond Boyer, a Fhemis-
try profs so? , t McGil1-Vniver-
 FROM PAGE 140 Appr
sityJfi Mon , and Fred Aosej
a member of the Canadian
Parliament,
Other names in the atom-spy
Ethel Rosenberg, who were both free world:'
'
executed, and Britain
s Dr.
Klaus Fuchs. Fuchs served a
term in prison before going to
Communist East Germany.
In 1957 United States author-
ities walked into the hotel room
of an unobtrusive Brooklyn ar-
tist-photographer and arrested
him as Rudolf Ivanovich Abel,
Soviet "resident agent" for
espionage in this country;
They seized a pencil with 'a
secret. microfilm compartment
and other pharaphernalia.
Abel was sentenced to thirty
years. The Supreme Court last"
month upheld his conviction.
But other Soviet spies seized
here fared better. Valentin A.
Pubitchev, a Soviet employee
of the United Nations who was
convicted with government' ent-
ployee Judith Coplon on es
1plonage charges, was allowed
to return to Russia, ,
Officials said this was to,
prevent a retaliatory ouster of.
United States diplomats in
Russia." Miss Coplon herself
won reversal of her conviction
and was never imprisoned.
Visler's }'91gbt :,;
. Gerhart Eisler fled' this
country in 1049 aboard a Polish
ship while ;waiting appeal of a
fail sentence and tine for refus-
ing to testify before the House
t.'in-American Activities, Corn-
mittee in connection with
Communist activity.:. ' .
In 1957 'Yuri P lCrylov, an
assistant ' military attache , of
the Soviet Embassy here; was
)expelled from the country on
charges he improperly Cur-
chased "quantities of electronic
equipment" and tried to buy
United States military secrets.
Espionage charges sometimes''
have verged on the comical. in
April', 1957, the Russians
straight-facedly accused the
United States of employing a
team.of "femmes fatales" in ~n
attempt, to subvert Red athletes
participating ? in : the Olympic
Games.
Two weeks ago a Russian
trawler, bristling with electronic
gear, Baled. near, the United
States submarine (George Wash-
ington as it conducted under-.
water.. missile tests off Long
Island.
United States officials have
long. been aware that it is'
ernment.
In the second place, however gleeful
Mr. Khrushchev and the i3oVR ji ess
may be over the episode, whatever
doubts it may stir among the unin-
formed, it does not affect in the
slightest the basic goals of the United
States and the West.
The , freedmn of two million resi-
dents of West Berlin is no less impor-
tant because of the public revelation
that the United States has engaged in
form of reconnaissance that both
sides have practiced for years. The
safeguarding of West Germany is no
less significant. The need for con-
trolled disarmament is even, more
evident.
s r ?
Finally, while many Americans will
be disturbed and unhappy over the
equivocal position In,which their gov-
ernment has been placed, there is no
disunity here. The American people
insist that their guardians be alert..
If that involves errors or incidents. the
price may be high-but not as high
as being taken-unawares by aggres-'
sion. Sen. Lyndon Johnson, in offer-
ing his support and that of the Demo-
cratic party to the. President in this
crisis, put the fundamental American
reaction well: -
"We do not know just how far
Premier. Khrushchev intends to
picsh his. saber rattling. ' But we do
know just 'how far Alne'i:eans' in-
tend to. go to preserve their free-
doms--right to the limit. And by
that I mean' all Americans-Re.
publicans and Del4ocrats alike:
easier for Russia to spy on this this nation and all its allies.
country than for Americans to The number of Communist spies
spy on Russia. Russian atti- who have been au ht fu iii
have been used to advantage hi ne1/13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
State Department yesterday to
comment that the plane inci-
dent stemmed from the "exces-
sive secrecy practiced by the
N.Y. HERALD TRIG UNE
MAY 9 1960
Our Plane Was Shot Down
_ There is no obscuring the fact-had efficient possible system of intelli-
tlie prestige of the United States has gence and counter intelligence is a
received a blow, When the Russians first responsibility of any free gov-
shot down a reconnaissance plane
deep in their territory, captured the
pilot 'and his films and discovered his
flight plan, Premier Khrushchev ex-
ploited the event with great shrewd-
ness to undercut the American stand
at the summit.
The special difficulty at this time
is that the summit conference is gen-
eially expected to deal mostly with
intangibles. The chief hope of the
world is for some relaxation of ten-
sions springing from the meeting of
the heads of government. To achieve
that and to avert pressures which the
Soviet Union is expected. to exert for
a change in the status of Berlin and
Germany, the. West must bring into
play all the moral authority it can
mustei.
'In the eyes of very many that
`floral authority has been impaired at
a critical moment. Even those who
accept 'the absolute necessity of,main-
taining intelligence services to learn
as much as possible about the massive
military machine poised against the
free world by the Soviet Union must
question why this. particular flight-
on the face of it a very dangerous
one-was made at this particular time.
Perhaps the answer may . never be
known to. the public. In the nature
of things, intelligence activities are-se-
cret in virtually all their aspects.-if
any of the latter become known, it is
alnm,ost always an error. In this in-
stance, tile' United States must face
up to the consequences of such an
error. But the consequences should
not be overstated.
in the first place, the downing of
the, American plane, however costly its
diplomatic and propaganda effects, is
no argument whatever against intel-
ligence work in general. The world
in which we live makes such work su-
premely necessary to the, security of
tudes on press freedom and her g , e ram ca
strict guarding of her bog~,g~ tions of their network of espionage
fi 6B;ptlg @raQDalam&lA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
territorial waters and aim
knowledge. To Ilmeet this by the most
 FROM !'AGEAp'i:roved
The catch to the word landing
is that in Russian "pasatka" also
means, being seated or being
brought to trial.
A three-piece Trud cartoon
shows a pilot preparing for flight
on May 1 while an official plots
his route on a wall map of thel
'Soviet Union.
1. The pilot is lavishly equipped
with a pistol marked "device tot
define wind direction," a dagger
marked "device to sample at-1
mosphere," and a camera marked
"device for taking pictures of
ozone."
Scene At Pentagon
The second box shows May 5 on
,a calendar, The scene is a Penta-I
gon office called "Section for In?i
vention of Justifying Incidents."l
'A paper on the table reads "Plane
Engaged iii Scientific Work-Pilot
Lost;" Three men are, working
"overtime" In this new section;
In the third box the same three
men are seen. One is lying sick
in bed. Que is weeping. - The third
had, a funeral wreath around his
neck labeled "To the mission that
perished." ,
The caption is. simply ''Pent-
AGONY"' with the last five lettors
in capitals..
.1#rief accounts were also pub.
limbed today , telling of, the vigi-
lance" of border guards who first.
spotted the flight and also- bf the
anti-aircraft rocket battalion that
knocked the plane down.
Tonight Pass carried. a brief ac-
count of the Washington state.
finent saying' the espionage mis-'
slon Was admitted though not spe-
cifically authorized.
i It said the State Department
attempted to justify it oil grounds
it was to protect the free world
from sudden attack."
Tonight. Moscow had no other
official comment' on the incident.;
But unofficial comment was
readily. available..-but not favor-'
able. '
Approved
RJ&e MORE 004/0STIN 5/13: MAY -RDP90 99
PAKISTANIS
DENY REPORT
ON U.S. PLANE
Say Craft Downed By
Soviet Did Not Fly
From Peshawar
The following comment
various free world ,nations
Khrushchev's spy-plane
wps made before the
States plea of .guilt.
on
charge
United
Rawalpindi, Pakistan, May 7 IAN.
Authoritative sources in,this Paki-
stani capital said tonight that So-
viet Premier Nikita S. Khrush-
chev's allegation that an American
plane flew from Peshawar for a
photographic mission over Soviet.
territory was "false and baseless."
The acting' President, Lt. Gen.
'W. A. I3urki, is 'expected to sum-
mqn an emergency meeting of the
Cabinet to discuss the Khrush-
chev charges and an official reply
may be issued later.
`Earlier, a spokesman for the
Foreign, office commented on
Khrushchev's statement of May 5
that the American plane shot drwn
May 1, as well as another ph no
April 9, "crossed the border from
Turkey or Iran or Pakistan!'
The, spokesman said I{hrushchev
seemed to have a pathological
conviction that foreign bases .exist
In Pakistan and "we have cate-
gorically told them [the Russians)
that no such bases exist in Paki-
stah. The allegation made by
Khf?ushchev so far as it refers to
Pakistan is, therefore wholly in-
,Norwegians In Dark
Qslo, May .7 (A') --Official No -
weglan spokesmen disclaimed to-
night.. any knowledge of the
American plane 'that Premier
Khrushchev said was downed in
Russia while on a spying flight!
from Pakistan to Norway.
"Khrushchev's allegation is the
.first we've heard of it," said a
Foreign Office spokesman. A Dc-
fence Ministry spokesman said
the same thing.
Any foreign military plane, In-
eluding an an allied plane, would
_need 'or elti@4l?pMa01 Jpnd
82R00010007pO01-6
Shah In Sweden
Stockholm, May 7 IRS-The Shah
of Iran said today "no American
planes are permitted to fly over
Iran on military missions."
The Shah, here on a visit, said:
"if we had the necessary radar
equipment. to detect intruding
plaices and jet fighters or the anti-
airet?aft. missiles needed we would
shoot clown any foreign plane fly-
ing, over Iranian territory with-
out permission.
'Iran has volunteered to guar-
nntce our northern ' hcighbor
IRussial.that no bases for inter-
mediate range or intercontinental
missiles should be established in
'Iran territory,"_ he added.
BALMUdBE SUN
MAY 8 1960
Tass Tells -Russia-
f D C; Confusioot
Moscow,. May 7 IA-- A Tass dis-
patch from Washington tonight
reported that Soviet Premier
Nikita S. Khrushchev's account of
an',.American plane brought do%Vn
d6hp inside Russia while on a
sping mission "atousgd confusion
an didatray In the. Ainerleah
Congress." '
G. Shishkin, correspondent for
the official Soviet news' agency,
said "senators and congressmen
pre dumbfounded by. the convinc-
ing proof of the espionage pur-
poses' bf the flight(of the Ameri-
can plane advanced by the head
of the Soviet Government."
'Many of them are obviously
worrigd and 'alarmed by the prob.
able consoqucocesof the provoca-
tive aggressive practices of the
United States."
French Urge Soviei~
Debt As Summit Topic
Paris, May 7 (A-A . group of
deputies submitted 'a measure to
Parliament today 'suggesting tt ,r
the C ovornment take up with Pre.
I lier Nikita S. Khrushchev at, the
sum>iit `'meeting the Soviet debt
to France. ,
The measure would authorize
the-Government to draw up with
other creditor nations a'collective
indemnity demand on the Soviet
i Union. -France estimates the' So-
viet Unni}onowes It about 24,000,-
IAtfif! ai~s't ii ~~ 47(
 BALTIMORE SApprovy YFor R~*J'Yi)t94/0 3 : qlA-RW O.T007$2R0001U0 MG01 R
-NE
'LEGISLATOR
ry Kell Sun mentioned
1~J Asserting that Russia has had
submarines off the United States
11 VU L'ID I. VOID '-Russians, as well as we, don't
want a third world war,
a PY INQU IRY "bo had on't in Pearl
Harbor and we we can't afford to
have a second lesson like that ?
,Some Congressmen
Gravely Concerned
Over Incident .
Washington, May S (M-United
States admission that an Amerl-
'can spy plane flew into Russia
brought reaction from Congress
,today. ranging from grave eon-
:cern to a so-what attitude.
There were no ringing demands
that Congress do anything except
get more details behind closed
edoors, The view of, some menu-
::hers was that it's best for Con-
gt'ess to keep quiet now in the
'face of a ticklish situation.
Some' members, 'especially
yDemocrats, . expressed egncnrn
2 about what effect the 'affair' might
have on the East-West summit
? meeting scheduled to start May
16 in Paris.
Senator Sparkman (D., Ala.)
a member of the Senate Foreiggn
Relations Committee, said he
wants to know;,: more about how
Francis G. Powers, the captured
SO-year-old pilot, happened to fly
into Russia.
He said he hopes all. Govern-
meet agencies involved "will
give a full, disclosure of what
t took place,"
State Department "Candid"
Everett M. 'birksen of Illinois,
*Senate Republican leader, took
la different view, He said. yester-
" day's State Department wag can.
did fn explaining' What happened
and "I don't think' any Issue can
be taken with it,'
Dirksen, like others, said it is
"part of reality" that. each nation
.watch out for, its own security
and keep an eye on any violations
of thatsecurity.
He reiterated, as the State De-
416 had pointed out, ' that
it i~ normal for all nations,. In.
eiluding the Soviet U' ei, to dairy
do intelligence activity
Senator Wiley of Wisconsin,
+senior Republican on the Senate
+dt'oreign Relations. Committee,
took a similar view.
"We know that Russia has got
spies . all. over the world," he
said. "The West can't afford
fall asleep and it hastAp$k
asleep:" . -
? .,..cy aaiu.
The characterization of a grave
situation was made by Lyndon
B. Johnson of Texas, Senate Dem-
ocratic leader. He said:
"We must understand we are in-
volved in a crisis in the making."
Two other senators
campaign-
,
ing in West Virginia for the Demo-
cratic Presidential nomination,
F also viewed the situation as
serious.
Senator Kennedy of Massachus.
etts said the plane incident "Indi-
cates how hazardous are our rela-
tions with the Soviet Union,"
Senator Humphrey of Minnesota
said:
"Whatever the facts may be, Mr.
Khrushchev had better recognize
that force is not the way to settle
international disputes."
ti U.S. "Slowly Slipping"
Another seeker after the Demo.
' cratic" Presidential nomination,
r Senator Symington of Missouri,
Mcommented that "we are slowly
slipping in our position around the
world" while3 people compare our
strength with : that of the Soviet
I, nion.
liepresentatfve Bowies ' (D.,
:Conn.) called the flight irrespon-
sible and reckless and said it was
an error at this time even to allow
a American plane to get close
;enough to the. Soviet border to be
;shot down.
Bowles said the incident would
.make it more difficult to deal with
the Russians at the summit.
Sparkman too said it is "unfor-
tpnate that this excursion was
'shade; if it was made, on the eve
:of the summit meeting. It must
,,have compromised our position."
But Dirksen said he doesn't ex-
Peet incident to have any great
effect at the summit.
and South American coasts, Wiley
asked: "What for? We know the I
1960
U. S. Expe'eted to Demand
Interview With. `S 1, Pilot 11
By Warren Rogers Jr. mulled over these shocking
'WASHINGTON, slay 7.-The claims by Mr. Khrushchev:
1
United States was expected was a That spy the
for the he pilot Central n-
al In-
today to demand an interview telligence Agency, not an em.
with the American pilot branded ployee of the National Aero-
by Nikita S. Khrushchev as a nautics and Space Administra
confessed spy shot down by a tion.
Soviet rocket. 2. That he was photograph-
Official Washington gasped' ing Soviet airfields and fac-
recon
with amazement at the cloak- tories, not conducting weather
reconnaissance, and that the
and-dagger tale dramatically Russians have the pictures and
unfolded today by the Soviet paraphernalia to prove it.
Prime Minister in the third 3. That he carried a pistol
round of anti-American propa- equipped with a silencer, a dag-
ganda in Moscow. . ' ger; a penknife, a suicide kit he
Some officials said they never used, two extra gold
wanted a first-hand account wristwatches, seven woman's
from the gold bracelets, 7,5,00 Russian
pilot, Francis G. rubles, French gold francs and
Powers, of Pound, Va., whom other currencies.
Mr. Khrushchev described as! 4. That he never blacked out
"alive and kicking." Llewellyn from lack of oxygen, as the
E. Thompson, American Ambits- United States government re-
sador in Moscow, will ask to ported, but balled out without
talk to him, if he has not destroying his plane after the
already made the request nN. rocket hit him. ,
President Eisenhower, having
:, golfing week end at Gettys-.
burg, Pa., had ho .comment on
Mr. Khrushchev's latest accusa-
tions. 'White House press secre-
tary James C. Hagerty told
newsmen that any statements
would come from the State
Department.
Secretary of State Christian
A. Herter conferred with his
top adviser on, Soviet affairs,
Charles E, Bohlen, on Mr.
Khrushchev's newest attack
Just fiine days before the sum-
mit conference at Paris. .
At Pound,. Va., the family of
the thirty-year-old pilot had
thoughts only for his safety.
His lather, Oliver W. Powers,
brgke ,Into ,tears and cried,
"Thank God.... He's alive!"
It was typical of the, reaction
of the, rest of the family.
Skepticism on 11111
On Capitol Hill, members of
Congress generally voiced skep-
ticism. Rep. Craig Hosmer; R.,
Calif., for example, summed up
Mr. Khrushchev's explanations
with two words: "Fairy tale."
While reporters waited for'
hours for the promised state-
ment at the State Department,
But American officia were
ls i'especially interested in one
things Mr. Khrushche# said
which shed' some light on' why
he lanuched,his- anti-American
nropaganda F three days ago.
Their Immediate assessment`
was that, as first stirMised, he'
Is trying to 'rock the Weft back'
n Its heels In hopes of;gainink
concession's at the summit con.
ference,,, j
Special attention was paid ,to
Mi. Khrushchev's studied effort
to dfsassociatePresicient Eisen-
hewer 'froni 'any personal in-
volvement In what he considered
a raid on Soviet ? territory.
Today, Mr. Kh*rrshchev'empha-
sized That Mr. Eisenhower ap-
arently, did not know 'In
advance of the aircraft's flight.
'? Officials said Mr. Khrushehev
apparently, still iiatetiris tp go
to the Summit-not torpedo it,
as some have speculated. They
read this into his comment to-
[ the Plane Incident was
'a Door preparation for the
ummit and for President Eisen-
ower's visit to the Soviet
nion."
Con"n pigs 4
W 1Rf3Rf' TB $-R0*04i 070001-6
 FROM PAG1ppved
1'~I
it
ay ance s
President Eisenhower was
understood.to be still planning
on the summit conference. But
If the current , Khrushchev
bluster should kick up a storm
there, officials said, chances
are he would cancel his pro-
)ected trip to the Soviet Union
in June.
Thp President clouded this
issue yesterday, by talking
casually in front of reporters
about his Soviet visit and ad-
ding, "If I go."
Among others in Congress
who took Mr. Khrushchev's
report with a grain of salt was
Rep. Robert L F. Sikes, D.,
Fla., who said the story was
"full of hofes." He said he,had
never heard of any American
pilot being ordered to kill hire-
self to escape capture, , as
claimed by Mr, Khrushchev.
'Spy ' Pr9paganda
Sped by Soviets'.,
WASHINGTON, Ma 7
(UPI) ,--The Soviet EM.
bass went , to unsual
lengths today to try and
pump maximum prop-
aganda value from Prime
Minister Nikita S. Khru.
?hchev's "spy", charge
against an American flyier
cedented speed the Rus-
sian _Information office>
here released a summary.
of what It' called "N. i5. `.
Khrushchev's winding-lip
of U. S.- S.R. Supreme
Soviet," Texts and sum-
maries of such speeehe
usually are not Issued here'
until at least a day or two
For Release 2004/05/11 ~~ClA-RQP9Q,TQ0782jPJ0100070001-6
FLYING RESEARCH LABORATORY
Mans for `Space Bus' Satellite
'.b UM 1
BY MARVIN MILES
Space-Aviation Editor
,,:The National Aeronautics
acid S p a c e Administration
hasn't yet contracted for a
"space bus" but there are
plans. in this area, NASA's
director of space flight pro-
grams said here yesterday,
Addressing a national
meeting of the ' Aviation
Writers Assn. at the Ambas-
srdor, Dr. Abe Silverstein
mentioned the space `bus
which actually would be a
sort," of flying laboratory
rather ~ than a space corn-
routers' vehicle. The ..scien-
tist said the bus would be a
large satellite in which crew-
Wien would set up changing
research systems to seek a
variety of answers.
Series of Experiments
"It would be designed : to
carry enough equipment to
permit a series of experi-
mentsso as to - reduce the
"cast of present day space re-
search which is highly :,re-
stricted by payload limita-
tions," Silverstein explained,
The NASA expert told the
writers', scientists are hot
sure what will happen after
the 100-ft. Echo space sphere
is launched, tomorrow from
Cape Canaveral, Fla.
"We hope to get it in, an
orbit at. .900 mi.," he said,
"then use the sphere to re-
flect signals between the let
,Propulsion Laboratory at
Goldstone . (near Barstow)
,and New Jersey.
May Be Collapsed
"We don't know, however,
but what the sphere may be
collapsed by meteorite bon
bardment ,thrown off orbit
by the mere` pressure of sun-
light:
Dr. Silverstein spoke of
the problems involved in
Venus and Mars probes-
problems of tracking, course
corrections and velocity
changes-and pointed out
that new techniques must be
found to determine the pre-
cise location of the planets.
"We could be some 30,000
mi. off in our current esti-
mates," he explained.
Costs to Rise
Alvin G. Waggoner, , of. the
Department. of Defense re-
search and engineering di-
vision, told the writers that
launching of a space craft
today costs' on the order of
$5 million and as the nation
goes Into more complex
systems there appears to be
little hope of the cost going
down.
In those cases using large
boosters, he said,. the costs
"are certain to go up."
Some Relief Seen
"However," he, added, "we
hope to effect some;.relief in
terms of costs :' associated
with accomplishing a spe-
cific objective. Technical
progress permitting. space
craft having multiple objec-
tives, further standardiza-
tion of launch vehicle con-
figurations and multiple use
of ground support tracking
installations are but a .few
of the steps being taken;"
Maj. Gen. Parmer W. Ed-
wards, chief of the Army Air
Defense Command, gave the
writers his opinion that
Nike-Zeus, a controversial
anti-missile missile, is so far
advanced in research and de-
velopment that it could go
into limited production now.
"Industry has stated," he
said, "that several years will
be required from the date
that production funds are
available until Zeus can be-
come operational. It is like-
ly that -the Soviet inventory
of ICBMs will be substantial
by 1963-64.
The general emphasized
the need for balanced armed
forces and stressed the falla-
cy of relying on any single
weapon, tactic or doctrine as
the, only deterrent to war or
the sole determinant of vic-
tory if'deterrence fails.
He noted that the Sino-So-
viet bloc justifies the posi
tion that this classical, con-
cept of warfare Is still valid.
Strength -Listed
"This force," he declared,
"consists of 3 ;million men
under arms, with 400 ground
divisions supported by nu-
clear warhead missiles, con-
ventional artillery, 50,000
tanks and 25;000 modern tac
tical aircraft.
.:
Maj, Gen. 0. J. Ritland,
commander of the Air Force
Ballistic Missile Division,
discussed' 'the Minuteman
solid fuel. ICBM, among oth-
er., projects, and announced
that the anticipated opera-
tional date for :this weapon,
originally predicted to be in
1963,, now, appears to be the
summer of 1961 He pointed
out also that-in: meeting this
date the USAF will have
brought this missile from
program approval to initial
operational capability in just
four years.
Gen.Ritland also an-
nounced the first 'flight test
of the ' Titan from Var}den
berg Air Force Base will `be
held. next fail'. and. the first
launch from an underground
silo facility shortly thereaft-
er.
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1
 W.K. r4f HERAU y For (ease 2004/05/13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
Y 9 1960 and more confirmed," said
New f. the transmitter itself, Both had
Science Coup remained idle In the hard vac-
uum of space since launching
Switch Radios in Satellite i and had undergone constant
radiation.
Eight Million Miles Away
sy Vnifed Press lnternattonat amazing spacecraft.' He also
, praised our British co)leagues
WASiN3TONMay g, _nat Manchester" for their "ma;-
a. Spectacular achievement, nificent tracking communica.-
scientists beamed a radio signal tions achievement."
8,001,000 miles Into space today "We are certain that the
and turned on the powerful 150- world's scientific community
watt transmitter in America's shares our elation over this new
Pioneer V sun satellite. The success of Pioneer V," he said.
transmitter Is believed to be the ' N. A. S. A. said in a statement
largest ever operated in space, ,that the 150-watt transmitter
is being operated only for two
The command signal was sent or three minute intervals every
from the 250-foot radiotelescope six to eight hours. This is be-
at Manchester, England. The cause of the enormous power
first 160-watt transmission was drain imposed on the satellite's
received, at Manchester about electrical system.
one. and a half minutes later- The transmitter is powered
the time it took the atonal to by 4,800 solar cells in four arms
travel to the spacecraft and for jutting from the 26--inch
Pioneer's 'response to return sherep.
to earth, The solar cells charge twt nty-
eight chemical batteries, the
The satellite's first signal, de-, size hnd -shape 'of standard
scribed as "a good, clear trans flashlight batteries but a great
mission," lasted, ninety seconds, deal more powerful. The bat-
M06 power the more than
i",he National Aeronautics nd forty pounds of equipment in
X11, 08 Adffii i r9001 '11--- the satellite.
decision. to, energize the 150- The 150-watt transmitter unit.
watt transmitter was made weighs five pounds; Measuring
early Saturday after It becatxie about seven by five inches, it
apparent that a five-watt contains two miniature ampli-
fier tubes, capacitors, coils and
transmitter, which had been re- resistors,
laying scientific Information to N. A. S. A, said It could not
earth daily, had nearly reached predict how long the spacecraft
its transmission limit. would continue to .radio infer-
The 150-watt transmitter is oration. It said slight deteriora-
!exliected to; keep the , earth in tion of the batteries has been
contact with Pioneer V, for ap- observed in recent weeks, the
possible result of leakage in
the'
f roximately eight in
th
ore mon
s
vacuum of space.
"
until the satellite is nearly 100 ' The 150-watt transmitter was
million mile's frtfm earth.
e five-watt transmitter
had been in use since, the 94.8-
pouxid satellite.was launched at
Cape,' Canaveral , March , 11.
Among other information; it has
radioed data on dosmig. radia-
tion , in :space, magnetic field
phenomena. and charged 'parti-
cle energies,
7n t}ie wo _Inonths' since
launching, the satellite has un-
set long-held theories about
solar hare effects and the ex-
tent of the earth's magnetic
field,
N, .A... S. A, Administrator T.
Keith Glennan said energizing
the 150-watt transmitter "is
truly an historic event and yet
quite in character with the
other: aaoomblishments of this
energized In a three-step se-
quence. First a signal was sent to
Pioneer V from Manchester at 5
a. in., E. D; Of., Saturday. This
signal put power in tube fila-
ments through a current-limit-
ing resistor, thereby warming
the filaments for about a min-
ute.
The first step was repeated at
11 a. m., E. D. T., Saturday, and
s second command was sent
which removed the current-
limiting resistor and supplied
full filament heating for several
minutes,
N. A. S. A. said the circuit
passed both tests successfully.
Final Command
Finally, at 6:03 a. M? E. D. T.,
today, Manchester sent the final
'conunand. This energized an
probe to be fired into a solar
orbit inside the earth's. Pioneer
IV, launched March 3, 1959?
and Russia's Ltmik I, launched
Jan. 2, 1959, are In solar orbits
outside the earth's path around
the sun. Neither carried long-
lasting radio equipment.
Give
New Data
Oii.. Spy
Pilau Captured
By Ills .Rescuexrs
By The Aisocfated Press
MOSCOW, May 8. ?- Soviet
newspapers printed fresh details
today of the capture of pilot'
Francis G. Powers on his ac-
knowledged intelligence flight
over Russian territory.
Workers on a state farm near
Sverdlovsk, in the central Urals
900 tulles east of Moscow, were
reported to have made the cap-;
ture of the thirty-year-old
American flyer, whose high-alti-
tude Lockheed U2 jet. was
downed by a rocket as It sped
over the Urals a week ago. Pre
Mier Nikita S. Khrushchev an-
nounced the capture yesterday.
Farmers Rushed to Aid
Soviet newspapers said the
"farm workers rushed to Powers'
aid when he parachuted ? from
his falling plane, but turned
him over to officers when sus-
picions were aroused by his
equipment. That equipment, by.
Russian account, included a
pistol, a dagger, a Russian map,
;Soviet and foreign money, gold
watches and women's gold rings.
Mr. Powers also was reported
carrying a dZ?vival kit contain-
ing extra clothing, a fishing. net,
pliers and a saw-edged knife.
"Our suspicions were morel
Vladimir Surin, a former ser-
geant. "An enemy was in front
of us, an enemy cunning and
impudent."
Surin's story was published by
"Komsomolskaya Pravada," the
Communist youth newspaper.
His mother and others con-
firmed the details:
The Surin family was getting;
ready for the May Day holiday;
feast when an explosions
sounded. Surin believed it might;
be a holiday rocket. but a
column of dust arose from a
field.
Saw Parachute Falling
While Surin was watching
that a friend, Leonid Chuzha-
kIn, drove up. Chuzhakin, a
former sailor, saw a parachute
Jumper coming down.
The drop was toward a pine
forest crossed by electric wire.
Feeling the jumper was In
danger from the wires, the two
rushed toward the spot. The
jumper landed on his back.
"We rushed over to him with1
only one thought in mind, to
help him," Surin said. Others
carne up and helped remove his
gloves, helmet and oxygen
mask. Then they noticed the
pilot had a gun.
"Even then we couldn't think
we saw an enemy in front of
us," Surin said. "It just
couldn't fit our holiday mood,"
He said tI pilot, with gray-
ing sideburns, was silent.
The party took him to a car
to drive to the state farm
office and, as they were; seating
him, saw a knife In his flying-
suit pocket and removed, it.
Tried Not to Insult Him
"We surrounded him just in
case ' Surih said. "What' If he
tried to do something to him-
self? At the same time we tried
not to Insult him. What if all
this was misunderstanding?
"This parachute jumper, was
quiet but assured. One could see
he was well schooled. He didn't
say a word ... he' pretended he
did not understand Russian, but
when farm director Mikhail N.
Berman said 'No smoking here'
he Immediately pushed an ash
tray away. Our suspicions were
,more and more confirmed,"
150-watt transmitter as well as
Approved For Release 2004/05/13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
 Approved For Releasg-z.T0dMW]a:T&I 90T00782R000100070001-6
14 Monday, May 9, 1960 v
~~~p ~...;+....m.:~..C?^'at'?i'i'mn?n?t:..'~"'r.^.+T.?.i...:?^?~+^.rr;:-;~...., ..._^; ;. ;:.v.~ b O'trY1'4.
O2't'::u?"^'""..svr ?....:iii'ae.?~dsei.i::.4:..:,1:SEL.is?.i`i: f.: ~::i: .r....... : . ' ~ . . .......... ...a. . ~ uw :.w+.. ...i ..,
Our Plane Was ghat. Down
There is no obscuring the fact that
the prestige of the United States has
received a blow. When the Russians
shot down a reconnaissance plane
deep in their territory, captured the
pilot and his films and discovered his
flight plan, Premier Khrushchev ex-
ploited the'event with great shrewd-
ness to undercut the American stand
at the summit.
The special difficulty at this time
is that the summit conference is gen-
erally expected to deal mostly, with
intangibles; The chief; hope of the
world is for some relaxation of ten-
sions springing' from the meeting of
the heads of , government. To achieve
that and to avert pressureis which the
Soviet Union is expected to exert for
a change in the status of Berlin and
Germany, the West must bring into
play all the moral. authority it can
muster.
In the eyes of very many that
Reds Confirm
Russian. Switch
To Rocket Arms
LONDON, May 7 (A?) -S
Jshchev today confirmed - tha
ocxet weapons as the spear
He told the Soviet Parlia
moral authority has been impaired at
a critical moment. Even those who
accept the absolute necessity of main-
taining intelligence services to learn
as much as possible about the massive
military machine poised against the
free world by the Soviet, Union must
question why this particular flight-
on the face of it a very dangerous
one-was made at this particular time.
Perhaps the answer may never be
known to the public. In the nature
of things, intelligence activities are se-
cret in; virtually all their aspects-if
any of the latter become known, it is
almost always an error. In this in-
stance, the United States must face
up to the consequences of such an
error. But the consequences should
not be overstated.
# r.
In the first place, the downing of
the American plane, however costly its
diplomatic and propaganda effects, is
no argument whatever against intel-
ligence work in general. The world
in which we live makes such work su-
premely necessary to the security of
this nation and all Its allies.
The number of Communist spies
who have been caught, the ramtfica=
tions of their network of espionage,
sabotage and subversion are common
knowledge. To meet this by the most
efficient possible system of intkli-
genre and counter intelligence is a
first responsibility of any free gov-
ernment.
In the second place, however gleeful
The Incident, Mr. Kh,?u-
fense as to maintain in readi-
ons in order to be always ready
to give the due reply to the
main aggressive forces."
Mr. Khrushchev and the Soviet press
may be over the episode, whatever
doubts it may stir among the unin-
formed, It does not affect In the
slightest the basic goals of the United
States and the West.
The freedom of two million rest-'
dents of West Berlin is no less impor-
tant because of the public revelation
that the United States has engaged in
a form of reconnaissance that both
sides have practiced for years. The
safeguarding of West Germany is no
less significant. The need for con-
trolled disarmament Is even more
evident.
? r 0
Finally, while many Americans will
be disturbed and unhappy -over the
equivocal position in which their gov-
ernment has been.placed, there is no
disunity here. The American people
insist that their guardians, be alert.
If that involves errors of Incidents the
price may be high=but , not as high
as-being taken unawares by aggres-
sion. Sen. Lyndon Johnson, In offer-
ing his support and that of the Demo-
cratic party to the President in this
crisis, put the fundamental American
reaction well:
"We do. not know Just how far'
Premier Khrushchev intends to
push his saber rattling. But we do
know just how far Americans in-
'tend to go to preserve their free-
doms-right to the limit, And by
that I mean all Americans-Re-
publicans and Democrats alike."
 Soviet territor one firm of a
X.Y. ,&jy9 gU r ReIMApe9200 /13 : CIA-RDP90T0Q77ZRNQ1MQ?0QPar4er of
Kh h h did it At
t
? ? an individual. And if you are going to
.LI.dmwsstOn to not like amateurs, for God's sake got
out of the espionage business. For when
Sour country is embarrassed, it dimin-
ishes the voice of the entire West,"
Cynical? In the George Washington
By MARGUERITE HIGGINS theory of history the admission "Yes,
I did chop down the cherry tree" is a
WASHINGTON. virtue in itself. The question before the
~'----- ~-? world is whether the George Washing-
i 4 '%leparTML?I14 n aua.,.o.,..... ton theory of history as applied to
Saturday night that an American Sverdlovsk is valid for our times.
plane "probably" had violated Rue- At a minimum, diplomats here see
sin's frontiers on purpose was greeted that the plane incident will put the
the this kind of normally ember- garrulous capital with United States at a serious psychol6gical
..
rassed hush that
was inverse testi-
mony to the box
in which we have
been placed by Mr.
Khrushchev and
(how painful to ad-
mit) by ourselves.
With the .. usual
prop of national
self righteousness
vis-a-vis the Com-
munists so con-
spicuously missing,
what was a Con- Higgins
tlon with the Russians.
It's true that Khrushchev's own dra-
matie accusations have much in com-
mon with the pot calling the kettle
black. But the Russians have the ad-
vantage that their espionage forays have
not been so dramatically. exposed..
As a matter of :fact the United States,
in its own naive way, has often helped
Russia from hurting her reputation. For
example, isn't it time that the secret
`:stamp is taken off the incidents in which
Soviet planes have been sighted over
Alaska and friendly countries to the
ator,' or even an official member of the' There are problems raised also by ;the
National Space Agency to say? . admission that the flight was unauthor-.
rus r, ev , accor ng
o
the Soviet version.
The speech was delivered by
Khrushchev to -the Supreme
Soviet (Soviet-style Parliament).
He said American "aggressive
Imperialist forces seeking active
measures to frustrate the sum-
mit talks or at least to prevent'
conclusion of an agreement for.
which the world is waiting" had
committed "aggression. against
the Soviet Union" by sending
two planes over its territory, The
first plane was undisturbed, he
said.
Such was the anger in Wash-
ington that Sen. Styles Bridges
of New Hampshire; chairman of
the Senate Republican) policy
committee,; . thought President,
Eisenhower should not go to the
summit conference 'unless he
first got some satisfaction front
-the Russians. Others in Congress
thought the summit meeting.
was now doomed to failure.
There was no indication frond
tho White House, however, that
night recovery this town regained its know of the plane's destruction. Thus cancellation of the summit was
vocal chords, and the next phase was l Mr. Eisenhower has claimed that. his. under contemplation. In a. polite
the week end. that the expected 'furore. that he did not even know of the.pres- gat on of this incident and to
both here and abroad was fully taken ence of an American plane over. Russian inform it of the ' fate ' of the'
into account by President Eisenhower in territory until Mr. Khrushchev an- pilot,"
deciding in effect to admit publicly that pounced it was shot down
.
the American plane. shot 'down over In Left wing. 'neutralist and other Research 0 e, j
Russia had been part of a plan although to raise doubts about America's true Khrushehev said the American
so tragically at Sverdlovsk was the undermine tl}e summit. But that won't that a> appearett > pat pay pad .
wrong plan at the wrong place a.nd. keen him from reps tins this thesis taken off from a base near'.
Department was preparing to repeat in But perhaps the 'best key to Wash- It was a U-2~ jet researeh.ulane
effect: "We made a mistake. We have 9na'fnn!c mnnri after. the arimisainn nhnnt
...w.. ....., . .e..u ..,..,,.,, s..,U. .. .... .. .... .......W.. aa,u .v-ter
hitting even indirectly that the plane of whichr we have several, It
downed in Sverdlovsk was snooping? Is operated by the National; AerO
such an admission throwing the plane's N.Y. HERALD TRIBUNE nautics and `Space Mdministrar
pilot, Francis G. Powers, to the Russian
wolves? Or'had he already done this - MAY o Lion.
th
G among
e points of con- ? ? u a hours at an altitude of ten miles.
troversy about which thl: United States umrmt Hopes The function is to obtain infor-
is going to hear a very great deal. for
matiaii about air turbulence up
a very long time. On' this. at least Grow Jlmmnr
Washington is unanimous.' there, and the jet stream and
And as one British diplomat put it, weather patterns. It also can get
"Your friends are going to ask a lot of , An Inflammatory deed and an d
t
b
di
t
ti
a
a a
ou
ra
oac
ve fall-out,
questions and some of them-particu- inflammatory speech marked The pilot of the missing U-2
larly the professionals in espionage the approach of Primp Minister
t
t
Lao
- YY es
got caught, your government, had to hour after take-off Sundaythat
admit to it? Long before the United he was having oxygen dtfficul-.
States came into being, the cardinal & week from tomorrow. ties in the vicinity of Lake Van
point of international e
"'
e
1
t1l rt - DP90T00782R000100070001-6
"!'is b sFOrddt~vfF~
0
been that. an agent is dispe a e. e r ed Ter can [L... - it
fate. ,of a nation is above the fate of weather plane supposedly over
1(
 Approved For Release 2004/05/13 : CIA- ZQP90T00782R000100070001-6
PAGE
FROM
craft,13k-e ari unsteered derelict,
dragged the pilot against his
will into Soviet territory. What
innocence!"
Asks Review of Bases
He said he had delayed an-
nouncing capture of the pilot in
order to expose "fabrications in
the official American version."
He suggested that Turkey
Pakistan and Norway take a
second look at American use of
United States 'bases on them
soil.
As reported in Washington,
the jet was a weather research
plane of the: National Aero-
nautics and Space Administra-
tion.
By Mr. Khrushchev's ac-
count.' Mr. Powers said he went
to work for an "American spy
organization".-in 1856 for $2,500
a month, That was the year
Mr, Powers signed up as a
Lockheed test pilot.
Mr. Khrushchev told parlia-
rl ment "I think it would be ex-
pedient to hold a press con-
fererice and to show during it
all tho.(plane's) means for the
exploration of the atmosphere.
He did not specify when this
might be held.
Mansfield Absolves
President in 'S i.n-'
Senator Mansfield, Democrat ident . . . will have some
of Montana, the assistant Sen-
ate majority leader, said last
night "the President is blame-
less" in the acknowledged Soviet
spying episode but warned that.
Congress will expect an expla-
nation of the affair.
He said in an interview that
whatever was done was done
without the knowledge of Pres-
ident Eisenhower, but added,
"Under our system of govern-
ment, the administration in
power does bear a great re-
sponsibility."
Senator Mansfield said the
State Department's announce-
ment suggests "There may be
an agency or agencies in the
Government who are acting on
their own responsibility, con-
trary to the President's policies
for peace." If this is so, Sena-
tor Mansfield continued, "I
would assume that the Pres-
R~le--Ck' im Sh ocks
,owned Pilot's Family
ther who is ill
'
'
s mo
The pilot
The family of Francis G.,.,
Powers, the captive American reacted with "disbelief" to the
uncement
pilot, was: stunned last night
by nn..,a tha TTnitp.d RfFttA., now
,.
Government anno
Mrs.. Melvin said. .
rrn a 'spy mission when shot it,- but not much, she said.
G verenment. statement
Th
e
vvt; lt; 4U:! 611VUMUU-WV aoxia
don't believe it," said a sister;;swept the family earlier when
Mrs. Janice P. Melvin of 1604 it was announced Mr. Powers
Nealon drive, Falls Church, Va: was alive, They planned to. at
Mrs. - Melvin, along, with her tend . services today' at the,
four sisters, hurried to .loin, Church of Christ in- Pound, Va.,.
their parents in Mill Creels' Va.,' to pray for his safe release.
hchev die- "We are a religious family
Kh
f
i
er
rus
ter Prem
a
closed their brother's plane had' and we will pray to God, as we lulllut~u are all in good..mirits,:
have been. doing since last Sung.
been Mi s. Melvin said that, as far, day, that Francis will be . re- Mrs. Melvin said, ' but we are ;
as anyone in the family knew; leased unharmed, Mrs. Melvin (still cluite worried,"
or the said. She said she would have
'
s workin
P
M
g
owers wa
r
., and i planned to join the rest of the iof
Joy Restrained Milligan bode a,, Johnson
., Lockheed Aircraft Corp
was assigned to high-altitude, family in church Sunday- but City, Penn., where he starred
ri~eather research for the Na The $o-year-old pilot's par- she has to meet her husband, city, field event
tional Aeronautic and `Space ants, Mr. and Mrs. Oliver .W: veril W. Melvin, an American r track , T and.
Administration. I Powers of Mill Creek, in mown- ' I Co. -employe, at the
-350
V
a
tin Wise County
aous-,. Pilot's Mother Is Ill miles from Washington - re-
She said word of the United acted with tears and, restrained
States announcement came as Joy when they leaned .from a
had all other news of her- newsman that Mr. Khrushchev
brother-through a call from a I said their son had not been
newspaper reporter. She said killed by Russian anti-aircraft
her father might have h Ve .For Release 2004/05/1
official word from the Govern Mi.. Powers spent yesterday
ment, but had not yet told the; as usual in his shop in nearby
family.
searching questions to ask ...
He continued:
"I believe that the Congress
will not only expect an explan-
ation based on the President's
inquiry. but it is quite possible
there will be questions asked
in. the Foreign Relations and
Armed Services Committees."
Senator Mansfield. would not
name the agency or agencies
which might be responsible.
Senator Sparkman, Democrat
of Alabama, a member of the-.
Foreign Relations Committee,
earlier yesterday said, "I cer-
tainly don't believe" the ac-
count of the plane episode given
by Soviet Premier Khrushchev,
but after the State Department
announcement said: "I think
the only thing to do is admit-
the facts and let our people
know, what, the true situatioi -
Norton, Va., where he is a shoe-
ent,'
suferin yfroma heart Power
remained at home with her
five daughters.
Three - of the daughters-
Joyce, 20, Mrs. Ci Goff. and
Mrs. Joanne Meade live in
Wise County. Mrs. Melvin and
Mrs. Jessica I}Iileman of 318
Audrey Lane, Glassmanor, Md.
journeyed to Mill Creek last
week .when. word came that
Francis was missing. '
Mr. Powers received a call
from . the mother of his daugh-
ter-in-law i n d i c a t i n g that
Francis' wife, Barbara, has
left Adana, Turkey, where he
was based. Mrs. Melvin said she
believed the younger Mrs,
Based in Turkey
The missing pilot had never
been in Norway or Pakistan,
as far as she knew. Mrs. Mel-
vin told The ftar? when ad
t
` th
a
vised of Russian charges
he was flying across Russia on`
a spy mission from Pakistan
to Norway. He Was based near
Adana, Turkey, 'she - said.
The family Was stunned by
Red charges : that her brother'
might be charged as a SPY'
"That's just not true. It's
not possible," said Joyce.
Members of the family said
Mr.' Powers left the Air Force
somefive Years ago about the
ormer
time he married the,
Barbara Moore of Alb'tfY, G.
He was born in Jenkitlb, ICY';,'.
but spent most of his life In
Columbus, Ga? and the Mill
Creek area between Pound and'
Clintwood, Va.'
"I left Falls Church in such
a hurry when I heard about
my brother that I didn't bring
much of anything with me,"
explained Mrs. Melvin. "My
husband is bringing me some:
1o0tl4 F 3 b782R000100070001-6
Mr. Powers :was a`.: graduate'
 Appro"4o4i#~sir~ijS~4W41;esI~,3"t1KQ~k~Yih40alet ay~it was im-
FROM PAGE 11
jected out of hand by the So-
It is in relation to the dan-
ger of surprise attack that
planes of the type of unarmed
civilian U-2 aircraft have made
flights along the : frontiers of
tkie free world for the past
four years,
.Khrushchev
May Be Tried as Spy trial. (erated by the National Aero-
Mr. Khrushchev said Mr, nautics and Space Administra-.
Used, informants said, because in Pakistan across the width
the officials who drafted the of the soviet Union to a base
statement did not want to be in Norway for the purpose of
In a position of confirming taking pictures of Soviet de-
every detail of Mr. Khru- fense installations.
shchev's lengthy account of In response to reporters'
how the aircraft was shot down questions Mr. White said that
and its pilot, Francis G, Powers, the statement was cleared with
30, captured after parachuting the President, who is at his
to earth. Gettysburg farm for the week
mosphere.
The State Department and
NASA had said Thursday that
the plane, if it violated .Soviet
air space, did so accidentally.
Mr. White suggested at that
time that,if the plane had in
fact flown across the Soviet
frontier the Russians might
have shot it down awhile the(
bl
k
d
ut
il
t
ac
e
o
o
was
n d iao not
.Story Partly- e, tdusncn 5ri as pnQ, p
owe had had admitted h he was Thee action came after day ~~f~oxygen, Washington dd not
on a spy mission. He suggested long conferences in the State then know whether Mr. Powers
Conceded yesterday that Mr. Powers may Department.. . was dead or alive.
be put on trial as a spy. These involved not only M;: The implication of the. State
Officials declined . to say Herter and other top diplomatic Department officials argument I
By JOHN M. HIGHTOWER
Associated Press Staff Writer
The United States admitted
last night that a high altitude
American Jet plane made an
intelligence flight over the
Soviet 'Union' as' charged' by
Soviet Premier Khrushchev
,
The State Department said,
however, that the flight was nos
autnorizea by authorities In'
Washington..
admission was made in a state-
ment prepared under the direc-
itterly, attacked. - Soviet , "Iron
us provided a basis for Mr.
senhower to make a deter-
t1 "open skies" policy among
rh.e great powers.
Other Flights, Admitted
The statement also admitted
that intelligence flights have
been made by the -name kind
of. Jets 'along the frontiers of
the free world for the past four
years."
whether an apology would be I officials at least did not answer
made to the-soviet government for newsmen.
for the admitted violation of Mr. Khrushchev charged!
Russian air space. that Mr. Powers, a former;
Some said that since Mr. ' United States Air Force pilot,;
Khrushchev had, handled the worked for the Central Intel
whole matter In public state- Iigence Agency.
merits, before the Soviet parlia- The chief of that agency,
fluent so as to gain maximum Allen W. Dulles, was not men-
propaganda advantage against
the United States, a public
statement might be all that was I
necessary from Washington.
The s me -authorities pre-
dicted, however, that the
United States would intervene
on behalf of the pilot.
The Import of the statement
was that he made the flights
on orders from someone. not in
Washington. It did not indicate
Who such authorities might be.
It left the impression that
there.would be further inves-
tigation and perhaps some fur-
ther action in the matter.
As to who ordered the flight'
the official statement offered!
no explanation.
"As a result of the Inquir
Ordered by the President," th
authorities in Washington are
concerned there was no author-
somewhere abroad had set up
an espionage operation in this
instance involving a flight over
Soviet territory.
One question raised was
whether the flights made dur
ing the last four-years "along
the frontiers of the free world"
w
ere ever an the Soviet side
boned at the State Department'
of those frontiers.,
'
as being Involved in the bon-' There had been, at least 1$
sultatlpils' although it seems Incidents in the last 10 yeah
certain he was consulted.: involving American,, aircraft;
The statement rai5ed 'many and Soviet armed, forces, In
questions which State Depart-;those Instances eight' aircraft
ment officials for the momentahave been shot down, two have
at least did not answer for been forced to land in Cornmu-'
newsmen. ' ' ' nist territory and'three escaped
'Some of these questions con- after being. attacked, according
cerned the effects of the gov- to Government compilations.
ernment admission ..on Mr. Acted hi Good faith
Powers' prospects In'. Soviet Last night's statement washed
captivity. out' the earlier explanation ex
Presumably the Washington cept for the possibility-as Mr:
government will notify Moscow Khrushchev ' a r g ue d In his
officially that Mr. Powers did speech-that it'had been some.
mak9 an unauthorized nigh kind 'of cOtter 'story to hide the
and will seek through diplo' real purpose of a secret.' mission
matte channels to Intervene In The point that State : Depart
his behalf. .~ ment officials' insisted on, how-
good .f aith. on.-the best, available
informations.
fzation for, any such flight. as sued in good faith and based
The statement was Issued
UAU fli iiso. d"""" crossed aver the, Press Officer Lincoln White
flight After declaring the flight was
fronti,er had into Soviet crowet ed 6lr', space, ` ..
The State ?Department an. hot. authorized by Washington,
nouncement maid the aircraft the statement said:
making this :`flight was an 'un , "Nevertheless, it appears
armed civilian U-2 plane;.: a' that in' endeavoring to obtain
single engine jet which oper- information now concealed be-
ates at very high" altitudes. hind the iron Curtain a flight
The. key sentence in the " over Soviet territory was prob-
'United States, statement beam ably undertaken by an un-
ing on Mr. Khi'ushchev'k charge, arined civilian U-2 plane." .
?thatthe aircraft was on a spy, ' b That is the type of single
ing mission and was shot down engine high-flying jet aircraft
k by a Soviet rocket last Sun- . which Mr. Kruttshch.ev 1p an-
It Was this:
er1~l~3GS~Ve owl ~ af~Qfbw
appears that in
ling to obtain Information now in. Central Russia last Sunday.
concealed behind the. IronCur-@':
`Col, Willing Shelton ~ as Mr.
When Mr. Khrushchev broke
the news Thursday that a
United States craft had been
downed, the State Department
put out a; statement indicating
the disappearance of an un-
armed weather study craft-op-
erating out of Adana, Turkey.
"During the flight of -this
plane," the report said, "the
pilot reported difficulty with
his oxygen equipment ...
"It is entirely possible that,
haying a failure in the oxygen
equipment which could result
fie " - "$IdiTe' do~iTi~"~tSzY
automatic pilot for a consid-
erable distance and accident-
NASA made its parallel expla-
Powers' commanding- officer at
the base at Adana, Early yes-
terday, - Air Force informants'
here said. that .Col. William
Shelton is in charge-of the Sect'
and Weather Reconnaissance
Squadron stationed at the base.
The squadron furnishes support.
for the NASA air weather.
operation: ,
State, Department; . officials
said they were unable to ex
plain whether any agency or
private concern :other than
NASA operates the U-2 aircraft.
~v , 'S21ye s was earlier iden-
Qf / 1 11 AGovernment as a,
a m% oa page 2-
 FROM PAGEApoied
Sverdlovsk when shot down and'
that its flight began not at Adana,
Turkey, but at Peshawar, Pakis-
tan, and was to have carried it
diagonally across the Soviet Union
to Murmansk and Archangel and
end in Norway.
Limitation Claim
? Their hesitance in this case,
like their hesitance about chal.
lenging Khrushchev's assertions
on the equipment carried by the
U-2, was given a mystifying tinge
Iby contrast with assertions of,
other authorities here. earlier to.
day that the U-2 could riot pos-
sibly have been assigned a mis-
sion of such length as Khrushchev
alleged, C, ;_The flight plan he attributed to
the U-2 was 1,000 to 1,200 miles in
excess of the U-2',~ss, fuel capacity
and consequent flying range; those
other authorities said. They also
picked several other .,flaws in
Khrushchev's account this morn-
ing, only to find their fault-finding
offset by the basic admission, by
the State Department tonight,
BALTIMORE RUN
MAY 8 1960
,JOHNSON BACKING
Texan ;PJed6es Support
'Crisis' Over Plane
By PHILIP PUTTER
1 rSun. Staff Correspondent]
Clarksburg, W. VO,; May 7- Sen
ator Johnson (Tcxas),the Senate
Democratic leader, tonight'prom-
ised President. Eisenhower unre-'
served dbipartisan support in deal
ing. with Soviet' Premier Nikita S.
Khrushchev over the incident,in?
volving a downed American plane
At a news conference here today
he linked a White House announce-
ment,, that underground. nuclear
tests. would be 'resumed by this
country with the: plane incident
and said '.'there is no doubt that a
serious ,'International crisis may
be in the making.'
The majority leader "said;
Khrushchev "seems determined to
exploit, the incident in -order to
Inflame the communist world .j
Khrushchev, Goal Unknown
"We do not know just how far
Premier Khrushchev intends 'to
push his sabre rattling," Johnson
said. "But we do know just' how
far American Intends to go to -pre,
Approved
or Release 2004/05/13: CIA- DP90T00o782R000100070001WAy 8 1960
BALTIMORE SUN
serve its freedoms--all the way,
right to the limit.
"And by that I mgg,an all Amerl-
eans-Republicans old Democrats
alike."
Johnson added "the President
can be certain that he will be
backed solidly by both parties
when he speaks for the United
States."
Johnson said jhrushchev "is
trying to seize upon this incident
for some ulterior purpose. If he
wants to discuss it fairly and
rationally; I am sure this coun-
try will reply in kind. But If he
seeks to use It to split our unity,
he will be sadly mistaken."
The majority leader was ap-
plauded several. times when he
repeated his news conference
statement to a Democratic%:fund-
raising rally here tonight and said
he had telegraphed the President,
.pledging him bipartisan support.
Johnson.,,said he did not know
whether Mr. Eisenhower; was ,
changing his mind about going ta
a summit conference; but he said
that. Khrushchev's speech to, the
Soviet Parliament had "cast. a
distinct shade of doubt on the fu.
tire" and made any prospects for
a fruitful summit meeting "'faint."
Text Of U.S. Statement
[Washington Bureau. of The Snnl
Washington, May 7-Following is the text of the State Deport
ment statement today on the United States-Soviet plane incident:
The Department has received that the Soviet Union has not beonj
the text of Mr. Khrushchev's fur- lagging behind in this field.
ther remarks about the unarmed The necessity for such-actiAties
plane which is. reported to have as measures for legitimate na-
been down in the Soviet tional defense is enhanced by the
As previously announced, it was excessive secrecy practiced by the
known that a U-2 plane was miss- Soviet Union in contrast to the
ing. As a result of the inquiry or- free ;world.
dered by the President, it has One of the things creating ten-
been established that insofar as lion In the world today is appre-
the authorities in Washington are hension over surprise attack with
concerned, there was. no author!- weapons of mass destruction.
zation for any such flight as de- To reduce mutual suspicion and
scribed by .Mr. Khrushchev. to give a measure of protection
Nevertheless It appears that In against ,surprise attack the United
endeavoring to obtain information States in 1955 offered its "open
now concealed behind the iron skies" proposal-a proposal which
Curtain a flight over Soviet terrf- was ?rejected out of hand by the
tort' was probably undertaken by Soviet Union.
an unarmed civilian U-2 plane. , It is in relation to the danger
it is certainly no secret that, of surprise attack that planes of
given the state of the world today, the type of unarmed civilian U-2
Intelligence collection activities aircraft,. have made flights along
are practiced by all countries, and the frontiers of the free world for
postwar history 'certainly reveals the last' Tour years..
1960
AALTIMORL RUN 1W 8 1
STASSEN SOUN Iminneapolis enIMea:
Hisviews were expressed a few IMeanwhile,". Stassen said, "it
hours after" Soviet Premier 'Ni- is very important that ,the people
CALL FOR OUSTER
kIta S. Khrushchev said the pilot and , the leaders of both Sides
of the plane shot down, Francis should not permit individual serf
G. Powers, 30, parachuted to,ous incidents to change the calm,
earth, admitted he was on a spy- Intelligent and, serious endeavo
r
Sees Militar Effort' toting mission and may face trial as to make a significant first. step, a spy, toward the`control of modern arm-
Upset Summit Talks
The White House declined com-aments through the expected ces-
ment on Stassen's statement. sation of f arge nuclear tests as
b
dent
t
di
y
ion r?or w
mere was no imme
ate reac
Washington, May 7 (M-Harold from the Pentagon. bower, and accepted by the Soviet
E. Stassen said, today it appt
s
Union
t
t
ld
mit
n
h
s
t
mee
-
so
e
um
asse
t
S
e to him that the United $t last Ing is aimed at a program "of
Plane shot down in Russia last unfreezing the' world attitude on
Sundayy was sent there dellbel both sides of the cold war."
ately by"some of our military of-. rl
"policy tiro own Hands"
ficers" to upset the summit meet And inc acc Into o "some of our';
lug scheduled to start May-16.
"I military officers"" of trying'to de-'
doubt that President Eisen.- ;ltberately upset this, he said:
haver knew about or, approved r "These officers have a right to~
this flight," Stassen : said before 'beir~ opinions against any nego?
the United States isrued its admisd
sion on the plane incident, "If,he tiations with Russia, but they do
did not, he should remove the of- not have e_rieht to ?take the
facers from their command : no foreign policy of the United, States
ant their on hands against ' the
matter how high up-they maybe de teed policy of: the elected
Now Lawyer In Philadelphia jpi sident.
Stassen, ` former disarmament . `"They know;, full well the re.
adviser to "Mr. Eisenhower and ;+!cion and counteraction which
,now Philadelphia attorney, made ~su4h flights cause and the ad,~
Oh g e ss 0ted" 4ys3ffa s ml^prr ii?fne o iatioi aft 1!he070001-6
 F FROM PAGE i,rove
"Living beings want to _ go on
living. The man bailed out and
once he got his feet on ' earth, he
did not heed the. advice of those
who sent him. So he is still alive,"
he declaimed.
KhrusbFhev asked why the pilot
had. a pistol if he was only going
to. take `air samples.
5`"No, he snapped. It is for taking,
the air out of human beings."
"Those that gave this man a
pistol were believers who touch
their foreheads to church., But we
atheists," the Premier' assured
his listeners, "have never; coni-
nutted any such crimes and will
notcommit them."
On the pilot's person were Ifoundl
7,500 rubles, said Khrushchev;
also French francs "Wrapped
neatly, American fashion, in cei ;
lophane" as well as West German
and Italians and other currencies
four gold watches and seven gold
bracelets.
"What use. ' did ' he have for all
those itemsln the upper layers.of
the atmosphere," asked Khrush-
chev.
"Maybe he,was flying to Mats
( with all of ;theta to woo martian
girls," he joked,,
"Anything Can Happen"'
Noting that the pilot also alleg
edly had a. penknife and dagger
along with his' pistol, Khrushchov:
asked why again.
"Apparently," he added, "he-
cause anything can happen way
untherA .Haw. narafiinr, they t
ke
a
For Release 2004/05/13 : CIA-RDP90T0(
CHICAGO TRIBUNE
M y6
PIONEER V NEARLY
5TH OF ITS WAY IN
ORBIT AROUND SUN
Washington; May 5 vi)
American spare officials said
Thursday that Pioneer V has
completed nearly one-fifth of
Its 514,500,000 mile journey
around the sun. The 94.8'
pound solar satellite.,
launched March 11?will take
311.6 days to finish its first
orbit, the National aeronaut-
ics and Space administration
said.
The sun satellite is travel-
ing in the same general di-
rection as the earth, but at a
faster pace. It will be 8 mil:
lion miles from the,earth or
Sunday,
Some time in the week of.
May ,15 scientists expect tc
'send it radio:colnmand switch,
ing bn Pioneer's 150 watt
`transmitter. It has been send,
Ing its reports with 'a 5 watt
transmitter, and has thus fax
transmitted 104.7 hours of in-
fprmatlon. Scientists now be.
.lieve the, 150'watt radio voice
will tarry for distances of
80 to 110 million. miles.
B4.LT OBE, SU(N
182R000100070001-6
WA2WNGTON Yfc "
b
MAN
llloscoiu' Serccted"-
As JV orlr 'a Fair Silo
tt?utere
P A R I S, ' Ma'y 5--The
1987 World's Fair' will ? be
held in Mn"seow, the Inter-
-national Fair' Bureau ?de-
eided here today.
in the fifth round of vot-
ing at a t e rls a meeting
here,, the Burehu's 30 na-
tions gave Moscow', 16 bat.
lots and the only, other
csandidate, Montreal, If. Austria withdrew. its bid'
for the fair earlier this
week
The Bureau's~`constitVt~'`'
lion allows" for ,only five
rounds ? f oting, Ih the' ,
first two `bialiots, hen, a
two-thirds , malprity is ra-'^`
quired, Moscow today-got
17 to Montreal's 1 and lid:;
to, Montreal's 14. In th ?`
next tw S dtlnds, . Whet
.simple majorit*t
ws's r:ei+H r `#
ed there werri ties f' ' ,
15',eneh `. ?r s N r
In. the ;fifth and fit- ~~`Fi
ballot, the candidate gain.. 3
ng the mast totes is aq~
eoled Nr;
MAY 8 1960
"
There may be gin, agent r'
Mans elan Labels
agencies in. the dovernment, who
._ o ",,., uwn responst?
lsility, eontrary to the President's.
Washington, may 7 (1P-Senator, policies for p'eace,"
Mansfield (D.,"Mont.), the assist- If, this is ab,
tl attold Con+
ant Senate majority leader,.:aaid ? Untied' , "I wb111d a sure that file
tonight "the President is bla:me? President w ll have abme
less" In the acknowledged Soviet 'searching questions to ask + , ; ,'~
spying episode but. warned, that f `He concluded '- n
Congress will expect, an,expelana.
tion of the affair.
He said that whatever was done
was done without the knowledge
of President Eisenhower, but
added "under' our system of gov
ernment, the' Administration iii
power, does bear, a great resporisi-
bility,"
Mansfield Comments
"I believe that the Cong ess' will
not only expect ' ?an ,explanation
based bn the .President's inquir
but It is quite possible there Will
be questions asked in the For6gn
Relations and:. Armed Services.
committees.",
Mansfield would not name the `
agency or agencies that might' be
responsible.
? Mansfield said the State Depart.
Ap td P4 li e:$Bi dD5/13 : CIA-RDP90TOO782R000100070001-6
 N.i, AERA '0r0V NEor F gase /05/13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
MU W
Picking Missile's Name
-Cough Job for Pentagon
WASHINGTON, May 7 (AP).
--The United States has dug
Into a veritable Pandora's Box
of mythological monsters, gods,
snakes and stars to find names
for Its space-age missiles and'
satellites. I
Although the Defense Depart-
ment must approve the desig-
nations, the naming process `Is
pretty much: left to the imagi-
nation and ingenuity. of the
individual, services and the
missile Industry.,
Just as in coining adverti"sing
slogans, there Is.no,rule to.
folk
low: Various names are 'sug-
gested, discussed and well lied.
And the one which strikes the
fancy of higher officials-as
descriptive, symbolic, or just
plain catchy-is the one `that
Pets used.
Mythology is the favorite
source.
Atlas Gave Name
The Air Force's new Titarl
intercontinental Missile get. It
name from the symbolic power
of the Pre-Olympian Titan
deities, Atlas the mythological'
character wh~ carried the earth]
on his back, gave his name!
to the Air Force long-range
ballistic missile that. Is now;
operational. Thor and Jupiter,
also symbolic of mythological
power, are the names of two
?poi ational intermediate-range
ballistic missiles,
Then there is the Army's Nike
f,yn-iily, named after, the Greek
;.goddess of victory. It-includes
also from mythology, the Ajax
andHercules anti-aircraft mis-
silcs. and the Nike Zeus that
the Armyy hopes to, perfect. As
an anti-missile missile.
Snakes seem to hold a fatal
charm for missile namers, The
Navy. aircraft missile Side=
winder, of course, honors the
deadly desert rattlesnake. The
Marine Corps has its. Cobra
surface-to-surface missile and
the Army is coming up shortly
with its Red ;ye ground-to-air
missile. The.-red part of the
name refers to the inffa-rein
heat-seeking guidance -of the
weapon.. But . the name as a
whole is also a popular designa-
tion for the deadly' copperhead.
Bird Names Popular
The services have gone in
quite heavily for. bird names.
The Air Force has. Falcon air-
craft guided rockets. The Spar-
row performs the same service
for the Navy, and the Ar PP11 V
a Hawk missile to knock down
enemy aircraft. .
the Air Force_ kilied--ofi its
oose several months ago but
as gone ahead with the.. Quail.
Both of these birds are decoy
issiles to be fired ahead of
bombers to distract enemy
defenses.
Typhon is the navy's new
name for a advanced anti-
aircraft missile system, In myth
ology Typhon was a monster
who fathered a number of other
monsters such, as the chimera
and the sphinx.
There is also, the nonsense
monster named Snark, created
by. the. fertile imagination of
Lewis Carroll, to describe a crea-
ture, 'that'. was part snake and
part shark,; . .
Astronomy .has-added its bit:
There,It the Navy's submarine-
lahcb,ed :Polaris missile, Po-
laris, theeiNorth Star, has been
a?guide, Point for mariners since
the'b'eginning of time
He said rocket forces such Mr. Gromyko also described.
as that which shot down the as "nonsense" the suggestion
American plane have "become,by the United States btete De-
the main component of our partment that the pilot of the
armed forces. Sbparate rocket American 'plane shot down
units have been set up with May 1 may have been un-
their own command and sep- !conscious when he crossed the
crate organizational structure. frontier because of an oxygen
The marshal's current job,failure.
was identified only as a "high Derides Explanation
post," and there was specula-
tion among diplomats watch- "We have spoken of ceveral
Ing the Supreme Soviet session other times when airplanes
that Marshal Oh r'chko coin- crossed our' borders, when
mands the rocket t nits he men- American pilots opened fire
tioned, against our planes," said Mr.
Burst Into Applause Gromyko. "Shall we sa;~ they
were unconscious, too?"
Deputies at the pre-summit "This Is a new problem for
meeting of the Soviet Parlia- medical science to study," he
meat burst into wild applause added sarcastically.
When he said the American The Soviet Foreign Minister
plane was destroyed by a "Te- said, "The answer to ' this
markable rocket on the first allegation is simple-none of
shot." They reacted similarly those who bear responsibility,
when . Premier Khrushchev an- for such actions can provide
trounced to ,them yesterday that any .coherent. explanation."
the plane had been shot down. Mr, Gromyko ;said that the
"Soviet servicemen." Marshal Soviet Union "still hopes that'
Gtrechko declared;; "fulfilled the the forthcoming summit con-
order of the Soviet government .ferenep will bring about a
with credit. Let the aggressors 'further relaxation of interna-
remember that we have enough tional tension."
rockets," ' He promised?that "tho Soviet
The marshal said the order government, on Its part, will doj
-to fire the rocket came, from everything possible to aid the
the Soviet government and per- success of the Paris meeting,"
tonally from ?Premier Khru- The meeting opening ifi Paris
shcheV. May 16, he said, "will be, a, real
Apparently Mr. Khi'ushchev acid test of the Western poe-
was roused early on May bay era' Intentions.
to be told of ' the American; Reaction In Piess
plane. Red Star, official Soviet,
military publication, said anI The Soviet press. blossomed'
anti-aircraft defense unit was' today with stories of the May 1
alerted Just at dawn and the~Incident and photographs' of
plane was flying at a, speed of the plane wreckage. They de-
approximately 540 miles an' scribed the quick reaction when
hour. a radio locator spotted the
As Marshal Grechko spoke in. plane. The stories did not give
parliament, Mr. Khrushchev the exact location, except to say
idium sat directly behind him.
~~~~~ ^^ ~~~~~~~ New Merlin Warning
SI
Soviet Foreign Minister An-
drel Gromyko Warned again to-
day the
pare evict Union wty
gn, athat
Khrushchev Order si
with East Germany it tithe treaty Fired. `Remarkable Four powers tall to agree on an
Weapon, He Says all-German settlement.
Mr
Gromyko also said the
.
MOSCOW, May 6 (AP),- Soviet Union and its Wars
aly
Marshal Andrei A. Grechko'paet allies will guard the East
told the Supreme Soviet today German borders. He made It
that the American i4 l a n e plain the Soviet Union consid-
brought down May 1 was de- era West Berlin'would;lie within
stroyed on the first shot by a: that off-limits' region, `}with ac-
"remarkable rocket" fired on cess to the city then to be con-
Premier Khrushchev's personal trolled by the East German, re-
orders. glme which the Allies refuse
Marshal Grechko, who for-,'to recognize.
merly commanded Soviet' Mr. Gromyko, speaking to the
troops in Germany, charged, Supreme Soviet, was lust as
the Ambrican plane was mak firm in expressing determina-
it was near the southern border
of the Soviet Union:
Pravda, after a brief de-
scription of the alert, said "the
fight did not continue long.
Soon it was evident to every-?,
one that the target was shot
down. The bandit received his
Just desserts. The same fate;
will happen to anyone who
tries to violate clear Soviet;
skies."
Komsomol Pravda noted that!
the incursion occurred on May'
Day-the Soviet Union's big-
gest holiday-.,and said:
"If the aggressor thought
vigilance world be weakened
over May Day he miscalculated.
The plane was detected the
moment it crossed our border." 1
an aggressor." speech at Baku 10 days ago.
 WASHINGTON
ST iprc tl or1 ease 2004/05/13 : YIA6,F P j9 qMWOOQ,'I Tg70R46
NASA Denies 'Mystery'
In Jet Reds Downed
By CHARLES YARBROUGH
star staff writer
' EDWARDS AIR FORCE
BASE, Calif., May 7: A. Lock-
heed U-2 jet plane of the type
apparently downed by Russia is
out in plain view for minute
exterior inspection here.
Even though it has been fly-
ing four years, the U-2 was a
"mystery ship" when the So-
iviet incident broke into the
news.
Out here; before members of
the Aviation Space Writers As-
sociation, a National Aeronau-
tics and Space Administration
spokesman expressed surprise
at the "mystery". surrounding
the plane.
?Mystery" Denied
"We haven't been beating the
drum about it," Jie said, "but
there have been releases on it
and technical stories."
In Washington, NASA re-
leased generalized specification
and performance figures--"cap-
able of extended flights at alti-
tudes between. 60,000 and 55,-
000 feet; speeds up to 70 per
cent of the speed of sound. '
gear the plane carries included
70-millimeter, cameras.
Solid blue-black, except for
the yellow band on the tail
bearing a "NASA" marking,
the aircraft has a..landing gear
that would look far more nat-
ural on a slider.'
Small Double Wheels
There is no nose wheel. One;
set of small double wheels,
about 15 Inches, in diameter,
nestles amidships under the
tail wheel, not much more'
than 7 inches in diameter, is
wheels part way out on the
underside of the wing, which
remain on the ground as the
plane leaves the runway.
On landing, there are two
wingtip tabs, extending down-
ward to serve as skids if the
plane tips. They showed evi-
dence of use.
The single-engine plane has
a 90-fodt wing span; is 46 feet
long. NASA has said the mis-
sion of the plane is to carry
heavy loads of research equip-
ment 10 miles high and keep
them there long enough to
make delicate studies on clear
air turbulence, wind shear, the
let stream and cosmic rays.
Planes Grounded
In Washington, NASA sources
said the remaining weather re-
search planes have been
grounded for 16 days to permit
a recheck of the planes and.
particularly of oxygen equip-.'
ment.
A NASA statement Thursday,
following the . Russian an-
no ncement of the incident,
noted that the pilot of a U-2
missing after. a flight from
Turkey had reported difficul-
ties with his oxygen equip-'
ment.
The NASA statement said
three of the U-2 planes pres+
ently operate out of Atsugi,
Japan, and four out of Adana,
Turkey. One is operated. here
at' Edwards Air Force Base.
MAY 7 1960.
Navy -to Launch
5th Ballistic Sub
foal Shipyard, the Navy's ? fifth,
,Miss Mary Lincoln Beckwith
of Manchester, Vt., great-
Approv
0tro116ii!IWAeh ( /O~f3
Tensions Seeff"
Certain to
Be Increased
But U. S. Officials
Discount Change
In Summit Plans
By JOHN M. HIGHTOWER
Associated Press Staff Writer
United States officials learned
with amazement today of Soviet
Premier Khrushchev's ? state-
ment that an American pilot
has been captured flying a spy
mission across the Soviet
Union.
The dramatic statement by.
Mr. Khrushchev before the ,Su-
preme Soviet seems certain to'
bring a, further increase in ten-
sion between Moscow and
Washington.
But officials still discounted
the possibility that President
Eisenhower would change his
plans for the summit meeting
or for a June visit to Russia.
State Department Press Of-
ficer Lincoln White had no im-
mediate comment on the Khru-
shchev report. The State ? De-
partment presumably wanted to
get his own information directly
from Ambassador Llewellyn
Thompson at Moscow. Officials
also clearly wanted to go over
Mr. KhrushChev's account in
some detail. .
President Causes Speculation
Mr. Eisenhower himself stim-
ulated speculation yesterday
about his scheduled Russian
visit when he spoke of taking a
boat as a present to Mr. Khru-
shchev "if" he made the trip
to Moscow.
Mr. Herter returned to Wash-
ington yesterday from Allied
conferences at Teheran, Iran,
1 mid Istanbul, Turkey. He skid l
IS would be in his office today
.and indicated he would confer
promptly with. the President.
Their. discussion could ? be
held by telephone, since 'Mrs
Eisenhower is at his Gettysburg
(Pa.) farm. But a helicopter
visit by Mr. Herter to Gettys
;burg was. not ruled out if' Mr
Eisenhower considered it"nee-
essaiy.
Mr. Herter sounded two
cautionary notes about the
summit, He said the ' foreign
ministers of the North Atlantic
Treaty countries and of the
Central Treaty Organization
(Middle East) had agreed "that
,exaggerated hopes" for summit
!achievement were not Justified,
He olso said the Allied foreign
policy Chiefs decided unani-
mously that a 'true relaxation
of tensions is impossible "while
the Soviet Union continues its
attacks on some members of
the alliance and seeks to sow
'dissension betwee nthem."
Mr.. Eisenhower .` and Secre-
tary of State Herter are with-
holding final decisions on the
next?United States move in the
pre-summit maneuvering until
they get a betltcr picture from
Moscow of the plane incident.
They want to see, how Mr.
Khrushchev follows up his
statements Thursday that the
plane had been shot down and
today that the pilot is alive
and may be tried as a spy.
Mr. Khrushchev also attacked
Mr. Eisenhower for saying he
might have Vice President
Nixon substitute for him at the
summit conference if the meet-
ing lasts more than a week.
The conference is scheduled to
open in Paris May 16.
The violence of the Premier's
propaganda blast at the United
States . startled officials here
and even provoked some con-
gressional suggestions that the
8WRORN tO0782R?i00iis00070001-6
mans.
 WA.SrJP & ' Relgse72004/05/13 : CIA-RDP90TOO782R000100ftb6WTON STAR
HEARS PILOT IS ALIVE
Family Sheds boors of Joy
13
JERRY O'LEARY
J
y
,
r.
Star StaC Writer
The parents and five sisters
of Francis G. Powers burst into
tears of happiness today at
their home in Mill Creek, Va.,
when they learned the Amer.
ican pilot was safe and sound
somewhere in Russia.
"Thank God l That's what
we've been hoping for," said
his father, Oliver W. -Powers,
a shoemaker in mountainous
Wise County, Va., about 350
milPS from- Washington,
7'he 30 .year - old pilot's
'mother, who is suffering fFctn
a heart condition, cried along
with the rest of the family
when 4word first reached them
that Soviet Premier Khrushchev
.said their son was still alive.
Told of Mr. Khrushchev's
claims that her brother, had
gence mission, a sister, Joyce
Powers, 20, said: .
"That's Just not true. It's not
possible."
Stunned by Charge
She said the family was
stunned by the Russian charges
and the suggestion from the
Soviet leader that her brother
might be tried as a spy..
Another sister, Mrs. Janice
P. Melvin of 1604 Neaion.drive,
Falls Church, Va., said word of
Mr. Khrushchev's .announce-
ment about her brother carne
from the New York Times at
6:45 a.m. today.
"None of us ' were sleepy,"
Mrs. Melvin told The Star.
"We were too upset for, that.
All of us thought he was dead
but ' we were hoping against
hope.,,
Mrs. Melvin, wife of an.
American Oil Co. employe; said
the family has received no ofli-
cial word' that Mr. Powers is .
safe from any Government
source.
Phone Call Planned
"We'll call them ' today to
see it it's possible for us to
get a telephone call through to
Francis In. Russia," said Mrs.
Melvin,
The five daughters of Mr.
and Mrs. Powers were gathered
in'their parents' home at Mill
Francis . Gi Powers, the
American pilot presumed
`shot down over': Russia
and now reported to be.
alive, and his' wife,
Barbara, who is in Turkey,
where, her husband was
stationed, - AP Wire-
photo.
Creek between Pound and
Clintwood. Va., when they were
told the family's only sort was
safe.
A second daughter from the
Washington area is Mrs. Jes-
sica Hileman of 318 Audrey
lane, Glassmanor, Md. Her
husband William is a circula-
Washington Daily News.
Rally to Parents
Also at Mill Creek to be with
their parents during their or-
deal are Mrs. G Goff and Mrs.
Joanne' Meade, both of Pound,
and Miss Powers, who lives at
home.
The family had last seen
Mr. Powers in November when
he was on, leave from Adana,
Turkey, where he has been sta.
tioned with his wife. for the
past four years, _
Mr. Hileman said Mr. Powers'
wife Barbara is a native of
Albany, Ga. The' couple has
been married about five yeatc,
he. said.
Mrs. Me vin said her brother
had been h the Air Fgrce but
left that service more than, four
years ago.
The pilot was born August
17, 1929, at Jenkins, Ky., but
had lived most of his life in
Columbus;,IGa., and southwest-
ern Virgin A. His father owns
the Norton Shoe Shop in Nor-
ton, Va.
As a y uth, they said, he
was athlet cally inclined, play-
ing footba 1 at Grundy (Va.)
High School and participating
in track liter on. He ran the
440-yard dash and the 880-
yard run ht Milligan College,
Johnson City, Tenn., from
where he was. graduated in
1950. He' took part In the
Penn Relays one year.
Loved to Fly
They said he also was an
accomplished swimmer' and
had been a lifeguard.
Francis loved to fly, his fam-
ily said, since the age of 14
when he took his first pane
ride. at Princeton, W. Va.
"Flying always meant every-
thing to that boy," his father
said.
? The pilot's mother had been
taking his loss hard, the father
said. "She heard all about his
being shot down on the radio.
We couldn't keep it from her.,,
" In the 10 years he's . been
flying, most of it has been
alone. Only' a, few times has
there been anyone else in the
plane."
Ini ~ er
Has Confessed,
Premier Says.'
Khrushchev Shows'
Pictures He Clair no,
Prove Photo Plight:
MOSCOW, ` May :7 : (AP).
Nikita Khrushchev ;;disclosed
today that,. the pilau of the
American plane shot, down :on
May Day is alive in Mosgow
and might be tried as a slip, ;
TheSoviet Premier 'tried,
deputies of the Supreme Soviet
(parliament) .the pilot had`con<
fessed he was flying across the
Soviet Union on a soy. missdun
photographing' Soviet alrflelds'
and individual crlterprlses---not
flying a peaceful weather cib..
servation mission,
Mr. I irus4chev said h e .ha .
delayed announcing the capture
of the pilot in order to expose;
"fabrications" in the official
American version. , oi' , , tha
Incident,
Identification .Cheeks but'.
He, identified the pilot ag
Francis Gerry' Powers and Ahid
he was a former 'Air Foi!-e
Pilot who' Joined: the Central
Intelligence Agency in ;1958. .
(The United etates 'State'
Department ; had ' , Identified'
the', pilot of the ' nilm$ir g
American weather plane its,
r''rsncis t-*.: rowers, 3P,' I
Pound, Va.i' ft niviliari to
Suggesting that a' news c4on'
terence, might be organized::to
displa+~ 'the a pafatus used for
the' allegbd weather survey, i re
Khrushchev added:
"I also thought it war, Id 17
right.to but the pilot an trial."
Although the Americans had
claimed tllo plane was tin#
armed, the Premier went o
the pilot' had been supplied
with P. noiseless pistol.
"Confession" Quoted!
Soviet, money and French'
gold francs also were found in his possession, Mr. Khrushchev
said, adding:
"What were these francs for
-to ,gain altitude?"
Mr. Khrushchev, said the
plane' was part of Unit No.
10-10, based in Turkey east of
Adana and commanded by COI.
William Shelton.. , ..
Approved For Release 2004/05/13: CIA-RDP90T00782R00010&Q901
-6 J
= pan
 I'31ROM PAGE ~jgpproved IFb t 1 00.4M5/13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
e`~saI~-t-Powers, left
on, April 27 and flew to Pakis-
tan where he was based at the
Tishla Airfield.
He quoted the pilot as say-
ing:
}'I had to take off from
Pakistan and fly through the
territory, of the USSR to Nor-
way.. Of, Soviet cities which
I was supl)osed to fly over I
remember Murmansk and
in the Urals while en route Mr. Khrushchev c l a i m e d
from an American base in ( that Mr. Power had since ad-
Pakist n to a base in Norway milted he was working in mill-
:Archangel. I had to switch on
and off instruments over cer-
tain points spotted on my map.
The plane covered more than
2,000 kilometers (1,250 miles)
in four hours."
fabrications, based on the as-
Mr. Khrushchev said the sumption that if the aircraft
.pilot did. not commit suicide 'had been shot down, the pilot
,rather than be captured as
ordered because. "living things
want to go on living." He said
that besides the noiseless pistol,
the. pilot had a penknife , and
dagger "so you see he was well
provided with weapons. Why?
Apparently because, anything
cap happen way lip there: 1
What.'gdod, care they take ofj
their flyers!" ' i
"And 'the pilot had 7,000.
gbles, too," Mr.. Khrushchev
paid:. "Cat course he' was not
flying to change the old rubles
to new ones. ' , . . ,
"What was the purpose?
Was" it far taking air samples?
The pilot also had West Ge
man. Italian and other cu
watch, he had. two other gold
watches and seven gold brace-
lets for woinen."
Mr. Kbrushchev remarked
that press reports said Presi-
dent Eisenhower knew nothing
about the flight of- the Amer-
ican plane.
".This is the military machine
which , Shamelessly lost its
head," he said.. ;
"The. fact of this bandit
filg-ht should put us on the
alert.., We .. sh4Uld be vigilant
every hour.''.
He again told those who "al-'
low their countries to be used
(for foreign bases: Don't play
with fire."
"Turkey, Pakistan and Nor.
sway should become aware that
they are participants of this
hostile act,", he declared.
Mr. Khrushchev said there
will be a dews conference
where all the apparatus from
the plane will be put on dis-
play. Then, he added sternly:
"Ite would be right to put
this pilot on. trial. "
"Poison .Kit" Claimed
The Premier said the plane
was shot down near901Yy
It was intended, he said, to of an official .Job at a civilian
photograph the Ural region, station.
Archangelsk and Murmansk. "He has said that he was
Mr. Khrushchev said the to have flown over a number of
flyer told Soviet interrogators points including Murmansk
he had been instructed not to and Archangel switching on
surrender and had been given and off his apparatus over vari-
a poison kit in order to commit ous points marked on the map,"
suicide rather than be captured. said the Premier.' His eventual
Mr. Khrushchev said he destination was the Norwegian
deliberately had withheld some airport at Boedoe.
details of the incident when
he addressed the Parliament U. S. Explanation
earlier this week. (Commenting on Mr. Khru-
ment that a United States
plane had been shot down,
the State Department said
yesterday a single - engine
must have died," he said. high - altitude Jet used in
Moscow Radio broadcast his weather research took off
"Spy" Pay Noted
Mr. Khrushchev said the,
plane was shot down from' a
?height of 20,000 meters and
added: "If they fly higher we.
will 'still get them."
He said the pilot claimed
)'that until 1956 he was. In the
United States Air Force earn-
ing $700 a month. He said the
pilot admitted that he then
went to work for what the.
Premier called an "American
espy organization" for a salary,
of $2,500 dollars a month.
' ,' , "That's the way: capitalists
buy human beings," Mr. Khru-
shchev said.
The Soviet Premier showed
the cheering deputies a film
which he said had been taken
from the plane and developed
here.
Khrushchev led into his;
story of the confession by say-
ing-"Now I am going to tell you
a secret. I did not tell you
when I. first reported the story,
that we:had parts of the plane
and that we also have the pilot
{ from Adana, Turkey, last
Sunday and had been miss-
ing. It said the pilot might
have been unconscious when
the incident occurred.
("During the flight of this
plane," the State Department
report said, "the pilot re-
ported difficulty with his ox-
I ygen equipment.
("It is entirely possible
that having a failure in the
oxygen equipment which
could result in the pilot los-
consciousness, the plane
ing
continued on automatic pilot
for a considerable distance
and accidentally violated So-
viet air space.")
Mr. Khrushchev was in his
best dramatic form.
"Lot of Foolish Things"
In attacking the United
States speculation of what
happened to the missing
weather plane, he declared:
"Now they have already told
us a lot .of foolish things and
I am sure they will give us
more foolish things."
He then quoted the pilot as
testifying that "his apparatus
who is alive and kicking. ' was flying the ,itinerary pre-
"We did that on purpose, !scribed for him. The people
because if we gave all ;that in- who sent him thought he
formation another 'explanation wouldn't be detected because
(by the United States) would of the great height of his flight,
have been produced. "But he was detected at the
"Camera Was Good One" (height. of 20,000 meters' (about
;03,000 feet).\ We' caught, him
Mr. Khrushchev told the 8u there and will catch any plane
preme Soviet in its closing ses- :even at higher height."
Sion that photographs taken by Photos Shown to Deputies
,the plane had been developed Mr. Khrushchev then said it
in Moscow, where the pilot is Iwas a spy plane. I
being held "Now we have the apparatus
"Some of the photographs ' and the pictures which ' were
are of Soviet military aero- taken by him. Here they are,".
dromes and industrial enter-: he said,
Mr. Khrushchev said
"The
prises"
he declared
.
.
, camera used was. a good one., (pilot escaped from his fall{
"I
 Ap &aqeMe> a 200410'$/13: 16 4-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
'Remarkable'.
Reds
.Seen Similar to_Nik~'
Ajax
A
uanni a.t.eA P-- ?- _
Pentagon o f f i c i a l s dis-
counted the "remarkable"
features attributed by a Soviet
Marshall yesterday to the nisi
site which he said was used
to shoot down an American
plane.
On the basis of published
reports of the Parliament
ppeech by Marshal Andrei A.
Grechko, the rocket he de-
crihed may have been the
Soviet TO ground-to .,ir mis
sile-similar to the first Nike
Ajax 'Missile in use by the
United States Army for sev-
era1 years and now being
replaced by the newer Nike
Hercules.
A Defense Department
spokesman also said that if
the Russians had indeed
downed the plane with ? a hit
from a' missile, that action
demonstrated not h i n, g that
would affect the United States'
program for using bombers
as well as missiles if war with
Russia came in the foresee-
able future.
The spokesman made these
points:
? The tJ2 Weather- Recon-
naissance Plane presumed to
have been the Soviet target
is a comparatively slow, un-
maneuverable craft, actually
designed on the principle of
a jet- powered glider for the
purpose of taking it to high,
altitudes for atmospheric and
meteorological research. -
? The strategic bombing of
the. U. S. Air Force' and Navy
is patterned around entirely
different planes' and ,tactics.
The bombers themselves are
faster than the U2-more than
100 miles per hour faster in
the case of the B52 Heavies,
while the newer B58 Medium
Bombers are capable of super,
sonic flight. .
Moreover, a basic part of
.the bomber system includes
counter-measures, such as
radar-jamming equipment and
"decoy" missiles such as the
"Quail" to confuse -enemy
tracking. In addition, B52s
are now being armed with
"Hound Dog" missiles which
are launched up to 600 miles
from a defended target and
attain speeds of more than
1,400 miles an hour.
? Investigation up to now
indicates the pilot of the U2
,spay have blacked out because
of failure of..his oxygen sys-
tem while at an altitude of
niore than 50,000 feet. If the
were true, his airplane, on
automatic pilot, might have
flown a strai ht, undeviating
course across the Soviet-J'urk-
ish border-presenting a re-
markably easy target.
Similar to'Nike
A summary of Russian weap-
ons released by NATO last
December included a descrip-
tion of ground-to-air rockets.
In this connection, NATO
experts said the Soviet TO Is
a radar-directed rocket, pro-
pelled by two main dnd four
auxiliary solid fuel engines,
with a range of 20 to 25 miles,
,,climbing to a height of 12
miles, attaining' a speed of
about 1,500 miles an hour.
"This is similar to the
;American Nike," NATO said.
The U. S. Nike Hercules,
the Army says, has success-
fully Intercepted and destroyed
targets at altitudes of more
than 20 miles, and has dem-
onstrated effectiveness against
targets flying, at more than
2% times the speed of sound.
The Hercules has a lateral
range of about 75 miles, con-
siderably l o n g e r than the
earlier. Ajax, and mounts an
atomic warhead whereas . the
Ajax uses only conventional
explosive.
The Army' presently has
about 250 Nike Ajax and Nike
Hercules batteries in opera-
tion. , I
WAPITT NGTON I'OS'Z MAY 7 1960
Russian Leaders
Lash Yankees as
Bandits'
By Henry Shapiro,
MOSCOW, May 6 (UPI)
Soviet leaders said today
an American plane was shot
down Sunday by a "remark-
able rocket" on personal
orders of Premier Nikita S.
Khrushchev. They warned
the United States again of
"provocations" and "mili-
tary gambles."
1hounced the Americans asl
"gangster" who acted like Hit-I
lerites and "two-faced bandits.")
Grechko' was followed by
Foreign Minister ' Andrei;
Gromyko who dismissed as t
"nonsense" U. S. State Depart-i
ment accounts of the plane in-
cident and repeated Khrush-
Ichev's warning of yesterday
that the United . States.. was
"playing with fire." _
Khrushchev told members of
a Ghana parliamentary dele-,
gation he would reply in the
Supreme Soviet Saturday to
the Washington statements,
the II e r a 1 d Tribune News
'oniglit Soviet citizens held Service reported:
meetings throughout Russia' [Meanwhile, the U. S. Em-
to denounce the "gangster"basiy delivered a note to the
Soviet Foreign Ministry call-
American plane. The U. S.-ling -for further information
Embassy said It had receivedabout the paane, Reuters re
20 telegrams denouncing the ported. The note also asked
:the Soviet Government to
"Remarkable" Red missile
seen similar to America's
old Nike Ajax. Pape A7.
"Invasion," Russian newspa-
make inquiries about the
pilot.]
U. S. Theory Attacked
,Gromykq said It,was slicer
nonsense for the State Depart-
Perm Were filled with anti mment to report that the Ameri-
American statements.
'Marshal Andrei A. Grechko,
first deputy minister of de-
fense and commander-in-chief
of ground #orees, told a wild-
ly cheering Supreme Soviet
(parliament) that the U. S.
plane had been destroyed by
the first rocket fired.
Warns U. S. of Power
can pilot may nave lost con-
sciousness and drifted over the
order when his oxygen supply
ailed while he was flying over
Turkey.
He said* .-other American
lanes had .invaded Soviet ter-
ritory and even fired at Rus-
;Ian planes.
"Do, you want to say that
:hey, too, also lost 'conscious-
less?." Gromyko asked. "This
Grechko said rocket troops)`s indeed a novel problem for
have "become the mainlmedicine ....I wish to stress
branch; of the armed force one fact-the carelessness of
people ` who are playing with
and have been formed into afire."
separate service with its own Gromyko also restated tile
command." He warned 'the Soviet's position on West Ber-
United - States, "Remember lin and warned the West that
that we have enough rockets."force will be met by force if
The Supreme Soviet session,the Western Allies try forcibly
angered by Khrushchev's re-to -preserve the status of West
port yesterday of an American Berlin.
"aggression," heard some of
Speaker- -after speaker de-
Approved For Release 2004/05/13 : CIA th h Va ti0t 00 't-- an page
I
 lr'FRUM PAGE .aq,pproved For Release 2004/05/13
'W mar go r
[The USSR, Gromyko said,
will sign a separate peace
!treaty with Communist East
? Germany If the summit reaches
Issues of
vided Germany. tBh Assoca tee ;Attacks Applauded
Press further reported. He
added; to applause-
., ["This is not a threat or an
uimatum. This is an act to
I make the position in West
Berlin normal. Some Western
powers say that the preserva-
tion of the status of West Ber-
lin should be made by force.
I say any attempt to use f0.016 1 need the wealth of, others,"
will be t by thm
m
e sa
e. H0 had brought wild ap-
["The borders of the German plause when he made the
Democratic (Communist), Re-
publici in "the-heart of which 'surprise announcement that
lies West Berlin, are secure. Khrushchev personally gave
'
h
All
t
e might. of the Soviet the order to shoot down the
Union and the other states of American plane.
the Warsaw Pact will lbe put; There Was wilder applause
n the alert to preserves these when he'said, "The American
pother rs and countries the of th Socialist he e Socialist of plane was brought down May
;
camp,"
[This echoed the stand of
Khrushchev 'to ' end the tour
power occupation of Berlin and
turn West Berlin into a "free
city." He also wants states
whp participated in the'War on!
'Hitler 'to. sign peace -treaties
with the two Germanys. He
has said that if this is rejected
by the.. West, the Western
viet Union . "still 'hopes that
the -forthcoming summit con
ference ' will bring about a
[lte. promised' that, "the So- he was getting into. when he
Viet Government,. on its part,
will: do everything possible to
,aid the success' of. :the Paris
meeting.
[The meeting 'opening May...
16, he said; ,will
be a real
acid test of the Western pow-,
ei's, intentions "i '
Grechko "called the ' "'In'-
vasion" by, the American plane
:another link 'in a chain of un-
provoked attacks` ? against the
Soviet. Union and said it was
an attempt; to. "probe our de-
fenses and our', readiness, to
deliver . a resounding rebdff
to, an: aggressor."
The marshal said the Soviet
Union had begun . carrying out!,
a? previous decision of the Su-
preme Soviet to tri1~ lrL
armed forces and addeQiPP .
"Until the decision is adopt-
ed on general and complete
disarmament, the S o v i e t
Army men will resolutely and
boldly curb all the provoca-
The, delegates applauded a
series of speakers who de-
nounced American actions
with the summit conference
barely two weeks away and
G r e c h k o cautioned them:
"Calm yourselves, gentlemen,
We have no intention of at-
t-acTcilig anyone. a--do not
1 by a rocket with its first
shot and added, "The rocket
is a remarkable weapon with
which Soviet armed forces in
the area'are equipped."
Details Disclosed
Further details of the opera-
lion were described today ,in;
Pravda, the official Coninu-
nist' newspaper, by a Soviet
Air Force artillery major,. M,
Tronov;' who said the plane
was flying at an altitude of
five miles.
"No tricks of the Americans
help," he' wrote. "The Soviet
Invaded foreign terrifory. He
could not hope to escape un-
punished' ..continued
"luring the alert signal our
warriors took their places. The
antiaircraft unit acted very
skilfully and the plane, was
"The ? inhabitants . of the
neighboring villages helped to
find `the fra~ments, Of the
American plane which had no
markings of identification,"'.'
He did not mention the fate
of the pilot.
5. TO SPUR STUDY
TEST DETECTION
ti" -
Plans to Spend $60,000,000
Qlr.:?Subsurface Atom Blasts
Inform Moscow
.s,
I
B,y JOHN W. FINNEY
a"a
Special to The New York Timee.
_ WASHINGTON, May 6-The
.&dmihistration has decided on
a- greatly accelerated nrnx ram
r d and controlled by the
tted States, Britain and the
Soviet Union.
;Another'Polnt of Conflict
pother possible point: , of
gaTher further information on
t , seismic signals generated
limited" number of Such
-explo
aiians.
Officials said today that the
nducting explosions of various
ngths and In different earth.
nuclear explosions. number'. of conventional explo-
i
- he program, wh
ch will be sions.
appounced shortly, calls fora The expanded program will
sixfold increase in research
into this problem which is crit- be built around Project Vega,
icar-to the conclusion of a treaty which was initiated last Sep?
banning nuclear tests. The De- tember In the Defense Depart-
'fense Department and the ment to find Improved ways of
Atomic E
C
nergy
ommission detecting explosions under
would spend about $60,000,000
on under round detection prob- ground and in space. The un-,
temoo in. .tie coming fiscal year, dertaking, directed by the Ad-,
in comparison with. the present vanced Research ' Projects
level of 4,bout, $10,000,000,
The prgram. will be present-
ed to th. Soviet Union at Ge-
neva nex ; week as the proposed
coordinated East-West research Iptosto
effort 014 underground detec- ~TEXT?OF THE U. S. NOTE
tion. At the United States' sug- . , WASHINGTON, Mayo (UPI)
gestion, ast-West technical'ex- -
The following is the text of
parts will meet May i! to ex- the United States note delivered
p ore rogramthel feasibility of such .a to the Soviet. Foreign Ministry
The difficulty of. 'detecting today:
E
b
of t
m
assy
and identifying small 'under-e
he United
ground explosions has devel- I States of Anierlua, by instru
th
e l1Vilor LU statethe f 'low-
block in the test ban negotia
-
tions. The West has insisted in The United States,GOV'
ern-
on further research as a condi- , ment has noted the stateme
nt
t
th
t
ion
o
e Soviet proposal for of the Chairman of the Coun-
a moratorium on such explo- , ci of Ministers of the Union
sions, of Soviet Socialist Republics,
Meetings Called Preliminary N. S. i.igh the only plane missing last Sunday was
plainly marked with the insignia of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration. He hinted
' -surely not for consumption among people who
can and do read the world's newspapers-"that
the American militarists decided to act independ-,
ently, as did the Spanish military. junta 'which'
rose up against the legal Spanish Government."
The spectacle of the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration 'marching on the White
House; or the Capitol is Indeed an appalling one.
if the; widely traveled Mr. Khrushchev were to
fall into this error the spectacle would be baffling
and, ominous.
?Of course I Jr. Khrushchev is not falling- into
any error, except as he overestimates the cred-
ulousness of the Western populations or under-
estimates their firmness in a time of stress. Mr.
Khrushchev is talking for effect. Since Mr. Khru-
shchev'is not too restrained to suggest that Pres-
ident Eisenhower might lie about the necessity of
going home early from the Paris conference, we.
need not be too restrained to suggest that some-
times Mr. Khrushchev tells a fib.
The truth, -as even Mr. Khrushchev would note
deny, is that as long as we have a cold war and .
frontiers which conceal highly prized secrets there
will be occasional trouble In the air. ' Boundary
lines can easily be overshot when one is ten miles
up. The cure for the situation that has cost this
country ten or more planes during the last four
years Is relaxation Hof international tensions and
an agreement to exchange pertinent information
as a prelude to disarmament. Mr. Khrushchev's
remarks on Thursday, and the sneering warning
with which Foreign Minister Gromyko followed
them up yesterday
will not r
la
i
t
 Approv d tPtRelela&et200W&ab913 : (PIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
"
f' his return today from Central
FRUM WAGE,
in public, a stiffer posturebr' Treaty and North Atlantic
Treaty Meetings in Teheran. and
the summit meeting both Istanbul, said it had been unani-
Moseow and in Western capitalg.: mously agreed at those meet-
Both sides seem eager to Wirt tugs that there could be no real
wide sunnort for their basic easing. of world tensions "while
positions as being "reasonable the Soviet Union continues its
and "fair." Each side seems attack on some members of the
eager to place pressure on the alliance and seeks to sow dis-
other appearing to warn in sension Mr. Herter between also repeated earli-
adr~anca against any expects- er warnings against holding too
hint.
f s
' d
_ _ _
`
o
urre
er or
ajar
moreover, have prepared the
way, should the "summit gather.
ing fail to produce any results,
to blame the other.
The ; pre-summit ? maneuvers,
have been going on since the
meeting was agreed to last fall.
The Soviet and United States
Governments have been the
most active in this process.
On April 4, in Chicago, Secre-
tary of State Christian A.
Herter said that the Western
pci+tvers weer ready to negotiate
all major problems in good
faith but that they would in-
sist o ntheir fundamental rights
In West Berlin, He warned, too,
tht anyone who expected dra-
,(matic achievements at the sum-
jmlt might be disappointed.
On April 20, In New York,
t' Under Secretary of State Doug-
las Dillon was even more ex-
plicit on the questiort::of Allied
rights in Berlin. He warned
that Mr. Khrushchev was
skating on very thin fee" in'
threatening to sign a separate
p are pact with 1 the East
Ger- man Communist Government.
II Thole rot Nixon Buggestod
f resident Eisenhower's state.
m _ nt have generally reflected
those of his deputies in the for-
k il',ir affairs field. He has indf-
r rated, too, that he does not
think the summit gathering
hould last too long, and hasii
underiithed that thought, by an-
"jnouncing that If it runs more
than a week. , he will ask Vice
hhrusbehev has repeated his
stan on summit Issues in most
(pril 26, in Baku, he made one'
He said that unless the Western
powers went along with his
pact with East Germany. In
that case, he added, Western
rights In Berlin would end and
detail, In their talks before the
Supreme Soviet. The Premier
the plane, was over Russian territory-
and there has been no claim to the con
trary-the SoViet action is hardly sur-
prising. Assuming that, the whole story
of this incident has been told, we can
see no need. or justification for using an
American weather observatio plane so
close to the Russian border. To do this,'
at best, is to risk an accident which in-
vites trouble; and If we invite trouble,
we should not complain when we get It.
The :thing that bears so adversely
upon the outlook` for the summit Is'the;
frame of reference in which Mr. Khru-'
sltchev has presented the story" of this
ajlair. He calls it an act of aggression.
nianifestly an untruth if' the aircraft in
question actually`, we.s an " unarmed ''U-2:
weather, reseoyeli plane., He threatens
3c untries' allied with us -which? make.,
t eir, territory, available for "such ag-''
?gi'essive actions. $e hints at:; Soviet?
rgcket retaliation, And he suggests that
the plane may have been sent with?i
President , Eisenhower's knowledge to,,
d0stroy the prospects for. a successful":
summit meeting.
We do not pretend to know Why Ml::
hrushchev .takes this ominous 'tack a,
sdant 10 days in advance of, the sched-
u ed summit meeting. It may be a taeti-
c l maneuver, or it, may be a response;
t some pressure from within the 6ovee
t. inn, . in any event,` it raises a seriou'"
question as to whether Mr. Eisenhower
should go to the summit. For, as
" el
Khrushchev says, 'the `chances for suc=<
ces?`a,t the.stl'mmit have been "dimmed."'
And?he oughtto know, sillcg he ev.dently?
has planne4 it that-way.
WASHINGTON STAR
MAY 6 1960
Fading Summit
It is not merely the shooting, down
,of an American plane by the Russians
i
l
ook
which clouds the summ
t out
j I
True, the destruction of the plane
was hardly an act of friendship. But if
--- .. Ya wca YC.t,iIBU 1'1g11GS
would be met with force.
 Apppproved~{ ForR else 4/05/13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
"' WAL"t% STREET ToURN,AI~ Nfi~
Plane Incident Stems
From Border Peeping,
Usual ' f or Both Sides
Craft Sought Weather Data,
Probably Taken for Spy,
Officials Say Privately
staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
WASHINGTON-The U.S. plane Premier
Khrushchev says his forces shot down over
Soviet territory is another casualty of the con-
stant practice-by East and West --of peeping
over borders for intelligence.
Officials of the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration stressed the plane was
on a strictly scientific mission to measure wind
currents and other weather patterns. But the
Air Force operates a number of similar planes
for entirely different purposes.
N.A.S.A. claims the plane carried mark-
ings of the, civilian space agency on its tail.
tut the plane bore- no Clear insignia that de-
noted it was an American aircraft. The
N.A.S.A. seal-hardly known in this country,
let alone hostile lands-was on the plane's tail
and measured about 20 inches in diameter. The
plane was painted a dark olue.
While N.A.S.A. was measuring weather with
its U-2 plane, the Air Force uses the same type
of Lockheed aircraft for measuring the amount
,of radioactive particles in the' atmosphere for
the Defense Atomic Support Agency; an arm,
of the Pentagon that handles military atomic
matters.
The Air Force constantly measures radio-
active particles in the atmosphere-an indica-
tor of nuclear bomb explosions by any country.
Reason for Civilian Pilots
That's the private appraisal of knowledge-
able officials here on the latest flare-up of the
cold war, even though they insist the par-
ticular plane involved was actually bent on
civilian weather research,
"Anyone sophisticated' in these matters,"
notes one. official who meets that description
himself, "realizes that reconnaissance and sur-
veillance near, enemy borders is as necessary
to military operations as expldsive powder is
to guns." Thus, it's believed, the .'U.S.S.R.
had no way of' telling exactly what a ppecial
plane, bearing no clear national markings and
equipped for high altitude. cruising, was doing.
The Reds, it's believed, assumed the plane
was snooping. The Russian boss, in an, angry speech to his
parliament,' clailned a, U.S. "military craft"
was shot down when it violated Soviet air
space, The State Department figures the Reds
probably shot down an unarmed research plane
with an unconscious civilian pilot.' A U-2 jet
research aircraft,which earlier had been re-
ported missing since a Sunday flight hi South-
east Turkey near Red territory, 10 the only
American plane officials say Russia could have
shot down.
The unarmed research plane is the twelfth
American aircraft lost in encounters with Rus-
sian or satellite forces during the last decade
of the cold war.' Flights From Both Sides
Russia, 'it's understood, has made intelli-.
gence-gathering flights in recent years over
Alaska, Germany, Japan, and several countries
j in the Mideast. The U.S.'likewise"has engaged
l in similar flights over. Red borders-though
officials stoutly deny it_in public. .
The official U.S. theory about the missing
weather research plane is that the pilot had a
failure in the oxygen equipment over..the rug-
ged mountainous area around Lake Van in
Southeast Turkey, not far from the borders of
Iran and Soviet Armenia. About an hour after
takeoff, the civilian pilot reported difficulties
with his oxygen equipment. the plane, it's be-
lieved, continued on automatic pilot and acci-
dentally wandered into Soviet air space.
But,N.A.S.A. officials insisted their missing
U-2 carried no, radiation-measuring instru.,
ments, no cameras for reconnaissance, and no
armaments. The civilian agency,, which has'
purchased 10 U'2 aircraft, had operated the
flying weather labs from bases in Turkey,
Pakistan, Japan, Okinawa and "the ,Philippines.;
The N.A.S.A. says it uses civilian pilots em-
ployed by Lockheed because it lacks airmen
of its own to run he upper atmosphere re-
search program.
In contrast, the Air Force uses U-2 planes'
for its atomic project, as well as training for
the Strategic Air Command and testing equip
ment for the Air Research and Development
Command.
Air officials asserted the service has never
used U-2 planes for photo reconnaissance of the.
Soviet Union. The plane, however, could carry,.
such equipment, and does carry one type of
photographic gear to check cloud cover for
N.A.S.A. weather research. Moreover, the' Air
Force maintained, it has never operated this
model plane outside the Western Hemisphere.
The eingle-engine jet, able to fly, !as high as
55,00d feet, usually carries only one man. Lock.
heed developed the plane as?a private venture,
but the Air Force soon became interested
enough: In it to provide technicians -to oversee
work on the U-2.,
-The U-2 flown by a Lockheed Aircraft Corp.
civilian pilot, is actually a flying laboratory
designed to operate afkPPCX eFCWtltRQlW se 2004/05/13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
than current fighter planes.
 WASHINGTON STAR NAY 6
Approved For Re ease AV05/13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
TALKING OF BUSINESS
In Space Effort in 11-Year Growth
ea
Atlantic Research Wins Big Hand
s o eve opment ton area's Important asseFs-
By WILLIAM MacDOUGALL by Atlantic Research include the investment funds of its res-
Star staff Writer rockets for weather research idents and the potential of its
The sandy-haired young man and forecasting; optics; in- industrial small businesses."
and his scholarly, graying as- stantly-forming plastic foam- Dr.. Scurlock, , president of
sociate had nervously surveyed which might be used someday the group, ip
ffice in for insulation; and a plastic the
their newly=acquired office'
promising Industries is intended tenended of
the Barr Building on that open_ seal for bottle caps. par-
titularly the research and de-
An important current
r
i
j
d
i
1949
t
p
o
ec
ng
ay
n
.
" i
is the development of a retard- velopment companies "which'
I doubt if we were as queasy is rocket engine-an eneinet we think have the greatest
as some who start a business," chance of development in this
Dr. Arch C. Scurlock recalle that might conceivably be used I area."
"We've never gone one dal to soften the landing of a I He said the organization
without one or more contract manned rocket. hopes to stimulate their growth
-but we were not always to~ To handle these and other by backing them with the $5
far ahead." programs, Atlantic Research million being raised through
From a two-man office boast has plants in six. locations: a public offering,
ing only a two-month sub-con headquarters; U. S, Flare Divi "We have the support of a
tract from the Navy, that fir sion, Saugus, Calif.; Desomatic'' lo, of the important business
-Atlantic Research Corp.-ha Products, Falls Church, Va.; A.: people," he. said.
made respectable strides In th M. Martin Manufacturing Co.,
last 11 years. With operation Saugus, Calif.; P1'ewitt Aircraft, U. S. Support to Continue
spread . from the Capital t Clifton Heights, Pa.; and Jan- In answer i to criticism that
California, the company now sky & Bailey, Washington. scientific flrnns are too depenc--
employs nearly 1,100 person ent on miltary whims and
with a monthly payroll of rnor Financing Is Problem Congressional caprice, he has
than $400,000. Seldom, however, Is growth a ready answer;
Sees Promising Future as explosive as that of ARC "The kind of work we are,
achieved without problems. Interested ini doing will con-
Sales of the firm were more "To some extend," Dr. Scur time to be supported by the
than $8 million in 1969--more lock admitted, "there is always Federal Government. Even, if
than 100 per cent greater than a problem with financing - there is no need for military
r
in , Scurlo president, be- particularly With a business Programs in he future, an in-
Dr. Pk; that'grows so fast." telligent Gov rnment will con-
lieves the future holds even It is some problem even tinue to rase the Nation's
greater promise, and, his asso- now," he added. "We have con technical and social develop
ciate, Dr. Arthur W. Sloan, ex- inept through research."
ecutive vice president and stantly had to find financial He insisted, however, that
interest
military preparedness will re=
chairman t board, agrees. The company recently found
? main a national necessity.
"The secret of of our success,
Dr. Scurlock declared in a re- one solution by offering it "I do not anticipate any I
cent, conversation, "is that we ~ stock to the public, softening. up 'Of. bur defenses,
have surrounded ourselves with "We raised $2.6 million las he observed. "It is something
good people who have taken a year through the sale of stock,' we have to do. I only hope that
lot of responsibility." Dr. Scurlock said. "Our sale the money we spend will, be
Atlantic Research, headquar- continued to climb, . and Jan useful to the public in many
i
tered since last summer in a
handsome, modern plant at
Shirley highway and Edsall
road,, Alexandria, has branched
Into many fields in it decade.
Role in Space Effort
The firm has contributed to
many of the Nation's space
refforts-including the Vanguard
satellite, the Pioneer moon
probe and the Atlas, Polaris
and Thor ballistic missiles.
Much work has centered about
research in solid fuel propel-
]ants-power sources that hurl,
the rockets outward into space.
"The work we have done in
solid propellants has been im-
portant to the whole military
rocket field in the United
States," Di . Scurlock said. "It
has had a lot to do+~t~i~j,
decision to power almo~ I id
,milltary rocket with solid pro-
sky & Bailey - a signif
can other ways as well.
acquirement - did $1.5-millior i
worth of business last year."-
. Partly as a result of its own
growing pains, Atlantic Re-
search has been active in
formation of a new group, the
Greater, Washington Industrial
Investments, Inc.
The company, according ` to
its own prospectus, was formed
,o unite ,two of the Washing-
N.Y. HERALD TRIDUNE
MAY 7 1960
Manned Rocket
Ship Successful
EDWARDS AIR FORCE
BASE, Calif., May 6 (UPI).--.
The X-15 manned rocket ship
flashed across the desert sky at
nearly 2,000 miles an hour to-
day in a demonstration wit-
nessed by a gathering of the
nation's space-aviation writers.
Air Force Maj. Robert White
sat at the controls of the stub-
winged space craft as it was
,carried aloft beneath the wing
of an eight-Jet E-52 bomber.
After reaching an aL,itude
near 45,10o feet, a final test of
controls and MaJ. White sig-
naled for the drop. He was
triggered loose and cut in his
16,000-pound thrust rocket en-
gines. The black dart shot up-
ward to 60,000 feet, did a couple
of rolls and turns before his
fuel burned out in the short
time of four minutes, then
glided to earth for a skid land-
ing at Rogers dry .lake.
 WABRJNOTON Release ase 2004/
1% C fDP90T00782R000100070001-6
areas that apparently involved
? no direct Russian responsibility. of the maJor
U ? S. Maintain $ 1' , i 4r u I e n c e The first cold
war incidents occurred in in April,
1950, when an unarmed Navy
On: Red Rocket Boasts patrol plane was shot down over
On Baltic Sea.
Another Navy patrol plane
.Sends Query Through Ambassador
On Downing of _American Plane
89 the Associated Pres*
an American plane was shot down over Russia. by a "re- In 1952 the Air Force lost,
inarkable rocket" was to keep the matter in official diplo-two reconnaissance planes over
niatic channels today, the Sea of Japan, apparently
04-.,4, nearer the Japanese Island of
disappeared over international
waters off Siberia after Soviet
planes fired on it in November,
1951,
there' would be no immediate statement on the speech to nonKraiuo titian. io tine moerian
the wildly cheering Supreme--._ ^ - -` coast.
Soviet in Moscow by Marshal' with his oxygen equipment duri In March and July, 1953, the
ing the Sunday flight. Air Force lost another recon-
Andrei A. Gireehko, naissance bomber over the Sea
Yesterday, when first word of Two Discrepancies of Japan and still another
the Russian downing of the; There were two discrepancies; plane of the same type was at-
plane came in a speech by involving the plane Mr. Khru- tacked by Russian fighters
Soviet Premier Khrushchev, shchev described and the missabout 25 miles front the coast
the United States withheld any ing NASA plane. of Kamchatka in the Northern
strong. protest While awaiting Mr. Khrushchev said thcPaciflc.
more information on. the in- plane crossed the Soviet border: In 1954 a Navy fighter was
cident. President Eisenhower at 5:36 a.m. Sunday. NASA damaged by Soviet marked
ordered a swift inquiry, but said its plane---.if it was the planes. The Navy lost another,
made no public comment, ong involved-did not take oft' patrol bomber some 40 miles
Mr. White said today-United from a field near Adana, Tur-:from the Siberian coast, and'
States. Ambassador Llewelyn key, until 8 a.m. 'Sunday. the Air Force reported the
Thompson had been instructed Mr., Khrushchev said identi41shooting down of a B-29 over
to ask for information. In Mos- flable marks on the plane had, Hokkaido.,
cow and "we'll wait for that" been painted out. NASA said Two Navy patrol aircraft
There Was no official identi- the missing U-2 plane was were lost in the Pacific in 1956.
fication of the craft reportedly A Neptune ' patrol,; bomber
painted blue with a two-foot
shot down. NASA seal on its tail, topped crash landed near St;,Lawrence
Flown by Virginian by a 12-inch wide band of Island on the; American side of
yellow, the United States-X ussian
However, indications. Pointed A NASA spokesman said the boundary' in the Bering Sea in
to' an American weather plane June A Navy Mercator
atrol
-p
reported 'missing since Sunday. Plane ' was unarmed and its craft was, shot down in the East
Its civilian pilot was identified cameras were not designed' for China Sea about : 160 miles
as Francis G. 'Powers, 30, of reconnaissance but fo1 taking
ound, .Va.{ a test pilot for the pictures of cloud cover,
Lockheed Aircraft Corp. He was NASA had announced on
born August' .17, 1929, at Monday that the craft was
Jenkins, Ky., and made his missing.
home at, Pound, where his, The State Department said
parents, Mr. and Mrs. Oliver W.' Mr. Thompson had been in-
Powers, live.. 13is wife Barbara structed to ask the Soviet gov-
Is a resident ? of 'Albany,. Ga., erument ' for full information
Mr, Powers was flying a high on the fate of the pilot. There
altitude weather research plane was no indication as to when
of the National Aeronautics and Mr. Thompson would make his
Space Administration, formal inquiry to the Soviet
The State Departzrient, while Foreign Ministry.
not stating that'this was the Twelfth Plane Lost.
Plane involved, said it was The Lockheed U-2 is capable
The
possible that the pilot blacked
because of a failure of the of extended flight at. altitudes
craft's oxygen equipment. It up to 55,000 feet and at speeds
said the plane might have ;up to about-500 miles an hour.
continued on automatic Pilot It has a 90-foot wing span and
and accidentally violated Soviet ' is 45 feet long.
air space. The NASA plane assumed to
NASA said yesterday Mr. have been shot down, is the
Powers' plane may be the one 12th American aircraft lost in
shot down by the Soviets, encounter$ with - Russian or
adding that the search for the satellite.- Drees during the lag,`
missing plane could be halted 10 years of the cold war..
if the Russians would- identify
the downed craft Additionally there Nava',} cell
, It a_ i filg~ el Fr*mlW lads /Oil/t#~$
Powers had reporte ft~ifd ~i Korean and Formosa Strain
north of Formosa.
Two Downed in ''Armenia
Two Air Force planes, both
in the transport category, were
shot down in, Soviet Armenia
not far from the Turkish bars
der in 1958, All,nine crew merrt-
bers of ,the first planes bailed
out and tan ecf eatel.y . in Tur-
key, Of the 7 `' iieil,aboard the
second plane, pnly six *ere ac-
counted fog ay the return of
their bodies by the ; Russians.
The Soviets . have, disclaimed
knowledge. about the fate of
the others.
In 1958, two -Air Force recon-
naissance bombers were fired
on in November, one over the
Baltic and one, over the Sea of
Japan. Both planes survived
the attacks
The last known incident prior
to the' -one reported yesterday
by ? Mr., Khrushchev ? was the
attack by Soviet-type jet fight-
ers , on a Nav atrol lane over
ccraft fdPOAaROQfla,
turned'to its base.in`:Japan. .
 Re~ea1g66004/05/13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
AS USUAL, when they thi it to their
advantage, the Soviets e trying to
build into a major expl ion what at
most could have been. n inadvertent
incident.
We know from exlrience that if one
of our planes gets close to the touchy,
trigger-happy Soviets it risks being at-
tacked. If missions near Soviet borders
are necessary, this is a chance that has
to be taken.
But there is no reason to doubt the
report of the National Aeronautics and
Space Agency that,the craft the Rus-
sians say they shot down was a peaceful
plane, engaged in weather research, or
that the pilot was in oxygen trouble and
may have drifted accidentally and help-
lessly over or near Russian territory,
There was no justification-for shoot-
ing it down.
.A n d t h e r e is even less cause for
Krushchev's tirade before the Supreme
Soviet. Ile didn't first seek an ex-
planation - obviously because an ex-
Khrushchev's ranting performance
shot down an American plane (appar-
ently unarmed) in Soviet territory,
and screams about such U.S. acts of
banditry and aggression; if any more
American "bombers" come over he
warns that the Soviets will retaliate
with rockets. He heaps abuse on the
President and Vice President of the
United States, charging in effect that
Mr. Eisenhower is a prisoner of Ameri-
before the Supreme Soviet yesterday
can probably be summed up under the
heading "pre-summit tactics."
He apparently thinks he can
strengthen his bargaining hand at the
Paris meeting by talking as tough as
possible. At the same time he is tell-
ing the Soviet peoples in advance that
the blame for any failure at Paris will
rest squarely on the West.
Still, even allowing for tactics,
Khrushchev's threats'and insults make
grim reading. He says the Russians
wouldn't blame, Mr. Eisenhower if he
said nuts to attending the summit con-
ference; in other times diplomatic rela-
tions would be broken for far less. ' But
even if the President feels too com
mitted to refuse io go at this late,date,
Khrushchev's rampage ought to make
a good many people in this and other
allied nations sit up and take notice.
Of late there has been developing a
misty "liberal" 'sentiment in. the West
that even though the Soviets have done
bad things,. we haven't been " so good
either. Both sides, in this naive view,
,are about equally responsiblefor the
cold war, even though the naked rec-
ord shows it to he strictly a Kremlin
invention. Anyway, so this 'sticky
theory goes, we no longer have any
choice but to be sweet to the Soviets.
Well, Khrushchev is again showing
just how "simple" it is. to get along
with him. If his. harangue helps to
squelch false hopes about the summit
and put Soviet intentions in clearer
can warmongers. t perspective, he will have after all per-
After tl is ouiralgeous outbu s we formed a service for the West.
Approve or a ease 2004/05 13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
planation would have made no differ-
ence. Here was a fat chance to holler
"aggression" at the United States and,
whatever his immediate tactical pur-
pose, he couldn't resist it.
If, as Khrushchev shouts, this means
"little hope" for the upcoming Summit
conference, it is only because Khru-
shchev wants it that way, and not be-
cause an unarmed, single-man research.
plane wandered into the neighborhood
of the vast Soviet territory. If Khru-
shohev wants to ` do business at the
summit, a minor incident like this won't
get in his way.
Iii this case, as usual, Khrushchev
fired from the hip, just as his war plane
did. It's his rule.
Our State Department, with contrast-
ingly sane restraint, merely sent an.
inquiry to Moscow asking for facts-,
especial:ly as to the fate of the civilian
pilok. Jake Malik,- the deputy USSR
foreign minister, says they have the
case "well documented." If so, let's
Have It.
WAtr' STREET JOURNAL MAT 'b'
Khrushelitev on the Rampage
q'
 Approved Fnr Release 2004/05/13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
. 'NTSVILLE TIMES MAY 6 IM
Mr. 1it~81~I'0 001
Francis OOhmer said that he
a>i*_his wife had spotted the_
satellite through a break in
clouds while they were on duty
as part of the national chain
of moon-watchers.
Mrs. Ohmer reported to Smith-
sonian that he could not be
sure whether. the flying object
was the "space ship" or the
rocket that put it into orbit. .
Mr. Ohmer said the object
was of the -second magnitude
or about the- brightness of a
star in the Big Dipper. He re-
ported it as between 200' and
225 miles high.
The national space surveil-,
lance control center at Bedford,i
Mass., just outside Boston, said;
that residents of every majors
city in the United States even-1
tually would be able to. see the
"space ship" and its . carries
rocket with the unaided eye.
A spokesman for the center,
operated by . the Air Research
and Development , Command,
;s aid the sa'tellite., was traveling
at a maximum.height (apogee)
of 226.7 miles. and a minimum
height (perigee) of 188.5 miles.
It was measured as circling
the globe in?0:25 minutes.
The, carrier rocket, which
brought the -."space ship" into
orbit, , is, circling' the globe in
91.8 minutes on an apogee of
226, miles and a perigee of 186
miles,, the spokesman added.
Its radio transmissions can
be picked up at 19.995 mega-
cycles.
The figures for the pedigree
and apogee, as calculated by
scientists in the United States,
differed from those 'announced
earlier, in. Moscow.. These fig-
ures.' were 195 miles . for the
clobest 'approacch to.the earth,
pnd . 2,30 ;miles for the farthest.
The disparity was apparently
caused by calculations taken at
different times.
The, control center spokesman
at Hanscom Air Farce Base
said it'would require a "couple
days" to figure the vehicle's
timetable =- when it will be
traveling, .over the various
cities.
The Radio Corporation' of
America's monitoring station
on eastern Long Island, and an
ling up the satellite's radio
signal.
ice. described the radio signal
as a series of quavering "beeps"
or 'dashes. -
qM Q04A 6ihe- aeries of longg.
 WASHINGTON roved For Release 200 `` 1 s. CI1 "9t0V782 Difi000;A0 @e!-6
space or peaceful purposes, as it has in freedom
MAY 16 1960 of the seas. Fortunately, the Chicago convention,
Space-4'e Perspective which was ratified in 1946, now regulates the rights
ivi
r% c1' ft
h
The Soviet Union's new space ship, with Its
pressurized cabin and dummy astronaut, adds to
.the air of strange unreality about the furor over
the American spy plane. This successful scientific
feat, timed to impress the world on the eve of the
summit conference, was specifically designed to
prepare the way for putting men into space. One
reason for doing so will be to observe what is
taking place in all parts of the earth. Indeed the
globe'circling American Tiros I has already demon
strated the possibility of, photographing the earth
from satellites carrying no human passengers. Yet
the Soviet Government has been behaving as if
its continued existence depended upon keeping
the space above its territory closed to observers
from other parts Of the world.
There is some difference, of course, between a
high-flying airplane and a space vehicle. The plane
must keep within the air space, and the satellite
sent up with rocket thrust operates in what is
known as outer space. When planes fly so high as
to be neither seen nor heard in ordinary circum-
stances, however, the difference seems to be one
of degree. rather than kind.
It had been widely predicted that the Soviet
Union would attempt another spectacular feat in
outer space as a preliminary to the summit con-
ference. Suppose it had, sent aloft an espionage
satellite, with or without human passengers, capable
of photographing military. installations In' every
country! The achievement would have been gen-
erally regarded as a great scientific coup, and-the
Moscow propaganda machine would have almost
burst its seams proclaiming the glories of Con}-
munist progress.
Well, the sputnik makers are not yet ready for
precisely, that kind of, venture, .but it is certain. to
come.. Both.. the. United States and the Soviet Union
will have intelligence-gathering satellites spying
upon everything that is not concealed underground,,
In the absence' of agreement to prevent space travel
and space photography, which is highly improbable,,
every country will have to adjust itself to living in'
a goldfish bowl.
The Administration also seemed to lose space-
.,age perspective in dealing with the incident.
With an intelligence-gathering satellite already in
use and, vast improvements in process, it was not
necessary to imply that the United States would
-:'continue to send planes into the Soviet's air space
-for this purpose. For a number of other reasons,
.;.page device. Fortunately, these aspects of the situa
tion now seem to be getting recognition from the
.American delegation in Paris.
The big question of the future, then, is not
an aircra in t
e air space above 74 coun-
tries, although the Soviet Union and a few other
Communist-bloc states are not included.
What may be really troubling Mr. Khrushchev is
that he now sees the doom of his closed system,
either through negotiations on the control of outer
space or the lack of them. If this is the case, it is
not surprising that the American exploits in the
upper layers of inner space should have caused an
ingry explosion.
1>whether planes will co t'n, a rapidl both in h g g~Aqw is now
~; o(e h&8% 51004/05/13 : C~i~Ot~QO I, ,lprrJ$3(t'he~rVSovgiet nor
suspected of hostile in a Bu w at steps wi e
.taken to regulate the use of outer space. The free American scientists have solved the very difficult
NEW YORK TIMES
JUl^ my in
`.Space
MAY 1 6 1960
the obviously propagandistic uses to Which the
latest Soviet sputnik is being put makes particu-
larly important a sober technological assessment
of this feat. Such an assessment makes it imme'-
diately clear that the Soviet Union Is still a
considerable way ,front achievement of manned
flight in outer space. Whatever gahis in informa-
tion and experience accrue from this latest showy
demonstration, Soviet scientists, like our own,-
still have a great: deal of work ahead of, then,
Looking at the positive aspects first, it is clear
that the chief features of this new sputnik are.its.
great weight and its roughly circular ,orbit. The
first feature attests to the very great power of
t1iU Soviet rockets employed, and simply confirms'
once again that Soviet space rockets are more,
powerful than ours. The circular orbit 'also testi-
fies again to the '.accuracy of Soviet g'uidance'
systems, accuracy demonstrated, even more viv
idly by the two successful moonshots before and after the Khrushchev visit here last year.
,The essential problem .involved. in manned'
space flight, of course, Is getting the human.being
back from space to earth safely. The dummy In
t? new sputnik can be allowed to burn op. in the
atmosphere, but there would be little propaganda
advantage in having that fate befall. a Soviet citi-
zen.. Thus the possibility is still not excluded that
qpe of our Project Mercury pilots may yet be the
first nian to,orbit about the earth successfully
ah'd return safely. ? The race, in short, is still-very
nitich in doubt.
One possibility that should not be overlooked
Is that the latest sputnik has other functions
besides those announced yesterday morning. The
immense weight of this vehicle, its relatively low
orbit above the earth, and the path chosen for its
flight around this planet all combine to raise the
possibility that there may be cameras and picture
transmission devices on board.
It is useful for us to be reminded of the extent
and the limitations of Soviet space capabilities' '
P6 reminder will be most salutary if it stimu-
lates us to improve our own capabilities more
 N.Y. HERALAp, -RKWor Release 2004/05/13 : CIA- P90T00782R0001 0 0070001-6
WAY' 14 1960 N.Y. HERALD TRIBUNE MAY 14 1960
Herter In
]Paris, Faces
NATO Split
Plane Incident
Upsetting Allies
By Don Cook
From the Herald Tribune bureau
PARIS, May 13.--Secretary of
State Christian A. Herter ar-
rived here today to -face. the
disheartening problem of re-
storing American alliances in
mounting disarray over the spy
plane incident on the eve 'of tie
East-West summit. conference.
The `Soviet rocket which the
Russians say brought down
Francis Gary` Powers and his
high=altitude reconnaisance U-2
over Sverdlovsk on a: flight bd~
twccn Pakistan and Norway has
had an equally shattering effect
on the eve-of-the-summit unity.
of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 'Which was'
sd
optimistically . and forcefully
proclaimed in Istanbul, barely a
Seek a Position J,
Instead of arriving In Paris'
with the confidence :which the'
backing of a. unified alliance;
brings, Mr. .Ilerter and Presi ,i
dent Eisenhower, who Will ar-
rive here Sunday. morning, must!
now spend ; their crucial pre-,
summit hours trying to And a
position on' the spy Plane affair
which the United Stater allies
can support.'
The reCord of disarray' in.
cludes a protest note from Nor
way to the United States over
the plane incident; and a state-
ment by Pakistan's -President
Mohammed Ayub Khan on a
possible protest by his country,
At athens, the. Greek opposi-
tion Liberal party demanded
that the Greek government, in-
creasingly under fire from Mos
cow, should clearly 'define It
control over American activities
on Greek soil and prevent use
of the country for espionage
flights. In Tokyo, a similar de .
mand from the opposition was
coupled with a call for with-
drawal of. all American U-2
reconnaissance planes from
Japan.
In this situation, it' is hardly
unexpected that the Soviet gov-
ernment has sent notes to Tur-
key, Pakistan and Norway pro-
testing the use of bases in those
countries for American aircraft
flying over the Soviet Union.
U. S. Commitment
The difficulty which now
faces Secretary Herter and Mr,
Eisenhower is the public Amer-
ican commitment from Wash-
ington, to continue these flights.
The situation is therefore wide
open,for Soviet Premier Nikita
S. Khrushchev to begin the
summit conference on .Monday
with a flat demand that the
United States halt Its "spy
flights" as a precondition of
any discussion of the "detente"
(relaxation of tension) which
was supposed to have been the
summit objective on both sides.
In Istanbul last week, the
NATO countries agreed unani-
mously that "detente" was a'
weloeme objective in the world...
At the same time, NATO reaf-
firmed Its stand on the basic
questions of the Western Allies'
presence In Berliki, the condi-
tions which are acceptable for
disarmament and the atmos-
phere of true'relaxation of ten-
sion between East and West.
But Mr. Khrushchev, now
holds a very large card which
nobody in. Istanbul .knew was
about to be dealt him. If the
United States holds to the posi-
tion taken in Washington that
espionage flights are justified
in the interests of defense and
must be continued, then the
North Atlantic alliance, so uni-
fied a week ago, faces a very
grave crisis.
Code o[ Behavloor
To Complicate the diplomatic
problem facing Mr. Herter and
President Eisenhower, the Brit
ish have now brought out their
-"good conduct" plan, -for a code
of behavior.,to govern East-
West relations. Without doubt,
if it includes "no aerial recon
nalssance" it may suit Mr.
Khrushchev very well. But
whatever its terms, It is, one
more piece of evidence of the
grave and complicated crisis
within the alliance which the
Americans must resolve before
they face the Russians.
The Western four-power
working party which has. been
dealing with the German prob-
lem met this afternoon. Tomor-
Approvec'~AW-WIna or3'
eign Ministers will meet at the
French Foreign ministry,
'London Worker';
Reports Rocket
Blast Got U?2
LONDOI May 13 (AP):-
!"The London Daily Worker" to-
day said American Pilot Francis
Powers-downed over Soviet
.territory may 1-.-survived be-'
cause a Russian rocket ex
ploded beneath the tail of his
Jet Plane,
The Jet engine of the Lock-
heed U-2 that Mr, Powers was
;flying thus shielded him from
(the full blast of the explosion,
!'the British communist party
;.paper said in a dispatch from.
Moscow.
When the rocket' exploded;
I"The Daily Worker" $aid, Mr.
Powers was flung forward tin-
der his instrument panel.
"This, together with ' the re=
Suiting deformation of the fuse.
lase, made it impossible for
;'him to use, his ejector seat,'.
the account! continued
As his plane plunged earth
ward after being struck at an
'ltitude of 68,000 feet, Power*
'-'fought for his life, struggling to
"extricate himself. Only after the,
.
plane had. fallen some 27,000
feet did he succeed in freeing
! himself, forcing open his cock
Tit cover and bailing out," the
newspaper said;
.Y: Tgc MAY 4
..O-Story Balloon
Disappear After
,Orbit Attempt
, i
,From the fi'eraid Tribune Brlr$tita,
,~ WASIUNUTON, May 13 --
Something want wrong ; early
chit;?morning with the second
etage of the Thor-Delta. rocket
at Cape Canaveral, Fla., and it
apparently failed to 'place a
test-ttory radio-reflecting. bs1-
loon.into orbit.
Yet United states : solenti$ts
say .there was a slim, outside
c1'iar}ce. the' 100-foot diameter
plastic globe might. have gone
into a loop, around the ,earth
other : than the one planned at
1,000 miles up.
But not since the first half-
hour' of flight have listening
stations picked up a single beep
from the third- stage which
was equipped with a radio bea-
seleo-
pang
a eon in o or it.
 N.Y. HERALD RIBUN
MAY j 4 4-ovedFor Release 2004/05/13
,,S.:May Offer Russia
ANew Inspection P1
an
To Guard .Again.st Surprise Atl.ack;
Milder Thai Open Skies System
By B. J. Cutler,
From the Herald Tribune Bureau
PARIS,, May t3,-= =Tile United
States Is urgently considering
offering the-Soviet Union anew
plan to. guard against surprise
attack and "war by.miscalcula-,
tion."
If 'approval cah be obtained
from tile major allies-- -Britain,
France and West Germany-it
is' Intended that. President,
113senhower will put the pro-
posal to Premier', Nikita 13.
Khrushchev during the summit
conference,
A final decision on whether
a ground-aaid-air inspection
system will be proposed is ex
petted to be reached when Mr.
lElsenhowcr, Irrime Minister
Macmillan, President Charles
de Gaulle and Chancellor Kon-
rad Adenauerineet Sunday forI
last-minute summit prepara-
Lions,
United States officials hope
that the plan can survive this{
final review And be presented,
for it Is reportedly the.only _rlew
proposal. they have for the sum-
mit. The positions .on Germany,
Berlin and., disarmament are;
essentially unchanged and
have: previously .b'een' blistered
by. the Russians
Moreover; a. method of re-
clueing ast West suspicion and
the : risk, .of Budd rr ,war fs.
lieved to be more necessary
than before because of the
sharp increase in hostility' and
tension from the May 1 .spy-'
plane case.
While its details are still.
closely . guarded, the plan ~ Is
known to be less sweeping than
Mr. Eisenhower's "open skies"
proposal, at the 1955 Geneva
summit conference, which would
have opened up all of the
United States and the Soviet
Union to reciprocal aerial .in-
spection,
'The Soviet Union rejerteci'
that offer. The current plan
is thought to have a better
chance of success in that it Is
more modest to start with and
would subject only a small part
of Soviet territory to insuec-1
Working parties of allied
diplomats have been studying
the anti-surprise attack pro-
posal. It came lip through
(American Initiative and the
United States Is pushing to get
it on the summit bargaining
table.
So far, the exact area that
would be covered by aerial In-
spection, ground control posts,
and mobile inspection teams
has not been finally worked
out. As. late as today, allied
diplomats and military experts 1
were pouring over maps,
A late version of the proposal
calls for inspection in Europe
from the Atlantic to theDnieper
i
River, which would Include
about 150 miles of the western-
most: parts of the Soviet Union.
In view of the sudden con-
cern over the Middle East-it
being. alleged that the U-2 spy
plane took off from Pakistan-
consideration is being given to
adding both Communist and
non-Communist area, in that
region to the inspection ' net-
work.
Advantages Cited
Backers of the proposal feel
that it would significantly re-'
duce the chances of war, espe-
cially war by accident or mis-
calculation.. When Inspection
has assured one side that the
other is not massing for attack,
It is less likely to react to a
border Incident, probing opera-
tion, or intruding aircraft with
a, heavy blow that would mean
all-out nuclear war.
The present plan grew' out of
a proposal made by Gen. Lauris
Norstad, Supreme Allied Com-
mander in Europe, three years
ago. He thought that an Inspec-
tion system against surprise at-
tack could profitably be estab-
lished to cover all of Germany,
Poland and Czechoslovakia.
This did not gain the ap-
proval of France and West
Germany. They objected that
it would be discriminatory
against West Germany, which
would be the only member of
the North Atlantic Treaty or-
ganization to undergo Inspec-
tion'. Subsequently, the plan
was broadened to include most
of Western Europe, most of the
Communist satellites in Eastern
Europe, and a slice of the So-,
viet Union.
Do Gaulle Has Plan
The proposal, its proponents
say, could open the way to im-
portant progress in disarma-
ment since It would establish
the principle of inspection and
control of agreements.
No one expects Mr. Khrush-
chev to accept the proposal, if
it is actually put to him at the
summitr, The best that Is hoped
for it that it will be submitted
by the Big Four to a special
conference of experts or to the
ten-powers disarmament con..
ference at Geneva.
Regardless of what Mr.
Eisenhower proposes along the
surprise attack line, Gen. de
Gaulle is, ready to submit his
own proposal for inspectiorl of
the "vehicles" of mass destruc-
tion-bomb satellites,
long-range missil'es,' heavy
bombers, and naval and air
bases.
The French conteild that Mr.
KGrushchev expressed, interest
In the idea when It was out-
lined by Gen. de Gaulle to him
during his recent visit. toy
France.
t S$INGTON POST
MAY 14 1960
Titan Missile
Fired 5000 Miles
CAPE CANAVERAL, 'la,,
!May 1' (UPI)-The Air. Force.
successfully fired Its Titan in.
tereontincntal ballistic missile'
5000 miles today into an elee-
trtnie "splash net" in thef
South Atlantic. . '
The Air Force 'announced
officially that the missile
"achieved its major test ob-
jectives"-' accuracy and per.
formance - of a new nose cone,-
N.Y. HERALD TRI.BUNI;
MAY 14 1960
35,OOO.L1 '+Chrite Drop
EL CENTRO, Calif., May 13
(UPI).--The Air Force yester-
day claimed a new world heavy
equipment parachute jump rec-
ord with a drop of 35,000 pounds
of scrap metal from 5,000 feet
at the desert test center here,
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 Approved For Release 2004/05/13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
WASHINGTON P08T MAY 14 1960
Visit Here Called Off
By Russian Air Chief
Aeeoefetea Press ganda gains, would stop short
The Soviet Union yesterday of this.
uddenly called of a goodwill The Soviet marshal's mess-
visit here by its air force chief
in another slap at the United
States,for sending spy planes
over Soviet territory.
The newest Kremlin move,
on the eve of President Eisen-
bower's departure for the sum-
mit conference in Paris, deep-
ened, the gloom abotlt pros-
pects for easing East-West
tension,
Top Administration officials
refused, however, to view it as
4 sign that Mr. Eisenhower
would have to cancel his trip
jto the Soviet Union or that
the East-West parley. in Parisi
;would turn Into a propaganda
icircus:
Mr. Eisenhower . canceled 11
,farewell statement he had
planned to make to the Nation!
Just, before leaving for the
Paris conference this evening.
The White House said he had
just changed his mind,
The' Soviet Chief Air Mar-
shal, K. A. Vershinin, said in
a polite letter that he was post-.
poning his V. S. trip, due to
begin, today, because "at the
present time unfavorable cir-
cumstances have been ere
ated. Vershinin, writing
to ' Air ,Force' Chief of Staff
Gen,- Thomas D. White did
not directly mention the spy
flights, but said he has recon-
sidered his tour. "In' connee+
tion with, the recent . events
known to you."
Verchinin, along with nine
top aides, was to have toured
Air Force bases and research
centers as White's guest. His
visit was an exchange for one
age, dated Thursday said:
"Dear General:
"As you know, In my letter
of April 29 this year I ac-
cepted with thanks your invi-
tation to visit the United
States as a guest of the U. S.
Air Force,
"In connection with recent
events known to you, I have
considered it necessary to re-
consider the question of my
journey to the United States
and would like to state frank-
ly my reasons therefore.
"I think you will agree with
me that, at the present time,
ti n f a v o r. able circumstances
have been created for the suc-
cessful accomplishing of the
purposes envisaged In the ex-
change of visits of this kind.
"In this atmosphere it Is 'my i
opinion that it would be more f
appropriate to postpone myl
visit to the United States until i
a more suitable time.
"I hope, my dear General,
you will correctly understand !
the motives which guide me in
writing this letter to you.
"Respectifully,
"K. A. Vershinin
"Chief Marshal of Aviation,"
The Senate gave assurances'
to Mr. Eisenhower, that the
country Is united. behind him.
They were touched off _by .the
majority leader, Sen. Lyndon
B. Johnson (D-Tex.).
"We can. not permit our
country to be divided either
15y the clever use made by
Nikita Khrushchev of the U-2
made by Gen. Nathan F, Twin-
ing in 1956.
Postponement of his trip
was taken by some to indicate
that Khrushchev would dug-
Best that Mr; Eisenhower post
pone . his sehdeuled 10-day
good-will tour, which is ached-
uled to. begin June 10.
But two high-ranking Ad- "
ministration authorities dis-
incident or by Internal ha-
treds of race, creed, color,
section or personality," John-
Republican Leader Everett
M. Dirksen of Illinois told the
Senate Johnson deserved: the
thanks of the country- for his
statement.
"I think it will give :,.the
President . great ., heart," Dirk-
agreed with this estimate,, sen said.
They speculated that A ved-For. Release 2OQ4/05/1
3 :
shchev, having squeezed fhe
i
,RA*'3I1INGTON POST F!d;f"9"
iIei'ter Lands xn Paris,
Khrushehev Due ..Toda
Reuters
PARIS, May 13-A tight-lipped Christian A., Herter
flew in from Washington today for the East-West Sum-
mit talks beginning Monday, under ' the shadow of the
ill-fated American spy=plane sortie over the Soviet
The. Secretary of State,
lambasted ' by the ~ Kremlin
over the Incident,'had nothing
to say to questioning. report-
ers as he left President Eisen.
bower's personal super-Con-
stellation Columbine and was
whisked off to the American
Embassy residence.
. Soviet, Premier Nikita S
Khrushchev.rated "one up"
diplomatically by many as. a
result of the plane incident.
Is due here Saturday, morn.
ing.
Mr. Eisenhower and British
Prime Minister Harold Mac-
millan will fly in Sunday1 Meanwhile, French sources
morping.
Advantage to Soviet',Seen
Reports from Moscow said
diplomats there felt, that
Khrushchev would come to
Paris with a tremendous psy-
chological advantage stem-
ming from the espionage
flight.
They said the Russian} lead-
er's position at the ? table had
een strengthened by the So.
viet "shooting down" of the
partment. This assertedly was
made plain by the State De
partment's contradictory state-
ments, of which Khrushchev
took"full advantage.
However, the basic ? summit
position' of East and West ap-,
patently remained unchanged.!
While disarmament has'
been 'pushed'a little ;further
into the foreground by the
lane incident, Khrushchev
has said he does not believe!
,the American U-2 jet's mission
as a fit subject for summit de-
'said'the host summit partici-
pant, President 'Charles de
Gaulle, will meet with Khru>
shchev Sunday, morning a few
hours before de Gaulle, Mr.
Eisenhower a n d Macmillan
have an an eve-of-summit tac-
tics huddle.
--West German Chancellor
plane and the subsequent em- % -Off &
barrassment of Herter's de- P Bye
CIA=RDP90Td0782R000100070001-6
 FROM 4i ved F Release 2004/05/13: CI RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
WASHINGTON POST MAY 14 1900
Herter Lands, 1j. Due
To Reach Paris Today
Konrad.. Adenauer flier in 'al-
urday.and will see de Gaulle.
Adenauer also will sit in. on
Some of Sunclay'a Big-Three
talks at the Blysee Palace, the
French "White House" and
scene of the summit sessions
themselves.
','Mr. Eisenhower, K h r u.
ehhev and Mac.mi'iian will
stay at,tlieir respective Einbas-
sler and will get 1.4 motorcycle
:police escorts for trips back
and forth.
Some 6000 uniformed and
plainclothes policemen, about
a third of the capitals' force,
have been mobilized for secur-
ity duties. .
Meanwhile, Herter prepared
Jomeet with the other West-
ern 10oreign Albitstelra Satur-
day afternoon to prepare for
the beginning of the talks
Monday morning.
During the sessions only in-
terpreters will, be present with
Mr. Eisenhower and the, other
chiefs of state, although the
Foreign MYlintstcrs may, be
called in later.
i.denauer Says:Sovieot
Piilk'y Ciumge 14 Vital
]FBONN, May 13 (AP)-Clian-
cellor. Konrad :Adenauer to-
night !blamed the Russians for
stirring up world' tensions find
said it is up to Moscow to re-
lax them.
The West Germa~n leader
spoke in a television address
on-the eve of his departure' for
consultations with Western
leaders in Parts. He''will' not
alt In at the . summit, but his lenns in:' the West.
Approved For Release 2004/05/13 :
voice in Western policy will
be hoard.
"The tension in the world
is a consequence of Soviet
policy, against which the other
powers must take counter-
measures for their own secur-i
ity," he said. "It will be com
pletely impossible to bring
about relaxations of interna-11
tional tension if the Soviet
Union is not prepared tol
change its policy."
Ad?nauer said there is n.ol
question of normal Germ?an-
Soviet relations as long as the
Soviet Union denies Germans
the right of self-determination
in a free pleb ocite.
He said'. a is no reason
for the We ` h allies to sur-
retder airy t ?ghts in Berlin.
The West cad bargain on Ber-
lin only if 'settlement of the
whole,'. question of divided
Germany is reached on a basis
of free self-determination, he
added,
"Unless something complete
ly surprising happens, the
summit conference will bring
no progress In the solution of
the German question," Ade-
nauer said. "We must much
more be intent on preserving
what has already been
achieved,"
Adenauer warned that dur-
lag:; the summit 'conference
Communist propaganda will
be going full blast to picture
his government as a threat'to
peace through reviving Ger-
man militarism.
Germany;, Fgently wants a
peaceful settlement of all dif-
diculties, lie added, and has
settled difficult frontier prob-!
Lrhmge in Note
Blasts Reds For
Threat to Norse.
OSLO, May n (UPI)
Norway protested today to
the United States against
what it called the "estab-
lished fact" that an Am.eri
can spy plane planned., to
land at a Norwegian base
after flying across Russia.
Pakistan, where the flight
is reported to have originated,
was considering' a similar, pr'o-
te'st,
Norwegian Foreign Minister
Halvard M. Lange called in
U. S. Ambassador'Frances% E.'
Willis today to deliver thepro-
test and to demand that there
be no repetition of the i.nel-
dent. At the same time he re.
buked Russia. for it a threats
,to Norway,'
In`?London~ Pakistani l4esi?
dent - .Mohairimed Ayub Khan
said his country . was studying
reports that an American U-t
reconnaissance plane ,took off
from Peshawar for -',theflush,
Sian flight and said tf the re
port was trine. he'; would- take
,steps 'to see it did ' not happeh'.
again:
Soviet - premier :: likita ' `S,
Khrushchev threatened t'
"oblite'r`a;te," ? Americin bases
in Norway, Pakistani and Tut.
key Where the .?t pril ~7-May I
flight; originated` should "there
be _ a'. r?,epetition of the spy
Incident;
'Americans our. Friends'
Khan, who was in. London
to attend the eoitimnwealth
conf rence, 'said' "the 'Amen.-
cans - are out ; frr"iends" -' slid
their` "planes Vcome and visit.
our territory,"hut "we are not
a party to an3ithing like this.
How can we know - that : such
and such planes are` designed
for. such. and' such purpose?"
As' for the Russian threats;
he said, "We are notgging to
be frightened by those threats
in a hurry." He, concluded: -
-h d4AAA
 FROM .Piterovedr Release 2004/05/13 : CIA-RD90T00782R000100070001-6
Norway Protests to U. S?
Over Flight o Spy Plane
protest to "the United States "On the Russian' reaction to
th
fli
ht
"
Government.
Eange *ent before Parlia-
mept today to announce the
protest, the . first Norwegian
diplomatic action against the
United States since it Joined
NATO over :Russian protests
g
e
over the Soviet Un-
ion I would like to add from
t rostrum that we can very
wel understand that the So-
viet Government is furious
over the incident. But I must
from this rostrum protest
'oliovviiig is the to ct , of his 114 Vi have en 1n this connec
~ ~nient~ , ; tion habeen made from te.
icf a mentioned shortly in trty tthe Soviet political quatrters in
he Union ,"
tefnen to th
N
ti
t A
s a
e
a
ona
sp
The most emphatic threat
no bly l onday, May the 9th, ' was made by Khrushehev per.
Allied: panes have oat some tonally at h ' iiplonmatic recep-'
occasions, after being given lion in Moscow last week
i~eitltmission; landed in ' 13odoe
when he called aside the Am
-
or reconnaissance flights ' in bas
do
f P
sa
rs o
akistan Nor
,a
Ithe Arctic sea. It has, from way and Turkey, accused them
the Norwegian side, been 6' of being American "accom-
gattdition for these flights that places" and threatened rocket
Jolts , planes should not violate, retaliation.
othwr states' air territory or Khrulshchev insisted through-
lik'.n,ear foreign states' tetra--. out the flight originated it1
t rY . Adana, Turkey, that the plane
As a member of the mutual
efens!pus eb sys that tem we (NATO) it is, e , to Peshawar in Pakistan
take part in
aissance activity in in- and took off for a flight across
eGdftn
.
i
Russia to- the Bodge, arfield.
arnational areas and along . _ ,.
irondition that such activity`
shall not violate the borders
of,, the nations.
"Since I made the statement
yin the National Assembly
-has . been established that the
American plane of ; the type
lockhded U-2, which accord:
was abet down over the Soviet:
Unfol ,on May the First; Ac-
cording to schedule should
have proceeded to Bodoe.
"Today. I called the United
States` Ambassador to the.For-
eign Minister and protested on
behalf ' of 'the Government
agai.nst;the planned landing In
Bodoe,? At- the samb time I de,
nianded. that all necessary
steps 'must be taken from the
American ,side to avoid that
similar'. jandings . are`, planned
'n the future,
staunch , ally of the United
'States and the North Atlantic
pact' in the face of a series of
differences with Russia which j
started in early ; 1947 When
Russia ' asked and Norway re;
fused a request for bases on
the -far northern island of
$Pitsbergen.
Norway has rejected -NATO
requests. that NATO bases and
American rocket bases be es-
tablished on , its territory but
has stood up to Russia through-
out. In early 1956, for example,
the Norwelgian Navy seized
Russian trawlers inside the
four-mile limit'ancl chased off
50 'others.
In 1956 when Iceland de-
manded . the withdrawal of
U. S. bases, there Norway said
.the bases were essetial to Nos'.
Way's safety. And in July, 1959,
Khrushchev called off a trip
to Scandinavia because of the
"anti-Soviet feeling" there. I
WASHINGTON POST
MAY 14 196U
'Peking Charges
lU. S. Plane Flight
Resters
PEKING, May 13-The Gov
ernment charged a United
States naval patrol plane toj
day intruded over Communist
Chinese territory for the, sec-
ond time in three days. ,
A writen statement Issued
by the Foreign Ministry -here
said, the plane' flew over
Iisisha (Paracel) Islands In the
South China Sea between thq
Philippines and Viet Nam. .
The statement said a similar
plane flew over thee same .area
last Wediiesday It rejected
d
U. S. State Department ,claim
that the islands do not belong
to Communist China:,
Today's intrusion, the
spokeman ? said, followed "im
mediately after the Minftr3t
of Foreign Affairs of the Peo?'
ple's Republic of. China Issued
on May Il i its 95th serious
warning against the. intrusion
of aU. S, naval patrol 'air
plane into China's 'air space
over Yunghsing island in the
Hsisha Islands, Kwangtung
province." -
The ministry said this how
action was ",a naked demon,
striation that, U. S. imperial=
Ism continues to hohostile to
the Chinese people and is bent,
on aggravating tension.In.the
Far East."
The Chinese people in~uat~
heighten their vigilance 10tt
times and together with . - the
peace loving ~ ,people - of the'
whole world flrml~ oppose`
such military provocations: by
United States imperialism,"
the Ministry added.
Approved For Release 2004/05/13 : CIA-RI 90T00782R000100070001-6
 FROM p.ir
vor Release 2004/0
']F'or it has been evident over a period of weeks
that the ' Soviet position .1n respect,' of the summit
hag:, been hardening; Mr. Khrushchev,'s Baku
speech.made this clear, but-there .also .were earlier
indications: lie has become more explicit about
,Berlin with his insistence that if his terms were
not met all Western rights would" be abrogated
unilaterally, including rights of access.
The reasons for all of this may be complbx.
Perhaps. the United States has contributed un-
wittingly to some of them. The pulling and hauling
over the nuclear test issue, with deliberate efforts
,by some groups to 'prevent Ali agreement, - may
have. created an, impression of bad faith, The
unfortunate manner of the White House announce-
ment the other dey about a program of test de-
research may have tended.-to . con-firm,
previous suspicions, Under Secretary of, State
Dillon's speech. last month, to which Mr. Khru
. shchev took such strong exception, may have
been unnecessarily brusque--though perhaps what
Mr. Khrushchev found most objectionable was the
Indication that - he- would not get away with his
game of euchre.
Then there may 'have been some domestic.
(rSoviet reasons.: Some of the Stalinists among
Mr. Khrushchev's colleagues may `have been this-
-trustful of his' Initiatives. ' T.hcee is , said to be
discontent among Soviet military officials ,diseom-
ff.ted by recent manpower cuts. 'There may well.`
he pressure from the fanatics ' , in Communist
China; and the hard?shcll views of, the hierarchy
~+ jn East Germany, can no . longer be overridden
as , contemptuously is those of other satellite
satraps. On., top of such 'reasons Mr. Khrushchev'.
{ may have, found the diversionary benefits of the
plane Incident irresistible. ,
Whatever the explanation, it , 960,M9 A likely that
(Mr. Khrushchev's to tic is to attempt `to place
the West on the :defensive 'and thereupon to
demand 'concessions in order to prevent', a break
down . at the summit ,He. seems likely also to
',employ this ' techpi,c 4.'q-we trust , unprofit'ably--in
respect to' Mr.. isenhower's visit.. 'T'hus whether,.
Anything constructive :can't e : developed out of
this : conflict. of motives remains,' very'. much
There' is stilt a chance' for a` nuclear' test; agree-
rnent :though not,- it must be made clear, ,at the
expense of Berlin. But. it .is hardly a cheery en-
vironment'into which Mr. Eisenhower is going.
qut ; of respect fort the,. sincereand deep-seated
hopes of;- humanity for, real peace, however, it is
tear better to avoid greatoxpectations than to invite
NEW YORK TIMES
RUSSIANS DISCERN Ated Se, Of, propaganda kind the
United States, af, a kind not often seen here since press cam-
- SUPPORT ON PLANE
Appear Con,Wnoed U.N. Vote
on U4 Incident Would Go
Against' U.. S. Policy
. , )By MAX. FRANItIDL
~Peclki to The New York 'buses.
MOSCOW, May i3-Premier
Xhrushchev'. will fly to Paris
for the Big Four summit meet-
ing. tomorrow; apparently, bn-
couraged by widespread. oriti-
cism of;the -United Staten In-
tention 'to continue reconnaia-
sauce flights over the Soviet
Union,
Moscow l appeaii's genuinely
Convinced that for the flrAt tiblb
on a major issue, it *111 be able
to Marshall >i. large majority to
condemn the United States In
the United Nations. A formal
request that the world organiv.
cation denounce the United
States policy is a "threat to
peace" is expected after the
summit conference.,
Soviet newspapers and Tags,'
the official' hu .prees agenc, were
collecting ndreds Of com.,
ments today designed to show
that Washington was condoning
violations. of international law.-
Especially prominent positions
were given to the views of
Americans, including ' Walter
Lippmann, Adlai E, Stevenson
and members of Congress, .,.
1 There has been little commen-
tary on the work of the Big
Pour conference or its likely
outcome. This contracts sharply
with extensive .. expressions - of
optimism made here before the
Russians, announced they had
shot down . a United States
reconnalsmance pplane near Sver-
diovsk, in, the ;Urals, -
Parts of the U-2 plane and
much of its equipment, which
'observers agree is surprisingly
Intact, have gone on'; public
exhibition - in an amusement
park here. Hundreds of Russians
are lining up to see the display.
Newspapers are calling .it the
"American Exhibition in Gorky
Park " an i9onic allusion to the
well-ktnown and popular Amer-
i
an Exhibition in Sokolniki
> ark k last summer. '
paigns: against' last summer's
exhibit, began to appear today
in-Pravda. However, the articles
on unemployment in th United
States and other Western .na-
Soviet propaganda about local
tax revisions than to the plane
in, Soviet cities and so does the
the performers, Russians have
been expressing vegret and hopes
that the drift owar,. closer ties
The United States IEnibassy
here has received about ; 2,000
.
letters and 000 telegrams from'
I strained.'Most call' for "punish
for the flight.
The postpone me t ofa visit'
to the United States by Chief
Air Marshal Konstantin A.,
Vershinin, Chief ` of the Soviet
Air, Force, did not surprise, di~p-
lomats here They expressed the
belief that, his departure would
,have undermined."the'Soviet
declaration ' that' the United
States' intention to continue
aerialreconhaissance.had caused I
Approved For Release 2004/05/13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
i
 NEW, YUIidQV
efnt
The Breast Beaters
'The fervent sincerity with which some naive
Americans have been publicly beating their
breasts because we have Pent reconnaissance
planes across the Soviet Union's frontiers is
matched.by the nauseating hypocrisy with which
Premier Khrushchev, who is not naive, has been
castigating us for our "act of aggression."
The Americans should know, as Mr. Khru-
shchev knows, that every nation in the world
attempts, in peace as well as in war, to learn
what it can about its potential enemies. That
is- not only a function of self-defense, it is a
prune requisite. Above all, it is not a question
of morals, it is a matter of necessity. Let us
have done with the whimpering about espionage
being a departure "from the code of responsible
international behavior" and look the facts in
the'face: it has been part of the code from the
beginning of time and it will be to the end. Un-
acknowledged, yes; distasteful, as President
Eisenhower. observed, yes; dangerous, yes-but
necessary and inevitable.
What is not'inevitable is that a government
should have been so clumsy as ours was over
this 'incident,, not so much in the timing as in
tho.handling of. It When the plane was downed.
Even the wording of the first admission on Sat-
urday,, as approved. by the President, was pe-
culiarly inept. It was not until Secretary Her-
ter's statement Monday and the President's on
Tuesday that the matter has been put in perspec-
tive. What is this perspective?'
First of ? all it is not true, as has been alleged
by the breast,'beaters, that aerial reconnaissance
over Russia in being defended on moral grounds.
It is no, more moral and no more immoral than
planting a spy in the; Kremlin, or listening to a
government telephone conversation between.'
Moscow and Peiping. And, so far as we under.
stand their statements, neither the President nor
the, Secretary of State has raised, the 'question
of morality in discussing Presidential directives
"to gather by every possible means the informs=
tion required to protect the United States and
the free world' against surprise attack."
We 'of the free world may indeed have a
"Pearl Harbor complex quite comparable to`the
security complex of the Russians. Both com-
plexes are going, to plague this earth until we
and they agree toa disarmament and inspection
system.. Until we and they do so, no responsible
American could approve a willful refusal to take
every possible unilateral measure "to lessen and
to overcome,". in Mr, Herter's words, "this dan-
ger of surprise attack. It was inexcusable for
our Government to have made the stupid and
false -statements that were made in the first
days 'of this incident; but it Would be equally
stupid and false for us at this stage to try to
pretend that active intelligence operations do
not exist and will not continue to, exist.
Approved For Release 2004/
Mr. Khrushchev's injured innocence is ludi-
crous, though in the midst of his threats he does
admit that the reconnaissance flight was made
"not as a preparation for war." It is perfectly
natural that he is exploiting all the propaganda
advantage possible out of our bad luck and bad
judgment-but that does not mean that we must
act as though we had been caught in the middle
of a Czechoslovakia or a Hungary or a Korea.
If we had found a Russian reconnaissance
plane flying over the United States, we would
doubtless have shot it down too-- this is a risk
inherent in espionage activity. The way to de-
crease the tensions raised by this unfortunate
incident is to make progress toward disarma-
ment and an end to nuclear testing; and for this
we on our part' must be willing to accept risks.
just as we are willing to accept them when we
send an unarmed reconnaissance plane high
above the skies- of Russia.
V B W YO1 K TIMES MAY 14 1:i60
TRUMAN, RECALLS
NO AERIAL SPYING
But He Concedes It MayHave
Been Used Under Him-
Says U. S. Has `Slipped`
Speelal to The Now York Tlmcs,
.CHICAGO, May 13 -Former
President Harry S. Truman said
here today that he did not know
of any aerial sying by the Unit-
ed States during his Adminis=
tration but that it was possible
it might have been done with=
out his knowledge..
He. made the statement at a
news conference that, proceeded
a speech largely devoted to for-
eign policy. The address was
before the Executives Club in
(the Sherman Hotel.
I Asked if there was aerial spy-
ing under his Presidency, he
said: "I don't think so. I think!
its dirty. business. But some-
times it may be necessary."
On possible aerial spying
without his knowledge, Mr. Tru-
man said, "It is conceivable that:
I didn't want to know about
it." He replied, "No" when
asked if he had given orders
not to be informed of'such ac-
?tivity.
No Reference to . Platte
Mr. Truman made no refer-
ence in his speech to the Soviet
Union's downing of a United
States reconnaissance plane, but
he said later that he had this
incident in mind when he re+
marked:
1 "Now we 'are faced with a
very grave situation on a'world
basis. The great republic of
ours has always been known
for.Jts honorable dealings and
::truthful statements of policy,.
It has , always been for the.
downtrodden and. for the build.
ing up of free government..
"We have slipped nationally
and internationally; Perhaps our
frenzy over the coming. election
has, blinded our Judgment qnd,
clouded our: moral vision. I am
sorry that is the case."
Mr., Truman described, the
world Situation as "dangerous
and jittery," He 'said recent.acts
of violence and riot demonstra-
tione in both ; hemispheres, re-
affirmed that ? people. were no
longer conteut, with economic
affairs alone ? but that human
dignity came first. .
'Today's events in. Korea,
Turkey, South Africa and Cuba
show that- some governments
have not kept up with the times
in meeting the aspirations, of
the people who. live under them,"
5/13 : .CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
 App f"dXFfi- 1 2044/,05/42 VIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
'A 20th-Century Pegasus Travck.On Air
Military Will Test
Vehicle Capable
of `25 M.P.H.
By STACY V. JONES
specfei to The New York Times.
WASHINGTON, May 13--Na-
tional Research Associates, Inc.,
of College Park, Md., received
a design patent, this week for
Pegasus I, a vehicle that glides
on, a cushion of air.
he Army, which has bought,
orie to try out, .will exhibit it
tomorrow in the Ai'med Forces
Day celebration at Andrews Air
Force Base here. The Marine
Corps has been ;testing another
of the same model;'
Pegasus I is 15 feet long and
8 feet wide and is powered by
two motorcycle engines develop-
ing a total of . 80.horsepower.
According to the company,, Pe-
gasus I can rise fifteen inches
with an operator aboard and has
a normal speed of 25 or 30 miles
an hour. The operator has a
control, stick ? and thisottle. .
The lift comes from "peri.-
pheral jet"--air pouring down-
ward through a slot around the
outer edge of the body.
. The Army calls the machine
FASS, for Free Air Suspension
System, The Marine Corps name
is GEM... T for Ground Effect
Machine No, 1.
The company is building f r
the Marines a larger vehicle
(GEM III) to be powered with
a gas turbine engine. It as
also put on'the market a ?fly-
National Research 'Associates, Inc., . has patented the design of Pegasus T; a- vehicle
that glides, on a cushion of air. The Army will' join the Marine Corps in, Nesting vehicle.
amusement device capable of president of National Itesearc
carrying two persons. Round Associates, and two of It,
and eight feet In diameter' it engineers-Alfred Q. Anderson
rises a couple of inches from the and Philip W. Jacks6ri Jr. It
floor and is said to intrigue shows the configuration of
both young. and old. more sophisticated vehicle' than
This week's design patent those. delivered fort military test-
Ing saucer ride," an air-cushion Melville W. Beardsley, a vice
ing, A number' of mechanical
patents ate pending.
1EW YORK TIMES MAY 14 1960
`lost contact with the Thor-Delta'
Circular path 1;000 miles ove Later in the day ti Titan mis-
i 1~~~L TO ~ ~~~ launching rocket after a pre- the earth, it would have been 5llethundered down the Atlantic
US ~1 dawn firing. the first of it parade of the missile range,on its fourth sue-1
The best guess, a spokesman ;. big balls that are' to serve as eessful, intercontinental -range
100 01 ~~ll~(1V for the National Aeronautics baekboards for bouncing com- 'fiiNht,
U and Space Administration said, mixnications signals around the The, Air Force reported the
Is that the satellite plunged into world. rocket had achieved all test ob-
the Atlantic Ocean, perhaps still Another effort iS scheduled jectives in registering its tenth
Aluminum-Coated Satellite attached to one or two of%;the for summer to launch a similar fully successful flight in fifteen
rocket stages. satellite. Eleven more Thor-,launchings.
Was to` Have Been Used to, Telemetry data indicated the Delta rockets are on, order for British $failure of small helium jets de- this and other experiments. &telUte Urged
Relay Communications signed to control the upper- In today's launching, at 4,16 JODRELL HANK, England,
stage assembly during a high- A. M., the rocket veered slight- May 13 (Reuters)-Prof. A. C.
dititude coasting period. ly as it left the pad, was quickly B. Lovell, director of the Jod-
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla., Folded tightly into a 261/2 -inch righted by its own guidance, rell Hank raldo observatory
to
,
May 13 (AP)-The space agen- magnesium ball, the balloon then blazed upward. . night alrged'Britain to launch!
cy tried and failed to put a was scheduled to be ejected peared as the hot. ninety-two- fits own communications satel-'
huge balloon communication . from its container and inflate foot rocket reached the. cold rites;
satellite into orbit today. to the size of a. ten-story build- air of the upper atmosphere. He emphasized that apart
The 100-foot, aluminum-coat- ing after orbit was achieved. Then, as it climbed into the from the problem of launching,
sphere, which would Series Is Planned sun's rays coming from behind there were no major scientific
ed have plastic been the biggest salte the horizon, the trail of its sec- difficulties left in using satel-
ever sent aloft,. gani tg i .Had the satellite, Echo I, and stage was clearly visible lites for long-range radio com-
space when traekf!l#i FW'R4li ai a 2OO4?YOb/1'3os - IA-RDP90GO07 2RO0010007~OAt4inns.
 /6'
Approved For Release 2004/05/13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
HUNTSVILL); TIMEg MAY 14 1960
What The Russians See
The, now-famed "spy plane" inci-
dent simply boils down to this: The
Russians look to our windows, and
we look in theirs. Some of their peo-
ple have been caught, and now, we
have been caught.
Washington authorities have yet to
eveal what we have seen in our
spying, and we're not sure what the
Communists have seen here. But, if
you'll stop to think for a minute,
they could have, seen some not-very-
pleasant things -happenings which
distorted minds could well twist into
evidence that America is not the lily-
white, peace-loving land of brother-
hood which we would want it. to be.
Without 'ever,bothering to fly over
America, the " Russians could learn
that in this country there is greed,
selfishness and deceit.
People cut; each other's throats
quickly and adroitly, in our business
world; people 'pad expense accounts,
they confiscate funds and :defraud if
they think they can get, away with
it. "The government," as We Amen-
cans calf. It, especially- is a target
which the little man constantly at
tacks ink tests of his shrewdness,
ability to "put one over on 'em." We
want to get all we can out of that
great bank of wealth, the govern-
ment, OUR government.
And even on the local level' we are
more concerned with what we can
squeeze out of the governing bodies
for our own selfish use rather than
seeking fairer and more constructive
means of spending the money. Or we
seek to establish individual king-
doms instead of seeking to be public
servants.
These symptoms, not to mention-
the brawli.ngs and murders, the "oth-
er type" of stealing, the gossiping
and character assassinations and thef
private interest games played by so
many, people given trusted positions,
are some of the things which could
be seen by.looking in our window.
These black marks are not repr.e-
sentative of the people of America
as a whole;, and, no doubt, they exist
to a far worse degree in Russia.
But We must face the'fact that they
do exist in America, and that, these",
black marks are among the facets of
our life. on display through any open
window, however. much we might
wish -for a. goad set -of blinds.
BALLOON LOST
BY THOR-DELTA
IN ITS 1ST JOE
Cape Canaveral, Fla., May
13 [A --Thor-Delta, newest of
the nation's workhorse space
rockets, f l u n k e d its initial
mission. Friday when it tried
to boost Echo I, a huge bal-
l n o n communications satel-
lite; into orbit. The 100 foot,
a l u ni i ll u m coated plastic
sphere, which would have
been the biggest satellite ever
sent aloft, vanished in space
when: tracking stations lost
c6ntact.
Best guess, a ' spokkopwc
for the national aeronautics ible. What happened after
,and s p,a c e admjnistrationithat was not known.
MAY 14 1960
said, was that th atellite
from which radio signals were
to be, bounced -plunged into
the Atlantic ocean, perhaps'
still attached to one or two of
the docket stages. Telemetry
data indicated the failure of
small helium jets designed to
control the upper stage as-i
sembly. .A n o t h e r effort is'
scheduled in midsummer.
A bright vapor cloud blos-
somed as the hot 92 foot
rocket raced into the cold air
of the upper atmosphere. As
it. climbed into the sun's rays,
coming up from behind the
horizon, the ignition of its
d 1ECat lease1& Qy4LO
NEW YORK DAILY NEWS'
MAY 14 1960
Set Missile Test
On RRs in Wyo.
Washington, May 13 (AP).-
Minuteman missile tests will be
carried out on railroads, in Wyo-
ming perhaps next month, Rep.
Keith Thoon, (R-Wyo.) said
today. ; Thomson said the initial
;testst'will involve no actual mis-
siles but wil test vibration and
;other, problems. Operating.crews
'for the 14-car test trains will be
furnished by -the railroads, with
eight lines ' involved. 'In P later
stages the trains will entry thcJ
nolid-propellant missiles on sped-
al vlauncher ~ ears.
Missiles for the P. 1.
Manila, May 13 (Reuters).---'
The Philippine air force soon will
be ec~ui ped with American Side-.
4DOW66Qa-6r missiles.
 02111
ApproydvdeRoer.Relleas'ei41W4h05/1 3rl:1 21 OiO07'B2R000100070001-6
artmen '
s
ress officer
Li
l
p
,
nco
n
slon was and I think that oug
ht p
FROM PAGE I Ito be realized by everyone White, made the reply in good
faith,- he said. matiC re-summit reminder of
besi es ~ e#etTing to the, aumm,y concerned." One of the very difficult p
space man, spoke of the satel- Mr. Allen's statement, made problems of the U-2 ' he said, soviet rocket power.
lites more glamorously as a on the American Broadcasting "is the situation of our allies. Space Travel 'Nearer'
'.'space ship." The Russian text Coinpan} s is lc3vision program It is perfectly obvious that our
use the phrase "Sputnik ship," ? College Ncws Conference,'" allies are naturally going to be LONDON, May 15 (Reuters)
As is customary here now, much more concerned from now Prof. Viktor A. Amba,rtsumyan,
Toss also listed the times at in contract, with Russian astronomer and a member of
on about the actions taken from an
(which the satellite would pass report air bases in their territory," the Supreme Soviet, said today
that the launching had brought
over selected cities of the world. The Russians have said A
cow, at 6:1.1 A. M. today. The blow up his plane in the air ar .pedal to The New Yor% Times, would go into space Himself.
second city on the list was the MOSCOW, May 15 (AP) Professor Ambartsttmyan is
to commit suicide with a ps. vision the Jodrell Bank, ob?
site of the summit meeting--- Two of the Soviet Union's top coned needle said to have be p servator the site of the world's
Paris-and the time was 7:J8 legal authorities declared today Y?
A. found in the flier's Jsik. Th largest radio telescope.
1,
that Francis G
Powe
t
L
ll th
f
B
rs mus
.
e o
?
ove
Pro
, A. C.
.
Now York, San Francisco, declared that they it?id ie:itc
London Melbourne and Ottawa the heedle on a, dog with fat be '.strictly punished as the servatory director, said the
also appeared in today's listing. results, gravest: criminal, spy and wat launching made man's flight
_ non nu nn '4mmin o>}"
h
e e,,,?,~":?eiie,,, :, M Allid Uitd 1itt r~?,?.,c,,,-,,,
...,.r.en sane-a,.,-..
ressitrized cabin would be Professor A "furt said
p diplomats in Moscow would The guilt of. the 30-year-old he thought "further er ex experl-
se arated from, the satellite United States pilot is not de-
whenever the "'necessary" infer- everything possible to sec thr batable, ments with big satellites are
matlot> had been received. Mr. Powers got a fair trial ?ten said an S. Rtia arkin necessary before a manned
g written by P. S. omashlcin satellite becomes a reality."
On the radio this afternoon, the Russians were to try him head of the legal institute of He said: "Each step in launch-
scientists said that the corn- a spy, as they are they Wll the Academy of Sciences, and
mand for the cabin's descent Although the U.uil ocl Slate S. A. Golunsk ins very. heavy giant k
o
would, be given: from the earth, Embassy in Moscow has bee Y' will bring mankind nearer arer to
"The court sentence will servE "
in oraco.
presumably by' a device that trying to see the pilot, .there ha. as a serious warning to all big Professor Lo
So-
would slow the orbiting behicle. been no confirmation that. th said the S
and small war provocateurs," viet intention to to proceed with
h
The satellite was presumably Soviet government has gra:nte they said. manned flight had been known
placed into orbit by a, multi- this request.. The minimum sentence for (here for some time.
,
Le
ejected, is probably flying in ai propaganda efforts, including' imprisonment. The maximum is He termed the weight of the
similar path. Thus, when the the Voice of America broad- death. The two jurists' language satellite "really quite remark-'
pressure cabin is detached there, casts, also denied that Secrc-; appeared to mean that they fa- able," and said:
will probably be three Soviet tart' of State Christian A.I vored the death sentence. "It is obviously heavy enough
objects in orbit. Herter had said that flights They wrote that "Powers, a to contain a man and all the
The last stage of the rocket. such as that of Mr. Powers over conscious performer of an ag- hecessary equipment to sustain
was not included in the an-'the- Soviet Union would con- gressive act against our coun- life for quite a long time.
pounced satellite weight of tinue. try, will get what he deserves." "The colossal weight of this
-
4,540 kilograms, about 10,000 Dental on Herter Statement - device makes, me wonder if re
potin.cls.i;yy entry of space ships into the
The Instruments and equip- ? He said Secretary Herter had 'IC 1'IMF,q earth's atmosphere is going to
meat to aboard the satellite were said that there is anobligation "WAY J ' 7t1(;(J remain a terribly serious prob-
powered by chemical and responsibility
and solar batteries. of the United States Govern- - le Professor Lovell, who has
Although the timing of the ment and the free world to try I been engaged in space research,
announcement this morning tc> obtain information to guard SPACE SHIP LINK said the Soviet might be relying
may have served Soviet pres- argainA surprise attack, but he on equipping a man in space,
tiger abroad it was not fortunate has not said we are going to TO SUMMIT DENIED with sufficient devices and pow-
for the Soviet press. The news continue to fly." er to, control his re-entry into
developed here much too late Mr. Allen said lie would like the atmosphere.
for the Sunday' papers. A spe- to correct "a great misunder- ' In Bonn, West Germany, a
c'ial issue of Moscow's: evening standing" about what Mr, Herter Soviet Spokesman in Paris spokesman at Bochum Observa
,newsppaper this' afternoon car* had said, tory in the Ruhr said:
pied the only printed account of Last Monday It was inferred Also Says Astronaut Will ' If they. can launch a space
the event. from a statement issued by Sec Be Orbited 'Very , ship with a dummy on board
rotary Herter. that the United Soon then they could send up a man.
de &j, sPtlo# States would continue such, They are only faced with the
" e- ? flights. Premier Khrushchev moral question of sending a liv-
ry~ "'reacted indignantly. The perti- 9peclal to The New York Times. Ing person into space without
T old .~, rout to oVi'
a neat section of Mr. Herter's PARIS, May 15 - Premier being certain they could get him
Statement said: Khrushchev's chief spokesman back safely,"
"The Government of the, declared today that the Soviet Linked to Pacific Tests
special to The New York Tlmtq,' United States would be derelict Union would "very soon" launch
WASHINGTON, May 15 -?- to its responsibility not only to In Tokyo, Dr. Masashi Miyaji,
the American people but to free ?a manned space rocket. director of Tokyo Astronomical
George V..Allen, ,director of tl?,nspart t1-2 haye'6r1 in6V
cd from `"Alaska, rite Yori,:
oerrnany, England, ''urkey
Pakistan, Japan, bklnad-a
'rid the.'hhiliiininea'~.' .
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 zs
1 PAAPp $Q PBiE 1 ase ,95/lg~OOCIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
Russ denounce, lampoon U.S
in wake of plane incident
By STANLEY JOHNSON
MOSCOW (R'? Pravda, the
Communist party newspaper,
today called, Francis 0. Pow-
ers' jet flight over soviet terri-
tory further proof of the nece8-
sity for the highest Soviet vigi-
lance against attack.
Though. officials gloated over
the shooting down of the
Amerlcan,,spy plane,, some citi-
zensseemed disturbed that It
managed to get so deep into
Soviet territory.
PHAVPA denounced the
U.S. State Department's ex-
planation as impudent and
cynical and. denied that other
nations engaged in. aerial es-.
nionage.
deep into the Urals before
being shot down boosted Amer-
ica's military reputation, but it
had about the same:effect on
America's moral standing on a
s
smaller scale as the Sties "In
vaslon had on French and
British prestige.
TIlE SOVIET press poured
out fresh details of the capture
of pilot Francis Q. Powers and
lampooned the United States In
cartoons and articles. The papers told how Workers
on a state farm: near Sverd-
llovsk came to Powers' aid when
he parachuted from his plane
vnx May ,:Day but turned him
they found he carried a pistbl
with silencer,` dagger, Soviet
tlnion maps Soviet and foreign,
money, gold watches and wont-
en'S gold rings, a survival kit,
fishing net, pliers and a. savI-
edged .knife.
,our suspicions were rhoi'e
and more confirmed," said
Vladimir Surin, a former set,
geant. "An, enemy was in front
of us,`afi.enemy cunning and
impudent,"
KOIVMSOMOL PItAVDA. relat-
ed that Burin and his family
1were, 'getting ready for their
May. Day dinner` when they
over to_tauthorities when heard an explosion,,.
1
"It is certainly no, secret
that, given the state of the
world today, intelligence collect:
tion activities are practiced by
all. countries, and ' postwar. his-
tory certainly' reveals that the,
Soviet Union has not been lag-
Bing behind in this field," the
U.S. statement said:
Premier Nikita Khrushchev
announced that ,the plane, bey
More it was rocketed' down;
.reached Sverdlovsk, sorfie 1,40b
miles northwest of: the 11akt.-
stani border, over,. which ;It
crossed. The , average Soviet re'--
acted like Americans ''ould'at
.news a Soviet plane had, been
,intercepted over Kansas,_,
ANGER AND uneasiness were
heigghtened ' by' the suspicion
that other Americen high-level;
planes had penetrated Soviet
air space vyithout being Inter=
`cepted:
In an attempt to reassure the
'people of the invincibility of
the Soviet armed forces, the top
military brass blanketed the
papers with articles proclaim-
ing the nation's ability to crush
any aggressor.
F ,?The tact that the ,plane' got;
LO ANGI;]_,t+]A E-XAMINI-0,?
1
erational Factors
A N A tiktance--- boSS v moreirinn-:- and `13oua1ass ballistic
By JULIAN IAItTT
Examiner Aerospace Editor
Two important conclusions
seemingly can be drawn from
second-day amplification by
other Russian figures of
Khrushchev's boastful. d i s-
c 1 os u r e' the Soviets had
knocked down a Lockheed
U-2 jet. .
One is that Khrushchev was
bonsulted about the . "intrud-
er, gave the word. to blast it,
and the Order
then was car-
pied :out.
ness, of mill-.
tart' communi-
cations, Mr. ,K:
,had . to be
reached In per-
son at a state
function, so a
period of min-
utes obviously
was consumed, possibly. a'deal .about it, and that was
minimum of 15. behind : the urgency for the
If the ' alert was flashed air-launched nuclear war-
when the 500-mile-anhour U-2 head first crossed rata Soviet ter ea
ided
an'
th Am
i
er
c
s _
r
bassador.
National Aeronautics and.
Space Administration's rap-:
idly firming plans for early
r7ARI ures, with jet pro.
C to page
v h
than 100 miles`-before it was S k y b o 11 (it wasn't even
hit. named when we, noted this
d Pilot
khe
e
Add tip Loc
Francis Powers' :four?vear ex? then) moving into develop,"
l
perience with the U-2, and the ' ' -
extremel,y complete naviga- strategic bomber fleet to
tional gear u n d o u b t e-ct l y "stand off out of range of
aboard. This leaves little pos? the ground weapons, either'
sibility of pilot error
But it does make a strong to Kit lttisslan, targets el
argument for the probability blast' gateways in ? the' de
the U-2 was on " automatic p1I fcnSe ring::
lot. -' 1 F o o't it o t e:_ American:
knowledge. bf these defenses
THE OTHER mayor point would seem .still a n o t 1: a ~t
is the Soviet claim they oufid reason why Powers`
knocked the U-2 down with a L auld not consciously have;
single ground to air missile. enetrated their ranges.)
If true, this confirms what
we surmised here some
months ago: ~,$gciety's big, _s.e m ?annual~
Russia nas a Lreniunuuuc-
ly effective ring of anti-air- meeting with 5000 members
E craft m 18 s l i e s . our intell! expected, runs from Monday
HARTT gence had learned a great through Thursday at the Am.
MAY 8 1960
 p RrO
pulslon Lab handling the
spacecraft aspects, is ex?
Ipected 1to be a,liighllght,
A
FIRING OF TITAN 6250?
mile-range ballistic missiles
from Vandenberg Al:'13 may
begin in October, Maj. Gen.
David Wade says.
He also predicted Titan It
with a range of nearly 10,000
miles, will be flying by mid-
1061,
'['his will have r nlirogen
tetroxide and unsymetrical
dimethyl hydrazine (UDMH)
for propellants.. These can
be stored in the weapon. for
long periods. Present vola
tile fuels are pumped in only
minutes before launch;
AIR FORCE -Ballistic Mi8-
5lles Center has awarded
Ford Motor's Aeronutronies
Division a $2,676,000 contract
to develop a military version
of NASA's Scout "poor man's
rocket."
The service will use the
.,olio -propellant multi stage-
Scouts in support of ad-
jvanced space and weapons
system programs.
PERSONNEL: Jim n1 Clyne,.
international conimer-.
cial "sales director for Doug-
las Aircraft since 1052, goeS
to Skirosky Aircraft Divisions
of United Aircraft on May 23
as manager of sales and.
service: This is a new post,'
created to meet demands for
a number of new turbine
powered helicopter models.
Approve
For Release 2004/05/13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
PALO ALTO TIMES MAY 7 1960
British
pursue
bird flight
By TOM A. CIILLEN
,LONDON (NEA)-Is it a bird?
Is it a plane? Is 11 Superman?
Some Britishers hope it will be
a "superman" flying like a bird.
While the Soviet Union and
the United States hasten to
reach the, moon, Britain, in
some ways, seems more con-
cerned with just getting. a man
off the ground under his own
steam.
PRESENT aerodynamic stud-
ies which indicate such flight
may. be possible, have inspired
Henry Kremer, wealthy British
industrialist; to offer a $15,000
prize for the first. British Com-
monwealth subject to complete
a figure-eight flight in a man-
powered aircraft, around two
plyons spaced a holf mile apart:
gimilar venture.
ICARUS WAS the first to try
his wing's, according to ancient
Greek legend. He. soared too
high and the sun melted the
'wax-fixed wings sending him
to hts death.
Leonardo. da Vindi tried,,his
hand. Bat designing man-pow-
ered flying machines in 1505,
In 1900,. a Frenchman. plum-
meted to his 'death by diving
off the 'Eiffel Tower in P. b.a.t-'
like costume, with flapping
wings:
,.The only ;successful man-
powered flight recorded is that
of two German engineers wht
managed to fly 200 yards in
1938 by pedaling a weird. con-
traption.
ROUGHLY, THERE' Are two
British approaches to, the prob-
lem:. the fixed wing. and the
flapping wings.
A leading wing-flapper is.
Emiel Hartmann, a L o n d o n,
sculptor, who , has designed;
what he calls an "ornithopter
which operates largely on mus
cle-power after an initial take-
-HARTMANN hasn't yet tried
flying with the foot, and hand
controls which flap the wings;:
but he has had his ornithopter
out-on trials-towed by a mo-:
for ar at 40 n i e o r.
Terence Nonweiler, an aero-
nautics lecturer, offers a more
scientific approach.. Nonweiler
has designed a machine which
is known as the "heavenly
tandem."
IT IS A two-man craft, re-
sembling a. tandem bicycle en-
closed in a fuselage, and cou-
pled to a pusher propeller at
the rear. The main bursts of
energy will be needed for take-
off,. and Nonweiler assumes
that, the first pilots will. have
had some experience In sprint
cycling.
Daniel Perkins, a senior avia-
tion experimental officer, in-
geniously offers a light-weight
machine design with a inflat-
able wing operated on the pedal
principle.
,THE RULES governing the
$15i,000.Kremer prize favor all
or-nothing sportsmanship. In-
flatable. wings and oxygen
nia?sks are. out.' No storing of,
energy before take-off is al-
lowed, except a deep breath,
Also, ""no part of the machine.
shall be jettisoned. during any
part of the flight."
or Release 2004/5/13 :CIA-RDP90T00
PALO ALTO TIMES
MAY 6 1960
Ames acquiring
1 11
td #ifial
wo aon
,ion accelerate rs
Ames Research Center ; at
Moffett Field has contracted
for the purchase of two more
Ion accelerators for $170,000.
.Tht center,.. part of the -Na-
tional Aeronautical Space Ad-
ministration facilities, will get
one. of the neW,atom smashers
In December, the other in Jan-
uary next year, .
Ames now has an ion accel-
erator that has been In. use for
the past two pars, for, research
In basic physics and studies re-
lating to,space travel.
The new units will be made
by the Applied Radiation Cor-
poration in Walnut Creek In
the East Bay.
82R000100070001-6
.U
 27
SAN Fl PP cFaalF e1 *$l2O104/05/13: CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
MAY 5 1'~0 '. .
Everything. et
'For a Blast- ff
Yours truly does&t: mind occasional allusion to
the hurdles, as he can't get into an exalted lather
over what is grandly called "Man's conquest of
space." Indeed, he doesn't think there's going to be
any conquest for quite a , spell, if you mean bringing
'em back alive. But that's only a guess, and not k
..,,.ter vws,a pan when we began talking. of very endearing one in some quarter,.;.
tourists in the Canadian rcacxWs, LL u,ur, i-' ??~-~. It, All we needed was rockets capable of 25,000
m.p.h.; and training for some a*hletic~ types thick"Of
ing the nose cone througn the *it-
mosphere without: a fire, but we
worked at It, and gave a couple of
monkeys short rides.
True, scientists went to their
blackboards and made c u r 10. Us
signs, like, let "g" represent grav-
ity. The medical men and nut:ri-
+i,,,,icth werv naturals, as you gotta
act, because if you're out near Mars and half the crew
But altogether it was in the bag, because Man
is such a, hell' of a terrestrial success it is time fie
exhibited his graces in space,}
UST TO SHOW YOU how smart We are, we've
licked the food problem. The pa.y-load guys said,
look, you think,you're going to pack. along T-bones
. ,. mom.. -.,..,1 'G-*,1 4 is "Afig
horrible.
So promptly tube chemists, Hornstein and Crowe,
extracted the flavor. elements from beef,.freeze:dried
it to a powder, 'and when heated it gives off a rich
aroma. Just sprinkle a little of this on your algae acid
you will think you are at the ChicagoStockyards Inn..
So that takes, care of the snacks' oh a six-month
journey; but here comes a study board of the National
Academy of Sciences,. 'and warns returning space
ships may bring back bacteria which could become
h
"
,
on eart
"pervasive nuisances
EFV SIVE NUISANCVS" is 'si nice academic
"
p
term you might think .could be applied tb the
viruses we already have, when you lie in bed with the
miseries, 103 temperature, cigarettes that taste like
licorice whips and martinis that taste like turpentine:
if the Venusians want to risk a virus
l
Fact
s, trade, we might deal; and may the best planet wifi.
It would be something like : betting on a cockroach'
This is not the way'the board feels, though, What
it wants is some "cautionary wisdom" in the micro-
organism department, lest we find ourselves one day
LOB ANGELES TIMES
MAY 6 1960
X15 Control
Flight Test
Called Off
First flight test of the X-15
rocket plane's space control
system was called off yester-
day seven minutes before its
scheduled drop from a 13-52
5tratofort at 45,000 ft.
I . Scott Crossfielcl, test pilot
for North Amhr.ican Avia-
tion, was at 1,he controls of
.the missile,-.like craft, Iles
canceled the launch when.
generator innalfunction devel-
launch yesterday, Crossfleld
conducted' several tests of
the space control system
while the 13.52 , carried the
X-15 aloft.
The rocket ship's first,
flight with aneW and more;
!powerful eirgine is scheduled
n1 two .weeks: 1n all tests to
date -it has, been flown with
_a le. ser.engine of 16,000 lb.
thrust. The new power
plant,. designated XLR-99,
will give the plane a 60,000-
11), thrust--one-third that of
a Thor ballistic missile.
Engineers-will mount the
j big engine in ona of three
XX1.5s next'week.
on a planet like th W ,Fn ee if
eease'f[3 : CIA-RDP90T00782R0001
too.
MAY 5 1960
Demo. Uni
Raps Space
Program
New fork Times Service
WA:SIIINGTON, May 4
A scientific committee of
the Democratic Advisory.
Council 'entered a sweeping
indictment today of the
Administration's space pro-
gram.
it charged that the pro-
'granl has been characterized
by repeated. failures, lack of
`priority, linsufficient funding
,> The, c6minittee also sug-.
gested ,that the Administra-
tion was moving too hastily
and with too much "public,
space, at the risk of endan
gering.not only national pres-
tige bt4t?also the lives of the
astronauts.
This broad criticism of the
'spaca'program, which went
far ,'beyond any expressed
by congressional. Democrats,.
was made by the advisory
committee on science and
,,and technology of the Demo-
cratic'Advisory Council, The,'
committee of . 15 prominent
,scientists is headed by Dr.
i Ernest C. Pollard, chairman
of the biophysics department
at Yale University,
~-.The 'net pffectof the com-
mittee's criticism may well
be sure that the space
o114 tecomes'a partisan
issue in the coining cam-
paign. . ~' I
 App 'iic ke@ F $WIa.1L2o04/05/13 : C1$jjR9gTW782R000100070001-6
{ :r
tan or
Tdkns ; i nstru e
M
a t t Iife'on
ic
l
i
g
a
a
oioMy at . a L-uesQay. Eveningment to do useful scientific ex-
Dr.' Joshua ?Lederberg has research In space. Series lectur
e JUL night atperimeiitation, he said.
plans in his laboratory at the Ile thinks there Is a good Stanford, He also discussed it Stanford Medical School for an ch st press conference ss the A ND, HE continued, there's
a In
instrumenfi which may within ance that life exists on other `
y planets. afternoon. .the danger that man may con_
the next. five years tell man if 'taminate spare.
there is life on other planets. But the question of life in COMPARATIVE studies would'
The instrument consists of a outer space has never been bb based on the . assumption Ile feels this danger hinges
camera-size microscope, a, role anything more than specula. ,at life throughout the lint, on conditions at the . target.
of sticky transparent tape and a tion, he continued. Scientists Conditions on Mars 'could sup-
erse evolved Inds
television transmitter to. be sent can predict the chemical and lit the utudies could also ently sport many kinds of bacteritiso
to a. planet 6.s part of the pay- physical features of other pllin-,or disprove the idea of "pfiov, 'we most not put them there
XQad on a Saturn rocket. . ets, but they have no .basis ,for ,+ paris~
Once on a, planet. the tape answering the ? questions bfpei'mia, the in I g r tiv I o n of ! until we kno*' what the, copse-
would be thrown out to collect whether life exists there. pores, or reproductive cells, quences would be.
throutl space from one plaflet 'Many orgs.nihilis can live in.
Samples of surface. soil and ' IP' tlft`does exist eisewh4e,to anot'icr. , .? . (condition .where. man couldn't
then xet
5
ind f
'
i mi
c
e
~
-
'
(
t
l
o
cros
Dr, L
derer wanl;M 1 Tmw
rr
Theys only {`one chancie
"h survive:
[inspection under ultra v1oet' it's` the same kind' of life that Imiliio'. I there' can be, anything
not to
ii light The television transri t_ exists on earth DoCs Il 4,av sl
_
nd
i
t
h
au vaa,.aa se
p
c
ui es t
e, same biochemical origins f'
s -
said, t "it can't be excluded
back to,earth' far analysis.. iaoes it also depend on t1 ~ii
and nucleic acids? oxl tits' basis d present evi-
THE, INSTRUMENT is "still
er
on
but c
ld be
y.....~
,
u
ready
;for use In, space Nithiii. three
to five years? fir; Lederberg es-
timates.' , The first, Saturn 1s
scheduled to be "shot into space
ii1.19B4
Micro~copic analysis oi''gtkicr
planets is vital to "exobiology,"
a term the Nobel l:'~risefwlifiing
look-at the question of
contamination only , from. man's
point of view," he cautioned.
Dr.. Lederberg noted that
#here is also a 'po
ibilit
a
ss
y th
t
it ixeW approach to the origih of They ;spore transmission idea roan:returning from space could
life. . A major objective of, could be testeda by studying the coi}tahilho e' the earth witli un-
tie neiieves sending man into
overall" patterns of ? cheniical space ?'just for the Sake 'of do- eases.
evolution on the pianets and i
This idea has no sci
tifi
'
en
q
ng it
r should not be an objec-
find what elements are eom' tive o1 the space program, an basis,,, but. 'commoix.. cerise i*
mop
h
'
. s
oul4
not, be sent until he can enough reasbn for caution," he
Dr. Lederberg discussed exo- be supported by enough equita.. added.
WHEN TIM smaller
1y,46_tlL+:1H4)LI)t
"5
,
,
NOy6e-GIL14Buliotln Ailafiop WPtter I sphere, abotit the size of ;a
LOS .ANC } S; `May ' 44 - basketball reaches glbital
The United St tes is prepay' speed about 90miles Qut ttt
ds r x,100-foot sphere---4larg-nized globe-s~h a p e d bad
est hvt lightest earth satel-;; which will inflate itself by
et: ,:-
-iite'
y
A national aiivonautlcsaa tiny amount of internal
and space agency a ientlst'gas.
Dr.'Abe'Sil,mrs'tein said the It will be seen in the Unit-
d Mate
l it
fi
t
d
e
s:oi
rs
, secon
s
satellite Will be contained irk
A ' folded position inside sand ninth easterly passes
SAN FRANCISCO NEWS
MAY 4. '1960
ill'Tot ca}'i'y ,iiistrtlm~eriildl'
lions, Sliveiein told and
aviation writers assoeiationl
nears conferenc ie_re- ' -.?
seicntastsat the Goldstone
tracking station in Southern
California Will bounce radio;
`signals off the 1Q0-f Q o t'
sphere.
much smaflel'. one , to be arpurld t.he earth s,airlf
launched frorn Cape Canav-
s
f
eral; Fla,
Appr~ p~
gase
20~~ %05/13 : CIA-RDP90TOO782R000100070001-6
 Prepared by PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE
(It;li fl
Date k1 AY I
NEW YORK TIMES MAY 1 0 191;0
? can plane had been shot. dowry
~f overthe Soviet ilnointhe SPACE UNIT UPSET Vllllllll U-2 planes teas missing after
haying taken off on a triangular
R f. t over Turkey to study
A
the :;aid he had lint 11111 IcfloWl i,swllu,,nce of events:
led?gc> Iha.l, they were being a cd!i to midmorning Thursday the
for photographicrcconna.iasanc:c11Wliite iloose pi-M secretary,
over Soviet, territory. IIa.gerty, announced
'rho siory of the space ages- tha.l the President had ordered
cy's involvoinenI. goes back to 1x.11 ing11iiy and report on the
before 1956 Sornctutu before incident and said that a state-
that vi rr, o(i a ials said, the Air milli. would he issued shortly by
Weather Service approached the ;pace Agency and the State
scienti4ls of the old National i)epartment..
Advisory Committee for Aero- The Space Agency wa.r
nautic s it Langley Va., with] cati lit by surprise, because it
1IOll g
br h-altitude wind gusts.
OVER EPIIDI
Officials of the agency were
Agency Says It Declared in
Good Faith That Plane
FIevV Turkish' Mission
grin and embarrassment over
exposure of this story as a "com-
plete lie," as Mr. Khrushclev
put it, They saw not only their
public reputation tarnished but
u. r`rsrxT w ill rwivx?v I international cooperation in the
apecrar [ovine new,xnrK irmcs. greatly compromised.
WASHINGTON, May 9--How .,For example, Space Agency!
did' the United States come to offlicals were wondering wheth-
issue a false statement about er other nations would be so.'
the loss -of a U-2. observation willing to join in peaceful space
plane over the Soviet Union,? projects-such as establishing
The'National Aeronautics and tracking stations for the astro-
SP.ace Administration, still in a saute that it mans to putt hat
an ~ agency that
t
state of shock over having its was apparently engaging In es-
original report of last Thursday pionage on the side.
These officials Insisted today
A
the proposal of entering into a
joint meteorological research
progr aati using; the newly devel-
oped' _1J -2.
The A dvisory Committee,
Which hind'worked closely with
the military in research, saw a
good opportunity to study the
wind-gust conditions that would
be encountered by future jet
transports and agreed. Ten of
the U:2 planes were obtained oil
ntent. Finally, early 'in the
after?noon, it issued a formal
statement incorporating the in-
formation supplied by the Air
Weather Service.
This statement was to the ef-
fect that the flight plan w
over Turkey, but the pilot
~mig7it" have mrs-EaReiTy crossed
into the Soviet Union after
loan or "bailment" from the.Igen. A statement -to the same
military. effect was issued about the
The dvisory Committee had
no pilots of its own, so it corn-
tracted with the Lockheed Air-
craft Corporation, developer of
the pliine, to furnish pilots. It
ment press officer, Lincoln
White. '
The Space Agency and State
Department stuck to this ac-
also did not have operating per= count through Friday. Mr. White
sgnpel,to run the research pro- reinforced it was an assertion
gram, so it arranged with the that "there was absolutely no--
ir .
repudiated, pointed at the
Weather Service of. the . Air that their original account was operating agency,
issued in good faith and that The. committee and later the
Force, they had been unaware that Space Agency.--established the
An Air Weather Service their planes were being used for general guidelines for the re-
spokesman at Scott Air Force photographic reconnaissance of search program, Space Agency
Base in Illinois said the service the Soviet Union-as charged lofficials said. The Air Weather
just relayed Inform attoni'by Mr, Khrushchev and now im- Service handled the day-by-day
n had admitted. by the State Ir,: , .
channels from Turkey." Walter T. Bonney, dir etor of
If this seemed to hove the ap- I the Space Agency's Office of
pearance of bureaucratic buck-
passing, it was, typical of what
has happened In the last ' five
days as the Government txi'ed to
explain what one of its .planes
was doing over the Soviet
.Union,
various ra>es aoru I received from ' the Second
Officials who have been in-; Weather Wing at Wiesbaden,
volved in the contradictory Germany, which, in turn,, "was,
statements told today how,. an only relayin inf_ormatlQn_ sup
.experienced public, information plied through channels from
'officer thought he was telling Turkey."'
'Legitimate Purpose' Seen
the truth only to be_ repudiated Dr
Hugh L. Dryden, Deputy
.
by another department, how one
agency issued a statement with Administrator of the Space 'act officer for the u-2 prv
Agency and for years head of gram, reported that one of the
out checking with other ~gen 11 its predecessor, the National planes was missing after the
Iles involved, and how the: State Advisory Committee for Aero-, pilot reported having difficulty
d d ni l with- ti said it had been his 'with. his oxygen supply.
s
e
violate Soviet air space. There
has never been." ?
. Then, on Saturday, Mr. Khru-
shchev jubiliantly announced
that the pilot had been captured
and the plane shot down near
Sverdlovsk, about 1,200 miles
from the Soviet-Afghan border.
On Saturday Mr. Bonney
spent the day in his office list-
ing reasons for himself why the
Khrushchev version must be
wrong and his correct. At the
State Department, Secretary
Christian A, Herter and his
aides worked on a. new state-
ment.
Finally, at 6 P, M., the State
Department issued a statement
saying that a flight over the
being repudiated was when he
read that statement on the news
tickers.
nau c
bepartment,issue a
In-
, The Space Public In-
out telling the, National Aero- nderstanding that the U-2! Agency
nautics and Space Agency: planes were being used for the formation Office, then con-
It was the Space Agency that "legitimate purpose" of obtain- cerned about the impending
from Ing information on wind gusts launching of a comnnrnications
put out the first statement at high altitudes. satellite, thought no more about
i
l Mr.
which the later trouble and em- Though he had been aware this information unt
barrassment stemmed. After that the planes were also being Khrushchev's statement Thurs-
ay 1 at . &tL American lane
Premier Khrushchev
antly disclosed that an
thought I was telling the
truth." The statements con-
tained in the original announce-
ment, he said, were based on in-
formation supplied by the Air
Weather. Service.
A spokesman of this service
said "the information had been
~t e
g 4 ~ e{~ 1~6#~/ t~lh adCl An SQT,00782RG90100070001-6
(pies from Soviet atomic tests, closure set off the following,
Under this operational ar-
rangement, four of the Space
Agency's U-2 planes recently
had been attached to the
Air Weather Service's Second
Weather Observational Squad-
ron (Provisional), stationed at
a Turkish air base near Adana.
First Hint of Furor I
The first hint of the impend-
ing international furor over the
U-2 planes came at 3:30 P. M.1 been undertaken by a U-2 plane
on May 2. Harry Press,, chief of Ibut that "insofar as the authori-
the Space Agency's Load and, ties in Washington are con-
Structures Division, received a corned, there was no authoriza-
phone call from Maj. James A. tion for any such flight as de-
Smith at the Air Weather Servscribed by Mr. Khrushchev."
ice headquarters at Scott Air The first Mr. Bonney knew-
 Approved For ease 4/05/13tii'VA~R~P T 1182f~ 04r100 0 1-6
50 1 0 ~$8lies In the contrro ant uci m n ~ ~/( L
(J j/l al(er Doubts
NEW YOIX T7iM ' ~sttdor Kohl that the United of President Eisenhower over -
Some Limit the Usestates would redeem its promise United states foreign policy.
1 the thangi. In the tone of the Soviet Plane Story
not to use Norway for such comment in the Washington
of Fields as Soviet nissions. diplomatic corps within the last
n Mount Coincidentally, the Pakistani week is striking. It is not only
Threats IYI VUnt representatives Were made clear. that the President is being criti- Ay'rUr AsFOCiatea Press.
that while they did not think tired more openly for failing to BURBANK, Calif., May 9-1-
,_ Mr, Powers' plane had taken ground the spy planes in the The designer of Lockheed Air=
off from a Pakistani base, they critical days before the summit craft's U-2 single-engine jet
By JAMES RESTON would protest the use of their ;meeting starting in Paris next plane said today he doubted
Special to The New York Thnes; bases for such flights. Monday, but that there is now that the Soviet Union had shot
WASHINGTON, May. 9-The: Another indication of the speculation about the possibility
( of some officials actually trying o
There the incident was being one down inside Soviet bound
diplomatic repercussions of the problem came from Japan. to create trouble in order to cries.
spy-plane case began arriving exploited by political opponents block progress at the summit. After having studied Soviet
,at the State Department today of the Government in an at- One diplomat has even raised
photographs of the aircraft, C.
'and they 'Were all bad. tempt to block ratification of the possibility of treachery in
y the Powers ease by observing L. Johnson, the designer, con
security United treaty. - Japanese that it seemed beyond compre- eluded that they were faked.
maj nig Soviet it o was as Conon- - the:
t. By hat the
uci ipl was ee. hension that a man could be "I think the crash photo-
ducting amajor d diplomatic and The United States has bases shot dowh from 65,000 feet by graphs , or NATO bases, released by Russia are
of its Ow1n
propaganda .offensive against limited airfield facilities aron or d a rocket and land with all his those of one of their own Beagle
those Allied countries furni h- the peripl}cry of the Commu- gear and incriminating evidence
ing bases or facilities for. re-Inlet empire. from Britain, intact, Including photographs. bombers," Mr. Johnson said to
eonnaissance flights over.. the France, Germany and Spain In C. I. A, Chief Praises Pilot MY, "It -would be very inter-
the ' west, Morocco, Turkey, .This was discussed briefly on' eating to" know why they have
Soviet that t lit was also tip- Saudi Arabia, Pakistan to the hidden the U-2. 11 " parent that this washaving ef- Capitol Hill; today but Allen
feet in some" Allied capitals` South of the Soviet Union, and Dulles, ;head of the Central In- "After spending the best part
Taiwan, the .Philippines, Japan telligence Agency, immediately of the week-end analyzing the
The threat by Premier Khru- and South Korea in the east. expressgd full confidence in Mr.
shchev to strike at the bases. What is feared here is that Powers'andgave a glowing me-
our- ear service nfcal people, I .am convinced-
the political, opposition; ' if not count of, his . f
from which reconnaissance y that the Russians, for some rea-
flig g hts mi?; .'ht ? on , mate coming the governments of these co. - record,
tries, will make it increasingly Other diplomats, were more sen. have released pictures of
p after a similar threat earlier ,tin
difficult to land or take off interested in the tone of the some other airplane crash,
r the clay by the Soviet Defense from their bases on these flights speeches coming out of Mos "I do not believe they shot
Minister, demonstrated ? the into Communist territory, which cow It was noted, for example, down the U-2 by either a mis-
scope of the Soviet effort..Secretary of State Herter in- that all the top"Soviet' military site or another aircraft. If they
sisted today Washington was leaders were being brought to have the U-2 it4s because some
Permission Required determined to- continue, Moscow to proclaim the military mechanical . or oxygen. failure:
Aries Talks Difficulty Seen prowness of the Soviet : Union, caused it to descend far below
Even before news Of these
More trouble was, also. ex - , d if the revelotionsof years of its normal cruising altitude."
a
i b d th
t
eyon
warn ngs go
petted in the critical field of
frontiers of the Soviet Union, negotiating an, arms control
however, ssome Allied officials system with the Russians.
iw'erc making. clear to United The heart of this problem has
States officials here and else- been- to get agreement with
i,te
where that no bases or facilities Moscow for, an inspection andl orilclat soviet line was
in their countries could be set control system. "No control-no that t{ ePowers case proved the
4t disarmament" hda been:. and effec tress of the Soviet. anti-
flights over Communist territory United States policy in the arms disclosure here that this had
without express authority for talks at Geneva. been going on for years with.
such missions. The United States inspection out anybody being shot down
system, however, involves the before, the picture was some
Paul Koht, the iorwegian what different
use of inspectors within the what
Ambassador, called on Seere- Soviet Union as Well as the, In any event, whatever the
tary of State Christian A.Ilerter United States.. It also requires state of Soviet defenses, the
this afternoon for assurances flights over the Soviet Union to Soviet diplomatic offensive is
that the U-2 plane downed in guard against surprise attack. now fairly clear It is in high
the Soviet Union was not, as Moscow has rejected these gear,- aiming at those Ameri
proposals so far on the ground can bases, whose destruction
reported by Premier Khru- that what. Washington was"as a major objective of So-
shchev, heading for an airfield really trying to get was anviet policy, long begore Francis
espionage system to observeGary Powers became the best
in Norway,
TT-1- publicized American spy since
-.
n
rra
gem
marxea-up p11uLubcayi1 ui utc
by American planes had created result of his studies. He said
some apprehension there about the salient points indicated were
Soviet defenses these:
gThe wing section in the left
foreground is definitely not that
of a, U-2. The wing taper is
wrong as is the structural pat-
tern of the ribs and beams.
c-The heavy structural ele-
ment at the top of the photo-
graph has no counterpart in
the U-2.
qUsing the original wirephoto
(which shows better detail than
the newspaper.' .reproductions);
not one single'-U-2 part could'
be identified in the wreckage.
If the wreckage of the U-2,
were as bad as that shown, it'
would be extremely unlikely
that Premier Khrushchev would'
,have any photograph ,to wave'
'round his public. Much of the
wreckage is damaged by fire,
which mi ht well destroy the
troops are stationed in that country. Norwegian bases arelthe. Sovited States flights over
the Soviet Union might per-
sometimes used for reconnais- suade Moscow to agree- to a
lance flights over. the Arctic,. legal. system of inspection, but
but this is done on the specific most well-qualified diplomats
understanding . that the planes here thought precisely the op
must stay far from the frontiers posite, namely, that the spy-
or air space of the Soviet Union. plane, plus Secretary Herter's
Mr. Herter told the Ambas warning that such flights must
sador he had no information to suspicions and would jeopardize Soviet
opardize the
the
confirm the charge that Francis, move toward an inspection
Gary- Powers of Jenkins,' Va.,:'agreement,
the United States pilot downed ' Thus the Powers- case has not
In the Soviet Union, w s d the
tally heading fora Norwegian F4ep 9a?p
Union, but also decreased the
base. Mr. Herter assured Am-
Norway Orders Inquiry g
film.
Special to The New York Times.
OSLO, Norway, May $-The
Norwegian ' Ambassador in.
Washington has been Instructed`
to establish whether the Ameri-;
can pilot shot down over Soviet
territory was bound for Norway.
Announcing this in Parlia-
ment today, Halyard . Lange,
Foreign. Minister, said Norway
would take ? "all necessary
steps" to - have., this matter
clarified.
3: CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
 Approved For Release 2004/05/13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
dr?ci;inia "Ire fly a plane ;tcrn~,:;
Nlay YO12K ''11li:h;;~; t (F V,'")
the h !tri );III([ of ltur,:ci;c Is cr1:
I hn.i. ~ 11ould he mall( at. ihe
Iligtip;L I~'vet of l;overulnent.."
While noL rlnc:,tloninl, sK.sser-
t.lon:, that I.he T'rr~ kleni. did not
lnunv of I.he flight, he said, "I
hope he t)lrl.'?
it wonld be a. "worse indict-
ment" to n.eknowledge that such
flights could occur without the
permission of responsible men
in the executive branch, he
sAd. The affoir illltstrates a
rived for closer Congressional!
scrutiny of Lhe country's intellt
gence activities, he declared,
Senator McCarthy urged the
Foreign Relations Committee to
sI.>u'l hearings on his resolution
to establish a Joint. Congres-
sional Commission for this
purpose.
Nuclear War Peril Noted
On the question of authoriz-
ing intelligence flights over
Soviet territory, Senator Mans-
field warned that "this incident
or any other of thjs kind might
well have accidentally set off
the holocaust of nuclear con-
flict."
. In the case of .the U-2, he
Added, the result was to "under-
i' Asnrlated Freon cut" the President on the eve
IIOAY? Caption with this photograph, printed in Moscow newspaper Trud, claimed it was of the summit meeting and
II wreckage of U-2 shot down over Soviet'Unioh. C. L Johnson, designer of the U-2, says damage this country's foreign
policy "from Norway to Japan,"
that after studying photograph, lie is convinced that it is not of the missing airplane. Unlike Mr. Kilday, he com-
1j~ tti - sues vivc ved to the downing of Need of Ilitelllgeuce Strewed tended the Administration for
I FI i?Illrillllll~D the U-2. r "What goes on in Russia is of is candor. CONGRESS t The Democratic consensusP the importance to us," he Others were less. disturbed
expressed by Senator Mike aid. "Getting that informationabont the principle of aerial
~~ IP'Pl ~ ~ y is not n very pretty trati on of Soviet territory.,
fl JI 1 (Mansfield of Montana, deput.?y but it is an essential bushtess, Senator or Stephen M. Young,,
Senate leader, was that nothy We've been engaged In a very Democrat of Ohio, said Soviet
- ing +Ihould be done for partisan dirty business and according to submarines patrolled. North
political advantage that would Mr. Herter, we got caught." American waters while Soviet
The otily mistakes- srlqPy, rings operated within ours
further. weaken President Ei-
Seeretar and Intelligence i g counry. Counter-action
y gested? (were in having pet?-
Hsenhower.'s position at the mitted the flight to occur so this government is esserttiai, hyo
Chief Seek to Quiet Uproar summit meeting,. which hegilts! rtcar rho, date. of the summit declared. 'I am not shocked,"
---Senate, Split on Fli hI next, Monday. conference and in admitting he added. .
The leaders who attended the that it was an espionage Turkey's Troubles Forgotten
-- - , Herter Dulles, briefing said they mission. suecis! to rile New York rimes.
Special to The Frew York Ulna S. were given- little new inforana- Others attending the briefing ANKARA, Turkey, May 9-
WASHINGTON, May 9..-- tion, although the two. nice were Speaker Sam Rayburn The downing of the United
Secretary of State Christian A. sketched in some additional de-' of Texas, Senator. Mansfield, States plane has overtaken
Everett McKinley Dirksen of Turkey's domestic' disorders as
Herter and Allen W. Dulles, tails. ~Illlinols, Senate Republican lead- the center of Interest In Ankara.
director of the Central Intelli-, In response to questions, Mr.,,er; Thom; s H. Kuchel of Cali- If the Government of Pres-
gence Agency, sought today to
quiet the U-2 incident with a
ninety-minute seeret. briefing
bulles-said the Government had
Flo information to confirm Pre-
fornia, deputy ;Senate Repub ident Adrian Menderes had de-
lican leader; Representative liberately sought a diversion of
Charles A, Halleck of Indiana, attention from the recent anti-
House Republican leader; John Government demonstrations it
W. McCormack of Massachu- could not `"pave come up with
setts, House Democratic leader, a better J
and ranking members of both The Far. ign Office is taking
parties on the Senate and House; every step, as it did In a state-
for leaders of both' parties. the U-2,had been shot down by
The two officials, making aa Soviet missile. In view of the
special trip to the ?Ca.pitol, - un-Ipllot's escape'- and Soviet re-
der..... .t ^ , ound -o f brick q,,ies-Icoverv of much of the plane's
tioning that reflected wide- equipment, some congressmen _
questioned the Soviet re Armed Services and Foreign1
spread Congressional , dismay 9 PorRelations
over the timing of the infornta-that: the jet craft had been hit -Q0nre5s_was sharply divfjtg
tion-gathering flight, the ris)cs by a rocket. on the question of permitting
;involved in such activity and There was also some ques- clandestine flights over Soviet
'the apparent lack of Fresiden-tioning of the wisdom of the
tial control over it. Government's'. admitting the
'
s. mission.
Democrats Favor Restraint truth about the plane
On the Senate floor, mean-I Representative Paul J. Kilday,
`while, members of both parties
agreed on the necessity of in-
telligence activities to match
those of the Soviet UniAP rQ
there were at least a dozen
confused opinions about the is-
terrltory, although, there was
unanimous agreement that the
timing of the May 1 flight was
deplorably bad. There was also
considerable shock, and .sofne
Democrat of Texas and ranking disbelief, over Administration
Democrat on the House Armed statements that no one In au-
Qhrviece f'nmmlftea snld he thority in Washington haul spe-
~dfl+rbfiDrtflemAe@04it0W13sX,Or ette qpa~
_
policy. 1 Democrat of Minnesota, said a
ment last night, to remove Itself
from all responsibility for the
plane that took off from Incirlik
air base at Adana eight days
ago.
Foreign correspondents, who
came to Turkey ten days ago
to report on the outbreaks and
the North Atlantic Treaty Or-
ganization conference in Istan-
bul, besieged United States
diplomatic and military , nits-
sionrs,
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States is not going to be able to du-
a l..?,ulriicy fr,r' .Irriintlr. !rr lrnlur-
i;;r irr fire S?ru if, t. t~runii trn.d flit
IJniled. Slalc.s.
fleet match of tyre doubt, and critfcl:;nr
aroused by the downing of a recon- Witliirr this fr,,.mewnrk exists fhc
naissance plane in the Urals. The I)erll of devastating war, c.hred
by the Soviet Union and
those which the, United States
felt obliged to institute on a
reciprocal basis.
More recently at the Ge-
neva disarmament conference
the United States has pro-
p?..seL1 far-reaching new nicas-
ures of controlled disarma-
merit. It is possible that the
Soviet leaders have a dif-
ferent version and that, how-
ever unjustifiedly, they fear
attack from the. West. But
this is hard to reconcile with
their continual rejection of
out- repeated proposals for
effective measures against
surprise attack and for ef-
fective inspection of disarma-
ment measures.
I will say frankly that it Is
unacceptable that the Soviet
political system should be
given an opportunity to make
secret preparations to face
the free world with the choice
of abject surrender or nuclear
destruction. The government
of the United States; would
'be derelict to its responsibili-
ty not only to the American
people but the free peoples
everywhere if it, did not; in
'the absence of Soviet co-
operation, take such measures
as are possible unilaterally to
lessen and to overcome this
dan er of surprise attack. In
fact the United States has
not and does not shirk this
responsibility.
Presidential Directives
In accordance with the Na-
tional Security Act of 1947,
the President has put into
effect since the beginning of
his Administration directives
to gather by every possible
means the information re-
quired to protect the United
States and the free world
against surprise attack. and
to enable them to make effec-
tive preparations for their
defense.
Under these directives pro-
grams have been developed
and put into operation which
have included aerial surveil-
lance . by unarmed civilian
aircraft, normally of a pe-
ripheral character but on oc-
casion by penetration. Spe-
cific missions of these un-
armed civilian aircraft have.
not been subject to Presi-
dential authorization. The
fact that such surveillance
was taking place has appar-
ently not been a secret to the
Soviet, leadership and the
question indeed arises as to
why at this particular junc-
ture they should seek to ex-
ploit the present incident as
a propaganda battle in the
cold war.
This government had sin-
cerely hoped and continues
to. hope that In the coming
meeting of the heads of gov-
ernment in Paris Chairman
Khrushchev will be prepared
to co-operate in agreeing to
effective measures which
would remove this fear of
sudden mass destruction
from the minds of people
everywhere. Far from being
damaging to the forthcom-
ing id Paris, this Incident
should serve to underline the
Importance to. the world of
an earnest attempt there to
achieve agreed and effective
safeguards against surprise
attack and aggression.
At my request and with the
authority of the President,
the director of the Central
Intelligence Agency, the
Honorable Allen W; Dulles,
is today briefing members of
the Congress fully along the
foregoing lines.
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 14
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N.Y. 1i1' RAL1? TItTIIUNI;
MAY 110 1960
Today and Toinorro,v
The Spy .Pane
By Walter Liplnnann
TN THE muddle and mess of the a'ff'air There is nothing shocking or novel,
1. of the spy plane there is one critical of course, in the disclosure that we have
question of particular urgency and been spying on the Russians. They
importance which. needs to be dealt have been spying on us. Spying is in
with. This is the official statement its very nature a dirty business, outside
made with the President's approval that the law and outside the moral code.
"It has been established that insofar The only crime recognized in the spy
as the authorities in Washington are business is to be caught, although this
concerned there was no authorization crime can be compounded by lying
for such flight as described by ? Mr. about it and then being caught 'in the
Khrushchev." If this' is true, thelt the lie itself;
command of very dangerous military In this affair, there is on the record
missions Is not securely and unques-r
as we know it serious prima-facie evi
tionably in the hands of the responsi- I deuce, not of unusual immorality but,
ble, authoritiesin `Washington--in the of inefficiency. Why did not the Pres-
hands, that is to say, of; the President. ident forbid all such flights when the
the Secretary of State, the Chiefs of summit meeting was agreed to? It, iA
Staff and the Director of Central In- not enough to say that he did not au-
telligence., thorize 'this flight. Why did he not
Who; then, has the'authority? If the forbid it?
authority to order a deep penetration . " "
of, Soviet territory with a 'military re- There is no reason to suspect,, also,
connaissanee, plane is in. some head- chat whoever did authorize the flight
quarters command not in Washington, and was responsible for preparing it
how do we know, how does the world. was unaware that the !Russians had de-
know, that the' authority to strike Is jveloped 'a, missile capable of knocking
blow is 'not also outside of Washington? the plane down. 'The equipment carried
In denying that it authorised the' by thei pilot, the Soviet money and the
, pre
rced suggests that hawse landin g through en-
flight the. Administration has entered, pared for for pal a f f alo
-
:4 plea of incompettence. For there can gine trouble perhaps, after which he
be no. acceptable excuse for an unau- ? would work his way across country, or,
thorized flight of this kind.. The Pres- failing that and having been caught,
ident cannot afford to let the question would commit suicide.
of where the responsibility to authorize * *
such flights resides go by without an What the pilot was not prepared for
Unequivocal, answer, By ` word and by was to have his plane disabled by a
.deed he must remove all doubt that. the Russian missile. For this' meant that
-authority to. command in these danger- the Russians had' him spotted. Under
pus matter's is in Washington and no-' these circumstances once his plane had
where else. The honor, the self-respect is been hit, his money and his poison
and. the self-confidence of the country needle were useless. If he had killed
demand !t. himself, if he had exploded his plane,
there would still have been his corpse
Although it is no doubt true that, the, and the wreckage of the plane 1,200
President did not himself authorize this miles inside the Soviet Unlorr..
particular flight, It is no doubt true; It.?wasa failure of Intelligence not
also 'that' he knew such flights were: to realize that the Soviets had a missile
being made. The general public wash capable of knocking down so high-fly-
perhaps surprised to hear about them., Ing a plane.' It was inefficient not to
But. for. the Russians ,and. 'for others take this possibility into account as a
among us there was no surprise at all.! factor which greatly mu4iplied the risks 1
Why,.then, knowing that such flights; of making such, a flight on the eve of
were, being made, did the President fail' the summit meeting.
to realie the risks of 'continuing them' ?Ioeo, Now York Herald Tribune Inc.
right up to the meeting at the summit?'
Is It because he was not paying suf-
ficient attention? Is it because his
closest advisors were not paying suffi-
cient attention? It looks like that. It.
seems as If the country has been humili-'
ated by absentmindedness in the hi
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PAPER #6
11 E
The following is a listing of the attached assemblage of public statements
and press releases originating from official sources and from abroad.
Each statement has been separately tabbed as indicated below, and all
items have been assembled in accordance with the chronology of release.
An additional attachment has been included in the form of a newspaper
article in the absence of any known printed official release. This item (#21)
is a complete text report of the Khrushchev-Eisenhower statements made
during and after the Summit Meeting of 16 May in Paris, France.
1.
Incirlik Air Base, Turkey
2 May
2.
Istanbul, Turkey/UPI
3 May
3.
Istanbul, Turkey/UPI
4 May
4.
Department of State
5 May
5.
NASA
5 May
6.
Department of State
6 may
7.
Department of State
6 May
8.
Department of State
6 May
9.
Department of State
7 May
10.
Department of State
9 May
11,
Department of State
9 May
12.
Department of State
9 May
13.
Department of State
10 May
14.
White House
11 May
15.
Department of State
11 May
16.
Department of State
12 May
17.
NASA
14 May
18.
Department of State
17 May
19.
Department of State
18 May
20.
Department of State
19 May
21.
New York Herald Tribune
17 May
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toia. A OOMM* ttto t
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U. S. Plane Lost
Near Red Border
ISTANBUL, May 3 (UPI)
A single-engine United States' Air Force plane with one man
aboard was' ssing today near
Lake Van far from the So-
viet bor in the rugged;
mountains southeastern
Turkey.
The hightitude research'
plane, winch belonged to they
National Aeronautics and Space l
Administration, was one of two
that took off Sunday morning;
from Incrilik Air Base near,
Adana on a weather reconnais
lance mission. One plane re-
turned but the pilot of the :
missing craft reported that his
oxygen equipment was out of
order.
WASHINGTON POST
4 May 1960
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NASA `Jef Last Over Turkey
ISTANBUL, Turkey, 31aY 4 (UPI) -- U. S. Alr Ford ,j
11, planes c1roled over-the tmountatnouin~entalfj t theaytl t
Turku `todayettrctting for an exper
vanisiie with its pilot three days ago.
The plane, a singte?jet U-2, disappeared near Lake an
weather reconnaissance flight. The plane belontieai
during
to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
1`rame of the Ala nrn~ N'it e
WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS
4 May 1960
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14 (TOPS `"))
.
1r . ? To (AP)---T} . STAT x D PAt` T 'T. SAID TODAY SO VI
. 'M'fRt':Fr~ .n'lan'~.m,?' .Axc': ~: MASli~?XL:sRX9.3e.~:..
ydd5~~k4fHNJ?'~:"`.~xr. ~..??"
SPOT )O'4P AN UNARMED' U. S. ,ARCH PLI N"_' tUTxt N IJt
I'M THAT"T A "MILITARY CRAFT" S P Et I ; I HRU FC H:11 CL A
I'S
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.",SuiTOis's -- ADD
NST fl1JCTI N F RC) PR ID T
AL A. ONAfUNCC AND SPAC
N UI RY INTO THE ASSM!t i" I
S S i{ T OAH O' ':.R T?,3F 50VIE:k I ION
nibI:/`tT 1 ..Y GIVZ`~, O'. T.
''`.,. ST'A,TE. ~rPARTMr"3.T R':`.P:~'2T A A IP~i~L '" f;I1'w?. '.IGH ALTI 3 _" r'.
i 14 F R'S ' 'ARC J{ TOOK OFF T' CN .
r~ k;IVILIAn PILOT AND HAS ri,,~FN MISSI'N'G ,G 5,1
JA[ LAST 4U M DA Y e
T1" DI' A2 ,,Ar;ANC - OF 1"1,117
EI TH? FLIGHT OF THIS PLANE TH! R',':POR ' SAID
!C'401 HAS A' ~ T73C THAT A UNITfD STr T ',PLAN'_,, VAS
p T,
. 'is "SST I ' "- ` PC
n
ON'' THAT .DAY, IT MVO 1i.. TW'1A1 IS ',)V!
'"S S I e 1 L A,
T7 T11A.T
It1C A FAIL u.',r'1s' IN 'T11,17 XYG FQUIP-
z .>, t }} ryry'a4,ICH gqC011D T. +~+ULT IN T `;;. PIL
4_ ;' {IS"I "PPR t
sense, and to forget propa.
Banda. Such an attitude
would have permitted the,
conference to proceed. Mia
Khrushchev was left in nit!
doubt by me that his ultil
matum would never be acR
ceptable to the United States.
Mr. Khrushchev brushed;
aside all arguments of reason,.
and not only insisted upon,
this ultimatum but also In-
sisted that he was going to
publish his'statement in full at.
the time of his own choosing;;
It -was . thus made apparent
that he was determined to
wreck the Paris conference;
In fact, the only conclusion,
that can be drawn from his`
behavior this morning wag!
that he came all the way,
from, Moscow to Paris with
the -sole intention o~ b +'
if' and- the : In spite of" this serious anti
reatemn- ad
d
verse
evelopment, I have
alt _planning' in ltd 'i tentipn whatsoever to
~ suss w Tws splines to the remainder
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ilable
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I~~~rushchev's Blast,
Eise~ihower's Reply
PARIS, May 16 (AP).-Following are complete texts of
the statements #o"ZCa3~~y Premier Khrushchev, at the summit
conference, and by President Eisenhower, after and during.
the meeting; ,
Khrushchev --
President de Gaulle; Prime
Minister Macmillan, Presi-
dent Eisenhower, permit me
to address you with the fol-
lowing statement.
A provocative act, is known
to have been committed reT
Gently with regard to the
Soviet Union by the Ameri-
can Air Force. It consisted in
the fact that on May 1 a
United States military recon-
naissance aircraft invaded
the Soviet Union while ex-
ecuting a specifle espionage
mission to obtain information
on military and industrial
installations on the territory
of the U. S. S. R. Aft2r the
aggressive purpose of its
flight became known the air-
craft was shot down by units
of the Soviet rocket troops,
Unfortunately,- this was not
the only case of aggressive
and espionage actions by the
United States Air Force
against the Soviet Union.
`Treacherous' Acts
Naturally, the Soviet gov-
ernment was compelled to
give appropriate qualification
to these acts and show up
their treacherous nature,
which is incompatible with
the elementary requirements
of the maintenance of nor-
mal relations between. states
in times of peace, not to
speak of it being in gross
contradiction with the task
of lessening international
tension and creating the
necessary conditions for the
fruitful work of the summit
Continued on page 3, column 3
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I~hrushchev Statement
(Continue? ,~?om pope one)
rnfer?ence. This was done
nth in my speeches at the
~ssion of the Supreme So-
iet of the U. S. S. R. and
n a special note of protest
gent to the United States
government.
At first the United States
State Department launched
the ridiculous version that
the American plane had vio-
lated the borders of the U. S.
S. R. by accident and had no
espionage or sabotage assign-
ments. Wher. irrefutable facts
clearly proved the falsity of
this version the United States
State Department on May 7
and then the Secretary of
State on May 9 stated on be-
half of the United States gov-
ernment that American air-
craft made incursions into
the Soviet Union with mili-
tary espionage aims in ac-
cordance with a program in-
dorsed by the United States
government and by the Presi-
dent personally, Two days
later President Eisenhower
himself confirmed that exe-
cution of flights of American
aircraft over the territory of
the Soviet Union had been
and remained the calculated
policy of the United States.
The same was declared by
the United States government
in a note to the Soviet gov-
ernment on May 12. Thereby
the United States government
is crudely flouting the uni-
versally accented standards
of international law and the
lofty principles of the United
Nations charter under which
stands the signature of the
United States of America also.
Soviets Indignant
The Soviet government and
the entire people of the
Soviet Union met these dec-
larations of leading states-
men of the U. S. A., with
indignation, as did every
honest man and woman in
the world who displaYS con-
eern far the destinies of peace.
1^^, a! a 1!;71 ti?llf`Il tl'.,~.
leaders of the governments
of the four powers are arriv-
ing in Paris to take part in
the conference, the question
arises of how is it possible to
productively negotiate and
examine the questions con-
fronting the conference when
the United States govern-
ment and the President him-
self have not only failed to
condemn this plrovocative act
~ -the intrusion of the Ameri-
i can military aircraft into the
Soviet Union -but, on the
contrary, have declared that
such actions will continue to
be a state policy of the U. S. A.
with regard to the Soviet
Union. How can agreement be
sought on the various issues
which require a settlement
with the purpose of easing
the tension and removing sus-
picion and mistrust among
states, when the government
of one of the great powers
declares bluntly that its policy
is intrusion into the territory
of another great power with
espionage and sabotage pur-
poses and, consequently, the
heightening of tension in re-
lations among states?
It is cleat that the declara-
tion of such a policy, which
can be pursued only when
states are in a state of war,
dooms the summit conference
to complete failure in ad-
vance.
We, naturally, take note of
the declaration by the United
States government of such a
policy and state that in the
event of a repeated intrusion
by American aircraft into the
Soviet Union we shall shoot
these planes down.
The Soviet government re-
serves the right in all such
cases to take the appropriate
retaliatory measures against
those who violate the state
sovereignty of the U. S. S. R.
and engage in such espionage
a: sabotage regarding the
SL Net Union. The U. S. S. R.
government reiterates that
with regard to those states
that by making their terri-
tory available for American
military bases become accom-
plices in aggressive actions
against the U. S. S. R., the
appropriate measure will also
be taken, noa excluding m
blow against these bases.
In this connection it is im-
possible to ignore the state-
ment by President Eisenhower
to the effect that under the
threat of a peace treaty with
the G. D. R: (East Germany)
he could not take part in the
summit conference, though
what he called a threat was
merely the declaration by the
Soviet government of its firm
resolve to do away with the
vestiges of war in Europe and
conclude a peace, and thus to
bring the situation-particu-
larly in West Berlin-in line
with the requirements of life
and the interests of ensuring
the peace and security of the
European nations.
Charges U. S. Threat
Ilow then can the Soviet
government take part in ne-
gotiations under conditions
of an actual threat emanat-
ing from the United States
government which declared
that it would continue to vio-
late the U. S. S. R. borders
and that American aircraft
had flown and would continue
to fly over the Soviet Union's
territory? The United States
government has thereby de-
clared its intention to con-
tinue unheard-of and un-
precedented actions directed
against the sovereignty of the
Soviet state which constitutes
a sacred and immutable prin-
ciple in international rela-
tions.
From alI this it follows that
for the success of the con-
ference it is necessary that
the governments of all the
powers represented at it pur-
sue an overt and honest
policy r.nd solemnly declare
that they will not undertake
any actions against one
another which amount to
violation of the sovereignty of
the powers.
This means that if the
United States government is
really ready to co-operate
with the governments of the
other rowers in the interests
of maintaining peace and
strengthening confidence be-
tween states it must, firstly,
condemn the inadmissible
provocative actions of the
United States Air Force with
regard to the Soviet Union
and, secondly, refrain from
continuing such actions and
such a policy against the
U. S. S. R. in the future.
Strict Account
It goes without saying- that
in this case the United States
government cannot fail to
call to strict account those
who ar?e directly guilty of the
deliberate violation by Amer-
ican aircraft of the state
borders of the U. S. S. R.
Until this is done by the
United States government
the Soviet government sees
no possibility for productive
negotiations with the United
States government at the
summit conference. It can-
not be among the partici-
pants in negotiations where
one of them has made treach-
ery the basis of his policy
with regard to the Soviet
Union.
If under the obtaining con-
ditions the Soviet govern-
ment were to participate in
negotiations clearly doomed
to failure it would thereby be-
come aparty to the decep-
tion of the nations, which it
has no intention of becoming,
Sets Conditions
It stands to reason that if
the U. S. government were
to declare that in future
the United States will not
violate the state borders of
the U. S. S. R. with its air-
craft, that it deplores the pro-
v ,ative actions undertaken
nd~ d~ta~ 1
iri the past, and wiH~provedt~'bis ~el~-LUU-~4l't~$t13
President Eisenhower getting out. of car on arrival
at Elysee Palaceycsterday for suurrnit tall~s.
those directly guilty of such
actions, which woula assure
the Soviet Union equal condi-
tions with other powers, I. as
head of the Soviet govern-
ment, would be ready to par-
ticipate in the conference and
exert all efforts to contribute
to its success.
As a result of the provoca-
tive flights of American mili-
tary aircraft and, above all, as
a result of such provocative
flights being declared the na-
tional policy of the United
States of America for the fu-
ture with regard to the so-
cialist countries, new condi-
tions have appeared in inter-
national relationships.
Charges Aggression
Naturally, under such con-
ditions we cannot work at the
conference. We cannot be-
cause we see the positions
from which it is intended to
talk yith us: under the thr?ea t
of aggressive reconnaissance
flights. Espionage flights are
known to be undertaken with
reconnaissance purposes with
the object of starting a war.
We therefore reject the condi-
tions which the United States
of America is creating for us.
We cannot participate in any
negotiations and in the solu-
tion of even those questions
which have already matured.
We cannot because we see
that the United States has no
desire to reach a settlement.
It is considered to be a
leader in the Western coun-
tries. Therefore the confer-
ence would at present be a
useless waste of time and a
deception of the public
opinion of all countries. I re-
peat, we cannot under the ob-
taining situation take part in
the negotiations.
We want to participate in
the talks only on an equal
footing, with equal oppor-
tunities for both one and the
other side.
Wants To lie Understood
We consider it necessary for
the peoples of all countries of
the world to understand us
correctly. The Soviet Union is
not renouncing efforts to
achieve agreement. And we
are sure that reasonable
agreements are possible, but,
evidently, not at this but-at
another time.
For this, however, it is ne-
cessary first of all that the
United States admits that the
provocative policy it declared
to be by a policy of "unre-
jects it and admits that it has
committed aggression, admits
that it regrets it.
The Soviet government is
deeply convinced that if not
this government of the
United States then another,
if not another then the next
one, would understand that
there is no other way out but
the peaceful co-existence of
two systems, capitalist and
socialist; either peaceful co-
existence or war, which will
result in a disaster for arose
u?ho are pursuing an aggres-
sive policy.
Wants Time to Elapse
Therefore, we think that
some time should be allowed
to elapse so that the ques-
tions that have arisen should
settle and sa that those re-
sponsible for the determining
of policies of a country would
analyze what kind of respon-
sibility they placed upon
themselves, having declared
an aggressive course in their
relations with the Soviet
Union and other socialist
countries. Therefore we would
think that there is no better
way out than to postpone the
conference of the heads of
government far approximate-
ly six to eight months.
The Soviet Union on its
part will not lessen its efforts
to reach an agreement. I
think that public opinion will
correctly understand our
position, will understand that
we were deprived of the pos-
sibility to participate in these
negotiations.
"Peacefnl Co-existence"
However, we firmly believe
in the necessity of peaceful
co-existence because to lose
faith in peaceful co-existence
would mean to doom man-
kind to war, would mean to
agree with the inevitability
of wars, and under the cir-
cumstances it is known what
disasters would be hr?ought
by a war to all nations on our
planet.
I wish to address the peo-
ple of the United States of
America. I was in the U. S .A.
and met there with various
sections of the American peo-
ple and I am deeply con-
vinced that all the strata of
the American people do not
want war. An exception con-
stitutes but a small frantic
group in the Pentagon and
supporting it are militarist
quarters which benefit from
the armaments race, gaining
huge -",yfits, which disregard
~
,
hw
t-Glri~`=9~~6(~'0 N~@BQ74~~$~' and hospi-
people and in general the in-
terests of the peoples of all
countries, and which pursue
an adventurous policy.
We express gratitude to
President de Gaulle for the
hospitality and for rendering
us the possibility to meet in
Paris, the capital of F'r?ance.
We also appreciate the ef-
forts of the government of
Great Britain and of Prime
Minister Macmillan person-
ally.
We regret that this meet-
ing has been torpedoed by
the reactionary circles of the
United States of America by
provocative flights of Amer-
ican military planes over the
Soviet Union.
tality toward the high guest
representing the great power
with which we sincerely want
to live in peace and friend-
ship.
I believe that both Presi-
dent Eisenhower and the
American people will under-
stand me correctly.
The Soviet government
states that on its part it will
continue to do its utmost to
facilitate the relaxation of in-
ternational tension, to fa-
cilitate the solution of prob-
lems that still divide us today
in that we shall be guided by
the interests of strengthening
the great cause of peace on
the basis of peaceful coexis-
tence of states with different
t>
the results expected b9 all
rations of the world..
Let the disgrace and re-
sponsibility for this rest with
those who have proclaimed a
bandit policy toward the So-
viet Union.
Exchange of Visits
As is known, President
Eisenhower and I have agreed
to exchange visits. Last Sep-
tember Imade such a visit
to the U. S. A. We were
greatly gratified by that visit.
the meetings and talks we
had in the United States, and
for all this we expressed ap-
preciation.
The President of the
U. S. A. was to make a return
visit to our country. Our
agreement was that he would
come to us on June 10. And
we were being prepared to
accord a good welcome to the
high guest.
Unfortunately, as a result
of provocative and aggressive
actions against the U. S. S. R.
there have been created now
such conditions when we
have been deprived of a pos-
sibility to receive the Presi-
dent with proper cordiality
with which the Soviet people
receive welcome guests. At
present we cannot express
such cordiality to the Presi-
dent of the U. S. A. since as
the result of provocative
flights of American military
planes for reconnaissance
purposes there are created
conditions clearly unfavor-
able far this visit. The Soviet
people cannot and do not
want to be sly.
Ask Postponement
That is why we believe that
at present the visit of the
President of the U. S. A, to
the Soviet Union should be
postponed and agreement
should be reached as to the
time of the visit when the
condition for the visit would
mature. Then the Soviet
people ?will be able to express
 Approved For Release 2004/05/13 :CIA-RDP90TOQ782R?001,0007000
E~enshower -- ,
Having been informed yes-
terday by Gen. de Gaulle and
Prime Minister Macmillan of
the position which Mr. Khru-
shchev has taken in regard
to this conference .during
his calls yesterday morning
on them, I gave most careful
thought as to how this mat-
ter should best be handled.
Having in mind the great
importance, it was best to
see if at today's private
meeting any possibility ex-
isted.through the exercise of
reason and restraint to dis-
pose of this matter of over-
flights, which would have
permitted the conference to
go forward.
Backed by Allies
I was under no illusion as
to the probability of suc-
cess of e,ny such approach,
but I felt that in view of the
great responsibility resting on
me as President of the United
States this effort should be
made.
In .-,this I received the
strongest support of my col-
leagues, President de Gaulle
and Prime Minister Mac-
millan. Accordingly, at this
morning's private session, de-
spite the violence and inac-
curacy of Mr. Khrushchev's
statements, I replied to him
on the following terms:
"I had previously been in-
formed of the sense of the
statement just read by Pre-
mier Khrushchev.
No Aggressi~~e Intent
"In my statement of May
~11 and in the statement of
Secretary Herter of May 9,
the position of the United
States was made clear with
respect- to the distasteful
necessity of espionage ac-
tivities in a world where na-
tions distrust each other's in-
tentions. We pointed out that
these activities had no ag-
gressive intent but' rather
-were to assure the safety of
the United States and the,
free world against surprise at-
tack by a power which boasts
of its ability to devastate
ate the United Staes and other
countries by missiles armed
with atomic war heads. As
is well known, not .only the
United States but most other
countries are constantly the
Continued on gaffe 3, column I
Eisenhower Staten~en~
(Continued from gage one)
targets of elaborate and per-
sistent espionage of the
Soviet Union.
"There is in the Soviet
statement an evident misap-
prehension on' one key point.
~, It alleges that the United
States has, through official
statements, threatened con-
' tinned overflights. The im-
portance of this alleged threat
'. was emphasized and repeated
by Mr. Khrushchev. -The
United States has made no
.~ such threat. Neither I nor my
~ government has intended any.
The actual statements go no
further than to say that the
United States will not shirk
its responsibility to safeguard
against surprise attack.
Flights Suspended
''In point of fact, these
flights were suspended after
the recent incident and are
not to be resumed: AccordinS-
tj ly> this cannot be the issue.
"]" have come to Paris to
viet Union which would elimi-
nate the necessity for- all
forms of espionage, including
overflights. I see no reason to
use this incident to disrupt
the conference.
"Should it prove impossible,
because of the Soviet attitude,
to come to Brips here in Paris
with this problem and the
other vital issues threatening
world peace, I am planning in
the near future~to submit to
the United Nations a proposal
for the creation of a United
Nations aerial- surveillance to
to detect preparations for at-
tack. This plan I had intend-
ed to place before this
conference. This surveillance
system would operate in the
territories of all nations pre-
pared to accept such inspec-
tion.
U. S.Would Submit `
"For its part; the United
States is prepared not only to
accept United Nations aerial
surveillance, but to do every-
thing in its power to contrib-
ute to the rapid organization
and successful operation of
such international surveil-
lance.
"We of the United States are
here to consider izi good faith
the important problems be-
fore this c6~ference. We are
prepared either to carry this
point no further, or to under-
take bilateral conversations
between the United States
and the U. S. S. R. while the
main'eonference proceeds."
My words were seconded
and supported by my Western
colleagues, who also urged
Mr. Khrushchev to pursue
the path of reason and
common sense and to forget
propaganda. Such an attitude
would ~ d~ave permitted the
conference 'to " groceed. M t?.
Khrushchev was left in no
doubt by me that his
ultimatum would never be
acceptable to the United
States.
To Continue Peace
Mr. Khrushchev brushed
aside all arguments of reason
and not only insisted upon
this ultimatum, but also
insisted that he was going
to publish his statement in
full at the tirie of his own
choosing.
It was thus made apparent
that he was determined t,o
wreck the Paris conference.
In .fact, the only conclu-
sion that can be drawn from
his behavior this morning
was that ' he came all the
way from Moscow to Paris
with the sole intention of
sabotaging this meeting on
which so much of the hopes
of the world have rested.
In spite of this serious
and adverse development,
I have no intention what-
soever to diminish my con-
tinuing efforts to promote
progress toward a peace with
justice. This applies to the
remainder of my stay 'in
Paris as well as thereafter.
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 Approved For Release 2004/05/13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100070001-6
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