SPECIAL SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE HEARING ON S. 2714

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP75B00380R000800020003-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 17
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 27, 2001
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: December 4, 1973
• Content Type: REGULATION

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rte
[II.A.S.C. No. 93-30]
SPECIAL SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE HEARIITG ON S. 2714
TO AMEND SECTION 291(b) OF THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
AGENCY RETIREMENT ACT OF 1964 FOR CERTAIN EMPLOYEES,
RELATING TO COST-OF-LIVING INCREASES, AND TO INCREASE
THE PAY AND ALLOWANCES OF CERTAIN OFFICERS OF THE
ARMED FORCES WHOSE PAY AND ALLOWANCES ARE NOT SUB-
JECT TO ADJUSTMENT TO REFLECT CHANGES IN THE CONSUMER
PRICE INDEX
IIOusE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES,
SPECIAL SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE,
14 ashington, D.C., Tuesday, December 4, 1978.
The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:12 o'clock a.m.,
in room 2337, Rayburn House Office Building, IIon: Lucien N. Nedzi
(chairman of the subcommittee) presiding.
Mr. NEDZI. The subcommittee will come to order. -
This morning we are meeting for the purpose of bolding a, heRring on
S. 2714, which is .a bill to amend section 291(b) of the CIA Retirement
Act of 1964 for certain employees.
[S. 2714 and related documents follow:]
IS. 2714, 93d Cong., 1st sess.]
A BILL To amend section 291(b) of the Central Intelligence Agency Itetirenrent Act of 1964 for Certain
Employees, relating to cost: of-living increases, and to increase the pay and allowances of certain officers
of the Armed Forces whose pay and allowances are not subject to adjustment to reflect changes in the
- Consumer Price Index
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress aseinbled, That (a) section 291(b) of the Central Intelligence
Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees, as amended (78 Stat.
1043; 50 U.S.C. 403 note) is further amended-
(1) by renumbering paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) as paragraphs (2), (3), and
(4), respectively; and
(2) by inserting the following new paragraph (1):
"(1) An annuity (except a discontinued service benefit under section 234(a))
which-
"(i) is'payable from the fund to a participant who retires, or to the widow
or widower of a deceased participant; and
"(ii) has a commencing date after the effective.dat:e of the then last pre-
ceding annuity increase under section 291(a) ;
shall not be less than the annuity which would have been payable if the com-
mencing date of such annuity had been the effective date of the then last preceding
annuity increase under section 291(a). In the administration of this paragraph, a
participant or deceased participant shall be deemed, for the purposes of section
221(h), to have to his credit, on the effective date of the then last preceding an-
nuity increase under section 291 (a), a number of days of unused sick leave equal
to the number of days of unused sick leave to his credit on the date of his separa-
tion from the Agency.".
(b) The amendments made by sub:;ection (a) shall apply only with respect
to annuities which commence on or after July 2, 1973.
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SEc. 2. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, effective on the date
of enactment of this Act, the pay and allowances of members of the Armed Forces
to whom this Act applies shall be increased to amounts equal to the amounts such
pay and allowances would have been increased if the pay and allowances of such
members had been increased, under section 1401a(b) of title 10, United States
Code, by the same percentage rates, consecutively compounded, that the retired
pay or retainer pay of members and former members of the Armed Forces en-
titled to retired pay or retainer pay since October 1, 1967, has been increased, and
such member shall, on and after the date of enactment of this Act, have his pay
and allowances increased effective the same day and by the same percentage rate
that the retired pay or retainer pay of members and former members of the Armed
Forces is increased under such section 1401a(b).
(b) This section applies to members of the Armed Forces entitled to pay and
allowances under either of the following provisions of law:
(1) The Act of June 26, 1948, chapter 677 (62 Stat. 1052).
(2) The Act of September 18, 1950, chapter 952 (64 Stat. A224).
(c) No amounts shall be paid, as the result of the enactment of this section, for
any period prior to the date of enactment of this section.
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY,
Washington, D.C., November 5, 1973.
Speaker of the House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR Mn. SPEAKER: This letter transmits for the consideration of the Congress
a draft bill I to amend the Central Intelligence Agency Reitrement Act of 1964
for Certain Employees, as amended.
The proposed legislation conforms the Central Intelligence Agency Rettrement
Act to changes approved in Public Law 93-136 for the Civil Service retirement
system by guaranteeing to a retiree or his survivor a minimum annuity equal to
what would have been payable had the retiree been eligible for the most recent
cost of living adjustment of annuity. The effective date of the proposed legislation
is identical to that approved in Public Law 93-136.
A number of key features in the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act,
including the cost of living adjustment provision, are based upon Civil Service
retirement provisions. Enactment of the proposed legislation will assure that the
Central Intelligence Agency retirement system remains in line with the Civil
Service system in this important area.
We would appreciate early and favorable consideration of the proposed bill.
The Office of Management and Budget has advised that there is no objection to
presenting the proposed bill to the Congress from the standpoint of the Adminis-
tration's program.
Sincerely,
GENERAL COUNSEL OF TIIE DEPARTMENT of DEFENSE,
lion. F. EnwAIW IIEBERT, Washington, D.C., November 30, 1973.
Chairman, Committee on Armed Services,
House of Representatives, Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: In accordance with your request, the provisions of
section 2 of S. 2714, a bill "To amend section 291 (b) of the Central Intelligence
Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees, relating to cost-of-living
increases, and to increase the pay and allowances of certain officers of the Armed
Forces whose pay and allowances are not subject to adjustment to reflect changes
in the Consumer Price Index," have been reviewed.
Under the bill, the monthly compensation being received by General Omar
Bradley, United States Army, and General Carl Spaatz, United States Air
Force-Retired, would be increased by approximately 39 percent. The percentage
increase proposed equals the cumulative percentage increase in the retired pay
of persons continuously on the retired rolls since October 1, 1967, which was the
last time that the compensation being received by General Bradley and General
Spaatz was increased. In addition, the bill would provide that in the future the
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percentage increases in retired pay authorized under 10, U.S.C., 1401a(b) would
be applicable to the compensation payable to there officers.
General Bradley and General Spaatz are the two survivors of a select group of
officers for whom the Congress enacted special legislation in recognition of their
great contributions to the allied victory in World War II. Initially these officers
were authorized to continue to receive the same pay and allowances whether on
the active list or on the retired list, as authorized for officers on the active list in
the grade of general. However, Public Law 85-422, effective June 1, 1058, provided
that thereafter, the category of officers in question would be entitled to receive
the pay and allowances to which they were entitled on the day before the effective
date of that Public Law.
Since 1958, General Bradley and General Spaatz have received two increases
in their compensation. Public Law 89-501 increased their compensation by 3.2
percent effective July 1, 1966; Public Law 90-207 increased their compensation
by 4.5 percent, effective October 1, 1967. They have received no increase in their
compensation since 1967. In the period from 1967 through July 1973 there have
been cumulative increases in military retired pay of more than 39 percent.
Section 2 of S. 2714 provides for appropriate and timely adjustments in the
compensation to which these distinguished officers are entitled. The Department
of Defense strongly supports this proposal and urges its early enactment.
The Office of strongly and Budget advises that, from the standpoint of
the Administration's program, there is no objection to the presentation of this
:report for the consideration of the Committee.
Sincerely,
L. Niim mnuiixun,
Acting General Counsel.
The following named officers were permanent appointees as General of the
Army, and Fleet Admiral under the Act of March 23, 1946 (60 Stat. 59).
Douglas MacArthur Ernest J. King
Dwight D. Eisenhower Chester W. Nimitz
Henry II. Arnold William Halsey
George C. Marshall William D. Leahy
That Act provided that such officers would be entitled to receive the same pay
and allowance in retirement that they were entitled to receive on active duty.
The Act of December 14, 1944 provided that officers in the grade of General of
the Army or Fleet Admiral were entitled to the base pay of a rear admiral (upper
half) plus a $5,000 per year personal money allowance.
Under the Act of June 28, 1948 officers of the Regular Army or Regular Air
Force appointed in the permanent grade of General of the Army under the. Act
of March 23, 1946 were exempted from mandatory retirement because of age.
Under authority of the Act of June 26, 1948 General Bradley and General
Spaatz were appointed to the permanent grade of general and were authorized
whether on active duty or in retirement, to receive the same pay and allowances
as was authorized for officers on active duty in the grade of general.
Under authority of the Act of September 18, 1950 General Bradley was ap-
pointed to the permanent grade of General of the Army and was authorized to
receive the same pay and allowances and other benefits authorized for officers
appointed to that grade under authority of the Act of March 23, 1946. (Base
pay and allowances of rear admiral (upper half) plus $5,000 personal money
allowance whether on active duty or in retirement and exemption from retirement
for age.)
Under the authority of Act of June 28, 1948 and the Act of September 18,
1950, General Bradley continued on the active list of the Army and until June 1,
1958 received the base pay and quarters and subsistence allowances of an officer
in the grade of rear admiral (upper half) and a personal money allowance of
$5,000 annually.
Under the authority of the Act of June 26, 1948 and until June 1, 1958, General
Spaatz who retired in 1948 continued to receive in retirement the base pay, and
the quarters and subsistence allowance authorized for an officer in the grade of
general (pay and allowances for officer in pay grade 0-8) plus a $2,200 personal
money allowance. Beginning on April 1, 1955 General Spaatz, as an officer in
grade of general, received an additional $200 per month under the authority of
201(e) of the Career Compensation Act of 1949 as added by Public Law 84-20,
approved March 31, 1955.
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Under the provisions of Section 7(a) of Public Law 85-422, approved May 20,
1058, the pay and allowances being received by officers in the category of General
Bradley and General Spaatz were "frozen" at the amounts being received on
May 31, 1958.
Under specific authority contained in Section 302 of Public Law 89-501 (effec-
tive July 1, 1966) and Section 5 of Public Law 90-207 (effective October 1, 1967)
increases of 3.2 percent and 4.5 percent were authorized for officers in these
categories.
No increases have been authorized for such officers since that date.
Under S. 2714, General Bradley and General Spaatz will be entitled to an
increase in their pay equal to the percentage increases in retired pay authorized for
persons on the military retired rolls since October 1, 1967. Those increases are as
follows:
Apr. 1, 1968-------------------------------------------------------
3.9
Feb. 1, 1969------------------------------------------------------
4.0
Nov. 1,
1969 ------------------------------------------------------
.5.3
Aug. 1,
1970-------------------------------------------------------
5.6
June 1,
1.971----------------------------------------------- -------
4.5
July 1,1972------------------------------------------------------
4.8
July 1, 1973------------------------------------------------------
6.1
hereafter these officers will be entitled to an automatic increase in their pay at
the same time and of the same percent as persons on the military retired rolls.
Compensation being received by General Bradley, Spaatz:
Bradley: I
Basic pay-------------------------------------------------
$1, 160. 84
Personal money allowance_________________________________
449.35
Subsistence------------------------------------------------
51.63
Quarters allowance-----------------------------------------
184.41
Total--------------------------------------------------
1,546.23
Spaatz:2
Basic pay-------------------------------------------------
1,376.:12
Personal money allowance----------------------------------
197.71
Subsistence-----------------------------------------------
51.63
Quarters allowance- --- -----------------------------------
184. 41
Total --------------------------------------?-------------
1,810.27
1 General Bradley is receiving the basic pay, and the quarters and subsistence allowance authorized for
an officer in pay grado 0-8, tinder the law in effect on May 31, 1958, increased by 3.2% in 1066 aad 4.5;x,
in 1967, plus an annual personal lu(laey allowance, which originally was $5,000 but was also increased by
3.2%ht1:916and4.5%in 1167.
2 General Spaatz is receiving the basin pay, and the quarters and subsistence allowance authorized for
an officer in. the grade of general under the law in effect on May 31, 1068, increased by 3.2% in 1966 and 4.19%
in 1067. plus the annual personal money allowance authorized for an officer in the grade of genes at on Way 31,
1058 (62,200) increased by 3.2% In 1966 and 4.570 in 1067.
Mr. NEDZI. We have as our first witness, Mr. Robert Wattles,
Acting Deputy Director for Management and Services, of the Central
Intelligence Agency,
Mr. Wattles, you have a statement you would like to make?
Mr. WATTLES. I do, sir.
Mr. NEDZi. Please proceed.
STATEMENT OF ROBERT WATTLES, ACTING DEPUTY DIRECTOR
FOR MANAGEMENT AND SERVICES, CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
AGENCY
Mr. WATTLES. Mr. Chairman, I appreciate this opportunity to
appear before your subcommittee to discuss S. 2714, which amends
the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for certain
employees.
In 1963, this committee approved a separate retirement system for
those of our people who are engaged in overseas operations and certain.
types of
employe
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5
i,)loved May 20,
egory of General
I -hug received on
k%W- 89-501 (et,ec-
ictober 1, 1967)
uificets in these
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5e entitled to an
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increases are as
3.9
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ise in their pay at
5- retired rolls.
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184. 41
1, 376.52
1
97
7
.
.
1
r-_____ 51.63
1.84.41
------ 1,810.27
dloivance authorized for
11. 3.2% in 1966 and 4.5%
7A was also increased by
allowanco authorized for
by 3.2% its 1006 and 4.6%
reds of gouoral on May 31,
Robert Wattles,
os of the Central
'RTY DIRECTOR
INTELLIGENCE
? opportunity to
t, which amends
1964 for certain
enlen.t system for
I Lions and certain
types of unique or hazardous duty. About one-third of our staff
employees are covered by the CIA Retirement Act and the .remaining
two-thirds are covered by the Civil Service Retirement System.
Since the CIA Retirement Act was based upon the Civil Service
Retirement Act in most major respects, this committee over the years
has favorably reported legislation which conforms our act to appli-
cable changes in the civil service system, including the provision
which provides for cost-of-living adjustments of annldities.
Public Law 93-136, just enacted, amended the cost-of-living
provision of the civil service retirement system to guarantee retirees
or survivors an annuity no less than what would have been paid
had the individual been eligible to receive the last cost-of-living
increase. Previously, one had to be on the retirement rolls before the
effective date of a cost-of-living increase in order to be eligible for
the increase.
Under the old civil. service provision and the current CIA pro-
vision, large numbers of employees retired immediately prior to the
effective datc of a cost-of-living increase in order to be eligible for
the increase. These peaked retirements created an administrative
burden and upset, work requirements.
The change in the civil service law should spread out retirements
over a more normal period since an employee can remain on duty
without suffering a reduction in the amount of annuity lie will be
receiving. The change also corrects an anomaly whereby an employee
or a survivor who goes on to the retirement rolls after a cost-el-living
increase receives a smaller annuity than an employee retiring sooner,
even though the former annuity is calculated with more service it
higher base salary. Agency employees who are under the civil service
system will benefit from Public Law 93-136. We feel that the same
benefits should be extended to employees under the CIA Retirement
Act.
Public Law 93-136 was made retroactive to include the last cost-
of-living increase effective July 1, 1973, and covers all those who retire
on or after July 2. Since July 1, 1973, 24 employees have retired under
the CIA Retirement Act and the survivors of seven employees who
died in service have been added to the retirement rolls. None may
receive any benefits from the July 1, 1973, cost-of-living increase
without a change in the law.
May I also add that there will be another cost-of-living increase
on January 1, 1974. Those employees under the Agency system who
planned to retire in early 1974 must now retire no later than
December 31, 1973, to receive the benefit of the January 1, 1974,
increase.
Peaked retirements prompted by cost-of-living increases under the
CIA Retirement Act do not impose upon. the Agency the same heavy
administrative burden experienced by the Civil Service Commission
under the Civil Service retirement system. However, projected work
requirements are affected and personnel adjustments must be made
with little notice. S. 2714 should ameliorate all of these problems.
The costs of this legislation will be borne out of the Central Intelli-
gence Agency Retirement and Disability Fund. The impact on the
Fund will be relatively minor. The Civil Service Commission in its
report to the Post Office and Civil Service Committees noted that
employees may delay their retirement for a few months and pay
more money into the retirement fund. On the other hand, to the extent
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that they receive some benefit from the last cost-of-living increase,
more money is paid out of the fund. Taking into account the last
cost-of-living increase of July 1, 1973, 6.1 percent, and the expected
increase on January 1, 1974, figured now to be 5.5 percent., it is esti-
mated, that the increase in the CIA Retirement Act's unfunded lia-
bility would be about $135,000.
It, is hoped that the committee will give favorable consideration to
S. 2714 as soon as possible in view of the impending cost-of-living
increase due on January 1, 1974. If this bill is enacted, not only wilt
retirees and employees under the CIA Retirement Act receive the
same benefits now afforded to CIA retirees and employees under the
Civil Service System, but retirement planning will no longer be subject
to the extraneous consideration of eligibility for a cost-of-living
adjustment, as now exists under current law.
Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I will be glad to answer any questions.
Mr. NEDZI. Thank you, Mr. Wattles. The Chair has one question.
Could you tell us why this provision was placed in the law in the
first place?
Mr. WATTLES. The provision now in the Civil Service law, sir?
Mr. NEDZI. The provision now in the CIA retirement law and for-
merly in the Civil Service law? I understand that provision was
-clianged.
Mr. WATTLES. It was not originally in either of the two laws.
Mr. NEDZI. It was changed in Public Law 93-136?
b'Ir. WATTLES. It was originally not in either of the two laws and it
was placed in the Civil Service law because the Commission found it
was the experience of all agencies in Government covered under the
Civil Service system that, in anticipation cf a cost-of-living increase
in annuity, there were great lumps of employees leaving abruptly.
For example, if there was one announced for the 1st of March,
February would see large numbers of employees leaving at once,
leaving in anticipation of enjoying the increase in the cost of annuity
which that cost-of-living formula then provided. The Civil.Service
Commission and the administration sought. to relieve that peak and
valley pattern of retirements by the revision which permitted a retiree
to reach back, as it were, and enjoy no less than the benefit he would
have received had he retired prior to the cost-of-living adjustment.
What we are asking today is merely that the CIA Act be brought
into essential conformance with that Civil Service provision.
Mr. NEDZI. Mr. Bray, any questions?
Mr. BRAY. This is merely making the change that is already niade
in the general Civil Service retirement law?
Mr. TATTLES. That is right, sir.
hlr. BIIAY. Thank you.
Mr. NEDZI. Mr. Price?
Mr. MELVIN PRICE. Mr. Wattles, this custom of the cost-of-living
increase attached to the pension has been a custom now for the past
half a dozen years or more. Up until this time, has any effort been
made to bring the legislation up like this to get action on it?
lIr. WATTLES. The change made in the Civil Service law I believe
was effective only last Spring.
AI. MELVIN PRICE. Just Mast spring. I remember that.
Mr. WATTLES. Up until that time, the Civil Service law and our
own Retirement Act were similar in that the retirements al.l were
prospective with regard to the next cost-of-living increase. But as I
was Saying, this gc
pattern. It was the
that out by granti
worse than it woul,
previous COL.
Mr. MELVIN PR
a considerable disa
Mr. WATTLES. j'
Mr. MELVIN Pr
have been?
Mr. WATTLES. rl
Mr. MELVIN PR
Mr. NEDZI. Any
Mr. WATTLES. I
October 24, 1973,
Mr. MELVIN P:
people who had to
after this date?
Mr. WATTLES.
MVlr. SLATINSIIEIi
Could.you state
with any advanta
retirees? In other
ing amendment an
or not there is any
tage over civil ser'
Mr. WATTLES.
Mr. NEDZI. Tlu
Mr. WATTLES. '
Mr. NEDZI. Ow
ant Director, Cot
Manpower and Ri
Mr. Spence, I t
bill, which relates
Mr..SPENCE. Y
Mr. NEDZI. Yo
Mr. SPENCE. Y
Mr. NEDZI. Yo
STATEMENT OF I
SATION ADMIN
DEFENSE
Mr. SPENCE. 1
appreciate the of
behalf of the Del,
2 of S. 2714.
The purpose of
increase in the c,
Bradley, U.S. A
retired, based on
pensation was la
increases in that
the same percent
retired rolls.
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J_, y increase,
lilt the last
!IV expected
it is csti-
ifunded lia-
deration to
ost-of-living
.ot only will
receive the
under the
'r be subject
ost-of-living
questions.
ie question,
e law in the
sir?
law and for-
?ovision was
,vo laws.
laws and it
;ion found it
d under the
ing increase
;abruptly.
dt of March,
lag at once,
of annuity
Civil Service
iaat peak and
tted a retiree
efit he would
1justmeut.
t be brought
v isioii.
lready made
cost-of-living
v for the past
iy effort been
on it?
law I believe
t.
law and our
wilts all were
'use. But as I
7
was saying, this generate;l these peaks and valleys in the retirement
pattern. It was time Civil Service Commission's desire to try to smooth.
that out by granting, under this formula, an annuity which was no
worse than it would have been had the individual retired prior to the
previous COL.
Mr. MELVIN PRICE. Yes, but the CIA retiree certainly has been at
a considerable disadvantage with respect to the Civil Service retiree.
Mr. WATTLES. We W0111(11 c.
Mr. MELVIN PRICE. They have been; since the past spring they
have been?
Mr. WATTLES. That is right.
Mr. MELVIN PRICE. Thank you.
Mr. NEDZI. Any more questions?
Mr. WATTLES. I am reminded the civil service change is effective
October 24, 1973, which reaches back to the July COL increase.
Mr. MELVIN PRICE. It turned out to be quite an injustice for
people who had to retire. Some of yours were in the first 3 or 4 months
after this date?
Mr. WATTLES. That is right.
Mr. SLATINSIEK. One question, if I may, Mr. Chairman
Could you state for the record whether this provides your retirees
with any advantage of any kind over that provided civil service
retirees? In other words, you indicated earlier that this is a conform-
ing amendment and, for the record, I would like to ascertain whether
or not there is anything in here that would give your people an advan-
tage over civil service retirees?
Mr. WATTLES. Not in and of itself, sir.
Mr. NEDZI. Thank you very much, Mr. Wattles.
Mr. WATTLES. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. NEDZI. Our next witness is NIr. Leroy J. Spence, who is Assist-
ant Director, Compensation Administration, Office of Defense for
Manpower and Reserve Affairs.
Mr. Spence, I understand, will address himself to section 2 of the
bill, which relates to Generals Bradley and Spaatz.
Mr. SPENCE. Yes, sir.
Mr. NEDZI. You have a statement you wish to make?
Mr. SPENCE. Yes, Sir, I do.
Mr. NEDZI. You may proceed.
STATEMENT OF LEROY J. SPENCE, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, COMPEN.
SATION ADMINISTRATION, OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF
DEFENSE
Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, I
appreciate the opportunity of appearing before the committee on
behalf of the Department of Defense to testify in support of section
2 of S. 2714.
The purpose of this section is twofold. First, it will authorize an
increase in the compensation now being received by Gen. Omar
Bradley, U.S. Army, and Gen. Carl Spaatz, U.S. Air Force,
retired, based on the increase in the cost of living since their com-
pensation was last adjusted; second, it will provide for automatic
increases in that compensation in the future at the same time and by
the same percentage as is authorized for military personnel on the
retired rolls.
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This section will authorize, effective from the date of enactment of
the legi:;latiorn, an increase of approximately 39 percent in the com-
pensation being received by these distinguished officers. This would be
the first increase they have received since October 1, 1967. In the
period from October 1, 1967 through July 1, 1973, persons who were
on the military retired rolls have received cumulative increases in
retired pay of over 39 percent. This legislation will authorize an im-
mediate increase in the compensation of these officers equal to the
increases received by persons on the retired rolls during that period,
and will authorize future increases in their compensation under the
same conditions as are applicable to retired military personnel.
GeneralBradley and General Spaatz are the two living lnenibers of
it select group of officers for whom Congress enacted special laws
regarding their retirement-t.ype compensation and their status in
recognition of their great contribution to the Allied victory in World
War II. Those laws authorized these officers to continue to receive,
whether still on. the active list or in retirement:, the pay and allowances
authorized for officers of their grade in the active service. Until 1958,
whenever the pay and allowances for officers, on the active list were
increased, the compensation payable to this select group of officers
was similarly increased. However, the 1955 Military Pay Act, which
embodied a major structural revision of the military compensation
system, specifically provided that thereafter the officiers in question
would continue to receive the same pay and allowances to which they
were entitled before that Act was enacted.
Since that time, these officers have received two increases in their
compensation: a 3.2 percent increase effective from July 1, 1966, and
a 4.5 percent increase effective October 1, 1967.
With the rapid increase the cost of living since 1967, there has been it
major reducion in the purchasing; power of the compensation being
received by these officers.
It is the view of the Department of Defense that in simple justice to
these distinguished officers, they should receive at least the same
adjustment in their compensation as is authorized for persons on the
military retired rolls.
Section 2 of S. 2714 authorizes an initial percentage adjustment for
these officers equal to the percentage increases in retired pay for persons
on the retired rolls since 1967. Iii addition, the bill will authorize
future increases in that compensation whenever military retired pay
is increased. These increases will, in our judgment, provide for these
officers in it, fair and equitable manner.
General Bradley's compensation will initially increase from
$1,846.23 monthly to $2,577.58.
General Spaatz's compensation will initially increase from $1,81.0.27
monthly to $2,527.39.
Any additional costs resulting from this legislation will be absorbed
in the retired pay appropriation.
In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, the Department strongly favors this
increase in compensation for General Bradley and General Spaatz.
If you have any questions, sir, I will be happy to try to answer them.
Mr. NED%r. Thank you, Mr. Spence.
When was this special law concerning Generals Bradley and Spaatz
passed?
Mr. SPENL"E. The original law under which Generals Bradley and
Spaatz was initially appointed was in 1948. General Bradley was later
benefite
and bey,
hower,
War II.
Mr. T
Mr. S
Mr. T
receive
Mr.
receive,
allow-ant
in 1955,
4r. T+
Mr. S
Mr. S.
was not
allowanc
Mr. S:
Mr. Si
were riot
active di
Mr. Si
Mr. N
only : inc:
retirerrier
Mr. Si
specific i
3.2 and 4
Mr. N.
Mr.. Si
the cater
people on
in retired
For "exs
pay ?ind c
er?il S~aa
Mr. Ni
were equr
officers re
Mr. Si'
increases
than the
Mr. Nr
are receiv
general we
Mr. Srr
Actii a11)
equivalent
general, so
Mr. NE
Mr. Sri,
in their eit
Mr. ME
25-363
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blulctmelnt of
i in the com-
a liis would be
;1967. In the
ens Who were
increases in
I1olize an inl-
equal to the,
that period,
eon under the
'son lei.
xg. 1nelnbers of
special laws
heir status in
yt.ory in World
Lila to receive,
i11d. allowances
c. Until 1.958,
a;t,ive. list were
cup of officers
ay Act, which
j, cotn.pensatioll
}ers in question
to which they
i.reases in their
a1y 1, 1966, and
here has been a
eensation being
simple justice to
lleast the same
persons on the
e adjustment for
4 pay for persons
it will authorize
itary retired pay
)rovide e for these
'e from $1,810.27
will be absorbed
`r?ongly favors this
general Spaatz.
1' to answer them.
alley and Spaatz
'ends Bradley and
13radl.ey was later
benefited by a special law which gave hint the same rights, privileges
and benefits as had been accorded the five-star officers, General Eisen-
hower, MacArthur, and six other officers who served during World
War II.
Mr. NEDZI. Was General Spaatz accorded the same privilege?
Mr. SPENCE. No, sir; he was not.
Mr. NEI DZI. And that law provided that they were to continue to
receive their active duty pay?
Mr. SpENCE. That is right, sir. They were entitled. to continue to
receive, whether on active duty or in retirement, the same pay and
allowances that they were then receiving. This practice was terminated
in 1958, in the 1958 Military Pay Act.
Mr. NEDZI. With respect to Generals Bradley and Spaatz?
Mr. SPENCE. Yes, sir, and all others who were similarly situated.
Mr. SLATINSIILK. For purposes of clarifying the record, the practice
was not terminated in that they continue to receive the pay and
allowances, but they were frozen at that level?
Mr. SPENCE. That is right. That is much better stated.
Mr. SLATINSItEK. So pay and allowances were continued, but they
w re' not subject then to increases when there was it change in the
active duty pay structure?
Mr. SPENCE. That is right.
Mr. NEDZt. So that' since 1958, if l understand this, situation, the
only' ~ increases which both ' the generals received were increases in
retirement pay?' - .
Mr. SPENCE 'The increases that they received, Mr. Chairman; were
specific increases, specifically authorized by law in 1966 and 1967,
3.2 and 4.5 percent: . .1 I I 1. 1.
Mr. NEDZI. For them alone or for all retirees?
Mx SimiccE. This was applicable only to this category of officers,
the category?in which Generals Spaatz end Bradley were iti:?'The
people on the retired rolls were covered by the automatic adjustments
in retired pay based upon, increases in the cost of living.
For example, since 1967 there have beers seven increases in retired
pay, and during that period. of 'time neither General' Bradley nor Gen-
eral Spaatz received any increase in their pay
Mr. NEnzI. But prior to that-tire those two percentage increases
were equal to, were less than or were more than the pay which retired
officers received?
Mr: SPENCE. 'Between 1958' "and 1967, these officers received two
increases that I mentioned,' 3:2 and 4`.5, which were considerably less
than the increases applicable to persons their on the retired-rolls.
Mr. NEOZi. Now, if you take the present pay which both generals
are receiving, is it equal'to or less than, or more than what a retired
general would receive today?
Mr. SPENCE. It is less than 'a retired general .would receive today.
Actually the retired pay that they are receiving is approximately
equivalent to the retired pay currently being received by a brigadier
general, somewhere in that neighborhood. It is about $1,800 a niontil.
Mr. NEDZI. How old- are Generals Bradley and Spaats?
Mr. SpENCE. Sir, I do not know specifically, but I believe they are
in their eighties.
Mr. ME, LVIN PRICE. Bradley is 84, I would say, in that area.
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10
. [Note: General Bradley was born Feb. 12, 1593. General Spaatz
was born Juno 28, 1891.]
Mr. NEDZI. With this percentage increase, would this bring these
generals up to what retired generals are receiving today or would it
place them in a higher-paid category or lower-paid cate ory?
Mr. SPENCE. For an officer in pay grade 0-10 who has been retired
for several years, his retired pay currently is about $2,800 a month,
as compared to the $2,500 a month that these gentlemen would be
authorized under this legislation. So it would continue to be less than
for those people who were currently being retired, those now on the
retired rolls who are in the grade of general.
Mr. NEDZI. Do we have any flag officers at this level. who have re-
tired prior to 1958?
Mr. SPENCE. Yes, sir. We have officers in pay grade 0-10, which is
the closest comparable rank that we have to what General Bradley
has. We do have those people on the retired rolls.
Mr. NEDZI. How does their retirement pay compare to Generals
Bradley and Spaatz?
Mr. SPENCE. In the case of those individuals, I believe their retired
pay is somewhat less. I can give you an approximation in a moment.
An individual receiving retired pay, who retired prior to 1958, who
had served as chief of staff, his retired pay prior to last July would
have been $2,103 a month, and increase that by 6 percent which
would be somewhere around $2,200 to $2,300 a month. That will be
further increased January 1 by 5.5 percent. That increase, of course,
would also apply in the case of Generals Bradley and Spaatz, assuming
this legislation is enacted.
Mr. NEDZI. Mr. Bray, do you have any questions? .
Mr. BRAY. I do not quite understand this.
I remember very well the Pay Act of 1958 which. stopped the
recomputation. Now they retired previous to that time, did they
not?
Mr. SPENCE. Yes, sir.
Mr. BRAY. Here it says. they received a 3.2 percent. increase effective
July 1, 1966, 4.5 percent increase effective October 1, 1967. What was
that? Was that not just the regular military pay increase at that
percentage? That was 1966 and 1967. That was the pay increase, is
that. right?
Mr. SPENCE. Those were special increases specifically authorized
for individuals who were in the category Generals Bradley and Spaatz
were in. It was not the same increases in pay applicable to persons on
active duty or in retirement, no, sir.
Mr. BRAY. How come it was not applicable to them, because they
were eligible for recomputation as had been the custom up until
1958?
Mr. SLATINSHEK. May I interrupt there?
Mr. BRAY. Yes. I cannot quite understand this.
Mr. SLATINSHEK. In the 1958 act, these people were singled out.
They were, in a sense, in a limbo status; they were not on active duty
but not in retirement in a very technical sense. So there was special
provision made in the 1958 act with reference to these people. Sub-
sequently, when we (lid institute increases for retired pay, unless we
specifically mentioned these people, it did not apply to them.
In subsequent laws we (lid mention them and did provide these
percentage increases that they have received.
.'Mr. BRAY. r
that?
Mr. SLATIN
these people b,
it part of the re
Mr. BRAY.
received all the
Mr. SLATINE
they received
cally exempt fI
policy adopted
Mr. BRAY. 7
all this hassle I
us involved in
Mr. SLATINr
committee on I
Mr. NEDZI.
was establish a
Mr. SLATINS
Mr. NEDZI.
generals here.
Mr. SPENCE..
Mr. NEDZI.
two pay categ(
clone has to be
Mr. BRAY. T
is not starting ;
Mr. SPENCE.
Mr. MELVIN
it was enacted.
Mr. BRAY. N
general who ret
Mr. ME, LVIN
Mr. BRAY. I
times we starter
Mr. NEDZI. A
Mr. Slatiushe
Mr. Melvin I
Mr. Fisher?
Mr. Spence, ]
the record as to
Mr. SPENCE.
time?
Mr. NEDZI. 1
for the record, is
Mr. SPENCE.
man.
Mr. NEDZI. I
1VIr. MELVIN
gress of their ro
Mr. NEDZI. I
be useful to hav,
to the House. w
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11
bclleral Spaatz
his bring these
i cv or would it
lte.gory?
has been retired
82,800 It month,
;men would be
; to be less than
bse now oil tile
el who have re-
which is
heneral Bradley
ire to Generals
lye their retired
=1 in a moment.
'r to 1958, who
b'st July would
percent which
}l. That will be
case, of course,
pa?it , assuming
ph stopped the
,time, did they
acrease effective
1967. What was
nerease at that
pay Increase, is
laity authorized
slley and Spaatz
sle to persons on
n, because they
ctstorn up until
'ere singled out.
t on active duty
;sere was special
se people. Sub-
pay, unless we
o them.
provide these
-%"Mr. BRAY. These two special bills applied and we never (lid it after
that?
Mr. SLATINSIIEK. The cost-of-living formula does not apply to
these people because they are so-called Special Act officers, not really
a part of the retired group.
Mr. BRAY. I thought they remained as active duty officers and
received all the increases active duty officers did.
Mr. SLATINSHEK. In a very technical sense you are correct, because
they received basic pay and allowances. However, they were specifi-
cally exempt from these subsequent changes in the act, because of the
policy adopted by the Congress in the 1958 Pay Act.
Mr. BRAY. The reason I am raising this question here is because of
all this hassle we had over recomputation. You say this is not getting
us involved in this.
Mr. SLATINsl-ILKK. This is not inconsistent with the position of . the
committee on that question.
Mr. NEDzI. If I understand this correctly, what we in effect did
was establish a third category of pay.
Mr. SLATINSHEIZ. Precisely.
Mr. NEDZI. There were active, retired, and then we had these
generals here.
Mr. SPENCE. That is right.
Mr. NEDZI. As a result, any provisions that applied to the other
two pay categories (lid not apply to these Inen. So that everything
done has to be especially for these individuals?
Mr. BRAY. These are the only two officers this could apply to. This
is not starting a precedent?
Mr. SPENCE. No, sir.
Mr. MELVIN PRICE. It applied to all five-star generals at the time
it was enacted.
Mr. BRAY. Not a five-star general. It would not apply to a five-star
general who retired today.
Mr. MELVIN PRICE. We singled them out by name.
Mr. BRAY. I say this is not starting a precedent. I remember a few
times we started something and it seemed like agood idea at the tinge.
Mr. NEDZI. Any further questions, Mr. Bray?
Mr. Slatinshek?
Mr. Melvin Price?
Mr. Fisher?
Mr. Spence, I have one further request, and that is it statement for
the record as to the reasons for this special treatment of these officers.
Mr. SPENCE. Do you wish me to give you an oral statement at this
time?
Mr. NEnzi. You may give an oral statement or you may submit it
for the record, if you prefer.
Mr. SPENCE. I would prefer to submit it for the record, Mr. Chair-
man.
Mr. NEDZI. Fine.
Mr. MELVIN PRICE. Actually, it is acknowledgment of the Con-
gress of their role in the war.
Mr. NEDZI. I understand that, Mr. Price. But I thought it would
be useful to have it in the record so that when this matter is presented
to the House. we will have this before us. We do have a tremendous
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12
number of new Members, as you know, who are not at all familiar
with this whole situation.
Mr. MELVIN PRICE. Who do not read history.
Mr. NEDZI. I think it would contribute if we had that in the record
so that it is available to us.
Mr. SPENCE. I would be happy to do so.
[The following information was received for the record:]
Following the allied victory in World War II Congress recognized in a special
way through legislative enactment the contribution to that victory made by
thirteen men who because of their unique and outstanding qualities rose to highest
positions of command and leadership in the armed forces.
In the words of the Committee on Armed Services in its report on the bill
which later became Public Law 79-333:
The success of the awned forces of this Nation is largely due to the out-
standing organizational abilities, vision, and strategical concepts of the officers
involved ii1 this bill. From them stemmed the dynamic force which insured
the proper training, equipping, and deployment of the strongest Army and
Navy the world has ever known. They contributed greatly to the formulation
and execution of the stretegy that caused the annihilation of our enemies.
Your committee believes it is entirely appropriate that these officers be per-
mitted to continue to hold the grades in which they have served.
Light of those individuals had attained during World War II the 5 star rank
which has traditionally been. reserved for those wartime commanders who demon-
strated to an outstanding degree the ability to command the combat forces in
wartime. Those individuals were:
Army
George C. Marshall
Douglas MacArthur
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Air Force
Henry II. Arnold
Navy
William D. Leahy
Ernest J. King
In addition, five other officers; who during World War II had attained the:grade
of general or admiral and had served in positions of high command and resp.onsi-
hility, and in those positions had made outstanding contributions to, the success
of the armed forces, were similarly recognized by special legislation. They were :
Omar N. Bradley R. A. Spruance
Coast G2iard
Russell R. Wacsche
The legislative recognition afforded these officers consisted in making perma-
nent the' grade in which they had served cjhring'World War II and in authorizing
them to continue to -receive, whether: in the active service or in retirement, the
pay and allowances authorized- for their grade. Asa further mark of recognition
General Bradley was in 1950, by special Act of Congress, appointed to the perma-
nent grade of General of the Army, with the same rights.and benefits as.ivere
authorized for the eight original appointees in that grade.
General Bradley and General Spaatz are the .only surviving members of that
select group of officers.
These distinguished officers have received but 2 increases in their compensation
since 1958; 3.2% in 1966 and 4.5% in 1967. From October 1, 1967 to July 1, 1973,
persons on the military retired rolls have received cumulative increases in their
retired pay totalling in excess of 39%.. Neither General Bradley nor General
Spaatz have received any increases in their compensation during that period.
S. 2714 will authorize an immediate increase in their compensation of approxi-
mately 39%, and will authorize future increases in their compensation at the
same time and in the same percentage as persons on the military retired rolls.
G
Cha
in A
ofIie
brut
Si
ann
T
ntor
ever
cons
Patt
Gen
hint
Brae
Nor
and
T;
the.
Arm
In
and
apps
13(
for
Jolly
the
rnov
Miss
who
G
Dist
01
prop
recd-
In t
com'
G,
tion
to fi,
servi
gone
Al
Dak
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the
orde
and
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1929
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folio
Colh
and
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heca
Febr
G<
mono
15, 1
whit
28th
pe-rsc
he w
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 Approved For Release 2002/01/10 : CIA-RDP75B0038OR000800020003-3
all familiar
1 the record
sd in a special
ory made by
.ose to highest
,ft, on the bill
;e to the out-
1 of the officers
sshich insured
r,st Army and
e formulation
our enemies.
dicers be per-
w 5 star rank
who demon-
nbat forces' in
e.ined the grade
I and responsi-
to the success
tn. They ;were:
balling perma-
in authorizing
retirement, the
of recognition
I to the perma-
enefits. as were
embers of that
r compensation
to July 1, 1073,
creases in. their
'y nor General
.hat period.
.ion of approxi-
ansation at the
retired rolls.
13
GENERAL OF THE ARMY OMAR NELSON BRADLEY, USA
General of the Army Omar Nelson Bradley completed two successive terms as
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff on August 15, 1.953. That office was created
in August 1949 and General Bradley was its first chairman. It is the Ili ghost military
office presently attainable by any officer of the Armed Services. General Bradley
brought to that office a, unique background of military and civilian experience.
Successively in World War II, he commanded first a division, then a corps, an
army, and finally a group of ar.i.mes.
This last command, the 12th United States Army Group in Europe, numbered
more than 1,300,000 combat troops and was the largest body of American soldiers
ever to serve under one field commander. The 12th Army Group, at its peak,
consisted of four armies-General Courtney Ilodge's First, General George
Patton's Third, Lieutenant General William Simpson's Ninth and Lieutenant
General Leonard Gerow's Fifteenth.
Except for his original divisional assignment-a pre-combat training job given
him as a result of his experience as Commandant of the Infantry School-General
Bradley won his wartime advancement on the battlefield. A Corps commander in
North Africa and later in Sicily, he took an Army across the Normandy beaches
and ended the war in Germany in command of an Army Group.
Three weeks after V-B Day, General Bradley was drafted to become head of
the Veterans Administration during the critical postwar demobilization of our
Armed Forces.
In February 1948, General Bradley became Chief of Staff of the Army. A year
and a half later he was appointed Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, and was re-
appointed in August 1951.
Born in Clark, Missouri, February 12, 180:3, General Bradley was named Omar
for an editor friend of the family and Nelson for the local doctor. His parents,
John Smith Bradley and Sarah Elizabeth (nee Hubbard) Bradley, remained in
the Clark-Higbee area, until the father's death in 1908 when he and his mother
moved to Moberly, Missouri. General Bradley married Mary Quayle of Moberly,
Missouri, December 28, 1916. They have one daughter, Elizabeth Bradley Dorsey,
who lives in Washigton, 1).C. (Married Esther Dorm, Buller, September 12, 1966)
General Bradley was appointed to the U.S. Military Academy from the Second
District of Missouri in 1911. lie graduated 44th in the Class of 1915.
Of his class, General Bradley was the first to become a brigadier general. Ills
promotion came in February 1941. when he was a. lieutenant colonel, and at the
recommendation of General Marshall became Commandant of the Infantry School.
In this post, he set up the Infantry Officer Candidate program that eventually
commissioned more than 45,000 combat leaders before the end of World War II.
General Bradley's commissioning as a second lieutenant of infantry on gradua-
tion from West Point June 12, 1915, was followed on July 1, 1916, by promotion
to first lieutenant. Ile rose to the temporary rank of major in World War I while
serving with the 14th Infantry Regiment, but reverted to captain in 1.920 in the
general postwar reduction of the Army.
After World War I, General Bradley was assigned to ROTC duty at South
Dakota State College, and then was ordered to a four-year tour in 1920 as instruc-
tor in mathematics at the U.S.-Military Academy. In 1925, he graduated from
the Advanced Course at The Infantry School, Fort Benning, Georgia, and was
ordered to duty in Hawaii. In 1927 and 1928 he was in charge of National Guard
and Reserve Affairs for the Hawaiian Islands.
General Bradley graduated from the Command and General Staff School in
1029, and then was assigned as instructor in tactics and weapons at the Infantry
School. Assignment to the Army War College, from which he graduated in 1934,
followed his four-year tour at Fort Benning. After graduation from the War
College he was assigned to the U.S. Military Academy as an instructor in tactics
and later became plans and training officer of the Academy. He served there until
June 1938 when he reported to Washington for General Staff duty. In 1939, he
became Assistant Secretary of the General Staff and served in this capacity until
February 1941 when, as a brigadier general, he was sent to Fort Benning.
General Bradley was given his own division-the 82nd Infantry-within two
months after Pearl Ilarbor. His promotion to Major General came on February
15, 1942. Four months later, in June 1942, he was transferred from the 82nd-
which was soon to he designated the 82nd Airborne Division-to command the
28th Infantry Division at Camp Livingston, Louisiana.
Early in 1943, General Bradley was selected. by General Eisenhower as his
personal representative in the field in North Africa. Then on April. 15, 1943,
he was given command of the II Corps. It was the 11 Corps that smashed through
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units of the Afrika Korps in Northern Tunisia to reduce Hill 609, take Bizerte
and with the British 1st and 8th Armies end the war in Africa.
The day after the collapse of the enemy in Tunisia, General Bradley was on
route to Algiers to help plan the invasion of Sicily, and on July 10, 1943, in-
vaded Sicily with his II Corps.
In the summer of 1943, General Bradley was selected to command the First
U.S. Army in the Normandy Invasion. His release from command of II Corps
then in Sicily was arranged during the last week in August and effected on
September 7th. After conferences in Washington, Bradley arrived in the United
Kingdom in October. On the 20th of that month he opened the headquarters of the
First U.S. Army in Bristol. On October 16, General Bradley was given additional
duties as Commanding General, 1st U.S. Army Group which later was to become
the 12th Army Group.
On June 6, 1944, General Bradley landed in France with his First Army to
break the Atlantic Wall. On July 26, the First Army smashed through the German
lines at St. Lo and opened the way through Avranches for the speedy liberation of
France. On August 1, he divided the American divisions into two Armies, the
First Army and Third Army, and committed General Patton's Third Army
through the breached enemy wall. Ile relinquished the First Army to General
Hodges and assumed command of the U.S. 12th Army Group, which eventually
comprised the combat forces of the First, Third, Ninth and Fifteenth American
Armies.
In the spring of 1945, after his American armies had smashed the German
winter attacks and broken down the Siegfried Line to push on to the Rhine, Gen-
eral Bradley was given his fourth star.
On August 15, 1945, General Bradley became Administrator of Veterans Affairs.
Ile relinquished this post on December 1, 1947, in order to familiarize himself with
Army problems before taking on new ditties as Chief of Staff.
On February 7, 1948, General Bradley became Chief of Staff, United States
Army, succeeding General of the Army 'Dwight D. Eisenhower.
General Bradley was sworn in as the first Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
in the Department of Defense August 16, 1949, and on August 16, 1951, was re-
appointed for a two-year term.
He was nominated by President Truman for promotion to General of the Army
September 18, 1950; was confirmed by the Senate September 20, and was ap-
pointed to that rank effective September 22, 1950, making him the fourth five-
star Army general officer.
At the first meeting of the 12 Atlantic Pact nations in Washington on October 5,
1949, General Bradley was appointed the first Chairman of the Military Com-
mittee of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization consisting of the military chiefs
of staff of the 12 American and European countries then united in the North
Atlantic Treaty for mutual defense. The number has since grown to 15. At the
termination of his office as Chairman in 1950, he continued until August 1953 as
United States Representative to the Military Committee (NATO) and United
States Representative to the Standing Group of the Military Committee con-
sisting of representatives of the United States, United Kingdom and France. In
these assignments he exercised great responsibility in the coordination of the
military efforts of the free world.
General Bradley's decorations include the Distinguished Service Medal with
three Oak Leaf Clusters, Distinguished Service Medal of the U.S. Navy, the
Silver Star, the Legion of Merit with one Oak Leaf Cluster, Bronze Star Medal,
Mexican Border Service Medal, World War I Victory Medal, American Defense
Service Medal, American Campaign Medal, European-African-Middle Eastern
Campaign Medal with one Bronze Arrowhead and 7 Battle Stars, World War II
Victory Medal, Army of Occupation Medal with Clasp for Germany, and Combat
Infantryman Badge.
He also has the following foreign decorations: Grand Cross-Order of the Crown
with Palm, and Croix do Guerre (Belgium); Knight Commander of the Bath
(British Empire) ; Order of the White Lion Star for Victory, 1st Class; and Military
War Cross of 1939 (Czechoslovakia); Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor, and
Croix do Guerre with Palm (France) ; Grand Cross of the Royal Greek Order- of
George I; Grand Cross of Couronne de Chene, and Croix de Guerre (Luxembourg) ;
Grand Cross of the Order of Ouissan Alaoutio Cherifien, Degree of Grand
Officer (Morocco); Knight of the Grand Cross, Order of Orange-Nassau (Nether-
lands); Commander's Gross with Star, and appointed a Chevalier of the Order of
Polonia, l testituta (Poland) ; Order of Kutuzov, 1st Degree; and Order of Suvarov,
1st Degree (Russia); Order of Military Merit, Degree of Grand Officer (Brazil);
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Order of Genet
of the Military
General Brt
AcadeIny, Bar
Military Scient
University of J
of Law;, May
University, Dc
June 1947; No
Southern Colic
versity, Doctor
June 1948; Ut
University, Dc
June 1949; Hai
of Laws, June
January 1950;
Juno, 1950; Pen:
1951; Cambridz
University of P
of Military Sole
Long Island Ur
General Brat
captain (perma
revereted to tb,
July 1, 1920. 11
was promoted t
Went) June 26,
major general
June 2, 1.943;
general (permar
to general (porn
to General of ti:
Curl Spaatz v
was appointed I
tinted June 12, 1
with the Twenf
from October 4,
the Aviation Sc
In Juno, 191(
served with the
Punitive Exped
1916, in May, P
in the same mgr
General Span
command of th
served in the Ar
month at the B:
temporary prom
her, 1918, as put
leader. He was
planes, and rece
fornia and Texrt
Western Departi
on February 27,
As it major, C
1920, to Februa
November, 1921
at Ellington Fief
24, 1924. Ile wa.
Virginia, in Junc
at Washington,
 Approved For Release 2002/01/10 : CIA-RDP75B0038OR000800020003-3
icy was en
1943, in-
1 the First
f TI Corps
ffected on
,he United
ters of the
additional
to become
t Army to
ie German
aeration of
cniies, the
rird Army
o General
entually
American
German
iitie, Gen-
n Affairs.
itself with
ed States
f~ of Staff
1, was re-
Hie Army
l was ap-
!irth five-
)ctober 5,
try Com-
ary chiefs
he North
5. At the
A. 1953 as
d United
ttee con-
i:uice. In
It of the
:sal with
~tvy, the
Medal,
Defense
Eastern
1 War lI
Combat
.e Crown
he Bath
11ili.tary
nor, and
Order of
tabourg)
Grand
(Nether-
Order of
)uvarov,
(Brazil);
Order of General San Martin, Degree of Grand Officer (Argentina); Grand Cross
of the Miiltary Order of Itlay.
General Bradley has been awarded the following degrees: U.S. Military
Academy, Bachelor of Science, June 1.915; St. John's University, Doctor of
Military Science, November 1946; Drury College, Doctor of Laws, March 1946;
University of Missouri, Doctor of Laws, June 1946; University of Illinois, Doctor
of Laws, May 1947; Harvard University, Doctor of Law, June 1947; New York
University, Doctor of Laws, June 1947; Dartmouth College, Doctor of Laws,
June 1947; Northwestern University, Doctor of Laws, June 1947; Birminghamn-
Southern College, Doctor of Humane, Letters, November 1947; Princeton Uni-
versity, Doctor of Laws, June 1948; University of Wisconsin, Doctor of Law,
June 1048; University of California, Doctor of Laws, June' 1948; Columbia
University, Doctor of Laws, June 1949; Lafayette College, Doctor of Science,
June 1949; Hamilton College, Doctor of Law, June 1949; Trinity College, Doctor
of Laws, June 1949; Renasalaer Polytechnic Institute, Doctor of Engineering,
January 1950; Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, Doctor of Laws,
June 1950; Pennsylvania Military College, Doctor of International Law, February
1951; Cambridge University (England), Doctor of International Law, June 1951;
University of Pittsburgh, Doctor of Law, June 1951: Norwich University, Doctor
of Military Science, June 1952; University of Akron, Doctor of Laws, June 1956;
Long Island University, Doctor of Humane Letters, May 1967.
PROMOTIONS
General Bradley was promoted to first liettenant (permanent) July- 1, 1916; to
captain (permanent) May 15, 1917; to major (temoprary) June 17, 1918. He
revereted to the rank of captain January 22, 1920, and was promoted to major
July 1, 1920. Ile again reverted to the rank of captain November 4, 1922, and
was promoted to major (permanent) June 25, 1924; to lieutenant colonel (perma-
nent) June 26, 1936; to brigadier general (temporary) February 20, .1941; to
major general (temporary) February 15, 1942; to lieutenant general (temporary)
Juno 2, 1943; to brigadier general (permanent) September 1, 1943; to major
general (permanent) September 8, 1944; to general (temporary) M'rrch 12, 1945;
to general (permanent) January 31, 1949, with date of rank from March 12, 1945;
to General of the Army September 22, 1950.
GEN. CARL SPAATZ, USAF, RETIRED
Carl Spaatz was born June 28, 1891, in Boyertown, Pennsylvania. In 1010, he
was appointed to the United States Military Academy from which he was grad-
uated June 12, 1914, and commissioned a second lieutenant of Infantry. IIe served
with the Twenty-Fifth United States Infantry at Schofield Barracks, Hawaii,
from October 4, 1914, to October 13, 1915, when he was detailed as a student in
the Aviation School at San Diego, California, until May 15, 1916.
In June, 1916, General Spaatz was assigned at Columbus, Now Mexico, and
served with the First Aero Squadron under General John J. Pershing in the
Punitive Expedition into Mexico. lie was promoted to first lieutenant July 1,
1916, in May, 1917 joined the Third Aero Squadron in San Antonio, Texas, and
in the same month was promoted to captain.
General Spaatz went to France with the American Expeditionary Forces in
command of the Thirty-First Aero Squadron and, after November 15, 1917,
served in the American Aviation School at Issoudun continuously, except for one
month at the British Front, until August 30, 1918. In this period, he received a
temporary promotion to major. He joined the Second Pursuit Group in Septem-
ber, 1918, as pursuit pilot in the Thirteenth Squadron, and was promoted to flight
leader. He was officially credited with shooting down three German Fokker
planes, and received the Distinguished Service Cross. In 1919 he served in Cali-
fornia and Texas and became Assistant Department Air Service Officer for the
Western Department in July, 1919. Ile reverted to his permanent rank of captain
on February 27, 1920, but was promoted to major on July 1, 1920.
As a major, General Spaatz commanded Kelly Field, Texas, from October 5,
1920, to February, 1921, served as Air Officer of the Eighth Corps Area until
November, 1921, and was commanding officer of the First Pursuit Group, first
at Ellington Field, Texas, and later at Selfridge Field, Michigan, until September
24, 1924. Ile was graduated from the Air Corps Tactical School, Langley Field,
Virginia, in June, 1925, and then served in the Office of the Chief of Air Corps
at Washington, D.C.
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 Approved For Release 2002/01/10 : CIA-RDP75B00380R000800020003-3
General Spaatz commanded the Army plan "Question Mark" in its refueling
endurance flight over Los Angeles and vicinity January 1-7, 1929, keeping the
plane aloft a record total of 1150 hours, 50 minutes and 15 seconds, and was awarded
the Distill guished Flying Cross.
From Nlay 1, 1929, to October 29, 1931, General Spaatz commanded the
Seventh Bombardment Group at Rockwell Field, California, and the First
Bombardment Wing at March Field, California, until June 10, 1933. He then
served in the Office of the Chief of Air Corps and became chief of the Training and
Operations Division. In August, 1935, he enrolled in the Command and General
Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and while there was promoted to
lieutenant colonel. He was graduated in June, 1930, and then served at Langley
Field, until January, 1939, when he returned to the Office of the Chief of Air
Corps at Washington as assistant executive officer.
General Spaatz in November, 1939, received a temporary promotion to colonel,
and during the Battle of Britain in 1940, spent sevreal weeks in England as u
special military observer. In August, 1940, he was assigned in the Office of the
Chief of Air Corps, and two months later was appointed assistant to the Chief of
Air Corps, with the temporary rank of brigadier general. He became chief of the
Plans Division of the Air Corps in November, 1940, and the following July was
maimed Chief of the Air Staff at AAF headquarters.
A few weeks after Pearl Harbor, in January, 1942, General Spaatz was assigned
as Chief of the AAF Combat Command at Washington and promoted to the
temporary rank of major general. In May, 1942, became commander of the Eighth
Air Force, transferring to the European theater of operations in that capacity in
July, 1942, to prepare for the American bombing of Germany. His accomplish-
ruents with the Eighth in its formative days as a strategic bombing unit earned
him an award of the Legion of .]NIerit. On July 7, he was appointed commanding
general of the U.S. Army Air Forces in the European theater in addition to his
duties as commander of the Eighth. His promotion to the permanent rank of
colonel was made on September 17, 19=112.
On December 1, 1942, General Spaatz became commanding general of the
Twelfth Air Force in North Africa. In February, 1043, he assumed command of
the Northwest African Air Force, which lie organized. Ile received a temporary
promotion to lieutenant general March 12, 1943.
After Rommcl's Afrika Korps had been driven out, of North Africa and the in-
vasion of Italy was launched, General Spaatz became deputy commander of the
Mediterranean Allied Air Forces, including the 12th Air Force in Africa and the
15th Air Force and the. Royal Air Force in Italy. Ile returned to England in
January, 1944, to command the U.S. Strategic Air Forces in Europe, which It,,
headed throughout the pre-invasion period and the ensuing campaign which
culminated with the utter defeat of Germany. his service in Africa won an award
of the Distinguished Service Medal, and the accomplishments of his Strategic
Air Forces in 1944 earned for him the Robert J. Collier Trophy for that year,
awarded annually to the American making the outstanding contribution to
aviation.
General Spaatz received a temporary promotion to general on March 11, 1945,
and was assigned to Air Force headquarters in Washington in June, 1945. The
following month he assumed command of the U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the
Pacific, with headquarters on Guam. There lie supervised the final strategic bomb-
ing of Japan by the B-29, including the two atomic bomb missions. Ile was
present at all three signings of unconditional surrender by the enemy, at Rhein-,
at Berlin, and at Tokyo.
In October, 1945, General Spaatz returned to AAF headquarters, and the same
month President Truman nominated him- for promotion to the permanent rank
of major general in the Regular Army. In February, 1946, lie was nominated to
become commander of the Army Air Forces. In September, 1947, he was ap-
pointed by President Truman as the first Chief of Staff of the now United States
Air Force.
General Spaatz retired with the rank of General on June 30, 1948.
General Spaatz has been awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, Distin-
guished Service Medal with two Oak Leaf Clusters, Legion of Merit, Distinguished
Flying Cross, and Bronze Star Medal. Ile also has the Mexican Interior Campaign
ribbon, the World War I ribbon with three bronze battle stars, the pre-Pearl
harbor ribbon with one star, the European theater ribbon with six stars, the
Pacific theater ribbon, the American theater ribbon, and the World War II
Victory ribbon. IIis foreign honors include a Grand O1Gcier of the French Legion
of Honor, the French Croix de Guerre with Palma, a Grand Commander of the
British Empire, Russia's Second Order of Suvorov and Poland's Polonia Resti.tuta,
Commander's Cross with Star.
Mr. SLATINSI
situation very v
category of offici
has, been very rt
of Congress to n
headaches that 1
And, frankly, tl
a few years ob-,
problem.
Mr. SPJINCE.
it Ir. IIOGAN.
Chairman; that
Would you,
factor here.
Mr. SPENCE.
For a full ye
these officers w
be absorbed wit
Mr. Nit;nr.I.
you, Mr. Spent
Mr. MELVIN
bill and instruc
full committee.
Mr. NEDZI.
motion of Mr.
and the subcoin
[Voting in ft
voting against;
The commit
10 o'clock.
[Whereupon,
at 10 a.m., We
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 Approved For Release 2002/01/10 : CIA-RDP75B0038OR000800020003-3
17
Him,
the
?ded
the
a ltell
and
siera l
to
yg h,y
-Air
much,
f the
,ef of
d the
r \t?itS
,ned
the
ghth
it %- in
11-
P rued
his
stk of
f the
lrl of
Koury
he. in-
3f the
d the
0(1 111
ch he
Which
%vard
tegic
year,
run to
1945,
L The
n the
polllb-
e was
#tcims
same
rank
ted to
s ap-
States
)i tin-
liished
tpnign
-Pearl
the
v 11 ar II
Legion
4).1 tile
tituta,
Mr. SLATINSHEK. I would like to say that you summarized the
situation very well, indicating that we in effect created a third pay
category of officers. As a consequence, the Department since that time
has been very reluctant to support any effort suggested by Members
of Congress to make a special situation for new officers because of the
headaches that this situation has caused the Congress since that time.
And, frankly, these people are attriting out of this category and in a
a few years obviously there will be none and we will not have that
problem.
1\/Ir. SPENCE. That is right.
Mr. IIOGAN. One point I would like to make for the record, Mr.
Chairman; that is the cost factor in this.
Would you, Mr. Spence, make a statement concerning the cost
factor here.
Mr. SPENCE. Yes, sir.
For a full year the cost of this legislation with respect to each of
these officers would be about $8,700 and those additional costs can
be absorbed within the normal retired pay appropriation..
Mr. NEDZI. If there are no further questions, we want to thank
you, Mr. Spence, for your testimony.
Mr. MELVIN PRICE. I move the approval of both sections of the
bill and instruct the chairman to report the entire bill. S. 2714 to the
full committee.
Mr. NEDZi. A quorum being present, the committee has heard the
motion of Mr. Price and without objection, the motion is agreed to
and the subcommittee will report the bill to the full committee.
[Voting in favor: Mr. Nedzi, Mr. Bray, Mr. Price, Mr. Fisher.
voting against; none.]
The committee will stand adjourned until next Wednesday at
10 o'clock.
[Whereupon, at 10:40 a.m., the committee adjourned, to reconvene
at 10 a.m., Wednesday, December 12, 1973.1
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