FOREIGN ASSISTANT ACT OF 1973

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP75B00380R000600170001-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 38
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 24, 2001
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: October 2, 1973
• Content Type: OPEN

Foto
October 2, 1973 Approved
adopted. Had t been here, t would have
been one of its cosponsors at that time.
RtiftetsjsfigNIAWIRTCOMR-DPSSE10011BOR00060 70001-1 S 18403
On page 9, line 11, immediately before ance Administration to contribute to
section shall not apply with respect
to assistance rendered under section 515(c)
I am sure that the Auatrian people
themselves have not forgotten that not
too many years ago, great numbers of
Austrians themselves were homeless and
adrift. I pray that the peoPle of Austria
will heed this expression by the Senate
which bespeaks the concern of the Amer-
ican people and indicate in clear terms
that their country is not to be swayed
by minor league terrorism from an
established humanitarian and respon-
sible policy of facilitating the transit of
refugees. i
' Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
Sent to have printed in the RECORD an
article in connection with this matter
which was published in today's New York
Times. i
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the New York Times' Oct. 2, 19731
MUT THROUGH AUiTRIA
The most immediately urgent point now,
In the negotiations between 'Israel and the
Austrian Government over the emigration
process for Soviet Jews, is to insure that the
line of exodus through Austria remains open.
This is the prime issue to be resolved when
Chancellor Kreisky and Premier Golda Meir
,
confer in Vienna today.
The Austrian leader made 'a fundamental
mistake, we believe, in acceding to the black-
mail demands of Arab terrorists and in clos-
ing down the Schonau transi.t center through
which Israeli representatives have been proc-
essing the flow of inirnigrants'from the Soviet
Union in the past two yeare. Such a con-
cession to terror tactics &an only encourage
fanatic extremists of the Palestinian or any
other cause. Success in terr rism inevitably
breeds more desire for more' success by the
same devices, as governments and travelers
around the world have learned.
Dr. Kreisky has, however, been firm since
last week's terrorist raid hi pledging that
Austria will continue to facilitate the flow of
Soviet Jews. It is significant)that he chose a
meeting with official Sovi't visitors last
Saturday to make the forma statement that
"Austria is open to everyonewho wishes to
reach another country via Austria; Austria
remains a country which offers asylum to
everyone who feels persecuted."
This assurance, rather than his dubious
judgments or subsequent hl-conceived re-
marks under the heat of international pres-
sures, is the most important, point for Israel
to build upon now.
conferees agreed o
Provide technical and Safe
the quotation marks, insert the following: solutions of international enforcement
"This
problems in the areas of narcotics inter-
of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe diction, skyjacking, and terrorism.
Streets Act of 1968, as amended, or with Mr. President, similar problems arise
respect to any authority of the Drug En- with respect to the Drug Enforcement
forcement Administration or the Federal Administration. In attempting to carry
Bureau of Investigation.
out its responsibility to suppress the ever-
' i
Mr. McCLELLAN. Mr. President, ncreasing worldwide traffic in narcotics
behalf of myself and Senator HRUSKA, on
and marihuana, the DEA, formerly the
I offer an amendment to the pending bill Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous
which is designed to meet a potential Drugs, last year requested and was
granted appropriations to assist in the
problem regarding section 115. training of foreign police officers in anti-
Section 115 of S. 2335 provides as fol-
lows:
No part of any appropriation made avail-
able to carry out this or any other provision
of law shall be used to conduct any police
training or related program for a foreign
country.
- We have been advised by Senator FUL-
BRIGHT that the basic objective of this
provision is to eliminate the training
program currently administered by the
Department of State's Agency for Inter-
national Development, Office of Public
Safety.
Mr. President, on August 6, 1973, the
President signed into law the "Crime
Control Act of 1973"?Public Law 93-
83?which continues the Federal Law
Enforcement Assistance Administration's
authority to provide financial and tech-
nical assistance to improve methods of
law enforcement and crime control. For
the first time, LEAA was granted the
authority in section 515(c) of the act
to provide technical assistance concern-
ing law enforcement problems outside
the United States as follows:
To cooperate with and render technical
assistance to States, units of general local
government, combinations of such States or
units, or other public or private agencies,
organizations, institutions, or international
agencies in matters relating to law enforce-
ment and criminal justice.
drug trafficking measures. This interna-
tional training program is designed to
increase the capability of these foreign
drug law enforcement officers to assist
the United States in its attempt to in-
tercept the flow of these drugs before
they ever get to this country. Because of
the very nature of the drug problem and
its international scope, this type of in-
ternational cooperation is absolutely es-
sential if we are to put an end to this
most insidious crime. Indeed, since the
training program has been instituted,
drug seizures in these foreign countries
have greatly increased. As presently
worded, however, section 115 would also
put an end to this very beneficial and
necessary program, a result which I am
confident was unintended.
Mr. President, we have also learned
that the Federal Bureau of Investigation
conducts certain training programs
involving foreign law enforcement per-
sonnel. For instance, the Bureau par-
ticipates in programs with our neighbor-
ing country of Canada for exchange of
information and mutual training on
border control problems. In addition, a
small number of police officers from
foreign countries?some 42 officers in
fiscal year 1973?are accepted for train-
ing in the FBI National Academy each
Year.
In order to obviate an unintended dis-
The conference report, Senate Report ruption of Law Enforcement Assistance
No. 93-349 at 31, explained the scope of - Administration, Drug Enforcement Ad-
and limitations on this authority: ministration, and Federal Bureau of
The conference substitute also accepts Investigation programs in these areas, I
the Senate version which adds authority to respectfully present, with the Senator
provide technical assistance to international from Nebraska, for consideration an
raW enforcement agencies as well as national
law enforcement agencies. In recognition of amendment to section 115 of S. 2335 as
the international scope of many law enforce- follows:
ment and criminal justice problems the This section shall not apply with respect
tgiveLEAA authorityto to assistance rendered under section 515(c)
assistance in such areas of the Omnibus Crime Control
as narcotics interdiction, skyjacking, and S ree s , ,
FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT OF 4.73
1
The Senate continued with the con-
sideration of the bill (S. 335) to amend
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, and
for other purposes.
Mr. lVfcCLELLAN. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that Mr. Paul Sum-
mit, of my staff, have the Privilege of the
floor during the consideration of the
ainendxnent I am about to offer, and
during the vote thereon.
The PRESIDING OFFIL:hat. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
' Mr.IVIcCLELLAN Mr. President, I send
an amendment to the desk on behalf of
myself and the Senator from Nebraska
(Mr. IlausxA) .
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk
,
will read the amendment.
The legislative clerk read the amend-
ment, as follows:
t t Act of 1968 as amended or with
terrorism. The conferees felt that LEAA's respect to any authority of the Drug Enforce-
international operations should be limited ment Administration or the Federal Bureau
to providing technical assistance in cases of of Investigation.
this character. gr. President, in my view, this amend-
That is a quotation from the report ment would permit limited legitimate
and shows what the intent of the law is. cooperation in international law enforce-
Section 115 of the Foreign Assistance ment without encroaching upon the
Act of 1961, as contained in S. 2335?the laudable objectives underlying section
Foreign Assistance Act of 1973?presently 115 of the Foreign Assistance Act.
Under consideration, imposes a broad I do not think there can be any objec-
prohibition on the use of funds under any tion to these limited activities if we are
provision of law "to conduct any police to carry on our vital cooperation and as-
training or related program for a foreign sistance in support of effective interna-
country." Although I wholeheartedly tional efforts to control serious crimes
agree with the objective of this provision across international borders, such as nar-
to prohibit intrusion of the United States cotics traffic, terrorism, and skyjacking.
into the domestic law enforcement situa- Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
tion in foreign countries, the language is sent to have printed in the RECORD three
susceptible to a possible construction that statements concerning foreign law en-
would eliminate the new very limited au- forcement assistance activities of the
thority of the Law Enforcement Assist- Law Enforcement Assistance Adminis-
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tration, the Drug Enforcement Adminis-
tration, and the Federal Bureau of Inves-
tigation.
There being no objection, the state-
ments were ordered to be printed in he
RECORD, as follows:
LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE
ADMINISTRATION
The new authority of the Law Enforce-
ment Assistance Administration to provide
technical assistance concerning law enforce-
ment problems outside the United States is
limited in very strict ways,
First, it is limited to law enforcement prob-
lems of in international nature?those which
affect a number of countries and which cross
national borders.
Second, it is limited to the dissemination
of information on how to control interna-
tional law enforcement. problems.
Third, it would not involve training of law
enforcement or other criminal austice per-
sonnel for enforcement of laws or other pro-
grams inside a nation which are domestic in
nature.
Fourth, it would not be a major part of
the operations of the Law Enforcement As-
sistance Administration, but rather would
involve dissemination of information which
is a by-product of other LEAA activities.
The Conference Report on Section 515(c)
of the Crime Control Act of 1971 says: "In
recognition of the international scope of
many law enforcement and ceiminal justice
problems the conferees agreed to give LEAA
authority to provide technical assistance in
such areas as narcotics interdiction, skyjack-
ing, and terrorism. The conferees felt that
LEAA's international operations should be
limited to providing technical assistance in,
cases of this character,"
And in his remarks on the floor, Senator
Hruska said: ". . . the conferees recognized
the international scope of many law enforce-
ment and criminal justice problems. Thus, we
intended to give LEAA authority to provide
technical assittance abroad in eraditional
police areas of international concern such as
narcotics interdiction, skyjacking_ and ter-
rorism."
The range of crimes to be included under
the technical assistance program are among
the worst crimes?for they generally involve
violence against people rather than, being of-
fenses against property.
In a report to the Congress last year on
government-wide law enforcement activities,
the Attorney General said there had been 27
aircraft highjackings in 1971?and 18 of
them had been successful. That is the sta-
tistic for only the Unieed States. Virtually
every nation is faced with this threat--and
even when highjackings occur overseas they
frequently involve American passengers.
Highjackings have led to deaths, mit rise,
and the spread of terror?to say nothirg of
throwing up obstacles to the harmonious way
of sovereign nations doing business among
themselves. Highjacking is a problem that no
nation can solve by itself. It can only be
solved by international cooperation?and the
technical assistance to be offered by LEAA
would heighten that cooperation.
Terrorism is another obstacle in the path
of intercourse among nations. Like highjack-
ing, it cannot be solved by any Gee nation
alone. And like highjacketing, it can affect
all nations, for no country can consider itself
immune when terrorists operate with im-
punity It can take many forms: kidnapping
of citizens or diplomats; murder's at the
Olympic Games; bombings which till inno-
cent people; explosive devices sent through
the mails, as happened at the British :Em-
bassy in Washington recently.
The United States Seems particularly ;vul-
nerable to another crime problem which
exists on an international scale?the use of
narcotics. No heroin in produced in the
United Stat Is. Ii all comes to this country
from abroad, laiforcement measures in the
United Stales ;:annot by themselves stem
the flow or 'me -.4 heroin. These goals can be
achieved only 1.y a double effort?effective
enforcement in this country plus meaning-
ful, cooperative 'sorts with foreign countries
to either te wart the production or impede
the flow of heroin. Much of the crime in the
United States-- ele worst crime, the crimes
of violence?are caused by heroin addicts.
And thousands of lives are either destroyed
or twisted?these of the addicts themselves.
There wir, be no LEAA technical assist-
ance for pr oblems which are local in na-
ture?no assistance to local police depart-
ments for problems which are domestic in
nature, no rimer:mice to improve court pro-
grams to solve local problems, no assistance
to correctior s seencies to improve local cor-
rections problen 8. Assistance will be offered
only for law enforcement problems which
transcend ns tior al borders.
A number of cooperative efforts with other
nations already being carried out by the
United States lii the area of international
crime. In the rearcotice field, for instance,
the Attorney General last year reported to
the Congress Met Federal drug agents were
located in 44 cites in 31 foreign countries?
working witi those foreign countries to solve
mutual prole ems.
LEAA would lisseminate information to
foreign naticns end international organiza-
tions on new and more effective ways to
combat crimes which have become world-
wide problems. This information would be a
spin-off from otier LEAA-sponsorea activi-
ties?particuteris material developed by its
research office, tee National Institute of Law
Enforcement enc. Criminal Justice. The In-
stitute already is engaged in research in such
areas as developing sensors which sniff out
both heroin and explosives, devices which
detect hidden firearms, and new techniques
which would eneble law enforcement per-
sonnel to prevent a wide variety of crimes.
Though in mortant benefits would result
from technical al sistance to reduce interna-
tional crime problems, this program would
constitute a email part of the over-all LEAA
program. The technical assistance material
to be disseminate d could be information al-
ready developed for the law enforcement and
criminal justice eommunity in the United
States.
DRUG EINT,OREEMENT ADMINISTRATION
The Drug lErifcrcemer t Administration is
particularly concerned with Section 116, be-
cause it threeter s the training program to
foreign police officers directly related to drug
traffic preverreon function.s. In Reorganiza-
tion Plan No. 1 oi ises, 33 P.R. 6965, 82 Stat.
1369, one of the specific functions given to
the newly create-I Bureau of Narcotics and
Dangerous Dr igs now the Drug Enforcement
Administration) "vas to maintain worldwide
operations, W Drki lig closely with other na-
tions, to superese the trade in illicit nar-
cotics and marihuana. This was highlighted
In President Nixeyes Message on Drug Abuse
to the Congress c n June 17, 1971, where he
Stated:
"I am requesting one million dollars to be
used by the leurectu of Narcotics and Dan-
gerous Drugs for training of foreign nar-
cotics enforcer nem personnel. Additional per-
sonnel within the Bureau of Narcotics and
Dangerous Drugs would permit the strength-
ening of the ix ereseigative capacities of ENDD
offices in the 'IS.; as welt as their ability to
assist host governments la the hiring, train-
ing, and depleyrnent of personnel and the
employment oe ne-essary equipment for drug
louse control."
To carry out 1:hi; responsibility the Bureau
of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (now
DEA) asked for, and Congress authorized,
appropriations to assist in the training of
(10p600170001-10ctober 2, 1973
foreign police officers in anti--drug trafficking
measures. For example, in its Budget Esti-
mate for FY 1973, on page 40, it is stated
"The Bureau has increased its role in the
training of United Nations Felloteshipe for
periods ranging from two to six weeks, and
by promoting specialized training; to other
nations." In its Budget Estimate for FY 1973,
on Page 50 it is stated "in 1972, BeEDD accel-
erated its efforts in the training of foreign
law enforcement personnel. Schools were
conducted in the Panama Canal Zone; Sai-
gon, Vietnam; Panama City, Panama; Dub-
lin, Irelane.: Mexico City, Mexico; Rome,
Italy; Santiago, Chile; Lima, Peru; Singapore
Republic; Buenos Aires, Argentine-I Vienna,
Austria; and Manila, PI" A special school
for Turkish officers and an International
Seminar on Illicit Drug Traffic axed Abuse
were held in Washington. Fifteen European
and North American nations and two inter-
national organizations participated."
From 1961 through 1973, over 4,000 foreign
police office's from more than 40 countries
will have received training by the Drug En-
forcement Administration or its predecessor,
BNDD. On several occasions, the United Na-
tions Commission on Narcotic Drugs has
taken special note of this -function, and the
United States representatives have con-
-tinned to encourage member nations to take
advantage of this program. The -interna-
-Lionel train:ing program is designed to in-
crease the capability of foreign drug law en-
eorcement officers to interdict the flow of
drugs before they enter the United -States.
The United States has repeatedly requested
countries to increase their efforts to stop
the trafficking in illicit drugs; it has offered
to help train foreign personnel to develop
administrative and enforcement capabilities,
and elimination or even diminution of the
training program would be seen as a lack
of good faith and threaten the progress we
have made.
Through 'these traheing programs, close
working relations have been develeped be-
tween DEA agents and their counterparts in
foreign countries. This has produced excel-
lent results. Seizures of illicit drugs in for-
eign countries have risen significantly as
our training programs and cooperation have
increated. Enactment of Section 115 pro-
hibiting DEA from conducting any police
training for a- foreign country- would seriously
hamper Untied States programs aimed at
stopping the international drug traffic and
could prove to be detrimental in our ef-
forts to stem the tide of drug abuse.
Therefore, the Drug Enforcement Adminis-
tration strongly opposes enactment of Sec-
Mon 115,
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Section 111- of S. 2335 appears so broadly
worded that it would probably prohibit the
EBI from accepting qualified law enforce-
ment personnel from foreign countries for
training in the FBI National Academy and
undoubtedly would preclude the FBI from
cooperating with Canadian law enforcement
agencies located near the U.S.-Canadian bor-
der in training matters
The FBI National Academy is,
operated
under provisions of Section 404 of Public
Law 90-351 dated 9-19-68. At the specific
request of the President the FBI began a
number of years ago to accept a limited num-
ber of foreign law enforcement officers in
etch session .of the Academy. Generally, no
more than 10 or 11 are accepted for each
session. The idea behind this cooperative
venture was 1;o assist in upgrading law en-
forcement in under developed countries.
Some of the foreign students are recom-
mended by the Agency for International De-
velopment (AID) of the Department de State.
Applicants are also accepted by the FBI on
direct applications from the head of the for-
eign police agency. Final selection of appli-
cants is made by the FBI. AID participation
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CONGRESSIONAL RtCOKD ?
extends only to recommending a country
from which applicants should come. The FBI
makes the candidate selections.
In fiscal year 1973, 42 officers from foreign
countries were trained at the FBI National
Academy. The FBI does not provide grants to
its Academy students; however, no student
is required to pay tuition or for room, board,
supplies, and laundry costs during the 12-
week period. Travel expenses for foreign stu-
dents have been paid either by AID or by
the students own agency. Travel funds are
the only funds from AID.
Countries represented in the training ses-
sions in fiscal year 1973 were: Canada, Aus-
tralia, Malaysia, Thailand, Iran, Lebanon,
Singapore, Taiwan, Hong tong, Cyprus,
Korea, Indonesia, Liberia, Mexico, Sweden,
Norway, Philippines, and the Bahamas.
The cooperative training program with
Canadian laNv enforcement agencies located
along the border is not separately funded.
The only expense incurred involves the time
and travel costs of FBI instrUctors. In fiscal
year 1973, FBI personnel participated in 6
training schools in Canada ttended by 297
officers and involving 38 hours of instruction
by FBI personnel. This segment is the most
important to the FBI because it involves
mutual problems faced by both the United
States and Canada.
Mr. McCLELLAN. Mr. President, I
yipld to the distinguished 'Senator from
Nebraska.
Mr. HRUSKA. Mr. President, I support
Senator MCCLELLAN'S amendment to the
pending bill. It is designed to meet a po-
tential problem regarding section 115.
Section 115 of S. 2335 provides as fol-
lows:
No part of any appropriation made avail-
able to carry out this or any other provision
of law shall be used to conduct any police
training or related program for a foreign
country.
We have been advised that the basic
objective of this provision is to eliminate
the training program currently adminis-
tered by the Department of State's
Agency for International Development,
Office of Public Safety.
Unfortunately, the words "or any other
provision of law" in section 115 of S. 2335
would seem to prohibit the funding of
very important police training programs
presently being conducted or planned by
the Law Enforcement AssiStance Admin-
istration, the Federal Bureau of Investi-
gation, and the new Drug Enforcement
Administration.
LEAA is concerned that section 115
may substantially limit the use of LEAA's
new authority contained in ?section 515
(c) of Public Law 93-83, signed by the
President on August 6, 73. This new
authority 'would allow LEAA:
To cooperate with and render technical
assistance to States, units cif general local
government, combinations of such States,
or units, or other public or private agencies,
organizations, institutions, or international
agencies in matters relating to law enforce-
ment and criminal justice.
The conference report, Senate Report
No. 93-349 at page 31, explained the
scope and limitations of this authority as
follows:
The conference substitute also accepts the
Senate version which adds authority to pro-
vide technical assistance to international law
enforcement agencies as well as national law
enforcement agencies. In recognition of the
international scope of many law enforce-
ment and criminal justice problems the
conferees agreed to give LEAA authority to
provide technical assistance in such areas as
narcotics interdiction, skyjacking, and ter-
rorism. The conferees felt that LEAA's in-
ternational operations should be limited to
providing technical assistance in cases of
this character.
LEAA believes that problems such as
hijacking and terrorism, both of which
cannot be solved by one nation alone,
would be important subjects for techni-
cal assistance.
Another such problem which exists on
an international scale is that of illegal
narcotic trade. We are all aware that
the goal of significant drug interdiction
can only be achieved with meaningful in-
ternational cooperation. LEAA would be
able to translate the knowledge and ex-
pertise developed in this country into
useful suggestions for better narcotics
control worldwide.
LEAA intends that its function under
this new authority would be limited to
the dissemination of information on how
to control these problems of interna-
tional scope. It is not anticipated that
LEAA would become involved in train-
ing law enforcement or other criminal
justice personnel for enforcement of
domestic laws or other programs within
another nation. Furthermore, such inter-
national assistance would not be a major
part of LEAA operations, but would in-
volve only the dissemination of informa-
tion which is a byproduct of other LEAA
activities.
Concerning the FBI, section 115 of S.
2335 may prohibit the Bureau from ac-
cepting qualified law enforcement per-
sonnel from friendly foreign countries
into the FBI National Academy, and
would prevent the Bureau from offering
training assistance, when requested, to
Canadian police agencies located near
the United States-Canadian border.
Authority to conduct the FBI National
Academy for domestic law enforcement
officers is contained in section 404 of
Public Law 90-351, dated June 19, 1968.
For a number of years, the FBI has ac-
cepted a limited number of foreign law
enforcement officers in each session of
the FBI National Academy, usually no
more than 10 or 11. This policy was in-
stituted upon the specific request of the
President as a part of this country's pro-
gram to assist in upgrading the caliber
of law enforcement in underdeveloped
countries.
Most of the foreign students are spon-
sored by the Agency for International
Development (AID) , Department of
State; however, in some instances appli-
cations have been accepted directly from
the head of a foreign police agency not
covered by the AID program. During fis-
cal year 1973, a total of 42 officers, rep-
resenting Canada, Australia, Malaysia,
Thailand, Iran, Lebanon, Singapore, Tai-
wan, Hong Kong, Cyprus, Korea, Indo-
nesia, Liberia, Mexico, Sweden, Norway,
Philippines, and the Bahamas, were en-
rolled in the FBI National Academy. No
financial grant is made by the FBI to any
National Academy student, foreign or do-
mestic, but no National Academy student
is required to pay tuition, room, board,
laundry, and dry cleaning costs, or for
supplies required in connection with the
S 18405
12 weeks of training. Travel expenses for
foreign students are paid either by the
student's agency or by AID, is sponsored
by that agency.
The FBI also has followed the policy of
affording limited training assistance,
when requested, to Canadian law en-
forcement agencies located near the
United States-Canadian border. There is
no funding involved in this assistance;
the only expenses are the time of FBI in-
structors and their travel costs. During
fiscal year 1973, FBI instructors partici-
pated in six training schools in Canada,
attended by 297 officers and involving 38
hours of instruction by FBI personnel.
Additionally, the FBI has mentioned
that the broad language of section 115 of
S.2335 may possibly prohibit FBI coop-
eration with foreign police agencies in
other modest training matters.
The Drug Enforcement Administra-
tion is concerned with section 115, be-
cause it appears to threaten the train-
ing program to foreign police officers di-
rectly related to drug traffic prevention
functions. In Reorganization Plan No. 1
of 1968, 33 F.R. 6965, 82 statute 1369, one
of the specific functions given to the
newly created Bureau of Narcotics and
Dangerous Drugs?now the Drug En-
forcement Administration?was to main-
tain worldwide operations, working
closely with other nations, to suppress
the trade in illicit narcotics and mari-
huana. This was highlighted in President
Nixon's message on Drug Abuse to the
Congress on July 17, 1971, where he
states:
I am requesting one million dollars to be
used by the Bureau of Narcotics and Danger-
ous Drugs for training of foreign narcotics
enforcement personnel. Additional person-
nel within the Bureau of Narcotics and Dan-
gerous Drugs would permit the strengthen-
ing of the investigative capacities of BNDD
offices in the U.S., as well as their ability to
assist host governments in the hiring, train-
ing, and deployment of personnel and the em-
ployment of necessary equipment for drug
abuse control.
To carry out this responsibility the Bu-
reau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs?
now DEA?asked for, and Congress au-
thorized, appropriations to assist in the
training of foreign police officers in anti-
drug trafficking measures. For example,
in its budget estimate for fiscal year
1973, on page 40, it is stated?
The Bureau has increased its role in the
training of United Nations Fellowships for
periods ranging from 2 to 6 weeks, and by
promoting specialized training to other na-
tions.
In its budget estimate for fiscal year
1973, on page 50 it is stated?
In 1972, l8NDD accelerated its efforts in the
training of foreign law enforcement person-
nel. Schools were conducted in the Panama
Canal Zone; Saigon, Vietnam; Panama City,
Panama; Dublin, Ireland; Mexico City, Mex-
ico, Rome, Italy; Santiago, Chile; Lima, Peru;
Singapore Republic; Buenos Aires, Argen-
tina; Vienna, Austria; and Manila, P.I. A spe-
cial school for Turkish officers and an Inter-
national Seminar on Illicit Drug Traffic and
Abuse were held in Washington. Fifteen
European and North American nations and
two international organizations partici-
pated.
From 1969 through 1973, over 4,000
foreign police officers from more than 40
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S 18406 CONGRESSION AL RECORD ? SENATE October A, 1973
countries will have received train:ing by
the Drug Enforcement Administration
or its predecessor, BNDD. On several oc-
casions, the United Nations Commiesion
on Narcotic Drugs has taken special note
of this function, and the United States
representatives have continued to en-
courage member nations to take advan-
tage of this program. The international
training progrannis designed to increase
the capability of foreign drug law en-
forcement officers to interdict the flow of
drugs before they enter the United
States. The United States has repeatedly
requested countries to increase their ef-
forts to stop the trafficking in illicit
drugs; it has offered to help train for-
eign personnel to develop administra-
tive and enforcement capabilities, and
elimination or even diminution of the
training program would be seen as a lack
of good faith and threaten the progress
we have made.
Through these training programs,
close working relations have been de-
veloped between DEA agents and their
counterparts in foreign countries. This
has produced excellent results. Seizures
of illicit drugs in foreign countries have
risen significantly as our training
Prograrne and cooperation have in-
creased. The concern is that enactment
of section 115 may seriously hamper DEA
programs aimed at stopping interna-
tional drug traffic.
We understand that the House-passed
bill which parallels S. 2335 did not con-
tain a provision such as section 115 in S.
2335, and, therefore, if S. 2335 passes in
the Senate, this entire matter will be
open for consideration in conference.
We, therefore, seek an amendment to
S. 2335 to except the authorized Depart-
ment of Justice efforts which I have out-
lined in order to insure protection of
both ongoing, and prospective police
training programs conducted by the
Department of Justice for foreign
countries.
I trust that the distinguished chair-
man of the Committee on Foreign Rela-
tions (Mr_ Feranucur) will see the merit
In our views and recognize that it is
not at all disruptive of his concern and
the concern of the distinguished junior
Senator from Minnesota (Mr. HUM-
PHREY).
We feel that these programs are im-
portant. There is no intention for the
programs covered by Senator MCCLEL-
LAN'S amendment to come within the
sphere of activities prohibited by sec-
tion 115 of S. 2335 as drawn. Therefore,
it is my hope that the amendment will be
agreed to in the form offered by the
Senator from Arkansas.
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, could I
ask a clerifying question of the sponsors
of the amendment? In the programs that
the two Senators are sponsoring, there
is the program they wish to exempt. Does
this in Valve a situation of sending abroad
American personnel to advise or train
a foreign police force?
Mr. McCLELLAN. No: This is solely
confined to these particular crimes we
have identified and which deal with such
international problem as drugs, skyjack-
ing, terrorism, and serious crimes across
internatioaal borders.
Most of the international activities of
these Federa agencies would involve
technical assietance and exchange of in-
formation on law enforcement matters
vital to crime :oar& in this country. Ad-
ditionally, the FBI individually selects a
small number of law enforcement per-
sonnel fro n various foreign countries to
receive tr lining at the National FBI
Academy. This program has the objec-
tive of improving the caliber of individ-
ual law er foreement officials and is not
designed to train a foreign police force
to influenee domestic law enforcement
policies.
Mr. HRUSKA. Mr. President, if the
Senator woult yield, I would like to sub-
scribe to the answers given by the Sena-
tor from arks/leas. My statement and
the statement of the Senator from Ar-
kansas spenifh ally describe the scope and
training that a given the people abroad.
As I previcusle indicated they do not fall
within the are a of activities that section
115 of S. 2335 seeks to cover.
Mr. McCLELLAN. There is no inten-
tion to au tholze a program to train a
foreign pclice force for their internal
purposes. The primary areas covered by
my amenetnert are those where we have
a direct interest in protecting our own
safety in cur own country.
Mr. McCiElL Mr. President, I have a
question related to that, if I might ask it
in behalf of the Senator from Minne-
sota (Mr. Heenniaey), the manager of
the bill.
I put this euestion in his behalf. He
states that he has some concern that the
AID public safety program which the
committee amendment would abolish
may be transferred en bloc to the Justice
Department as some agency other than
AID. Is that s uthority sought to be ex-
empted by this amendment? Can the
sponsors o! tt is amendment assure the
Senate that that is not the intent?
Mr. McCLELLAN. Mr. President, I can
assure the Senate that there is no intent
to authorize he transfer of the AID
public safety program to the Depart-
ment of Justicti or any other agency.
It simply excludes activities presently
authorized for LEAA, DEA, and the FBI
from the provisions in the bill. It says
that this section shall not be applicable
to certain specific things. It transfers
nothing.
Mr. ABOUREZK. Mr. President, if the
Senator evil :led, I am sorry that I
missed the first part of the Senator's ex-
planation. What does it exempt?
The PRESTOMIG OFFICER. The time
of the Senatcr from Arkansas has ex-
pired.
Mr. McCEE. Mr. President, I am glad
to yield whateeer time is necessary.
Mr .ABOLTREZK. Mr. President, what
does it spenfit ally exempt from section
115?
Mr. McCLELLAN. Mr. President, the
a,mendmen; says:
This section shall not apply with respect to
assistance rendered under section 515(c) of
the Omnibus Crane Control and Safe Streets
Act af 1968, as Amended, or with respect to
any anti:10E11y cy:' the Drug Enforcement Ad-
ministration or the Federal Bureau of In-
vestigation
Mr. ABOUREZK. Mr. President, is the
LEAA ins Dived in providing money to
foreign governments?
Mr. McCLELLAN. No. LEAA, DEA, and
the FBI are involved in helping to cur-
tail serious law enforcement problems
that are international in nature, such as
illegal drug traffic, and reduce the effect
which these problems have upon this
country. That is the purpose bar which
we seek an exemption for these partic-
leer agendes from section 115. ,
Mr. ABOURF2K. Mr. President, with
section 115 in the bill, what effect does
that have on LEAA? I was not aware of
that.
Mr. we:LEMAN. The section in the
bill?
Mr. ABOUREZK. Yes.
Mr. McCLELLAN. Section 115 of the
bill reads as follows:
PROHIBITING POLICE TRAINING.?NO part of
any appropriation made available to carry
out this or any other provision of law shall
be used to conduct any police training or
related program for a foreign country.
That "related program" is the thing
that prevents the LEAA from cooperat-
ing with and furnishing technical assist-
ance to international agencies in trying
to stem, for example, the drug traffic into
and from this country. If we take it this
far, we simply preclude this Government
from being able to give and obtain in-
terational cooperation and assistance in
the drug traffic problem.
Mr. ABOUREZK. Yes. That explains it
to me.
Mr. McCLELLAN. That is the purpose
of it.
Mr. ABOUREZIK. If the Senator Will
yield for another question, did the Sen-
ator talk about FBI training?
Mr .McCLELLAN. Yes. We have a pro-
gram with our neighbor, Canada. We
send instructors up to Canadian schools
to train erimarily with respect to our
border protection.
Mr. ABOUREZK. And that only goes
for Canada, that FBI training?
Mr. MciaLFLLAN. Yes, as far as I
know.
Mr. ABOUREZIC Is there any inten-
tion on the part of the authors of the
amendment to provide for Justice De-
partment training or FBI training to
any of the governments that: receive
money under the Foreign Aid Act?
Mr .McCLELLAN. No, that is not the
case. Let me read a memorandum from
the FBI. so that there will be no misun-
derstanding about it. I have put it into
the RECOR1), but it reads as follows:
Section 115 of S. 2335 appears so broadly
worded that it would probably prohibit the
FBI from accepting qualified law enforce-
ment personnel from foreign countries for
training in the FBI National Academy and
undoubtedly would preclude the FBI from
cooperating with Canadian law enforcement
agencies located near the U.S.-Canadian bor-
der in training matters.
The FBI National Academy is operated un-
der provisions of Section 404 of Public Law
90-351 dated 9-19-63. At the specific request
of the President the FBI began a number of
years ago to accept a limited 'limber of
foreign law enforcement officers in each sea-
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slon of the Academy. Generally, no more
than 10 or 11 are accepted for each session.
The idea behind this conperative venture
was to assist in upgrading law enforcement
In underdeveloped countries. Some of the
foreign students are recommended by the
Agency for International Development
(AID) of the Department of State. Appli-
cants are also accepted by the MI on direct
applications from the head of the foreign
police agency. Final selection of applicants
is made by the FBI.
In fiscal year 1973, 42 officers from for-
eign countries were trained at the FBI Na-
tional Academy. The FBI does not provide
grants to its Academy stndents; however,
no student is required to pay tuition or for
room, board, supplies, and laundry costs
during the 12-week period. Travel expenses
for foreign students have been paid either
by AID or by the students' own agency.
Travel funds are the only funds from AID.
Here are the countries, that have had
students here at the FBI Academy:
Countries represented in the training ses-
sions in fiscal year 1973 were: Canada, Aus-
tralia, Malaysia, Thailand, Iran, Lebanon,
Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Cyprus, In-
donesia, Liberia, Mexico, Sweden, Norway,
Philippines, and the Bahamas.
This is a program that has been going
on for years.
Mr. ABOUREZK. Let me ask my col-
league--
Mr. McCLELLAN. I think this meas-
ure as written would stop that program
unless the amendment T1, accepted. It
would stop it, if that is w at the Senate
wishes to do.
Mr. ABOUREZK. I wonder if my col-
league from Arkansas might be able to
assure the Senate that it, is not the in-
tention of the author of the amendment
to carry on the police training that has
been carried on by AID under the pre-
vious provision.
Mr. McCLELLAN. Absrtely not. All
we are trying to do here is o permit these
three Federal agencies to, continue sev-
eral beneficial programs in this field. The
language in the present bill, in my judg-
ment, is broad enough to ,prohibit all of
that. I do not think that was the inten-
tion of section 115.
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, might I
Inject at that point that we had that
assurance from the sponsors of the
amendment, I think perhaps before the
Senator from South Dakota came to the
floor, and it was in strong, unadulterated
language.
Mr. McCLELLAN. That is not the in-
tention. We are only trying to preserve
what we are doing here tha,t is absolutely
essential and has nothing to do with
what I understood was the prime objec-
tive of this provision. But, the provision
as written is so broad it, goes farther
than the author of the provision intended
Unless we do this, we are handicapping
ourselves.
Mr. ABOUREZK. As I was the author
of this particular section, submitted it
to the Committee on Foreign Relations
and they did put it in the bill during their
committee sessions.
Mr. McCLELLAN. I did not know that
the distinguished Senator as the author.
Mr. ABOUREZK. No; I just wanted to
say that was the reason for my concern,
that an amendment such as this does
not abrogate that particular section.
Mr. McCLELLAN. I think we have
been ample in making certain the in-
tent. ?
Mr. ABOUREZK. I thank the distin-
guished Senator from Arkansas.
Mr. McGEE, Mr. President, how much
time do I have remaining?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator from Wyoming has 5 minutes.
Mr. McGEE. I promised to yield 2 min-
utes to the Senator from Nebraska.
Mr. HRUSKA. Mr. President, the col-
loquy between the Senator from Arkan-
sas and the Senator from South Dakota
has been very interesting and I believe
necessary. I am glad the scope of these
training activities has been so well
covered.
The Senate and the House of Repre-
sentatives have considered this subject
in their conference report on the LEAA
bill this year. I read this very pertinent
passage from Senate Report No. 93-349:
In recognition of the international scope
of many law enforcement and criminal jus-
tice problems the conferees agreed to give
LEAA authority to provide technical assist-
ance in such areas as narcotics interdiction,
skyjacking, and terrorism. The conferees felt
that LEAA's international operations should
be limited to providing technical assistance
In cases of this character.
The problems mentioned in this pas-
sage are suggestive of the particular ac-
tivities in which LEAA desires to become
Involved. As indicated, the thrust of
LEAA efforts in such problems will be
in the area of technical assistance and
related matters.
The Drug Enforcement Administration
and the Federal Bureau of Investigation
have similar limitations upon programs
involving foreign countries. This Senator
is satisfied that all three agencies will
properly conduct their activities so that
these limited objectives are met. The
amendment of the Senator from Arkan-
sas has a purpose consistent with these
objectives.
Mr. McGEE. I thank the Senator from
Nebraska for his clarification. Does the
Senator from New York wish to speak?
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, in order
to give us more time, I have sent an
amendment to the amendment to the
desk. The purpose is only to give us more
time, because I do think this is a
serious matter, and widely advertised,
and it should be fairly discussed. So I
will await my turn, or take the time now,
whatever the Senator wishes, and proceed
to a vote, that the Senator from New
York should proceed, then, under the
time won by the introduction of this
amendment.
The PRESIDING 0.10PICER (Mr.
HELMS). Does the Senator yield back his
time?
Mr. McGEE. I yield back the remainder
of my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. In that
case, the Senator from New York is
recognized.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I send to
the desk an amendment to the amend-
ment and ask that it be stated.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
amendment will be stated.
The second assistant legislative clerk
read the amendment:
S 18407
Strike the period and add: "which relates
to crimes of the nature which are unlawful
under the laws of the United States."
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, this raises
the question, in this amendment:
To strike the period and add: which re-
lates to crimes of the nature which are un-
lawful under the laws of the United States.
Now, Mr. President, I am for this
amendment, if confined to what the au-
thors have in mind. In order to make
that clear and get action on it, we must
understand what the author of section
15 had in mind. I realize he was here, a
short time ago, but let me be his lawyer
for a minute. What he had in mind, as
I understand it, and I was ardent for
it in the committee, was the kind of in-
volvement which we ran into in Brazil
and elsewhere, where we had to give aid
to police forces and where it was charged
there as police persecution and torture,
and so forth, and that there could be a
colorable link between the aid we gave
and what all these policemen may have
known or learned about the despicable
methods which are antihuman as well
as antilegal in the United States.
So I think that what we are all trying
to do, I might say to my colleagues?and
I am with them?I want to be sure that
we understand each other, to be sure
that, under any guise, that link should
not be established. That is what the pur-
pose of this is about. Because it was such
a horrendous thing that we all faced,
this was made blanket in its application.
I agree that the two sentences involved
are broader than they really needed to
be.
Now a question. Are we doing both
jobs which we all have in mind to do
if we put a limitation on it, because sec-
tion 515, which the assistant to Senator
HRUSKA was kind enough to show me,
dealing with technical assistance in re-
lation to the enforcement of criminal
law and therefore in an effort, as it were,
to insure us against excesses and if it is
unrefined, it can be properly refined in
conference, so that it occurred to me
that if we limit technical assistance to
the kind of acts or attempts to act by
what is unlawful under the laws of the
United States, we would be omitting this
whole area with political connotations
because obviously torture, barbarism, de-
nial of confrontation, and so forth, are
all unlawful under the laws of the United
States.
I just submit that to my colleagues.
As I say, I have no desire to stand in their
way, but simply submit it as a way out
of what seems to be a little dilemma of
definition.
Mr. HRUSKA. Mr. President, there is
not any dilemma as a matter of fact. The
primary intent of the amendment of the
Senator from Arkansas, is a limitation
in an affirmative and constructive way.
It would not be necessary, in my judg-
ment, to have the additional language
proposed by the Senator from New York.
With this discussion and explanation, it
seems to me that the legislative history
will be sufficiently adequate to satisfy
the questions raised by the Senator from
New York.
Mr. JAVITS. If the Senator will allow
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S 18408 CONGRESSICNAL RECORD ? SUVA 1 t uctober 2, 1973
me to proceed on my own time, as I. am
a conferee, I ha* such confidence in the
views of the conferees that I would be
prepared to say that if the Senator who
proposed the proposition it willing that
the amendment should be taken to con-
ference, with the understanding that if,
on further study, it needs the kind of
refinement which I have suggested, it
will be made, as our purpose is crystal
clear, that we are confining it to acts
criminal under the laws and the morality
of the United States in terms of tech-
nical assistance and not other things.
Mr. HRUSK.A. Speaking for myself,
this Senator would have no objectiou to
any additions. We have confidence in his
objective and his desire to achieve it. I
defer, hoWever, to the chairman, the Sen-
ator from Arkansas (Mr. McCemases).
_seer. McCLELLAN Mr. President, I
would only say that, of course. no one
has any -desire here to try to help en-
forcement of the laws of a foreign coun-
try that would be in conflict with the
laws of this country. The whole purpose
is to protect the United States. I cannot
conceive that we would be giving: any
technical assistance in connection with
some crime that is generally not a crime
in the United States. I do not see any
real harm in the Senator's modification
of the amendment, but I would suggest
that the manager of the bill take it to
conference and study it further. If this
language is required or any other lan-
guage to confine it as we intend it and as
we made the legislative history here, to
so incorporate it in the conference re-
port. -
Mr. JAVITS. I thank my colleague. Let
me make one other Pointe that we have
various problems with the House con-
ferees on the subject of geneaneriess.
Maybe, and I submit this to Senator
HRUSKA as well, we should make it larger
rather than smaller, and take the
amendment to conference so that we will
have ample room in which to do What-
ever the intent of the matter indicates.
Mr. BRUSKA. I have no objection.
Mr. McCLELLAN. Mr. President, let
me say that we will accept the amend-
ment so far as the authors of this amend-
ment are concerned. We accept the
amendment of the Senator from New
York.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator from Arkansas accepts the modifi-
cation?
Mr. MeCLELLAN. Yes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
amendment of the Senator from Arkan-
sas is so modified_
Mr. jAVITS. Mr. President, I yield
back the remainder of my time.
Mr. McCLELLAN. Mr. President, I
yield back the remainder of my time.
Mr. President, I modify my amend-
ment to incorporate the language of the
Senator from New York.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ques-
tion is on agreeing to the amendment
of the Senator from Arkansas (Mr.
MCCLELLAN) as modified.
The amendment was agreed to.
Mr. IIRUSSA. Mr. President, I move
that the vote by which the amendment
was agreed to be reconsidered.
Mr. JAM'S. Mr. President, I move to
lay that M01013 on the table.
The motion to lay on the table was
agreed to.
Mr. MeGEE. Mr. President, I have a
matter here that is for purposes of clari-
fication of he intent of the committee's
action as noir ted out to me by staff
members who prepared the report on the
Pending lesisletion. It relates to the
amount of nmney authorized for the
voluntary coot abutions programs in the
United Nations. Under the original
resolution, that sum was to be in toto
about $124 million, because of the
further stipule tion that 6 percent was
to be an across. -the-board cut in the aid
programs.
In genenie this cut was also made in
the voluntary programs in the United
Nations. It is stir recollection that this
was not the in salt in the committee, for
this reason: Ir. the voluntary programs,
the commi ;tee had accepted the point
that due to the success of the Govern-
ment of the United States in the preced-
ing assemby hist year of the United Na-
tions in get: lag its regular budgetary per-
centage reduce d to 25 percent, and be-
cause that sue oess was tied to trying to
hold the United Nations Development
Program at the same figure last year, of
$90 millior. out of this total, that the
voluntary arceram appropriations were
to be exempted from the 6 percent.
Therefore, thi t is the purpose of the
amendment winch I have been instructed
by the managar of the bill the Senator
from Minnesota (Mr. HUMPHREY) would
be acceptable, as the manager, to him.
I am simple spoiling it out for the record.
Because Congress, in its wisdom, added
$3 million to The UNICEF program un-
der the Un led Nations, that sum already
has been added. Thus, to adjust the books
for the intent, the figure that would be
restored a rcughly $7.8 million. That
brings it tato .he balance of the original
figure, plw th3 6 percent we had cut out
originally, uni itentionally, in the report.
So my amendment, which I send to the
desk, seeks to correct that factor. I have
discussed his matter with the Senator
from Virgi ala, who has a deep interest in
this matter, end with others who had
been involved in intent with respect to
this matter. hat is the essence of the
explanation o: the intent.
The PliEE4DING OterICER. The
amendment will be stated.
The assistant legislative clerk read as
follows:
On page 12, f trike out line 2 and insert In
lieu thereof the following: "each of the fiscal
years 1974 and 1975 5127,822,000."
Mr. McCEIr Mr. President, the amend-
ment I am offering to S. 2335 is designed
to clear ur a ciscrepancy betwen the line
item on centributions to the United Na-
tions voluatssee funds approved by the
Committee on Foreign Relations and the
section of the committee report author-
izing fund: ng :or the voluntary programs.
I am joined hi this effort by my distin-
guished colleegues from New York (Mr.
Jsvies), fdassehusetts (Mr. BROOKE),
and Illinois (Mr. STEVENSON).
Briefly, the line item in the committee
report ealed for an authorization of
$124,822,01)0 for U.N. voluntary programs.
However, the section of the report ex-
plaining our participation in these pro-
grams stipulated an authorization of
$120 million, with an additional $3 mil-
lion for UNICEF above the administra-
tion request.
The effect of this discrepancy is to
leave us with a shortfall of $7,822,000
authorized for the U.N. voluntary pro-
grams. Even though the line item author-
:ization in the committee report calls for
a $90 million contribution to the United
Nations Development ' Program, the
shortfall would result in a $7,822,000
decrease in. our UNDP effort since that
program is by far our largest contributive
effort
Since it as vital that our participation
in UNDP be funded at a minimum level
of $90 million, my colleagues and I have
offered this amendment to increase our
total contribution to the voluntary pro-
grams by $7,822,000 in fiscal 1974. Since
this authorization bill is for fiscal years
1974 and 1975, our amendment does not
place a restriction on any authorization
for fiscal 1975.
The reason for this is simple. At aa$90
million level in fiscal 1974, our contribu-
tion to UNDP is about 28 percent of the
total international contribution to this
program. However, should we place a $90
million restriction on our contribution
for fiscal 1975, we would fall to about 22
percent of the total international par-
ticipation in the program.
The United Nations Development Pro-
gram is one of the most critical of the
voluntary ? programs, both from our
standpoint and from the standpoint of
the developing world. The less developed
nations of the world view our participa-
tion in this program as an indication of
our commitment to the United Nations
itself. During the 27th General Assembly
of the United Nations, my primary re-
sponsibility, as a delegate, was to obtain
General Assembly approval of the U.S.
resolution calling for a reduction of our
assessed contribution from 31.5 percent
to 25 percent. As all of you are aware,
we were successful in this effort. How-
ever, in order to alleviate fears on the
Part of /mew nations, including both the
developed and less developed countries,
I pointed out that we would actively seek
to increase our participation In the
voluntary programs as a visible sign that
the United States was not attempting to
downgrade its role at the U.N.
It is for this reason that the amend-
ment actually contains two provisions?
one which would increase our contribu-
tion to U.N. voluntary programs by $7,-
822,000 in fiscal year 1974, and an open-
end provision for fiscal year 1975 which
would allow us to contribute "such funds
as may be necessary" to the voluntary
agencies.
My colleagues who have joined me in
this effort and I believe that it is vitally
important that we demonstaate the
United States has a continuing strong in-
terest and stake in the United Nations.
We, therefore, urge acceptance of this
amendment.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who
yields time?
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I suggest
the absence of a quorum, and I ask unan-
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imous consent that time be charged
equally to both sides.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
The ,clerk will call the roll.
The second assistant legislative clerk
proceeded to call the roll.
Mr. McGEE. Mr. PreSident, I ask
unanimous consent that the order for the
quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, what is the
pending question?
The PRESIDING 01*10ER. The
pending question is the amendment of
the Senator from Wyomilg and others.
Mr. McGEE. Mr. Presi ent, we have
had a discussion of the perfecting lan-
guage on the amendment which is at the
desk. I am empowered by the manager
of the bill to accept the language in order
to clear up the intent.
Therefore, I am prepared to yield back
the remainder cef my time.
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, . Mr. Presi-
dent, will the Senator yield?
Mr. McGEE. I yield.
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. I do not
oppose what is advocated by the Senator
from Wyoming, but I wish to reserve the
right when the appropriation bill is be-
fore the. Senate to give further consid-
eration to this matter.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Do Sen-
ators yield back their time?
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, I am pre-
pared to yield back the time on this side.
I yield back time on both sides if there
is no objection.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, no objec-
tion. We yield back our time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ques-
tion is on agreeing to the amendment of
the Senator from Wyoming and others.
The amendment was .agreed to.
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I call
up my amendment No. 569.,
The PRESIDING OITICER. The
amendment will be stated.
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I ask
that I be permitted to submit a substitute
amendment.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator has a right to modify his
amendment.
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I wish
to substitute another amendment.
The PRESIDING OFFIC.e.U. The
amendment will be stated. ,
The assistant legislative clerk proceed-
ed to read the amendment.,
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President., I ask
unanimous consent that further read-
ing of the amendment be dispensed
with.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is ordered; and, with-
out objection, the amendment will be
printed in the RECORD.
The amendment, ordered to be printed
In the RECORD, is as follows:,
On page 31 after line 13, insert the fol-
lowing new section:
"RIGHTS IN CHILE
"SEC. 23. , (a) It is the sense of the Con-
gress that (1) the President should deny
Chile any economic or military assistance,
other than humanitarian assistance, until he
finds that the Government of Chile is pro-
tooting the human rights of all individuals.
Chilean and foreign, as provided in the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the
Convention and Protocol Relating the Status
of Refugees, and other relevant international
legal instruments guaranteeing the granting
of asylum, safe conduct, and the humane
treatment or release of prisoners; (2) that
the President should support international
humanitarian initiatives by the United Na-
tions High Commissioner for Refugees and
the International Committee of the Red
Cross to insure the protection and safe con-
duct and resettlement of political refugees,
the humane treatment of political prisoners,
and the full inspection of detention facili-
ties under international auspices; (3) that
the President should be prepared to provide
asylum and resettlement opportunities under
appropriate provisions of the Immigration
and Nationality Act to a reasonable number
of political refugees; (4) that the President
should support and facilitate efforts by vol-
untary agencies to meet emergency relief
needs; (5) that the President should re-
quest of the Inter-American Commission on
Human Rights to undertake an immediate
inquiry into recent events occurring in
Chile."
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I be-
lieve this is the minimum step that can
be taken at this time to demonstrate our
deep concern over events taking place in
Chile and over the continued silence by
the administration on human rights in
Chile.
Mr. President, this is a sense-of-the-
Congress resolution.
It would state:
First, that the President should deny
any economic or military assistance,
other than humanitarian aid, until the
President certifies that Chile is respect
universal declaration of human rights
and other agreements concerning pro-
tection of refugees.
Second, that the President should en-
courage international humanitarian
initiatives by the United Nation's high
commissioner for refugees and the in-
ternational committee of the Red Cross
to insure the protection, safe conduct
and resettlement of political refugees
and the humane treatment.
Third, that the President should be
prepared to provide asylum and resettle-
ment opportunities under appropriate
provisions of the immigration and na-
tionality act to a reasonable number of
political refugees.
Fourth, that the President should
support and facilitate efforts by volun-
tary agencies to meet emergency relief
needs.
And finally, that the President should
request of the Inter-American Commis-
sion on Human Rights to undertake an
immediate inquiry into recent events
occurring in Chile.
Mr. HTJMPHREY. Mr. President, I am
sure this amendment is very acceptable.
If the Senator is agreeable, I believe we
can move right along. I agree it is a
minimum step but a very vital and im-
portant one, and we should have a vote
on it.
Mr. President, this amendment ex-
presses my own deep sense of shack at
the continued violation of human rights
occurring in Chile. I stand as well to corn-
demn the continued silence of the
Government of the United States, which
has not issued a single public expression
of, remorse over the military coup which
toppled a democratically elected govern-
ment or over the deaths, beatings,
brutality, and repression which have
occurred in that land.
Administration officials have said they
have no confirmation of the reports of
8,000 to 12,000 dead or the reports of
widespread summary executions.
Is not it enough that the junta itself
has admitted summary executions? Is not
it enough that books are being burned in
the streets of Santiago? Is not it enough
that witnesses have testified to hearing
men moan from being beaten? Is not it
enough that a military dictatorship is
being erected, a military dictatorship
which proudly extolls the example of
Indonesia, where hundreds of thousands
of people were slaughtered?
While our immediate concerns have
been for the safety of Americans detained
in Chile and in the threats to the lives of
some 13,000 political refugees from other
nations, we cannot fail to express our
outrage at what has occurred to Chileans
as well.
Beyond the summary execution of an
untold number of Chileans and for-
eigners, the measures of repression in-
clude the abolition of the largest labor
federation in Chile; the removal of all
elected mayors and councilmen of city
governments; the removal of all uni-
versity rectors; the suspension of rights
of all political parties; the suspension of
the Congress; the imposition of heavy
censorship on media permitted to operate
and the suspension of all others; the sus-
pension of civil rights and the civil
system of law.
Two days from now, the World Con-
gress of Parliamentarians was to have
been held in Santiago, Chile. This inter-
parliamentary session has been can-
celed because the Congress that issued
that invitation no longer exists. The
military junta has closed its doors, and
has jailed or placed on wanted lists at
least 20 Chilean Senators and 50 Chilean
Representatives?men who were elected
to office under the banner of legal polit-
ical parties supporting the martyred
President Salvadore Allende.
I ask now and urge our Government
to ask; where are these Chilean Con-
gressmen and why are they not released
or given an opportunity to emigrate in
safety?
I ask now and urge our Government
to ask as well, where are the men ap-
pointed to government posts under Al-
lende and why are not they given their
freedom, men like Orlando Letelier who
served as Ambassador here in Washing-
ton and returned to Santiago a few
months ago as Minister of Defense; men
like Jacques Chonchol, former Minister
of Agriculture; men like former minis-
ter Clodomiro Almeyda and other gov-
ernment appointees?
There is no middle ground. One can-
not adhere to values of individual liberty
and then remain silent while those values
are destroyed. Nor can one applaud the
rapid and willing recognition of the new
regime 13 days after the overthrow of a
democratic elected government. The ex-
planation given was that we did not want
to be the first nor the last to recognize
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S 18410 CONGR1ESSIONAL RECORD ?SENATE October 2., 1973
the junta as the government in fact in
Chile.
Could we not at least have waited un-
til the sound of gunfire had ceased to
break the night In Santiago? Could we
not have waited until submachinegun
carrying soldiers no longer were on street
corners, until the thousands imprisoned
in Estaciio Chile and Estadio Nacional
had been released? Could we not have
waited -until political prisoners and po-
litical refugees had been given a claince
to depart the country in safety? Osuld
we not have waited until the blood
stopped flowing in Chile?
Yesterday John Barnes of Newsweek
magazine reported a series of events that
reflect the worst as to the magnitude of
the tlikere*seed fen larinall livfe and human
rights of the arlditarY Junto. Barnes re-
potted- Wing VS dead bodies in the
l'elsease-eity ressitlfue, most apparalitly executed
by a sae* shot Under etre thin and oth-
ers SaterifichisieeMianed. The next day he
rettumfedillid Isiand =Wier 70 bodies.
The ':i*Ifiate flieboominittee on Ref-
ugees, evhich I serve as chainman, held
a hearing last Friday at which Amer-
ican citizens who had left Chile in the
Past few days testified. All testified to
the atreiosphere of fear that pervaded
the country. Two Who had been impris-
oned in Estadio Nacional testified to
watching groups of 30 led onto the play-
ing field and then heard bursts of gun-
fire; then only the guards returned. An-
other testified to being told by a dental
surgeon who had been in Estadio Chile
that he had seen three Bolivians led off
after an officer ordered "Liquidelos"?
get rid of them. Moments later, the sur-
geon heard a short burst of submachine-
gun fire and the sound of bodies falling
to the ground.
The subcommittee also has received
Information from the head of an Ameri-
can institution in Chile who was told
on the day of the coup by an army col-
onel?who was in favor of the coup but
horrified by the brutality taking place?
that 200 Chileans had been interrogated
and then summarily executed. The staff
also learned that the head of a Chilean
educational institution had been called to
the morgue to identify a student who
had ben detained by the military. The
student reportedly had been shot ie, the
face. The educator also saw some 100
bodies, all apparently shot, still uniden-
tified in the morgue. Finally, an estimate
of the number of dead from an Ameiican
in an official capacity was reported as be
tween 8,000 to 12,000.
What is most frightening is that th
are the reports we have heard from San
tiago alone. From the country's interior
there has been virtually no news. And if
the evidence of tanks rumbling through
the poor barrios of Santiago is any in-
dication, it is among the poor, those who
identified most with the Allende regime,
where the military has been least re-
strained. What will come from the coun-
tryside in the next several weeks may be
the worst yet to be made public.
Along with Senator Meenies, I intro-
duced a resolution a week ago, which I
ask unanimous consent to have printed
in the RECORD at the conclusion of ray re-
marks. Tina; r !solution urges the Presi-
dent to regime the Government of Chile
to respect the -.)rovisions of the universal
declaration of human rights and other
interne,tior al agreements concerning
refugees and isslitical prisoners. That is
;still to be drie
I also he ve : equested the following:
First, OW Ck :.vernment--at the highest
levels?should give some public assurance
of active cones rn over the bloodshed and
violation o. hinna.n rights in Chile.
Second, )ur Government should make
strong diplomatic representations to the
military gevernment of Chile, in support
of Internet Ions l humanitarian initiatives
in behalf o! Chilean national and foreign
residents, in n heel of protection and help.
Specifically, eur Government should
strongly support efforts by the United
Nations Hien Commissioner for Refugees
to insure the protection, and eaie con-
duct to resettl !ment elsewhere, of politi-
cal refugees in Chile. We should also
strongly suppert efforts by the interna-
tional corneae ee of the Red Cross to in-
sure the hum ale treatment of political
prisoners and :till inspection of detention
facilities undei7 Red Cross auspices.
Third, as we do for refugees from other
areas, our Clevernreent should be pre-
pared to proviee asylum and resettlement
opportunities Lo a reasonable number of
Politital refugees from Chile, under the
parole prcrrisiens of the Immigration and
Nationality Act.
Fourth, our Government should im-
mediately support and facilitate efforts
of voluntary a eencies and others in help-
ing to mee; any emergency relief needs?
including :!ooc.. and medicines?resulting
from the eivil strife in Chile.
Fifth, with the exception of emergency
humanitarian assistance to the people of
Chile, we should be in no hurry to pro-
vide any aaslsl ance to a regime which has
come to 'sewer through a violent military
coup?especially after years of denying
bilateral ocoromic assistance and im-
peding multils teral assistance to a demo-
cratically elested government. Clearly,
we should halt all military assistance to
that gover arm !lit.
The pelf.* of this administration
toward the pondous government of Chile
places a speeial responsibility on the
United States in the case of Chile.
From the :1 FT hearings conducted by
the Senate a ubcommittee on Multina-
tional Cox per itions of the Senate For-
eign Rela tints Committee, we learned
that the SD-called Forty Committee, in-
cluding repre ,entatives of the National
Security Couecil, tlCIA d other in-
telligence ageecies, as we 1 as the Armed
Forces met as early as June 1970 to ap-
prove a ,overt propaganda campaign
against the eandidacy of the Allende
ticket. We know that a further meeting
of this body met soon after President
Allende received a majority of the votes
cast in Chile's presidential election. Sub-
sequently we know that there was fre-
quent con-act between ITT and CIA offi-
cials concerning the possibilitrareltert-
ing economic pressures on the Allende
governme:
We have seen the evidence of a policy
of economic denial imposed by this ad-
ministration. 'The administration blocked
Export-Import Bank financing of com-
mercial jets for Chile's National Airlines
as a way of pressuring Chile on the mat-
ter of the copper expropriation.
In the Inter-American Development
Bank and other multilateral lending or-
ganizations, similar heavy-handed poli-
cies were used to impede almost all new
loans to Chile.
Our own bilateral development loans to
Chile came to a halt. Only in the area of
military assistance did we continue to
provide aid. In 1971, we provided $5 mil-
lion in military credits to Chile and
again in December 1972 we provided $10
million in credits. Once more this year
we extended additional credits for the
purchase of F-SE fighter Jets.
These policies clearly produced addi-
tional severe pressures on the Allende
regime and contributed to an unknown
degree to the cascading economic difficul-
ties that set the stage fqr the recent mili-
tary coup.
For all of these reasons, I would hope,
that there would be a special sense of re-
sponsibility on the Part of this. Govern-
ment to do everything in its power to try
and protect the rights of all individuals
now threatened by the military rule in
Chile-150 years ago, Simon Bolivar
wrote his 'letter From Jamaica"' offering
this prediction:
If any American republic is to have a long
life, I am inclined to believe it will be Chile.
There the spirit of liberty has never been
extinguished ... in a word, it is possible for
Mile to be free.
To a great degree since 1830. Chile has
been free and democratic and this his-
tory, a history that has earned Chile the
admiration of free men everywhere,
makes what has taken place in the last
2 weeks more difficult to accept and
more trate to witness.
There being no objection, the articles
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
SLAUGHTERHOUSE IN SANIIAGO
Pablo Neruda, Chile's Nobel Prize-winning
poet, was dead of cancer, anct even as his
body was lowered into its grave, his country-
men set about trying to murder his words.
Books of all kinds, not only Neruda's but
those by Mao and Marx and Marcuse, were
seized by the tens of thousands from homes,
bookstores and libraries and then fed to bon-
fires in the streets of Santiago. And the mili-
tary junta that has ruled Chile for three
weeks didn't stop there. Chilean universities,
once proud bastions of independence, were
purged of suspected leftists, and ordinary
people learned to dread the midnight knock
on the door. All that was bad enough, but
NEWSWEEK correspondent John Barnes dis-
covered last week that the reign of terror has
already gone much further than most people
thought. Below, Barnes's report:
The military junta will not admit that
there have been mass executions since the
overthrow of Salvador Allende's Marxist gov-
ernment. "We have executed perhaps eight
people sines then for shooting at troops,"
Col. Pedro Ewing told newsmen. But that
simply is not true. Last week, I slipped
through a side door into the Santiago city
morgue, flashing my Junta press pass with
all the impatient authority of a high official.
One hundred and fifty dead bodies were laid
out on the ground floor, awaiting identifica-
tion by family members. Upstairs, / passed
through a swing door and there in a dimly
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lit corridor lay at least 50 more bodied,
squeezed one against another, their heads
propped up against the wall. They were all
naked.
Most had been shot at close range under
the chin. Some had been machine-gunned in
the body. Their chests had been slit open and
sewn together grotesquely in what presum-
ably had been a pro forma autopsy. They
were all young and, judging from the rough-
ness of their hands, all from the working
class. A couple of them were girls, distin-
guishable among the massed bodies only by
the curves of their breasts. Most of their
heads had been crushed. I remained for per-
haps two minutes at most, then left the
building.
The next day I returned to the morgue
with a Chilean friend se that I would have
a witness. I also took along a camera. As X
Walked through the swing doors of the cor-
ridor, the sickly sweet smell of the decom-
posing bodies almost knocked me back. There
Were More bodies, perhaps 70, and they were
different from the day before. Just as I was
pulling the camera from my jacket, a man
in a white coat walked through the doors at
the other end of the corridor. "What do you,
Want?" he asked. *Tin looking for the bath-
room," I said. "Come with me," he said. As I
followed him, I took a sharp right and ran
out of the building. He shouted after me
but did not try to follow. I did not have the
courage to try again. Later, in my hotel
room, my friend burst into tears. "These were
my countrymen," he cried. "My God, what
has happened to us?"
aonns
Workers at the morgue have been warned
that they will be court-martialed and shot if ,
they reveal what is going on there. But I was
able to obtain an official morgue body-count
from the daughter of a member of its staff:
by the fourteenth day following the coup,
she said, the morgue had received and pre-
ceased 2,796 corpses.
No one knows how many have been dis-
posed of elsewhere; a gravedigger told me of
reports that helicopters have been gathering
bodies at the emergency first-aid center in
Central Santiago, then carrying them out to
Sea to be dumped. One priest informed me
that on the Saturday after the coup he had
managed to get into the City's Technical
University, which had been the scene of
heavy fighting, on the pretext of blessing the
dead. Ile told me he saw 200 bodies, all piled
together. Tales like that abound in Santiago,
and though information is almost nonexist-
ent for the rest of Chile, the presumption is
that the executions have followed a similar
pattern in other cities. But the morgue count
alone sets the regime's kill rate at an ap-
palling 200 Chileans a day?just for the capi-
tal.
With hardly an exception?the victims
come from the poblaciones?the slums that
encirae Santiago and house half the city's 4
million inhabitants. During the three turbu-
lent years of Salvador Alle,nde's administra-
tion, the poor of the poblaciones never wav-
ered in their support of his government, for
the fact was that the rotos (broken-down
ones, as they are contemptuously called by
the more affluent) had never had it se good.
Despite the soaring inflation, they earned
enough money to buy undreamed-of luxuries,
like new clothes, radios, television sets, re-
frigerators. Community food-distribution
centers in the poblaciones were always well
stocked, while the shelves of stores elsewhere
remained barren. Presumably, the junta be-
lieves that since the poblaciones provided the
former government's main support, they must ,
be terrorized into accepting the fact of its de-
mise. So the local leaders are now paying with
their lives for their love of Allende. Not OHO
poblacian has escaped the terror.
Agq11?M/Vr ? jaNtS1475BYCATATA00600170001-1
RODNDUP
I spoke with three women from the Pin-
coya poblaciOn. One of them, a mother of
two, had just found out that she was a
widow. She told me this tearful story: "Sol-
diers raided our poblaciOn last Saturday at 8
In the morning. In the section Where we live,
they rounded up about 50 men and held
them until a police lieutenant came to take-
his pick. When the lieutenant saw my hus-
band, he made him step forward and told
him: 'Now you will pay for all you people
have done.' The carabineros took him and a
few others to the police station, and the rest
were arrested by soldiers." For three days,
she and the other women of Pincoya searched
for their men in police stations and the two
soccer stadiums where thousands are incar-
cerated. It was only after they heard that a
17-year-old boy from their block had been
found at the morgue?shot in the head and
chest?that they made the journey to see the
lists of the dead. There they found her hus-
band, Gabriel, as well as every adult male
from one block of their poblaciOn.
I joined a funeral procession of weeping
families following three coffins to burial.
Carabineros, I was told, had raided a home in
the Parque Santa Maria poblacion and had
picked up three petty thieves aged 18, 19 and
20. A sergeant told them they would be re-
leased if they paid 7,000 eacudoes?only $5,
but a lot of money to the poblaci6n poor.
Their barrio raised the money and the youths
returned home. But two hours later, a cars-
binero patrol came back to get them. That
was the last their families heard, until they
found their names on the morgue list. One of
the boys was so riddled with bullets that
they could hardly dress him for burial. But
the fate of the other two was worse. Coffins in
Chile have small window doors over the face
of the dead, and the women opened them
for me. There were no heads inside.
Orlando Contreras, who lives with his wife
and seven children in the Jose Maria Caro
poblaciOn, is in daily dread of an official
knock at his door. He is a laborer who worked
in Santiago's office of social development, a
particular target of the'new regime. And he
is well aware of the danger he faces, should
the soldiers come after him. On the day the
coup took place, he told me, he and one of
his sons saw ten high-school students
marched from their school, their hands over
their heads, after a brief skirmish with cara-
bineros. They were forced to lie face down
on the ground, and then a policeman walked
the line of prone youngsters, spraying them
with machinegun fire.
The stories of atrocities are endless, and by
now, inhabitants of the poblaciones are ut-
terly terrified. I am too afraid to look for
him," says a woman from the Ultima Hora
poblaci6n, whose husband was last seen
covered with blood being hauled away in a
police truck. I am afraid that they will take
me, too, and what would happen then to my
four children?" Many are now afraid even
to associate with families that had any con-
nection with Allende's regime?whether as
party members, union leaders or employees
in the food-distribution centers. "They can
kill whomever they want to kill," says Con-
treras bitterly. "There is nothing absolutely
nothing, that we can do about it."
Because of the total censorship of domestic
reporting, most middle- and upper-class
Chileans .have no idea what is happening.
They hear rumors, but ,their hatred for Al-
lende compounded by their historic contempt
for the rotos leaves them little desire to verify
them. Many do not believe the stories about
slaughter in the poblaciones; many simply
don't much care. "Why should we?" a Chil-
ean lawyer asked me over an expansive lunch
In a wealthy section of Santiago. "I don't
believe the stories you tell me, but after the
S 18411
things the supporters of Salvador Allende
had done to Chile, they deserve whatever
happens to them."
CHILEAN MILITARY WORRYING CHURCH
? JUNTA'S AUTHORITARIAN ACTS ARE CAUSING
CONCERN
(By Marvin? Howe)
SANTIAGO, CHILE, September 30.?Chile's
Roman Catholic bishops have offered to co-
operate with the ruling junta in the "re-
construction" of the country, but there Is
deep malaise in church circles over the con-
tinuing violence and the authoritarian ac-
-tions of the military since it seized power
nearly three weeks ago.
At least two priests have died in the wave
of repression against sympathizers of the
former leftist Government. A number of
Chilean priests, particularly in the provinces,
have been arrested, warned not to engage in
politics and released.
Foreign priests have been a special target
of the military. Some have been expelled?at
least two Americans, two Canadians and sev-
eral Dutchmen and Spaniards. Strong pres-
sure has also been put on four French priests
to leave the country.
"They hold us responsible for bringing
Marxism and class struggle into the country,"
a foreign priest ordered to leave the country
declared bitterly.
Christians for Socialism, a group of some
200 priests and other church people who sup-
ported the social aims of the late President
Salvador Allende Gossens, has gone into re-
cess and some of its leaders are in hiding.
Gonzalo Arroyo, the group's head, has
twice been interrogated by the military au-
thorities but declines to make any public.
statement,
One of the gravest acts of the new military
authorities, according to sources close to the
Catholic hierarchy, is the decision of few days
ago to name military men as rectors in all
universities. The move was expected to bring
protests from the Vatican.
HELP POR PRISONERS
The Catholic University of Chile has al-
ways enjoyed special status, even under the
President Allende, a marxist. The university
chancellor, who was approved by the Pope,
had the power to ratify the nomination of
the rectors.
The Archbishop of Santiago, Raul Car-
dinal Silva Henriquez, has publicly support-
ed the military in its declared aim of "achiev-
ing a true social justice."
At the same time, however, he is known
to be working quietly to help prisoners and
to obtain guarantees for foreign refugees. He
has visited the National Stadium, where up
to 7,000 people are detained, and taken help
and transmitted messages for prisoners.
Cardinal Silva Henriquez ardently sup-
ported discussions between President Allende
and the dominant opposition party, the
Christian Democrats, and until the end
played the role of mediator in an attempt to
pare the country from violent confrontation.
However, most Christian Democrats, led by
former President Eduardo Frei Montalva,
opposed any compromise with President Al-
lende, according to church sources.
"They favored a white coup?a peaceful
Intervention by the military, with the oust-
ing of Allende?and sincerely thought the
armed forces would call for elections in a
month or so," an aide of the Cardinal said,
critical of such "naivete."
Many priests and stanch Christian Demo-
crats who disapproved of President Allende's
hurried 'moves toward socialism, have been
dismayed by the new regime's use of force
and its arbitrary measures, such as the clos-
ing of congress, the outlawing of leftist par-
ties, the burning of Marxist books and the
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dissolution of the Central Workers Confed-
eration, the country's largest labor organi-
zation.
The permanent committee of the Chilean
episcopate, led by Cardinal Silva Hermiquee,
visited the junta Friday to offer its "coopera-
tion in the spiritual and material develop-
ment of Chile." A comniunique issued at the
close of the audience stressed the wish Of
the church to participate in "Ilie pacifica-
tion of spirits and in guaranteeing and de-
veloping the social gains of the workers."
ALARMED BY REPRESSION
The bishops are said to be alarmed over the
repression that has been unleashed since the
coup, often by lower-ranking officers and
apparently without the knowledge of the
junta.
An office has been set up within the church
to look into abuses Of human rights sod
acts of violence toward workers, who gen-
erally supported the Allende Government as
well as toward religious missions.
One case involved the Rev. Juan Alchut, a
Spanish priest of the Catholic Action Work-
ers Movement, who was arrested on Sept. 113.
The Archbishop was notified of the priest's
arrest but could not contact him.
Several days later a body with 10 bullet
holes in the back was found in the Mapocho
River. A Spanish consul identified the body
as that of Father Alciria.
A Chilean priest, Miguel Woodward, who
lived and worked in a slum district in the
port city of Valparaiso and taught a course
:in trade unionism in the Catholic University,
was arrested and beaten "savagely," accord-
ing to -church sources. He died from his
wounds in a Valparaiso hospital.
Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President, will
the Senator yield?
Mr. KENNEDY. I yield.
Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President, I
commend the able Senator for his re-
marks on this subject.
Previously I placed in the RECORD SD
article which was published in Newsweek
magazine of this week by A.meririan
newspaperman John Barnes calling at-
tention to the slaughter in Santiago. If
this is true, and I understand he is a
reputable newsman, this is one of the
most reprehensible, illegal takeovers of
a government I have ever heard of.
Mr. President, I support the amend-
ment.
Mr. CASE. Mr. President, will the Sen-
ator yield?
Mr. KENNEDY. I yield.
Mr. CASE. Mr. President, I am happy
to join with the Senator as a cosponsor
of the amendment.
I have been asked by the Senator from
New York (Mr. JAVITS I that he be added
as a cosponsor.
The. PRgSIDING 0.tetoiCER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. SYMINGTON. I wish to be listed
as a cosponsor also.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. CASE. As far as I know there is
no objection to the amendment.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I am
ready to yield back my time if the Sen-
ator from Massachusetts is ready to yield
back his lime.
Mr. KENNEDY. I yield back my time.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Did the Senator ask
that the additional cosponsors be added?
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the additional
cosponsors be added.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it Is so ordered.
The question is on agreeing to the
amendment of the Senator from Massa-
chusetts and )thers.
The amendment was agreed to.
E 'WENT NO. 569
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I call
UP my amend: net t No. 569.
The PRO 3IDING OFFICER. The
amendment will t e stated.
The assistant legislative clerk pro-
ceeded to read tae amendment.
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous ccrisent that further reading
of the amendment may be dispensed
with.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is se ordered; and, without
objection, the amendment will be printed
in the RECORD.
The amendment, ordered to be printed
in the RECORD, is its follows:
On page 31, line 14, insert the following:
SEC. 24. BuituA.ti ir HUMANITARIAN AND SO-
CML SERVICES.--It is the sense of Congress
that the Presiders% should establish within
the Department or State a Bureau of Hu-
manitarian and Sccial Services to be headed
by an Assistan SeeTetary of State who is ap-
pointed by tha Pi esident -by and with the
advice and consent of the senate. The Bu-
reau of Hume nits,rian and Social Services
should provide continuing guidance and co-
ordination to poi cies, activities, and pro-
grams within the executive branch relating
to humanitarian assistance for refugees and
victims of natura disasters, migration and
visa affairs, international human rights, liai-
son with the United Nations and other ap-
propriate interim-40mA agencies or non-
governmental organizations, and such other
humanitarian and social affairs as the Sec-
retary of State tria,2' prescribe.
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, this
amendment woind establish a Bureau of
Humanitarian and Social Services
within the Dena tment of State. This is
an idea and a concept which has been re-
viewed by the, Committee on Foreign Re-
lations. They refer to it positively on
page 26 of their report and I commend
them for doing. se
This is an attempt to institutionalize
humanitarian policies and programs
within the Department of State, so that
we can respond more immediately and
In a continuing basis and in a significant
way to the basic numanitarian issues and
problems that ome before the world
and the Ame:ica people.'
We have seen recently the types of
situations that draw our attention to
Sahel. the area below the Sahara Desert,
where hundreds of thousands of people
are starving the Nicaraguan situation,
the flooding in Pakistan, the Bangladesh
situation, and the past problems in
Nigeria-Biaf ra. Enormous numbers of
lives have teen lost and in many in-
stances the United States responded in
a positive way, but it always takes a good
deal of time before we are able to put
Into motion the kinds of efforts which
could have meant the saving of hundreds
of thousands. of ,ives.
This amendment attempts to coordi-
nate 'the various humanitarian assist-
ance programs that exist in the executive
branch. It is no'; a new idea. It has been
urged since 1965,, so it has been around
for 7 or 8 yeals. This approach is familiar
to the Committee on Foreign Relations,
and I am hopeful that the amendment
may he accepted and taken to conference,
and, hopefully, accepted within the
conference.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, will
the Senator yield?
Mr. KENNEDY. I yield.
Mr. HUMPHREY. An explanation of
this item appears on page 26 of the com-
mittee report, which I ask unanimous
consent to be included- in the RECORD at
this point.
There being no objection, the extract
was ordered to he printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
00099/NATION OF HUMANITARIAN AND DISASTER
RELIEF
The Committee considers the humanitarian
relief assistance for refugees and victims of
disaster in other countries to be a vital part
of our foreigh aid programs. This kind of
relief aid reflects the humanitarian concerns
of the Ameriaan people, and its delivery
should be as prompt and efficient as possible.
Over the years since World War 11, the
authority for the conduct of these: relief
activities has been dispersed among several
offices and bureaus within the foreign, policy
establishment, Budget items for refugee and
disaster assistance' are scattered over many
agencies of the government. The Committee
views this situation with concern, believing
that improved coordination of these :activi-
ties is desirable in order to provide Congress
and the public with a true picture Of the
scope and effectiveness of these activities.
In addition, the Committee considers that
improved communication between govern-
ment officials and the private voluntary over-
seas relief agencies is urgently needed, These
agencies in 172 provided $430 million in
disaster and refugee relief assistance, or
about 60% of the total humanitarian relief
assistance. public and private, which flowed
from this country. The voluntary agencies
serve as the delivery systems for much of the
humanitarian aid provided by the ;United
States government and they carry by far the
greatest number of direct contacts with refu-
gees and disaster victims in recipient coun-
tries.
The Committee is aware of the several pro-
posals for the creation of a single high level
official with authority to coordinate all of
the humanitarian relief activities conducted
by the United States. Most, if not all, of these
proposals call for making such an official
the focal point for liaison and cooperation
with private voluntary relief activities. While
it has not acted to report new legislative au-
thority for the creation of such an official,
the Committee wishes to make plain its view
that the need for improved coordination re-
mains acute and Urges appropriate action by
the Administration to meet this need, thus
possibly avoiding the need for legislative
action.
As domestic priorities assert themselves,
and the United States moves to realign its
far-flung overseas commitmenss, the role of
the voluntary relief agencies in the delivery
of critically needed disaster arid refugee as-
sistance is likely to grow. It is the Commit-
tee's view that the pepartment of state and
the Agency for International Development
should give support and encouragement to
the voluntary agencies when they Move in
response to appeals for such assistan13e from
abroad.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President; the
committee has expressed the fact that
it looks with considerable favor upon the
creation of a, single high official with au-
thority to coordinate all these htUrtani-
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tartan activities. The amendment of the
Senator expresses that same attitude and
feeling in a sense-of-Congress citation,'
so to speak.
I think this is a worthy amendment,
and that we should accept it. If the Sena-
tor is agreeable to that, we will get to
a voice vote and accept the amendment.
I yield back my time.
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I yield
back my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time
having been yielded back the question is
on agreeing to the amendment of the
Senator f rem Massachusetts.
The amendment was agreed to.
,Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, X call
up my amendment No. 570.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk
will read the amendment.
The assistant legislative clerk pro-
ceeded to read the amendment.
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. president, I ask
unanimous consent to dispense with fur-
ther reading of the amendment.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Amendment No. 570 is as follows;
On page 31, line 14, insert the following:
Sm. 23. lium.,!.NITARIAN ASSISTANCE IN
Bourn Aszei.?The President is authorized to
furnish humanitarian assistance, on such
terms and conditions as he may determine,
to the United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees (UNIICR) in support of the re-
patriation and exchange of minority popula-
tions between Pakistan and Bangladesh.
There ig authorized to be appropriated to the
President for the purpose of this section, in
addition to funds otherwise available for
such purposes, $6,000,000 for the fiscal year
1974, which amounts are authorized to re-
main available until expended.
Mr, HUMPHREY. Mr. President, we
have an amendment that we are going to
offer here for disaster relief, of which the
Senator is a cosponsor. It relates to sev-
eral countries.
I wonder if we could not include this
amendment within the context of that
amendment. I am just making that sug-
geStion in the hope, of course, that the
Senate will see fit to accept disaster re-
lief additions in the bill.
Mr. KENNEDY. Would the Senator be
adding the $150 million for disaster re-
lief, or just earmarking, in the amend-
ment that he will offer?
Mr. HUMPHREY. We add additional
funds.
? Mr. KENNEDY. I would be glad to co-
? ordinate this effort. All we are doing here
is earmarking for the United Nations
_ High Commissioner for Refugees, which
would represent the United States' fair
share for the exchange and resettlement
of the Pakistanis and Bengalis under the
agreement recently concluded in South
Asia, ,
Mr. HUMPHREY. Is it a new 'section
that the Senator is seeking to add to the
bill, or its this a section in the existing
bill?
Mr. KENNEDY. This would be a new
section to the bill.
Mr, HUMPHREY. Will the Senator
yield further?
Mr. KENNEDY. I yield.
Mr.' HUMPHREY. Do I understand
that this is not additional funding?
Mr. KENNEDY. That is correct.
Mr. HUMPHREY. It is to be taken out
Of disaster relief funds or contingency
funds?
Mr. KENNEDY,. That is correct.
It could be taken out of existing funds
within the legislation.
Mr. HUMPHREY. The language that
the Senator has in his amendment indi-
cates that "There is authorized to be ap-
propriated to the President for the Pur-
pose of this section, in addition to funds
otherwise available for such purposes, $6
million for the fiscal year 1974; which
amounts are authorized to remain avail-
able until expended."
That is an addition in the bill.
I understand the importance of it, and
I am sure my sympathy is with it, but if
the Senator could keep his language so
that funds would come out of funds
authorized within the bill and leave it to
the discretion of the President to be able
to find those funds?and there surely is
within the contingency funds such auth-
ority?we could go along with that
amendment,
Mr. KENNEDY. If the amendment,
therefore, could comply With the sugges-
tion of the manager of the bill, that would
be satisfactory.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Will the
Senator send the modification to the
desk?
Mr. -JAVITS. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield to me so I may make a com-
ment about it?
Mr. HUMPHREY. I yield.
Mr. JAVITS. We heard earlier in the
clay the chairman of the Foreign Rela-
tions Committee speak of the fact that
the authorities are contemplating aid to
Chile. That was one reason why he was
against the bill.
I had, prior to that, suggested to the
Senator from Massachusetts, who had
initiated this matter, that I would be glad
to join in respect to this effort.
I think, the point having been made
that this is a desirable addition, the mod-
ification suggested by the Senator from
Minnesota (Mr. HUMPHREY) is what the
Senator from Massachusetts (Mr. KEN-
NEDY) was trying to do, himself, with my
cooperation, in respect to the funding
which is contained in the first clause of
his bill. I should like to say to the Sena-
tor that I think it is very distinguished
service in respect to the bill at this time,
within the present-day framework, and
that it should carry this particular pro-
vision.
Am I joined in the amendment as a
cosponsor?
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr, President, I ask
unanimous consent that the Senator from
New York (Mr. JAviTs) and the Senator
from Maine (Mr. MusiciE) be added as
cosponsors of the amendment.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Wit?hout
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. HUMPHREY, Mr. President, I sug-
gest to the Senator from Massachusetts
that the language following line 7 read as
follows, in lieu of the language that is
now in the amendment:
There is authorized to be used by the
President for the purpose of this section $6
million for the fiscal year 1974 out of funds
authorized and appropriated to carry out this
Act.
Mr. KENNEDY. That is satisfactory,
Mr. President, and it carries out the in-
tent of the amendment.
Mr. HUMPHREY. I send the modified
amendment to the desk.
Mr. KENNEDY. I am prepared to yield
back my time.
Mr. HUMPHREY. I yield back the re-
mainder of my time.
The PRESrDING OFFICER. All time
has been yielded back. The question is
on agreeing to the modified amendment
of the Senator from Massachusetts.
The amendment, as modified, was
agreed to.
AMENDMENT NO. 571
Mr. KENNEDY, Mr. President, I call
up my amendment No. 571. I ask that the
reading of the amendment be dispensed
with, but that the amendment be printed
in the RECORD.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
The amendment is as follows:
On page 26, strike lines 1 through 11 and
insert the following:
PART V?POSTWAR RELIEF, REHABILI-
TATION, AND RECONSTRUCTION IN
SOUTH VIETNAM, CAMBODIA, AND LAOS
SEC. 801. GENERAL AUTHORITY?The Presi-
dent is authorized to furnish, on such terms
and conditions as he may determine, assist-
ance for the relief, rehabilitation, and recon-
struction of South Vietnam, Cambodia, and
Laos, especially humanitarian assistance for
refugees, civilian war casualties, war orphans,
and other persons disadvantaged by hostili-
ties or conditions relating to those hostilities;
and reconstruction assistance for the rebuild-
ing of civilian facilities damaged or destroyed
by those hostilities in South Vietnam, Cam-
bodia, and Laos. Assistance for such purposes,
shall be distributed to the maximum extent
practicable under the auspices of and by the
United Nations, other international organiza-
tions, multilateral institutions, and private
voluntary agencies with a minimum presence
and activity of United States Government
personnel.
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, there
are two objectives of the amendment in
changing the language of the authoriza-
tion, to make it clear that, first, hu-
manitarian assistance is the first priority
of our foreign aid funds to Indochina.
We spell out that the first priority of
our ? aid funds should be for refugees,
civilians who are casualties of the war,
orphans, and other persons disadvan-
taged by the hostilities.
The second purpose of the amendment
is to urge that to the maximum extent
practical we proceed through interna-
tional voluntary and multinational
agencies, with a minimum presence of
U.S. Government personnel. I know it
was the intention of the committee itself
to make sure that this kind of general
assistance be made available through in-
ternational efforts. This is an attempt to
focus on United Nations, specialized
agencies, and voluntary groups. That is
where this assistance should go. That is
where the greatest need is.
There are about 1 million orphans
in Vietnam. Hundreds of thousands of
people have lost arms and legs. About
300,000 are widows. Thousands have been
wounded and maimed. There is a funda-
mental need for assistance to these war
victims.
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The amendment is an effort te make
sure that the first order of priority will
go toward meeting their needs. Second,
and to the extent possible, we should
work through national or multinational
agencies. The most effective, work being
done today in that field is through such
agencies. That has been true for the last
10 years.
It is in an effort to maximize taeir of
forts and to minimize the use of direct
U.S. Government personnel that this
amendment is directed and focused.
Mr. President, I thing the language ol!
the committee states quite clearly the
intent that I would hope would be
achieved by this language. I would hope
that, since it is really consistent with
the thrust of the Foreign Relations
Committee report, it will be accepted by
the Senate.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who
yields time?
Mr. HUMF.HREY. Mr. President,
yield time to the Senator from Nev York.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
.
ator from New York is recognized.
Mr. JA'VITS. Mr. President, I think the
important thing for us to note is that
it replaces the general authority set forth
at page 26, really lines 1 through 11. II;
simply repeats the title, except that it
includes the word "rehabilitation."
However, as to the substance, I think
It says that the President is authorized
to furnish such assistance as he may
determine for relief, rehabilitation, and
reconstruction, and it includes humani-
tarian assistance.
The Senator from Massachusetts
changes the word "include" to "especial-
ly" as found on line '7 of his amendment.
, Mr. President, in view of the fact that
the President was given broad author-
ity, I personally would not see any great
objections to it. However, I would want
to point out to the Senate that it does at
least tell hi:m we consider the first prior-
ity would be the various elements of hu-
manitarian assistance which the Sen-
ator from Massachusetts emphasized
when he changed the word "include,"
which means that it has equal priority,
to the word "especially," which would
give the Foreign Relations Committee in
respect of legislative oversight the right
to claim that it had a priority. That is
one distinction.
The other distinction that I think we
ought to be aware of is, ". . . assistance
for such purposes shall be distributed to
the maximum extent practicable under
the auspices of and by the United Na-
tions, other international organizations,
multilateral institutions, and private
voluntary agencies with a minimum
presence arid activity of U.S. Govern-
ment personnel."
I would like the Senator to tell us why
he feels he wants to be so restrictive. I
would personally prefer it if he could say
that assistance for such purposes shall
be distributed insofar as practicable
under the auspices of and by the United
Nations, other international organiza-
tions, multilateral institutions, and pri-
vate voluntary Organizations.
I see no reason why we should bow out
of it by restricting ourselves to a mini-
mum presence and activity of the United
States Geyer am nit personnel. That
would be drawn e into the woodwork,
seems to me.
I suggest that rather than leave it to
the conference to i,ry to define this, we do
it right here and cow and strike the word
"to" at the end co line 2 on line 3 strike
the words "the maximum extent" and
say "insofar as practicable" and so
forth, and put a eeriod at the end of the
word "agencie;" on line 5.
In that way I would consider that the
amendment w mild be entirely appropri-
ate to give at Least a claimed priority to
these highly humanitarian purposes and
not absolutele t e the hands of the
United States in the administration of
its AID program.
Mr. KENNEDI . Mr. President, the
Senator is quite correct in analyzing the
changes that ?Tomei be made if the Sen-
ate were to agree to the amendment.
The clear inteneion of the amendment
Is to put a high priority on the humani-
tarian needs of it e people of Indochina.
It has been evident to me for some period
of time that when there is a choice be-
tween the hun,anitarian needs and other
needs, the other needs?military sup-
plies, general eccnomic aid?get taken
care of first.
The record is re plete with examples of
this. It was the dr tention of the amend-
ment to indicate t y the words "especially
humanitarian" a sense of our priority
for the war vietims of this ravaged part
of the world, o iidicate to the greatest
extent possibl that it will be the pur-
pose and the fimc ,ion of our aid program
to meet these basi and f undamental hu-
manitarian ne xis Krst.
Mr. President, the word "especially"
was added to give that emphasis, so that
priority would be maintained.
The reason or I ti?iphasizing,the United
Nations and the ipecialized agencies, is
to move toward huilding upon the hu-
manitarian experdse and the knowledge
and understanding that has been devel-
oped within re cent times in these bodies.
The specialize d agencies of the United
Nations have beer. enormously successful
in responding to Inimanitarian problems
in other parts of the world.
I think that the specialized agencies of
the United Nations have made a most
impressive record since the earliest days
of the United Nations and are continu-
ing to do so ander the United Nations
umbrella, in Bangladesh, for example,
where they have been most effective in
marshaling the support of other nations.
And the United Sates is making its con-
tributions, bus under the U.N. umbrella.
There are brought into this situation
hundreds of 1,housands and millions of
dollars from othe 7 countries.
I have been imeressed by the fact that
many other (our tries in other parts of
the world are wiling to participate in
this humanitarian assistance. I think
that to the camel we maintain a very
close or dominating relationship with aid
programs, we will discourage the active
participation in humanitarian problems
of other nations, and we will not be as
effective in the u elization of the various
international organizations in the areas
which I think they have been so suc-
cessful in the pas,.
We have tried to indicate some flex-
ibility for the administration by saying
"To the maximum extent practica-
ble," I know that the Senator suggests
"so far as practicable."
11? However, I do feel that, given their
track records on meeting humanitarian
needs and problems, unless we give some
sense of urgency and some degree 'of di-
rection, I am afraid that this thrust mase
be lost.
I am glad to work with the Senator
from New York. however, in attempting
to meet both cf the aims.
But this is the reason for the language:
"the maximum extent practicable," to
capitalize upon the expertise and the as-
sistance of the United Nations' . spe-
cialized agenices, along with. other in-
ternational agencies. And most impor-
tantly it is beginning to bring those
groups into play so that other countries
around the world can help underwrite
humanitarian assistance.
I am absolutely convinced that they
will. They have, as the Senator from. New
York, who is very familiar with humani-
tarian problems in all parts of the world,
understands rather well.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I would
hope that the Senator would accept the
following suggestion. On lines 2 and 3 of
page 2, strike out "to the maximum ex-
tent and insert in lieu thereof the word
"wherever". And beginning with line 5,
after?the word "agencies" insert a period
and strike out the remainder of the para-
graph.
On that basis, I would be prepared on
our side to accept the amendment.
Mr. KENNEDY. Well, I think that is
acceptable, Mr. President.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the
Senator so modify his amendment?
Mr. KENNE'DY. To change "to the
maximum extent practicable" to "wher-
ever practicable under the auspices of
and by the United Nations, other inter-
national organizations, multilateral in-
stitutions, and private voluntary
agencies."
I thinlkif that is really carried through,
there may be corresponding language in
other parts of the legislation, so the ear-
lier language may very well be redundant.
I move that my amendment be so
modified.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
amendment will be so modified.
Mr. KENNEDY. I yield back the re-
mainder of my time.
Mr: JAVITS. I yield back the remain-
der of my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
HELMS). All remaining time having been
yielded back, the question is on agreeing
to the amendment of the Senator from
Massachusetts (Mr. KENNEDY) as modi-
fied.
The amendment, as modified,: was
agreed to.
Mr. KENNEDY. I send to the desk an-
other amendment, and ask for its im-
mediate consideration.
Mr. HUMPHREY. 1V1r. President how
many amendments does the Senator
have?
Mr..KENNEDY. One more.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
amendment will be stated.
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The assistant legislative clerk pro-
ceeded to read the amendment.
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that further reading
of the amendment be dispensed with.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection?
Mr. GRi.e.o.N. Mr. President, reserving
the right to object, is this a printed
amendment?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. It is not
a printed amendment.
Mr. KENNEDY. No, it is not a printed
? amendment.
Mr. GR1.toriN. I shall not object.
The PRESIDING OPVICER. Without
-objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. KENNEDY'S 'amendment is as fol-
lows:
On page 26 strike line 12 through 17 and
insert the following:
"SEc. 802. AUTHORIZATION.?(a) There are
authorized to be appropriated to the Presi-
dent to carry out the purposes of this chap-
ter, in addition to funds otherwise available
for such purposes, for the fiscal year 1974
not to exceed $376,000,000, which amount is
authorized to remain available until ex-
pended.
(b) Of the funds appropriated pursuant to
Subsection (a) of this section for the fiscal
year 1974, not less than $10,000,000 shall be
available until expended to support human-.
itarian programs of the Indochina Opera-
tions Group of the Intel-national Red Cross
in South Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos."
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President,' this
amendment provides for the earmark-
ing of a $10 million contribution for the
Indochina Operations Group?ICYG?of
the International Red Cross for human-
itarian programs in Indochina.
I might indicate to my good friend
from Michigan why the amendment is
unprinted. It is because it was only to-
day that I received a telegram from the
Red Cross in Geneva, Switzerland, in re-
sponse to my earlier inquiry of a num-
ber of days ago, September 13, about the
particular humanitarian needs in Cam-
bodia.
Our committee had received assur-
ances from the administration that all
is being done that was required of the
various humanitarian agencies, until as
of this morning, when I received this
telegram indicating that the Red Cross
itself is handicapped and limited by the
financial limitations that it has in pro-
viding, again, for basic humanitarian
needs in Cambodia.
As I understand, the administration
has gone ahead earlier today, and com-
municated to Geneva that they will be
willing to provide some assistance to the
Red Cross. This amendment is basically
to provide that of the $376 million re-
construction aid for all of Indochina $10
million be earmarked for the Red Cross
Indochina Operations Group, for relief
purposes in Cambodia.
I am sure that they will end up with
a good deal more funds than the $10
million, but I do feel that if they felt
assured, as of now, that at least they
would be able to get $10 million, they
would be able to develop the programing
which is so essential in terms of saving
lives.
But that is the reason, because this
communication reached me only this
morning.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who
yields time?
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President,
might I just say to the Senator, this
amendment has just come to us out of
the cold blue, so to speak, without any
advance information or knowledge about
it. Is it the intent of the amendment to
add this amount?
Mr. KENNEDY. No, it is just to ear-
mark?there is provided $376 million in
reconstruction funds.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Yes.
Mr. KENNEDY. would earmark
of that sum $10 million for the Cam-
bodian refugee program as sponsored by
the Indochina Operations Group at the
Red Cross.
I ask unanimous consent that the tele-
gram be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the telegram
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[TELEGRAM-SEPT. 28, 19731
To: Senator KENNEDY.
From: Olaf Stroh IOG.
Reference your telegram 13 September 1973
appreciate your encouraging interest for Red
Cross activities in Cambodia. Despite difficult
conditions IOG already undertook measures
to try to obtain establishment of neutral
Zones. Several medical teams permanently on
the spot working for sick and wounded.
Emergency assistance also given especially to
displaced persons such as shelters and addi-
tional nutrition to children. Are conscious
that far greater assistance badly needed in
Cambodia but have to adapt our activities to
limited financial resources put at our dis-
posal by Governments and National Societies
for the total programme in all Indochina.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Is it not true that
out of the $376 million which is author-
ized in this bill, any amount the Govern-
ment feels would be needed could be au-
thorized?
Mr. KENNEDY. The Senator is cor-
rect. I am convinced that they can. The
Red Cross will, in fact, probably get a
good deal more than these amounts. But
it would give them the assurance at the
present time, when they say their effec-
tiveness in increasing humanitarian as-
sistance is limited. This kind of assur-
ance would let them go ahead with and
pursue their humanitarian responsibili-
ties and at least be assured that they
will be able to obtain resources to this
extent.
This does not add any additional
money.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Is it not true that
there may be a number of other orga-
nizations that would want funds ear-
marked?
.1 say to the Senator, I understand the
importance of helping the International
Red Cross. I know, as the Senator has
indicated and as we have stated here on
the floor, that in the .$376 million cate-
gory of relief and assistance to Indochina
areas, funds could be made available for
Cambodia, or for Cambodian humani-
tarian assistance.
I wonder if we could not settle for
just having this colloquy, and include in
the legislative history of this bill that
we would expect funds to be Made avail-
able to the International Red Cross be-
cause it is a highly respectable and ac-
cepted organization. I hesitate to start
the process of earmarking' for one orga-
nization, because the next thing we will
have church groups and civic groups one
after another coming in, and it is very
difficult to turn one down by legislative
action.
Mr. KENNEDY. Of course, I draw a
distinction between earmarking for a
church group and earmarking for an in-
ternational organization, which in this
case is the International Red Cross.
Rather than it being a general kind of
a statement that they are doing useful
Work, and therefore we ought to support
them, they have made a direct appeal
to our Government. I would like to just
read this portion of the message from
Olaf Stroh, who, as I indicated earlier,
Is the director of the Red Cross Indo-
china operations group in Geneva:
Reference your telegram 13 September 1973
appreciate your encouraging interest for Red
Cross activities in Cambodia. Despite difficult
conditions IOC- already undertook measures
to try to obtain establishment of neutral
zones. Several medical teams permanently on
the spot working for sick and wounded. Emer-
gency assistance also given especially to dis-
placed persons such as shelters and addi-
tional nutrition to children, Are conscious
that far greater assistance badly needed in
Cambodia but have to adapt our activities
to limited financial resources put at our dis-
posal by Governments and National Societies
for the total programme in all Indochina.
This appeal to the United States has
been in effect, really, since last spring,
and I regret, too, that we have to take
particular appeals and try to respond
through legislation. But we have had this
appeal now for a number of months. I,
too, regret that we have to take the time
of the Senate to earmark in these partic-
ular areas, but what we have here is a
thoroughly creditable, reputable orga-
nization and they find limited ability to
move in humanitarian areas because of
the financial constraints. I am convinced
that over any period of time they will
probably receive not just these funds but
a good deal more. The fact that we ear-
mark these now would give assurance to
the organization that they could move
ahead, which will result in the saving of
many lives.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Might I say to, the
Senator that I understand the cogency of
his argument. I listened to the telegram
he read. I think that we can manage this
all right. I would come out of the $376
million, with no additional funds needed.
The International Red Cross, of course,
Is a highly reputable and respected orga-
nization.
I would suggest that we take this to
conference and if we have any difficulties,
we will discuss it with the Senator before
we finally dispose of it.
So I am prepared to accept the amend-
ment and yield back the remainder of my
time.
Mr. KENNEDY. I thank the Senator
from Minnesota very much.
Mr. President, I yield back the re-
mainder of my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time
on this amendment has been yielded
back.
The question is on agreeing to the
amendment of the Senator from Massa-
chusetts (Mr. KENNEDY) .
The amendment was agreed to.
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Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I
want to compliment the Senatoe and his
staff on their prodigious work.
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I send
to the desk another amendment and ask
that it be stated.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. B:uo-
DLESTON). The amendment will be stated.
The legislative clerk proceeded to read
the amendment.
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that further reading
of the amendment be dispensed with.
This is not a new subject. It has been de-
vated and talked aboute---
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chair
would observe that the amendment of
the Senator from Massachusetts as
drafted amends a part of the bill which
has been already stricken.
Mr. KENNEDY. All right, Mr. Presi-
dent, I will yield the floor at this time
and will attempt to redraft or restruc-
ture the amendment to the existing leg-
islation.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Then the Senator
withdraws his amendment temporarily?
Mr. KENNEDY. Yes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
amendment of the Senator from Massa-
chusetts is temporarily withdrawn.
Mr. CHILES. Mr. President, I call up
my amendment No. --
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, does
the Senator from Florida have the floor
now?
Mr. CHILES. Yes.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Could I ask the
Senator from Florida to call up at this
time the amendment that relates to the
medical aspects. first, and dispose of that
one first.
Mr. CHILES. Of course, Mr. President,
I send to the desk a second amendment
and ask that it be stated.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
amendment will be stated.
The legislative clerk read as follows:
Intended to be proposed by Mr. CH:trass
to S. 2335, a bill to amend the Foreign Assist-
ance Act of 1961, and for other purposes.
On page 27 between lines 19 and 20 insert
the following new section:
"SE?. 804. CENTER FOR PLASTIC AND RECON-
STRUCTIVE SURGERY IN Samoa--Of the funds
appropriated pursuant to section 802 for the
fiscal year 1974, not leas than 6712900 shall
be available solely for furnishing fssistance
to the Center for Plastic and Reconstructive
Surgery in Saigon."
On page 27, line 20, strike out "sec. 1104"
and insert in lieu thereof "sec. 805".
Mr. CHILES. Mr. President, let me
explain what the amendment would do.
It would earmark funds for assisting the
Center for Plastic and Reconatruceive
Surgery in Saigon. It would earmark
$712,000 for that Center. This language
has been voted on before. It was in tile
House bill. It was left out of the bill this
time in committee. It is a project we are
well aware of and the great amount of
work that needs to be done in the field of
reconstructive plastic surgery in Saigon
and how much the Center is doing in that
way. As I say, the Senate has been on
record as supporting this in the past.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, this
is a modest request in an area thae is
in great need of the kind of work the
Senator from Florida has described. I
want to commend him for his thought-
fulness in bringing this to our attention.
It will mean, if i he amendment is adopt-
ed?and we will have no problem in the
conference with it?that we will have
the matter?sealed down so that I would
hope all of US ould accept the amend-
ment.-
Mr. CHILIES. Mr. President, I am in-
troducing an a nendment today which
would earmark :lands for the furnishing
of assistance to the Center for Plastic
and Reconstructive Surgery in Saigon.
I first beearre *acquainted with the
Children's Me, deal Relief Interne-
tional?CMRI-- ..hrough an editorial in
the Gainesvi: le End Newspaper. Later, in
an article in Ti ne magazine, I learned
that the center was the only facility in
South Vietnian dedicated to providing
plastic and rel.-, mstructive surgery for
children.
Mr. President, I wish every Member of
this body could have been the film I
showed a little over a year ago in the
Senate Auditorium. The movie told the
story of some M the children in South
Vietnam, the Jr nocent victims of war
who desperately need our help. The
photographs of y aungsters unable to close
their eyes, wtheut ears Cr limbs or with
large cortices m! facial tissue destroyed
due to norm, t ie disease that attacks
malnourished children., were gruesome
to look at. Aid they linger in the mind,
long after the fin is over. The outstand-
ing work the center accomplishes gives
us some ray of hope?some channel for
the expression of something positive,
something constructive.
In 1967, Arther J. Barsky, M.D. and
Thomas R. Mill( r established Children's
Medical Relief hiternatio:nal, a nonprofit
New York based agency. In 1968, in co-
operation with the South Vietnamese
medical commit. tity, they founded the
center to care far Vietnamese civilians.
At first, patients were seen in an apart-
ment building. Ii Saigon, but with the
dedication of the new, modern structure
in 1969, full scale operation of the hospi-
tal began. Dt rin the first year 400 chil-
dren were served. Today the center treats
more than 1 200 children annually and
has already taken care of nearly 5,000
patients. The average patient's age is 8.
Rather than geve a more technical de-
scription, let me quote from a letter Tom
Miller received from American plastic
surgeon, Richard Dakin, who served
there:
Nothing in my training prepared me for
the shock of ray first visit to the center for
plastic and reconstructive surgery. It's like
going to the pouni, where the puppies clus-
ter around thc visitors, playful but shy, and
very appealing Ii their attempts to be
chosen--but these puppies are really children
and they are aakiag, they are really asking,
for operations: Then one notices that eyes
and noses and ea) s and cheeks are missing.
And one sees the incredible burn contrac-
tures, heels fu ad buttocks, and ears plas-
tered down into shoulders, and lingers locked
back onto little vrists. Keloids are part of
nearly every burn injury, and mountains of
scar tissue cascaC e from forehead to chin
to breast bone arid across brown bellies. Old
skin graft donor 1.t,es look like deep burns
that had never been grafted.
They are se confident that the surgeons
can help them, said their quiet brown eyes
follow us as wiemake rounds. And I wish that
I had memorized every text book I had ever
read and could repeat flawlessly everything
my teachers had ever shown me.
Burns are a major problem in Viet-
nam, not o:nly from the war but from
war-related causes. Yet, in all of South
Vietnam there is no adequate burn treat-
ment facility. The Ministry of Health
has repeatedly and urgently requested
Children's Medical Relief International
to help it establish a burn treatment fa-
citlity. Even now, in spite of the fact that
the center is not equipped to treat severe
fresh burns, the present medical emer-
gency has forced it to accept many fresh
burn cases, forcing it to discontinue its
other important work. Construction of a
burns facility could begin immediately
and be completed in 9 to 12 months.
Badly needed burn treatment equipment
could be ordered and used immediately.
I am sure most of us saw the pathetic
photograph that was plastered on nearly
every front page across the Nation of a
little girl caught in a raid of South Viet-
namese planes that missed their targets
arid mistakenly dropped flaming napalm
on civilians on their own soldiers. The
picture showed the girl who had ripped
off her burning clothes and with others
in the village fled down the road in ter-
ror. Ten-year-old Sa.mkin Toc will live
to remember that awful day. Iii fact,
her third degree burns and serious com-
plications were treated at the center.
But with all her suffering, Samkin Toc
was still one of the lucky ones who at
least got treatment?and a chance to
survive.
I do not believe that concern for these
unfOrtunate children is any matter for
debate among men of compassion.
CMRI deserves our support because it
is an organization bent on repairing, re-
building, and healing?on the activities
man performs when he is really most
human.
I strongly urge the Senate to give my
amendment its strong support. We de-
cided we should not be fighting there.
Now we must realize our responsibility
to help pick up the broken pieces of so
many innocent lives.
Mr. President, I would like to add that
this amendment is in the House version
of the Foreign Assistance Act. Accept-
ing this addition to the Se:nate version
of the bill will be an aid in eliminating
any unnecessary differences between the
House and the Senate versions of the
bill.
The amendment contains similar lan-
guage to what was in the House bill. It
would earmark $712,000 for the Center
for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
in Saigon. II; is language that was con-
tained in the last Senate foreign aid
bill. The bill itself was defeated. This is
language in the Hou.Se bill at prese;nt and
would earmark these funds for that
center..
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, with the
permission of the Senator from Minne-
sota, I should like to suggest the absence
of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk
will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, 1 ask
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unanimous consent that the order for
the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, we are ad-
vised and I say this because it is essen-
tial to make this very clear to the Senate
as the basis on which the minority side
at least with the permission of the Sena-
tor from Vermont (Mr. AIKEN) would
take the amendment, that this amend-
ment was adopted by the Senate in a
foreign aid bill which never became law
here recently. It is to be understood that
If we adopt this provision in the Senate
this afternoon, as it is exactly identical
with the one in the House bill, there will
be no opportunity to change it in con-
ference-; but on the representation, one,
that we did adopt it before and, two, that
the situation relating to the authorizaion
remains he same, I would be prepared,
if the Senator from Vermont (Mr.
AIKEN) is willing, to take it.
Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, I would be
agreeable to taking it to conference. I
recall that Joe McCaffery, at 6:30 this
morning, referred to this as being proxy
voting on the part of the Senate, how-
ever. But I would be willing to take it.
But it is risky business, accepting an
amendment that we have seen only 2
seconds before we have to vote on it.
Mr. CHILES. It would not be necessary
to take this to conference because it
would be identical language which is now
In the House bill.
Mr. JAVITS. I have just said that. It
Is for that reason that I have spelled out
the understanding, one, that it has been
In a previous bill which did not become
law here recently, which is represented
to us by our own staff and, two, that the
situation remains the same. If there is
any problem about it, I am sure that the
Senator from Florida is a man of good
faith and we will find ways to do some-
thing about it. But on those assurance
which I gather we get from the Senator
from Florida, I would be willing to take
the amendment. Do I understand cor-
rectly those assumptions?
Mr. CHILES. Yes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Do Sena-
tors yield back their time?
Mr. CHILES. Mr. President, I yield
back the remainder of my time.
Mr. JAVITS. I yield back the remain-
der of my time. Mr. President.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time
on this amendment has now been yielded
back.
The question is on agreeing to the
amendment of the Senator from Florida
(Mr. CHILES).
The amendment was agreed to.
AMENDMENT NO. 578
Mr. CHILES. Mr. President, I,call up
my amendment, No. 578.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
amendment will be stated.
The legislative clerk proceeded to read
the amendment.
Mr. CHILES. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that further reading
of the amendment be dispensed with.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered; and, without
objection, the amendment will be printed
In the RECORD.
The amendment is as follows: sectoral loan program with a country in
On page 7, line 10, strike out "SHARING OF education, for example, in which a con-
COSTS.?" and insert in lieu thereof "Cosr- tinuing working relationship could be es-
SHARING AND FUNDING LIM/TS.?(a)". tablished and in which technical as-
On page 7, between lines 18 and 19, insert sistance, planning, and advisory work
the following:
could be done. But the financial role of
"(b) No assistance shall be disbursed b
- the United States Government under sections the Agency in any given project would be
103-107 of this Act for a project for a
limited to 3 years. This would make the
period exceeding thirty-six consecutive Agency's essential effort in the financial
months, with efforts being made before, dur- field one of looking for and stimulating
ing, and after such period, to obtain sources other internal and external sources of
financing. AID money would become one
of several means of stimulating effort by
others rather than a source of complete
financing itself. This time limit on AID's
financial role in any given project would
end foreign aid, as a giveway. This is
what the American people want.
The other proposal I have made is to
eliminate follow-on loans. These are
loans which are made to complete a
project started by a previous loan.
An example of a follow-on project
which we recently came across in our
Foreign Operations Subcommittee of the
Appropriations Committee occurred in
Afghanistan, where AID financed a
powerhouse project. It is no good if you
have a new generator with no trans-
mission lines. The United States tried to
get others to finance the transmission
lines but ended up being the lender of
last resort and financing the transmis-
sion facilities itself. This is clearly the
kind of thing that is open to criticism for
being a giveaway, with no end in sight.
That is why, in he second phase of
the amendment, we are trying to strike
the followup projects after a project
has been entered into. In that way, Con-
gress and the people responsible for
okaying the project would understand
that this is what we are talking about.
We are not talking about a loan of $2
million that is going to grow into $15
million because of the follow-on projects
that will have to be taken on after the
first one unless we have a prohibition
such as this.
I am hopeful that these kinds of ideas
can provide a means by which the Amer-
ican public can feel that they are reach-
ing , out to people in poor countries
abroad but that they are not being taken
to the cleaners in. the process. If the
public feels that its interests and in-
stincts are being expressed in legislation
and in AID policy, then I think we may
have a more politically sustainable AID
years and years. So this amendment posture for the United States.
would place a limit on the number of At this time we see that we have a pos-
years that AID could finance a project. ture of aid that lacks a constituency, be-
I propose an amendment to the for- cause the American people have the idea
eign aid bill for a 3-year phaseout of that too many times it has been a give-
each AID loan. I feel that it is essential away project, that we have supported
to have some mechanism in our AID what might be good projects, but there is
legislation which will insure that the no cutoff period and no end to good
AID policy of the United States is to projects, and there is no end to being
stimulate the efforts of others rather able to select and sort out those projects.
than to do it ourselves. Our policy should So I hope the amendment will be
be to elicit financing by national institu- adopted.
tions and other development agencies Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I
rather than be a source of financing, yield to the Senator from Michigan.
My amendment limits the disburse- Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, I know
ment period for AID financing to 3 years. that the objective of the distinguished
This would permit the Agency to plan, Senator from Florida in offering this
advise, negotiate, open bids, and con- amendment is the very best, and I cer-
elude contracts before or after the 36 tainly do not question that in any way,
months of disbursement. So the AID in finding some fault with his amend-
Agency would be able to have a 10-year ment.
of financing within that country and from
other foreign countries and multilateral
organizations.
"(c) No amounts made available under
this Act shall be obligated for any follow-on.
project which links that project with any
other project.".
Mr. CHILES. Mr. President, the thrust
of the bill before the Senate is that, after
all the years since World War II, we are
going to try to change the direction of
our AID program; that we are going to
realize that we have reached a point at
which we no longer should blindly fol-
low the practice that perhaps made sense
at the end of World War II, when the
United States had all the dollars and
only the United States had the capacity
of a developed country to be able to pro-
duce and to look after its neighbors; but
that we are in changing times and are
no longer the biggest guy on the block,
who has all the money or all the military
potential; that we feel that we have a
responsibility to continue to try to help
those countries less fortunate to help
them reach their destiny and become
more developed; that that is in our na-
tional interest. That, as I understand it,
Is the thrust of the bill being managed
by the distinguished Senator from
Minnesota.
This amendment actually goes to that
thrust, because the amendment would
also require that capital projects that
we are going into under our AID pro-
posals would not string out over many,
many years and woujd not be financing
huge capital projects, but would be more
In the nature of trigger money or start-
up money, or money that would be used
for planning and to find other sources of
capital and to bring them into being, so
that they would start the engine for de-
velopment.
It would recognize that under our pro-
gram of technical aid, we would not be
trying to finance huge capital projects
under this program and continue over
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Needless to say, this proposal would
make a bakc and fundamental change
in the concept of our whole aid program.
If the proposal has merit?and it may
have merit?it seems to me that it is the
kind of basic departure that ought to be
carefully considered with an opportunity
to hear from the administration.
It is my impression that there is noths
jag magic about 3 years. Indeed, I see no
particular relation between 3 years and
the goals of our foreign assistance pro-
gram.
If it is the purpose of this amend-
ment to bring other nations into the
effort to help underdeveloped countries,
I might say that 16 other nations are
already actively engaged in that effort.
In fact, some of them, in terms of their
gross national product, are doing a bet-
ter job than the United States.
I hope the Senate will not adopt art
amendment such as this.
Mr. CHILI:I:S. Mr. President, I was in-
terested in the remarks of the distin-
guished Senator from Michigan. I would
like him to know that I did present this
proposal to the committee. I did testify
before the committee in June. That testi-
mony was certainly available in the
record to the AID people as well as to
the committee itself.
With respect to the arbitrary figure of
3 years, it is interesting to note that per-
haps some other figure could be used, but
right now the average of aid is over, per-
haps, 5 years. This year we are getting
ready to disburse a payment under a loan
of a commitment made in 19e1 to Ar-
gentina. This year we are going to make
a payment of $7.5 million. The interest
on that loan that Argentina will be pay-
ing is three-quarters of 1 percent. Sen-
ators can see why we should have some
time period.
It seems to me that this is one of the
best reasons I can think of. Someone in
the United States today who wants to
buy a home has to pay 9-percent interest,
and yet we are making a loan where we
made a commitment in 1961 to Argen-
tina; the loan was for $7.5 million and
bears interest at three-fourths of 1 per-
cent.
I do not see any ?rhyme or reason to
say we should not have a policy such as
this. It seems to me that in this bill -we
are trying to change the direction of aid.
and trying to encourage loans to be made
where they will help people, and not just
build great highways and dams. I
thought we were changing the thrust of
the bill, according to the Senator from
Minnesota, to have people-oriented proj-
ects. If we are going to have people-
oriented projects then we are talking
more about technical assistance and peo-
ple programs. We are not going to be
talking about capital projects, and any
capital projects we are in the funds
should be disbursed in 3 years.
For that reason I do not think the
amendment. is arbitrary and I think it
would be beneficial to the program.
Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. CHILES. I yield.
Mr. INO'UYE. Does the Senator's
amendment affect the International Fi-
nance Institution?
Mr. CHILES. No.
Mr. INOUYE Would it affect the mili-
tary assistance ;Yroil;ram?
Mr. CHILES. No.
Mr. INOUYE In other words, it affects
only development hams.
Mr. CFITLF,S. It affects only develop-
ment loans, capita: projects, so it would
not affect technical assistance. It would
affect capital projects under development
loans.
Mr. INOUYE . Nee President, I think
the amendmene is worthy of our serious
consideration.
The PRESIDDS G OFFICER. Who
yields time?
Mr. HUMPIaell le Mr. President, I
yield to the Senator from New York.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator front New York is recognized.
Mr. JAVITS Mr. President, I share
the concern erpressed by the Senator
froln Minnesota arid the Senator from
Michigan about ties amendment because
it is very restictive.
We must rerreneser that some projects
take many yeers, and we do not want
to get into a iiittuttion where money is
force fed and asie; to be forced out in a
lot less years than it should be in an in-
telligent and orderly development in a
developing .cou ntr;
Second, the it junction that other
sources of financirg are to be sought be-
fore, during, and after is impractical.
We know that one a project is under-
taken its financing has to be provided for,
We are talkine at out bailouts and sales
after the fact.
This imposes ob igations which cannot
be assumed in goscl faith because they
cannot be performed in business terms,
whether public: or private.
I think the fundamental thrust and
purpose of the proposal of the Senator
from Florida is tc see projects financed
so far as possible on the local level or
from an internati mai financing agency.
I am sympathetic to that.
My opinion ;meld be that because the
objective is desirable, if the proponent
of the amend meet would be willing to
modify it to mate it practical, or if it
were understoed .se will try to make it
practical when evc take it to conference,
and we are not locked into it as it is?
again, as an interesting idea and we are
always interested In trying to develop in-
teresting ideas?tee managers of the bill
might consider it disira.ble to take it to
conference with I hat understanding.
Mr. HUMP EiReY. Mr. President, I
yield myself 1 minute.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator from Minnesota is recognized.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I
wish to state that the Senator from
Florida was very proper about the
amendment. lie :ta,me before the com-
mittee to disc iss this proposal. It is not
something that has been brought up
at the last minute I believe most mem-
bers of the committee felt there was
considerable men t in what the Senator
is trying to do. Tliey found no fault with
the principle tha; some projects should
not be continued in this case, but on the
contrary, the; there should be a time
factor connected with financial partici-
pation.
I do wish to say, with all respect to the
Senator from Florida that, as I have in-
dicated to him in private conversation,
I had some concerns about certain ap-
plications of the amendment For .ex-
ample, in Ethiopia, there is a malaria
eradiation program, which was of high
priority in this body. It already has pro-
vided three loans for this program in a
country that is very poor, and it is plan-
ning a fourth program. This measure
would mean that it would be cut oft.
'Mere is another instance in Ethiopia
in terms of rural development districts.
There is a malaria project?and I men-
tion malaria because we did take special
action in a foreign aid bill some years
ago on this matter?and a 3-year limi-
tation would prevent a successful ma-
laria project. That was started in 1959
and was not completed until the early
1970's. There were problems of finding
Personnel for that part of the world,
If the Senator will believe me that we
will try to work out the matter in con-
ference in a way that will accommodate
the general principle that the Senator
has, and find a way as best we can to
get a cut-off date and at least minimize
the so-called follow-on projects, I would
be more than happy to consult withhim
during the conference. That would be
the best solution of this matter because
I would like to see this embodied in our
legislation. I know other Senators; feel
the same way, as the Senator from Ha-
wai.i has indicated.
Mr. CHILES. Mr. President, I yield to
the Senator from Hawaii.
Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, : this
amendment is worthy of our support for
two reasons. It would provide all of us
the necessary authority for oversight
and review. At the present time, because
of the unlimited nature of the develop-
ment loan program, we have very little
authority in reviewing programs.
In the case of the malaria eradication
program I am certain Congress would be
happy every 3 years to extend it, but at
least we would have the opportunity to
have a look-see. Right now because of
the restrictions of time, AID and the
State Department have made assur-
ances, they come to us after the as-
surances have been made, putting us in
a position where we have no choice and
we have to accept because the commit-
ment has been made by the Government.
This way Congress. would be a partici-
pant in making commitments for the
program.
Mr. CHILES. I thank the distingtrished
Senator from Hawaii I think he is so
right.
As he knows, and as I was saying be-
fore, we find :now AID is just now going
to disburse, $7.5 million to Argentina be-
cause they made a commitment in 1961,
even though it is at three-quarters of
1 percent interest. I have strong : feel-
ings about lending on something done in
1961 at three-quarters of 1 percent
interest when people in Minnesota and
Florida are paying 9 percent interest on
loans for housing. That is something we
have to look at in this country and we
have to have some kind of control over it.
I appreciate the Senator from Minne-
sota's assurances, and on the basis he is
talking about, I would be very satisfied to
have the amendment go to conference. I
would like to hear front him during that
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conference to see if we could work some- tions Committee to take a look at these
thing out on the amendment, because I projects.
think it is a step in the direction Which
I am convinced we have to take.
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi-
dent, will the Senator yield?
Mr. CrIILES. I yield.
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Is the Sen-
ator from Florida saying the U.S. Gov-
ernment is lending money to Argentina
at three-quarters of 1 percent,
Mr. CHILES. We are going to disburse
some funds this year on a commitment
that was made in 1961, an AID loan
made in 1961. This year we are going
to disburse $7.5 million, and the interest
rate is three-quarters of 1 percent.
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. And yet
the Government itself?not private bor-
rowers, but the Government itself?has
been paying 9 percent to lend money to
other countries at three-fourths of 1
percent.
Mr. CHILES. I think the Senator from
Virginia puts his finger on it. If we had
some kind of time limitation?and that
is the thrust of the amendment?then
we, as policymakers?and that is what
the people want us to be?are going to
get some chance to review it. The Sen-
ator from Virginia knows we would not
agree to make a loan at three-quarters
of 1 percent today, and yet we are bound
just because we did it that way in 1945
and we are continuing to do it that way.
Now, when we say something about it
to the AID people, they say, "Remember,
it is like the full faith and credit of the
United States being on the line. We
made a promise." If at the time we made
the promise, these funds could be dis-
bursed only over 36 months, everybody
knows we are going to take a look at it
again. We might well make that Joan
today to Argentina, but it certainly
should not be at three-fourths of 1 per-
cent.
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. I thank
the Senator for yielding.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I
want to say to the Senator that I shall
take this amendment. I compliment him
on his amendment and on the detailed
analysis of the situation. It is obvious
that he put a great deal of time into it.
I want to put into the RECORD some
examples of project activities in which
there are follow-on activities to accom-
plish project goals, just so we have, as
a matter of record when we go to con-
ference, what we are dealing with.
Mr. CHILES. I would be glad to have
that.
I hope the Senator would understand
the point made by the Senator from
Hawaii?that they would have to come
back to Congress and say, "We think this
is a good project. We think we should
have funds for malaria control in Ethio-
pia." I have trust that the Congress will
say it is a good project. If there were
some delays in the project, we would rec-
ognize it. We also get a look at the "tur-
keys," the ones we would not do today
because there have been some changes.
We ought to have a chance to make a
better choice.
Mr. HUMPHREY. I agree with the
Senator, and we ought to have an over-
sight subcommittee in the Foreign Rela-
2EP75V0IZAR000600170001-1
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I wonder
if the Senator will yield to me before he
takes the amendment?
Will the Senator explain what he
means in paragraph (c) where it says:
No amounts made available under this Act
shall be obligated for any follow-on project
which links that project with any other
project?
This not only applies to sections 103
to 107, but to the whole act. That is a
pretty broad net.
I am wondering if it might not be
more prudent not to carry that into con-
ference, because it is a pretty big one, but
to confiene ourselves to subsection (b),
and then endeavor to work it out as the
Senator from Minnesota and the Sen-
ator from Florida have just discussed.
Mr. CHILES. If it would help the Sena-
tor's understanding of the amendment,
I would be happy to modify it in that
way:
No amounts made available under sections
103-107 shall be obligated for any follow-
on project which links that project with
any other project.
I think this is an important part of
the amendment. I would be happy to of-
fer that as a modification.
Mr. JAVITS. Will the Senator explain
what he has in mind?
Mr. CHILES. Let me first modify the
amendment.
Mr. President, I make the following
modification: After the word "under" in
the first line of subsection (c), _insert
"sections 103-107 of".
I send the modification to the desk and
ask that the amendment be so modified.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator has a right to modify his amend-
ment.
Mr. CHILES. Mr. President, the thrust
of this?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Will the
Senator suspend until we get the modi-
fication reported?
Mr. CHILES. Certainly.
The legislative clerk read the amend-
ment, as modified, as follows:
On page 7, line 10, strike out "SHARING Or
COSTS.? and insert in lieu thereof "COST-
SHARING AND FUNDING LIMITS.?(a) ".
On page 7, between lines 18 and 19, in-
sert the following:
"(b) No assistance shall be disbursed by
the United States Government under sec-
tions 103-10'7 of this Act for a project, for
A period exceeding thirty-six consecutive
months, with efforts being made before, dur-
ing and after such period, to obtain sources
of financing within that country and from
other foreign countries and multilateral orga-
nizations."
"(c) No amounts made available under
sections 103-107 of this Act shall be obliged
for any follow-on project which links that
project with any other project."
?Mr. CHILES. The thrust of this amend-
ment is to say that when we are getting
into a capital project under AID, we are
going to know what the price is for that
project, and we are not going into a proj-
ect that starts Up as $2 million and ends
up being a project that costs $25 million
with the follow-ons.
In the Subcommittee on Foreign Op-
erations of the Committee on Appropria-
S 18419
tions, we recently saw a follow-on proj-
ect for transmission lines in Afghanistan.
It seems that some years ago AID made
a loan for a generating plant, a power-
plant, there, but at the time that loan
was made, that was to be the commit-
ment; but now AID has come back and
said, "Well, we had to grant this to use
for the transmission lines. We granted
millions of dollars for the generating
plant, and what good is a generating
plant or transmission facilities if you do
not have any lines?"
That is a pretty logical argument, but
we did not know that when we started.
When we started it, we were told that
was our obligation and th6 other money
was to come from somewhere else.
This amendment is to pin it down and
the thrust of it is to say that AID is to
provide the startup money, the trigger-
ing money, or at least know what we are
going to pay for it at the time we get
Into it, and not get into something that
goes on and on and on in followup proj-
ects, which has been much of the history
of these projects.
Mr. JAVITS. It seems to me we are
locking ourselves in at both ends. The
Senator's argument that we ought to take
a look every 3 years I can buy. I cannot
buy this argument, for the reason that
It may be every 6 months or 3 months.
What the Senator is trying to do is
protect against our own improvidence. If
we are stupid enough to give more money
for generators when we have authorized
digging a trench, that is our problem. I
do not think we can protect against our
improvidence without completely hob-
bling the whole program.
When there is a fixed period of time,
as was pointed out by the Senator from
Hawaii, in which to take a look at it, I
can go along with that, but to absolutely
restrict any project I cannot go along
with. A malaria control program may re-
quire clinics. It does not mean we have
to provide them, but it does mean we
have to listen to the arguments of peo-
ple in AID that we should furnish them.
We do not have to authorize or appro-
priate for them.
And we do take a hard look at it pe-
riodically. I think this could get another
lock on the door which would simply
paralyze us. We want this to mean some-
thing. Otherwise, why dp it at all? I
see the substance in the Senator's idea
about the year and the fact that we do
not commit ourselves for an indefinite
time in the future. However, this par-
ticular thing presents us with an absolute
limitation. Assuming that we are not
trying to be improvident, we neverthe-
less put shackles on our hands respecting
the kind of project we can finance, and
we define what is in the project and
what is a follow-on project. It is almost
Impossible to do. It will become involved
in litigation.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time
on the amendment has expired.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, has
the time expired on both sides?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator is correct.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that we may have 5
additional minutes.
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The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, think
that I have made my point. I would like
to know what answer there is to the
point I have made.
Mr. CHILES.. Mr. President, if again
there is a concern on the part of the dis-
tinguished Senator from New York that
this would limit the Congress from look-
ing at a follow-on project, then I would
think he has a valid point. And if we
wanted to 30 modify the amendment to
say:
No amounts made available under this act
shall be obligated for any follow-on project
which links that project with any other proj-
ect without congressional authorization.
Then I would be happy to offer that as
a modification. That is the thrust of the
amendment. The Senator from New York
says that we do not want to tie our
hands. However, at the same time we
want to be put on notice that if we are
going to the well again, if this is going to
be one add-on after another add-on, if
we are going further, they ought to come
back to us and not have the agency de-
cide that we have committed ourselves to
this and now they have to go forward..
They will decide that this is the word of
the United States. We might start off
and say that there will be a few million
dollars in the project and it will then go
to $200 million, then at least we would
get another look at it.
Mr. JAVITS. Suppose that the agency's
counsel makes a recommendation. I do
not know what it would be. We have not
made any commitment for a project. It
Might be to put up poles without wires.
It is not linked to any other project, and
that is it. I do not know what the Sena-
tor is protecting us against by adding
this provision except a possible legal
complexity which would enable someone
to start a suit and say that something is
illegal.
That is what I am arguing. We would
be locked in.
Mr. CHILES. Mr. President, time Sen-
ator is trying to protect a word of art
that the AID people come up with when
they come before one of the committees
and say. "We are putting in for a trans-
mission line in Afghanistan."
We ask why.' And they say, "This is a
follow-on project. We built the power
source, and no one will build the power
line. Now we are going to build the power
fine." They will probably come back and
say, "We need telephones." It is a word
of art developed by the AID people them-
selves. I think it does have a connotation
for the. word "art." And it simply requires
that Congress have another look at it.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, does
the Senator want to modify his amend-
ment and add the words "without any
congressional approval"?
Mr. CHILES. Yes.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President. I
think that will cover the subject.
Mr. CHILES. Mr. President, I so mod-
ify my amendment, on page 2, on line 3,
after the Word "project," strike the pe-
riod and add the words "without any
congressional authorization."
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
amendment is so modified.
Mr. HUMPIIREY. Mr. President, all
time on this side is yielded back.
Mr. CHee?Fel. I yield back my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time
has been yielded tack. The question is on
agreeing to the anendment of the Sen-
ator from Florida..
The amendr len k was agreed to.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President,
I send to the desk an amendment and ask
that it be stated.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
amendment will le stated.
The legislative eerk proceeded to read
the amendment.
Mr. ROBERT ie. BYRD. I ask unani-
mous consent tha; the further reading of
the amendment ee dispensed with and
that the ameadnkent be printed in the
RECORD.
The PRESIDIteG OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
The amendinent is as follows:
On page 17 st Ike out, lines 4 through 8 and
insert in lieu thereof the following:
Sac. 13, Section rf.37(a) of the Foreign As-
sistance Act of 191;1, relating to authoriza-
tions is amended te read as follows: "(a) All
administrative exi>enses incurred during
fiscal years 1914 bird 1975 by the agency
primarily responsible for administering part
I of this Act shall be paid out of amounts
made available and :r such part I."
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President,
last year, when the distinguished Sena-
tor from Havraill (Mr. Inouye), chair-
man of the St.bcerarnittee on Appropria-
tions for Foreign Assistance, reported to
the Senate the foreign assistance and
related programs appropriation bill for
fiscal year 19"3, there was a chapter be-
ginning on page :16 of the report entitled
"Problems of Foreign Assistance Pro-
grams as Pr aently Constituted." The
third, fourth, and fifth paragraphs read
as follows:
The committee r o4nts out problems relat-
ing to the a.pr roglations account covering
the Agency for (n.iernational Development's
Administrative Exrenses. This appropriation
was originally intended to monitor and con-
trol those fur.ds appropriated for foreign
assistance which w :re being used to "admin-
ister" the program however, it is ho longer
an accurate or even useful yardstick for this
purpose. For example, in fiscal year 1972,
when the authorization for administrative
expenses was reduced from $60,200,000 to
$50,000,000, onc of he agencies responses was
to transfer 324 personnel, previously funded
from the admirrisirative expenses appropria-
tion, to the program account appropriations.
Secondly, $6,385,00) in fiscal year 1972 costs
of the January 19'1 pay raises (which were
considered and rejected by the conferees on
the fiscal year 19', 2 authorization bill?see
page 18, Senate Report 92-763) were obtained
by transfer from 1912 funds previously ap-
propriated as Dee A.opment Loans. Finally,
the President tr ursferred an additional
$3,600,000 to this account for "Expanded
Vietnam Suppert Costs."
It is also a matt rr of concern to the com-
mittee that the De ielopment Assistant Com-
mittee of the Orgar izatMn of' Economic Com-
munity Develojorne it has elected not to count
funds for "ad nin strative expenses" in its
computation o! U.S. foreign assistance.
For these ant ot ler reasons the committee
feels that separate appropriation of Admin-
istrative Expenses as outlived its usefulness
and recommends liat consideration be given
to its eliminatim as an individual appropria-
tion. This would permit "'administrative"
costs to be borne by and assessed against
the several ope ratn kg programs of the Agency
for International Development as has often
come to be the case through administrative
determination.
Mr. President, my amendment would
achieve the purposes set forth in the
recommendation of the Senate Appro-
priations Subcommittee when it reported
the foreign assistance appropriation bill
last year. It will amend the Foreign As-
sistance Act by eliminating the authori-
zation for "administrative expenses."
At the present time, the operating ex-
penses for the Agency for International
Development are ilmded from two pri-
mary sources,, the AID administrative
expense appropriation, and from Major
Program appropriations.
For fiscal year 19/2 the total adminis-
trative expenses for AID were $203,939,-
000, and $58,628,000 of that amount was
appropriated under the administrative
expense authorization. The balance was
derived from the major program appro-
priations such as worldwide development
grants, population programs, alliance
development grants and others.
I ask unanimous consent to have in
the RECORD, following my remarks, a
table which will reflect the funding for
AID administrative expenses for the past
3 fiscal years. It will also show which
of these administrative expenses ? were
incurred in Washington and which were
incurred at overseas headquarters posts.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is ordered.
(See exhibit 1.)
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. Presi-
dent, I am proposing this amendment
for two reasons:
First,' the administrative expenses ap-
propriation does not accurately reflect or
limit, the amounts necessary to rim the
Agency programs. If it did, it would be
a useful and meaningful budgetary de-
vice. However, as it stands now, that title
is a hollow and misleading one that has
no real meaning or justification. Sec-
ond, by requiring the Agency for Inter-
national Development to prorate their
administrative expenses among their
ond, by' requiring the Agency for inter-
ing the administrative expense au-
thorization, we will be reducing the total
authorization by that amount. In fiscal
yell. 1973, $57,159,000 was appropriated
for administrative expenses and the
budget request for fiscal year 1974 is
$57,875,000. The committee has allowed
$49 million.
Mr. President, I believe this $49 mil-
lion ought toe be absorbed within the
various major programs administered
by AID, and I urge the adoption of my
amendment. It will mean a savings to
the taxpayers of $49 million.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I
Yield myself 2 minutes.
Let me say that I understand the de-
sire of the Senator from West Virginia
(Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD). I am also aware
that we had a discussion in the Commit-
tee on Appropriations. I would hate to
see this happen for the coming fiscal
year. My suggestion to the Senator from
West Virginia is that if he would divide
his proposal in half--in other words, re-
quire the agency to take half of the $50
from program funds. That is, a $24 mil-
lion reduction from the $49 million?.
bringing it down to $25 million. In other
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words, the administrative expenses pro-
vided for in 1974 would be $24 million.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. If the Sena-
tor would switch the figures, we would
call it a deal. The Senator is getting the
better share of the bargain. I would hope
the Senatqr would make a reduction of
$25 million, leaving $24 million.
Mr. HUMPHREY. That is what I in-.
tended X sought to leave $24 million as
the amount for administrative expenses.
$25 million would be taken from program
funds.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD, Mr. President,
I accordingly modify my amendment,
because this would be a great step in
the direction in which the Appropria-
tions Committee has reconunended that
we move.
Mr. HUMPHREY. I understand that
the Senator has discussed the matter
with the Senator from Vermont (Mr.
AIKEN) .
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I have.
Mr. HUMPHREY. I, too, have dis-
cussed it with him. We think the proposal
is satisfactory.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I think the
Senator understands my intent in offer-
ing the amendment, as do the managers
of the bill.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that my amendment be so modified.
EXHIBIT 1
' Operating expenses are funded from two
primary sources: AID. Administrative Ex-
penses and the major program appropriations
Such as Development Grants, Supporting As-
sistance, Population, etc. In addition, non-
appropriated funds available to the Agency?
for the housing investment guaranty and
excess property programs?and foreign cur-
rency Trust Funds contributed by host coun-
tries are used to meet such costs. The table
below shows the amounts funded from each
source for FY 1972-FY 1974.
FUNDING OF OPERATING EXPENSES
[In thousands Of dollars]
1972
1973
1974
APPROPRIATED FUNDS
AID administrative expenses
Worldwide development grants
Alliance development grants
Population programs
Refugee relief and rehabilitation
assistance (Bangladesh)
American schools and hospitals
abroad
Supporting assistance
Indochina reconstruction assist-.
once
Total appropriated funds
. OTHER FUNDS
Housing guaranty fund
Excess property fund
Host country local currency con-
tributions
Total
58, 628
62, 079
15,400
2,414
112
141
33, 961
57, 159
61, 070
15, 197
4,006
520
219
31,804
57, 875
56, 910
14, 035
5, 873
225
5, 230
27,248
172, 743
169,975
167,396
702
487
30, 007
900
447
29,887
1, 060
421
22,242
203,939
201,207
191,119
Total AID operating expenses:
Overseas
Washington
Total
1972
actual
1973
esti-
mated
1974
esti-
mated
118, 991
14,948
116,591
84,618
104,694
86,425
203, 939
201, 207
191, 119
Mr. HUMPHREY. We yield back our
time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk
41446P75BVOIST84011500600170001-1 S 18421
inquires, how is the amendment to be
modified?
Mr. HUMPHREY. It is very simple. Let
me help the clerk.
The bill provides for $49 million for ad-
ministrative expenses. This amendment
says there will be $24 million for admi-
nistrative expenses and $25 million will
be taken out of programed funds.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Chair understands, if the clerk does.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President,
I ask that the figure "$49 million" ap-
pearing on line 8 page 17 be stricken and
that in lieu thereof the figure "$24 mil-
lion" be inserted.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. HUMPHREY. And it is understood
that the other $25 million will come from
programed funds.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is time.
yielded back on the amendment?
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I yield back
the remainder of my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
HUDDLESTON) . All remaining time hav-
ing been yielded back, the question is on
agreeing to the amendment of the Sen-
ator from West Virginia.
The amendment was agreed to.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, the
Senator from Maryland wanted to pose a
question. I yield him 2 minutes on the
bill.
Mr. MATHIAS. Mr. President, I thank
the Senator for yielding just for a brief
question, which I think will be helpful
in clarifying one of the features of the
? bill which has been brought into doubt,
under the area found on page 10 of the
bill relating to housing guarantees.
Mr. President, according to the com-
mittee report, as I read it, the state of
Israel was receiving $50 million a year in
guaranteed loans in fiscal year 1973 and
fiscal year 1974. Given the desperate
housing conditions which exist in Israel,
and both the needs and the ability of the
I,sraelis to use such loans effectively, I
would hope that the administration
would continue these loans in fiscal year
1975 at the same rate.
Incidentally, I am advised that Israel
itself is spending some $400 million a
year for new housing.
Since there is some question about
this, and since I think specifically the
state of Israel is not certain at this time
whether the administration will actually
make these loans available at the same
level for the rest of fiscal year 1974 and
prospectively in fiscal year 1975, I am
wondering if the Senator would state

what the committee's position is, and
whether I am correct in my assumption
that it is the intent of Congress, and
certainly the will of the Senate, that this
program be continued.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Oh, absolutely. This
program was discussed fully in commit-
tee. I do not think there is the shadow of
a doubt that the program is to be
continued.
We did review very carefully these
program loans and guarantees in hous-
ing, and took into consideration, by the
way, of course, the views of the distin-
guished Senator from Alabama (Mr.
SPARKMAN) , who is obviously involved in
all matters relating to housing.
It is the view of the committee that
the administration should continue at
the level that is in this bill.
Mr. MATHIAS. I had contemplated
the possibility that an amendment
might be appropriate.
Mr. HUMPHREY. It is not necessary.
Mr. MATHIAS, But I think if it is the
very clear understanding of the Senate
that this is what is intended by this bill,
that should suffice.
Mr. HUMPHREY. I think the bill
speaks specifically to this point. There is
no doubt what the intent is:
that the level shall continue and not be
modified, that is, into a lesser degree.
Mr. MATHIAS. I thank the Senator.
AMENDMENT NO. 577
Mr. ROTH. Mr. President, I call up
my amendment No. 577, as modified.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
amendment will be stated.
The legislative clerk read as follows:
Beginning on page 30, line 3, strike all to
end of bill.
Mr. ROTH. Mr. President, the amend-
ment has been modified to read as
follows:
Beginning on page 30, line 3, strike all to
and including line 13 on page 31.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
amendment is so modified.
Mr. ROTH. Mr. Presidmt, I am sym-
pathetic to the intent of this section of
the bill, but I believe that this is the
wrong approach to correcting a serious
problem.
This section would provide, if it be-
came law, that if, after a demand for
information in writing was made by
either the Committee on Foreign Rela-
tions of the Senate or the Committee on
Foreign Affairs of the House of Repre-
sentatives, the committee did not receive
the information from the Department of
State, the U.S. Information Agency, the
Agency for International Development,
the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament
Agency, ACTION, or the Overseas Pri-
vate Investment Corp., funds for the
particular department, agency, or cor-
poration would be cut off.
I happen to agree that it is most im-
portant that Congress receive the in-
formation that it needs, both for legisla-
tive purposes as well as for purposes of
oversight. However, I think this is the
wrong solution.
I would :Ike to point out that this is
not a partisan issue. In 1967, when I was
a Member of the House of Representa-
tives, I had problems in getting informa-
tion I thought I was entitled to as a
Member of the House of Representatives.
It took me something like 18 months to
even identify the hundreds of Federal
domestic assistance programs, and I
might say that as a member of the panel
that has been looking into executive priv-
ilege and related problems on the Sen-
ate side, I strongly agree that this ad-
ministration, too, has not been supply-
ing the information that we need.
The thing that concerns me is that the
cure is almost as bad as the bite. It seems
to me wrong to provide that funds will be
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cut off for an entire program because, in
essence, what we are saying is that those
who are intended to benefit from the pro-
gram will suffer because someone hi the
executive branch refuses that informa-
tion.
I think it is also wrong because it
would mean that the families of those
persons working for that department
would also have their compensation cut
off. This seems to me an overreadhing of
Power on the part of Congress.
I might point out that secondly, it
seems to me that this section, if it be-
came law, in effect could cut both ways,
and I do not think it is desirable ft tom
either standpoint. What it provided is
that a committee, by demanding certain
information, can in effect kill a program,
and there is no limit as to what; kind of
information could be demanded.
I think that it is wrong that any com-
mittee be given the ,power to defeat a
program that has been enacted by both
the House of Representatives and the
Senate. It seems to me that if any such
action were to be taken, it should be the
action of Congress as a whole, rather
than merely one committee.
But I point out, to those who are sup-
porting this legislation, that it could cut
from the other standpoint as well. It
would be very simple for a President who
did not like a particular program to re-
fuse such information, and thereby kill
the program.
The PRESIDING OleteiCER. The Sen-
ate will be in order.
Mr. ROTH. Finally, I would like to
point out that it seems that we learn
nothing from history. This legislation
places no limit, except that there is some
provision with respect to executive priv-
ilege. Beyond that, it provides no limit
as to the kind of information that can be
demanded.
I think if we go back in the days of
the 1950's, we will recall there was a
committee that became infamous
throughout this land for its unreason-
able demands. That could happen again
in the future. I would just say that the
committee could demand information
for which it really has no need. As the
New York Times in 1954 said:
The Congress is not entitled to every
scrap of information and every piece of
paper in the executive branch.
For that reason, I think this legisla-
tion is unsound in that it has no limita-
tion.
More important than anything else.
I would like to point out that the Govern-
ment Operations Committee is working
on this very serious problem. It is a prob-
lem not only with our foreign policy
agencies, but with several other agen-
cies, and I am very hopeful that before
the year is out we will report to this floor
a bill that will provide a sound means of
insuring that each legislative committee
has the information to which it is
entitled.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I
thank the Senator for telling us again
what the Government Operations Com-
mittee is directing its attention toward.
That is where we feel we will find a reso-
lution of the problem on Information.
Now with the approval of the distin-
guished chat! unit of the Foreign Rela-
tions Committee, I understand that this
language has bee agreed on between the
two Houses, to that it would be accept-
able.
So I might send it to the desk ,and ask
that?
The PRE131D[NG OFFICER. That
would not be in order until all time has
been yielded lied on the pending amend-
ment, except by unanimous consent.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent to proceed in that
manner.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered. The amend-
ment is so mc dill ed--
Mr. HUMPHREY. No. Would the clerk
please state the amendment?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
amendment will be stated.
The assistant legislative clerk read as
follows:
Beginning on page 30, line 3, strike out all
down through line. 13 on page 31 and insert
the following:
"Sec. 22. Sabs.:( ction 634(c) of the For-
eign Assista.me Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2394
(c)) is amended--
(1) by strikIng out (1); and
(2) by striking out all after the phrase so
requested and inserting in lieu thereof a
period and the ft flowing: The provisions of
this subsection slesll not apply to any com-
munication that is directed by the President
to a particular officer or employee of the
United States Cic vernment or to any com-
munication that is directed by any such
officer or empboyea to the President.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, that
is the tannage that is in the original
bill at present, but I wanted it clear that
we would be striking all the language
from page 30 down through the line on
Page 31, line 2.
Mr. ROTH. Mr, President, I would say
to the Senator from Minnesota that, of
course, it is :in improvement in the sense
that it deletes several of the agencies to
which it wot ld c therwise apply. I ask this
question: It is ny understanding, then,
that essentially what this does is to have
It apply only to the--
Mr. HUT API IREY. Foreign assist-
ance?
Mr. ROTI I [continuing]. Agencies. The
Agency for International Development?
Is that correct?
Mr. HUMPHREY. That is correct. We
thought in this legislation that we should
relate the amendment to the particular
activities of OIL; particular agency.
Mr. ROTH. I would say to the Senator
from Minm sota that I personally could
not support tin! amendment. I will not
ask for a rollcal I vote. I disagree with the
language in prbiciple. It is the wrong way
to correct what I consider to be a serious
problem. But I realize from earlier votes
that I cannot eliminate it entirely so I
will not ask for a record vote.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I
yield back the remainder of my time.
Mr. ROM. Dir. President, I yield back
the remain ler of my time.
Mr. HUMPHREY. That is the amend-
ment I presented to the desk, is it not, on
which we will now be voting?
The PRE SUING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator is cornet.
The question is on agreeing to the
amendment of the Senator from Minne-
sota (Mr. HUMPHREY).
The amendment was agreed to.
Mr. PER( obtained the floor.
Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, I am
happy now to yield to the asSistallt-Ma-
jority leader.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I thank the
Senator for yielding without losing his
right to the floor.
Mr. President, I am authorized by the
distinguished majority leader?this
matter having been cleared on both sides
of the aisle, and having been Cleared
with Senators COTTON, MAGNUSON,
YOUNG, MCCLELLAN, and other Senators,
and the leadership on the other side of
the aisle?to) propound the following
unanimous-consent requests:
That, on tomorrow, immediately after
any orders for the recognition of Sena-
tors and any routine morning business,
the Senate proceed to the consideration
of the continuing resolution for 1974,
House Joint Resolution 727.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President,
I ask unanimous consent that on Thurs-
day next, after routine morning business,
the Senate proceed to the consideration
of the Labor and HEW appropriation bill
H.R. 8877.
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi-
dent, reserving the right to object, may
I inquire whether the report; of the com-
mittee and the proposal are both avail-
able to Senstonsa
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. The commit-
tee report is being filed today.
Mr. HAR:RY F. BYRD. JR. r thank
the Senator.
The PRESIDING 0101010ER. Is there
objection to the request of the Senator
from West Virginia? The Chair hears
none, and it is so ordered.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mn President.
I ask unanimous consent that it be in
order tomorrow afternoon?depending,
of course, on the circtunstances and the
time of day when the continuing resolu-
tion shall have been disposed of?for the
leadership to call up S. 2385, the ama-
teur athletic: bill.
The PRESIDING aeteaCER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I thank the
distinguished Senator from Illinois for
yielding me this time.
LMENDMENT NO. 574
Mr. PERCY. Mr, President, I call up
my amendment No. 574 and ask that it
be stated.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
amendlhent will be stated.
The assistant legislative clerk teed as
follows:
On page 9, line 11, strike out the quo-
tation marks.
On page 9, between lines 11 and 12, insert
the following:
"Sec. 116. INTEGRATING WOMEN INTO NA-
TIONAL Ecorromms.--Sections 103-107 shall
be administered so as to give particular
attention to those programs projects, and
activities which tend to integrate women
Into the nat:.onal economies of foreign ccun-
tries, thus Improving their status and as-
sisting the total development effort."..
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to add a new section to the bill for disas-
ter relief. This is very much in order,
particularly in countries like Pakistan
and Nicaragua and other countries in
West Africa in areas where there is seri-
ous trouble and great distress. But the
amendment would call for an additional
sum of money to the bll.
I have been a bit critical of those who
have presented amendments here with-
out hearings or without calling them to
the attention of the committee?and I
say this without referring to anyone who
may be in the Chamber at this moment?
but it would be much better in light of the
fact that the sum of money here that I
have been seeking would be approxi-
mately $150 million, that this amendment
go to the Committee on Foreign Rela-
tions and I would hope that we could
have hearings on it, because I know that
the administration is deeply concerned
over some of the needs in these disaster
areas, where there is great suffering from
floods, earthquakes, and drought. There-
fore, I am not going to call up my amend-
ment, but I will send it to the desk and
ask unanimous consent that it be re-
ferred, as a bill, to the Committee on
Foreign Relations, on behalf of myself,
Senator KENNEDY, and Senator JACKSON.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection it is so ordered.
FUND/NG FOR DISASTER RELIEF
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, last
year we all were deeply concerned about
the severe damage caused by an earth-
quake in Nicaragua. During the last few
months, we have been shocked to learn
of the catastrophic effects of a wide-
spread, prolonged drought in West Af-
rica. In just the last few weeks, we have
been appalled by the devastation caused
by floods in Pakistan.
The United States?both its Govern-
ment and its private citizens?has re-
sponded promptly and generously to each
of these disasters.
But the needs in each case go beyond
the provision of food and other emer-
gency relief. These unfortunate people
must be given the wherewithal to reha-
bilitate themselves and begin again the
task of development. The economic as-
sistance funds already included in this
bill are badly needed to implement the
new development purposes outlined in
the policy section. If we are to meet our
important humanitarian obligation in
the three unfortunate areas, additional
funds must be authorized for this pur-
pose. It is for this reason that I have
? introduced an amendment to authorize
$150 million, of which $95 million would
be for Pakistan flood recuperation, $40
million for the African Sahel drought
area, and $15 million for Nicaragua
earthquake reconstruction.
The needs are tremendouS in each
case. In Nicaragua, the reconstruction
problems now facing the people of Ma-
nagua are staggering. The earthquake
which struck on December 23, 1972 killed
some 10,000 people and injured 20,000.
It was followed by 6 days of fires which
swept through the still standing build-
ings in the city area. When the catas-
trophe was over half the population of
Managua had lost their homes and two-
thirds were refugees. Only one-fifth of
the city had escaped significant dam-
Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, I believe
that we can dispose of this amendment,
important as it is, in just a few minutes.
Let me make these comments.
It is well known that in many of the
lesser developed countries, traditional
practices, cultural mores, and inadequate
resourceS tend to block women and girls
from access to educational and economic
,opportunities.
In developed countries as well, includ-
ing the United States, women and girls
suffer similar?if less severe?discrimi-
nation. I am very conscious of this, and
I continue to support every reasonable
effort to give women and girls full
equality in our society.
The Committee on Foreign Relations
has been especially concerned with the
problems of women in the aid-recipient
countries. In the committee report on
this year's foreign assistance bill, S. 2335,
the following language appears:
Itecognizing that the status of women
within each society is one of the indicators
of the level of national development. I.S.
bilateral aid should assist in the integra-
tion of women into the national economy.
This is an important concept and a
significant statement which I now wish
to bring into law by means of an amend-
ment to the foreign assistance bill.
My amendment specifies that the ma-
jor provisions of the act "shall be ad-
ministered so as to give particular at-
tention to programs, projects, and activi-
ties which tend to integrate women into
the national economies of foreign coun-
tries, thus improving their status and
assisting the total development effort."
At the same time as we seek to achieve
the equal rights of women in our own
country, let us adopt this amendment to
promote the achievement of equal rights
for women in the aid-recipient Countries.
Mr. President, I trust that the man-
agers of the bill will, in their wisdom,
consider this a desirable objective and
will accept the amendment.
Mr, HUMPHREY. Mr. President, may
I say to the distinguished Senator from
Illinois that the amendment is surely
acceptable. I have discussed it with the
Senator from Vermont (Mr. AIKEN) and
the Senator from New York (Mr. JAviTs)
and we are more than happy to take it.
Mr. President, I yield back whatever
time remains to me on this amendment.
Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, I yield back
the remainder of my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time
on the amendment has now been yielded
back.
The question is on agreeing to the
amendment No. 57 of the Senator from
Illinois (Mr. PERCY).
The amendment was agreed to.
INTRODUCTION OF S. 2521, AS AN
AMENDMENT OF THE FOREIGN
ASSISTANCE ACT TO PROVIDE
DISASTER RELIEF TO THE
DROUGHT-STRICKEN SAHEL, TO
RELIEVE THE FLOOD DAMAGE IN
PAKISTAN A,ND PROVIDE RECON-
STRUCTION ASSISTANCE TO NIC-
ARAGUA
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, it was
my intention to yield on the bill all time
that we have to call up an amendment
S 18423
age; and one-third was completely de-
stroyed. Most of the government offices
had been rendered unusable. Four entire
hospitals had been destroyed and 65 per-
cent of Managua's classrooms were lost.
Total damage to Physical assets was esti-
mated at over $300 million.
The international donor community
rushed relief assistance to the people of
Managua. Sixty-three countries, a num-
ber of voluntary agencies, the U.N., and
the OAS all contributed food, emergency
shelter, medicine, and field hospitals.
AID contributed $12.5 million in disaster
relief.
Now Managua must be rebuilt?at a
cost far greater than the estimated dam-
ages. The hospitals, schools, and govern-
ment buildings must be replaced. New
homes must be built for the refugees?
under higher construction standards and
less crowded conditions so that this
catastrophe will not repeat itself. Pub-
lic services and utilities?water, electric-
ity, streets?must be provided for Mana-
gua and the nearby cities where much
of Managua's population is now living.
There is an urgent need for $15 mil-
lion in fiscal year 1974 for AID to assist
in rebuilding Managua and its economy.
The first priority will be to provide as-
sistance to the least fortunate victims of
this disaster?to build low-cost housing
and provide services for the thousands of
poor Nicaraguans who lost what little
they had in the earthquake.
The floods which swept Pakistan in
late August and early September devas-
tated more than 3 million acres of its
most productive agricultural land. More
than 400 people have died. About 10 mil-
lion people were dislocated, with 1 million
homes lost or damaged and perhaps 1
million tons of stored grain lost. The
tragedy came just as PakistAi was com-
pleting a record wheat harvest and was
beginning to register significant eco-
nomic progress in the aftermath of the
war with India and the loss of East
Pakistan. The Pakistan Government
considers the flood to be the worst natu-
ral disaster in its history.
The flood did tremendous damage not
only to the current crop but also to the
irrigation system, the roads, the railways,
and in some cases the land on which
agricultural production depends. It will
cost the Pakistan Government at least
$75 million to restore these facilities and
an additional $100 million to rebuilt
schools, health and other public facilities.
Seed, fertilizer, and other agricultural
inputs will be needed to assure maximum
production in the next year.
Because the flood cost Pakistan $400
million in foreign exchange earnings,
general balance-of-payments assistance
will be necessary to assure the country
can purchase needed products from
abroad.
The United States has already con-
tributed $42 million of the $59 million
provided by the international community
for disaster relief in Pakistan. The task
now is to rebuilt the devastated economy.
Mr. President, as chairman of the Sub-
committee on African Affairs of the For-
eign Relations Committee, I have fol-
lowed closely report of the disastrous
drought in West Africa. I am particularly
concerned that the United States con-
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tinue to play an active role in the relief
and recovery of this area.
The people in six West AYrican states--
Mauritania, Mali, Chad, Upper Volta,
Niger, and Senegal?are suffering one of
the worst natural disasters in history.
The United States must act now to as-
sure that food -reaches these people
threatened by famine and to begin proj-
ects which will eventually enable them
to again feed themselves. Without mai-
sive food assistance and adequate dis-
tribution facilities, millions will die of
starvation in the next year. Without as-
sistance in substantially increasing the
productivity of this area and pushing
back the steadily encroaching desert, the
suffering and threat of famine will con-
tinue indefinitely. The United States. in
cooperation with the rest of the interna-
tional donor community, can easily pre-
vent famine, alleviate suffering. iind pro-
vide some hope for the people of the
Sahel.
Four years of drought have devastated
the area known as the Sahel..Thousands
have died of starvation and disease. Mil-
lions have lost their means of support--
and their way of life. Their herds are
dead. Their wells are dry. Their farms
and pasturelands have been claimed by
the Sahara Desert.
Today, millions of nomadic herdsmen
and farmers are clustered around cities,
waiting for the meager rations of food
and water that will keep them al:ive.
They are weakened and vulnerable to
disease. The margins of survival are ex-
tremely thin. The only thing certain
about their future is that the suffering
will continue?and the threat of famine
will become greater.
For again this year the rains did not
come in many of these states Again,
many farmers saw their seed bake in the
ground. Many of them had no seed to
plant, or were away from their farms in.
search of food, or had seen the desert
take over what was once their farmland.
The harvests that are due in the next 3
months will be smaller than ever. They
can do little to alleviate the hunger.
The grain reserves are totally depleted.
As much as 80 percent of the herds
that fed the nomads are dead. Those that
remain are threatened by starvation. dis-
ease, and lack of water. .
To avoid famine in the coining year,
the international donor community must
be willing to provide even more emer-
gency relief than was necessary last year.
The relief supplied last year was barely
enough to keep those who could reach
the distribution centers alive. It is im-
possible to estimate how many died try-
ing to reach these centers or in isolated
villages, but most agree that deaths from
starvation or disease were in the hun-
dreds of thousands.
Last year, the international donor
community contributed 624,000 tons of
grain and $38,550,000 in cash. Of this,
the United States contributed 256,000
tons of grain and $4,400,000. The major
problem in, the relief effort was inade-
quate transportation facilities. Food piled
up at ports waiting to be shipped. inland.
The United States contributed three
C-130's to carry food to distribution cen-
ters inaccessible by road or railroad. But
many of the eillages were never reached;
and for man3r in the distribution centers,
the food arrered too late.
Because the reserves are gone that en-
abled people to sarvive while they waited
for food shipments last 3rear, the trans-
portation bottlenecks that developed
cannot be allowed to recur. Grain must
be shipped new and stored where it will
be needed. This vall require external sub-
sidization of trucking, road repair and
storage?as well as a continuing steady
flow of grain shipments.
The African states are doing every-
thing possible to meet this catastrophe
internally. But it must be remembered
that these ar e seine of the poorest states
in the world. Mali, for example, had a per
capita GNP ref 860 before the drought.
The tax base in these countries has been
destroyed. They 2annot, tax farmers who
have lost the; r farms or herdsmen whose
cattle are dead. Their traditional export
crops diminia het., they are earning very
little foreign eachange. Without sub-
sidization frcm the European Economic
Community, these governments would
not have been able to function in the last
year.
The lives of 25 million people in the
Sahel are therefere in the hands of the
international donor community. U.S. as-
sistance in the past year has made the
difference between life and death for mil-
lions. We can be proud of the role the
United States has played, not only in
providing direct assistance, but also in
encouraging other nations to participate
and in coOrdi aating the international re-
lief effort. We cannot now relax our ef-
forts to avoid famine in the Sahel, when
the peak of the crisis is still to come.
Maurice WM:sins, the President's spe-
cial coordinator for drought relief, has
stated, "Merely keeping people alive is
not enough." Beeause the people of the
Sahel are malnourished and vulnerable
to disease, subsistence-level food sup-
plies are not enough to assure their sur-
vival. Medicines arid nutritional food will
have to be proviied. The United States
is helping se; up a nutritional surveil-
lance system in the Sahel. We will have
to provide both aiedicine and high-qual-
ity food to prevent the spread of the con-
tagious diseases that have already killed
thousands of the victims of the drought.
And, if this disaster is not to continue
year after ye an erojects must be begun
now that will enable the people of the
Sahel to once again feed themselves.
The first and most critical task is to
assure that the harvest a year from now
Is as large as possible and that breeding
herds are kept al.ve. Water must be pro-
vided wherever .aossible. Farm-to-mar-
ket roads must be repaired and new ones
built. Seed and agricultural inputs must
be provided. The remaining herds must
be fed and innoculated against disease.
And those farmers who will be able to
plant crops must be taught methods for
maximizing their production. Unless
these projects are begun immediately,
the threat of famine will hang over the
Sahel not only next year, but the year
after as well. A-, a time of worldwide
food shortage, is a cannot afford to let
this happen.
But the Ion ler- term task of full recov-
ery in the Sahel will require much more
than the building of roads and wells. The
Sahara Desert has claimed much of what
was once crop and pasture land and con-
tinues to encroach on the little produc-
tive land left in these six West African
states.
In a recent meeting in Ouagadoug rep-
resentatives of the African governments
and of national and international relief
organizations outlined a program for re-
covery of the land taken over by the
desert. This program will have to be
carefully reviewed to assure that it
solves rather than aggravates the prob-
lem of desertification. It will then take
years of work and innovation to imple-
ment. But the U.S. Government has com-
mitted itself to contributing to the full
recovery of the Sahel.
We must begin in the next year to
apply our research skills, our agricul-
tural technology, and our scientific ex-
pertise to pushing back the desert in
West Africa. We have considerable ex-
perience and research capabilities in
semi-arid agriculture. We have expertise
in livestock :management and water re-
sources development. We can provide
tools, seed, and research in crop. rota-
tion and livestock improvement.
We have already begun using the
Earth Resources Technology Satellite to
survey water resources in the Sahel and
to work with scientists and agricultural
specialists in American universities in
helping develop a comprehensive plan
for recovery in the Sahel. We must con-
tinue and expand these efforts to make
the Sahel productive again.
The Sahelian drought is a unique
catastrophe. It has not only brought the
threat of famine for millions; it has also
destroyed the land. If the land is riot re-
stored, the threat of famine will continue
indefinitely; and the Sahel will become a
permanent disaster area.
Yet, if the international community
meets the challenge of this catastrophe,
It could become a breakthrough hi de-
velopment assistance. For the Sahel is an
extreme example of the development
problems faced around the world. Agri-
cultural methods are archaic in many
less developed countries. In the Sahel,
most of the food crops are grown by
farmers with wooden hoes.
Agricultural productivity is far below
capacity throughout the developing
world. The small farmers who produce
most of the food and export crops can-
not get credit or agricultural inputs, are
not reached by farm-to-market roads,
are often not receiving adequate water
supplies, and receive little or no educa-
tion, extension or health services. The
people of the Sahel, living in some of the
poorest countries in the world, are faced
with all these problems in. an extreme
form.
The international donor community
has begun to meet the extreme problems
of the Sahel with all the scientific
knowledge, technology, and agricultural
expertise applicable. The United States
has promised to use scientists and agri-
cultural experts from our universities in
helping to develop a comprehensive re-
covery plan. The United Nations has be-
gun to collect all the studies that have
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A-k/v1,1/4,
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opment problems of the poor countries. States cropland that coula readily be brought
Yet, it is in our national interest to be- back into production."
h g- neith-
The implication of this for the poor coun-
ouve this warn' ?our Nation is
tries, many of them already falling behind in
er so rich nor o powerful that we can the food-population race, is grave. Their main
ignore any coun ry in the world. Other
. hope lies in expanding food production
nations may pay tpe price for our o through the spread of the new high-yielding
ness and lack of concern today. How- dwarf varieties of rice and wheat which, with
ever, it will be the United States who pays enough fresh water and nitrogen fertilizer,
the price tomorrow, tknless we can dem- can double harvests. But country after
onstrate a little wisdom and foresight country lacks the foreign exchange to buy
pu
rather than snccumbing, to simple and
The fos.recast then is not or inevitable
shortsighted nations of what our role global famine. It is for famir which can
in the world should be. ., be avoided if the United Stat and other
Mr. President as we begin deliberation rich countries give enough for gn aid for
of S. 2335, it is important that we cast fertilizer, insecticides, irrigation rks, feed-
aside simplistic notions of what our for- er roads, landlord compensation id family
eign aid efforts around the world should pinning. old "trickle down" de lopment
entail and deal with the real problems ec omics are no longer good enough; a way
with which we
has to be found?and very quicklyArto di-
rectl fill the cisterns at the bottom. . ,
tons now and i arerying to find solu-
n en,s ? g years. Th will require a wholesale sh4t -in
In this connection, here appeared a Ameri n public opinion. Foreign aid res-
timely article in yester . 's Washington, ently tttering along on well over a- year of
Star-News. The article as written by miserly unding under Congressional con-
Mr. Richard, Cdtchfield, a Vner Asian tinning solutions. Congress apparently Is
correspondent for the Star- ew,s who is in no mo d to be generous now. And till)
now studying the food and 'population former fore 1n aid lobby, East Coast liberals'
'am used to ombine a Steady interest in the
problems of the third world b,\ living in ----o
peasant communities in Asia an Africa.
The importance by Mr. Critc field's
article is that it .is based won hig first
hand knowldege and experiences. We in
the United States, who are not in y-
to-day contact with the problems of t e
developing world, engage in the lnx thef say. \
a taining al f h
Such arguments may be silenced quickly
mam an ooness wen 1 /
once mass starvation belomes a regular even-
comes to consideration of .these pro-' 's1ng feature on the Amer an living room TV
lerns. Reality becomes clouded b,y mean- Screen. Americans may ke alarmed about
ingless and empty rhetoric which 'det- tins summer's shortage cif beef and high
rimental for a responsible and ,effective fooil prices. But their aver e daily intake
formulation of our policy., ? is st i around 3,000 calories d?lch 49 per-
Mr. Critchfield has perfgrined a y.kry cent derived from animal p ducts and 35
invaluable service by explaining the re-. percent from cereals, starchy fo s and sugar.
alitieS Of the world sitnation today, 8.Iid - The average Asian in recent moths is get-
ting less than the 2,000 calorie , he could
particularly how on -f ?reign aid effort count on 40 years ago?and 80 nercent of
Is directly related to such problems as what he dooe get is starch and sugar'.,
food production, p6pulation control, and
Food incrcioss in the poor countrk, re-
self-sufficiency in the developing na- markable as t bey have been since the tro-
te-S
tions. /
cluction of the 4iew?wheat and rice in 67,
I ask unanimous consent that theaxti- simply cannot 'leep up with the 180, oo
cle be prin d in the RECORD. babies born each 4ay or the 66 million m e
ThereJeing no objection, the article mouths to feed eac year.
As Theodore Gag* of the National Plant
was Ord d to be printed in the RECORD, ning Association aneothers have predicted,
as follows: it may not be long before American guilt
-., FOREIGN ALD OR FAMINE over Vietnam and Ansa ointment over th,
(By Richard Critchfield) results of 21 years of fo ign aid may shift
What can the ,individual American do to dramatically?suddenly w&.may be blaming
help the increagngly hungry poor two-thirds past failures on the inadeogcy of previous
Of the worldin the Ny4:4=011114 global food efforts. And past failures arh, beginning to
Support increased foreign aid. It cannot look not all that serious. UnitVtates food
aid shipments have dropped sha ly the past
Crisis?
come too soon,. This summer:Uric' grain few years, largely because of the ,success in
reserves fell to around 100 million tons, _the transferring modern American farnitechnol-
lowest level in 20 years. Some 200 -million ogy to the poor countries.
Indians, 25 million Africans and possibly 40 - But this is not time to lag. The ey to
Million Chinese face hunger, if not famine, continuing Increases in food producti? in
before the winter harvest, And BangladeA, Brown's words, Is the "development of ter
Indonesia and the Philippines will be Ohl-. resources and continuation of United Sta s
cally short of rice until December. support of the kind which, launched t
Russian grain purchases abroad of ,213 mil- green revolution." In short, more foreign aid. \
lions tons, half of it from the Malted. States , During the past year in Southeast Asia I
and ,a1together almost three tnnes bigger have seen concrete example after example of
than any food import in histosy, has created governments frustrated in their attempts
a problem even in the Unittd Otates. About grow more food because of insufficient f
half of some N million acres q United States eign aid. The Philippines, for instance,
reserve erOpland--much?,of the rest is mar- critically short of fertilizer but lacks the
ginal?is being put bask into production. eign exchange to buy it. Nor can it proc
Agricultural expertster R. Brown of the with land reform?on which modernizat on
Overseas Development Csuncil has described of its agriculture depends?without $25,0 to
It is a "dangerous" s4ation: "For the first $300 million in aid needed over a thre -ry::
time since the-end of Worid War II, the world . period for landlord compensation. iflit . is without either of the two important safety4.--tween the United States, J and t
,
valves in the world food economy?surplus World Bank, at $30 million a apiece th
stOcke of grain and a large reserve of United would be a cheap and effective form of aid.
whole world ?with an instinct for reform,
now seems to\have turned its back on all
foreign involveinents. Aid is bad, they say,
because It encotkrages Vietnam-style inter-
vention and helpa he rich not the poor. And
besides, economic rowth is impossible be-
cause it will' exhaust the planet's resources,
I
is
r-
ed
tilR000600170001-1 S 18237
Population control often suffers the same
way. The World Bank recently came up with
a $33 million, five-year loan package for
family planning in Indonesia geared to han-
dle 1.2 million acceptors. By the time the
program was cranked up, successes in East
Java and Bali had brought the number of
acceptors up close to 2 million but there were
no funds for vital follow-up field workers.
Thailand's family planners are also getting
more acceptors than they have money to
handle.
Short of the Maoist model, no one has yet
come up with a formula to combine eco-
nomic advance with full employment and
equitable income distribution. This means
the gap between rich and poor inevitably
widens. The drama of most poor countries
today, it' a race between the onset of revo-
ludnary politics and the arrival of genu-
?the economic progress, through traditional
schemes of development, to make such revo-
lutionary politics unnecessary. To buy time
for the race to be fairly run, the poor coun-
tries must grow enough food. '
The present transfer of resources from rich
countries to poor has been stuck at $6 billion
a year, what it was five years ago; official aid
from the world's 16 richest countries is still
,only 0.35 percent of gross national product,
half of what it was 10 years ago. Yet in those
10, years real incomes In the richest countries
haVe risen 45 percent.
The present world food crisis has revealed
the poor countries, physical _Ificapacity to
produce enough food at present foreign aid
levels, ft has shown the United States can no
longer be counted upon as the emergency
breadbasket of the world. If no increases in
United States foreign aid are quickly forth-
coming and the-poor countries find them-
selves power10 to escape the vicious circle
in which they are enclosed, international
politics will be profoundly changed. It is
time for individual Americans to strongly
support foreign 41c1. Their children's well-
being depends on it,
Mr. ABOITREZIC, obtained the floor.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, a
point of information, Did I und(rstand
the Senator from South Dakota was will-
ing to yield to the Senator from Ohio
(Mr. TAFT) , so we could proceed with
his amendment?
Mr. ABOUREZK. yes, intend to do
that as soon as I get reciognition.
The PRESIDING 0101.1. 'hAnt,. The Sen-
ator from South Dakota.
,Mr. ABOUREZK. Mr. Presidtnt, I call
arInly amendment No. 462.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. me clerk
will *port.
Th
ECfnend
Mr.
unanimo
amendmen
The PR
objection, it
AmendmentVo. 452 is as follows:
On page 30, line , insert the following:
"Ste. . , ? ..... -istance
of
legislative clerk proceeded tea
ent NV.,462.
OUREZK. Mr. President; sk
consent that reading of t e
be dispensed with.
ING OferuCX,R. WithouX
so ordered.
arliendeciby
he following new sect
\ "Sec. 4559. LIMITAT
F De..--None of the
abl to carry out-this or a
cling at the end
5 ON AUTHORIZED
nds made avail-
other Act, and
none of the local currengie
acruing under
this

any Act, shall be 'need. to provide
trainin or advice, or , provide any fisunciai
support, for police, prisons, or other internal
security forces of any foreign government o
any program of internal intelligence or s
veillance on behalf of any foreign gove
ment.'."
On page 9, at the end of line 7, quo-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
tation marks and delete line 3 through Line
11.
Mr. ABOUREZK. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous ecoment that the Senator
from Ohio (Mr. TAFT) be allowed to call
tip his amendment before the considera-
tion of my amendment No. 462.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection? Without objection its is so
ordered.
The Senator from Ohio is recognized.
Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, I call up my
amendment, which is imprinted, and ask
for its immediate consideration
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk
will read the amendment.
The legislative clerk read the amend-
ment, as follows:
On page 11, delete lines 17 and 18 under
the heading "Programs Relating to Popula-
tion Growth" and substitute the following:
"for each of the fiscal years 1972 and 19Y3,
$125,000,000" and insert in lieu thereof for
the fiscal year 1974, $125,060,000 and for the
fiscal year 1975, $1543,000,600.",
Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, I have al-
ready just briefly discussed the provis;ons
of this amendment.
, I yield myself such time as I may eon-
-Lame.
This amendment does not change the
authorization for fiscal year 1974 nor
does it add any additional funding for
fiscal yea: 1975. What the amendment
does is to provide for a modest increase of
$25 million in earmarked funding lor
1975 programs relating to population
growth so as to maintain the continulog
momentum of this crucially impor :ant
endeavor.
There is no need to reiterate the an-
portance of family planning and popula-
tion programs in this body, for the Sen-
ate, under the leadership of the distin-
guished chairman of the Foreign Rela-
tions Committee, the manager of this; bill
today, and a number of other Senators
has shown great vision and foresight in
providing funds for family planning and
insuring that the US. Agency for Inter-
national Development Will proveole vigor-
ous support in this field.
It is especially important that U.S.
support for population programs con-
tinues to expand somewhat to meet the
rising crescendo of national program re-
quests for assistance in this field. ?
Because of the 'support which has peen
provided to these programs by U.S. AID,
the United Nations Fund for Population
Activities has now become a source of
major international support and encour-
agement for new family planning pro-
grams throughout the developing world.
Year 1974 is World Population Year and
already the fund is faced With more-re-
quests ler help than it can support. I
would h-ope that much of this additional
$25 million will be provided directly by
AID to the United Nations Fund. for
Population Activities to continue its
work. The U.S. Government pro vides
less than one-half of the fund's resource
and to date contributions for the fund
have come from some 60 countries.
Gen. Williarn H. Draper, Jr., whom
many of you may know, is the U.S. Rep-
resentative on the U.N. Population Com-
mission, and has been extremely active
in soliciting contributions from other
governments for the U.N. Fund for Popu-
lation Activities. He is very much con-
cerned that unless the U.S. Government
increases its contribution somewhat in
1975, it will te eetnetat to persuade other
governments to substantially increase
their contrite Ail) es.
With world population growth still
averaging 2 percent each year, or ap-
proximately 75 million new mouths to
be fed ever' year, there is surely no
program more ceitical and more deserv-
ing of suppor t tt an this. I would empha-
size that this amendment does not add
to the total sun i authorized but rather
requires that out of whatever sum may
be eventual' y appropriated for foreign
assistance actlyities for fiscal year 1975,
S150 million wit' be available for family
planning alai population programs.
There is already substantial evidence,
as indicated in eeme of the graphs and
statistics of recent reports, that family
planning prtgmms do have a consider-
able impact in reducing fertility rates.
Although many factors are involved in
the shift from larger to smaller families,
there can be no ioubt that the availabil-
ity of family ramming information, serv-
ices, and sgmlnes is a major factor in
accelerating the ;e declines. Without con-
tinuing assistanee many of the national
family plannine programs in develop-
ing countries may be literally forced by
the pressures of. famine to cut back tem-
porarily on family planning programs
even though tt ey recognize that over
the long run fcrtility must be reduced
or economic end social development can-
not continue. Continued support from
U.S. AID is essential in many countries,
even where the Government is fully com-
mitted to famils planning to insure that
programs continue at an effective lev
We were all told of this necessity in th
foreign aid field back in 1967. When I wa
on the Foreign Affairs Committee of the'
House, I wan author of the first amend-
meat in the committee for the earmark:
ing of those EUIL4S for that purpose. I can
report to tt e a enate at this time tha
these earmerki igs increased from $3
million to $50 million to $75 million t
$100 million and to $125 million today.
We know than expenditures under the
AID program ave continued to follow
the same patter n. During the past yea pi
there have been $125 million of auth
izations. As reeorted on page 10 of he
committee r epoet, the amount is $25/mil-
lion.
I think tt e fent that we are bu ping
against the ceiling at the present time
would indic ate that it is desirablk to
specifically earmark funds for this t e
of program for fiscal year 1975 so th t
there can be planning for the earmark-
ing that has occ urred and that will occur
in the future as it has in the past.
Mr. Presilene it is on this basis and
for this reason that I have offered the
amendment. I note from the very gen-
erous remar ks i)f the Senator from Min-
nesota that he would be delighted to
have his name added as a cosponsor of
the amendn Lent.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I
would be harmed to have my name
added as a cost) msor.
Mr. TAFT.14r. President, I ask unani-
mous consent that the name of the Sena-
tor from M .nnesota Mr. HUMPHREY) be
51 - I/
00170001-1
October 1, 1973
listed as a cosponsor of my amendment.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it ns so ordered.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, the
amendment, as the distinguished Sena-
tor from Ohio has mentioned, is a very
necessary and desirable addition. It is a
modest addiaon to the bill. However, it
goes to meet the problems we face on
this issue; namely, population.
lithe distinguished Senator from Ver-
mont has no objection, I would suggest
that the amendment be agreed to.
Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, I have no
objection to the amendment of the Sen-
ator from Ohio.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
Enures) . Do the Senators yield back
their time?
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I
yield back my time.
Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, I yield back
my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
question is m agreeing to the amend-
ment of the Senator from Ohio (putting
the question).
The amendment was agreed to.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator from South Dakota is recognized.
Mr. ABOUREZK. Mr. President, there
Is a printing error in my amendment,
No. 560. Two numbers were assigned to
the amendment. The amendment was
printed identically as amendment No.
560 and 562. At thci time I call up that
amendment, I will be referring only to
amendment No. 560.
Mr. President, I call up my amend-
ment, No. 46a.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
amendment will be stated.
nalarajggislative clerk proceeded to state
the amendment.
Mr. ABOUREZK. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that further read-
ing of the amendment be dispensed
with.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
The amerainagninis asefollonas:
On pa 20, line 23, insert the follaring4,..
"S . 24. Part III of the Foreign A.ssistance.?
.11,q is amended by adding at the end there-
of the following new section:
" 'SEC. 659. LIMITATIONS 0:5 AUTHORIZED
FUNDS.?None of the funds made available
to carry out this or any other Act, and none
of the local currencies accriling under this
or any Act, sail be used to_provide training
or advice, or provide any financial support,
for police, prisons, or other internal security
forces of any foreign government or any pro-
gram of 'lite 'nal intelligence or surseillance
on behalf of any foreign government.'."
On page 9, at the end of line 7, add quota-
tion marks aid delete line 8 through line
Mr. ABOUREZK. Mr. Presidepetask
fortI.yas and nays onexeraffiendrnent.
Mr. H PPIRETIVIr. President, I ask
that the Senator defer on that until more
Senators are present
Mr. ABOUREZK. Mr. President, I
withdraw my request for the yeas and
nays.
The PRESIDING OeviCER. The Sen-
ator from South Dakota is recognized.
Mr. ABOUREZK. Mr. President, this
amendment; is intended to provide a
prohibition of U.S. financial aid or equip-
ment, either directly or indirectly, to any
foreign government for use in that gov-
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ernment's internal security forces, pri-
sons, or programs of domestic surveil-
lance.
In addition to the $7.5 million which
Is scheduled for the Office of Public
Safety in 1974, well over an additional
. $22 million will be spent on police and
prison programs in Vietnam, Laos, and
Cambodia. In Vietnam alone, where we
have spent over $130,000,000 on their
police since 1955, the United States is
scheduled to spend another $19.5 mil-
The present bill, under section 115,
would only prohibit U.S. financial sup-
port of programs conducted for police
training. Unfortunately, this is only a
small part of our involvement in support
olice and prisons in other countries.
'This a -prohrtIlLs American
equipment from being sent to foreign
national police forces; it stops the mock-
ery of food for peace whereby 80 percent
of Public Law 480 funds are used for
national security; and finally, it removes
the redundancy which already exists be-
tween our OPS and the prestigious in-
ternational police organizations which
have existed long before OPS was ever
conceived.
Few programs have distorted the spirit
of our foreign assistance more than for-
eign police and prison support. For exam-
ple, from 1965 to 1972, AID supplied
$2.9 million worth Of fragmentation
grenades to the national police forces of
three countries; in 1971 the U.S. Navy
paid an American firm $400,000 to con-
struct and deliver new isolation cells?
called tiger cages?to Con Son Island in
South Vietnam. One would be hard
pressed to find the American humani-
tarian spirit in furnishing grenades and
Isolation cells. This amendment removes
the distortion of U.S, foreign assistance.
The history of our involvement in the
internal police affairs of other coun-
tries goes back as far as World War II
and the Korean war. In Vietnam, for
example, the United States has been pro-
viding aid in the form of weapons, sup-
plies, training, and advisory support to
the national police since 1954. Under the
public safety program of the 'U.S.
Agency for International Development,
the Vietnamese police force was con-
verted from a modest civil agency of
19,000 men in 1963 to a mammoth para-
military organization of 120,600 men in
1973. Acknowledged U.S. pending on
this effort amounted to $169 million be-
e 1967 and 19'16. Tneseurn"
pay , or oca cur-
renc es made arallittre VIrough the com-
modity import program and other U.S.
accounts. These funds were used to pro-
vide small arms, vehicles, and helicop-
ters and other equipment to the Viet-
namese police and to finance the team
of over 200 U.S. public safety advisors
which assisted the National Police Com-
mand in Saigon. Under the terms of the
4anuAry 1973, peace settlement the
United States has been obliged to remove
Its public safety Mission from South
Vietnam; yet, despite our obligation to
refrain from involvement In Vietnam's
internal political affairs, the United
States will continue providing aid and
advisory support to the GVN apparatus
to the tune of $20 million in 1974. ?
South Vietnam's national police force
is only one 'Of over 70 countries, however,
that has been the direct beneficiary of
our advice and assistance through our
present foreign assistance programs, par-
ticularly the OPS.
In 1970, for example, the Guatemalan
? national police force received, among
other material, 250 riot shields, 10 gas
guns, 3,000 tear gas grenades, 245 tear
gas projectiles, 250 gas masks, 55 shot-
guns, and 40,000 shotgun shields.
From 1965 to 1972, the United States
supplied the national police forces of
Vietnam, Korea, and Thailand with
nearly $3 million worth of fragmenta-
tion grenades, machineguns, rocket mor-
'tars, and antipersonnel mines.
Since 1959, we have supplied the Bra-
zilian police force alone with over 500
riot batons, 120 gas masks, 20,000 gren-
ades of all sorts, and over 800,000 rounds
of ammuition.
Under the food-for-peace program for
1974 which my friend and colleague from
Minnesota originated and worked so
hard for in earlier years, over $300,000
was originally directed to the Vietnamese
political warfare college, over $900,000
was originally scheduled for police train-
ing centers in 1974, and over $525,000,
was to go to rebuilding police materials
including batteries and their containers.
Similar aid has gone to almost every
one of over 75 countries which asked for
and received aid to their national police
forces.
Evidence is mounting that representa-
tives of U.S. agencies are even involved
in torture with some of the national
police forces in many underdeveloped
Countries. A letter which I recently re-
ceived from a constituent in my own
State of South Dakota reaffirmed much
of this evidence. He writes:
1Vly wife and I spent the summer in eastern
Bolivia. Stories of torture and execution un-
der the Banzer dictatorship circulate freely.
Their stories of torture are almost unbeliev-
able in what was only a few short years ago
the land of absolute freedom of expression,
the Switzerland of South America. At least
one of the torturers told one of our friends
that he learned his techniques in a special
American school in the Canal Zone. An
American missionary friend who was tor-
tured for four days before his release, in-
Sists that at least one American was involved
in the torture squad.
AID officials, of course, deny that they
teach methods of torture, but the signifi-
cance of our attitude toward methods
and effects of torture was best summed
Up by Byron Engle, a former Director of
the Office Of Public Safety. Citing the
successful application of their techniques
in the Dominican Republic in 1965, he
said:
Police action. . . . was so effective that the
insurgents did not even end up with the
body of a dead comrade to drag through
the city in false martydrom.
Justification for U.S. assistance to na-
tional police and prisons has always been
presented in the most benign terms. AID
officials tell us that the objective of U.S.
public safety porgrams have been to
"maintain public order; counter Commu-
S 18239
nist inspired subversion; and encourage
the efftctiveness of the civil police and
paramilitary forces in every participat-
ing country."
However, the evidence indicates that
many of AID's justifications have been
nothing more than hollow rhetoric de-
signed for Congress. I cannot see how the
continuation of our police training and
police related assistance programs can
possibly have much humanitarian bene-
fit for the people in these oppressed
countries. Within the context of internal
politics, I can see no other purpose in
such programs than to help consolidate
the power of dictators and squash their
opposition.
David Bell, a former AID Administra-
tor summed this up better than I could.
He said:
Public safety assistance and recipient po-
lice forces cannot prevent coups or guarantee
that Communism will not seriously disrupt
orderly development. However, the public
safety assisted police forces have done and
can do much to prevent conspiracy and the
development of disruptive situations, and to
insure an environment of law and order
which supports the orderly social, economic
and political development of emerging
nations.
It should not be surprising, therefore,
that the small privileged classes in most
of the developing nations rely more and
more on their national police forces to
preserve the old order; nor is it surprising
that such governments are incapable of
developing viable democratic institu-
tions. When we provide economic support
and police training and assistance for
these regimes, we are contributing to the
maintenance of these archaic structures
at the price of tremendous repression.
A second point which I would like to
malie may best be illustrated by a corn-
inent recently made by the wife of a cabi-
net minister in one of the more conserva-
tive governments in Latin America. She
was quoted as saying:
I don't know to what extent the United
States was really involved in the overthroW
of the Allende government in Chile; what I
do know is that all of us are going to believe
that your country did have a part in it.
In the minds of many countries around
the world, the foreign policy of the
United States has increasingly come to
mean police power, military aid, military
alliances, and support for repressive and
authoritarian governments as a means of
creating our own definition of world
stability.
There is no question that social peace
and true international peace can only be
built upon the basis of justice and
good will. All of the grenades, all of the
tiger cages, all of the sophisticated police
equipment that we continue to export
to countries which are supposedly
plagued with so-called chronic instabil-
ity?all of this will never produce true
peace.
Peace is the result of full participation
of all peoples in the society in which they
live. Peace is the result of justice and
dignity. Peace is the result of rule by ra-
tional law. We cannot maintain peace in
any country, or help build it, by con-
tinuing our incessant fetish for training,
equipping, and financially suzporting the
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE October 1, /974
national police forces of countries in
South Anierica, in countries of Africa,
and in the countries of Asia. We will
never help build sound constituti(mal
government abroad by supporting those
who break the law, and those who con-
fuse the supposed efficiency of totalitar-
ianism with progress. The time has came
for us to take stock of our foreign policy,
and to recognize how far and how dan-
gerously we have allowed our foreign ?Lid
program to stray from the ideals for
which the country stands. The policies
of AID and OPS in regard to our 'spies,
doctrines, and practices in countries
abroad have struck an eerie resemblance
to practices adveeated by some here at
home as an answer to present or future
domestic difficulties. AID spokesmen
have in fact made a determined effort
to advise other Government officiate' of
the domestic application of techniques
developed ley OPS for use abroad.
Mr. President, earlier this year a Bra-
zilian citizen came to my office. In the
short time that he was there, he left
an indelible impression on my mind of
the torture, oppression, and death that
lingers in many countries today. In Bra-
zil, he told me, there is no means with
which to speak out. There is no way in
which these oppressed peoples can ex-
press their concern and anxiety for their
own safety and the future of their coun-
try. Their only hope, lie said, is to see
that someone outside Must show that
they care--for their greatest fear is of
being forgotten. He pleaded with me as
one Senator, to speak out, to act in any
way that I can to show these people that
most of us here in the United States d
care enough to want to help, That is
what this amendment is all about. I urge
my colleagues to join me in support of
this amendment in demonstrating that
It is not our intention to make represeive
regimes even more repressive. Rather, it
Is to avast those who are in dire need
of some true humanitarian assistance.
Mr. President, I reserve the remainder
of my time.
Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield for a question?
Mr. ABOUREZK. I Yield.
I,
that
Is
AIKEN. I am just wondering what
the Senator's amendment would do at
is not already previded for in section
115, page 9 of the *nate jaill.
Mr. section in the
bill onl
e esee
co eague rom termont that there is a
consideeable amount of financial aid that
goes tolnOviding material support and
even advisory support in the countries
where the money Is gang. There Is an
additional $18.5 million that this amend-
ment wituld cut out that is being used for
those pfeeposes.
Mr. AIKEN. The Senator's amendment
would not prevent training of people from
other countries if trained in this coun-
try?
Mr. ABOUREZK. Yes, it would include
that.
Mr. AIKEN. It would include 9,11 of
them?
Mr. ABourtgzz. It would prevent, let
Me say It this way?
Mr. AIKEN. The Senator mentioned
Brazil as on co intry where we have been
doing a lot of training. It would apply
to all others too?
Mr. ABC MT EZK [continuing ] . It
would apply to any countries to which
our foreign aid money is sent.
Mr. AIKEN'. I am thinking particularly
of countries lii e Lebanon and Jordan.
Would it apply to them?
Mr. ABGeREZK. It would apply to
them, yes.
Mr. AIKEN. To all countries?
Mr. ABOUREZK. If they are receiving
money. If they are receiving money for
training of police, it would cut off money
for them as wet.
Mr. AIKEN. What is the difference?
Could it still t e done under the guise
of military tnaning? Police training?
Where doe; (me begin and the other
leave off?
Mr. ABOUREZIe. If it is done under
the guise cf relitary training, if this
amendment succeeds and is enacted into
law, I wontd suggest that we try to do
something about that as well.
What I ant saying to my colleague from
Vermont is ;hat I do not believe we have
any businese in providing money for po-
lice forces es* draining police forces in
other countries where most of that money
is used to s em .ess their own people.
IMr. AIKEN. ? : ob ec In so
lop,9
Mr. A . you can call it
preservatice of law and order. I would
say it is for suppressing their own peo-
ple, rather Aran law and order. It is for
violating the law, in most cases.
Mr. AIKEN. I was thinking of one
country in par scalar; it happens to be
an Asian country?.
Mr. ABQUREZK. I am, sorry; I did
not hear the senator,
Mr. ArECEN. I was thinking of an
Asian coun aw, which I shall not name
here, where the Police were being trained
to do other se at besides law enforce-
ment, Would it affect that, too?
Mr. ABOURIMK. As the amendment
states, it would affect the meney pro-
vided by ties AID program for the office
of public safety, for police and advisory
support and ler the furnishing of ma-
teriel to any foreign police department.
Mr. AIKEN. But in this particular
country I tlink police were being trained
in community work, such as the work
done by our extension service here. Our
people are tra ning the police of that
country to do something besides enforce
the law and p it people in jail, and so
forth. I was jie t wondering, would it af-
fect that, too?
Mr. AleGUR EZK. Will the Senator
tell me?
Mr. AIK:11N. If the members of the
police force in that other country hap-
pened to be cmcerned with extension
service-type activity for instance?
Mr. ABOUR EZK. If the police were
doing that, I would suggest they ask for
their monee under a different designa-
tion, rather than under this particular
amendment.
Mr. AIKEN. Not having all answers
myself. that is, was why I am asking the
Senator from South Dakota for some
enlightenment. That is all 1 have to say
now.
Mr. Al3OUREZK. Mr. President, there
is a technical error in the amendment
that I should. like to correct at this point.
The PraS/DXNG OFFICER (Mr.
WILLIAM L. Score). The Senator has that
right.
Mr. ABOUREZK. On the first page of
the amendment, on line 1, it says, "On
page Vie line 23, insert the following."
That should read, "On page 31, line 14."
Then there should be a newly numbered
section. This is just a correction of the
page numbering and the line numbering.
I would ?free that as a modification of
the amendment.
The PRESMING OFFICER. The
amendment will be so modified.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I
yield myself 5 Minutes on the amend-
ment.
I am not sure that I shall oppose it.
,On the cOntraey, I think ,we can perhaps
work out the matter here in order to
support it; but / wanted to take this
moment to Caution my good friend from
South Dakota that all of the moneys
that have gone into police training have
not been inj1.0.0116 to the citizenry of
many of these countries. Every country
must have a government, and govern-
ments always have opposition. Some gov-
ernments---
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. WIL-
LI/use L. Score). If the Senator wOuld re-
spond to an inquiry from the Chair. Is
the Senator opposed to this amendment?
The Chair is thinking of the allocation
of time.
Mr. HUMPHREY. I an in charge of
the time. The amendment is offered?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Let the
Chair state that the Senator is M charge
of the time, but if he is opposed to the
amendment?it is the understanding of
the Chair that the Senator from Min-
nesota is not opposed--
Mr. HUMPHREY. I am in charge of
the bill. This is an amendment to the
bill.
Mr. ABOUREZK. Mr. President, will
the Senator from Minnesota yield. I
would be happy to yield him 5 minutes?
Mr. IITJAIPHREY. I want to clarify
this point.
The PRESIDING OrtsICER. The
Chair desires to clarify also with the
Senator from Minnesota whether the
Chair's understanding is correct that if
the Senator from Minnesota is opposed
to the amendment, then he is entitled
to share the time with the proponents
of the amendment. On the other hand,
if the Senator from Minnesota is in
laver, then the time is allocated to the
minority member or his designee. So I
would ask ehe Senates' if he is in favor
of the amendment or whether he is op-
posed to it.
Mr. HUMPHREY. I do not feel obli-
gated to tell the Presiding Officer that
at all. With all due reepect to the Presid-
ing Officer, I have the responsibility for
this bill, being its floor manager, and I
will take my time on that amendment.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator from Minnesota may proceed.
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Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I will
come around to deciding whether I am
for or aaginst the amendment after we
have had some discussion on it.
The first thing I want to say to the
Senator from South Dakota is that while
much of what he says today surely has
geniune meaning in light of what has
developed over the years, it is important
for the RECORD that we not put down
what I call the Public safety programs as
having been antipeople, antidemocratic,
as having been an expression of Ameri-
can force and villainy. On the contrary,
many of the programs have served very
well over the years -and have served the
public. We train our own police in this
country. I was the mayor of a large city
once and I spent a good deal of time get-
ting the police trained, not with foreign
assistance money? of course. But I-hap-
pen to be one of those people who believe
that we need a police department. Just
because someone comes up and says,
"The police have messed me up" does
not mean that he is right.
When I ran the police department of a
large city, many peOple thought they
should not have been arrested when I
thought our biggest mistake might have
been that we did not arrest enough peo-
ple. So I believe in training the police to
be responsible individuals.
In this instance that we are talking
about, foreign assistance to countries
and whether American funds should be
provided by this Government for those
countries for police training there, it is
a fact that over the years we have done
a good deal of good work, because of the
situation which developed in some of
those countries.
The Committee on Foreign Relations
has taken a view, in opposition to police
training itynkci -Antarigan
do r sec ion 115 Zreforeys
present bill, it says,
SEC. 3.13. PROMBITING POLICE TRAINING.?
No part of any appropriation made available
to Carry out this or any other provision of
aw Shall .be used to conduct any police train-
or related program for a foreign countimo
Atari(' that this same language
is in the military assistance bill. So we
have tried to cover it in two places.
What the Senator from South Dakota
Is seeking to do is to expand on that lan-
guage and be more precise, as I see it.
I would also note to the Senator that
we should? know what .the amendment
will do. Every country that has police
training funds does not have a govern-
ment that is antidemocratic. For exam-
ple, I would note that a country such as
Venezuela, has a Christian-Democratic
President at the present time, free and
open elections, a free press, and has re-
ceived funds under the public safety
Program.
Another country, Jamaica, has open
and free elections, an elected parlianien-
tary system of government, a free press,
freedom of religion, freedom of speech,
and they have received police training
funds.
El Salvador is surely a very democratic
country. Of all the little South Ameri-
can countries there is none more demo-
cratic than El Salvador.
Costa Rica takes great pride in its
democracy.
These are some of the countries?there
are many others?which have received
these funds. Some countries have used
them to good purpose. What I am sure
my colleague from South Dakota is most
concerned about is the publicity and the
reports that we have received from Indo-
china about the abuse of police power
there.
I would remind the Senator from
South Dakota that they have been at war
over there for a long, long time. No mat-
ter which government is in power, there
is always a police department. The police
training which has taken place is a con-
siderable part of the total national secu-
rity and national defense.
But when I look at this amendment, as
I read it, it says, in part?
None of the funds made available to carry out
this or any other Act, and none of the local
currencies accruing under this or any Act
Shall be used to provide training or
advice, . . .
That is already covered in the present
bill.
Then it says?
. . . or provide any financial support, for
police, prisons, or other internal security
forces of any foreign government or any pro-
gram of internal intelligence or surveillance
on behalf of any foreign -government.
That is a very broad sweep of limita-
tion. I do not think that Congress par-
ticularly wants to see this Government
engaged in police activity in other coun-
tries. In my judgment, just as we have
a training program here in Washington,
D.C., for our allies in the military?for
example, most of our allies are brought
over to Fort Bragg or Fort Leavenworth
and other places for advanced training
in military tactics and we have never
tried to do away with that. As a matter
of fact, it is looked on as somewhat of
an asset.
In this instance, as I understand it,
tlis amendment would prohibit the
tr ning of police in the United States.
I would prohibit the use of funds to
rain police in any other part of the
world. It would also prohibit the use of
funds for the financial support of police
or for any type of equipment for the
police. I think it is a broad-ranging
amendment. But I find myself in sym-
pathy with its objectives. I really do not
know what its total impact would be.
For example, when?
Mr. ABOUREZK. Mr. President, will
the Senator from Minnesota yield?
Mr. HUMPHREY. Yes?but I remem-
ber being in Korea some years ago, when
over 2,000 North Koreans moved down
into the capital of Seoul and got within
a few hundred yards of what they.. call
the Blue House, which is similar to our
White House. It was the Korean police
who intercepted them.
We put a lot of blood, sweat, and tears
into South Korea over the years. Those
police were trained by the help of the
American public safety program. There
is no doubt that the Korean police have
been used on some native South Koreans.
There is no doubt about that.
Just exactly as some American police
are used on some native Americans. It is
rather difficult to know which ones are
being set upon or which ones are violat-
ors of the law.
S 18241
I yield to the Senator from South
Dakota.
Mr. AJ3OUREZK. I realize there are
some countries that will be aimed at in
the amendment which do not deserve it.
I am sorry about that, and lam willing to
concede the point. But if the Agency for
International Development were to per-
form its moral duty and call on coun-
tries to provide police and train them
there would be no need for this amend-
ment. But they will not do that.
As a matter of fact, they are lobbying
in the Senate. There was lobbying last
week against two amendments that I am
offering. There is vigorous lobbying by
the AID people going on. As a matter of
fact, one contacted a representative of
my staff. But there are others interested
in making it discretionary. I do not know
whether we are capable of making the
decision.
Mr. HUMPHREY. I ask unanimous
consent to have printed in the RECORD
a list of the countries listed on page 18
of the committee report. I think that will
give us the detailed information we need
as to the countries involved.
There being no objection, the list was
ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as
follows:
PUBLIC SAFETY PROGRAM FUNDING
(In thousands of dollars)
Fiscal year-
1973
1972 esti- 1974
actual mated request
Supporting assistance funding 14,077 10, 884 4,215
Vietnam 8,948 6, 762
Thailand 4, 773 3, 660 3, 755
Laos 356 462 460
Nigeria I (3, 400)
Technical assistance funding:
Asia 1,003 530 100
Korea
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Latin America
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Costa Rica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Guyana
Honduras
Jamaica
Nicargua
Panama
Uruguay
Venezuela
2 (177)
5
958 530 .100
CO (8) (8)
3, 023 2,566 2, 162
201
137
347
150
282
192
65
456
71
182
94
107
214
252
269
211 112
355 375
123 ? 100
50
216 190
57 53
490 289
125
85
210
189
210
245
146
90
200
180
200
227
Africa 1,298 1,257 985
Africa regional training____ 206 210 200
Ghana 131 195 100
Liberia 178 187
Tunisai 131
Zaire 652 665 685
AIDA, projects 85
Grand total 19, 516 15, 237 7,462
(3,417)
'Supporting assistance loan.
Charges to mission's administrative cost.
Self-funded.
'Project under review for possible increase in funding.
Source: AID.
Mr. HUMPHREY. I think this is per-
haps a development that is overdue. We
are trimming the program back substan-
tially. I prefer to say that this is what we
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --SENATE October 1,
use for developmental purposes. In my
judgment, these countries are better able
to provide their own training and hire
their own technicians. They need to im-
prove their tree ing facilities. I shotild
like to see our country out of the training
business, particularly in countries where
there are police officers who treat per-
sons promiscuously with brutality and
cruelty and whose civil liberties ad
rights are being violated.
I understand the Senator from South
Dakota would He a rollcall vote on this
amendment. I shall vote for his amend-
ment.
Mr. .AIKEN. Mr. President, I am just a
little uncertain as to the overall picture.
The House has a different provision en-
tirely. I may be willing to have the
amendment taken to conference. If we
had a rollcall vote, there might be a flaw
in the amendment which would require
me to vote against it. / understand what
the Senator from South Dakota Is trying
to do. Ile Ts working for a good purpose.
.. : Si:,,
s precisely the
like a rollcall vote.
fraid
of what may happen in con-
01.0?MMIN?11.
r. AIKEN. It will be in conference
just the same.
Mr.
fe will know-how SenahNtancis,
eateleasteeihe con:
e way or the other.
Mr. HUMPHREY. If I were named as a
conferee?and I would expect to be--
whether it is a rollcall vote or a voice
vote, my responsibility in the conference
would be to follow through on the Sen- Mr. 1-1U1VITHP EY. Mr. President, will
position. We will do it one way
or"the Senator 'del (1.?
the other.
Mr. ABOU:RMIK. I yield.
has Mr. HUMPHREY. The Senator has not
---Mie-ABIENe-iteenterribe'r?ol times it
been necessary to call upon American yielded back his time yet; has he?
trained police to go to our Embassies and Mr. ABOTTRE2 K. No.
to other areas. I am sure that the Sen-
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, we
ator means all right, but I think his pro- have a vote at 2:30. That is what is caus-
posal would not woile unless it were ing us difficulty, I wonder if we might
amended, somewhat. agree on holding this vote over until after
Mr. ABOURF7K. I am not asking that the Vote On the treaties because then we
police departments be shut down. I am will have more E'enators present.
saying there are so many abuses that Mr. ABOUR,MK. I shall defer the re-
are perpetrated with American foreien quest for the yea and nays until we have
aid that we ought to shut down our aid. more Senators it the Chamber. I am pre-
pared to yield back my time on amend-
Mr. AIKEN. There is no question about
merit No. 462.
that. -
Mr. ABOUREZK. I suggst the absence The PRESIDING OFFICER. If the
of a quorum. Chair may clarify the situation, the yeas
The PRESIDING OFFICER, The Sen-
and nays haee been ordered on the pend-
ator does not have sufficient time for a ing "1eer. anlendment
quorum call under the unanimous-con- - ? HTJMPHliEY. That is correct.
That is the uade !standing of the Senator
sent agreement. The Senator from Ver-
from Minnesota. The only question I pose
mont controls the time for the minority.
The Senator from Minnesota has
to the Senator from South Dakota is
hidi-
whether or not, :n light, of the scheduled
cated Ida support of the amendment.
Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, be
vote on the treaties at 2:30 p.m., he
will might agree to having the vote on his
glad to yield 5 minutes for a quorum call, amendment all -Ex the vote on the
if I have that much time. treaties.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk Mr. ABOUREMK. If we proceeded to
will call the roll, vote now it es oul :I not make much differ-
The legislative clerk proceeded to call ence. We hal e 10 minutes in which to do
the roll. something.
Mr. ABOuREZIK. Mx. President, I ask Mr. HUMPHREY. I might suggest that
unanimous consent that the order for we make the unenimous-consent request
the quorum call be rescinded, that immediatele following the vote on
The PRESEDIate OFFICER. Without
objection, it tso ordered.
Mr. AM:W. Mr. President, I yield my-
self 1 minute.
Mr. ABOUREM Mr. President, first,
I ask fox the :ren s and nays.
The yeas and says were ordered.
Mr. AIKEN. lgr. President, I should
like to explain a little further why I am
against the amondment. We are now
undertaking to cut down our own mili-
tary forces for our own people in our
Embassies all ov r the world. That means
that we have to depend more upon the
police of the co entries where the Em-
bassies are 13cated. If the Ambassador
talks it over whh tio IN,1114411,
coetert le PAIN . ?- ?
ate w him, . am a rat.. that might
tion and be nrp-
I do not
ow. am going- to be on the safe side
and vote against the amendment at this
time, although I give the Senator from
South Dakota fall credit for good in-
tentions.
Mr. ABOUltE2 K. I ask unanimous con-
sent that at thee time it be in order to
ask for the Yea.s..:1:nd nays on amendment
No. 560, which All come up after this
amendment is ye ted on.
The PRESIDINIG OFFICER. Is there
objection to the request that it be in or-
der to ask for tie yeas and nays? The
Chair hears norii%, and it is so ordered.
Mr. ABOUIEZIC. Mr. President, I now
ask for the et( as end nays.
The yeas and nays were not ordered.
Mr. ABOCRE.M. We have lost our
uorura. Th?.re are not 11 Senators
Present.
the treaties we vote on the AbOurezk
amendment.
Mr. ABOUREZK. That is fine. If the
Senator wishes we could make it a 10-
minute vote.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that immediately fol-
lowing the vete which already hail been
authorized on the treaties that welollow
immediately thereafter with a vote on
the Abourezk amendment.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, we
have a little hiatus hereieI am going to
suggest the absence of a quorum unless
someone wishes to speak, in preparation
for the vote on the treaties with the
tone not charged to either side.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent fhat the time not be charged to
either side.
I suggest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Chair will slate the time remaining on
both sides of the amendment will be
vitiated by having the vote immeCtiately
after the vote on the treaties.
Mr. HUMPHREY. That was the
understanding.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. So the
only time available to speak for or
against the amendment is between now
and 2:30.
Mr. HUMPHREY. I understood that
the Senator from South Dakota had
completed his argument and I under-
stood that the Senator from Vermont
had completed his argument. -
The PRESIDING OFFICER, Time has
not been Yielded back.
Mr. ABOUREZ,K. Mr. President, if I
may be recognized, I suggest to the Sen?
ator from Minnesota that we yield back
our time now to take care of the situa-
tion. I am prepared to yield back my
time.
Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, I am pre-
pared to yield back all of my time except
to reiterate what I said before, that I
cannot agree to any proposal which
would prevent an American ambassador
in a foreign country from. furnishing
equipment or even advice to the local
police of that country whose forces are
trying to protect our U.S. Embassy.
Now, I yield back my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Chair understands all time has now been
yielded back.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I
again ask unanimous consent that fol-
lowing the votes on the treaties we pro-
ceed to vote immediately on the Abourezk
amendment.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection? The Chair hears none, and
it is so ordered.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that I may suggest
the absence of a quorum witholit the
time being charged to either side.
The ?RESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I
suggest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk
will call the roll.
l'OTE0 Oo tild
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October 1, S 1826i
There have been many instances of
Inhumane treatment around the world
as to which we have not taken action.
I do not think it was necessary, or even
responsible, that very time there is an
attack of inhuma ity created or per-
petrated on a help ss people, whether
in Greece or Brazil, anywhere else, it
was incumbent upo us to submit a
resolution. We have ready expressed
ourselves. There is not g it demands.
It does not demand an action on a
minority.
I think the Senator from procedural
point of view, has proceed in more
haste than the Austrian Gove merit did
in making this regulation. I do ot know
why the resolution should not e con-
sidered by the Committee on reign
? Relations and the Secretary of ate.
After all, the Secretary of State bea a
responsibility for trying to find so e
Solution to the war in the Middle Eas
I think he would find it a wise thing to
do.
The Senator agrees that the resolution
is not germane to the bill, does he not?
Mr. MONDALE. No, I do not think it
is not germane to the bill.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. There is nothing in
the bill having to do Ivith this question
whatever.
Mr. MONDALE. I elieve it is very
germane to the purpos?f the bill and,
more than that, I think it is important
that we act irnmectiately.
The Austrian dovernm t, right now,
I assume, is in discussion a to whether
they Will continue the polich announced
yesterday resulting in perm ent clos-
ing of what may be the only hiportant
exit for Soviet Jews.
To remain silent and have Ion -term
hearings and delay this effort, 1 my
judgment, would be taken as an a ion
of silence on what is, in my opiin
something that has an outrageous
pact upon these people who wish to ga
their freedom.
For that reason I do not agree with the
distinguished Senator from Arkansas. I
think basic human instincts would cause
us to support this resolution.
Mr. President, I am glad to yield to the
Senator from Alabama who, I under-
stand, has a request to make.
? Mr. ALLEN. As I understand it, the
Senator's modification in section 23(a)
(1), he knocks out the words "succumb to
the demands of extreme Arab terrorists
and," and then knocks out the entire
section (2), which speaks of the decision
to yield to terrorist blackmail.
I notice that in section (b) (1) the same
thought carries forward in the words
"impress upon the Austrian Government
the grave concern of the American peo-
ple"?and here is the continuation of the
Objectionable language which, in effect,
constitutes a lecture on our part to the
Algtr,iguI .0-Government, "that capitula-
tion to tell'Orj4tS encourages further at-
tempts at blackmail."
If that were left out it would call upon
the President to determine steps to im-
press upon the Austrian Government the
grave concern of the American people
which, it seems to me, would cover the
situation?if that is what the Senator
wishes to convey to the Austrian Goveru-
merit; the concern of the American peo-
ple-Land would not carry over the same
objectionable language.
Mr. MONDALE. If the Senator will re-
turn the amendment, because it is the
only copy I have, I would be glad to re-
spond to his suggestion by modifying my
amendment to delete the following
phrase appearing in subSection (b) (1)
following the word "people": "that ca-
pitulation to terrorists encourages fur-
ther attempts at blackmail."
I do so n t because I think the lan-
guage speak inaccurately, and I do so
not because I ink this reaction to ter-
rorists is somet ng that should be un-
recognized; I do t at the suggestion of
the Senator from ? labama to make it
clear that we seek recognize that the
traditional policy of e Government of
Austria permitting th immigration of
Soviet Jews through A tria is a valid
and proper one; we hop \ they will re-
turn to it.
That is what the resolut in will say
*th this modification.
r. President, I so modify m \amend-
me . However, may I say, I d believe
th ased upon the evidence th far,
the se that is now being delet re-
fers ac tely and precisely to at
happ . This is well established pol y
of the Go nment of Austria and t
only re ey changed was that two'
arniecl me came aboard a train, cap- \
tured so acent Soviet emigrees,
and at g threatened their lives
and held t tage until the Gov-
errunent of ustria \changed its policy.
That is what h ppenedt
But in the ? erest of trying to make
the main point; amely, that our Gov-
ernment make Cl-our strong concern
that it reverse th decision and again
permit group travel ? Soviet Nion emi-
grants, I accept that odification and
I make it now. \.
Mr. ALLEN. I thank the Senator:\
The PRESIDING OIICER. Tl
endment will be so modffied.
r. FULBRIGHT. I cang tulate the
Se tor from Alabama. I certahily think
he de a very great contribu en.
I bder if the Senator from inne-
sota w d consider providing tha sub-
section of section (b) might ?iad
sOmethingqike this:
Urges the Austrian Government to con.
tinue its pblitz to continue travel by emi- ?
grants.
It would put language in the af-
firmative.
Mr. MONDALE. have no objection to
that as long as it is, clear we want the
policy continued of group emigration.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. "Y.Trges the Austrian
Government to continge its policy of
group travel by Soviet emigrants." That
would make it more in accord.
Mr. MONDALE. How about "resume
and continue," would the Senator object?
Mr. FULBRIGHT. No, but I prefer the
affirmative approach.
The PRESIDING OneiCER. Will the
Senator send the modification to the
desk?
Mr. MONDALE. Subsection (2) : "Call
upon the Austrian Government to re-
sume and continue"?
Mr. FULBRIGHT. No. "Urges the
Austrian Government to resume and con-
tinue its decision and again permit group
travel by Soviet Union emigrants." It
urges them instead of calling upon them.
This demand on our part and the im-
plication bring on all sorts of possibili-
ties, such as cutting off credit, removing
the most favored nation clause?such
as we used on the Chilean Government.
They could use economic and other pres-
sures.
Mr. MONDALE. I see no difference be-
tween "call upon" and "urges." I have
no objection to changing that. It will
read:
Urges the Austrian Government to revive
and continue its decision and again permit
group travel by Soviet Union emigrants
through Austria on their way to freedom
and new lives.
. Mr. President, I so modify the resolu-
tion.
The PRESIDING OrriCER. Does the
Senator have the modification written?
Mr. MONDALE. Yes, what is left of it.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time
of the Senator from Minnesota has ex-
pired.
The amendment is so modified.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, will
the Senator from Vermont yield to me
for 2 minutes? I do not wish to delay the
matter any more.
Mr. AIKEN. If I have 2 minutes, I
yield to the Senator from Arkansas.
\ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator from Vermont has 12 minutes re-
maining.
M. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I, of
cours think this is greatly improved,
and it \has removed the most offensive
language. I do not think it will do any
great harni.
I wish only to state my position. I am
opposed to this kind of off-the-cuff \ac-
tion by the S ate. People abroad do not
understand th Senate and they take
this action mor seriously than the Sen-
ate. We cannot c trol the way the mat-
ter is reported in .,,,the press. They say
"took action condeNning the Austrian
Goyernment," and r,think to do this
without taking committee action and
without the Secretary of 'State is not the
wisest course.
When these matters are submitted to
the comnlittee we always ask the opinion
of the executive branch and the Secre-
tary of State, and it is reported to the
'Senate. In addition, it is clearly not ger-
mane to the bill. There is nothing in the
bill\ that has to do with refugees or Aus-
tria.,,Austria is one of the few countries
no longer on our handout list. So it has
nothing to do with the main subject of
the bill. .4t would not be germane except
it involves a matter in which Israel is in-
terested ad, therefore, there is no-point
of putting 4 to a vote in the Senate. It
would be ruled germane if it went to a
vote. I do not avor the resolution but I
will not make point of order.
Mr. MONDAL . Mr. President, will the
Senator yield to ?e for 2 minutes?
Mr. AIKEN. I yl d.
Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, in my
opinion what happened over the week-
end was an outrage to humanity. Decent
human beings, under a settled policy,
were traveling through the only access
_
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route they had from a state which has
notoriously oppressed them, a state
which has had a sad history of antisemie
tisan, a state which has reduced the ele-
mentary human right of emigration, and
they did SO under the gun?not, of rea-
son, but under the gun?of two extreme
terrorists who held innocent people hos-
tages and, under the threat of death,
insisted that the Government of Austria
change its humane policies which per-
mitted these Soviet emigrees to leave the
Soviet Union.
This resolution simply says that it is
the sense of the Senate that we would
hope the Government of Austria would
not bend to such terroristic attacks and
would revive and resume the humane
policy of permitting Soviet ernigreee to
pass through Austria, to use the facilities
of Schonan Castle, and to permit group
travel.
That, it seems to me, is the very min-
imum humane statement for the Senate
to make.
One of the chief objections I have had
to current foreign policy is that we re-
main silent too much--
The PReetaDING OteelICER. The time
o; the Senator has expired.
Mr. MONDALE. May I have 1 minute?
Mr. AIEEN. I yield 1 minute.
Mr. MONDALE, And too often in the
face of offenses against humanity
As I understand it, our Government
has yet to say a word about the treat-
ment of Chilean dissidents. I was told by
One of my colleagues that it took 3 clays
even to send a condolence note to Preale
dent Allende's widow.
This Government has remained sifent
in the face of statements by Solzhen ,zyn
and Salcharov on Soviet Union pol cies,
except for- Mr. Weinberger, who ;on-
denaned our own National Act derrty of
Sciences and spoke in behalf of th op-
pressors of humanity.
Here again we have a chance to staid
up for human beings and say we reset
a decisiOn by a government which
against humane treatment.
Mr. AleMN. Mr. President, I yield my-
self 1 minute.
I want to say that, as introduced, I
could not have possibly supported the
amendment of the Senator from Min-
nesota, but the modification which he
has made to the amendment puts the
United States more in the position of a
peacemaker.
Incidentally, f noticed in the news
media today that Austria has suggested
that if we feel so keenly, the United
States can send planes to Russia to take
the Jewish refugees out. It seems to me
they are undertaking to tell US, what to
do and, you know, Mr. President, it does
not go over so well when ,one country
tells another what to do.
Under the circumstances, I see no harm
in the amendment offered by the Sena-
tor from Minnesota.
Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield me 2 minutes?
Mr. AIKEN. If I have it.
Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, I support
the amendment, In the form of a sense
of the Senate finding, by the distin-
guished Senator from Minnesota, and
other Senators, expressing the concern
EY8S M3i#17?-4VP.W.P? u5e716gvnrciTtober 1, .1973
OJF- *Jai Cokt
of the U.S. Senate and, through the Sen-
ate, the cone( rn ief the people of America
at the plight of hundreds of thousands of
Soviet Jews whc, under the policy just
announced by the Austrian Government,
would not le permitted to travel in
groups to Au ;tri as they emigrate from
Russia and eo o Israel or any other
nation.
I support the concept of urging that
the Austrian 0 wernment continue to
permit group t -avel by Soviet Union
emigres through Austria on their way to
freedom. I b lie e that the resolution as
now worded leserves the support of the
Senate.
Mr. MONIAL -T.. Mr. President, I yield
back my time.
Mr. AMEN. Mr. President, I yield back
whatever tin e I have remaining on this
side.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time
on the amen clawrit having been yielded
back, the question is on agreeing to the
amendment of the Senator from Minne-
sota, as modi led
The amendment, as modified, was
agreed to.
The PRES:DE OFFICER. Under the
previous order, the Senator from South
Dakota (Mr. Aeocreezit) is recognized.
Mr. ABOUREnK. Mr. President, this is
on my amee dm ent No. 560. It is being
ent to an
offered as a pert acting anie
earlier ameridinent; 4-62:-
Amendment No. 560 is as follows:
On page 29 atm ie out lines 4 throug
'and insert in lien thereof the folloWing:
SEC. 20. (a) No funds made available un-
der this or any other law shall be used to
provide economic or military assistance, or
to make sales credit sales, or guaranties, to
or for any foreign country during any period
in whieh the Pres dent determines that such
country pract .ces the internment or impris-
. onment of that country's citizens for politi-
cal purposes. tfp in making that determi-
nation, such ass..iitance, sales, credit sales,
and guaranties with respect to that country
shall be terminated immediately and a copy
of .such determination transmitted to the,
Speaker of the House of Representatives and'
.,the Committee on Foreign Relations of the
Ser
Between Zrnily 1 and July of each
year, President shall aublfilt a report
to the Speatr-of the House of Representa-
tives and the Conmittee on Foreign Rela-
tions of the 3eni,te certifying each foreign
country which he determines is not engaged
in practices of internment or imprisonment
of that country's citizens for political pur-
poses. No such ams 'stance, sale, credit sale, or
guaranty shal. be made?
(A) to or for any foreign country during
that thirty-de y p nod immediately following
the day on w iich such report is submitted;
and
(B) after tis erpiration of such thirty-day
period, to or for any foreign country with
respect to which such a certification is not
made.
(c) If the Pissic ent intends to provide dur-
ing a fiscal year such assistance, or make
such sale, ere= .411e, or guaranty, to or for
a foreign wintry for which he ' has made
no certificaticn icier subsection (b) of this
section with respect to that fiscal year, or for
which a certification was made but such as-
sistance, sales, cm edit sales, and guaranties
were terminated Ludes subsection (a) of this
section, he reay iiubmit a supplemental re-
port to the Spealsr of the House of Repre-
sentatives and toe Committee on Foreign
Relations of tie S mate certifying such coun-
try as satisfying the provisions of clauses
(1) and (2) of subsection (b) of this sec-
tion. No such assistance.. sale, credit sale, or
guaranty shall be made to or for any foreign
country with respect to which the President
has made such a certification during that
thirty-day period immediately following the
day on' which such supplemental report is
submitted.
(d) The provisions of this section shall not
apply with respect' to funds made available
under section 451 of the Foreign Assistance
Act of 1961.
Mr. MANSFIELD, Mr. President, will
the Senator yield?
Mr. ABOUREZK. I yield.
Mr. MANSFIELD. The hour is getting
a little late. We do have some business
to come before the Senate after this
amendment is disposed of. I believe the
yeas and nays are required. Would the
Senator consider a limitation of time
less than an hour?
Mr. ABOEREZK. I have a statement
of about 15 minutes, but if the majority
leader would agree, and my colleagues
would agree also, we could put this
amendment over until tomorrow morn-
ing. I can do it either way.
Mr. MANSFIELD. I think we ought
to go ahead, then.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, will
the Senator yield?
Mr. ABOUREZK. I yield.
Mr. HUMPHREY. I wonder if we could
have 30 minutes on a side?
Mr. ABOUREZK. Yes.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Would the Senator
be willing to take 20 minutes and we will
take 10 minutes in opposition?
Mr. ABOUREZK. I will agree to that.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I
ake that unanimous consent request.
kThe PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
ottection? Without objection, it is so
or ered.
Mr. ABOUREZK. Mr. President, this
nenclrnent provides that no funds made
,available under this act shall be used to
provide economic or military assistance
to any foreign country which the Presi-
dent determines is practicing the intern-
ment or imprisonment of that country's
citizens for political purposes. Upon
making that determination such assist-
ance would be terminated and a copy of
the determination would be transmitted
to the Speaker of the House and the
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations.
The amendment also sets up an annual
mechanism whereby the Congress would
receive from the President a certification
between July 1 and July 30, that a re-
cipient country is not engaged in prac-
tices of interment or imprisonment of
its citizens for 'political purposes. The
amendment provides that the President
submit supplemental reports to Con-
gress should the administration intend
to provide assistance to a country which
was not on the certified list at the be-
ginning of the- fiscal. year. The, funds
which are ordinarily available for disas-
ter relief and similar purposes where the
President can determine such use to be
important to national interest, would
not be included in the provisions of the
amendment.
One respected international organiza-
tion?Amnesty International--has de-
fined political prisoners as:
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DctoCer 1, 1929
S 18265
Those who are imprisoned, detained, re-
stricted or otherwise subjected to physical
coercion or restriction by reason of their
conscientiously held beliefs, or by reasons of
their ethnic. origin, color or language, pro-
vided the z have not used or advocated
violence.
The definition has been the determin-
&rig measure in which international or-
ganizations of every religious, ethnic, and
cultural background have agreed upon.
One country where each of these orga-
nizations have applied the definition of
political prisoners most vigorously is
South Vietnam.
The Paris peace agreement guarantees
democratic liberties to the South Viet-
namese people, including freedom of po-
litical activity. Still, Saigon refuses to
release its prisoners of conscience, and
even goes to the absurd length of pub-
licly pretending they do not exist.
The Canadian Anglican News Service
estimates the total of South Viet-
namese political prisoners at 240,000.
Other estimates range from 100,000 by
the the Red Cross to 200,000 by Amnesty
International, the French newspaper
Le Monde quotes a South Vietnamese
deputy as saying that the current Saigon
prison budget calls for food allotments
for 400,000 persons.
The State Department, and other U.S.
agencies continue to ignore evidence o
Saigon's brutality to prisoners. Th
continue to act as apologists for Thi
even repeating his mistruths to mem
of Congress. Marshall Wright, ac
secretary for congressional relations
cently wrote to one of our distinguis
colleagues in the Senate that the Sta.
Department sees no convincing eviden
that the Thieu government is "bent'
upon a systematic, widespread campaign
to incarcerate persons or groups with
legitimate grievances." The 11-iieu gov-
eminent has expressly denied allega-
tions of torture and executions in South
Vietnamese prisons, says this State De-
partment spokesman.
And yet, the deformed bodies of 124
political prisoners released last February
, gave further evidence of ill-treatment in
Saigon's jails. Of these people a Time
magazine correspondent wrote:
It is not really proper to call them men
anymore. "Sham" is a better word?grotes-
que sculptures of scarred flesh and gnarled
limbs
11
U,
rs
e-
?
-
In testimony before a House Govern-
ment Operations Subcommittee in July
1971, a former chief of the Public Safety
Division in Vietnam said that public
safety advisers had never made reports
on inhumane treatment of prisoners to
his office. And yet as far back as October,
1963, another public safety chief knew
enough of prison conditions to call Con
, Son the "Devil's Island of the Pacific"
and even described the shackling of
"hard core" Reds to the floor of their
cells.,
The a.ssertion that America ha,s a re-
sponSfbility for Saigon's imprisonment
and treatment a political prisoners is
based on the fact that the, Theiu govern-
ment fundamentally is a creation of U.S.
policy, with the United States providing,
directly and indirectly, as much as 90
percent of the Saigon budget. The United
Statesethas continued to support the
South Vietnamese police through "pub-
lice safety" programs since 1955 and has
provided "advice and assistance" to the
prison system since 1963. As of 1971, the
United States was providing 200 police
specialists to "train and organize the
national police on all levels." Under U.S.
sponsorship, the Saigon police has grown
from 16,000 in 1960 to 122,000 in 1973.
Further U.S. responsibility comes from
the fact that many of the civilian politi-
cal prisoners now in jail were arrested
during operations by the U.S. military
and were later turned over to South Viet-
namese police.
Not only has the United States funded,
advised, and trained Saigon police and
prison personnel, but it has funded the
construction of South Vietnamese prison
facilities. The Provincial Interrogation
Centers were built with U.S. funds and
according to volunteers, construction
work on at least one center was actually
carried out by American Navy personnel.
In 1971, the U.S. Navy paid an Ameri-
can firm $400,000 to build new "isolation
cells" on Con Son Island to replace the
old "tiger cages" uncovered in 1970.
These ? ? : " cells which
a ' ' aller than the tiger c: _ - were,
ow hold from three to five peop .
Moreover, the Nixon administratio
shows no signs of abandoning Thieu in
these policies and allowing the demo-
cratic liberties guaranteed the Viet-
namese people by the Paris agreement.
It is the 120,000-man force of U.S. funded
police that is the mainstay of Thieu's
support, not the overwhelming popular
support as .he would have us believe.
Lest anyone think that South Vi
?
_
I IS
? I I al ? ? ? : , ?
n po-
litical repression and internment of its
citizens I would remind my distinguished
colleagues that at least 6 other so-called
friends of ours also hold over 57,000
political prisoners and practice the most
barbaric forms of political repression
utilizing both extreme forms of torture
and assassination.
In Brazil, political dissent has become
the instant object of police brutality un-
der the Medici military dictatorship.
Even more than police brutality, the
Brazilian Government n.oW officially
sanctions systematic torture to the extent
that it has now become a regular prac-
tice.
According to the estimates of one
Brazilian expert, since 1964 between 40
and 120 people have died from torture
or beatings, the great majority since
1968. This number does not include the
estimated 200 to 300 people killed by
the so-called "death squads" who are
off-duty Brazilian policemen. There
have been over 20,000 citizens interned
for political reasons since 1964 and there
are probably 1,000 political prisoners in
Brazilian jails at this time, the ma-
jority of which have been subjected to
extreme torture,
Mr. President, the military dictator-
ship responsible for this will get $74 mil-
lion in fiscal 1974 if this amendment
fails.
When the United States is providing
this kind of assistance to a government
which carries out political repression
there is a serious question in my mind
whether we can turn our heads and ex-
tend our arms with fistfuls of dollars
which are theirs for the taking.
Greece has taken our aid for years
while practicing some of the severest
forms of repression. The corrupt Papa-
dappolus government is the very
epitome of CIA involvement in foreign
government creation. It is no longer a
secret that without U.S. aid and internal
security assistance, the military dicta-
torship could never exist.
At the same time reports of Greek re-
pression and torture of its own citizens
have come from all parts of the world,
the United States is scheduled to give
$66 million in aid to Greece in 1974.
In Indonesia, a country to which the
Nixon administration has scheduled
$250 million in 1974, over 55,000 political
prisoners are being held. 55,000 men,
women and children?a population the
size of many of our most productive
cities in this country?are being held,
beaten, tortured and even assassinated
with the full knowledge of U.S. officials
for one reason?to stabilize the political
fortunes of Indonesia's dictator, for
political stability, the United States con-
tinues to allow our aid to legitimize all
kinds of actions including the violation
of the basic human rights which are
posedly guaranteed in the Indonesian
le 1 system and in their constitution.
T e prisoners are completely at the
of the soldiers in charge, who are
t to believe that their fellow cit-
are "Communists," atheists, and
rs and are not worthy of humane
ment. Furthermore, the Indonesia
Government has tiger cages of their
own. Three and four prisoners are
jammed into a cell no larger than a
closet, with no medical facilities what-
soever.
And we fund this activity, Mr. Pres-
ident.
The United States of America, now
over $400 billion in debt, is giving a quar-
ter of a billion dollars this year alone to
a country whose jails hold a political
prisoner population greater than the
population of 99 percent of the towns in
my home State of South Dakota. Yet,
once again, we hold out our money and
close our eyes.
Mr. President, this situation clings like
a filthy stench on the American people.
How can any American rationally ex-
plain our support of this Government
without taking some responsibility for
their repressive actions?
It would be easy to cite these countries
as unfair exceptions and claim that, out-
side of these, we should be proud of our
foreign economic assistance.
If. only that were the case.
Our support of corrupt regimes who
jail their own citizens does not stop with
those examples.
In Bolivia, a country which is due to
receive additional millions of dollars in
U.S. aid, the 5 million Bolivian citizens
are suffering from the cruel and despotic
tyranny of a small group of military men
sustained in lar :e s.rt by the
?
mer
tang
izen
tra at
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ore
an ,III in e ecu:s, s udents, union
leaders, mothers, their children, and en-
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tire families are found languishing m
concentration camps created by the Bo-
livian Government. Assassination has
become an everyday occurrence. In the
daily raiding of houses by the Bolivian
death squadrons, one or more citizens are
killed under the pretext of "being sub-
versives?'
In Guatemala, articles in U.S. news-
papers estimated that a total of 2 000
political assassinations have Occurred
from November 1970 to May of 1071,
alone.
U.S. complicity in the official terror of
the Guatemala Government has taken
several forms. According to conservative
figures, the United States had spent over
834 million. in supporting assistance to
Guatemala, Millions have been spent on
police vehicles, equipment and training.
U.S. advisers train Guatemalan soldiers
and police and provide them with much
of the necessary equipment to carry out
their constant acts of repression.
Violenee and repression have become a
way of Ilfe in Guatemala. Three of the
last 8 years have been spent under a
state of siege. On innurnera,ble occasions,
many of cur largest and most respected
international religious organizations
have pleaded with the Government of
Guatemala to put an end to the reign of
terror which has existed in that country
since 1988. But nothing has changed?
on the contrary?things have gone from
bad to worse. And to allow them to be-
come worse, we are scheduled to give
this government $20.9 million in 1974.
Mr. President, our aid to these coun-
tries has not enhanced the livirg condi-
tions of the people subjected to this re-
pressive rule, it has not increased the
understanding between our citieens and
those of Other countries, and it certainly
has not enhanced the basic human rights
of the people in these countries where
torture, internment and constant sur-
veillance are a matter of daily course.
The billions of dollars we give these
countries has led to nothing but more
bloodshed, more torture, and even graver
degrees of repression of individstal free-
dom and rights than ever before.
It is the teargas and ammunition we
give to Brazil, the detention trucks we
give Guateznala, and the lime r,nd tiger
cages we give South Vietnam that has
caused the American people to share in
the guilt and horror which is inflicted
on the poor people who live in these
countries.
How can we give a quarter of a billion
dollars to Indonesia, over $2 billion to
South Vietnam and billions of dollars to
scores of other countries on one hand
while at the same time cutting $1.5 bil-
lion in elementary and secondary educa-
tion, $200 million in child nutrition, $86
million in health training and education
and hundreds of millions more in critical
domestic needs in fiscal 1974 alone? Mr.
President, I fear for the future of this
country, if our priorities continue to be
so malalined. If ever we needed to take
a close, painful look at our foreign eco-
nomic assistance, the time is now. No
longer can we allow our aid to be used
for the cruelest and most inhumane
treatment of the millions of people who
live in the countries of so-called friend-
ly governments. Our conscience and
national ecoaceric conditions will not
allow it.
For us to prop up the foreign national
military police forces, the "death squad-
rons" and the domestic intelligence or-
ganization will& are used as instruments
of political s tpw'ession and are respon-
sible for the sort Ire and assassination of
thousands of people is a grave moral
error. It simply cannot be allowed to con-
tinue.
The right of every sovereign nation to
deal firmly with those citizens who have
committed &Tints criminal acts is an
inherent right and cannot be challenged.
But for any comery to expect assistance
from the Uaitel States for initiating
policies of terros and constant surveil-
lance is ridiculous.
Only by er ding our economic support
for those goiert ments holding political
prisoners and by cutting all aid for for-
eign police and prisons can we ever, in
good conscience, be proud of our foreign
economic ass ista ace program.
Only by direct ing our scarce funds to
those programs which construct, rather
than destroy the societies and living con-
ditions of Gar 7riends throughout the
world Can we ever hope to regain the re-
spect of the noilbens of people who com-
pose the real mainstay in every soveri
country.
Our economic assistance will not ?e
wasted, and the Lime we have spent h re
in debate will have been well spent, if e
will only halt the irrational and immor 1
funding of Cies( irreparable acts of re
pression and tort ure.
I urge any colleagues in the Senate to
join me in a vote to clear our con-
sciences and the conscience of the Amer-
ican people maci once again restore our
economic aid to the constructive assist-
ance which it is intended to be.
I ask you te join sue in supporting this
itineuebittent.
Mr. PERCIt. Ii r. President. I share the
strong feelings of the junior Senator
from South Dakota about regimes which
intern and imprison citizens for political
purposes, ani I commend his effort to
-legislate a control on U.S. assistance to
such nations. *Therefore, I would be in-
clined to support this amendment were
It not so all inclusive. For example, under
this atnentiment we could not provide
aid to such a najon for child care, refu-
gee relief, educetion, population plan-
ning, or the eXiiension of its agricultural
production, even though these are areas
of vital need.
My point is that denying some forms
of foreign eel w mid actually make con-
ditions of life ev Hi more difficult for the
poor people of a country who should not
be penalized because their government
holds politica peisoners. I see no reason
why the peoele should be penalized for
the sins of th sir masters.
Moreover, another area of foreign as-
sistance which is of great personal inter-
est and importance to our own people is
aid in controlliug the growth and dis-
tribution of eireotics which are carried
to our counts y it. the illicit international
narcotics trade. Birch assistance is in our
national interest and should not be ruled
out because a government willing to co-
operate may also hold political prisoners.
I would be eager to support, and I do
support, other efforts to dissuade cer-
tain governments from the practice of
oppressing their citizens for political pur-
poses, but I do not believe that this pro-
posal is prudent.
Mr. President, I reserve the remainder
of my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who
yields time?
Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, there is a
Senator who wants to speak on this pro-
posal. I think that he will be here mo-
mentarily.
Mr. ABOUREZK. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the name of the
Senator frora Illinois (Mr. SezveersoN)
be added as a cosponsor of my amend-
ment.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it Is we ordered.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, the
amendment does pose some serious dif-
ficulties. I miderstineeAeaseers at
the Senate eas-i%isteeelitianpetsone
and ? cooperation with countries ho
ha incarcerated some of their fe
izens.
The pending bill has a provision which
reads as follows:
SEC. 20. It is the sense of Congress that the
the President should deny any economic or
military assistance to the government of any
foreign countiy which practices the Intern-
ment OE imprisonment of that country's citi-
zens for political purposes.
That language in my mind is still
satisfactory. However, it was the t
at the committee could come up th
'giving long consideratios,4o the
whi subject matter prop( the
Senator
a South Rakerth,. Who is a
political prisarierlITIV what is he? They
incarcerate someone who may try to
overthrow a government, even if the gov-
ernment is a legitimate democratic gov-
ernment.
Mr. ABOUREZK. Mr. President, if the
Senator will yield, I am sorry that the
Senator frora Minnesota. was not here
when I gave a definition. I would be
happy to do it again.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I
would be delighted to have it repeated.
May I say that there is no definition in
the measure.
Mr. ABOUREZK. Then I would like to
offer an amendment to provide that defi-
.ni tion .
Mr. HUMPHREY. The Senator will do
that on his own time.
Mr. ABOUREZK. I will do it on my
own time. I understand that I have more
time than the Senator from Minnesota
does.
Mr. President, I offer this amendment
as a definiticre ?
A political prisonex shall be defined as
someone who is interned or imprisoned for
political purposes, which shall include those
who are imprisoned, detained, restricted or
otherwise subjected to physical coercion or
restriction by reason of their ethnic 'origin,
color, or language, provided they have not
used or advocated violence.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, may
I say that we are trying to define some
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International law here tonight. I think
that it would be rather difficult to make
It sufficiently precise to have real mean-
ing.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the
Senator from South Dakota desire to so
modify his amendment?
Mr. ABOUREZK. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent to so modify my
amendment.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection to the request of the Senator
from South Dakota? The Chair hears
none, and it is so ordered. The amend-
ment is so modified.
Would the Senator from South Dakota
send the modification of his amendment
to the desk?
Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, would
the Senator yield to me for a moment?
Mr. ABOUREZK. I yield.
Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, I think
that this amendment should be taken to
conference. I say frankly that the Sena-
tor from Rhode Island is very much dis-
turbed not only with this matter, but we
are also talking about how much aid we
are going to give Thieu and his govern-
ment.
We pick up the paper and find out
about the tiger cages in which people
are incarcerated.
The United States believes in freedom
of thought and freedom of speech and
In the ability of a man to be free and to
say what he thinks.
think this is a good amendment. It
may need refinement. However, I would
hope that it would go to conference. I
would hope that we would vote.
I realize that it gets pretty difficult to
define exactly what a particular situa-
tion is in this whole panorama of the
world's injustices. However, I think we
know what a political prisoner is. And I
think all that the Senator from South
Dakota is saying is that what we want
here is to see that this Government not
give money to people who practice those
very principles that are anathema to
our system. That is what we are saying.
Let them use their own money.
Mr. ABOUREZK. ,Mr. President, I
thank the Senator from Rhode Island.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, may
I say to the Senator from Rhode Island?
that is exactly what we have in the bill.
The bill already says:
It is the sense of Congress that the Presi-
dent should deny any economic or military
assistance to the government of any foreign
country which practices the internment or
imprisonment of that country's citizens for
political purposes.
It is in the bill.
Mr. PASTORE. That is right.
/ Mr. HUMPHREY. And it stems to me
that what we have in the bill is thor-
oughly adequate.
I might point out that the Amnesty
International report, to which the Sena-
tor alluded, includes the United States.
The United States is at the top of the
list. Other countries that are involved,
sctill,e or-them rather friendly to us, in
tatinAnaerica, include countries like El
Salyador, Mexico?we do not do much
for Mexico except, may I say, in terms
of technical assistance, but that could
be quite substantial?Uruguay, Colom-
bia?these are friendly countries to us.
Israel would be excluded; she has pol-
itical prisoners, and has incarcerated
People who were incarcerated not be-
cause they used violence, but because
they would be considered a threat to the
state. There is Jordan, Iran?a country
with whom we have most friendly rela-
tions.
I think we are better off to leave the
language we have in the bill, which sure-
ly states our deep concern and directs
the President to examine meticulously
Into these matters. There is nothing more
that the amendment of the Senator from
South Dakota does than that, except
that it broadens the whole concept. I
happen to believe that we ought to leave
well enough as it is.
I repeat again that the committee
unanimously approved the language in
section 20 of the bill. It is not as if this
subject matter was not given serious con-
sideration. Every member of that com-
mittee really went into it, and we came
out with what we thought was the best
we could get out in terms of defining
what we mean by political prisoners, and
directing the President to deny economic
or military assistance to the government
of any foreign country which practices
the internment or imprisonment of that
country's citzens for political purposes.
I must say in conclusion that I doubt
that we are going to change the face of
the world by this, but we do have a right,
As I said about the Senator's other
amendment, to see that our aid, what-
ever it is, and in whatever amount it is,
is used for constructive development
Purposes. We hope that is what it will
be used for, but I think vie are deluding
ourselves if we think that, for example,
the countries of Africa, which desperate-
ly need American aid, the six countries of
Western Africa do not do this. We know
they do have political prisoners, but
their people are starving to death, and
have been through 4 years of drought.
All I am saying is that some of those
people would be more victimized if we
have such a restriction.
Mr. ABOUREZK. Mr. President, if the
Senator will yield, there is a provision in
my amendment which exempts disaster
relief from the restriction.
Mr. HUMPHREY. So my argument
about West Africa would not prevail. But
there are other areas of the African
Continent. Take a country, for example,
like Tunisia. There is no one more
friendly to the United States than Bour-
guiba, the President of Tunisia. Tunisia
is listed as one of those countries that
would have to come under the purview of
this amendment.
I think it is wise to have a sensible
leader like Bourguiba speak up as he
does for reason. All I am saying is that I
believe the language in the bill has taken
care of what the Senator from South Da-
kota really has in mind, and I do not
believe we can give it any more positive
construction than we have there.
I have no further comment.
Mr. ABOUREZK. Mr. President, I have
just one comment. There is no attempt,
by virtue of this amendment, to shut off
Money for people who are starving and
who are poor. There is an attempt to
stop dictatorships around the world from
punishing and torturing their own peo-
ple simply for speaking out against their
government. '
I think that is exactly what this
amendment would do; it would frighten
those governments into stopping tor-
ture and imprisonment. I am sure they
are not going to give up this sizable
fortune from the U.S. taxpayers in order
to keep torturing their people. I think it
would send them a message, as George
Wallace used to say. Any of these coun-
tries that imprison their own people are
certainly going to make the choice of
continuing the money from America,
rather than continuing that.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, so
that the record may be clear, the amend-
ment of the Senator from South Dakota
does not exempt Public Law 480 transac-
tions, which are frequently used for as-
sistance to countries that are impover-
ished.
Second, I would like to have printed
in the RECORD a list of all the countries
that would be affected by the terms of
this amendment, as reported by the 1973
report of the amnesty international.
Mr. ABOUREZK. Mr. President, I ob-
ject to that. Did the Senator ask unan-
imous consent?
Mr. HUMPHREY. I can read them into
the RECORD.
Mr. ABOUREZK. I object that this
amendment does not use the list pro-
vided by amnesty international. It re-
quires the President to certify to Con-
gress each year that the countries that
are going to receive aid are not perpe-
trating what I talk about In this amend-
ment. It has nothing to do with the am-
nesty international list.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent to include the
list, with the understanding that it is not
definitive insofar as the Senator's
amendment is concerned.
There being no objection, the list was
ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as
follows:
THE AMERICAS'
United States
Colombia
Dominican Republic
Haiti
Uruguay
Argentina
Brazil
Israel
Iraq
Yemen
Saudi Arabia
Bahrain
Egypt
Indonesia
Taiwan
Malaysia
Singapore
Philippines
Nepal
Pakistan
India
El Salvador
Mexico
Peru
Bolivia
Cuba
Guatemala
Paraguay
THE MIDDLE EAST
Iran
Jordan
Libya
Syria
Oman
Mani
Mauritania
Senegal
Algeria
Chad
Congo-Brazzaville
Gabon
Guinea
Mauritius
Sudan
ASIA
Sri Lanka
Cambodia
Thailand
South Korea
North Korea
Bangladesh
South Vietnam
North Vietnam
AFRICA
Angola
Uganda
Botswana
Burundi
Ivory Coast
Ghana
Kenya
Lesotho
Madagascar
Malawi
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Morocco
MozambiqUe
Namibia
Nigeria
Rhodesia
Sierra Lectne
South Africa
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Somalia
Tanzania
T-unisia
To
Zambia
-Guinea Ilissaa
EUROPE
West Germany Northern Ireland
Netherlamb Portugal
Yugoslavia Hungary
Spain U.S.S.R.
German 4ernocratIc Switzerland
Republic England
Rumania Turkey
Greece CzeehosIOValKia
Italy Poland
Mr. HUMPHREY. I yield beck the re-
mainder of my time.
Mr. ABC/OREM. Mr. President, I yield
back the remainder of my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
CLARK). All remaining time having been
yielded bade, the question is on agreeing
to theerthesuimentl.No.3011) of the Sen-
ator from SUuthaahota (Mr. ,Aeorrarsit).
On this question, the Yeaa and nays have
been ordered, and the clerk will call the
roll.
The second assistant legislatve clerk
called the roll.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I announce
that the Senator from North Carolina
(Mx. mit), the Senator from Arkan-
sas (Mr. lerasarcoar), the Senator from
Wyoming (Mr. McGee), the Senator
from Rhode Island (Mr. PELL) , the Sen-
ator front West Virginia (Was RAN-
DOLPH), the Senator from Mtssisslppi
(Mr. Sassons), and the Senator from
Missouri (Mr. SYMINGTON) are neces-
sarily absent.
I further annourice that, if present and
voting, tha Senator from West Virginia
(Mx. RANDOLPH) would vote "nay."
Mr. GRIMM. I emit/Mice that the
Senator from New York (Mr. Jams) and
the Senator from Tennessee (Mr.
BAKER) are necessarily absent.
I also announce that the Senator from
Kansat (Mr. Psaitsos) is absent because
of illness.
The result was announced? yeas 23,
nays 67, as follows:
[No. 449 Leg.]
YEAS--23
Hart
Matte
Haskell
Huddleston
Mansfield
McGovern
Metcalf
Moss
NAYS--67
Aiken Eaglet= McClure
Allen Eastland McIntyre
Bartlett Fannin Mond ale
Beall Fong Montoya
Bellmon Goldwater Musk ie
Bennett Griffin Nunn
Bentsen Gurnee Packwood
Bible Hansen Percy
Brock Hatfield Roth
Brooke Hathaway Saxbe
Buckley Helms Schweikeit
Byrd, Hop raas Scott, Hugh
Harry F., Jr. liruaka Scott,
Byrd, Robert C. Hughes William L.
Cannon Humphrey Sparkman
Case Inouye Stafford
Chiles Jackson Stevens
Cook Johnston Taft
Cotton Kennedy Talmadge
Curtis Lone Thurmond
Dole Magnuson Tewer
Domenic' Mathias Weic ter
Dominick McClellan Young
Abourezk
Baylo
Biden
Burdick
Church
Clark
Cranston
Gravel
Nelaos
Pastore
Proxmire
Ribicaff
Steveeson
Tanney
Williams
NOT VOTING--10
Baker afealee Stennis
Ervin Pea' son Symington.
Fulbright Pell
seen& Rao dolph
So Mr. Ai au] MX'S amendment was
rejected.
Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, I move
that the Senate reconsider the vote by
which the araenifisent was rejected.
Mr. SPARICMAN. I move to lay that
motion on the t
The motion to lay on the table_was
agreed to.
Mr. TOWER "sir. President, I suggest
the absence of i quorum.
The PRE31I:ING OFFICER. The
clerk will call the roll.
The third as: istant legislative clerk
? proceded to call he roll.
Mr. ROBERT ,1. BYRD. Mr. President,
I ask unanirroue consent that the order
for the rruorittn lall be rescinded.
The PRES flaIS,`G OFFICER. Without
objection, it is ea ordered.
Mr. ROJSKi aT 1. syrrn. Mr. President,
I ask tmaninots consent that I may
proceed for '. minute, without the time
being ehargel -to either side.
The PRE1311)ING OFFICER. Without
objection, It s so ordered.
Alt/C5MMENT NO. 535
Mr. ROBEtT 7. BYRD. Mr. President,
on behalf of he Senator from California
(Mr. Tomas ) , i.nd at his request,! call
up Amendment No. 535 and ask that it
be stated, only f sr the purpose of laying
It before the Senate and making It the
pending gm tien before the Senate, for
restmaption nniesday, when the Sen-
ate returns the consideration of the
foreign assiamniv bill.
The PRESITONG OFFICER. The
amendment Will be stated.
The legislattre clerk read as follows:
On page 19, line 12, insert the following:
"Sac. 16. Chaptt z 3 of part III of the For-
eign Assistance A at of 1961 is amended by
adding at the end thereof the following new
section:
" 'Sac. 859. LT,S/IrrATION ON ASSISTANCE To
POSTUGAL.?(A ) Tate -congress declares that it
as the policy of, the United States that no
military or econor tic assistance furnished by
the United States, nor any items of equip-
ment Sold 'by dr exported from the United
States, shall be used to maintain the present
status of the A tic on territories of Portugal.
" 'an) CU_ Tie Present of the United
States shall, as so ,n, as practicable following
the date of the I nactment of this section,
make a deterntina ion and report to Congress
with respect to Ile use by Portugal in sup-
port of its in lite -y activities in its African
territories of--
" assistance furnished under the For-
eign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, after
the date of that enactment of this section;
" (b) defer se articles or services furnished
after such date i nder the Foreign Military
Sales Act, as amended;
" '(c) agricititu -al commodities or local
currencies fix ked after such date under
the Agricultuaal 'rade Development and As-
sistance Act o 1911, as amended, or any other
Act; or
" (d) Item! taz which validated export li-
censes are granted after such date for export
to Portugal or Its territories.
" ' (2) The Pres dent shall include a report
similar to that tp :tattled :n the previous sub-
section in eadt ye tr at the time of submitting
the budget legit tot for foreign assistance.
Such report Snail also specify the steps being
1, taken to imp etra sit the policy contained in
this section.
" (IC) All assistance. sales, and licenses
referred to in the preceding paragraph shall
be suspended upon the submission to Con-
gress of a report by the President containing
his determination that tiny such assistance,
or item so furnished or exported, after such
date, has been used in support of Portugal's
military activities in its African territories.
Such suspension shall continue until such
time as the President submits a report to
Congress containing his determination that
appropriate corrective action has been taken
by the Government of Portugal. The author-
ity contained :.n. section 614 of 'his Act shall
not apply to programs terminated by reason
Of this section.' ".
On page 25, line 21, change "Sac. 16." to
"Sac. 17.".
On page 28 line 5, change "Sac. 17." to
"Sac. 18.".
On page 28, line 10, change "Sac. 18." to
"Sac. 19.".
On page 28, line 20, change "Sac. 19." to
"Sac. 20.".
On page 29, line 4, change "Sac. 20." to
"SEC. 21.".
On page 29, line 10, change "Sac. 21." to
"Sac. 22.".
On page 30, line 4, change "Sac. 22." to
"Sac. 23.".
Mr. ROBE:RT C. BYRD. Mr. President,
Ias
ask consent that no time
be charged on the Tunney amendment
today.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
EXTENSION OF CERTAIN LAWS RE-
LATING TO PAYMENT OF IN-
TEREST ON TIME AND SAVINGS
DEPOSITS
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Pursuant
to previous order, the Senate will now
proceed to the consideration of Senate
Joint Resolusion 160.
The senate proceeded to the consid-
eration of Senate Joint Resolution 160.
to provide for an extension of certain
laws relating to the payment of interest
on time and savings depoeits, and for
other purpcses, which was read first
by title and the second time at length.
Mr. TOWER. Mr. Presid.ent, I yield
myself such time as I may require.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the following staff members of
the Committee on Banking, Housing, and
Urban Affairs be permitted the privilege
of the floor during the consideration of
Senate Joint Resolution Ufa and House
Joint Resolution 719 Carl A. S. Coen,
Tom Brooks. Mike Simpson, Jerry Buck-
ley, and Kenneth McLean.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered,
Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, this res-
olution would provide a congressional in-
struction to the Federal Reserve Board,
the FDIC, and the Federal Home Loan
Bank Board to set some ceiling on the in-
terest rates paid on the so-called "wild-
card" CD's-4-year certificates of deposit
of less than. $100,000 in amount. Since
July, these CD's have been exempt from
interest rate ceilings by regulation, so
that savings institutions and banks can
use these vehicles to compete with other
money market instruments for funds
during tight money periods. The thrift
institutions have a difficult time, however,
paying top interest rates on deposits like
this, because their asset portfolio is heav-
ily in long-term mortgages. Hence they
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THE WASHINGTON POST DATE s oot PAGE
.4kotte,..4
fJfll
8. VOte4-1-J')/..SOnate
AID, From Al
thatIconemic or military aid
..to chile be forbidden until
e
:eases what Kennedy called
persecution of political pri5-.
oners and refugees, and corn-
Plies with the Universal Dec-
By Spencer Rich pyration of Human Righta.
Washington Post Staff Writer Although little economic aid
A $1.2 billion foreign eco-at a time when the United
nomic aid bill, the smallest I, States is under the gravest
since worldwide aid began/ al economic pressure. *
quarter century ago, passe
the Senate on a 54 to 42 'lai-
cal" vote yesterday, after
critics slashed $250 million
from the measure and failed
by only a single vote to cut out
another $134 million.
The authorization bill was
piloted to final approval by
Sen. Hubert H. Humphrey (D-
Minn.), who said the aid pro-
gram is still'- urgently needed
to help economic development
in the world's poorest coun-
tries, some with gross national
products below $100 a year
per person.
However, the program was
sharply criticized by Sens. J.
W Fulbright (D-Ark.), Frank
Church (D-Idaho), Harry Floo
Byrd Jr. (Ind.-Va.) and othe
as providing excessive outlays
Fulbright also repeated his ,
criticism of bilateral (cciuntry-
to-country) aid, calling it a
cold war relic in which the ,
United States seeks to shore
up friendly governments and
"buy" their cooperation against
Russia. Byrd said that while
"official" aid funds seem rel-
atively small, actual aid
through related programs like
special "soft loan" credit
banks (Inter-American, Asian
Development) and soft-cur-
rency farm sales totals about
$18 billion a year.
Before passing the bill, the
nate on a voice vote added
.71q.
d....lienneslialnasaasleclaring it
stEigress
See AID, M9, Cot 1
cies if
on ress with desir r-
n a".' on ?Tor)
mato
infor-
is currently programmed for
Chile, some arms aid is ex-
pected to continue, according
to an administration "position
paper" opposing the Kennedy
amendment.
Fulbright and Church led
the assault on the bill yester-
day, offering amendments to
make deep cuts in the $1.2-bil-
lion authorization total recom-
mended by the Foreign Rela-
tions Committee. A Church
proposal cutting it $134 mil-
lion to about $1.1 billion was
beaten, 47 to 46. Both Mary-
land senators opposed this cut,
both Virginia senators backed
it, A Fulbright move to cut the
figure to $1 billion also was
defeated, 64 to 31.
However, the Senate on a 68
to 23 vote accepted a Church
amendment wiping out the ex-
' ug _re_ owau ori y o
Agency for international
40yelo.pment to use for its
flrograMs $251 million in loan
reVaymentS by countries given
money in previous years, in
m(dition to the $1.2 billion in
new authority in the bill. J.
Glenn Beall Jr. (R-Md.) was
the only Maryland or Virginia
senator opposing this amend-
ment.
In other significant floor
amendments, the Senate soft-
Elation a e a program.
A_sataned,_ on the insist.-
enr,x of -iations C m-
c-
G.1.44.1a.n...4D.A.r.10,, was a pro-
fnr trainincr police in foreign
out
I
11
duce
aid...far_2112areaSiOn of 1101;1111er
Toovements this_was_dlanged
to allow technical aid to other
narc
y-
.ac.lcing and terrorism.
The bill cuts off all funds
for Indochina combat, bars
the United States from finan-
cing third-country mercenary
troops in Indochinese nations
and restructures the foreign
aid program. It includes $376
million for economic aid to
South Vietnam, Laos and Cam-
bodia.
The White House asked $1.6
billion for economic aid (in-
cluding $632 million for South
Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia)
and $1.2 billion for foreign
military aid?a total of over
$2.8 billion.
The House passed a single
authorization bill carrying $2.7
billion for the overall pro-
grams, of which $1.6 billion
was for economic aid. (It also
allowed the $251 million in
"reflows.") The Senate passed
a separate $770 million mili-
tary aid authorization and now
has allowed $1.218 billion for
the economic portion without
any "reflows." The bills must
go to conference to compro-
ened a provision cutting off mise the differences.
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Littl,e Cigar Act
Aniends the Federal Cigarette Labeling and
Advertising Act A15 USC 1331-1340) as
amended y the Public Health Cigarette
Smoking Act? of 1969 by expanding the pro-
hibition on advertising media to include
"little cigars"; defines the tern]. "little cigar"
to mean any role of tobacco wrapped in leaf
tobacco or any, substance containing tobacco
(other than cigarettes) and weighing not
more than .2 pounds ,per 1,000 units; and
provides that it shall be unlawful to adver-
tise little Cigars on any Medium of electronic
communication subject to the jurisdiction of
the Federal Communications Commission.
6. 1165. Public 'taw- 93409, approved Septem-
ber 21, 1973. (VV)
National Institute of Nealth. Care 'Delivery
Amends the_Pub.lic Health Service Act .to
establish a National Institute of Health Care
Delivery as a separate'agency within the
Department of Health, Education, and Wel-
-fare to earry out an accelerated multidis-
ciplinary research and development effort to
improve the organization and delivery of
health care il -alp nation; authorizes up to
eight regional centers and two National Spe-
cial naiphaas Centers: a Health Care Tech-
nology Center, and a Health Care Manage-
ment Center; : authorizes, for both the In-
stitute and the Centers, $115 million, $130
million, and $145 million for _fiscal years 1974,
1975, and 1976 JeSpectively; establishes a
21 meinlier National ,-.1cd.Visphr, OOimail on
Health Cue Pe'lKii fiti"adVile?th?fri-itifute
on the clivelopMent, priorities, and execu-
tion_ ?of its programs, and contains " other
provision. S. 723. P/S May 15, 1973. (VV)
>.
National Research Service Awards and Pro-
tection of Human Subjects Act
In title I, the National Research Service
Award Act, consolidates the existing research
training and fellowship programs into a sin-
gle National Research Service Awards 'au-
thority which would be the' najor eleMent
. _
in the_ $41i4lig 06gran-is of the National
Institut:ea' Of Health '(NII) and National In-
stitute of Mental Health -and -would indrease
their capability, of maintaining a superior
national program of research, and provides
, revised probeclure whereby .8.WLITICS would
be provided through the Office of the Direc-
tor of NM by the Secretary of Health,'Edu-
cation, and Welfare in consultation with
the Directors of 101-1 and the National In-
stitute for Mental Health;
Establishes, in title II, the Protection of
"Human SubjectsAct, a National Commis-
sion tor the Preteetion of ,Huinan Subjects
of BiOrnedical and Behavioral Research With-
in the Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare, to be composed of 11 mem-
bers appointed by the President for 4 year
terms, with not more than five members to
have been engaged in biomedical or beha-
vioral research involving human beings; pro-
vides that the Commission is first to under-
take acomprehensive investigation and
study to identify the basic ethical principles
'and develop guidelines which should under-
lie the conduct of biomedical and behavioral
research involving human subjects, and sec-
ond, to develop and implement policies and
regulations to assure that researah is car-
ried out in accordance With tile ethical
principles they have identified, develop pro-
cedures for certification -of Institutional
He-
view 13oar4s ancl:alsO cleyelap procedures for
and make redonimenclations to the Congress
in the areas Of ganctionkcoMpensation for
injuries or death, and appropriate mecha-
nisms to eZtend the scope of the Commis-
sion's jurisdiction;
Provides protection for individuals and in.:-
stitutions in matters Of religious beliefs or
moral DPV1a0W; prohibits research and
experimentation on human fetuses until
stich -Wile' after certification of Institutional
; .
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keview lfloardi has been established "and- the
Commission develops policies with regard to
the conduct of research on the living fetus
or infants;
Contains interim provisions denoting that,
until the certification of Boards has been
established, it is the responsibility of each
institution engaged in such research to de-
termine that the rights and welfare of the
subjects involved are fully protected, that
the risks are outweighed by the potential
benefits to the subject or the importance of
the knowledge to be gained, and that in-
formed consent is to be obtained by ade-
quate methods in all but exceptional cases
as specified in this act;
' Calls for the Commission, in title III, the
Special Study of Biomedical Research Act,
to make a comprehensive investigation and
Study of the ethical, social, and legal impli-
cations of advances in biomedical research
and technology, with a report to be gent to
the President and the Congress at least every
2 years together with recommendations for
needed legislation or appropriate action by
public or private organizations or individ-
uals;
- And contains other provisions. H.R. 7724.
P/11 May 31, 1973; P/S amended Septem-
ber 11, 1973; Senate requested conference
September 11, 1973. (382)
Research in Aging Act
Amends title IV of the Public Health Serv-
ice Act to provide for the establishment by
the Secretary of Health, Education, and Wel-
fare (HEW) of a National Institute on Aging
(NIA) in the National Institutes of Health
(NIH) for the conduct and support of bio-
medical, social, and behavioral research and
training related to the aging process and the
diseases and other special problems and
needs of the aged, as authorized under sec-
tion 301 of the Public Health Service Act
and presently focused in the National Insti-
tute of Child Health and Human Develop-
ment; provides that the Director of NIH shall
assign functions to NIA or another institute
When the activites overlap; directs the Sec-
retary of HEW to:
(1) conduct scientific studies, through the
Institute, for the purpose of measuring the
impact on the biological, medical, and psy-
chological aspects of aging, 'of all programs
conducted or assisted by HEW to meet the
needs of the aging in order to obtain data
Insti-
tute;
assessment of the programs by the Insti-
t. (2). carry out public information and edu-
cation programs to disseminate information
developed by the Institute which may aid
in dealing with, and understanding, the
problems associated with aging; and
(3) prepare a comprehensive aging research
plan within 1 year after enactment for pres-
entation to the Congress and the President,
along with a statement of the staffing and
funding requirements necessary to imple-
ment the plan; and contains other provisions.
NOTE.?(H.R. 14424 [92d-2d1, a similar
measure, was pocket vetoed by President
Nixon on October 30, 1972.) S. 775. P/S
July 9, 1973. (VV)
School lunch and child nutrition programs
Amends section 6 of the National School
Lunch Act which authorizes expenditures for
commodities to provide a means to enable
the Department of Agriculture, to meet
school lunch and breakfast program needs
for this fiscal year only, to make an estimate
as of March 15 of the amount of commodities
which the Department will deliver to schools;
requires the Secretary (if this estimate is
less than 90 percent of _tbe value of the
amount the Department originally planned
to deliver to schools) to pay the States, no
later than, April 15, a cash amount equal to
ihe difference between the initial estimate
and the amount to be delivered this fiscal
year as determined by the March 15 estimate,
and to distribute the money to the States
according to their ratio of meals served under
the school lunch and breakfast program;
directs the Secretary to use section 32 funds
and funds from section 416 of the Agricul-
tural Act of 1949 for the purposes of this act
to request, if necessary, a supplemental ap-
propriation; waives the matching require-
ments for the funds distributed under this
act; and contains other provisions. H.R. 4278.
Public Law 93-13, approved March 30, 1973.
(VV)
Increases the present 8 cent Federal cash
reimbursement for the school lunch program
to 10 cents per lunch and sets the school
breakfast program reimbursement at 8 cents;
provides for an automatic adjustment in
Federal reimbursement rates for both the
school lunch and school .breakfast program
for January 1, 1974, and semi-annually
thereafter, to reflect changes in the cost of
operating such programs; makes permanent
the requirement that the Secretary of Ag-
riculture make cash payments to the States
of any funds programmed for the purchase
of commodities but not expended for that
purpose; extends the authorization for the
Special Supplemental Food program to June
30, 1975, and increases the. authorization for
fiscal year 1975 to $40 million; -makes agen-
cies of Indian tribes eligible to administer
the Special Supplemental Food Program; re-
quires that the Special Milk Program be
available to any school or non-profit child
care institution that requests it and re-
quires that children who qualify for free
lunches shall also be eligible for free milk;
Increases the membership of the National
Advisory Council on Child Nutrition from 13
to 15 members by adding an urban and rural
school lunch program supervisor; changes
the method of apportioning funds for free
and reduced-price lunches and makes eli-
gible for reduced price lunches those stu-
dents whose parents' income is 75 percent,
instead of 50 percent' as presently provided,
above the income poverty guideline pre-
scribed to receive free lunches; and con-
tains other provisions. H.R. 9639. Public Law
93-150, approved November 7, 1973. (403)
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Act
Provides financial assistance to identify
the causes and preventive measures needed
to eliminate Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
and provides information and counseling
services to families affected by Sudden In-
fant Death Syndrome and to personnel who
come in contact with the victims or their
families. S. 1745. P/S December 11, 1973.
(VV)
INDIANS
American Indian Policy Review Commission
Provides for a Congressional Commission of
bipartisan composition from both the Senate
and House of Representatives and five mem-
bers from the Indian community to be se-
lected by the Commission; charges the Com-
mission with reviewing all of the treaties,
statutes, judicial decisions, and executive or-
ders, as well as the Constitution itself, to
determine the legal-historical basis for the
unique relationship that Indian people main-
tain with the Federal Government in order
to bring a fundamental reform of such re-
lationship; provides the authority to con-
duct an in-depth management study of the
Bureau of Indian Affairs; requires the Com-
mission to submit its recommendations to
the Congress; and authorizes $2 million for
the purposes of carrying out this Act. S.J.
Has. 133. P/S December 5, 1973.
Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs
Establishes within the Department of the
Interior an additional Assistant Secretary of
the Interior who will be responsible only for
Indian Affairs, and amends the Alaska Na-
tive Claims Settlement Act (85 Stat. 688) to
establish a thirteenth region for Alaska Na-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
tives who are not residents of Alaska. H.R.
620. Pllinectober I, 1973; PrS amended De-
cember 1973; House disagreed to Semite
amendrnerts December 19, 1973; Senate
quested oonferenne December 19, 1973. (VV)
Choctaw, Cheelcastrat, and Cherokee Narimes
Grants the coneent isf the United States lee
the Choctaw Nation., the Chickasaw Nation
and the Cherokee Nation to site each other
and other persons or entitiee to quiet title
to certain portions of the bed of the Aitken-
sas River in eastern Oklahoma. tIR 303e.
Public Law 93-195, approved December 20,
1973. (WV;
Glen Canon National Recreation Area Con-
cession Operations
Directs that WS SWAIMj frenehise fee re-
ceived by the Secretary of the Interior :from
the canoe :Wooer in connection with the
Rainbow lirkige floating -conceesien opera-
tion in Olen Canyon National Recreation
serea be placed in a separate foul ,ef the
Treasury e and authorizes the Setretary to
transfer tenanally such fees from the fund
to the Navajo Tribe of Crediting, in count era-
tion of the tribe's continued agreement to
the use of former Navajo Indian Reservation
lands for-the purpose of andhorieg the B am-
bow Bridge floating concesstee fa:ratty. S.
1384. Is/S=lifey 23, 1974 (WV)
Indian Claims Com mission
Autlaoince-s not to exceed $1.2 milliort for
the expenses of the Indian Claims Commis-
sion for fiscal year 197e, and an edditional
$900 million for the expense aseettance re-
volving inen fund. S. 721. Public hew 93-31,
approved iday 2i, 1973. (VII)
Indian Financing Act
Provides to Indian organizations and in-
dividual Indians capital in the form of icons
and grants that is needed to proraote their
economiadevelopment; authorizes a $50
inereese for the Revolving Loan Fame,
provides a Loan Guarantee and Insurance
Program 'wench could generate as meet% as
$200 million in new private capitel; author-
izes an Interest Subsidy Program, and
provides an Indian Business Development
Grant Program. S. 1341. PI'S duly 28, :1973.
(VV)
/ndien Judgment Disttibutiol Act
Provides that if neither House of Congnss,
within 60 calendar days (excluding adjourn-
ments of more than 3 dap) frora he dote
of submission of a recommended plan by
the Secretary of the Interior regarding the
distribution of funds awarded to Indian
Tribal groups by the Court of Claims, pasties
a cominittee resolution disapproving ;Inch
plan and ?hes requires authorizing legisla-
tion, the plan win become effective and the
distribution of such funds made upon the
expiration of the 60 day paned or earlier if
waived by committee resolutions by both the
House and the Senate Committees on In-
terior and Insular Affairs, thereby relieving
the Committees .of the necessity of having
to legislate on all judement awards except
for the most complicated. S. Ken Public
Law 93-184, approved October 19, 1973. (WV)
Joint Committee on Navajo-gopi AdmMts-
tration?abolishment
Abolishes the Joint Committee on Navaro-
Hopi Indian Administration created during
the 81st Congress to consider the problems
peculiar to the Navajo and Hopi Tribes and
oversee the expenditure of funds appropri-
ated for the development of their reseroa-
lions, construction, Of facilities, and cther
needed improvements, work which was prin-
cipally completed in 1964. S. 267. P/S Feb-
ruary 5, 1978. (WV)
Klamath Indian tribal land acquisition
Directs the Secretary of Agriculture to
acquire by condemnation the remainder of
the Klamath Indian Forest land;, for in-
clusion jr. the Winema National Forest,
which the lEairuth Tribe has directed the
Untied latatei Hstional Barak of Portland,
a private trt sten to sell by the terms of
its trust agreement and authorizes for this
purpose an atom nt not to exceed $70 mil-
lion. H.R. 3867. Public Law 93-102, approved
August 16, 1e73. (VV)
Knife River !milt n Village National Historic
Site
Authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to
acquire a cluster of 5 archeological sites lo-
cated near the Elrtife and Missouri Rivers to-
gether with eddltional lands as may be nec-
essary and -ti steeninister the area as the
Knife River Iodise Villages National Iliatori-
cal Site. S. 1418. :F Noveinber 30, 1973. (WV)
Mentntinee Restoration Act
Reinstates; 'the set terminating supervision
over the affairs of the Menominee Indian
Tribe of Wiestons in; makes available to the
tribe the Federal services lost through ter/ni-
neteen; and jrovides for the reesta.blishrnent
of tribal self-government. HR. 10717. Public
LIM 93- ,approved 1973. (VV)
National F ai7 Act amendment
Provides for the addition of an Indian Na-
tions Trail to the trials to be studied for pos-
sible inclusion ir the national scenic trails
systems, 1916. P'S November 30, 1973. (WV)
Publication of mE,,erial relating to the oon-
stitutioru 1 rights of Indians
Amends, ter :ethnical reasons, section
701(c) of title VI of Public Law 90-284 to
authorize the appropriation of such sums as
may be necessain for the Secretary of the
Interior (1) ti annually revise and republish
the document monied "Indian Affair, Laws
and Treaties,' (2) to revise and republish the
treatise entitled 'Federal Indian Laws," and
(3) to have prep ieed and printed as a gov-
ernment publicanon an accurate compila-
tion of the oh nial opinions of the Solicitor of
the Departmint if the Interior relating to
Tertian affairs S.1 09. P/S June 27, 1973. (VV)
Di PRANATION AL
Atlantic Union delegation
Authorizes the creation of a delegation of
18 eminent cettze as (6 each to be appointed
by the House of Representatives, the Senate,
and the Preslient ) to meet with similar un-
official delegations 'front such North Atlan-
tic Treaty paellareentary democracies as de-
sire to join in the enterprise" in order to ex-
plore the post .toil ty of agreement on a "dec-
laration that the goal of their peoples is to
transform their present relationship into a
more effective urity based on Federal prin-
ciples," and a rapt went the convention to in-
vite other parliainentazy democracies to par-
ticipate in the pricess, which would also ex-
plore the pcetiibilities for a timetable and a
commission 'xi, move toward the goal by
stages. 5.3. RES. 2 .. P/S March 26, 1973. (VVI
Board for Inter tatieval Broadcasting Act
Authorizes 350,e)9,000 for fiscal year 1974
for the opera ;ion of Radio Free Europe and
Radio Liberty ani creates a new Board for
International Bioadeasting charged with
making grants roc the radios and overseeing
their operathets, which shall take over the
role presently performed by the State De-
partment of administering grants to the
radios. S. 1914. Plinio Law 93-129, approved
October 19, 1173. (369)
Departmeie 44 State Authorization Act
Authorizes a fetal of S682,036,000, includ-
ing $4.5 million for the U.S. share of ex-
penses of the Ire ernational Commission on
Control end Supervision in Vietnam; pro-
hibits the use of funds on or after August
15, 1973, for rut ther involvement of U.S.
forces in host dittos in North Vietnam, South
Vietnam, Laos, or Cambodia or direct or in-
direct aid to FortiL Vietnam unless specifical-
ly authorized hem rafter by Congress; estab-
lishes a new Rut eau of Oceans and Inter-
national Environs lental and Scientific Affairs
December 22, 1973
1,3 the Department of State to be headed by
an additional Assistant Secretary; requires
at military base agreements with foreign
countries be submitted to the Congrets where
they can be approved either by pantage of
a reelcurreot resolution by both the House
and the Senate or by the Senate getting its
advice and consent to the agreement; re-
quires that funds be cut off for foreign at-
fairs agencies which do not comply, within
35 days with requests for information by the
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations or
the House Committee for Foreign Affairs., and
amends seetion 634(e) of the Foreign -Assist-
ance Act containing similar provisions con-
cerning access to information by the Con-
gress and the General Accounting Offioe, to
eliminate the President's privilege efeetraiv-
rag its provisions except with regard to
Presidential communications; prohibits the
use of funds appropriated pursuant to the
act to be used for publicity or propaganda
to attempt to influence the outcome of legis-
lationspending before Congress or the out-
come of a political election; requires by law
ten listing by rank order of Foreign. Service
personnel selected for promotion; states the
sense of Congress that the United States
and Russia seek agreement on specifbe mu-
tual reductions in military expenditures; and
contains other provisions. ILL. 7645: Public
Law 93-126, approved October 18, 1973. (Cal)
Diplomatic relations between Sweden and
the United States:
Expresses the mine of the Senate that
"the United States Government and Sweden
:Mould restore their normal friendly rela-
Lion and co:afirm this return to nwinttley
by appointing and dispatching ambassadors
to their respective capitals on an immediate
basis." S. Rai. 149.. Senate adopted October
4. 1971. (VV)
nenrrentenentaZ modification as a weapon
of war
as a sense of the reneseAre that
elates Coven nnehotld seek
other rnments, ineluen
rs of the Security'ons, to a proposed
Wen ation of any re-
entation e of any en-
geoph.ysieal m cation. ac-
es weapon of war, includin mather,
earthqualre, and ocean modibektion
vity. S. Res. 71. Senate adopted July 11,
378. (266)
,..--- Euratom Cooperation Act of 1941
amendni cut
Exp
the Un
ine Agnomen
Jig all permanen
Council of the U
treaty for th
search expe
viroximen
tivity
tilt
Amends seithen 5 of the EURATOM Coop-
eration Act or 1958, as amended, by increas-
ing the amount, from 215,000 kilograms to
583,000 kilomants, of contained uranium 235
which the United States Atomic Energy
Commission :te authoris.ed to transfer to the
Eunispeari Atomic Energy Community under
the Agreements for Cooperation betWeen the
United Statea and EURATOM. S. leen Pub-
lic Law 93-418, approved August 14, 1973.
VV)
Fcreign Assistance Act
Authorizes appropriations for economic es-
te:stance to Coreign countries comprised of
grants and loans of 31,218,200,000 'divided
among five development assistance cate-
gories, Food and Nutrition, Population Plan-
ning and Health, Education and Huroan Re-
eources Deve:.opment, Selected Development
Programs, and Selected Countries and Orga-
nizations, instead of, as formerly, providing
funds for development loans, technical co-
operation and development grants, and the
Alliance for Progress; provides for greater
transferability of funds among the five cate-
gories than is; now permitted among present
funding categories, whereby the President
may transfer not to exceed 15 percent of the
fends under one category to another in an
amount which does not increase the funds
in the other category by more than 28 per-
Approved For Release 2001/08/30 : CIA-RDP75600380R000600170001-1