LINEAR ACCELERATOR UNDER CONSTRUCTION KHARKOV, USSR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78T04751A000700010035-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 14
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 13, 2001
• Sequence Number: 35
• Publication Date: March 1, 1961
• Content Type: IR

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PIC/R-1003/61
March 1961
LINEAR ACCELERATOR
UNDER CONSTRUCTION
KHARKOV, USSR
Published and Disseminated by
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
PHOTOGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE CENTER
Declass Review by NIMA / DoD
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WARNING
This material contains information affecting
the National Defense of the United States
within the meaning of the espionage laws,
Title 18, USC, Secs. '193 and 794, the trans-
mission or revelation of which in any manner
to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
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LINEAR ACCELERATOR
UNDER CONSTRUCTION
KHARKOV, USSR
PIC/R-1003/61
March 1961
Published and Disseminated by
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
PHOTOGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE CENTER
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INTRODUCTION
PIC/R-1003/61
A nuclear physics research installation featuring a large 2- to 4-BEV
linear accelerator under construction is located approximately 7 nautical
out in a random pattern.
miles (nm) north of Kharkov, USSR (Figure 1).
Coordinates for this installation are 50-05N
36-16E. Good-quality, oblique photography of
the site was obtained in
The installation covers an irregularly-
shaped area of nearly 160 acres (Figures 2 and
3). It is served by the hard-surface, all-wea-
ther road connecting Kharkov and Belgorod.
The nearest rail facility is found in Kharkov.
Security facilities, consisting primarily of fen-
ces and walls, surround various sections of the
installation. Guard towers are located through-
FIGURE 1.
MAP.
The installation is self-contained in regard to housing, administrative,
and related support facilities. Since construction is not yet complete, an
abundance of temporary roads and sheds are in evidence.
Electric power to the installation is provided by a single-circuit power
line, probably 110 kilovolt (kv) running in from a substation in north Khar-
kov.
This report examines the installation in general and the linear acce-
lerator (Linac) building in detail.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The nuclear physics research installation can be readily divided into
five areas (Figure 3) for purposes of study and description. The five areas
delineated are (1) the Linac (Linear Accelerator) Area, (2) the Laboratory
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FIGURE 2. KHARKOV NUCL EAR RESEARCH INSTALLATION.
and Shop Area, (3) the Electric Substation, (4) the Housing and Adminis-
trative Area, and (5) the Construction and Support Area.
The most important of these areas is the Linac Area. This area con-
tains the largest facility to be found within the installation and certainly
the most interesting with respect to potential contributions to Soviet nu-
clear physics.
Each of the areas within the installation are described below, with
remarks limited to essential features.
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Linac Area
The intended function of the Linac Area is believed to be advanced
research in the field of high-energy physics.
Dominating the area is a long, narrow building under construction. It
is enclosed within a perimeter fence (Figure 3, No 1). This Linac building
when completed will house a linear accelerator and its attendant equip-
ment. The latter part of this report discusses the Linac building in detail.
To the west of the Linac building are found some related facilities.
These facilities include a coal-fired steam plant, a possible emergency
power plant, a secured, earth-covered tank storage area, a possible de-
mineralizer building, and several unidentified structures. Coal for the
steam plant is probably trucked from Kharkov. The use of the five earth-
covered tanks cannot be determined. Equipped individually with ventilators
and served by a pump/control house, the tanks may possibly be used for
storage of liquid nitrogen.
Laboratory and Shop Area
Occupying the southern section of the installation is a laboratory and
shop area. The activity within the area appears to be both scientific and
technical. The presence of a large probable shop and several laboratories
gives evidence of research efforts being conducted independently of the
Linac Area. One of the laboratories (Figure 3, No 11) is believed to house
a 400-MEV linear accelerator. 1/ The probable shop would provide en-
gineering services to the various laboratories within its own area and also
to the L:inac Area.
The Laboratory and Shop Area is enclosed partly by wall and partly
by fence, with an entrance gate at the northeast corner.
Electric Substation
Located to the west of the Laboratory and Shop Area is an electric
substation intended for servicing the entire research installation.
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KEY TO ANNOTATIONS, FIGURE 3
PIC/R-1003/61
Item
Description
Dimensions
(ft)
1
Linear accelerator building u/c
1375 x 65 x 30
2
Building u/c
base
105 x 35
wings
50 x 30
3
Building u/c
90 x 30
4
Possible demineralizer building
90 x 35
5
Secured tank storage area
180 x 110
6
Steam plant
boiler house
130 x 75
control room
80 x 30
T-shaped building, u/c, possible
base
60 x 40
emergency power plant
wing
50 x 20
8
Building u/c
60 x 30
9
Probable shop
190 x 80
to
possible laboratory
L-shaped building
base
150 x 45
,
wing
135 x 60
Monitor-roofed laboratory, flat-roofed
bldg.
240 x 110
extension
ext.
110 x 40
12
Hip-roofed office building
100 x 60
13
Hip-roofed officr+ building
165 x 45
14
Monitor-roofed building, probable laboratory
270 x 150
15
probable laboratory
L-shaped building
base
210 x 50
,
wing
135 x 55
base
210 x 50
wing
135 x 55
Low-voltage swi wching and control
switching section
75 x 25
building
control section
65 x 50
Curved-roof vehicle/equipment maintenance
shop
150 x 75
This small transformer substation is served by a single-circuit power
ine (probably 110 kv) carried from a substation in north Kharkov. This
ia.cility includes one 110-kv switching position, one 110/10- or 6-kv trans-
do rmer (estimated capacity: 5.6, 10, or 15 megawatts), and a control and
ow-voltage switching building with an estimated 22 switching positions.
et the west side of the enclosed substation area a tower has been erected
Which may indicate the future installation of a 220-kv circuit.
Power lines or poles from the Electric Substation to other areas of
1 he research installation cannot be detected.
Ilousin r and Administration Area
Partially secured by wall and fence this area contains a large admin-
;;tration building and a group of modern multistory apartments. `l'he
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GUARD TOWERS'
LINAC
AREA ,
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CONSTRUCTION
SUPPORT
------------------------------
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HOUSING AND ADMIN. ----------
AREA
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apartments in the area are for the scientific-technical personnel employed
at the installation. Three of the 14 apartment buildings are still under
construction. When completed, an estimated 370 family units would be
available for housing. This estimate is based on 720 square feet for each
family unit. Located nearby is a small service area for the housing.
Construction and Support Area
For the construction of the research installation a moderate size con-
struction camp was established north of the Housing and Administration
Area. This camp area includes shops, storage-buildings, housing, a prob-
able vehicle/equipment maintenance shop and a concrete batch plant. It is
apparent that a portion of this area, especially the housing units, will
become a permanent part of the installation when construction is com-
pleted. At present it appears that the apartment-type housing is used
only by the construction workers. The area is surrounded by a fence and
wall with guard towers.
LINAC BUILDING
The largest building within the research installation is a linear acce-
lerator building measuring in length. Since construction of the
facility is still in progress, a complete description is impracticable. How-
ever, an analysis and comparison of the photography with some Soviet
references 1/ does produce an interesting picture of the probable functions
and characteristics of the facility when completed.
Apparently the building will consist of three sections; namely the ad-
ministrative/maintenance section, the klystron/accelerator section, and
the experimental section. These three sections are shown in a perspective
drawing of the Linac building (Figure 4). The several building cranes also
shown indicate areas where construction is not yet complete.
The marked similarity between an earlier Soviet design for this
Linac facility, 1/ and the facility as it has actually taken form during con-
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FIGURE 4. CONCEPT OF LINAC BUILDING AS SEEN FROM THE EAST.
struction is illustrated in Figure 5. Figure SA represents a general sche-
matic giving the earlier intended functions of the building and 5B shows
the dimensions and functions of the different sections as interpreted from
the photography. The breakdown of the functional sections as shown in
Figure 5B would not be considered atypical for a linear accelerator of
this size.
The purpose of each section, the administrative /maintenance section,
the klystron/accelerator section, and the experimental section is implied
in the name of the section. The administrative /maintenance section will
probably contain several laboratories and storerooms, a mechanical work-
shop, and miscellaneous offices. The klystron/accelerator section appears
to be constructed on two levels: the higher level to contain the klystron
chamber and the lower level to contain the accelerator tube. In Figure 5B
the representation of the accelerator gallery (lower level)is only approxi-
mate because the obliquity of the photography involved makes this section
barely discernible.
The electron beam from the accelerator will be diverted possibly to
one or more target installations to be found in the experimental section.
A large excavation of about 15,000 square feet reveals the probable loca-
tion of the experimental section. Some considerations governing the size
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4 5 R 7 8 a 101
1. Workshop and miscellaneous offices
and laboratories
2. Klystron chamber and auxiliary
accelerator equipment setup.
3. Accelerator surface tunnel.
4. Heat exchanger and pumping station.
5. Storerooms.
6. Ventilation chamber.
7. Storerooms.
8. Heat exchanger and pumping station,
9. Machine shop.
10. Ventilation chamber.
11. Heat exchanger.
12. Experimental room with lifting crane.
13. Laboratory.
14. Outline for construction of second
section.
HIGHER 1 V L
U 7C
A D M I N I S ATI V E/ M A I N T E N A N C E
SECTION
KLYSTRON/ACCELERATOR
SECTION
100 0 100 500
FEET
EXPERIMENTAL
SECTION
FIGURE 5. LINEAR ACCEL ERATOR BUILDING. This gives a comparison of earlier Soviet design, A, with
facility as imaged on photography, B. Differences in dimensions may be attributed to measurement problems
inherent in photography.
and shape this section may take are the necessity for adequate shielding
around the targets and the probable requirement for an overhead crane to
permit handling of the shielding and magnets.
There are no indications that the length of the Linac building will be
extended beyond the presently planned experimental section. However,
future extension of the electron beam with additional experimental facili-
ties would appear rather easy to accomplish.
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CONCLUSIONS
PIC/R-1003/61
The nuclear physics research installation found outside Kharkov ap-
pears to be a facility of the Physico-Technical Institute, Ukrainian SSR
. ,cademy of Sciences, located within that city.
Because of the number of laboratory facilities within the installation
is is evident that a major center of nuclear energy research is being de-
veloped here.
The major facility within the installation is a linear accelerator build-
in.g under construction. When completed, this 2- to 4-BEV machine will
rot: only demonstrate the technical competence of the Soviet Union in this
field but will also greatly broaden their nuclear research program by
providing laboratory-controlled particles in the BIV energy range.
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MAPS or CHARTS
PIC/R-1003/61
AMS. Series N501, Sheet NM 37-4 (BELGOROD), 3d ed, Nov 57, scale
1:250, 000 (U)
AMS. Series N501, Sheet NM 37-7 (KHARKOV), 3d ed, Dec 56, scale
1:250,000 (U)
DOCUMENTS
1. Komarovskiy, A. N. Stroitelnye Konstruktsii Iskoritelel (Con-
struction of Accelerators), Moscow, 1958, passim (U)
REQUIREMENT: Prepared in answer to a request for a thorough check of
all dimensions on the accelerator, comparing and con-
trasting the dimensions obtained with those given in the
Soviet book referenced above.
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