LETTER FROM JOSEPH SHEFFEL

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP88-01315R000200550001-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 14, 2004
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: March 1, 1979
• Content Type: LETTER

-I- V
THE FREEDOM LEADERSHIP FOUNDATION
United States Headquarters
v
-nA
11
4'ce
1413 K Street, N .W., Suite 600 ? Washington, D.C. 20005 ? [phone]
 "...America's
fastest growing
freedom newspaper."
Vol. IX No. 2 January 29 - February 8, 1979 Washington, D.C.
No `Novosty'Is Good Novosty
[phone]
Story of the Soviet Press Propaganda and Subversion System
by Thomas Schuman
This month, The Rising Tide is
pleased to present this special fea-
ture. Written by a former Novosty
Press Agency IAPNj employee who
also worked for the Information
Department of the Soviet Embassy
in India before his defection there in
1970. Tomas Schuman (born in
Moscow. 1939) details how he and
his comrades perpretated Soviet
subversion and ideological warfare
in India. Schuman exposes just how
Novosty-as an extension of the
Soviet KGB in the form of its
ideological subversion arm-serves
the relentless and unchanging goals
of the Central Committee of the
Communist Party of the Soviet
Union.
"An information Agency of the
Soviet public organizations",
Novosty-APN was established in
February , 1961. Hardly two years
passed when it had become obvious,
what kind of "public organi-
zations" were using Novosty Press
Agency and for which sort of
"information".
In 1963 the government of the
Congo Republic (Kinshasa), today
Zaire, expelled, allegedly for espion-
age and subversive activity, a Soviet
journalist by the name of Banik
Beknazar-Youebashev, an employee
of two Soviet organizations, both
equally "public", Novosty and the
KGB. In five years time he died I.
Moscow, officially from blood
cancer. Unofficially, according to
rumors circulated in Novosty, the
cause of death was a strange incur-
able disease inocculated into him in
a Congo prison by the African
"brothers" as a sign of their gra-
titude for his far too active work
towards Sovietization of the young
African state, "independent" for
the decadent West, but destined by
the Kremlin theoreticians to become
a part of the Soviet empire.
In May, 1963 another African
country-Kenya-expelled another
"journalist"-spy, an employee of
Novosty Press Agency, whose name
was diplomatically not even men-
tioned in the Kenya press. In March,
1966 Kenya had to expell another
Novosty-KGB man, this time his
name was known to the media-
Youri Kuritsin.
In 1964, Washington received
Soviet diplomat, deputy chief editor
of the "Soviet Life" magazine, pub-
fished by the USSR Embassy in the
USA. His time was Boris Kar-
povich and he was former deputy
chairman of Novosty Press Agency.
Comrade Karpovich lasted as a
"journalist" only till January 1965,
to be expelled as "persona non
grata", which is a nice way to say
"for espionage and subversion".
In 1965, a humorous and ex-
tremely sociable Soviet journalist
,
n
a. No wonder: Vladimir
from APN, Boris Korolyov, known yov remained and became known in Simonov was a KGB officer, whose
by the nick-name in Moscow as the press as a strong "critic" of the duty was not so much reporting
"ant", arrived in Ottawa. His exiled Soviet classic-Alexander from India, as attracting Indian
affiliation to the KGB was well Solzhenitsyn. The slanderous in- public figures and politicians into
known to the RCMP and for that situations be Boris Korolyov had the Soviet orbit. For that activity
matter, even to the press. But due to been published both by "solid" Simonov had to five separately from
an extremely busy schedule- Canadian papers, such as Globe &. the usual Soviet diplomatic anthill,
Canadian media was too busy criti- Mail, and the yellow-red tabloids' in a spacious bungalow with Indian
cizing the Southern neighbor like "Canadian Tribune -a com servants and two cars. According to
USA-the Soviet spy enjoyed tradi- munist newspaper existing on the:
tional Canadian hospitality. During Soviet Embassy's money. see NOVOSTY, P. 2
Dismantling of FBI Makes
KGB U. S. Operations Easier
CIA Disarray Threatens U.S. Securi
by Janette Sheeran gence needs, today it is in a state of Graham said the major threat to
disarray, and this is causing a teri- the CIA is the loss of morale among
WASHINGTON-Stolen CIA out threat to our national well CIA agents who "used to believe
documents and a negative image of being," Symms said. they were doing something great for
clandestine activities pose a "serious Graham said that the sale of a their country."
threat to the nation's well being," a manual describing the capabilities "Clandestine intelligence is being
former deputy CIA director and a of a key U.S. spy satellite to the put under the gun and being made a
congressman charged recently. Soviet Union was a "major blow to wicket and nasty thing to do," he
In a news conference sponsored our ability to monitor Soviet said. "Worse than penetration [into
by ^the American Conservative compliance with any arms limitation the CIA by Soviet spies] is the
by Lee Edwards
While the Justice Department
persists in its persecution of former
FBI officials for alleged illegal
eavesdropping practices during
previous administrations, the KGB
and other Soviet-bloc agents are
steeping up their espionage ac-
tivities in the United States.
American intelligence sources, as
quoted in the American in-
telligence sources, as quoted in the-
Reader's Digest, estimate that "of
Sovjpt nationals qtly
all
edjoying 8iplomatic immuni tom
arrest and prosecution, fully 65
percent are KGB and GRU of-
ficers."
But the FBI, by reason of new
legal restrictions, faltering Bureau
morale and an understandable
reluctance of American citizens to
cooperate, are not tracking these
foreign spies as they once did.
George Hiscott IV, a member of
the Association of Former In-
telligence Officers, has put the
number of "foreign adversary
agents on station" in the U.S. at
1,400, not including "their U.S.
contacts and sub-agents," and
others posing as seamen, tourists
and visitors from Communist
countries.
But the U.S. Congress as well as
Justice and the news media have
and Rep. Steve Symms, R-Idaho, The manual was sold to the Sov- intelligence community." other lawenforcement agencies are
called for congressional hearings on iets last February in Greece by
- N...,? ... n aim curresRunaenrs,
critics would simply like the C.I.A. who have been describing Soviet
to cease to exist---giving the prosperits in the 1970s as cheerfully
Russians and their allies virtually a as they described it back in the
free hand in the world. 1930s, the proportion of consump-
Conservatives, on the other hand, Lion in the Soviet GNP has, even
usually rise to the C.I.A.'s defense, according to Soviet propaganda,
seeing the transparent nonsense been declining every year since 1929.
inherent in the criticism from the Yet the C.I.A. was suggesting in
left. Unfortunately, while the 1974 that the Soviet regime, allocat-
criticism from the left is clearly ing to civilian production only those
wrong, the C.I.A. itself is hardly resources which were rejected for
worthy of wholehearted support. In military use, had been spending the
its pursuit of intelligence, the C.I.A. same proportion of its GNP on mill.
has been guilty of a very haphazard fury purposes as the fabulously
performance. The nation has been wealthy, semi-pacifist, consumer.
misled perhaps more often than it oriented U.S."
has been informed.
In 1974, in secret testimony, the Mr. Navrozov, in an important
C.I.A. calculated that "Soviet
defense spending" might well be as article entitled "What the C.I.A.
low as 6 per cent of the "Soviet Knows appeared in About the Russia,September" which
issue of
gross national product," the same COMMENTARY, declares that,
percentage which the U.S. was ._ _
recent "breaches of national C.I.A. clerk William Kampiles for y ' at Does the CIA Know About the Soviet Union?
security" in the CIA. $3,000. Kampiles, 24, was recently
Major cutbacks in CIA personnel convicted and sentenced to 40 years
by the Carter administration last in prison. Soviet-American strategic ratio can
year were cited as a major cause in "The Soviets would have paid by Allan C. Brownfeld only have been made by, as Lev
the decline of intelligence capabilit- millions for that manual," Graham Navrozov, who left the Soviet
ies. said, "They now know the capa- The C.I.A. is, unfortunately, Union in 1972, notes, "paying, say,
"Where one year ago the C.I.A. bilities of the spy [satellite] so they receiving the wrong kind of a Soviet. doctor a weekly salary
was in a state of flux caused by the can avoid verification [under the re
administration's disregard of intelli- SALT treaty]." criticism. which bought (as of 1974) one
KGB Step Up Activites
Non-communist Southeast Asian
governments have been genuinely
concerned about a marked increase
I. Soviet intelligence activities in the
regin.
Early this month, Philippine
martial law President Ferdinand
Marcos tabled at the provisional
pro-government National Assembly
in Manila a bill attempting to curb
seditious "propaganda," banning,
among other things, foreign financ-
ing of local political activities in the
country.
However, because of its failure to
monitor the movement of so-called
"diplomats and officially accredited
journalist" from the Soviet bloc,
the new measure will hardly affect
the local KGB. In the immediate
past, observers recalled, a number
of Russian "diplomats" and
"journalists" stationed in Manila
were exposed as KGB operatives.
The Kremlin has used the tactic of
"cultural exchanges" to subvert the
Most of those who attack it do so American umbrella (costing $1.90 in
from the left, arguing that it is New York) or half an Italian nylon
somehow "illegitimate" for a great raincoat (costing $2.40 in Rome).
power such as the U.S. to have an Contrary to countless books and re-
pro-U.S. Buddhist kingdom of
Thailand. This past July, Thai
Foreign Minister Uppadit Pachari-
yangkun declared that "despite
repeated persuasion" from Soviet
diplomats, his government "doss
not think it necessary to sign a
cultural agreement with the Soviet
Union."
The "suggestion" to open
cultural ties between the two coun-
tries were made by they Soviets in
1976. But, the Bangkok National
Review reported, "no agreement
has been reached because the Soviet
Union refused to let Thai authorities
search members of its cultural
groups before entering the county
for security reasons."
Two weeks ago, immediately
after presenting his credentials,
Yuriy 1. Kuznetsov, the new Soviet
ambassador, urged Thai Prime
Minister Gen. Kriangsak - Cham-
anand to reconsider the Thai rebuff.
"Thailand," Kriangsak later told
the press, "is willing to cooperate if
see KGB, p. 3
The fact is, as we now know, that""' between 1967 and 1977, the Soviet about the Soviet economy or the
war economy moved from a 1.6 Soviet regime and to close one's eyes
inferiority vis a vis the U.S. to a 3:2 to what even an American tourist
superiority. Since the Soviet confined within Soviet Tourlandia
economy is much less efficient per could easily find out provided he
worker, the giant leap to reverse the can do elementary arithmetic."
- - - Finally, in 1976, the C.I.A. told
the peak of the Soviet invasion into In 1966, in New Delhi there was a
Czechoslovakia, in August 1968, the youngish, handsome and snobish
Ottawa Press-Club kindly offered Soviet journalist, a correspondent
its premises to comrade Korolyov to of Novosty Press Agency, named
organize a banquet in honor of Vladimir Simonov. It would be a
another Soviet spy, arriving in waste of time to look for him at the
Canada: "Pravda" correspondent Novosty headquarters on Barak-
Konstantin Geivandov. It is not hamba road number 25. There were
known, how successful the com- not many reports or publication by
rades were as spies, but Geivandov Simonov in the Soviet press about
was expelled in 1974
while Korol- I
di
-5 In this issue
A Theocratic
Iran ................. 4
Carter's Spy
Pique ................4
Since the U.S. opened 40 of its
ports to Soviet ships in 1972, KGB
agents posing as seamen have been
able to ply their trade on American
soil. In 1976 alone, more than
25,000 Soviet seamen came ashore.
Furthermore, in 1977, with the
passage of the McGovern amend-
ment, Communist "visitors" were
allowed into the U.S. without any
request by the State Department for
a waiver,
AFL-CIO head George Meany
charged that the McGovern
ame, qqqqt "
permits Soviet
to come fd jtis country ih tfie gidse
of 'trade union representatives'
despite the fact that Soviet 'unions'
are not genuine workers
organizations but instrumentalities
of the Soviet state designed to
enforce labor discipline."
In March 1978 alone, according
to the Daily World, the official
publication of the American
Communist Party, 30 Soviet
"autoworkers" visited Detroit.
In July 1978, in an all-too-ram
display of internal security concern,
the Senate reestablished the curbs by
passing an amendment offered by
Senate minority leader Howard
too zealous in trying to find out why Baker of Tennessee.
these foreign agents are visiting In the fall of 1977, the New York
factories, wining and dining Times dramatically reported that
Congressional aides, and getting, the Soviet Union was
chummy with officers of American "systematically intercepting the
companies that make strategic
hardware, they will regret it. see FBI, p. 2
us that its previous calculations Consider, for example, the chart
were, indeed, wrong. Yet, how is it of Soviet "growth in per-capita
that the C.I.A. was able to make a food consumption since 1965." Mr.
mistake in each of the preceding Navrozov compared the C.I.A.
fourteen years? chart with that issued officially by
Mr. Navrozov argues that the the Soviet Union. He discovered
C.I.A. has, in fact, been presenting that, "The C.I.A. chart was based
to the American people not the on Soviet propaganda pamphlets
results of any sophisticated in- which we had laughed at in grade
telligence network but, quite to the school and then never looked at
contrary, has been giving as Soviet again (they are available in English
Approved For Release 2004/10/13 : CIA-RDP88-01315R00020055000-1=5-
 Novosty Press Agency's International Propag
,,an
,Aa pj
ve
some Western journalists, surtioneve
in Delhi at that time, Simorrov's
methods of "recruiting" were
primitive, naive and rude. Maybe it
,a true. But by 1975 India was reach.
ing the peak of anti-Weaternism,
despite the subtlety of the western-
era, and possibly thanks to the
"rudeness" of the Soviet methods
of hand-twisting. Comrade
Simonov's stay in India was cloud-
less all the way till 197 1. Later he re
emergel in Canada as a "press:
officer' of the USSR Embassy in
Great a.
In 1967, Alexci Kazantiev was
expelled from Ghana for alleged
espionage. Kazantaev also was serv-
ing the two bosses-one in APN,
the other in KGB.
In 1 976, during the "Expo-67"
international exhibition in Mon-
treat, a number of Novosty Press
Agency officers were functioning as
intelligence gathering experts by the
orders of the KGB, Some of the.
were stationed in the holds of
"Pushkin", the ociesen cruiser
docked in Montreal port, and
operated a gigantic electronic com-
P,ex for overhearing and analyzing
te le_co. munications within
Canada.
At the end of 1967 an employee of
Novosty-KGB, Viktor Dubograi,
was assigned to Vietnam. Allegedly
in Hanoi as a correspondent of the
APN but according to voterces-in
the so-called "liberated areas" of
South Vietnam as one of the "in-
structors" in intelligeme. At the
very time the Soviet leaders were
talking about peace and denouncing
the US "war crimes", the Soviet
KGB was hurriedly creating a stand-
by force of mass terror in the image
of the KGB itself. As it had become
~
evident in 1975, the KGB efforts
were successful.
On May 5, 1968, in Moscow, an
employee of the APN by the name
of Yourri Beemenov, was given in-
structions from a ROB officer
"attached" to him-Eduard
Siclorov, which is the normal prac-
eire which every APN journalist
working with foreign delegations.
The APN employee was instructed
to find out from an Indian guest of
the APN, Mohan Kumamman-
galam, to what extent he could
influence his brother. The brother
was General Kumwamangalam,
who at that time was the Chief of
General Staff of the Indian Armed
Forces. The KGB was also interest-
ed in whether Mohan was able to
influence the Indian Government
New
From FLF
In this booklet Neil Salonsen, President of the Freedom
Leadership Foundation dimusems the mie of ideology in
world affain. Assessing the ideological nature of the
challenge of Communism, Mr. Salonere calls for an ideological
responses, His comments cover a wide range of pertinent
topics; such as The relationship between mortality and foreign
policy, the definition of national interest, and the uses, of
force. Mr. Salonem proposes principles on which to base a
I
now, more creative and viable foreign policy.
into purchasing the Soviet-made
plarres-Tupollev" and "Illushin"
for the state-owned Air-India, one
of whose directors was Mohan
Kumarmangalam. AFN itself was
interested in inciting the guest to
write a book about the Soviet
Union's "magnificent achievements
in a historically~vhort period of
time", and for that purpose
Novosty had spent an enormously
large sum of money to pay for the
guest's free trip in the USSR and
stays in the best Soviet hotels and
resor s.
In June 1968, by the orders from
the KGB, Novotty journalists were
trying to find out the answer to one
question during their talks with
This list could go on and on. all
the way up to this very day, when in
some of the 130 countrics of the
world some Novotty Press Agency
employee is being caught red-
handed doing something "incom-
I partible with the status olf a journal-
ist". The latest case registered by
the author, was the case of APN
correspondent Alexander Machi
kine, wrested in Japan whe he
tried to buy secret information from
a junior officer from the US air-
craft-carrier Midway docked in
Yokohama.
These are just a few, inobabisr'not
the most spectacular or scrisational
,instances, illuminating the nature of
Novosty business. What kind of a
foreign diplomats and journalists: ' "NewsAgcri is it?
"How would their countries react if The geographical location of
the USSR "actively" influenced the
internal politics in Czachosilo-
sakiii Evidently, the KGB, was
satisfied with the "public opinion
poll", for on August 23, 1968,
Soviet ranks were already crashing
through the streets of Prague. On
the morning of August 28, the APN
collective was saying last goodbys to
two of their collegues who were
burned alive when their Army heli-
copter crashed near Prague. The
chopper was carrying a load of
propaganda literature, printed in
Dresden and disguised as being
from levy organization of Creche-
sloverldrin "Patriots" who were wel.
coming the Soviet Army invasion.
One of the APN employees who
died in the crash was Kali
Nepomnyashchi, an old-time ROB
officer.
Ideology
from p. 6
how deep this liberationist ~r
moralist impulse is in Marx - it
.
infused all his writings and was me
ultimate motivation for the Mon
"scientific" economic, political and
social investigations of the major
later writings such as Das Kapital. If
this moralist impulse controlt the
science, then the question arises as
to just how scientific the so called
"iscience" If Marxism is. And if
Marxism is not a science, then the
application of this theory to
political, and social affairs will be
guided not by a passion for
scientific truth. but by an adherence, -
to purpose, property regarded as the
natural domain of Une propagandist.
If Marxism partakes as much of
propaganda as it doe, of science,
these why should we regard this
particular propagandistic stance to
be a better one than any other, e.g.
Christianity, or capitalism or
fascism?
The marriage of science and
propaganda in Marx produces an
evere more virulent mixture, I
submit, than either false science or
bad moralism alone.
Sumly one important ,ease. that
Marx and Marxists want to insist
that Marxism is a science is this
desire to preserve the system from
criticism and from overturn because
of criticam or because of unh py
results wit I 'or into Practice %. a
social or political system. Man
believes, following the nineteenth.
century re 'on' ,hat if smimthing is
ot'
a science then it embodies necessary
truths that ,a not open 1. criticism
and revision ' If Marxism wen
indeed such a science, then
criticizing it would be pointless. But
even the most "certain" sciences,
such a physics
pro~iaguvtovv .1raii t.o
have a ai .1 mpe
character, so that if som, discovery
is made in the future that .ve,t.,na
even the most i
Novosty Press Agency is a sort of
spatial trick: headquarters of the
APN ]mated at Pushkin Square,
right behind the ultra-modern
Russia movie lbeatre (or at latest it
was there where the author was
leaving Moscow in March 1969),
while the "Imanclues" of Novosty,
remolding to the official Charter,
are located in the capitals and major
cities of 130 countries of the world -
Yet Novosty foreign bureaus are tie
most cases not called "Noi at
, had
~
all-for they are attac e to or
constitute the entirety of the In-
formation Departments of the
USSR embassies all over the world,,.
.
Thmi it is similarly oic -
the APN exists simultaneously in
several mass. One can find within
Novenity elements of p"'hisumi7l
Communism, war-Communism of
of religion and belief in God, are
followed Feuerbach. Featerbach had
criticized religion as essentially
spiritualistic and as de-maturing
man; as detracting from man's
dignity and value as nown. Here-
religion and spiritualism were men
as essentially alien to man; ,he only
real being is man himself.
Seeking man's dignity or essential
nature as somehow related to some
spiritual entity or being or value
outside of man is thus foreign to
Man; in fact Man and Engels
argued in the Communist Manifesto
that religion only helped keep the
proletariat in bondage. Therefore
man's dignity, that is the true
development and evolution and
. T_
~
refe-asece maecclignhy,-depend-son
man's becoming free of dre b=ge
of religion and spiritualism, as
the spiritualism ,!mind in H I "
even that of ,he Yourns . ~aliarms~~
such as Brm. Better. Mae.
criticized Bitter for retaining a kind
of spiritualism even though he had
inverted Heg;,'s, dialectic. Marx
instead insisted on a material
development of man and of history
and society.
The extent, development and
nature of Marx's atheism need not
be investigated here because our
ce, cern is with the final outcome
and its effect on any concrete
embodiment of Marx's ideology in -
political entity. So it may be entirely
possible that Marx himself remain
a belie"' in some fashion or mhV
lhr.u g hout his life; his
philosophical effect is to promote
atheism as a condition for liberation
of the proletariat from the op-
pression of capitalism. So Marxism
became a philosophy of not just
pa surve or tolerant atheism, but one
of militant opposition to theis' and
religion as barriers to the -_
,
cipation of man from those to' et;
which suppress him and his'
devel?,preni Then, there is in
M ... w itself a strong bias
against all forms of religion and all
--- -
such revision red, ir~'~tioi I~ attempts to search for or ground the
made (I say "in principli" because value ?,fdman or man's activity in
such 'revisions are not quickly or any kin of theistic or spiritual
lightly made, but they are not ex, basis-
eluded er prii but I Marx and Our concern here must be what
Marxists seem to feel hat because t
Marxism is a science, basic re i his militantly anti-spiritualistic
are a priori excluded). 2"'Othe drive in Marx's work does to lk is
conception of the value of the in-
moralism of Marx vitiates his dividtial person or individual man.
science in more than trivial ways. It Some critics of Marxism have
makes the applicat~unl arm ism
. If M ' claimed that Marx has no view of
in social or poll, syste a a
questionable activity because suth ,,he f idere iun~dividual, but, as
v"Zh' rs .
political entities have .dam al a forcefully, this
v ends. the r to is incorrect. The existence of living
oppress individ .= or
groups that woul~ pom a fun- human individuals is the first
damental challen c to the system pmmisc of all human history, Marx
9
I
. .
"""n and in fact it makes it likely that c mass'
F hose political entities will take But even though living human
I Send $2 for Ideology and Foreign Policy special measures to ensure that such individuals may be the preardive of
challenges are not stated, because, all human history, if one sees that
after all, they will be held to 1) history as operating by laws that
unscientific and therefore unworthy lead to social classes, conflicts
of consideration.
To his point most briefly, between those classes, andt the
so' up I necessary triumph of one of how
,he combination of presum 'I--s over another, and then the
science and moral or rhetoritl dictator,
I prossion in Marx, with I e rhetorical w hip of the proletariat, all
hich Marx believes and it daZ
or propagandistic goal over- argues must take place, then that
powering the science, is a perfect human individual with which one
J recipe for Insularism. :tartedI. quickly refeade from the
Mer"'Arheism, cere. owever uch Lemores, like
- In his vi__ of the place and value Schaff may want to claim otherwise,
post-revolutionary era, middle-ages
with its inquisitions and witch-
hunts, fascist mich with its own
Goebelses, something from demo-
cracy of today's West, and even cer-
min elements of Orwellian-type
future-the newsperek and remodel-
ing of history.
The very name of Novosty Press
Agency is a beautiful example of the
newspeak and reminds one of either
of Orwell's "Ministry of Truth" or
Evtushenko's "Ministry of Tender-
ri-s". The fact is, that there is no
news as they are erroneously and
non-marxistlike understood in the
West-as reports about the current
events. This sort of news could
easily contradict the prophesies of
the founders of Marxism-Lemendism,
and thus give a wrong and totally
onset retific, picture of reality.
Neither is there any "press" in
Novoity Press Agency, at least in
the meaning of the word accepted in
the West and related to journalistic
profession. But it does not mean
th t th APN has no press. "Press is
th: most potent weapon of our
Party", and the Friend and Teacher
of all the journalists Joseph
Vissarionovitch Stalin-and he wiis
right. In the APN the word press is
understood mainly as a technical
term-printing press, or as an
abstract term in a sentence: ... rha
Soviet Press is the most truthful
press in the world", a slogan that
decorates walls of many editorial
offices in the USSR.
The only word most relevant to
a . ..
the ct vines of the APN is
"agency". To understand better the
this trend in Marxism toward
ignoring the individual, and even
suppressing him if he gets in the way
of historical progress, is over-
whelming.
-
Spiritualistic conceptions of man
in which man's value is derived
from or somehow relates to spirit or
~o God have the ability to snecify
he value of the concrete indiv dual
apart from his place as a producing
unit, operating in history, which is
approximately what Man must say
the concrete individual is. In,
Christianity, for "ample, each
person is inherently valuable
because he is, bifore anything eb";
a child of God. This is not to sa
that actual Christian ;actt thas
b- faithful td this in ,it. act
it may be true that it has be;rayed it
more often than it has recognized it,
especially when it .lied the p`_
poses of some powerful group to
betray it. But it is significant that in
such cases one can speak of the
betrayal of basic principles. In the
... e I ist states' suppression
of I Z rather than speak of
nd.vi=.
the betrayal of basic principles one
can point to the anti-spiritualism of
Marx and the lack, therefore, of an
independant concept of the value of
a person based on his spiritual
nature, and claim that this betrayal
of the eight, If individual, is e,ai
h hurt', expect tender tho c
circumstances, i.e. given the
w at one ""
ideology the betrayal of the value
of the ijviclual in favor of the
state -- totalitarianism, in short -- is
exactly what one should expect.
Schaff, in trying to find a basis in
Marxism for reaffirming the value
of the human individual, reasserts
Marx's humanism. This humanism
is especially apparent in Marx's
early writing. This point is correct
(see above, the discussion of Marx's
dual motivation), but not decisive.
There are two kinds of humanism;
FBI _
telephone calls of millions of
Americans.
"Neithei President Carter nor
President Ford before him" the-
Zee charged, "has taken any
known steps to protect the rights
and privacy of American citizens
from Russian snoops."
The Soviets use interception
equipment on top of their
Washington embrusty, their U.N.
offices in New York City, their
residen"s in Long Island, in the
Brom and Maryland, and at their
consultates in San Francisco and
Chicag . I
Sen. Daniel P. Moynihan, a
member of the Senate Select
Committee on Intelligence, warned
!hat Soviet espionage has involved
'the wholesale invasion" of in-
dividuals, businesses, stock ex-
rbang" her and probably the
press, .~iver`aikliev and other centers
of information throughout the
nation.
In light of these disturbing and
continuing developments, a
comprehensive task report by the
56AHRM13 : ClA-RAd6ca~1%d&wweskd'h9 State
nature of the occupation of some
500 journalists, 2500 editors and
copy boys, 1000 typists and secratter-
ies and close to 3000 technical sffv-
ice staff and auxilary workers; let us
have a closer look at the semantics
of this term. According to the Ety-
mological Dictionary of Russian
Language by C.P. Tsiganenko. page
16:
., Agency ... agent-a trusted
body, or a person. The word
borrowed from Germans at
the beginning of the seven
teentlet Century A.D. , 'Act-
ing" participal from the word
11agem" -any force in nature
or society, which causes move-
revent. See also ' Agita~hm' I ,ai
Let us we the mearring 0
tation'. The word we ideall sea,
has a lot to unite i'he"APN with the
department of Agit tion and Pro-
pagancla of the Ce=I Committee
of the Communist Party of the
Soviet Union-Agitprop. The rela-
tion between the two, the word and
the department, is not Only
screaretic, but administrative aa well.
"An activity with a purpose of
SO:
political upbringing of the
masses. From Latin,
'Agitatio' - movement, acti-
vity. In 1i noun from
the verb ,~em _ I excite, in-
cite, provoke. . ."
Now we have got to a very inter-
es,fing word-Provoke". Let eas
'Novosty' is Russian for
'News'. - NOVOSTY, p. 3
one is a humanism blamed on
spiritualism, in which man is
valuable because he is given value by
God (or a God-surrogate); the other
is a humanism such as that of
Feuerbach and Marx which tries to .
separate man from any God or
antecedent spiritual reality, feeling
that to fail to do so is to derrim,
man. It is worth noting as a
historical trend that it is states bassed
on the first kind of humanism, the
western democracies (all of which
have oriii or strong connections
with Christianity or with ideologies
or principles based more-or-laris on
concepts of individual value derived
from or compatible with
Christianity), that have been best
able to resist totalitarianism. When
they b,
na,m succumbed~
totalitarianism (e.g. Germany,
Italy, and .Sp in under fascist
rogir"i is Mause they have
abandon their Christian (or
pmto-Christian) insights in favor of
statism, i.e. the view that the state's
value takes precedence ova the
value of the individual as a concrete
entity "endowed by (his) Creator
with ... inalienable rights." Two
Western revolutions are startling
examples of the expression of these
two different humanisms: the
American Revolution, based on the
Deistic humanism of Jefferson and
others resulted in a state which,
whatever its other deficiencies, is the
!cast totalitarian and most tolerant
in the world with regard to in-
d, .d,
ivi und expression and activity; the
French Revolution, based on the
more-or-less atheistic humanism of
Rousseau resulted in the Reign of
Terror, However much Marxist and
other atheistic ideologists want to
argue against and dispute them
things, they remain as, clearly
factual as am any facts of history or
of social and political affairs.
Marx's humanism follows Rousseau
much more than it follows Jef-
fersem.
private I `g a
Friends of the FBI, is most
mn-proflt 0 wiz tion,
welcome. Authored by several of
our nation's leading internal
security experts, including Otto
Otepka, Herbert Philbrick and
Phillip Abbott Luce, the FOF study
calls for:
(1) An end to prosecution of FBI
personnel; (2) the launching by the
administration of a national
educational campaign to inform the
public of the prewar real threat to
our internal security; (3) rein-
forcement of anti-terrorist '
deterrence; (4) revival of the in.
ternal 'security committees in
Congress; (5) restoration of
warrantless surveillance of
suspected security risks; (6) the,
renewed use of intelligence files and
records dealing with terrorists and
other dangerous elements.
A ROB officer publicly boursted in
early 1978:
.."Today our boys have it t lot
sier, and we didn't have to ft a
finger. You did all our work for
US."
It's past time that our g ververneent
stopped doing the KGB's job for
them, and let the FBI and our other
law enforcement agencies get about
their job of protecting us from
encennies, foreign and domestic.
Henry Romer, formerly with the
International Harald Tribune, is a
Wwhington biaredfree-lance, writer.
Certain countries seem to capture
the world's imagination for a few
brief years before receding into the
bacic.round and this has been true
of Israel, China, and Tibet. Even
America was on he list once if you
go back a bit.
In Africa, the "in" state was long
Tanzania based on the supposed
achievements the highly-touted
.'and. system practiced them had
carried out. But with the knowledge
that these achievements wer com-
posed of words "her than deeds,
Trumermia has slipped from favor to
be replaced by i eighbor M tam-
is n 02
bique, a former Portuguese colony.
certainly ask in their own country.
The answers to some of these
questions might have shed light for
example on why 220,000 former
Portuguaw inha~itwrta have fled
Mozambiq ue since its inde-
pendence, or suggested the where-
abouts of 240 native opposition
handers to Frelimo, the present
ruling party, or showed why
Mozambique which has yet to carry
out land reform needed 20 million
dollars in U. S. food aid. The Port-
uguese refugees certainly didn't take
the plants with them.
Just a few such questions might
create considerable pcrp]!Xity about
why Mozambique is "in.
According to a report which
appeared in The New York Times
last year, Rhodesian troops creme . as
the border to raid Rhodesian guer-
illa bases ]ocated inside Morster-
bique were greeted by the local
A number of American students popula- as Potential liberators.
and journalists have now made a Some of these may have 0 been
pilgrimage to Mozambique, and members of the RNM, the M zam-
returned to tell of the El Dorado ore bique resistance movement which
the Indian Ocean. They appear to although the government denies it,
have had the courtesy not to ask the controls much of the countryside.
sort of unpleasant, penetrating Some may also have had friends or
questions which they would almost family members imprisoned in one
of the 20 "reeducation" (read con- In one of his newspaper columns,
centeration) camps in the country Rowark mentioned that the health
sometimes referred to as Frallence's services in Mozambique were much
Galas. A Norwegian Member of better than they used to be. They
Parliament, Paul Thymess, stated even earned his praise. Presumably
that there were 100,000 prisoners in he was not referring to the inmates
them forced to labor 12 hours per of Mozambique's concentration
day. ~ ~ camp system. Earlier this year at the
Recently Carl T. Rowan, World Health Congress in Geneva,
w an delegate the
. evicare columnist a t in the Mozambique (to
0 annoyance of delegates of other
=Mbique, and interview% the poor couptries) asked that special
country's sexy, American born
. ~ .. aid be given Mozambique to combat
information neirdwster Janet tm,i its widespread medical deficiencies.
me. Mondlane, how poll are
of the far left, did not mention any What Mozambique really is a
of this, at least not in the dom. base for the Soviet Union and a
mentary, which Rowan made fur- "springboard for Soviet interests in
thering the cause of the Rhodesian Southern Africa" writes Jan Do
guerilla, Nkomo and Mugable. Plessis of the Foreign Affairs Insti-
According to Mrs. Mondlane, the tute. The Soviets have the use of the
main problems of Mozambique Nacala deep water naval base in
were a lack of toilet paper, and a Northern Mozambique which has
shortage of scup, and wheat. It was been called "the strategic key to the
like saying that the main trouble Mediterranean Frelienn' "' ""
with a desert was the lack of drive-in legal party has become a Soviet
banks. , I Marxist type of political organ-
- I ization.
The natural question is how these,
myths start? When do "In" the truth about Mozambique
countries get their publicity which' can't be hidden forever. Where the
after further examination often next "In" country will be is the
proves to be highly misleading. question.
Tunnels for Aggressions
Undercutting China's frantic
effort to woo skeptical Thailand,
Vietnam's Premier Pham Van Dong
madean unprecedented :tatement, in
Bangkok . "We don It upport he
Thai .be[' ," he asserted. Visiting
the kingdom on the hesels of Doni
trip, China's Vice Premier Tens
Haim-ping scornfully warned.
;'Don't trust him. Doug is a great
iiiii Thereupon Radio-Hati
angrily retorted, "The greatest lial
on earth is Ten& Hsiao-ping."
In fact, telling lies has been part
and parcel of the communist way of
life. Tens has lied - because while
munification of Korea," a large,
bomb-prmf underground passage,
,dug through granite rock by Kim's
men, was exposed by the U.N. mili-
tary command. The 2km.-Ion
tunnel, originating from the north!
em sector of the DMZ and .tend.
ing 435m southward into the
southern sector, is only 45kne away
from Seoul, capital of South Korea.
Presenting irrefutable evidence to
the 391st armistice commission
assembled in Panmunjom - not far
from the tunnel - U.S. Rear Eder.
Warren C. Hamm charged that th
tunnel, through which at least arli~!
ision of fully aimed troops could
Pam each hour "attested to North
Korea's war scheme.,,
At first. Pyongyang dismissed the
whole incident as "fiction." But
U.S- Rear Adm. Warren C. Hamm charged that
~
-
the - 611- diio-iigh 'which at least a division of
. I
fully armed troops could pass each hour, "attested
to North Korea's war scheme."
extending the olive branch to South-
cast Asia China continued to
provide a haven for Southeast Asian
communist insurgents. So has ones
- many Vietnamese agents have
been caught redhanded trying to
smuggle gold been; and weapons to
I
Malayan and Thai rebels. Recently;
North Korea's Kim II-surs, anothe
notorious liar, cclipwd Tei and
I ,,
Does with his "tunne story.
As Kim launched from Pyong-
yang a new "campaign for peaceful
when the U.S. command came up
with details in diagram and on
videotape, it beat a haesty~,,Kcitrew.
The party-led (North) oreart
Women Union" trumpeted, "The
tunnel was dug by none other ( halt
the (South Korean) puppets." On
November 4, 1978, Notions Sin-
mun, the party newspaper, stated,
"The tunnel was dug by the U.S '
aggressors." Four days later,
Pyongyang again changed its tune.
"It (the tunnel) was dug by either
the U.S. army or the South Korean
puppetamy.11
Usually Peking and Moscow -
which have maintained military and
Political al:iantcoe dwith North Korea
were qu it efend their surro-
gate. This time, however, dey
remained embarrassingly silent. A
Russian visiting delegation led ,,y
V.G. Krylov left Pyongyang
without mentioning the tunnel
affair. Some observers linked
China' v silence to a discreet meetisig
in Osaka between Tans and former
South Koran Prime Minister Kim
Cheing-pil - whom Radio-Pyri
yang has called "the pro-Japat eae
traitor." At the time, Kim was
visiting Japan at the head of a 148-
member South Korean friendship
mission.
Evere if China and the Soviet
Union felt like echoing North
Korean lies, they would be hard put
to do so. FerrOveyocissistlyetteIrtbild
,
tunnel was not a first one. Two
other tunnels were discovered in
November 1974 and March 1975.
Tunneling would enable the north to
infiltrate - as it did 10 years a:o
with a 3 I-member commando equ 4
which reached Sernel-and launches,
a surprise attack on U.S. and South
Korean troops from behind their
lines.
The U.N. command has collected
solid information that the com-
I inginim, nature
tunnels. Most alarming is that they
ou'ront, were digg m
were in no mood to stop digging.
Said Minju Chosion in Pyongyang,
"Even if the imperialists and
puppets cook up ten or evei a
hundred tunnel incidents, this will
notaffectus."
Actually, the tunnel uproar las
:eriously affected North Korea's
b. sedy runs ed credibility abroad,
Smile Koreals effort to stir up
awareness of Pyongyang's commit-
ment to war was not lost on ,he non-
aligned movement, as well as a U.S.
Congressional delegation's pre-
Thanksgiving visit to Seoul. As
President Pak put it last month in
Alturry 21, 1111-11MR111,11 1111E., ,,,-v
History Repeats Itself
At Dept. of State
Elmer Fike
Elms,, Fiker J, premderve of F,ke
Chernicats Inc., Nitro, W. Va.
One Liberal columnist has com-
pared the pilgramage of ]- Smith
to the United States with similar
trips of Madame Chiang Kai-shek
from Nationalist China and Diem
from Vietnam. In each case, there
was a nation sympathetic to the
United States being threatened by z
Communist force. There were other
similarities. All three regimes had or
. hav problems within their own
country that were viewed with dis.
favor by certain Liberals in this
cou try. Therefore, they did not
have the full support of our State
Department. Each pilgrimage
received considerable popular
support and in each case, pressure
wa brought on our administration
to give greater support to the
current leadership in each country.
Up to here, them is an .... t
parallel with the current Rhodesian
situation. The columnist attempts to
use these two historical events as a
an interview with the French m-:-
paper Le Figaro, "Communi I
North Korea continued to reject all
proposals for peace ... Thus, con-
tinued security cooperation between
South Korea and the U.S. will
remain as essential as ever to peace
and freedom of the northeastern
Asian region."
we were caught in in the two prece-
dents.
According to this columnist who
is typical of much of this kind of
thought, our Slate Department
yielded to the public pressure at the
time, became involved in supporting
corrupt and weak regimes. The end
result was that the regimes we at-
tempted to support failed because of
their inherent evil nature. our
support eventually pulled us into
disastrous wars - the Korean War
as a result of our China policy and
the Vietnam War.
I perceive that a different scenario
took place. Admittedly, both
Madame Chiang and Diem received
an outpouring of public support and'
enormous pressure was put on the
State Department, but the effect
was minimal. While the career
diplomats save lip service to support
:hew regimes, they never really
tied. In the case of China, the
commitments made by Congress to
support the Nationalist Chinese
wen never carried out. The Under-
secretary of Treasury, Harry Dexter
White who was unquestionably a
menrvb~r of the Communist appara-
tus managed to block the financial
aid authorized by Congress that
might have given financial stability
to Chiang government and kept it
fro fail,
in I'll
in the case of Diem, our State
Department virtually orchestrated
his overthrow. First, they forced
Diem to grant the extremists within
his country the freedom to create
turmoil and then used this turmoil
to discredit him. The final straw was
withdrawal of support which results
in the overthrow and ressaaftation
of Diem. The resulting chain forced
the United States to commit far
greater forces than we had intended.
In the last forty years, we h ve
wen ally after ally sink behind the
Iron Curtain as a result of similar
mishandling - Cuba, Czerho-
slovakia, Yugoslavia, all of eastern
Europe, in addition to China and
Vietnam .
The problem is not that our policy
makers at State listen to the public
and support unworthy and corrupt
righ t-ing governments. The
welfteli date, -hflq-.*?y!2*ei tL
service to the will of the American '
people they continue to follow a
program that results in the ultimate
takeover byC'mmunis .
If our policy maken and State
'
Department would actually chang
their way, and yield to flue public
sentiment generated by Jan Smith's
visit, Rhodesia could no doubt be
saved for the free world and end up
with true representative govern.
men' . If we follow historical prece-
dent of China and Vietnam, our
State Department will give token
support of Rhodesia to satisfy the
public, but will continue their
program of undercutting any
government that is sympathetic to
the West. The end result will be
another important gain by the Com-
munists in their avowed goal of the
destruction of democracy.
Will the World Take Note of Chinese Human Rights Viol&ions?
Many Western intellectuals were
so enthralled by Communism that
they refused to believe the stories of
terror which slowly began emerging
from the Soviet Union even before
the death of Lenin. While some de-
.
parted from the Soviet bandwagon
after the Hitler-St'alin pact, many
,,
continued to support Stalin unit
~
Khrushchev, after Stalin's theme,
told the world the story of his mass
murders and other barbarous acts.
Only when the Communist regime
than in power said that it was sleight
to believe the truth abou Stalin did
many in the West reltrIntly con-
sent to do so.
Much ,he sarre! appehaii be lor",
about Continuous, C Belt m
the death of Mao Tse-tung his ad-
herents, in the West denied the sao-
lies ofmass murder and other,depri-
vations of basic human rights.
i
some, such a, Shirley Laine,
want to Peking and m.Z,m.,ies
telling us how happy the people
were to live under Mao's brand of
Communism. They almost uni-
form advocated the abandonment
2 I
of Taiwan in an effort to ingratia e
ourselves to the Communist leader-
ship.
Now, with Mao's death, Amnesty
International has published a 176-
page report detailing the real status
of human rights in Communist
China. Among the findings am
then!
on political grounds, while cata,
Se'ries of persons described as "class
enemies" have b- deprived of
their political and civil rights on the
basis of "class origin" or political
background.
* - Trials either in secret or in
the form of mass public meetings
too often have permitted no real de-
fense. They have not begun until a
defendant has confessed and their
main purpose is to announce a sen-
tence.
* * Once an arrest well or has
been issued, pretrial cletenteri has
too often been unlimited. Certain
political offenders could be
punished by compulsory labor with-
out judicial investigation. Wide
scope for prctrail detention has
allowed authorities to pressure de-
fendants into confessing before be-
ing brought to trial '
Detention condition, often
fall below standards set by the
United Nations and Chinese law it-
:11.f*rtP,,~,~lholo,icalaadbuse, isolation,
h sel of in d n medicine, and
use of handcuffs and chains have
been reported.
Amnesty International declared
that for 30 years the Chinese Com-
munist regime has systematically re-
pl:,ss,d political dissent, jailing and
ex min, ge numbers of people
!'at view,. The report
'or "ch P'!1T c gin,
stand ,hat, h ernment of the
People's Republic of China is, to-
day, one of those governments
which, in the.last year, has executed
per ons convicted of political ci drawn, where instinetionakired Truth
fen:es. " has again a strong secular arm I I
Among the specific cases ,e- impose dogma, stifle heresy, and
ported: uproot immorality .... Western
4 I Teacher Ho Chun So ve, ideologues now use Maoist China
immediately executed in Februery, just as 18th century philosophers
1978 after a death sentence for used Confucian China: as a myth,
I, abstract ideal projection, a
writi4 and distributing a "couC- an
revolutionary" leaflet. u opia which allow, them to d,-
* * Farmer Tens Ching San vas I h
d ;ounce everyt ins that is bad in the
sentence to 15 years in prison ater "t without taking ,he ,to ble to
his 1970 arrest on charges of vere. think for themselves T '
... his I ar,y-
tiering Chairman Mao. eyed admiration for all that is tZinu,
* * Tibetan Monk Chamba lob- or not done, in China, with no
vand received a life term in pium effort at critical scrutiny---is it really
after a public meeting in 196C ac. the ~cst service one can tender a de-
cused him of "exploiting the masses slitit'sten that already has too much
in the name of religion. " of a propensity to believe in it, own
Why the world has ignorei he infallibility ... 11
tyranny of Communism in Chita Life for the Chinese people is
for so long is difficult to under- more squalid than Americans c I
stand. The fact is that much of he ever understand. Fan Yuar-wr. a
adulationofMaob Wenternerstas Chinese Communist pilot who de.
y fecu,cl with his MIG-19 to Taiwan in
come from those who therowlea
are racist --- and have exhibited rich- 1 977, reported that, "The 800 mil- .
ing but contempt for the Chimse lion on the Chinese mainland are
people. The Belgian Sinol;lskt lbeeaydoi.ng a miserable fif, which is
Simon Leys, in his important d the imagination of foreign
Ii
CHINESE SHADOWS, notes.hat, visitorsf.-Iscasants in many places
"Most of the praise bestowal on ac, d and el.thm...Marry
Mao and his bureaucrats by W-ster. people in rural areas are starving.
ners comes fr Ie w"' "" They .... try to sell their children.
IT peop U
only contempt for Cleinirw peolile nf.,Iunately they often find no
and who are ignorant of Chinew one is able to buy them .... Accord
culture ..... Maoism has a p!culhr ing to the 'constitution,' the main-
fascination for some clericil-mb- land people seem to enjoy freedom
ded souls. Those who harbor a ca- of speech, correspondence, press
tain nostalgia for totalitaiianin and assembly ..... Actually, no such
and unconsciously regret the )assilg freedoms exist.
away of the Inquisition and tie Communist China has for many
Pope's Zouaves will find in Maoit Years been a vast prison --- and the
China the incarnation of a nedievil world has looked away. The U.N.
which denounces Israel, South Nicaragua --- but not to Peking.
Africa and Rhodesia, has never Hopefully, the Amnesty Interna-
Criticized Peking. Instead, it expel- tional report will awaken Americans
led Taiwan to make way for the to the realities of life in Communist
Communist regime. President China.-.and will cause them to ask
Critter has applied hi I ' 'human why their government and press
I Ira d
ights" policy I I an never told them this story before,
Approved For Release 2004/10/13 : CIA-RDP88-01315ROO0200550001-5
 /13 : CIA-R
The task here will be to present utopias that Marxist theoreticians
some features of Marx's work and and revoluionaries hope they will
to suggest the way that they will lead be.
to inhumane results in practice. An
Today in the self-avowedly it must also be admitted that many The Duality of Marx's Purpose
Marxist countries people are per. Marxists would not admit that there Marx's work is motivated by and
sonally, politically and is a problem, arguing instead that infused with a dual purpose.
economically unfree, especially in the task is fundamentally Marxism aspires to be a science
comparison with the non-Marxist misconceived because it assumes which traces the development of
(or anti-Marxist) Western that Marxist states are inferior to capitalism and capitalist economics,
democracies. Yet the works of Karl what Marxists would call pre- trying to show that capitalism
Marx are understood by many revolutionary ones, when indeed contains within itself the seeds of its
people to be a philosophy of social (the Marxists would argue) they are own destruction. In carrying out
and economic and personal not j inferior but superior. The this more-or-less scientific part of
liberation from the perceived obection would be made that the his program, Marx gives a tolerably
inequities of or contradictions of central thesis of this paper denies accurate account of the economic
capitalist (and sometimes feudal) that Marx's work is a science, and features of the capitalism of his day
socio-economic systems. Is this that therefore this thesis is im- as it existed in Western Europe
perceived outcome in the current mediately unscientific and therefore (primarily England, Germany and
avowedly Marxist states the of no value. But it must be admitted France, with some minor comments
authentic outcome of the em- that current Marxist societies do about the United States). In this
'bodiment of Marx's philosophical violate such things as freedom of part of his work, Marx gives insights
and economic theories asa concrete speech, of religion, of publication into the relationship between such
expression in a political institution, and expression, of travel and factors as money and production
or has something gone wrong, so emigration, and of assembly for for use versus production for profit,
that Marx's vision has been purposes of criticism of the state, profits and wages, the interests of
betrayed? Is it the misappropriation and it must be admitted that there capitalists versus the interests of
of Marxist dialectics and criticism are serious economic difficulties in wage-earners, and so on, and these -
Lloyd Eby formerly worked on democracies, so that the question of economic systems, or at least they
the staff of the Freedom Leadership some deleterious result for political apply often enough to make Marx
Foundation. Currently he is pur- and economic affairs if Marx's seem amazingly insightful and
suing a Phd. at Fordham Univer- theories are put into practice is not, prophetic.
city- inappropriate or fundamentally
of the results we see in current
Marxist states, or is there something
in the work of Marx himself that
will or is likely to lead to this result
if it is put into practice? 'It is my
view that the latter is true, that the
current Marxist states, even though
they may be in important ways
betrayals of Marx's hopes and
expectations, are authentic ex-
pressions of central features of
Marx's work. To put it briefly, the
central thesis here is that Marx's
theories, if put into practice as tee
guiding ideology of a political in-
stitution, will naturally lead to
results such as we see in current
Marxist states.
This thesis cannot be proved by
listing the ills of existing states
because it may be possible that those
ills are not the result of those states'
adoption of Marxism as an
ideology. Nor will it do to blame
Marx for every excess committed in
his name (e.g., the events in
Jonestown in Guyana carried out by
Rev. Jim Jones, who according to
press accounts, was much more of a
Marxist than a Christian). But if it
can be shown that important factors
in Marx's thought have con-
sequences that either naturally lead
to bad results in practice, or that
there is no way within Marxist
ideology to prevent such outcomes,
then this will show, I believe, that
these outcomes are authentic to the
Marxist theory.
Critique of Marx as Liberationist
misconceived. Nor will it do to There is, however, a second
claim, as some Marxists would, that motivating factor in Marx's work,
any attack on Marx's theory is and that is a strongly rhetorical or
fundamentally unscientific. One of moral one or emphasis in which
the things at issue here is the ques- tries to make the proletariat
tion of just whether and to what aware of its own misery, using
degree Marxism is a science, and to emotional and rhetorical language
insist that criticism of Marxism is and devices. In this aspect of his
unscientific because it violates the work Marx is a moralist and a
scientific nature of Marxism is to utopian, arguing that the proletariat
argue b tautology, and that won't has the responsibility or duty to rise
do, even if one claism that somehow up against its exploitation by the
dialectics vitiates such tautologies. capitalists. This purpose and tone
If Marxists insist against all argu- infuses the Communist Manifesto-
ment that still Marxism is true, then quite clearly, but it also infuses all
this means that philosophy has been his other work as well.
abandoned and disagreements can
be resolved only in some way other
than argument.
This topic will be pursued by
considering four aspects of Marx's
thought or work: the duality of
m
,
u
as a to moralist or
Marx's purpose, Marx's atheism propagandist he is free to produce
and its effect on the value of per- distorted or pseudo-science if that
sons, Marx's mythology of history, suits his propagandistic purposes.
and Marx's doctrine of production. So we can never be sure that what
Each of these four topics is large we are getting is indeed science.
enough to support a treatment of True science has an open character;
many pages, so they will be merely it is always subject to further testing
outlined here or treated in relatively and falsification. But it is a very real
summary fashion. But, by tem-
perament 1 am more interested in question whether Marxism is open,
the ~~wa n