(Sanitized)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP88-01315R000200460001-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 29
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 21, 2004
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: January 22, 1975
• Content Type: MEMO

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A2iTiCLE APPEARED
"" 8 August 1978
C d e ~ s d?L ~`fL
Carter- Oil Equipment* Decision
Doesn't Worry Soviet Industry
Journal of Commerce Special
The Carter administration's
recent decision to make all oil
equipment sales to the Soviet
Union subject to special gov-
ernment review and a specific
export licence in response to
the Soviet government's im-.
prisonment of dissidents will
not effect the overall develop-
ment of the Soviet oil indus-
. try, according-to Zandar ..
Takoyev, deputy-minister of
the oil industry. ' .
In a recent interview, Mr.
Takoyev said that the kind of
foreign equipment which. the
Soviet Union intends to import
to speed up development and
increase the efficiency of its
oil and gas industry was also
available from other suppliers
in Western Europe, Comecon
and Japan. Any embargo
would merely rebound on U.S.
industry, he added. '
The first major contract to
be affected by President
Carter's decision is the $144
million oil drill bit plant to be
supplied by Dresser Industries
(although it appears that this
sale will be permitted to go
through).
But Mr. Takoyev also re-
ferred to Sen. Henry Jackson's
demand for' a ban on the
export of submersible pumps.
"Mr. Jackson should not try to
bully us. We shall be produc-
ing 10,000 submersible pumps
ourselves this year and a big
new plant is due to come on
stream in. Tatara next year
which will cover all out
needs," he said.
According to a recent CIA
discussion a r presented to
the East- est rade Adviso
ommittee, the Soviet Union i
purchas i ion worth of
western oil an as equpmeat,
an know-how pus a further
$4 billion worth of large die-'
meter pipe in the 1972/76..
period. The : share on
amounted to $550 million. But
this includes over 1,000 sub-
mersive purros wit a ' tm;
capacity ,of more than 3 mil-
on rre s Qer day w, is
have played a significant role
in sta itizung production o the
a m ra - o a of to ds.
The United States is also
recognized to have considera-_ .
ble technical expertise in the -
production of high quality bits.
for deep drilling, a fact which.,
is acknowledged by the plan to
import such a bit plant from
Dresser Industries.
The Soviet Union's need to
import substantial quantities..
of Western equipment is-
largely due to the sheer scale .
of the Soviet exploration and .
production effort but also re-,
flects relative technical back-
wardness in areas like:.
accurate deep seismic ana-
lysis, deep drilling techniques- '; .
and equipment and. offshore.
technology.
This technology gap exists.
largely because most of the_,'.
expansion of the oil and gas,
industry up to the late 1960s.
was concentrated on large and - . .
relatively accessible onshore:.-
fields like the Urals-Volga...
Here technology was devel-.
oiled to exploit oil and gas-
from relatively shallow hard
rock formations. But the ex.
pansion eastward into Siberia -
and the existence of large,
potential deposits in inland sea
areas like the Caspian aria.
offshore areas like the Bar-
ents Sea and off Sakhaliis
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For additional information on the above, see:
FILES
CIA 1.01 Turner, Adm. file dated 7-8 Dec 77
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CROSS INDEX ORG 1 ECONOMIC CLUB OF DETROIT
For additional information on the above, see:
FILES DATES
CIA 1.01 'turnery Adm. Trip file 13 April 1978
SPEECH is located in Turner speech file
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0 C -p1 ~ ct'tt Gall cC rt [L \ '~.tir~ -
I'i1iV R%PLIBT
IC
y Y . c , . I ' . : I Iscai4 .
For a good many bright, sophisticated and ordinarily
skeptical Alnericans, getting into the People's Repub-
lic of China at this point would be.about as attractive
as whiniing.a million dollars by taking part in a chain-
letter operation. Thus it is that some 50 SUCK persons
have lent their names to a projected China tour that
has been promoted, somewhat along the lines of a chain
letter. Each prospect has passed the word along to his
friends, and most of them have thought someone else
must have checked into the background, reputation
and financial 'responsibility of are obscure "Dr. Fr'uill"
who was behind the scheme and was said to be ex-
pecting the good news from Peking' just any clay that
visas were ready and wailing.
Among those who have applied; and whose names
have' been used by the promoters to attract' others, are
_s Vl ra O l..< 4' ~, - Yw C
Tours, Inc., a few weeks after sleeting "Dr." A.
Thomas Lruin, the proprietor, then engaged mainly
in handling tours to America by groups 'of German and
Japanese students. He rewarded Arizona householders
who put them up by promising their free trips to Ger-
manly or Japan.
The China tour plan took shape when Fruin went to
Japan in February and March, a few weeks before the
celebrated ping-pang match. Louis Prescott says Fruin
sent back, word that Chinese sources there had told
hull that an American delegation of 250 persons might
be admitted to China. Later they decided on smaller
delegations of 75 to 25 each, groul)edi into fields of
.interest. They incorporated the new venture in May
as World Youth Visit Exchange Association USA, with
Pruitt as board chairman.
former Senators I'Vaylle Morse of Oregon and E1llest James Prescott has said that Morse and Greening
Gruening of Alaska, though Morse issued a statement would be co-chairmen of all "international relations"
after some premature publicity in Seattle denying that delegation. They were approached after Senator War,
he had any part in promoting or organizing the ven- reel Magnuson of Washington had declined an offer
lure and Gruening began to fear that lie and Morse -to head a "trade" delegation. Prescott listed Dr. James
were being used _ a:; bait. E. Allen, former US Commissioner of Education and
Joseph L. Rauh, Jr., the liberal V\lashington law- now at Princeton, as bead of the "education" delega-
yer and 1ohitlcal leader, heard about it from Charles tion; Robert West, 'president of the Unitarian-Univer-
O. Porter, former Democratic Congressman from Ore- salist organization in Boston as tentative head of the
gon, now it lawyer in Eugene. Porter, returning an old "interreligious" delegation; and David Ifshin, presi--
favor, told Rauh he was offering him a free trip to dent of the National Student Association, as head of
China. Others who were promised free trips, usually the "student" delegation. Prescott said that a "social
in. return for recruiting other members of "delega- ethics and moral education delegation would be
.lions" of 15 to 25 persons, included Sanford Gottlieb, -headed by Edward L. Ericson, leader of the Washing-
executive director of SANE. Prof. Jerome Cohen of the ton Ethical Society, with the help of Dr. Paul Kurtz,
Harvard Law School tipped off friends to the oppor- professor of philosophy at New York University in
tunity, ii dueling David L. Bazelon, chief judge of the Buffalo.
Circuit Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia. None of these apparently put up any money. But in
Much of the recruiting has stemmed from the of- 'Bellevtle, Wash., John Stenhouse, an investment bank-
forts of two brothers, Louis Prescott, a former ere- er and chairman of the new tourist agency's executive
rnentary school teacher and sales official for an en- committee, says he has accepted $6oo apiece from 30
cyclopedia firm, who operates out of a room and a half to 45 persons including Prof. George Beckman, director
of his home in Orange, Calif., and James' Prescott, of the Russian and Far Eastern Institute at the Univc-r-
a Ph.D. from McGill University, who works at the sity 'of Washington; Prof. William Z. 'Birnbaum, a
National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Md., and is mathematician at the same university, and Jack Dough-
president--elect of the Maryland Psychological Asso- ty, associate editor of the Seattle Post Irtellieiicer%
ciation. Louis Prescott quit his job with the encyclo- Porter says Pruitt first tried ]Waking arrangements
podia firm last January to join Educational Friendship . through Pelking's commercial mission in `iokyo, then
throouc'h Chinese di 11onmatic meesentatives in Hanoi,
RICIIAI:v DODMAN is t1Apwr,4s"i4 F* RWt l' l O41ji 0/1
Ole St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Wayne and Ernest have been profoundly rkepti-
J
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ARTICLE APPEARED VILLAGE VOICE
ON PAGE 15 January 1979 zs:))
The Eminent Domain'of the Educational Testing Service
By Ed Kiersh .f
Secluded by 400 acres of woods and streams, Henry I
singer, Zbigniew Brzezinski, General Alexander Haig, David
Rockefeller, IBM Board Chairman Frank Cary, and several
prime ministers met recently in a Cape Cod-style building
in Princeton, New Jersey. The group was platting strategy,
for a highly secret "Future of the World" conference. They'd
sought this Camp David-like isolation to discuss world de-
struction scenarios, defense pacts, and-trade alignments.
But the site, in addition to providing a maximum-security
backdrop for think-tank speeches, also offered other diver-
sions. Delegates had a choice of jogging trails, hiking paths,
tennis courts, luxurious sleeping accommodations, and gour-
met dining rooms. Most importantly, however, guests were
able to renew old friendships with other"powers" at tbecon-~
ference-their hosts from the Educational Testing Service,
who are, perhaps deservingly, called "the gatekeepers to the-
world:'
.
Untaxed, unregulated, and unaccountable to the millions
of Americans who take standardized tests; the Educational
Testing Service is a kingdom unto itself. Secrecy has been a
trademark since the organization's birth in 1948, so perhaps
it's symbolic that Kissinger, Brzezinski, & Co. chose the
sprawling ETS -"campus" for their conference last spring.
But since ETS's yearly gross is $80 million, and because its
network of contacts extends.as far as the White House and
CIA, symbols are hardly important. The cold realities of the
corporation are more intriguing.
Created by the College Entrance Examination' Board,
American Council on Education, and Carnegie Foundation,
as a nonprofit test developer, ETS has gone far beyond the
Ed KiersTr has done inverrigatire reporting for Newsday, New
simple aclministratior ` of e' Scholastic Aptitude Tests or
Graduate Records. Today, TS is an Orwellian empire. The
company supervises over 300 testing programs (14 per cent of
all.U.S. testing), and its assets have grown from $1.4 million
in 1948 to more: than $25 million in 1978. Millions also come
from government and `foundation research grants. But
ETS's $80 million yearly gross, compared to its nearest com-
petitor's $20 million (the American College Testing Pro-
gram), is attributable mainly to its near-monopoly in several
educational areas. =
Students are essentially captive consumers. Academic or
professional advancement hinges on filling in multiple-choice
blanks with just the right amount of. lead from number-two
pencils on ETS tests like the law boards, Graduate Manage-
ment Admission Test, or Multi-State Bail Exam. Moreover,
the potential for abuse becomes more likely as the ETS 'con-
glomerate expands into diverse fields such as the Student
Search Service (a financial. and. personal history' inventory
used for college recruitment); the Law School Data Assess.
bly Service (another fact-findins program used in admissions
offices); elementary and high. school 3ninitnuns-competency
exams; and 50 vocational-licensing tests..
` One such threat comes from ETS's linla to the CIA. it's
interesting. that ETS has hired psychometricians from the
Office of Strategic Services (the CIA's Word War II fQrerun?:
ner), and. that CIA entrance exams are devised at Princeton.
Orm might ask whether the 'CIA has access to ETS comput-
ers-the data banks that hold statistical information on more
than 15 million Americans. Foreign students also file finan-
cial or personal history reports with ETS when they use pro-
grams such as the Student Search Service, and consequently,
they too could be targeted for CIA surveillance.. -
--.,the.-b- tB..EIS+dedives.froxn this relationship are..oelY.
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Sc+nlh(i$v Ss sS-
07 A. -7 7 u t:?.rrs
e tF I.at ticS2Q. - ?fit1
ASHINGTON -- There seemed to be
nothing the Central intelligence,. Agency
owerful
i
es, p
had not considered-.Lobotom
drugs,.hypnosis, mental telepathy, depriva-?':
do of steep and food, subliminal suggas-
A personality assessment Is simply a guide-to an indi
vidual's behavior. It describes his weaknesses and strengths,
'predicts' actions and reactions," and suggests how he can
be influenced. The psychologist preparing an assessment
for the agency asks: What are the person's principles? His
habits? Is he a drinker, awoman-chaser, a reader, a jogger,,
a hockey fan, a chess player, a.chain-smoker, a'dog ]over,
a Sunday morning gardener? Who are his friends?.Where.
is he from? Who was his father?
Usually the psychologist is unable to interview the,
subject. So he works with photographs and reports provided
by agents and other Government employees and informants,
published materials, and official records. Whenever possible
the psychologist likes to have a tape-recording of his sub-
ject's voice to analyze .`..
Personality assessment in one form or'another is as
old as the intelligence profession. But it received increased
emphasis in- the early 1950's from Allen W. Dulles, then
the director of the agency:. Mr. Dulles had sought neurologi-
cal treatment for his son, who had been -seriously injured
in Korea. He went :to see Dr.-Harold, G. Wolfe-, a New
York neurologist.- Mr. Dulles became interested in research
Dr. Wolfe was doing on indoctrination by the Chinese of
American pilots captured during the Korean War. Before
tion, isolation ultra-sonic sound, flashing stroboscopic ,.,
>igats. The agency evert consulted magicians and employed-"
prostitutes ;:.
But nothing gave the agency the` formula it sought
for creating its own Manchurian `candidate. And, last week,
under attack again-for having violated ethical norms in
the r psychological experiments; agency officals maintained
t-Xat-they were through tampering with the human. mind.
They hastened to add, however, that they` had not aban-
doned the aspect of their 25-year exploration 'into the world
of psychiatry that was perhaps the most benign and may
have been the only blossom in a rank garden:. The construc=
t r n of elaborate personality profiles of employees in sensi-
tive jobs, potential. agents and international military and
political figures. : `.
"The work we're doing now does not involve attempts :
to modify behavior,",Admiral Stansfield Turner, the director
of the agency, told a Senate hearing last week. "It involves
t "the kind of thing we're interested
h
"
a
He said t
studying it.
irs is what will motivate a man to become an agent of -
the United States is a very difficult situation. We have
to be familiar with the attitudes and responses of people
we approach to become our spies."
Intelligence 'officials call these psychological studies
"personality assessment." potential spies are indeed as-
sessed, but the sweep- of the program is much greater than
the admiral suggested. The agency has developed "personality
assessments" of Fidel Castro and the late Che Guevara,.
Mao Tse-tung and his successors, the leaders of the Kremlin
and the chiefs of state of most of the nations regarded
as allies of the United States. "You do it on friends and
enemies alike," said one intelligence specialist, "because
you can never know when someone's going to switch."
When the President of the United States goes to meetings
abroad, he is armed with assessments of the officials he
will confront, as were members of the United States negoti-
ating team at the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty talks.
At times the assessment program has overstepped the
bounds of the agency's charter, which forbids operations
directed against Americans inside the United States. The
agency ordered a personality study of Daniel Ellsberg when
he was awaiting trial for allegedly having given the Penta-
gon Papers to The New York Times. An assessment was
done also of Mr. Ellsberg's lawyer, Leonard Boudin. E. How-
ard Hunt, a former intelligence agent who was jailed for
his part in the Watergate break-in, burglarized the files
of Mr. Ellsberg's psychiatrist to get material for the assess-
long, Dr. Wolfe, at the behest of the agency, had set up
the Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology at the
Cornell Medical Center in New York. The society became
,an important mechanism for funding a number of agency
studies directed at manipulating human behavior.
The Department of Sociology at Rutgers University was
paid to conduct a study of Hungarian refugees. Dr. D. Ewen
Cameron of McGill University in Montreal got a grant to
explore "the effects of repeated verbal signals upon human
behavior." There was an LSD experiment conducted by a
team of social and medical scientists at the Massachusetts
Mental Health Center in Boston. The Educational Testing
Service of Princeton, N.J., which conducts the National Col-
lege Board and Graduate :Record Examinations, received
funds to investigate the relationship between two broad
theories of personality.
When the society was disbanded.. in 1965, ,Col. James
L. Monroe, a psychologist who had been a senior intelligence
official, and several others joined another agency-backed
organization called "Psychological Assessments Inc." After
Psychological Assessments closed its doors a few years ago,.
Colonel Monroe moved to Texas and set up a firm that
prepared studies for business and industry. The colonel said
recently that he hoped the agency had benefited from some
of his research. "If they're going to make judgments about
foreign powers," he said, "they've got to know about how
people function."
e"Iy--Ul P ~r~w(~y+ 4 3 '7 5 1-cs1;a.9 S aJ?.%J Ce
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 Approved For Releas EM13 R[r 1 T02 t HPS, INC.
THOMAS B. McCABE, Director
Scott Paper Company, Philadelphia
PRESIDENT EMERITUS
J. HAMPTON BARNES
SELECTION COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN
ROBERT S. INGERSOLL
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
A. ROBERT ABBOUD, Chairman
The First National Bank of Chicago
ROBERT B. ANDERSON
Former Secretary o the Treasury
WILLIAM S. AN ERSON, Chairman
NCR Corporation, Dayyt~on, Ohio
ERNEST C. ARBUCKLE, Chairman
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., San Francisco
R. STANTON AVERY, Chairman
Avery International, San Marino, California
GEORGE B. BEITZEL, Senior Vice President
IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York
CHARLES BENTON, President
Films Incorporated Wilmette, Illinois
WILLARD C. BUTCHER, President
The Chase Manhattan Bank, New York
NICHOLAS J. CAMPBELL, Jr., Senior Vice President
Exxon Corporation, New York
S. DOUGLASS CATER, Jr., Trustee & Fellow
Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies
DONALD C. COOK, Lazard Freres & Company,
New York
C. R. DAHL, President
Crown Zellerbach San Francisco
JUSTIN DART, Chairman
Dart Industries Inc., Los Angeles
JOHN T. DORRANCE, Jr., Chairman
Cam bell Soul, Corn pan Camden, New Jersey
JOHNS. D. EISENHOWER
Former United States Ambassador to Belgium
LEONARD K. FIRESTONE
United States Ambassador to Belgium
GAYLORD FREEMAN, Honorary Chairman
First National Bank of Chico o
THOMAS S. GATES, Chief of Mission
United States Liaison Office, Peking
NAJEEB E. HALABY,President
Halaby International, New York
FRED L. HARTLEY, Chairman & President
Union Oil Comppan o California, Los Angeles
GABRIEL HAUGEy Chairman
Manufacturers Hanover Trust Company, New York
OVETA CULP HOBBY, Chairman & Editor
The Houston Post
JAMES HOGE, Editor
Chicago Sun Times
J. KENNETH JAMIESON, Former Chairman
Exxon Co oration
SAMUEL C. JOHNSON, Chairman
S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc., Racine, Wisconsin
ANTONIE T. KNOPPERS, President
Netherlands Chamber o Commerce, New York
RALPH LAZARUS, Chairman
Federated Department Stores, Inc., Cincinnati
E. B. LEISENRING, Jr., President
Westmoreland Coal Company, Philadelphia
WINTHROP C. LENZ, Vice Chairman
Merrill Lynch Pierce Penner & Smith, Inc., New York
HENRY LUCE III, Vice President, Corporate Planning
Time, Inc., New York
LOUIS B. LUNDBORG, Former Chairman
Bank of America, San Francisco
JAMES A. McCAIN, President
Kansas State University
C. PETER McCOLOUGH, Chairman
Xerox Corporation, Stamford, Connecticut
ROBERT S. McNAMARA, President
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
FELIX N. MANSAGER, Director
Hoover Co. anton, Ohio
A AY MII.LER, Dean, Graduate School
o Business, Stanford University, California
WILLIAM H. MOORE, Retired Chairman
Bankers Trust Com anyy,, New York
HOWARD J. MORGENS,
Chairman of the Executive Committee
Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati
FRANKLIN D. MURPHY, Chairman
The Times Mirror Company, Los Angeles
HOWARD C. PETERSEN Chairman
The Fidelity Bank, Philadelphia
HARVEY PICKER, Dean, School of International Affairs
Columbia University, New York
JOHN A. ROOSEVELT, Senior Vice President
Bache Halsey Stuart, Incorporated, New York
JOHN M. SEABROOK, Chairman & President
IU International Philadelphia
JOSEPH E. SLATER, President
Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies
MAURICE F. STRONG, President
Petro-Canada, Calgary, Alberta
ROBERT O. ANDERSON, CHAIRMAN
Atlantic Richfield Company, Los Angeles
April 22, 1977
Admiral Stansfield Turner
Director
Central Intelligence Agency
Washington, D. C. 20505
EXECUTIVE. DIRECTOR
SAMUEL C. TOWNSEND
Executive Registxp
I'm writing on behalf of Mr. John Cartalis, our 1977
Eisenhower Fellow from Greece. Mr. Cartalis is pre-
sently in the United States meeting with his profes-
sional colleagues as well as officials in government,
academia and the corporate community. As you will
note from the enclosed bio-data, he is a political and
diplomatic correspondent for the Athens daily newspaper,
To Vima.
He plans to be in Washington the week of May 2 and would
appreciate the opportunity to meet with you to discuss
the background of U. S. foreign policy toward the
Eastern Mediterranean. Since he is in the U. S. as an
Eisenhower Fellow, and not officially representing his
newspaper during this period, he will consider the
discussion off the record.
I thank you for your consideration of this request and
for any courtesies that may be extended to our guest
from Greece.
Patricia Karvounis
Program Officer
jd
encl.
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L14
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John Cartalis
12, Arsaki Street
Psychico, Athens
POSITION: Journalist, To Vima daily newspaper
Age: 31
English: Fluent
RESPONSIBILITIES: Political and Diplomatic Correspondent for the Athens daily
newspaper, To Vima.
EDUCATION: Diploma, Political Studies - University of Grenoble
Seminar, International Relations - Institute of Advanced International
Studies, University of Geneva
RECENT PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES: As a Special Correspondent, Mr. Cartalis covered
official visits of the Greek Prime Minister to
Romania, Bulgaria, Great Britain, NATO in Brussels,
and Egypt. He also covered the offical visits of
the President of the French Republic, the German
Chancellor, and the Heads of State of all Balkan
states in Greece, as well as various international
conferences and meetings held in Greece.
Mr. Cartalis has written articles on Greek foreign
policy and particularly on the Aegean Continental
Shelf dispute, the American bases in Greece, the
relations of the Balkan nations, the Cyprus problem,
the future of NATO in Greece, as well as interviews
with political notables, such as an exclusive inter-
view with President Jivkov of Bulgaria.
FELLOWSHIP INTERESTS:
1. Discussions with officials in the State Department, the Pentagon, CIA, National
Security Council, RAND Corporation, Congress, the White House, United Nations in
New York, State Governors and other important political and international U.S.
Institutions dealing with the planning of American Foreign Policy.
2. Discussions with appropriate people in major American newspapers and TV networks.
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 ApPRvlor Release 2004/10/13: CIA-R
Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships, Inc. is a non-
profit corporation established in 1953 to honor
Dwight D. Eisenhower for his contribution to
humanity as a soldier, statesman and world leader.
The Fellowships are independent of any govern-
mental, political, or academic affiliation.
Purpose
EEF is dedicated to furthering world peace through
international understanding. It is unique in this
effort because it involves an exchange of informa-
tion between nations at the leadership level. Unlike
academic and research fellowships, Eisenhower
Fellowships provide a period of travel and observa-
tion for individuals who have already demonstrated
outstanding achievement in their respective
countries and professions. The Fellowships give
these leaders an opportunity to exchange ideas on
critical world problems face to face. It is our firm
belief that there is no substitute for the reality of
personal contact.
Selection
Eisenhower Fellows are men and women between
the ages of 30 and 45. The selection process is
conducted by bi-national committees in the
countries invited to nominate Fellows for a given
year's program. These committees, assembled by
The United States Embassies, consist of three
distinguished nationals, usually including a recently
returned Eisenhower Fellow, and two Americans
from outside the diplomatic community. After
determining the professional field of primary
importance to its country, a selection committee
nominates qualified candidates. This process
sometimes requires competitive screening of many
applicants. Final selection of one candidate from
each designated country rests with the selection
committee in the U.S.
The Program
The Fellowships provide three to four months of
professional consultations, visits, seminars and
field trips throughout the U.S. EEF assumes all
expenses for travel to and within the U.S. for each
Fellow, and provides a reasonable allowance for
living expenses. Fellows are invited to bring their
spouses, provided that spouses can remain in the
U.S. for at least two months.
A program tailored to individual professional
objectives is create"ffiPi61ep lL44`004/10/13: CIA-R
introduce vvyy,, yt e the
,~FBII
1'eelOv~7~ bC1s10 '~0,t NOW, government
officials, educators, technicians, scientists, and
professional leaders of all kinds. The Fellows visit
industries, schools, financial institutions, farms,
marketing centers, laboratories, historic sites and
other places of professional or general interest.
Each Fellow is urged to make intensive inquiries
along lines which will be most useful, personally
and professionally, to his or her country. The
emphasis is on a broad experience rather than a
concentrated study at a single institution.
Eisenhower Fellows also have opportunities to
meet private U.S. citizens and to observe American
home life. In addition, there are opportunities for
Fellows to meet each other, and gain better mutual
understandings of their individual cultures, atti-
tudes and motivations.
Support
Since its inception, EEF has been supported by
annual contributions from corporations, founda-
tions and individuals. Approximately 200 donors a
year contribute funds to meet an operating budget
of $500,000. In addition, former Fellows in many
countries have contributed funds or have arranged
for transportation expenses to be met from
resources within their countries.
In 1967, the concept of Sponsored Fellowships
was established. This plan allows corporations,
foundations or individuals making major contribu-
tions to direct the use of their contributions. Donors
may designate that their monies be used to finance
the program of a Fellow with a particular profes-
sional discipline, or a Fellow from a specified
country. The initial selection of the individual
Fellow, however, is the prerogative of EEF.
Success
The success of The Fellowships is indicated by the
large number of former Fellows who have achieved
even higher levels of responsibility in their profes-
sions. The list includes a former president, a
prime minister, many men now serving as cabinet
ministers, ambassadors, heads of industry, uni-
versities, national and international agencies, as
well as leaders in a variety of other important fields.
All told, over 500 influential men and women,
aided by their Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships
experience, are in positions where they can foster
communication, understanding and agreement on
043 15R0002Oi t6OO1 Ses of the world.
 Bo rd of r steeee nnhh g Fellowships.
rove or Re'I ase 2004/10/13': CIA-R P&_M" % 8&- Control of The is ower xchange Fellowships,
Inc. is vested in a Board of Trustees drawn from
leaders in business, government, communications
and education. Robert O. Anderson, Chairman, '
Atlantic Richfield Company, was elected Chairman
of the Board of Trustees in February, 1969.
Officers
Gerald R. Ford, President
Samuel C. Townsend, Executive Director
Patricia A. Karvounis, Program Director
Headquarters: Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships,
Inc., 256 S. 16th St., Philadelphia, PA 19102
[phone]
"I am proud that this organization carries my
name. It is the opportunity to create friend-
ships, and friendships have defended more
borders than arms and cannon ever have:'
Because the most effective means
of understanding between nations
Approved For Release 2004/10/13 : CIAA6Puvde1'W MtWeen people.
 ON P?.iGL''
~~. Approved For Release 2( q~/A1 ,' 3 CM, 9.P$.p6q.1315R0002q&46Q9Q14 ,,1J e~-
j L r 3 APRIL 1977 tr; }-fZ`j-"~ i r c` w` tom` cf
Jo.;rra~-Com!I!u;ion Yra;htnytcn 6ureau
WASHINGTON - President Carter has.1
approved a top-secret project to determine
.what action the government should take to
prevent Soviet spies from gaining access to
American industrial secrets and sensitive
trade information, it has been learned. .
Accordilic to administration sources, a
major Option ecci r consideration involves-
the use of sop isticated electronic egnip-
ment to encrypt, or ."scramble," private
telephone calls involving investments, new
technological developments and other deli-
cate business. information which might be-,
useful to foreign.-countries.
Soirees said Carter signed a memoran-
dum dealing with steps to counter the Soviet
rnoniloring of American telephone calls
about a week ago after a review by his Na-
tional Security Council. -
The project is so sensitive and so
closely held that only a few top officials in
the Carter administration and Congress
_ know about it.
An informed source, said that Carter
ordered that the project be conducted under
the over-all direction of the White House
rather than exclusively' under the Penta-
gon's super-secret National Security Agency
(NSA).
He did so because of concern over
possible intrusion by the military into the
-business world. The NSA ncrn:aily handles
all- government communications :security
progran S.
Tlie_pro e-ct apparently was pro: n ed
by the discovery more than three years ago
that Soviet a gents were eavesdrop on
e
long-distance te!ephore Coll versaticns v,i hhir'
the United State:
.Al0ough.detali5Cf the monltorii;
-never b-_ officir_;i4 disclosed ini.e;i';_e:.:t`
sources have s,-.id the.'calls were letter e:.:ed
and recorded as' they were relayed to ,:,Uir
destination by radio microwaves.
The calls apparently were picked e; t,y
sensitive antennas on _the roof of tin!- c.r. et
I:rnb .ssv in Wt'aslrington and other Sayi t in-
stallations in file United States.
Soviet spy. ships and "ferret'' satelines
also may havebeer, used.
The e>:tent to whici) the Soviets ae t:. 'a:
may be gaining "access to private inci;.:tr tai
rind commercial information is one of the
government's tightest-held secrets. Neither
'he White Ho
th
P
t
h
b
use nor
en
agon
e
as
een
_ -willing to comment on the subject despite
epeated requests for information.
A spokesman for the American Tele-
iho:ne &- Telegraph Co. in New York also de-
,lined to discuss the-vulnerability of the
,ell System to electronic eavesdropping an
;rounds that the information was class:`:ed.
Several officials, however, pointed out
.hat foreign agents-by compiling enocoh
ensitive but unclassified information fry:"
variety of sources-would gain i---:P t
-)to U.S. technological developments.
rial processes and investment plans.
Approved
ecre
-2J
c1!- i4 7- O I iJ S C
ON 1, i8i"t,
t 'OP N--
Pan H
~...
0r f C,
;, _ Such information would be useful not only in terms of
military intelligence, but in giving the Soviets an economic
advantage over the United States, they said. - -
''' - "Increasingly, this is where the (intelligence) game is ;
being played," said one source. -
."Much foreign-agent activity (in the United States) is to
obtain industrial and economic information, some of which
may have military value and which may be compromised by
space industries.
"We just don't want to let the Russians get hold of thainformation." -
Then-Vice President Nelson Rockefeller, in one of the
few official statements on the subject, warned in a speech
last June that Soviet-bloc nations are using "sophisticated
technology" to collect information about the U.S. free enter-
prise system. - - -
' '*They (the Soviets) can and do invade the privacy of l
U.S. citizens by listening to telephone conversations within
th
U
it
d St
d
"
e
n
e
ates an
throughout the world
Rockefeller
, said. "Electronic intrusion in the business and private lives e;
American citizens ... is not only possible, but it is being
done," he said. .
"Information so recorded can be stored and analyzed
through computer technology for m ria_ls of usages, all
deeply disturbing."
In addition to the Soviet l ;massy in Washington, other
listening posts arc bel,evcd to be located at the Soviet
Union's mission to the United Nations in New York, its copse-
late in San Francisco and its retreats fo diplomats in Mar;-
)and and Long Island. The listening posts are thought to he
Operated by the GRU, the Soviet military )I:hC'ilr,U;ellCr_, ager)Cy.
-The presence of So.,et and Cuban "iistiin; trawlers"
bristling with electronic equipment off the Atlantic and
Pacific coasts has frequently been cited. as Pit example of
Soviet spying on U.S. communications.
Most details of government efforts to counter this threat
are highly classified. It was learned, however, that the NSA'.
has been developing a new, highly secure telephone system
;for use by the military, the White House and other govern
anent agencies when secret defense information is discussed.
- The new system, using encrypting equipment, is under
development and is being tested in about 100 government of-
fices,sources said.
Called the L:SVN (for Electronic Secure Voice Netvotk)
system, it works r`T )tied,? is: -
An official wishing to discuss classified information goes
to a special office containing the ESVN equipment and places 1
his call over regular government or public telephone lines to
another phone with the same equipment. When the connection
is made, he pushes a button which connects both his phone
and the called phone to a central computer.
- . As the caller speaks, his speech is converted to digital
form by electronic equipment that samples his voice thou-
sands of times a second and turns it into a series of plus or
minus signals.
C-G 7-a '2- Vi SA
 P--l 7~-?e s7 -fir J~'s5 -t 't3.
;._ slOI'10~/11 C~-'bP88-0131580002
Appr v or Relea
:... tl_ 9 August 1977 _ t .v sy yr~a>f
Researchers Say Students Were. Among 200 Who Took LSD!
in Tests Financed by C.I.Q..
By JOSEPH B. TREASTER
Special ".o Thr .New York T13te3
VASHINGTON, Aug. 7-Students at
V
iar lard University, the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology and Emerson Cot-
lege were among some 200 persons who
received LSD in experiments secretly fi-
nanced by the Central Intelligence Agen-
cy i t the Boston Psychopathic Hospital
in the early 1950's, researchers who
'worked on the studies said today.
The students, both young men and
women, were said to have seen paid $20
each to'drink a tall glass of water with
the mind-altering drug added and then
for 10 to 12 hours to participate in a
series of psychological tests. They had
been.told they were getting..LSD and that
their reactions would vary: ? ?
Some doctors, nurses and attendants
at the hospital, now known as the Massa-
chusetts Mental Health Center, also
serve'. along with the students as volun-
teer subjects in the experiments, which
rang d over four years and. were among
some' of the earliest studies of LSD in
the United States, the researchers report-
ed. -
T'ne research was ?done:,under grants
from the Society for the Investigation of
Human Ecology, a funding mechanism
created by the C.I.A. in a 25-year project
to develop ways of manipulating human
behavior.,
Documents and Interviews
T'le intelliger-ce,.;ageitc}r's sponsorship
of 'the work was uncovered by a team
of New York Times reporters, sifting
through. more than: 2,000 agency docu-
ments and interviewing dozens of past
and -present intelligence-officials and re-
searchers around the country.
Among :,the data.....reviewed were
newly . disclosed. C.I.A,-? documents that
discuss at-length research .on. "knock-out
type agents."- The documents refer to
(unconscious _producingj prob-
lem" and;,the "productiorsaof'voluntary
sleep." 7 t ..
"Them exists within the agency," one
1960 document saya, "a `continuing re-
_-uirement -from the operations divisions
-or a substance or. substances; that will
ender an.. individual or animal helpless
and immobile,. either consciously or un-
consciously,. until definite, control meas
_lres can be instituted.
"The instances and situations where
such an advantage can' be utilized are
:oo numerous to be mentioned.
'
Another document indicates that the
agency paid $100,000 in the fiscal year
1957 for a study that included an investi
gation of the "curare-like effects of cu-1
taro thiols," or chemical compounds;
analogous to the alcohols. I
In 1956, other documents indicate, the
agency directed that 60 percent of one
$40,000 contract be devoted to studying
"the feasibility of utilizing aerosols as
a delivery system for the various psycho-
chemicals" such as LSD. In the end, the?
C.I.A. decided that spray cans, of LSD
!would not make an effective weapon.
Dr.. Max Rinkte, who initiated the LSD
research at the Boston Psychopathic Hos-
pital, died five years ago. But others who
participated in the work, including Dr.
J. Sanbourne Bockoven, now.a regional
services administrator for the Massachu-
setts Department of Mental- Health, say
they did not know that the intelligence
agency was paying for their research and
receiving theirreports.
In. a Senate'hearing last =week, Adm.
Stansfield Turner, Director of Central In-
telligence, said that freshly uncovered
financial records showed that 86 hospi-
tals and academic institutions had done
research under the agency's mind.control
project, many of them apparently unwit-,
tingly. So far, only a handful of them'
have been publicly identified.
At the hearing. Senator ,,Edward M- t
I 'Kennedy, -Democrat of Massachusetts,
urged Admiral Turner to notify officials
cf the hospitals and- universities. involved
that their institutions had done, research
for the C.I:A.:Admiral Turner said that
he would consider doing so. but A hat
:..
he was "torn"By"the question..
"I've tried `tt 'put' myself in.. the posi-
:tion of the:`,president of one`of...those
universities,";he said. "If he was witting,
he has access.to. al! this information. If
he was not 'witting,' .I. wonder if. the
process of informing him might put his
institution in. more jeopardy than letting
him go on as, now:'
Apparently like much of the -,work the
C.I.A. paid for;..the LSD research, at Bos-
ton was conceived by. a. doctor who then
gent looking for financial support.
Dr. Bockoverr said he and the: others
had studied the psychochemical-as a pos-
sible tool for. treating schizophrenia.. As
ioneers with LSD 'they had documented
to Kyio ?tiiorimoto,- a sociologist ',*ho was
r
some of the basic reactions and provided
the C.I.A. with, raw material for use in
evaluating a substance the agency
thought might be useful as a `weapon.
After the-LSD study in Boston, -which
ran from 1952 to early 1957,' according
part of the research team and is now as-
sociate director of the Bureau of Study.,
Counseling at Harvard, some of the in-
vest;gators moved as a group to- Butief L
Hospital, a private psychiatric facility in
Providence, R. I. -
With Alcohol and Tranquilizer
At Butler, among other things, the re
search team conducted an experiment on
staff members with alcohol and the tran-
quilizer. chlorapromazine that was also
financed by the .C.I.A.' s Society for the.
For years, the documents indicate, the
agency tried to find ways in which agents
could drink large amounts -of alcohol
without getting drunk ai, r to produce
with a pill that could make a drunken
agent sober.
Dr. Bockoven said be considered the
LSD work at the Boston Psychopathic
Hospital to have been "a model. of superb,
excellent research." -
He said the students and staff members
who participated had been explicitly re-
cruited as test subjects, had been told
they would receive LSD and that reac-1
tions varied greatly -among individuals4
from "pleasant" to "unpleasant." ?. .1
Mr. ILiorimoto said "a couple of peopla"
had gone into psychotherapy as a result
of having participated in the experiments.
But Dr. Bockovewsaid,he did not recall:
anyone who had suffered any :untoward:
He. said test- .subjects were interviewed
wide-- range -of . psychiatric: aixhpseud-o
sorship, .. there was .-m no follow-up - tac
determine whether complications had de-
veloped..
I' lilt f1JJ
1- J(A1
>>C k .ts d N
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 ARTICLE ripPEAREDApproved For Release 2004/10/13: CIA-RDP88-01315ROO02c46L-,---/A-n t-z-J
+.),V PAGE THE ATLANTA CONSTIT;;TION C4 4L(, o i 'V1il le-
U
3 AUGUST 1977
JSD RE, SEARC GRANT
017.
By JERRY SCIIWARTZ
Emory Medical School doctors did
not realize that research they per,;
formed in the .late 1950s involving
LSD experiments of prisoners at the
Atlanta federal penitentiary was
funded by the Central Intelligence.
Agency, college officials said Tues-
day.
Dr. Arthur P. Richardson, dean of
the medical school, said in response
to revelations this week about CIA
involvement in the tests, "We had no
reason whatsoever to believe this
money came from the CIA."
The money was channeled 'to
Emory through the Geschiktcr Foun-
dation, a Washington, D.C. organiza-
tion stPi active in research. It
amounted to about $25,000 per year
from 1954 to 1960.
Most of the tests were performed
by Dr.. Carl Pfeiffer and. br.' Harry.:
L. Williams, of the medical school's
pharmacology department.
Williams. is. now dead..'Pfeiffer,, j
who is currently working at the .1
Brain Bio Center In Princeton, N.J.
-could not, be reached ' Tuesday for.'.'
comment. A secretary at the center
said Dr. Pfeiffer..was;.refusing all.',.
calls::. ,, . .
According to. the current c'hairman'.,.;
of the pharmacology department, the. 1
tests Involved -administration of low.
doses of LSD to sbme 60 prisoners at.
the federal penitentiary. on .a, volun.
teer basis.. .
"In those days, it was believed
that LSD produced symptoms very
similar to schizophrenia," said Dr.
Neil Moran, pharmacology chairman.
"It was- thought that LSD might
lead to an answer for, the cause of .j
schizophrenia. That theory is not :
;really accepted any more," Dr.
':Moran said. "it was decided that
LSD did not really mimic the symp-
toms of schizophrenia."
According to Dr. Richardson, who,,
.was associate dean before he became'
,dean of the school in 1956, the ex-;
-periments were valid research at the
time, regardless of who funded them.
: 'All we knew was that. we were
-'.dealing with a bona fide foundation.
;I can't really tell you what our posi-
tion -would have been it' we,.had
known it was the. CIA," Richardson
said.
"I doubt if Nye would have opposed
It. At that time, it was a very, very
highly respected organization. I'm
not sure that back then we thought
they were as evil as they are made
out to be now."
if
. Richardson said that in'the inter;;
vening years, he had wondered if- the.
drug-. tests had' any'
adverse perms
rent effects-on the prisoners at the.;
penitentiary.
"The doses we used here at Emory'
were rather. small. . They were not
large enough to produce the extreme
{ side effects."
:.-An official. of the U.S. Bureau of
Prisons said that such testing would
be. impossible. now. The prisons ex-
pressly forbid such human experi-
mentation-on prisoners.
"But back then we were pretty
careless about such things. Nobody
really gave a damn," the prison offi-
cial said.
All that was necessary for the ex-
perimentation was the approval of
the warden.
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Vp%
GSA i K`'cfz
 BALTfbIORE SU17
Approved For Release 2W*6/133976IA-RDP88-01315R000200460001-5 l>` ` S1"`6
Tass...on Target, for Once
The Soviet. news agency.Tass, a.favorite source - an Security and Co-operation would look thoroughly
of information for the. CIA,, has come up with a
thought that could be converted into one of the more
stimulating proposals of the.year_ We commend it to
our friends at the CIA fortress in McLean, Va. Let
us sketch the background.
As part of the current spate of cold war comment
in the Soviet press, Tess recently seized upon Amer-
ican newspaper disclosures of CIA spying operations
in the United States against United States citizens.
"Not so long ago; when the European Security and
Co-operation Conference started discussing 'human-
itarian problems,' the Western press tried.to create
the. Impression that it is the capitalist world that is a
bulwark of civil liberties," Tass stated, adding: "And
now It is obvious that fundamental rights of citizens
are. flouted in the leading country of the 'free
world: "
.At the risk of. having our mail opened, our tele-
phones tapped, our offices broken into and our staff
infiltrated, we would like to say that Tass is right on
target.-The fundamental rights of American citizens
have indeed been flouted by an agency that'has now
admitted doing such things, plus quite a few more.
William E. Colby, the CIA director, may try to ex-
plain away such violations of the law governing his
agency by suggesting that some overstepping of the
line is Inevitable when one is in the dirty tricks busi-
ness. However, we prefer the Tass implication that
a nation that professes civil liberties should practice
civil liberties.
And now to our proposal. We think it would be a
splendid idea if the 34-nation Conference on Europe-
into the way each of its participants adheres to hu-
man rights principles. This might delay the grand xX_.
summit finale that the Kremlin has been promoting
for some time. But because the security conference
from its inception has been nothing more than a So-
viet ploy to legitimatize its hold on Eastern Europe,
why the rush? Why not force the United States to ex-
plain in an international forum how its foreign Intel-
ligence agency came to feel it had a right to plant
agents among "dissidents" espousing black rights or
opposing the Vietnam war? And why not force the
Soviet Union to explain a system that works in the
depths where government critics are thrown into
mental hospitals, exiled from their homes, deprived
of their livelihoods and condemned to prison.
Our modest proposal might accomplish three
objectives, all of which are in the interest of the
Central Intelligence Agency. First, it would delay
.completion of the European Security Conference,
which would be no loss to American diplomacy. Sec-
ond, it would demonstrate anew that Communists
remain far more expert than Western capitalists in
the art of violating civil liberties. Third, and more'
important, it would remind perceptive officials of.
the CIA that the unusual, illegal tactics their agency
adopted for reasons of expediency are nothing but
milder variations of the usual, government-ap-
proved tactics of the totalitarian state. Once this is
clearly understood by CIA agents and all their fel-
low citizens, Americans might become more vigi-
lant and successful in defense of their precious lib.
erties. -
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 Approved For Release 2004/10/13: CIA-RDP88-01315R000200460001-C
A l:ii; C u3 . 11 MARCH 1982
EXILE GROUP SEEKSL1
Mile know that them have bftn
bro-
sev " /
ti
eral Federal agencies that have in- c*-r
spected our facilities from time to time
in the past two y e a r s , he said.
T O OUST SANDINISTS
71
Everglades Commandos' Offer
to Fight in- Any -U.S.-Backed
Unit Sent to Nicaragua
Everglades Commandos had Seen ff='~ CM
nanced e
ti
l
b
"
i
n
y
re
y
pr
vate contrib,~
tins -there Is no Government spoor:
sorship of this group."
AWarlnessTowardtbe
Asked whether the C.I.A. was among
the agencies that had visited the
group's installations, Mr. Rubin said, "j-
Until recently, the task. force;: eras .
rRy RICHARD 3. MEISLIN `quite open with the press, galnmg c op}..'
syw>xr~e+-y x n s ctis publicity by giving Sunday tours of `
Camp Cuba-Nicaragua,..: a training
MIz114II March 10 -- A
roup of LatirY
g
in southwest Dd Co
,ernaeunty at
American exiles offered. today to Pte' the edge of the. Everglad~..Thsgroup
vide several hu
ed volu
d
t
r
for a
n
r
n
ee
s
ny says it has seith tiim
vera.oerranng-ca1a
of fortsby the Reagan Administration to, in Florida, but it has not permitted oot
disrupt theNicaraguanGovernment. siderstovisitthena. ,.. :.
e've been urging that this be done But the X-cup became'iiiore rest ri
since our ince
tion two and a haft
p
Y five last weekdihh
een, announcng tat. te
ago," said Ellis Rubin, a lawyer who Everglades Commandos would begin a
represents the Inter-American Ezgedi. seven-day-a-week training .schedule
ti Task Force.
ovary and.would no
rlonger eport?pea the Dade
The group, also known as the Ever= County carn
= . p r~pPorters. J; ;
glades Commandos, has been openly The change occurred ait
' a t
ley
g
e
- training exiles southwest of here-for aaoa camera crew hoto
P graphed :iise
ossible insur
ent o
erations in C
ba
p
g
p
u
leader of the
C?up. Jorge Gtmzales; ir~
c ~ p at o; near,
and NicaraOa hear ng reports that President
o
a
peat
f
trainee
' Vie Reagan had authorized covert opera
Government, it sent telegrams to: the - month; led to Mr . -Gonzales's' =arrest
l White House and the-Central. Intelll-
under a law that-prohibits a convicted
I
' ge ceAgen yofferingtobelp. ;- ry. felon fromp sessung.a firearm. Mr.
Mr. Rubin said ttse telegrams offered, Wiles; a Cuban exile. served four
?."the services, of :these :hundreds of- : years in prison after being convicted in
t trained commndos. for whatever against taking part i a bazrohe attack
ma be assi ed to them." against a Polish frranter afi the biitimi
House were not. involved in the -task
force's activities so far, although not for'
any lack of effort by the group. "We've,:
made requests to the White House to be"
allowed to operate, but we have not. re-J_
;.ceired anyrespotsse." he said:.:
4..
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 Approved For Release 2004/10/13 CIA-RDP88-01315R006fa S U,{ ,
TOM MCCLAIN
P. O. DRAWER D
STAFFORD, TEXAS 77477
[phone]
February 25, 1976
'v c
i31z e.ft-t~ C I
Lieutenant General Vernon Walters
Deputy Director
Central Intell-gence Agency
Washington, DX.
.Dear General Walters:
~~ C ~~v4irv~~c5l~
leg a
Please forgive my delay in formally letting you
know how much your visit to Houston was appreciated.
Although my flashfires are not as global and significant
as yours, they required my attention nonetheless.
I am one man who sincerely thanks you on behalf on
our group. Never before has a speaker generated so much
interest, radiated so much confidence and, unfortunately,
been so castigated by press coverage.
The enclosed article appeared in one of our local
papers. I trust you believe me when I tell you extreme
dissatisfaction was expressed by me to both newspapers
for the manner in which your speech was reported. Here-
with too, I hope you will let me know if you are to speak
in Houston again. I promise I will personally do what
I can to see that you receive accurate coverage.
Again, thanking you very much, I am,
Sincerely Yours,
Tom McClain
TM : kme
Encl.
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 Ap roved For Release 2004/10/13 : CIA-RDR88-01-345R000200460001-5
6 January 1976
Pr-bbeviu ld Damp e CIA
Agency Official Says Hire
The deputy director of the Central
Intelligence Agency (CIA) said here
today that recent congressional investiga-
tions of the agency
were "like rum-
maging through the
garbage of history"
and have the poten-
tial of damaging
the nation's intelli-
gence operations:.',.
The deputy
director, Vernon A.
Walters, however,
said the CIA "will
live with" the
investigations be-
cause the United. WALTERS
States requires that its intelligence arm
be responsible to elected representatives.
Walters said congressional investiga-
tors are charging us "with things - that
happened in the 1950s and 1960s."
Walters spoke at a meeting of the
Executive Breakfast Cluh. a group Jf
young Businessmen, at Stouffers Hotel.-
Walters refused to answer questions
from reporters.
He conceded .that the CIA'bad been
involved in the planning of assassinations
and experiments with drugs and poison-
ous toxins.
He noted, however, that the investiga-.
tions showed no evidence that a iry
planned assassinations were carried out
There have been "some kooks and
nuts" in the CIA and overzea1"add
misjudgments by agents of the CIA since
the agency was organized 27 years ago,
Walters said.
"But they've been very few and :far
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 ORG 1 EXECUTIVE BREAKFAST CLUB
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(orig under CIA 1.02 Walters, VernIn
speeches)
by
LT. GENERAL VERNON A. WALTERS
before
EXECUTIVE BREAKFAST CLUB
THE CIA AND WORLD AFFAIRS
HOUSTON, TEXAS
6 January 1976
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 Approved For Release 2004/10/13: CIA-RDP88-01315ROO62601400005'-/o U2'~?~u
LI'-i I
THE HOUSTON POST
7 January 1976
The 'deputy director of the Central
Intelligence Agency said here Tuesday
that he does not know of any "Cuban
mercenaries being trained in this country
for fighting in Angola.
"There is no CIA involvement in Angola
with troops or agents," said Lt. Gen. Ver-
non A. Walters, number two in command
at the CIA, "and I am not aware of Cuban
mercenaries being trained here by the
CIA:'
Last week White House press secretary
Ron Nessen would not comment on
rumors that Cuban nationals living in the
United States were being hired for Angola
where Cuba has sent. some 7,000 combat
troops to fight for the Moscow-supported
site.
Walters, speaking at the Executive
Breakfast Club meeting, said he expects
the agency will receive a "set of restric-
tions" and "some reorganization" as a re-
sult of congressional investigations into
CIA activities.
"We are prepared to live with the re-
sults of the congressional reports if we get
a fair reporting, Walters said. "Yes,
we've had. our share of poor judgment,
over zealousness, kooks and nuts, but they
have been few and far between in 27
years.
Walters, CIA deputy director three
years, formerly was with the intelligence
division for the Defense Department.
He said that "much of what has been
brought up and used against, us" through
congressional inquiries were contigency
plans rather than policies adopted for use.
Assassinations, mind -bending drugs and
use of toxics were discussed within the
agency, he said, "but in the final conclu-
sion they were passed over. We were deal-
ing with possibly the means to retaliate it
they were used against us."
The deputy director said that in addi-
tion to congressional probes, the CIA has
had to contend with an American attitude
that intelligence work is "unmoral and
ungentlemanly."
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 Approved For Release 2004/10/13: CIA-RDP88-01315R00O,L??46O4O1- q. L ~=_ ` vc?2i .~1
HOUSTON CHRONICLE
6 January 1976
VCV*
ou d amme
Walters,? however, planned assassinations were carried out.
said the CIA ' will ~*? There -have been "some kooks and
,mI " 1n tltia rrA a ix} nvarzaat and
The d e p u t y He noted, however, that the investigate
director, Vernon A.?r~,s tions showed no evidence that a n y
garbage of history" r4~ waiters reiuseu Lu auswei Llue:auv?a!
and have the tent from reporters. - j(
tial of damaging He conceded that the CIA hadbeen
the nation's inteII . involved in the planning of assassinations
gents operations and experiments with drugs and poison
ous toxins.
L1411J Vi Ufa:.. u-"a. were "like rum Executive Breakfast Club, a._group' of
~rwJ w
Intelligence Agency (CIA) said here ' tors are charging us "with things that
today that recent congressional investiga- - happend in the 1950s and 1960s."
enc SOYS'.
T Y_'
cause - the United Walters said.
States requires that its intelligence arm 'But they're been -very few and far _-
be responsible to elected representatives. between,", he said..
7i- ' - .
1nVestlaatlOnS. be-' misluagmen~s ray ageuLS ut we %.un .ui'_c
1.. the agency was organized 27 years ago, {
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t?r 5E ~,:~5~ ~ i v
s T a j
-
l/V C C + A r NJ l c3"Z'~
22 August 1975
L-~JA L 7-Z- k5
I/eAzNoti
Mr. Torn McClain
P. 0. Drawer D
Stafford, Texas 77477
Dear Mr. McClain,
Here's a bio of General Falters and some other
information about the Agency.
Let us keep in touch as the day
approaches. I am always available on
STAT
for
his speech
The General is looking forward to his trip to
Hous ton.
Sincerely,
/s/ Anus 4?a.c,~un Thuermer.
Angus MacLean Thuermer
Assistant to the Director
rob
Encs.
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 Approved For Release 2004/10/13 : CIA-RDP88-01315R000200460001-5
MEMORANDUM
OF CALL
^ PLEASE CALL ---~
D WILL CALL AGAIN
0 RETURNED
IS WAITING TO
says J$cation of breakfast?has been
changed to Stouffers Hotel, Greenway
Plaza (several blocks away from
Travel Lodge) in one of their
meeting rooms. Exact meeting room
will be known day of meeting. Also
he would like to know when DDCI is
coming in to town; if the night
before, perhaps he could dine with
him.
RECEIVED BY if) I DATE TIME
SrANCARD FORM 63 QP0:3989-048-18 80341-1 332-389 63-103
REVISED AUGUST 1967
GSA FPMR (41 CFR) 101-11.6
PHONE NO.
CODE/EXT.
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 LJ
LL
August 15, 1975
Mr. Anges Thurmer
Assistant Director
Central Intelligence Agency
Washington, D.C. 20505
A
drank you for your cal r on
ugust. lip I.777, to lily sec ret.ar y , -1 v- w V
Kathie Ellis, verifying the invitation that we sent to you for a
Your deputy director, Lieutenant General Vernon Walters, would be most
welcome to be our speaker at this meeting.
Too, as we discussed on the phone, I would appreciate receiving
any general p/r information regarding the CIA and biographical inform-
ation on Lieutenan Gene- r`-aT_aTters:--TT we can be of any assistance
to Lieutenant General Walters, please advise.
rC. DDC/ - a'//1/7S"
P.O. DRAWER D Approved For Release 2004/IDh.0UFARDP88-01315R000200460001-5 713.499..4 -
2 S'!o /
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 Approved For Release 2004/10/13 : CIA-RDP88-01315R00020
M
July 23, 1975
Mr. William Colby
Central Intelligence Agency
Washington, D.C. 20505
Dear Mr. Colby:
Several weeks ago, I noticed in some national business
publication, that the Central Intelligence Agency had speak-
ers available for civic organizations.
As chairman of the speaker committee fo he_Executive
x Ms . ;o been'e''6 `
Breakfast Club of I uspx~ I spoke with
a" 'u 1'ouson ice to obtain information in this regard.
Ms. Webb advised me to contact your office directly.
The Executive Breakfast Club comprises a membership
of 80-900g,,pqrogss.,Q _.agdxecutv~,. who meet
monthly at 7 A .M. at the Travelo'c t-o"Ar Inn, 2828
Southwest Freeway. Normally, our guest speakers have
the floor for 20 to 30 minutes and then a short question/
answer period follows.
We would like to invite one of your representatives to
be the guest speaker on January 6, 1976 at the meeting of
our club. ~..
Hoping this engagement can be arranged, I remain,
Sincerely yours,
Tom McClain
P.O. DRAWER D Ap proved For?Release 2004/1011)9 6 88-01315 R000200460001-5 713.499.4213
 FOIN NO. 237 use prerIUU>
1-67