ELECTRONICS WARFARE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP88-01315R000400160009-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 9, 2004
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: January 1, 1975
• Content Type: MAGAZINE

Approved For Releas
ELECTRONIC W ! 1FA E
Editor & Publisher
Ii any F. I
'Ranal;ing Editor
I red 1). Itscr,,.11
Richard k. Keenlt
Robert H. Rector
Copy Editors
Roy C'. Slutrcm
Howard Fenton
Production
Dolore?s'vicKendry, Art Director
Kim Vogel, Art A;sisutn:
William Crispin, I'roductlon
Circulation Stanager
Phyllis Bnkri
Fulfillment Manager
Katv 0hcleta
Dr. ~. D. tics
I hcodore S. ('0hcr!V
I-vnwood A. Co,hy
H rrv Davis
William E. W. Howe
Dr. Bill R. Mny
Dr. I rank A. Olson
Claud Pinson
Walter Portune
Dr. 'oseph A. Saloom
Kerneth R. Schonger
Editorial Headquarters
EW Communications, Inc.
3921 East Bavshorc Road
Palo Alto. California 94303
Tel, (415) 961-1:?(x1
-I WX 910-379-6584
CABLES: MICROWAVE PALO ALTO
Bureau
Kemple House, 34-36 High Street
Seven Oaks, Kent TN 13 1,10
England
'l'et: Seven Oaks 59533/4
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ADVERTISING SALES OFFICES
Glen Cove. L.L. NY 11542
Anthony Yacone!ti
13 Reynolds Road, [phone]
Palo Alto, CA 94303
Phil Du Vall, Dave Rausch
3921 East Bayshore Road. [phone]
President, Weber Publications. Inc.
John M. Weber
JANUARY/FEBRUARY 1975 VOL. 7 NO. 1
NEWS & FEATURES
13 Washington Rcport
22 International Report
27 Guest Editorial: The Army Electronic Warfare Board,
Lt. Col. Thomas P. Garman, USA
SPECIAL REPORT: NATO EW
29 NATO: An Important Conventional Capability
31 FUCOM: Focal Point for NATO Contact
33 U.S. MAAG's and DAO's: Who's Who
41 The Ins and Outs of Export Licensing
49 Swedish Air Force Introduces New Day/Night Recon Pod
50 '~.LQ-123 Shown by British
55 Belgian ECM Retrofit Seen Key to New Procurements
56 Competitors Shown in European LWF Competition
59 NATO National Capabilities Seen Expanding
73 international AOC: do Ooievaar Club of the Netherlands
81 Loral Executive Sees Independent Attitudes on EW in NATO
86 New French Receiver Developed
Trcl1NOLO(;Y
91 EZF/E1.FU-The Monitoring and Analyzing System from 6 kHz to
2.7 GHz, Ulrich L. Rohde, Rolxle & Schwarz, Fairfield, New Jersey
100 Unique Broadband Iligh Pass Filter, Chet Pedersen, Martin Marietta
Corporation, Dern'c'r, Colorado
103 The Design and Production of Reliable EW Equipments, J. 1. Belfer &
J. C. Forrest, ITT As?ionic?s Division, Nittlev, New Jersey
108 A Coherent Memory Using Digital Storage: The Loopless Memory
Loop'. Sheldon C. Spector, Ta,ckc-r Ss'stentslDit?ision of Whittaker,
Chatsti oilIt, Cali./arit a
112 Maintenance of EW Transmission Lines,Jack Newitt, Sperry Microwave
Electronics, Clcart ater, Florida
DEPARTMENTS
48 Editorial Feedback
106 AOC News
117 Operator 750
1.20 Graves' Gallery
122 President's Message
Cover. USA F's award of a 5417,904,758 fixed-price incentive award to (,Corral
Dynamics for the new F-16. puts the new airp' ne into IhC liuropCan :Air Crnnh,il Fighter
clition as the U.S. entry. See Intern,i;icvrel Report ft,r nu+rC dct;ril,.
E,IeCtronlo'eVarfare n tL vnrs i s pal l i s h s d nthls t I Vi C corn r r , lt,n In,.
' (ui di rrt tr1'd c t / I'ul I lit ns 11Ihs \, U ,rt, t f )Id (r s, t their
.
'
f,s
ii r
l~ic,al pt l C r7 .l t i ri ,' 51 i( n s r r nhip un t t the r f ndli s r
t,nnnrnic.t,iot In,.ti tip, n,,-.lie \I tCIper'.c,irintheI S.tnd(.,
j`S.U+1 per tear irrtcrn.ttion.t'. per seer international .sir 'nia!I `,.t-l:!c
cuplc, ;rrtd heck issues lif as.ulel'Ic'r, 55 (N1 s?,i,h.
F:dituria!: 'I he article, and editorials appearing in i.Iectror tc Warfare do not rtpre- nt
the official \r position except for the Official Notices appearing in the AO( Ntw'I
Section or unl, . specifically identified as an AO(' official position. Fuhllsher assunse no
respunsihilit i 'r unsolicited material. Authors are responsible for assuring that articles
are property r. leased for classification and proprietary information.
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 STAT Approved For Release 2005/01/12 : CIA-RDP88-01315R000400160009-5
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 Apprpved For Release 2005/01/1
it s to be as
TOTAL REALISM is an AAI specialty. We
have what it takes. We have the people
capability. We have the advanced tech-
nical knowledge. And we have the most
extensive, up-to-date bank of foreign and
domestic signals. The complete ability to
create design and build total realism into
computerized stimulation devices has
made AAI a leader in
electronic warfare training ~y
for over 20 years. C
We help young crows
become old crows.
P.O. Box 6767
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CORPORATION [phone]
Tt ion
of
ID ~rotn~
SENIOR ADVISORY BOARD
Herbert D. Bennington
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Lincoln R. Hayes
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Joseph Kearny
Dr. Marvin D. Lasser
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Royden C. Sanders, Jr.
Allan D. Simon
President
Bland B. Hyatt, Jr.
Executive Vice President
Charles V. Hoey
Secretary
Col. John Marks
Treasurer
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Executive Secretary
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Regional Vice President
Baste rn
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Central
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Southern
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Paci/ic?
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Directors
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Business Address: EW Communications, Inc.,
3921 E. Bayshore Road, Palo Alto, CA 94303. All
correspondence, subscriptions, editorial material,
and advertising material should be sent to the
above address.
Change of Address: send old and new address (in-
cluding mailing label from this magazine) with Zip
Code numbers to Association of Old Crows, 2361
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Postmaster please send Form 3579 to the same
address.
Electronic Warfare, January/February 1975.
Volume 7, Number 1. Published bi-monthly by EW
Communications, Inc., 392t East Bayshore
Road, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. Copyright 1975.
Controlled Circulation: Postage paid at Los
Angeles, California.
2 EW: JANUARY/F1 BRUARYA proved For Release 2005/01/12 : CIA-RDP88-01315R000400160"009-5
 Policy Resolutions
For 1976
The Board of Directors of the Association of Old Crows has formulated and approved
six policy resolutions for 1976. These resolutions are intended to focus attention on areas
which are believed to be vital to the National Defense. After careful analysis and review of the
National Defense posture, these guidelines were evolved by the members of the Board of
Directors. They are designed to support the AOC policy objectives in a mutual endeavor of
the'DOD, Congress and Industry to advance the Electronic Warfare capability
of the United States.
1. NATIONAL DEFENSE POSTURE
WHEREAS, the Soviets have improved and are continu-
ing to improve their Armed Forces in both numbers and
weapon systems; and
WHEREAS, the Soviets continue to expand their influ-
ence in the third world countries by supplying arms and
assistance; and
WHEREAS, the success in future conflicts will; in a
large measure, depend on the outcome of the electronic
battle;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Associa-
tion of Old Crows (AOC) joins the President and urges the
Department of Defense (DOD), Congress and the Nation
to support a strong national defense posture by support-
ing the force structure of the United States in all aspects
and equipping this force structure with the Weapons and
Electronic Warfare (EW) systems required to provide de
terrence to aggression throughout the world.
11. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D)
WHEREAS, future Tactical and Strategic defensive capa-
bilities of the Armed Forces can be significantly improved
by providing advanced Electronic and Electro-Opticai
countermeasures systems; and
WHEREAS, current and future improvements in enemy
radar, communications and optical systems will result in
decreased survivability of our weapons systems; and
WHEREAS, the current practice of holding a "level of
effort" in the R&D area year after year results in an ever
decreasing amount of current technology available for
utilization in operational hardware; and
WHEREAS, an increasing percentage of the 'level of
effort'' R&D funding is being used to cover the increased
costs of test and evaluation of new equipments;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the AOC
urges DOD to increase the EW R&D effort to the level re-
quired to permit future operationally deployed systems to
match or exceed the enemy state-of-the-art threat; and
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the AOC urges the
Congress to support the above increased R&D effort. If
the increased effort is not requested by DOD, the Congress
should review in detail the need for additional EW R&D
efforts.
III. EW EDUCATION
WHEREAS, EW Technology is a unique specially of elec-
tromagnetics involving a broad frequency spectrum; and
WHEREAS, the EW posture of the United States Forces
is directly related to the combat effectiveness of these
forces; and
WHEREAS, the United States EW posture is directly
related to the management decisions made at all levels
of the DOD, the Administration and Congress; and
WHEREAS, the better informed the decision makers
are concerning the role of Electronic Warfare the more
perceptive the decisions will be;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the AOC
urges DOD to establish a comprehensive EW education
program at the Congressional Committee and individual
member IeveAptpVol IDFroeiRelea?enn2ooSloIDk2t: I
level and at the military/civilian student level; and
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the AOC will support
and assist the DOD in everyway possible to assure the
effectiveness of this education.
IV. MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL TEAM
WHEREAS, the United States Industry is a necessary and
vital part of the National Defense of this country; and
WHEREAS, the Military-Industrial Team has been able
to produce the goods and services in the time and quantity
needed to defeat the Nations enemies; and
WHEREAS, the Armed Services produce no equipment
but must rely on United States industry to provide the
goods necessary to maintain a strong and viable national
defense posture; and
WHEREAS, a close relationship and continuous profes-
sional liaison must exist between user and supplier in our
free enterprise system to assure that the goods provided
meet the unique and stringent requirements of the mili-
tary forces;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the AOC
fully supports a strong Military-Industrial Team and acts
to insure the integrity and ethical conduct of the relation-
ship in accordance with DOD policies and the will of
Congress.
V. PROCUREMENT CYCLE
WHEREAS, Electronic Warfare is a unique discipline in
that the life cycle of effectiveness is completely depen-
dent on changes in the threat environment; and
WHEREAS, the current procurement cycle for new EW
systems from nitation of R&D to completion of produc-
tion can span a period of up to nine years; and
WHEREAS, intelligence on new threat systems or
changes in threat systems in nearly every instance does
not become available until the threat system is operation-
ally deployed;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the AOC
strongly urges the Military Services and the DOD to rec-
ognize these factors and initiate appropriate changes in
the procurement regulations that will significantly reduce
the procurement cycle, both in R&D and production, for
EW systems.
VI. SAFEGUARDING NATIONAL SECRETS
WHEREAS. EW systems are designed to degrade the elec-
tronic capability of an adversary and it is essential that
the techniques used to that end be kept secret from po-
tential adversaries; and
WHEREAS, the information necessary to exploit the
adverse electronic capability is obtained thru electronc
surveillance and intelligence sources it is imperative that
the intelligence information gained he safeguarded; and
WHEREAS, any revelation of classified information
from or by whatever source, may jeopardize our National
Security;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the AOC
urges the Congress to enact a comprehensive National
R 8 134 0040016A00 -'S' Strong intelligence
of fort.
 Approved For Release 2005/01/1 aN BQ(RDP88-01315R000400160009-5
Last: 10 Years Crow
Finally--a multiple index of Electronic Warfare Magazine and its predecessor, Crow
Caws, together with some good news on information retrieval of back copies.
Stephen L. Johnston
Professional Engineer
The Editors of Electronic Warfare Magazine are pleased
to present the first-ever complete compendium of material
on the magazine and' its predecessor publication, Crow
Caws. The magazine is now in its eighth consecutive year
of publication and we are continually receiving requests for
back issues.
With the exception of the Library at Maxwell Air Force
Base's Air University, there is no central location contain-
ing all back issues of the publication. We are sure that
many readers have complete sets on an individual basis and
the Editors are now arranging for a complete set to be
placed with University Microfilms.
History. When the Association of Old Crows was
founded on October 4th, 1964-and subsequently incorpo-
rated on October 6th, 1965-the aims and purposes of the
organization, as stated in its original by-laws, were further-
ing the art of electronic warfare, exchanging ideas and in-
formation, recognizing significant accomplishments in the
field and documenting the history of electronic warfare.
In October of 1965, a magazine called Crow Caws was
started, and then subsequently changed to Electronic
,Lare in the Winter of 1969 The magazine was then published
as a quarterly up to and including 1972. In January of 1973,
the magazine became a bi-monthly publication and con-
tinued editions have been published six times yearly since
that time.
In the decade that has passed, then, some 42 issues of
the magazine have been published, with more than 200
authors, a large number of tables, indices and staff reports.
Unfortunately, many of the early issues are not available.
Editions from 1973 onward are now available from:
University Microfilms International
A Xerox Company
300 North Zeeb Road
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106
Toll Free [phone]
In addition, back issues of Electronic Waifcn?e will be
available to non-U.S. readers through University Micro-
films' international activity:
University Microfilms Ltd.
St. John's Road, Tylers Green
Penn, Buckinghamshire
ENGLAND
In 1975 Electronic Warfare Magazine and its companion
International Countermeasures Handbook were placed on
file in the Library of Congress and will soon be available
through the National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
service.
The Editors want to acknowledge the contributions of
Mr. Stephen L. Johnston for his invaluable assistance in
the preparation, research and presentation of this data. The
Editors invite reader comment on the use and utility of this
index.
The master index is divided into nine parts as follows:
Part Index Element
I List of published issues
II Contents by issue
III Author's Index
IV Subject Index
V Speeches Index
VI Theme Issue Index
VII Tabular Data: Who's Who/Organization Charts
VIII Conventions/Conferences/Symposia Index
IX Personalities Index
Parts III through IX identify articles by their volume,
issue number and page of the edition, The first three issues
of Crow Caws are identified by 2nd Con,-_ and 3rd Conv.
with no theme applicable. The remaining entries for Crow
Cows are preceded in Parts III through IX by the notation:
CC. The following illustration shows the coding:
Crow Caws _Number in volume
Volume -.-_-J' I...._____.-Page Number
Note-Indicatcs Crow Can's. Volume 2, Number 3, page 6.
Electronic Warfare Magazine entries do not have the CC
prefix, otherwise all coding is the same.
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 Approved For Release 2005/01/12 : CIA-RDP88-01315ROO0400160009-5
INDEX
Part II-Contents by Issue
EW Magazine (cont'd)
Volume 7, No. 6-November/December 1975
Special Report: EOEW
p.21 Electro-Optical EW Seen Key to New
Developments, Harvey Rian, Joseph Savino
p.22 Army EOEW System Detailed: ALQ-144
p.24 U.S. E0 & IRCMBudget Outlined
p.26 Who's Who in EOEW (in industry)
p.30 AN/ALE-39 Countermeasures
Dispenser Systems Detailed
p.33 AN/ALQ-123: IRCM Pioneer,
Roger C. Farmer
p.38 Infrared Comes of Age in the World of
Electronic Warfare, Dave Fitzpatrick
p.50 Army EOEW Systems Detailed:
ALQ-147
p.52 Compact Frequency Calibrator Checks
ELINT Receiver Performance
p.55 Digital Control for Effective Power
Management, John Moran and
Charles B. Balser
p.63 Is Inflation a New Malady in Defense
Planning? Adm. Frederick H. Michaelis
p.64A Euro-Form: Countermeasures
Conference Slated
p.70 President's Message: AOC Technical
Program 1975-1976
Part III-Author Index
Allison, Andrew A. -5N5, 81
Almquist, Lt. Gen. E. H.-6N1, 51
Anderson, Charles E. -CC 2N3, 6
Balser, Charles E. -7N6, 55
Bates, D. J.-51\12, 53
Behnke, Albert 0. -1 N2, 10; 3N3, 12
Belfer, J. U. -7N1, 103
Belrose, F. M. -CC 2N1, 28
Bert, Joseph E. -7N5, 45
Bonner, Col. M. Michael-5N5, 45
Bradley, General Mark-4N1, 20
Brown, Adm. Sam R., Jr. -CC (no theme) 8
Brown, Charles G. -4N3, 14
Brown, Congressman Clarence-2N4, 4
Brown, Ron-5N2, 71
Bruenner, Colonel William-6N3, 38
Budd, William E. -3N2, 4
Bullock, L. G. -4N1, 34; 4N2, 12
Burke, Major Charles G.-7N5, 41
Butler, Dr. Thomas W. -3N1. 14
Byrd, Senator Robert S. -1 N1, 20
Byrom, Cecil -4N1, 7
Casperson, Jon C. -2N4, 35
Calton, Lt. Gen, Jack -CC2N3, 12
Chamberlain, Kent-4N2, 10
Cohen, Simon-7N5, 93
Collins, Prof. N.J. -7N3, 32-A
Crawford, Willie-2N1,?11
Cummings, R. Adml. C. Ward-5N3, 29
Curry. Dr. Thomas F. --4N4, 4; 4N4, 26
Daly. Thomas E. -CC 2N5, 31
Deane. Jr.. General John R. - 7N5, 51
(le Po'ix, Adm. -3N1. 4
de Kocher. James. 3N4.16
Dixon R G -.4N3.34
Leonov, A. 1. -6N2, 50
Linton, F. D. -5N6, 68
Little, J. A. - 5N6, 68
Mack, Erik-7N2, 32A
Marcus, Mel-1N2, 18;1N3,7;
4N1, 5; 7N3, 75; 4N3, 28
Margerum, Donald L. -2N2, 8; 2N3, 5
Mark, Major John W. -5N3, 56
Massey Stoney-5N3, 57
Matthews, Dr. Allen R. -3N3, 4
McElhowe, Donald M. -4N2, 6
McRaven, Pilgrim W. -7N2, 23; 7N3, 55
Meyer, Maj. General Stewart C. -6N2, 27
Meyers, John E. -CC 2N3, 11
Michael, Major A. L.-2N4, 5
Michaelis, Adm. Frederick H. -7N6, 63
Mikles, Major George A. -2N4,10
Miller, Barry -CC 2N4, 8
Miller, Bruce-7N5, 93
Miller, Frank-6N5, 59
Miller, 0. W. - CC 2N5, 12
Minck, John L. -3N2, 7; 4N3, 6
Mitchell, 0. B. -6N6, 36; 7N3, 24
Mintz, Martin-2N3, 6
Mirman, I. R.-1N1, 28
Montoya, Senator Joseph M. -
CC 21\13, 8;1 N2, 14; 21\12, 6; 3N2, 28
Moran, John-7N6, 55
Morin, Capt. Robert A.-7N5, 66
Morin, Henry J. -4N1, 10
Murray, Dick-2N4, 7
Musial, Fred A. -4N1, 34; 4N2, 12
Newitt, Jack-7N1, 112
Nicholson, J. E. - -6N1. 81
O'Donnell, Richard V. ~- 7N5, 111
Oeh, G. R. -4N1, 34: 4N,2, 12
Oleari, Gary--3N1, 8
Olver, Terry -7N5, 115
O'Shaughnessy, T. Sgt. John-4N2, John-4
Owen, MajorT. M.-6N3, 27
Pahl, Colonel Phillip-5N3, 16
Pederson, Chet-7N1, 100
Perry, J . L. -- 2N2, 1-i
Philbin, Michael J. -7N4, 21
Pollakoff, 0. E. -5N5, 87
Porter, John W. --5N1, 11
Proud, J. M. -5N5, 92
Randise, Dominich--7N2, 46
Reid, James R. --1 N4, 9
Reid, Sqd. Leader David --
CC, 3rd Conv , 7
Reynolds, G Lyle--2N1, 5
Rhode, Ulrich R.--7N1.91;6N5, 83
Richards. H. F. -4N 1. 16
Richardson. Secretary Elliot L. --5N3, 15
Rienzi, M. Gen, Thomas M. ---6N6, 35
Rinn, Harvey-- 7N6, 21
Rogers, Kenneth 0. ---1 N3, 10
Roubadeaux, Donald L. --3N4, 21
Runyon, Major Floyd L. -6N1, 52
Russell, Robert F. - CC 2N1, 28;
CC2N4, 28; 1N3, 10; 4N1, 16; 5N3, 57
Rutter, Paul-6N4, 37
Ryan, T. --6N5, 76
Ryken, Marvin-3N1, 16
Salapski, G. D. -7N4, 75
,
,
Eans, C. S. -'A4 oved For Release 2O 6tV6i~lil~ ld*- ' d tii5ROOO4tl '66Ov' eh A. -6N5, 48
Eaton, Charles --1 N4, 7
Eaton, Lt. Col. W. F.-7N3, 30; 7N3, 41
Edson, Major Paul R. -7N5, 61
Eldecreek, Gil - CC 2N4, 18
Enge, Francis J.-2N1,12; 4N1, 10
Ert1~n_ es. Frank A,--
ustace Harry F. -7N4, 55; 6N1, 43
Farmer, Roy C. -7N6, 33
Fitzpatrick, Dave-7N6, 38
Flaherty, James M. -4N2, 8; 5N2, 37
Fleischer, Frank - 3N1, 16
Fomichev, K. I. -6N2, 50
Forrest, J. C. -7N1,103
Garbouchian, Vaughn-1 N4, 24
Gibbs, Maj. Gen. David P. -
CC, 2nd Conv., 22
Gillis, R. G.-7N3, 36
Godding, M. Gen. George A. --
6N1, 54; 7N5, 25
Goldwater, Senator Barry-2N1, 8
Gorman, Lt. Col. Thomas P. -
7N1,27;7N5,33
Grant, Alan J. -5N3, 69; 6N3, 33
Greiser, John W. -7N3, 67
Gromer, Dick-1 N4, 24
Gulley, C. T. -5N6, 68
Haley, Daniel E. -2N2, 4
Handzel, Paul S. -3N1, 15; 3N2, 12
Hapgood, W. H.-1N2, 7
Hardin, Clyde D. -6N2, 33
Harper, Terry -6N2, 11
Heilmeier, Dr. George -
5N2,21; 6N5, 39
Heintz, K. J. -5N5, 87
Hice, J. R. -1 N3, 10
Hurd, Major Peter-2N2, 17
Hurley, G. W. --5N3, 51
Huse, W. -3N4, 16
Hyatt, Bland B. -6N6, 62; 7N1, 122
Hylton, HarveyT. -7N3, 43
Johnston, Stephen L-
6N3, 41; 6N6, 49; 7N1, 48; 7N3, 59
Jones, General David-7N2, 21
Jordan, Gary Blake-5N4, 67; 5N6, 63;
6N1, 72; 6N3, 65; 6N4, 37; 7N1, 48;
7N4, 69
Judd, Colonel James-7N5, 101
Kaplan, Albert-1 N4, 13
Kasporek, Dennis D. --7N5, 70
Keaton, Colonel Jack Leo - 7N5, 103
Keenly, R. R. --5N1. 63
Kidd, Jr., Admiral IssacC.--5N1, 14
Kilpi, William -7N5, 52
Kivi, Aare--2N4, 32
Klaassen, Jr., Clarence F. -7N5, 133
Klein, Walter F. -5N6, 71
Knight, R. I. -5N2, 53
Konotchick, John A. -3N3, 33
Kruty, Martin P. -3N2, 16
Kushner, Allan M. -6N2, 59
Laird, Melvin R. .-4N1, 4
Lander, Bob -CC 21\15, 32
Lane, Thomas-6N5, 24; 7N2, 36
Lampos, N. J. -6N6, 44
Lanza, Frank-7N1, 81
72
Joseph L. -6N3
Legin
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NEWS
Publisher's Memo
On Z-Gram's, SALT and The Economics of Detente
When retired Admiral Elmo Zumwalt was Chief of well taken, but his optimistic trust that economi
Naval Operations, his tenure was characterized by the culties and incentives will ensure Moscow's accc,
"Z-Gram", which emphasized getting to the point, cut- of detente might be misplaced. The prestigious
ting red tape and wasting no time. Recently, the former national Institute for Strategic Studies sees a con
CNO issued another Z-Gram of sorts when he testified strengthening of Soviet forces, especially in v
before a Congressional Committee on SALT. And Russia's bleak record with their grain harvests,
Zumwalt's ability to get to the point was never more once again points out their humiliating depends.
vividly evident when he charged naivete, ineptness and the U.S. Therefore, it should not surprise
concealment on the part of U.S. SALT negotiators and Soviets pushed ahead with the high power ',as.
the principal architect of U.S. SALT strategy, Secretary cause their basic posture is that it is better to be
of State Kissinger. than weaker. Traditionally, Soviet responses to'
Recent evidence of Soviet experimentation with high military technological advances ha, been wit n:
power lasers to blind U.S. warning satellites conclu- quantity. Now we have evidence of sophis
sively proves the existence of that lethal analog we quantity in ERP.
spoke of in our last issue. It also raises some serious History points out that economic relationshii
questions about our intelligence community's ability to proven incapable of sustaining political relation
detect SALT violations or provide pre-emptive first stability, peace and order. Political relationsni:
strike warning of it Soviet attack. vide the indisputable leadership within which ne
Washington is now openly speculating as to when beneficial economic relations evolve. In the abr.
Secretary Kissinger will be jettisoned by the Adminis- this political prime mover, economic exchang.
tration, and no longer if he will be discarded. Kissinger's no guarantee of peace or mutual gains. One
popularity is probably at an all-time low. He was de- ample of this is the listless drifting of the
feated in several Congressional votes on military aid to Market, which hoped to achieve political uni_..
Turkey. Supporters of Israel have charged that he is economic accord in Europe. Those who pole
putting undue pressure on the Jewish state. Even the logic of economic rationality between the
dispatch of 200 American technicians to the Sinai, to U.S.S.R. as the basis for political accords
implement the Middle East truce, took more than a. reflect on these lessons of history.
month to get through Congress although it should have And, in the case of the electronic warfare cc:r
cleared easily. A Kissinger endorsement no longer which is a strong technological repository of s
means smooth sailing on the Hill for foreign policy balance in any SALT formula and a signific.
legislation. Congress has come to view Mr. Kissinger nomic entity in its own right, any cruise missi ,
as being politically vulnerable. One example of this is sions for Backfire bomber restrictions can on
the Pike Committee's willingness to pursue contempt to make the United States a clear and indelible
citations against the Secretary in connection with their Two in the eyes of an adversary who aspires to a ,
investigations of intelligence activities. of technological strength. And while the pohi.
It is at this writing difficult to figure out what effects nomic aspects of this nation's SALT strate;
all this criticism has had on Mr. Kissinger's standing complex and based on many elements, one c ui
abroad. One is prompted to wonder what the Russians regard the candor of the Zuniwalt testimony
think about an accord on SALT and the ability of Kis- concerns it raises.
singer to get it through the Senate. But one thing is for Just how technology enters into the SALT
sure, the essential Soviet view of `stronger is better' tions is still, as yet, undetermined. It still rema.
een what technological cc?r,cessit ns might _,
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