SPECIAL MEMORANDUM FOREIGN RADIO AND PRESS REACTION TO NEW YORK TIMES SERIES ON THE C.I.A

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP68B00432R000500020013-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 56
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 4, 2000
• Sequence Number: 13
• Publication Date: May 12, 1955
• Content Type: MEMO

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SPECIAL MEMORANDUM
FOREIGN RADIO AND PRESS REACTION
to
NEW YORK TIMES SERIES ON
THE C.I.A.
- 12 May 1966
FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
.92221a. Page No.
USSR 1
COMMUNIST CHINA 14
CZECHOSLOVAKIA 16
EAST GERMANY 24
HUNGARY 31
POLAND 32
RUMANIA 42
YUGOSLAVIA 46
CUBA 51
CYPRUS 52
AUSTRIA 53
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Moscow in French to Africa 1700 GMT 28 April 1966--L
(Text) Today we shall lend our microphone to American journalists John
Finney, Max Frankel, Tom Wicker, and E. W. Kenworthy, who have published
an article in the New York TIMES entitled "Intervention, Invasion, and
Spying All in a Day's Work." It appears from 'What one can read of
Congolese events (words indistinct) from the first days of its existence.
During its entire independent existence, this African country has been
the victim of gross interference (passage indistinct) and direct armed
interference, the American journalists state. This conclusion is justified.
They quote the facts which have forced them to this conclusion.
CIA began its activities in Congo Leopoldville in 1960. It sent agents
throughout the country who became acquainted with Congolese political
life and recruited people who could serve as leaders. Through these agents,
CIA financed the presumed pretenders to power in Leopoldville. It was
indeed the American espionage service which found Joseph Mobutu, Victor
Nendaka, and Albert Ndele. CIA also played an important role in making
Cyril Adoula Lumumba's provisional successor. Funds earmarked by CIA
headquarters at Langley were a decisive factor in the voting by which
Adoula came to power. Four deputies of the Congolese Parliament paid by
CIA gave Adoula the necessary majority.
The New York TIMES journalists also state that Tshombe was put in power in
the Congo by decision of CIA. To consolidate Tshombe's power, CIA helped
its henchman enroll mercenaries and equip them with modern American weapons
to fight the insurrection. CIA also paid the counterrevolutionary Cuban
pilots who had fled their country; the European mercenaries received their
wages from the same source.
CIA is continuing its activities in the Congo Leopoldville, the American
journalists conclude. Its agents usually work in close contact with
government officials, local espionage services, and the police. Many
persons on the CIA payroll presently occupy posts at the American Embassy
in Leopoldville,serving in various economic capacities. Such is the point
of view of the American journalists about those who'are directing the
latest events in the Congo Leopoldville.
(Editor's Note: This commentary was also broadcast on Moscow's French
language broadcast to Africa at 1900 GMT on 28 April.)
Moscow TASS International Service in English 1113 GMT 29 April 1966--L
(Text) New York, 29 April--For the past five days, the New York TIMES has
been publishing highly revealing stories on the activities of the Central
Intelligence Agency, the center of the American espionage system. They have
been written by such informed American correspondents as Wicker, Finney,
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Frankel, and Kenworthy. They paint an unseemly picture of CIA's subversive
activities in various countries. Based on documentary material, the New
York TIMES series shows that the United States is using illegal means to
interfere in the affairs of Asian, African, and Latin American countries.
The paper describes CIA activities as a series of dirty illegal actions,
including political blackmail, the staging of coups, and the buying of
elections.
The authors point out that CIA has unlimited funds at its disposal and uses
them at its discretion and without any control. They arrive at the con-
clusion that CIA is deeply interfering in many spheres of the administration's
political and diplomatic activities. The fate of many problems which are of
great importance for the destiny of the world is decided at CIA headquarters.
In the concluding article today, the New York TIMES states that the CIA is
not an "invisible government" at all, but is the real U.S. Government. The
paper declares that CIA is so free from control that neither the American
people nor Congress can easily obtain answers to questions concerning its
activities.
Moscow Domestic Service in Russian 1300 GMT 27 April 1966--L
(Text) Another article from the series about the (?authority) of the
invisible government of the United States, the Central Intelligence Agency,
is printed today in the New York TIMES. The article speaks of the use,of
U-2-type spy planes and of spying from space.
Moscow in English to Eastern North America 0001 GMT 4 May 1966--L
(Text) PRAVDA carries a dispatch from New York about new material exposing
the subversive activities of the CIA. It appears that not only Michigan State
University was used for a number of years by the CIA to strengthen the Diem
puppet regime in Vietnam. A number of colleges and other higher educational
institutions in the United States, in particular the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, are linked with the CIA and are being used for subversion against
other countries.
Documentary evidence now appearing in the American press, says PRAVDA,
demonstrates how governments are overthrown by bribery and blackmail,
how the United States interferes in the domestic affairs of Asian, African,
and Latin American countries by rigging elections and other illegal actions.
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Moscow TASS International Service in English 0909 GMT 4 May 1966--L
(Text) New York--The scandal of CIA infiltration into Michigan State
University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a rather
typical thing.
Columnist James Reston writes in today's New York TIMES that quite a
few other American universities are engaged in CIA-financed projects.
Reston goes on to say that the CIA endangers the good name not only of
universities, but also of prominent journals, and extends its tentacles
to the most diverse branches. He writes that archeologists and journalists,
writers and editors of academic journals, are usually not very rich peoplet
and some of them cannot resist the temptation to "make some money." The
Central Intelligence Agency does not hesitate to use them whenever possible.
CIA encroachments are resented at the universities. This week students
of Stanford University in California protested against the university's
"contracts" with the Central Intelligence Agency.
Moscow in Thai to Thailand 1330 GMT 7 May 1966--B
(Text) Dear Listeners, half of the employees of American diplomatic missions
abroad are spies; in some missions, 70 percent of them are spies. Moreover,
a large number of Americans are conducting espionage activities in various
countries under the guise of tourists, intellectuals, educators, and
representatives of mass organizations.
The American New York TIMES, commenting on the activities of the U.S. Central
Intelligence Agency for the past 19 years, said;; The U.S. Central Intelligence
Agency has become a primary tool of the U.S. Government in carrying out (several
words indistinct). The carrying out of sabotage against the Soviet Union,
other socialist countries, and Asian, African, and Latin American countries
has become the policy of Washington authorities. The New York TIMES added:
CIA personnel carry out their duty with the approval of leading U.S. politicians.
These facts as reported by the newspaper are proof that the imperialists'
activities endanger the independence, freedom, and security of the nations of
the world. These facts are clearly demonstrated by the events that took
place in the Congo, where the people have suffered misfortune due to U.S.
aggression. In 1960, Allen Dulles, then director of the U.S. Central Intelli-
gence Agency, maneuvered to get hirelings in Singapore (several words indistinct).
Washin7,ton then sent a message to the Prime Minister of Singapore asking to
be let off quietly. However, after several years--that is, in August of last
year--when Singapore withdrew from the Federation of Malaysia--Singapore
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Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew said that Washington had offered him a bribe
to keep quiet about the above message. (sentence indistinct)
The New York TIMES continued: The annual budget for the U.S. CIA activities
amounted to 500 million dollars. The CIA spends the money to recruit 15,000
spies, to feed CIA personnel in 30 U.S. cities, and to help American hire- -
lings who wish to make foreign tours, particularly to the socialist countries.
A person who has a perfect knowledge about the dirty activities of the CIA
told a New York TIMES correspondent such activities were the most dirty and
shameless maneuvers.
Dear listeners, what you just have heard is a commentary dealing with the
activities of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency.
Moscow in English to South Asia 1000 GMT 10 May 1966--L
(Text) The world has just celebrated the 21st anniversary of the great
victory over fascism in World War II. It is natural that on this occasion
thoughts turn to numerous new ways in which the forces ranged against peace
and freedom seek to reassert themselves.
In many parts of the world, especially in Asia, there is an awareness of
the dangers from these dark forces and the need to redouble efforts to fight
them. The unsought war in Vietnam has ripped the mask off the face of
imperialism, which in the garb of a friend and benefactor tries to return to
Asia and subjugate the people. Peace and freedom are indivisible. Today
they face the same challenge and from the same quarters; namely,imperialism
and neocolonialism. With a weakening of their position in the face of the
rising tide of the national liberation movement and the working class and
socialist movement, these quarters--primarily the U.S. imperialists--have
stepped up their subversive activities against peoples and countries. Not
only Vietnam, but every newly emergent nation which (?cherishes) its freedom
is exposed to the imperialist threat.
Recent disclosures in the American press of the activities of the Central
Intelligence Agency of that country--or the CIA as it is called--only help
to heighten the awareness of danger. The study shows that the CIA is a vast
secret undercover organization whose tentacles reach far and wide. In its
warm embrace, freedom is the first casualty. Its agents penetrate under
various guises--as tourists and journalists, (?peddlers), or Peace Corps
workers, farmers or teachers. They are part of every U.S. embassy enjoying
diplomatic immunity and use them for the inglorious ends of counterrevolution.
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For instance, the study admits that (?way back) in 1960 CIA agents in Laos
disguised as military advisers engineered local uprisings and rigged local
elections to set up a pro-American government. These operations, it was said,
were carried out at the bidding of White House and State Department leaders.
It was the CIA, the study says, that built up Ngo Dinh Diem as the pro-American
head of the South Vietnamese Government. After the French left, the CIA found
him in a monastery cell in Belgium and brought him back to Saigon as premier.
What part the CIA played in the successive changes of government in that
unfortunate land is not difficult to guess.
It was the CIA that ran the (passage indistinct). Its (?foreign) missions
include the infamous U-2 flights over socialist territory which Soviet
rockets exposed so spectacularly.
The authority of the CIA is so vast that at times it appears to be dictating
to the White House and the Pentagon. The fact is that it is the secret arm
of American diplomacy. All the tall and pious talk about peace and cooperation
which comes from U.S. officialdom is reduced to sham in the face of the recent
revelations. They show, among others things, that even outer space is not
excluded from the CIA's domain. Spying is part of the task of U.S. space
research. Even friends are not spared. This was graphically illustrated by
the incident in Singapore, when the CIA and British intelligence crossed
swords. This followed an attempt by the CIA to launch a counterspying
project in Singapore--such is its lack of scruples.
Against socialist Europe and revolutionary Cuba the CIA's activities are very
marked. It was the CIA that dug an underground tunnel into socialist Berlin,
and it was this counterrevolutionary organization again that launched the
Bay of Pigs attack against Cuba.
The U.S. press studies admit that the CIA provides technical assistance to
most Latin nations by helping them establish anticommunist (words indistinct).
It promotes anticommunist front organizations of students and others and it
pours out money to influence elections against such patriots as Cheddi Jagan
of British Guiana.
In southeast Asia, the New York TIMES study says, over the past decade the
CIA has been so active that the agency in some countries has been the principal
arm of U.S. policy. It is said, for instance, that they have been so success-
ful at infiltrating the (?top) of the Indonesian Government and army that the
United States was reluctant to (words indistinct) CIA cover operations by
withdrawing aid and information programs in 1964 and 1965. It helped the
election of Ramon Magsaysay as president of the Philippines and admits to
having carried out spying operations in India to assess its nuclear capability.
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The list of its past activities and its current program is indeed incomplete.
It is no wonder that the disclosure about how the CIA agents served among
Michigan State University scholars sent to Vietnam in 1955 has raised the
gravest suspicion in India, where the U.S. Government is sponsoring (?a new)
educational foundation. At a recent debate in Parliament in New Delhi,
V.K. Krishna Menon--a foreign policy associate of the late Jawaharlal Nehru--
found it necessary to sound a note of warning against the
ialists returning by the back door.
From the Pacific to the ends of the Indian Ocean, peoples
(?aroused) by these new dangers to their freedom. Supporters of peace and
freedom are rallying together in a new wave of protest against the imperialists'
aggressive hankerings. In the same way as the people's great movement halted
the rise of fascism 21 years ago, imperialist designs also will be foiled.
The enhanced role of the Soviet Union and the socialist camp in the battle for
peace and their decisive voice give added strength to the struggle to secure
peace and freedom.
danger of imper-
and countries are
Moscow KOMSOMOLSKAYA PRAVDA 30 April 1966--A
(Anonymous article: "How to Recognize a CIA Agent: The New York TIMES
Gives the Answer")
(Text) The history of the formation and overthrow of the Congo government
would be incomplete without consideration of the subversive activities of
the U.S. CIA. A group of leading correspondents of the New York TIMES=-Tom
Wicker, John Finney, Max Frankel, and Kenworthy--authoritatively confirm in
their paper many of the facts previously known to the African public.
In an article entitled "Intervension and Espionage in Daily Activities,"
the New York TIMES pointed out that "in 1960, after the Congo received its
independence, the modest CIA office in Leopoldville was virtually transformed
overnight into an embassy and a miniature war department. . . (KOMSOMOLSKAYA
PRAVDA ellipsis) Starting almost from scratch, since the Belgians had for-
bidden Americans even to meet Congolese official personalities, the CIA sent
its agents all over the country."
"The CIA," the New York TIMES continues, "indeed played an important role in
naming Cyrille Adoula as Lumumba's successor. The money and glittering
American cars provided by CIA headquarters in Langley, according to people'
statements, were a decisive factor in the voting which brought Adoula to power.
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"At the time when Moise Tshombe returned to power in the Congo--with the
tacit consent of the Americans if not directly through their efforts--
it became obvious that not only dollars and automobiles but urgently delivered_
arms and planes would also be necessary for the protection of a Leopoldville
government which enjoyed U.S. patronage."
As in other areas, the CIA agents in Africa are divided into two groups:
"those who are engaged in the really dirty work--the spies and counter-
intelligence agents, the saboteurs, the leaders of paramilitary operations,
and the suborners of revolution; and the more numerous agents who work under
the broader protection of official diplomatic missions. The latter are
carried on mission registers as officers for political or economic affairs,
Treasury representatives, consular officers, AID employees, or USIS employees.
It is easy to recognize the leader of the CIA section because he has a car
equal to the ambassador's and sometimes a house, for example in Lagos, which
is even better than that of the ambassador.
"Evidently the number of agents abroad is carefully hidden even from advisers
as close to the President as was historian Arthur Schlesinger. In his book
'A Thousand Days' Schlesinger stated that 'there are almost as many people
abroad under official disguises as there are employees of the State Department.
This amounts to roughly 6,600.people.'"
Moscow PRAVDA 3 May 1966--A
(Article by N. Kurdyumov: "Under University Cover--The American Pres S on
the Subversive Activities of the CIA")
(Text) A student demonstration was held recently before the home of John
Hannah, president of Michigan State University, in East Lansing. They
protested the imprisonment of four of their comrades who had been arrested for
distributing literature against the war in Vietnam on the property of this
educational institution. University authorities declared, if you please,
that the arrested persons had violated "the normal work of the university"
and its regulations.
Soon afterward the April issue of the magazine RAMPARTS appeared in California,
containing revealing material on the activities in Saigon of the "boys from
Langley"--agents of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency.
At first glance one would be inclined to ask, where is the logical connection
between the attempt of the administration of Michigan State University to
stifle opposition against the war and the espionage business of CIA, located
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some 1,000 miles from the State of Michigan? Actually, however, there is
a direct tie with a long and disgraceful history.
The anger of the university authorities is explained by the fact that the
university had acted as a cover for CIA in working out its dirty activities
in South Vietnam. It was this little-known aspect of the "work" of Michigan
State Univcr3ity which RilPARTS related in its pages.
The connection between the university and the Ngo Dinh Diem regime began a
long time before he became the American puppet in Saigon. A certain Wesley
Fishel, who held the modest post of assistant professor of political sciences
at Michigan State University met Diem in Tokyo in 1950, at a time when the
exiled Vietnamese politician possessed nothing but ambition and readiness
to kiss the feet of his benefactors. Fishel strived to make Diem known. The
two rascals became friends and frequently exchanged letters. When, following
the efforts of the CIA, Diem was appointed premier in Saigon in 1954 his
first step was an official request to Washington, asking that Fishel be
sent out as a personal adviser.
Naturally the request was met. Fishel arrived without delay. Upon his
insistence, a group of professors from Michigan State was soon sent to Saigon
to study the question of aid to the Diem regime. Participants in this group
noticed that their colleague Fishel, together with other CIA agents, was
engaged in feverish activity to strengthen the puppet regime of Diem. Fishel's
efforts were rewarded when the National Security Council in Washington decided
to give Diem every assistance. Michigan State University was given the task
to serve as a cover for implementing this operation.
The contract on "technical aid," the conclusion of which was recommended by
the "inspection command" upon its return to the United States, was unprecedented
in the history of the university's work abroad. The magazine writes that "under
this contract Michigan State University was obliged to do everything for
Diem, beginning with the training of his police and ending with preparing the
text for the constitution."
The same Fishel became head of the group which was to carry out the contract.
The group was responsible for the proper functioning of the civil service and
police, for supplying the Saigon police with weapons and ammunition, for
guarding Diem's residence, and for the work of the Vietnamese Bureau of
Investigation.
Materials published in RAMPARTS had the effect of an exploded bomb. Papers
bristled with reports on this unusually scandalous exposure. In this connection
it became clear that not only Michigan State University, but also a number of
other higher educational institutions of the United States, particularly the
famous Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where the "center for international
studies" exists, were also connected with the CIA for many years.
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All this and many other revelations of CIA activities prompted the New
York TIMES, according to a statement of the editorial board of the paper,
to analyze on the basis of existing data the role of the CIA in U.S. foreign
policy and to look deeper into its methods and the relationship between the
CIA and government and nongbvernment organizations. The results of this
analysis have just been published in five installments.
The authors of the articles are well-versed American journalists and corres-
pondents of the TIMES: Thomas Wicker, John Finney, Max Frankel, and E. W.
Kenworthy. In their articles they painted a sweeping picture of the subversive
activities of the CIA in various countries of the world. The extensive material
in the New York TIMES, based on documentary information which is in the hands
of the paper's correspondents, shows how the United States is illegally
interfering in the affairs of Asian, African, and Latin American countries.
The paper describes CIA activities as a series of "dirty, illegal actions,"
including political blackmail, the staging of coups, and the buying of elections.
The authors point out that the CIA has unlimited funds which it uses at its
discretion and almost without control. They reach the conclusion that the
CIA is deeply interfering in many spheres of the political and diplomatic
activity of the American Government. The outcome of many problems which are
of great importance for the destiny of the world is decided within the
walls of CIA headquarters.
Moscow PRAVDA 6 May 1966--A
(Article by N. Kurdyumov: "A Repulsive and Mean Business")
(Text) Americans familiar with the Lagos scene recently reported that state
officials as well as many inhabitants of the Nigerian capital were suspicious
because a medium-rank American diplomat in Lagos had a considerably more
luxurious residence than the highest U.S. diplomatic representative in the
country. Their suspicions were justified, because it turned out tI. this
was in fact the resident American espionage agent or, as they say in Washington,.
the CIA chief of station.
Here is another fact gleaned, like the first, from American press sources:
In many U.S. embassies abroad, more than half of the entire staff is
composed of intelligence agents while in some diplomatic representations they
total 75 percent. This does not include the great number of secret agents
active in the same countries under the guises of businessmen, tourists,
scientists, students, missionaries, and representatives of welfare organizations.
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The examples listed above convincingly prove the role today assigned CIA
by Washington in the implementation of its foreign policy. This is by no
means an exaggeration. "From wiretapping to influencing elections and
from bridge-blowing to armed invasions, CIA has become a vital instrument
fer the American government." This is the opinion of Americans themselves
and, moreover, of people who are well-versed in these matters.
In the above case, we cited an example from an article in the country's
leading paper, the New York TIMES, which, as already reported in PRAVDA,
at the end of April published a detailed analysis of CIA activities during
the 19 years of its existence. The editors of that bourgeois paper naturally
were not trying to expose the subversive work of the American espionage service.
No, the paper expressed enthusiasm over the CIA and cautiously posed the question
of whether a guarantee existed against this monster getting out of control.
The facts listed in the analysis are very interesting. They clearly prove
that espionage and the staging of coups and armed intervention have become
one of the basic methods of U.S. foreign political activities and that subversion
against the Soviet Union, the other socialist countries, and the independent
states of Africa, Asia, and Latin America has long ago been elevated in
Washington to the level of state policy. Basic "cloak and dagger" operations,
as we read in the New York TIMES, are implemented by the CIA "with the approval"
of U.S. leaders. In this connection, the heads of State Department desks in
charge of areas where subversive operations are being staged are frequently
not even notified of them.
The facts cited by the paper show that such imperialist methods create a real
threat to peace--a threat to people's freedom and independence. The tragedy
of the Congolese people, who fell victim to U.S. intervention, is an example
of this.
When in 1960 the Belgian colonialists under the pressure of the liberation
movement were forced to grant independence to the Congolese people, American
political strategists instructed the CIA "to recruit leaders for a pro-American
government" in the Congo. The comparatively modest staff of CIA agents in
Leopoldville grew instantly, according to the authors of the article, "into a
virtual embassy and miniature war department." This was not done to compete with
U.S. diplomatic and military representations in the Congo. U.S. imperialist
circles placed special hopes on the CIA's secret activities. According to
their plans, the Belgian colonialists were to be replaced by American colonialists.
CIA agents flooded the country. They recruited new agents, financed political
parties and groups, bought political leaders, and insured their rise to power.
The authors of the article note that the CIA played the main role in Adoula's
appointment as premier. It is said that "money and shiny American automobiles,
furnished thanks to the astuteness of CIA headquarters, were the decisive
factors in the voting which brought Adoula to power," the New York TIMES notes.
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The article also lists many other details of outright U.S. political and
military interference in Congolese affairs. At the time of Noise Tshombe's
accession to power, the American intelligence service in Leopoldville
concluded that money alone would not suffice. Aircraft and military equip-
ment were requested from Washington. To avoid open American participation
in the intervention, this operation was assigned to the CIA. Aircraft
were unpd tp ati;Ulc patriotic forces. This is one of the episodes of the
Congolese operation:
Not far from Nia Nia in northeastern Congo, 600 Congolese soldiers and
100 white mercenaries were encircled by patriotic forces and exposed to
strong fire. Suddenly: American B-26's appeared. They subjected the
patriotic toops to heavy bombing and strafing and helped the members of the
punitive forces break out of the encirclement. The planes were piloted by
Cuban counterrevolutionary emigres recruited from those who survived the
attempted Cuban invasion three years before. They were formally hired by
a dummy private company in Florida.
The technical servicing of the aircraft was entrusted to European mechanics
obtained through advertisements published in London newspapers. However,'
the CIA was behind these machinations. Moreover, the article notes, some
CIA agents "subsequently personally participated in air raids in support of
the South African and Rhodesian mercenaries. At first the State Department
denied it, although later it insisted that Americans be kept out of combat."
The American intelligence service also operates with equal brazenness in
other African, Asian, and Latin American countries. The Singapore story
which has become public serves as an example. In 1960 the then CIA Director
Allen Dulles ordered the recruitment of agents in Singapore, which was about
to join the Malaysian Federation. Dulles suspected that the British secret
service was far from reporting all its findings to him. A CIA agent with a
lie detector in his luggage left Tokyo for Singapore to verify the loyalty
of candidates for espionage activities. However, he was quickly exposed and
Of course Washington ? denied any evil intent, but through closed channels an
apology was sent to the Singapore Prime Minister. However, the story, which
greatly upset the British secret service, did not end there. Last August,
Singapore left the Malaysian Federation and Prime Minister Lee made public
a few additional details. He reported that Washington had offered him a
bribe of several million dollars to hush up tie ? story. Forgetting the
apology, the U.S. State Department declared that the charge of an attempted
bribe was. allegedly false. The Singapore Prime Minister then published
the text of Rusk's 1961 apology and added that to make it more convincing he
could release an interesting tape recording to the press. Washington
publicly hastened to admit that CIA agents had done something which warranted
an apology.
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The intervention in Guatemala against the legitimate Arbenz government
in 1954, the organization of the disgraceful Cuban invasion, the installation
of American puppet Ngo Dinh Diem in Saigon, and hundreds of other facts
characterize CIA's diversionist espionage operations in all parts of the world.
According to the New York TIMES, the annual budget of all U.S. intelligence
:-.;cirvIces is 3 billion dollars and the lion's share goes to the CIA. This
money is used by the CIA to maintain 15,000 agents and its headquarters,
to staff permanent offices in 30 American cities, and to recruit temporary
and permanent agents from people who are planning trips abroad, particularly
to the socialist countries. "In great secrecy," the newspapers says, "the CIA
fully or partly subsidizes a wide circle of various undertakings--'private'
closed funds, publishers of books and magazines, international research schools
at universities, law firms, 'offices' of all sorts, and radio stations abroad."
Resorting to graft and blackmail, CIA agents are trying to penetrate the ranks
of the security services of certain African countries, to collect information
on national liberation movements, and to "befriend" opposition leaders.
In most Latin American countries, the CIA provides "technical assistance"
in the form of anticommunist police forces and financing various reactionary
organizations. CIA agents constantly interfere in elections in Latin American
countries by bribing and financing pro-American candidates and trying to
discredit the genuine representatives of the people, as happened in British
Guiana.
In carrying out its assigned function, American intelligence directs its main
efforts at subversive activities against the socialist countries, primarily
against the Soviet Union. The New York TIMES article points out that in this
matter the U.S. espionage service does not stop short of even the dirtiest
methods. The CIA, the article admits, has transformed West Germany into one
of the major bases for its subversive activities against the USSR and the
European socialist countries.
"A disgusting and mean business" is how an expert in American intelligence
service methods characterized CIA activities to representatives of the
New York TIMES.
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Peking NCNA International Service in English 1727 GMT 4 May 1966--W
(Text) Peking--An article in the New York TIMES of 27 April raised a
corner of the curtain and gave a glimpse of the "invisible government"
in the United States, the Central Intelligence Agency, and its filthy
machinations of aggression, intervention, subversion, and sabotage against
other countries. These machinations run through the foreign policy of the
United States like a black thread.
The article shows that the CIA serves as a vital instrument to carry out
the "dirty tricks" of the U.S. Government. Excerpts of the article follow:
At the Ituri River, eight miles south of Nia Nia in northeastern Congo,
a government column of 600 (puppet--NCNA) Congolese troops and 100 white
mercenaries had been ambushed by a rebel force (patriotic armed forces--
NONA) and was under heavy fire. Suddenly, three B-26's skimmed in over
the rain forest and bombed and strafed a path through the rebel ranks for
the forces supported by the United States.
At the controls of the American-made planes were veterans of the Bay of
Pigs invasion of Cuba in 1961. They were recruited three years before
by a purportedly private company in Florida. Guiding them into action were
American "diplomats" and other officials acting as civilians. The sponsor,
paymaster, and director of all of them, however, was the Central Intelligence
Agency, with headquarters in Langley, Va. The CIA's operation in the Congo
was at all times responsible to and welcomed by the policymakers of the
United States.
It was these policymakers who chose to make the agency the instrument of
political and military intervention in another,nation's affairs, for in
five years of stenuous diplomatic effort it was only in Langley that the
White House, the State Department, and the Pentagon found the peculiar combi-
nation of talent necessary to block the creation of a procommunist regime,
recruit the leaders for a pro-American government, and supply the advice and
support to enable that government to survive.
From wire tapping to influencing elections, from bridge-blowing to armed
invasions, in the dark and in the light, the Central intelligence Agency
has become a vital instrument of American policy and a major component of
American Government.
In 1960 after the Congo had gained independence from Belgium, the modest
little CIA office in Leopoldville mushroomed overnight into a virtual embassy
and miniature war department.
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The CIA employs about 15,000 persons and spends about a half billion dollars
a year. For organization purposes, CIA headquarters is divided into four
divisions, each under a deputy director--plans, intelligence, science and
technology, and support.
The Division of Plans and Division of Intelligence perform the basic
functions of the agency.
The Division of Plans is a cover title for what is actually the division
of secret operations or "dirty tricks." It is charged with all those
strategems and wiles associated with the black and despised arts of
espionage and subversion. It was the Plans Division that set up clandestine
"black" radio stations in the Middle East. It was the Plans Division that
masterminded the ouster of the Arbenz government in Guatemala in 1954,
the overthrow of Premier Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran in 1953, and the Bay
of Pigs invasion in 1961.
The CIA agents abroad fall into two groups--both under the Plans Division:
1--There are those engaged in the really dirty business--the spies and counter-
spies, the saboteurs, the leaders of paramilitary operations, the suborners
of revolution. Such agents operate under deepest cover, and their activities
become known only when they are unfortunate enough to be caught and "surfaced"
for political or propaganda purposes. Often unknown to each other, the "deep
agents" masquerade as businessmen, tourists, scholars, students, missionaries,
or charity workers.
2--There are those agents, by far the larger number, who operate under the
looser cover of the official diplomatic mission. In the mission register
they are listed as political or economic officers, treasury representatives,
consular officers or employees of the Agency for International Development,
or United States Information Agency. The CIA chief of station may be listed
as a special assistant to the ambassador or as the top political officer.
Obviously the number of agents abroad is a closely held secret. The historian
Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.,in his book "A Thousand Days," states that those
"under official cover overseas" number almost as many as State Department
employees. This would be roughly 6,600. The CIA maintains field offices
in 30 American cities.
At one time these field offices sought out scholars, businessmen, students, and
even ordinary tourists whom they knew to be planning a trip to the Soviet
Union and East European countries and asked them to record their observations
and report to the CIA on their return.
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Prague in Arabic to the Arab World 1630 GMT 4 May 1966--E
(Text) The leading Czechoslovak paper, RUDE PRAVO, carried an editorial
today on the activities of the CIA. It said: The Congolese rebels had
succeeded in surrounding a government force and a group of white mercenaries
thQ Ituri river, GOMA eight miles from Ni-Ni a town, in northern Congo.
Suddenly, American B-26 planes appeared overhead and dropped their bombs
on the rebels, forcing them to abandon the field. Thus began the extensive
press report published in the New York TIMES about the role of CIA--a role
it is endeavoring to play not only on U.S. territory but in many areas of
the world.
What has happened in the Congo reflects the nature of the CIA's activities,
which would appear to be one big series of adventures. As the New York
TIMES explains it, these activities range from wiretapping to rigging
elections to blowing up bridges to armed intervention. The CIA, which
operates in the dark, docilely implements U.S. policy. (sentence as heard),
Although the New York TIMES says that there is some exaggeration in the
portrayal of CIA activities, the paper recognizes that all the stories about
it have some elements of truth. From this one can draw the conclusion that
the CIA had a finger in planning the assassination of the late Indian prime
minister Nehru and contributed to the war between India and Pakistan. It
has also played an important part in intensifying the anticommunist campaign
in Indonesia; it has supported rightwing circles in Algeria, and bears a major
responsibility for the murder of Patrice Lumumba in the Congo. The CIA also
had an effective part in the ouster of Dr. Nkrumah from Ghana and was behind
the overthrow of Brazilian President Goulart.
This is a quick review of CIA activities in the world. No wonder, therefore,
that many institutions and organizations, even in the United States itself,
are trying to prevent American intelligence operatives from infiltrating
their ranks. This is evident from a statement made by Sorensen, special
adviser to the late President Kennedy, who said: The American Peace Council
has tried to remove from its ranks any person suspected of connection with
the CIA. This same view is shared by a large number of government depart-
ments, institutions, research centers, and even universities in the United
States. CIA employs 15,000 persons directly and spends on espionage and
sabotage more than (words indistinct).
According to dispatches by the CTK correspondent in New York, the New York
TIMES articles have created an uproar, not about the information published
by the paper on CIA, but because these articles brought up the question of
how to control CIA activities. As a result, many voices in the United
States are clamoring for placing this intelligence agency under strict
supervision.
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The New York POST has proposed that (word indistinct) Congress should take
on itself the duty of permanent supervison of this agency's activities.
Bratislava PRAVDA 27 April 1966--A
(CTK dispatch from New York: "Three-Quarters of All Diplomats in the
Service of CIA")
(Text) New York--In some cases, up to 75 percent of the staff of U.S.
representations abroad are actually CIA agents. This was disclosed on
26 April by the New York TIMES in its series of five articles on CIA,
which began on 25 April.
The paper features much information on CIA's activities and organization..
This intelligence service has an annual budget of 500 million dollars, or
one-sixth of expenditures allocated by the U.S. Government for all U.S.
intelligence and espionage activities. CIA employs up to 15,000 people,
half of whom operate abroad.
Prague PRACE and RUDE PRAVO 27 April 1966--A
(Excerpt) Up to 75 percent of the staff of U.S. representations abroad
are in reality CIA agents, writes the New York TIMES.
Prague LIDOVA DEMOKRACIE 30 April 1966--A
(Anonymous article: "CIA, A Burden to the United States")
(Text) One day in 1960, a CIA agent was put up at a Singapore hotel.
He received a visitor and plugged in a lie detector. However, the circuit
overloaded and the entire hotel plunged into darkness. During an investi-
gation of the reason for the breakdown, the agent and his guest were found
and arrested . The former was an American spy.
An international scandal ensued which the U.S. Government tried to hush up
by issuing a false public statement, which it later had to retract as an
outright lie. The U.S. Government only issued the statement five years later
when strong doubts about the CIA had arisen throughout the world.
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It was this story that the New York TIMES used to begin its series of articles
on CIA. It promises that in the articles, two of which have already been
published and which are based on detailed interviews with well-informed
Americans throughout the world, it will answer questions raised by the
world public, particularly whether this organization--which is known to
depose governments and enthrone new ones, to establish armies, to have
organized the invasion of Cuba, to set up airlines, radio stations, and schools,
to finance the publication of books and periodicals, and to establish shops
and industrial enterprises--has gone beyond the control of the U.S. Government
and become the "invisible U.S. Government."
The New York TIMES states that regardless of the extent of control one must
seriously question whether the CIA's existence has not influenced the U.S.
Government to rely too much on secret and impermissible activities--on what
is generally called "dirty tricks." CIA's worldwide reputation is such
and its influence is so exaggerated, it adds, that it has become a burden for
the United States instead of the secret weapon which it should have been
The parer mentions that of the 3 billion dollars allocated by the United States
for intelligence CIA receives 500 million, whereas military intelligence, of
which one hears only seldom, uses up twice as much a year. CIA is housed in
an eight-story building 12 kilometers from Washington. It employs 15,000
people. Cr its departments, the most important is the .plans envision, which
employs agents outside the United States. They number about 2,200. They
are spies, saboteurs, commanders of paramilitary formations, and instigators
of revolutions. They frequently are unknown to each other and operate under
the guise of businessmen, tourists, students, scientists, missionaries,
and employees of social institutions. A large number operate under the
cover of economic officials and employees of representations abroad.
In the United States, the CIA has offices in 30 large cities. Its agents
instruct businessmen, tourists, and students planning to visit countries
"behind the iron curtain" to report to them after their return. The New York
TIMES states that this activity has considerably diminished in recent years.
The main activity pursued by this CIA branch consists of contacts with
industry and universities. It is with a great deal of secretiveness that
the CIA either wholly or partly finances private foundations, faculties
for international studies attached to universities, publishers of books and
periodicals, lawyers, and domestic and foreign radio societies.
Prague LIDOVA DEMOCRACIE of I May 1966--A
(Anonymous report: "The Articles on CIA Created a Sensation")
(Text) The New York TIMES series on the CIA have created a sensation in
the United States. A New York POST editorial demands the speedy establishment
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of a congressional body to bring CIA activities under strict control. This
would make it impossible for this institution to soil the U.S. reputation
in the world. A similar measure is called for by several senators, including
Eugene McCarthy and William Fulbright.
Prague RUDE PRAVO I May 1966--A
(CTK correspondent's dispatch from New York: "CIA Has Thousands of Agents
Abroad")
(Text) New York--The New York TIMES has published a series of five articles
on CIA. This agency, whose interference in American foreign policy is
sometimes undertaken with the knowledge of the U.S. State Department and
sometimes without it, employs 15,000 people and its annual budget amounts
to 500 million dollars. One-fifth of all information comes from agents
abroad "working in the field." The other four-fifths is gathered from foreign
publications, industrial reports, and foreign broadcasts.
In certain representations abroad, CIA agents outnumber genuine American
diplomats. In isolated cases, they comprise about 75 percent of the diplomatic
mission. CIA agents abroad are estimate to total 3,000 to 6,000.
CIA subsidizes the ill-famed Radio Free Europe in Munich. In return, this
station serves the CIA. The agency is particularly busy in West Germany
where it has four offices which are primarily concerned with the European
socialist countries.
Prague LIDOVA DEMOKRACIE:2 May 1966--A
(Anonymous article: "CIA, A Burden for the United States")
(Text) On 30 April we published excerpts from a series of articles on
the CIA in the New York TIMES. Today we publish further examples of the
activities of this organization, which has become a part of the policy
pursued by the American government in its comprehensive activities from
the monitoring of phone conversations and the influencing of election results
to coups against other governments, the preparation of invasions,and
assassinations.
The Scandal Involving Sugar for the USSR:
On 22 August 1962 a British freighter, the Streatham Hill, docked with a
damaged steering gear in the Puerto Rican port of San Juan. It carried
80,000 sacks of Cuban sugar for the Soviet Union. The ship was put in
drydock and 14,135 sacks of sugar were unloaded in order to facilitate
the repairs. Since the United States had declared an embargo on Cuban sugar,
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these sacks were stored in customs warehouses.
While the repairs were under way, a CIA agent rendered the stored sugar
inedible by adding chemicals. A White House official received, quite by
chance, a report which mentioned this sabotage. He informed President
Kennedy who became angry since the discovery of this would give Soviet
propaganda a weapon against the United States. He ordered the spoiled sugar
to remain in port and the USSR did not receive this 14,135 sacks of sugar.
Coffee Instead of Aircraft:
In1954 the CIA organized a revolution against President Jacob Arbenz of
Guatemala. A P-38 interceptor piloted by an American bombed the British
ship Spring Fjord anchored near the coast. The CIA believed that the ship
carried aircraft for the Arbenz government. The pilot dropped three bombs
on it but only one exploded. None of the crew was injured but the ship
ran aground. It was discovered that its cargo consisted of coffee and
cotton. Bissell, a CIA deputy director at the time, admitted that the
bombing had exceeded the framework of existing policy.
Congo, Guatemala, and Iran:
When the Congo became independent, the modest CIA office in Leopoldville
was tremendously expanded and became a small war ministry. The CIA conducted
itself in the Congo as an open instrument of U.S. Government efforts to gain
control of this country and counter Soviet influence. The CIA pushed for
installing Adoula as premier. CIA agents also chose other "representatives
of the Congolese people" and installed them as government officials.
The New York TIMES acknowledges that the CIA overthrew the Arbenz government,
that it deposed Mossadeq in Iran in 1953, and that it organized and directed
the 1961 invasion of Cuba.
As positive aspects of CIA activities, the New York TIMES cites the CIA
forecast of the first Chinese atomic bomb test and CIA penetration of the
Kremlin to acquire a copy of the secret speech delivered by Khrtilshchev on
Stalin in 1956. The New York TIMES also mentions that the CIA arranged for a
CIA agent to become one of Nasir's advisers when he gained power in Egypt.
The agent's office was next to the President's. The paper regards it to
CIA's credit that it operated the U-2 espionage planes which filmed Soviet
territory from 1956 to May. 1960 when Gary Powers was shot down. Let us recall
that at that time President Eisenhower issued a public statement which was
patently untruthful.
How Statesmen Are Followed:
The CIA's intelligence department is organized according to territories.
Experts of all sorts prepare daily reports on the development of events for
the U.S. President and his cabinet. Statesmen of other countries enjoy the
particular attention of the intelligence department. Thus, for example,
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an expert has for several years done nothing but gather and evaluate all
reports on President Sukarno. The paper writes that CIA also devotes its
attention to the state of health of various leading world personalities and
that it studies physicians' assessments on their probable lifespans. Allegedly,
it once lacked sufficient information on one of these statemen and a CIA agent
therefore stole a sample of urine from the Vienna clinic where this statesman
was being treated. American physicians then analyzed this sample themselves.
The Question of Control of the CIA:
The theme of the New York TIMES articles is the question of control. The
CTK correspondent in New York cables in his report on U.S. reaction to the
articles that the paper has hastened to CIA's aid at a time when it is on
the lowest rung of its glory. U.S. involvement in Dominican affairs and the
critical situation in Vietnam are laid at the door of this organization.
Apart from this, the public has been perturbed by instances of CIA agents
going free for actions for which any other citizen would have been punished.
The New York TIMES states that whatever the errors made by the CIA, it acted
with the approval and under the control of U.S. political leaders. Former
CIA Director Allen Dulles and Secretary of State Rusk declare that no action
of a political character was ever undertaken by CIA without appropriate
approval on a high political level. The paper writes that control is hampered
by the necessary secrecy which surrounds the CIA. In this respect, the CIA
is safeguarded by the law against investigations and the publication of reports
on its activities.
As a consequence of the revelations made by the New York TIMES, the International
Studies Center attached to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology severed
all contacts with the CIA in order to avert any misunderstanding. It has
transpired that CIA agents served in South Vietnam as members of the social aid
mission sent there by Michigan State University. Such help thus evokes
the suspicion that all such projects are CIA schemes.
Prague RUDE PRAVO 4 May 1966--A
(Anonymous commentary)
(Text) Near the Ituri River, eight miles south of Nia Nia in northeastern
Congo, the column of government soldiers and the hundred white mercenaries
were surrounded by rebel forces and came under heavy fire. Suddenly, B-26's
appeared over the forest and bombed and mowed down the rebel ranks, thus
supporting the forces backed by the United States. . . ." This is the way
the New York TIMES begins one of the five articles in its interesting and
instructive series. They deal with the force and role played in American
life and politics, as well as in the life and politics of many other countries,
by the CIA, the world's greatest espionage organization.
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The pages of the articles are packed with facts. Some are notorious, others
are new. They deal with the CIA intrigues in the Congo and other activities.
The articles reveal that the crews of aircraft made in the United States
and used in the Congo consisted pf Cubans who had lived through the fiasco
of the 1961 Playa Giron invasion. Naturally, they were hired by a "private"
firm in Florida. Young Britons were hired as aircraft mechanics after
answering advertisements in the London papers.
The author explains: "They were led into action by American 'diplomats'
and officials acting as civilians." He adds: "The patron, financing organiza-
tion, and director was the CIA in Langley, Virginia." In order to avoid
misunderstanding as to who bears ultimate responsibility for the agency's
activity, we read in the articles: "For the duration of the Congo operation,
responsibility was borne by the creators of U.S. policy who welcomed this
action." Whatever is valid for the Congo also holds true for all other CIA
activities.
There are many examples of such actions which grow day by day. First let us
look at things in general as the New York TIMES sees them: "From wiretapping
to influencing elections and from the blasting of bridges to armed inter-
vention, CIA, working in the dark and by day, has become a vital instrument of
American policy and the main component of the U.S. Government."
The TIMES has reservations regarding certain actions and declares that perhaps
they are "fabricated accusations." However, it immediately adds that there
can be truth in even the wildest reports. This is therefore also valid for
reports that the CIA had its fingers in plans for an attack on Nehru, that
it helped unleash the war between India and Pakistan, that it played a
certain role in the persecution of communists in Indonesia, that it supported
rightist circles in Algeria, that Lumumba's murder must be laid at its door,
that it aided in the overthrow of President Nkrumah, that it gained certain
prestige from the fall of President Goulart, and that . . . simultaneously
with the Congo campaign the CIA agents smuggled reactionary Tibetans out of the
CPR.
T. Sorensen, former adviser to President Kennedy, wrote that when the so-
called Peace Corps was being established its leadership endeavored as much as
possible to keep the CIA as far away as possible. It is a moot question whether
it managed to achieve this. 'A certain number of American government offices,
papers, enterprises, charity organizations, research institutes, and univer-
sities do everything they can to save themselves from infiltration by CIA agents.
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The CIA employs 15,000 people. Its annual budget amounts to 500 million
dollars, although the United States actually allocates 3 billion annually
for espionage. One-fifth of the information is supplied by field agents
at home and abroad. The remaining four-fifths is sifted from books, periodicals,
papers, scientific publications, radio and television broadcasts, and so forth.
According to a report by the CTK correspondent in New York, the series
published by the New York TIMES has caused a great sensation not only by
the facts it contains but also by the question that it asks: "Is it at all
possible or advisable to control the activities of this espionage organization?
If the answer is yes, in what way? The TIMES wants to calm the public by
declaring that the CIA is "under far stronger political control than most
critics believe." However, a different opinion is expressed by the liberal
New York POST, which appeals for speedy establishment of a congressional
committee that would place the CIA "under strict control" in order that its
activities "would not damage the U.S. reputation throughout the world." Which
of the two papers is nearer the truth is determined by CIA's own history.
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EAST GERMANY
East Berlin Deutschlandsender in German 1607 GMT 3 May 1966--G
(Joachim Rabe commentary)
(Text) During the 1963-64 Congo war, the following incident occurred:
At the Ituri River in the northeast Congo, troops of the reactionary Tshombe
regime were under heavy fire from liberation forces. Suddenly three U.S.
B-26 bombers appeared over the rain forest and bombarded the liberation
fighters. Cuban counterrevolutionaries who participated in the 1961 aggression
against Cuba were at the controls of these planes. The maintenance personnel
for the planes--European technicians--were hired through advertisements in
London newspapers. The action was headed by so-called U.S. diplomats. The
actual employer, paymaster, and chief of everything was the CIA, one of
the U.S. secret services.
This could be read recently in the New York TIMES. Prompted by the constant
discussions about the intrigues of this U.S. secret service, the newspaper
launched its own investigation of the CIA's activities: The result is now
available in a five-part series. It confirms what has been an open secret
for years: the CIA appears everywhere that progressive developments unwelcomed
by the United States are to be prevented.
:n 1054 the progressive government of Arbenz, unacceptable to the United
States, was eliminated in Guatemala. In 1960 CIA agents, acting as military
advisers, stuffed the ballot boxes in Laos and organized local riots to'help
its puppet Novasan form a pro-American government. It was the CIA which
produced Ngo Dinh Diem as the pro-American dictator of South Vietnam. It
was again the U.S. secret service which in 1961 organized the invasion against
Cuba with Cuban counterrevolutionaries.
All these facts and others have been confirmed by the New York TIMES. If one
considers these facts, one can understand why U.S. propaganda speaks so
vociferously of the alleged export of revolution by the Soviet Union. The
United States needs this lie to divert attention from its use of plots, poison,
bombs, and coups in its continuous interference in the internal affairs of
other countries. When peace was restored between India and Pakistan through
the mediation of the Soviet Union, there were voices in the United States
which regretted that the United States did not appear as the peacemaker.
But because of U.S. subversion in Asia and its involvement in the Indian-
Pakistani border conflict, there was reason enough to leave the United States
out of such peace efforts.
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To calm down the international public, the New York TIMES articles noted
that the actions of the CIA today are no longer staged without knowledge
and approval but under the control of the government. But this only
confirms that not just employees of the secret service but the U.S. govern-
ment itself is responsible for the intrigues of the CIA. Washington should
thus stop lecturing others about freedom, democracy, and self-determination
of nations.
The victims of these intrigues are not limited to other states but include the
U.S. public itself. Senator Fulbright has accused the secret service of
publishing books and articles in which agents, on orders from the CIA,
justify Johnson's policy. Fulbright stated that this is an attempt to system-
atically misinform the U.S. public. In short, it is about time to free
international life from those dirty tricks which belong to the trade of CIA.
(Editor's Note: In its foreign policy morning program East Berlin Domestic
Service (Berliner Rundfunk) at 0754 GMT 5 May carried a.six-minute excerpt
from the New York TIMES article series on CIA activities without comment.
Because of a transmitter failure about one minute of the report could not
be heard. The excerpts read in the remaining five minutes dealt with the
activities of "CIA sky spies;" criticism of CIA work at the time of the
erection of the Berlin wall, at the time of the division of the UAR and Syria,
and in some other cases; and reportage on CIA activities in Germany. The radio
noted that the CIA maintains an office for general coordination in West Berlin,
and an office for supervising U.S. espionage activities against the Soviet
Union and recruiting agents for espionage activities in communist countries in
Frankfurt. The excerpts read over the radio also included a passage on CIA
activities in Latin American and Southeast Asian countries. Poor reception
precluded more detailed processing.)
East Berlin JUNGE WELT 27 April 1966--C
(Text) New York?U.S. diplomatic missions in various countries are studded
with a very high percentage--often up to 75 percent--of CIA agents, according
to the New York TIMES of Tuesday. The paper describes the CIA as the originator
of several government coups, the 1961 Cuban invasion, and the U-2 espionage
flights over the Soviet Union and other countries.
East Berlin BAUERN-ECHO 28 April 1966--G
(Text) U.S.diplematio missions abroad are infiltrated by agents of the
American CIA to a very great extent. The New York TIS confirms this fact.
The paper writes that up to 75 percent of the U.S. missions abroad are agents
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of this espionage service. The New York TINES writes that the CIA, which
has an annual budget of 500 million dollars, employs more than 15,000 agents,
including more than 2,200 overseas.
(Editor's Note: The Magdeburg VOLKSSTIMME of 28 April and East Berlin's
NEUES DEUTSCHLAND of 28 April carry a similar report.)
East Berlin NEUF.: ZEIT 29 April 1966--G
(Text) An article on CIA, carried by the New York TINES, confirms the fact
that U.S. diplomatic missions abroad are infiltrated to a great extent by
CIA agents. The New York TIMES writes that the CIA, which has an annual
budget of 500 million dollars, employs more than 15,000 agents, including
more than 2,200 in overseas countries. The names of the spies in foreign
countries are strictly secret and are known only to a few selected members of
CIA headquarters and to the bosses of the CIA agents in the relevant countries.
In some embassies there are more CIA spies than civil servants.
their share comes to 75 percent of the total personnel strength
diplomatic mission," the TINES writes. The paper describes the
intellectual originator of the overthrow of the Iranian Premier
in 1953 and the Arhenz government in Guatemala in 1954.
"Sometimes,
of the
CIA as
Mossadeq
According to the New York TIMES, the CIA was also behind the attempted invasion
of Cuba in 1961 which was nipped in the bud by the Cuban people in the Bay of
Pigs. The American U-2 espionage flights over Soviet territory from 1956 to
1950 and attempts to tap telephone lines in a tunnel from West Berlin to
the GDR were also organized by the CIA, which also made bombers available in
support of the imperialist invasion of the Congo.
East Berlin =REINER ZEITUNG 3 Nay 1966--G
(Unsigned article: "Contaminated Sugar--CIA Agents at Work--Sensational
Revelations by the New York TINES." AllelJipSiS and brackets as printed)
(Text) Sabotage, espionage, counterrevolutionary plots and coups--this is
the trade of the CIA. In countless trials of agents, in studies of coups
against progressive governments in Latin America,these three letters--which
hide one of the vilest and least controlled conspiratorial nests of imperialism--
repeatedly crop up.
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In a series of articles, the New York TIMES has examined the activities of
the CIA. In its investigation some hair-raising details concerning the
criminal activities of this unscrupulous intelligence service have only
now come to light.
In the paper's international edition of 29 April, we read the following:
"On 22 August 1962, the S.S. Streatham Hill, a British freighter under Soviet
lease, crept into the harbor of San Juan, Puerto Rico, for repairs. Bound
for a Soviet port with 80,000 bags of Cuban sugar, it had damaged its
propeller on a reef.
"The ship was put in drydock, and 14,135 sacks were unloaded to facilitate
repairs. Because of the U.S. embargo on Cuban imports, the sugar was put
under bond in a customs warehouse. Sometime during the layup, CIA agents
entered the customs shed and contaminated the unloaded sugar with a harmless
but unpalatable substance. Later, a White House official, leafing through
some intelligence reports, came upon a paper indicating the sabotage. He
investigated, had his suspicion confirmed, and informed President Kennedy,
much to the annoyance of the CIA command.
"The president was not merely annoyed, he was furious: because the operation
had taken place on American territory, it would, if discovered, provide the
Soviet Union with a propaganda field day . . . . President Kennedy directed
that the doctored sugar not leave Puerto Rico. This was more easily ordered
than done, and it finally required the combined efforts of the CIA, the
Justice Department, the FBI, the State Department, customs agents, and harbor
authorities to disintrigue the intrigue.
"The Soviet Union never got its 14,135 sacks of sugar. It has not been
disclosed whether they were paid for."
The New York TIMES claims that this method of sabotage is not typical of
the CIA, but, continuing, it has to admit: "On the other hand, the sugar
sabotage cannot be dismissed as merely the unwise invention of some agent
who let his anticommunist fervor get out of control. There is good reason
to believe that a high-level political decision had been taken to sabotage,
where feasible, the Cuban economy. The sugar project, harum-scarum as it
was, developed from a general policy determination in the CIA Plans Division,
and it presumably had the approval of the interagency subcabinet group--an
alleged parliamentary control body--responsible for reviewing all operations
that could have political consequences."
The big bourgeois American paper then discusses the reliability of all such
controls over the CIA and the concern of responsible Americans. It says in
this connection: "It is most of all feared that the CIA, despite its dis-
claimers to the contrary, does on occasion make policy. . . and pursues it
wherever it may lead without day-by-day guidance or restriction from the
political departments of the government.
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"Operations like that of sabotaging the Cuban economy can lead to such
dangerous episodes as the sugar doctoring: They can acquire a momentum
and life of their own whose consequences cannot be anticipated by political
officers who may have originally approved them. Thus, it should be noted,
that, in the sugar tampering, the CIA and its agents unquestionably believed
they were operating within approved instructions. . ."
Thus the paper, in its attempts to justify the operation, must nevertheless
admit the ultimate chief responsibility of the American government.
It reports a similar incident in connection with the CIA-organized plot
against the lawful government of Guatemala, the Arbenz government, in 1954.
This government had begun to implement land reform and to expropriate the
notorious U.S. trust, United Fruit. Washington decided to overthrow this
government. During the putsch, the following happened: "A P-38 fighter,
piloted by an American, bombed a British ship, the Spring-Fjord, which was
lying off shore and was believed to be carrying aircraft to the Arbenz
government. Only one of the three bombs exploded, and no crew members were
injured. The ship, which was actually carrying coffee and cotton, was beached.
Richard M. Bissell, a former CIA Deputy Director for Plans, has admitted that
the bombing was a 'subincident' that 'went beyond the established limits of
policy.'"
One of the most notorious operations of the CIA, it will be recalled, was the
attempted invasion of Cuba which ended ingloriously in the Bay of Pigs fiasco.
The crushing defeat led to serious controversies between President Kennedy
and the CIA. He could not survive another incident like that, Kennedy said
later, according to the New York TIMES. Subsequently, the areas of responsibility
were delineated between the government, the Pentagon, and the CIA. However,
the extent to which the CIA is still being used to implement, with the most
reprehensible means, the objectives of American imperialism, emerges from the
following quotation:
"The committee (to control the CIA) recommended, and the president enthusias-
tically agreed, that'the CIA should leave sizable military operations to the
Pentagon and henceforth limit itself to operations of a kind in which U.S.
involvement would be 'plausibly deniable.' This, however, has proved to be
rule of thumb in which it is often difficult to hide the thumb."
It is not difficult to realize that, in spite of all the talk about controls,
nothing at all has changed; that the CIA is still a dangerous organization
threatening world peace which is given government blessing through alleged
control bodies. Elsewhere in the New York TIMES, it says: "Under a given
policy decision approving a guerrila operation (meaning anermed conspiracy)
in a certain country, for instance, the 54-12 group (an alleged control body)
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might also approve something as specific and important as blowing up a
bridge. But the overall program would go on by itself under the direction
of agents in the field."
Only the following is to be added to the instructive article of the American
paper: In West Germany, and notably in West Berlin, there are countless
CIA offices. Using the methods described by the New York TIMES and similar
methods, they are seeking to undermine the GDR, to sabotage our socialist
building and prepare for X-day. But these dirty intrigues are being
thwarted by the vigilance of the GDR citizens, of our border and security
agencies.
East Berlin NATIONAL ZEITUNG 6 May 1966--G
(Summary) A recent sensational series of articles by the New York TIMES
on the activities of the CIA revealed that this agency is an uncontrolled
organization of conspirators of American imperialism.
The New York TIMES writes as ft:A.1614s about the CIA's support for the Tshombe
mercenaries in their bloody battles against the Congolese patriots: "On
the Ituri River, eight miles south of Nia Nia in the hortheast Congo, a
government column of 600 Congolese soldiers and 100 white mercenaries was
ambushed by rebel forces and was under heavy fite. Suddenly three B-26's
skimmed in over the rain forest and cleared a way through the rebel forces
for the U.S.-supported armed forces with bombs and strafing.
"The U.S.-built airplanes were piloted by anti-Castro Cubans, veterans of
the 1961 Cuban invasion at Playa Giron, who had been hired three years
previously by a well-known private enterprise in Florida. Their aircraft
were serviced by European mechanics who had been hired through advertisements
in London newspapers. They were sent into action by American 'diplomats'
and other officials who were apparently acting as civilians. The sponsor,
paymaster, and director of all of them, howeveroes the CIA with its headquarters
in Langley, Virginia. The swift and effective establishment of an 'instant
air force' in the Congo was the culmination of the full-scale engagement of
the intelligence service there. The CIA was at all times responsible for
the Congo operation to U.S. ruling circles and the action had been approved
by them. These political forces had chosen the CIA to handle the political
and military intervention in the domestic affairs of a foreign state, for it
was obvious that in five years of intensive diplomatic efforts that it was
only in Langley that the White House, the Department of State, and the Pentagon
found the special combination of talents required to prevent the establishment
of a procommunist regime, to find the leaders for a pro-American government,
and VO give advice and support to enable this government to survive."
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In another section of the series, the New York TIMES reports on how CIA
agents contaminated 14,135 sacks of Cuban sugar bound for the Soviet Union:
"On 22 August 1962, the S.S. Streatham Hill, a British cargo vessel under
Soviet charter, slowly moved into the port of San Juan, Puerto Rico, for
repair. En route to a Soviet port with 80,000 sacks of Cuban sugar on board,
it had damaged its propeller on a reef.
"The ship was drydocked and 14,135 sacks were unloaded to make thelrepair
possible. Because of the U.S. embargo on Cuban imports, the sugar was
locked up in a custcms shed. CIA agents broke into the customs shed and
contaminated the unloaded sugar with a harmless but ugly tasting substance.
"Some time later, a White House official came across a paper, while
reading through espionage reports, which indicated the sabotage. He
investigated, found his suspicion confirmed, and informed President Kennedy,
very much to the annoyance of the CIA command. The president was not only
angry, he was enraged, since the operation had taken place on American
territory and if uncovered would provide the Soviet Union with propaganda
material. . . . (ellipsis as printed)
"President Kennedy ordered that the doctored sugar must not leave Puerto Rico.
It was easier to order than to do it, and it finally required the joint
efforts of the CIA, the Department of Justice, the FBI, the Department of
State, and the customs and port authorities to stop the intrigue. The Soviet
Union never received its 14,135 sacks of sugar. It was not learned whether
it was reimbursed for it."
In conclusion, the New York TIMES writes the following about the CIA, which,
by the way, also has numerous offices in West Germany and West Berlin: , "From
the tapping of lines to influencing elections, from blasting bridges to
covert or open invasion, the CIA has become a vital instrument of U.S. policy
and a principal component of the U.S. Government."
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HUNGARY
Budapest NEPSZAVA 29 April 1966--A
(Report: "New York TIMES Exposure on a CIA Operation")
(Text) The New York TIMES recently began the publication of a series of
articles on the activities of the CIA. In its latest issue the paper
unmasked a sabotage mission carried out by the CIA. In this mission CIA
agents trained for sabotage attempted to render a Cuban sugar consignment
bound for the Soviet Union unfit for consumption. The saboteurs went into
action when the British freighter Streatham Hill, carrying the cargo of
sugar, docked in San Juan, Puerto Rico for repairs. The CIA men contaminated
the sugar with a substance that made it unfit for human consumption.
When President Kennedy heard of this mission, he indignantly condemned it
and ordered that the damage caused by the saboteurs be corrected. The
president deplored the CIA's procedure all the more since by then he had
had some very bad experiences with the espionage agency. For instance, the
attempted landing of Cuban refugees supported by American arms in the Bay of
Pigs in Cuba in 1961 was carried out on the basis of information supplied
by the CIA. The fiasco of this undertaking showed what risks are involved
if an important international operation is planned on the information of
and is carried out by those who are the most enthusiastic advocates of
such dangerous actions, the paper asserted.
CIA activities will be under strict control in the future. Nevertheless,
the New York TIMES pointed out, "There are and there probably will be cases
in which this control fails to function."
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POLAND
Warsaw ZYCIE WARSZAWY 27 April 1966--A
(PAP report from New York: "CIA Agents Pose as Diplomats--Revelations
by the New York TIMES")
(Text) The New York TIMES reported on Thursday that in some countries three-
fourths of the diplomatic personnel of U.S. embassies and legations are
agents of the supersecret Central Intelligence Agency posing as diplomats.
The Agency has a budget of 500 million dollars a year, which is one-sixth
of the U.S. Government's expenditures on intelligence services. It employs
15,000 people, 2,200 of whom operate abroad. The names of the secret CIA
agents operating outside the United States are known only to a few top
officials of CIA's headquarters and to the chief of the U.S. intelligence
unit in a given country. Officially this chief usually holds a lower
diplomatic rank in an American embassy, but it is sometimes easy to ascertain
his true job by noting that his car and home are bigger and more luxurious
than those of the ambassador himself.
"In some embassies there are more CIA agents than regular political and
economic employees. In a few embassies agents account for as much as 75
percent of the diplomatic mission personnel," the New York TIMES writes.
The paper also recalls that the CIA was responsible for the overthrow of
Premier Mossadeq in Iran in 1953 and of the Arbenz government in Guatemala
in 1954. The CIA also organized the unsuccessful invasion of Cuba in 1961.
In the past few years the CIA has delivered bombers piloted by Cuban
counterrevolutionaries to support the units of white mercenaries in the Congo.
Warsaw ZYCIE WARSZAWY 5 May 1966--A
(Gamma article:
"'Free' Europe")
(Text) We have already published an extensive article on the New York
TIMES series about the activities of the American CIA. One of the articles
contained the following item on the radio station that we all know and which
is erroneously called "Free Europe:"
"The CIA supports a number of research institutions (This should read
intelligence institutions--ZYCIE WARSZAWY) and major propaganda enterprises
in Munich. One of these is Radio Free Europe, which beams programs to Eastern
Europe; another is Radio Liberty, which beams its programs to the Soviet
Union. Apart from providing entertainment (?!) (ZYCIE WARSZAWY punctuation
marks) and information for millions of listeners in the communist countries,
these 'private'enterprises employ many talented and well informed exiles
from Russia, Poland, Hungary, and other countries."
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POLAND
With regard to the talents and knowledge of the people employed by Radio
Free Europe, we have our own views on that. And we thank the editor of the
New York TIMES for admitting that Radio Free Europe is financed by the
American intelligence service. We have known for a long time that Radio
Free Europe is neither "free" nor "European." The New York TIMES has
reaffirmed this.
Warsaw TRYBUNA LUDU 5 May 1966--A
(Z.S. article: "The CIA in the Eyes of the New York TIMES")
(Text) "An instrument of political and military interference in the
affairs of other nations"--This is how the New York TIMES defines the CIA
in a series of articles published at the end of April. The articles
created a sensation even though they only reported facts and opinions.
This is not for the first time the CIA has been publicly dissected. This
organization has always aroused a great deal of interest and concern in the
United States. This is not because of the methods, nature, and aims of its
activities nor because it "overthrows some governments and sets up others"?
as the New York TIMES puts it, perhaps with some exaggeration--but because
the CIA constitutes a state within a state. It is surrounded by an
atmosphere of secrecy and can and does serve some monopolies or political
groups, which in turn provokes opposition on the part of rivals that are
ignored in one way or another. The CIA itself discloses details of its
activities, perhaps taking more credit than it deserves. It does this to
brag and show that no U.S. Government could pursue a foreign policy without
it, which is true.
This is none of our concern. What is of interest to us is the facts. Most
of them are not new. We mention them here only because American propaganda
passionately denied them when they actually took place. For a long time
Nosavan and Diem were presented to us as advocates of freedom and democracy,
as the beloved sons of their peoples. A great many words were published and
broadcast to convince the world that the Arbenz government in Guatemala was
overthrown by the Guatemalan people, and that the Congolese people had.
dreamed of having a dumb cop like the overlord of Katanga as their leader.
Laos: "In 1960 CIA agents in Laos, posing as 'military advisers' (all single
quotation marks are those of the New York TIMES--TRYBUNA LUDU) filled the
voting boxes with forged ballots and staged a number of local uprisings
tc assist their chosen strongman, General Phouma Nosavan, to organize a
'o-American' government in keeping with the wishes of President Eisenhower
and his secretary of state, John Foster Dulles."
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POLAND
Later on, the CIA provided supplies for the Meo, tribe in Laos "to assist
it in its struggle against the Pathet Lao, since treatyrobligations forbade
the American military advisers to carry out such activities."
South Vietnam: "It was the CIA that sponsored Ngo Dinh Diem as the
pro-American chief of South Vietnam" when he arrived in Saigon from
a Belgian monastery.
The Congo: The CIA brought in planes to fight the national liberation
movement. It was common knowledge at the time that this was done on
Pentagon orders. "These American planes were piloted by anti-Castro
Cubans who were veterans of the Bay of Pigs invasion and who were recruited
by a private organization in Florida. The planes were serviced by European
mechanics who answered advertisements published in London newspapers."
They were sent into action by American "diplomats" and other officials posing
as civilians. But the sponsor, paymaster, and director of all this was
the CIA, whose headquarters is in Langley, Va. The immediate and effective
delivery of "blitz planes" to the Congo was a supreme achievement insofar as
the involvement of the CIA in this country was concerned.
Latin America: "The talents of the CIA for military actions was twice
tested in Latin America. That organization effectively managed the 'liberation'
struggle against the leftwing government of Col. Jacobo Arbenz in Guatemala
in 1954. Seven years later an army organized by the CIA began that
unfortunate attack against the Bay of Pigs from its secret bases in Guatemala
and Nicaragua."
"The CIA gives technical help to most Latin American countries in organizing
anticommunist police forces. . . (TRYBUNA LUDU ellipsis) It spends money
like water during election campaigns to support moderate candidates and
oppose leftist leaders, such as Cheddi Jagan in British Guiana."
We could quote many more such facts. The New York TIMES also recalls the
overthrow of Mossadeq in Iran in 1953, describing it as one of the major
CIA successes; the anti-Chinese provocations, including the organization
of armed incidents in the offshore islands; and the "election" of Ramon
Magsaysay as president in the Philippines in 1953.
For obvious reasons, however, the New York TIMES is more reserved in revealing
the techniques of CIA actions. All the same, it does not grudge us some
characteristic details in this connection. Thus the "supersecret agents"
pose as businessmen, tourists, teachers, students, missionaries, or welfare
organizers. It openly admits that the CIA uses tourists and other people
who travel in the socialist countries. It also admits that the CIA gives
fiscal support to the scientific foundations that send their representatives
abroad.
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POLAND
The CIA offices in West Germany are assigned special tasks. The CIA
station in Frankfurt recruits spies who are sent to the socialist countries.
The Munich station acts as patron to various "research groups" and supports
"such major sources of propaganda as Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty."
The New York TIMES bluntly calls these stations nominally "private."
In its detailed analysis of CIA activities, which also include unsuccessful
and compromising ones, the New York TIMES reaches the conclusion that "an
agent, by design or coincidence, often becomes a participant in the affairs
which he was assigned to observe." What is more, it says that the CIA "has
become the basic instrument of American policy."
It is precisely at this juncture that the paper poses the question: Is it
correct, frankly speaking, for a professional spy to "make" policy and even
give it direction, often confronting the government with accomplished facts?
The answer is negative, but not because the CIA uses murder, forgery, violence,
and so on and interferes in the internal affairs of other states.
This does not upset anyone. This is considered normal, something to which
American policy has an absolute right. It has the right to overthrow
premiers and governments, to forge elections, and, as recently, to bomb
the towns and villages of a foreign country. And no one sees any wrong in
boasting about all this. Besides, the CIA does not act as a lone wolf. It
has "allies in the shape of other American espionage centers and the Pentagon
itself, not to mention the government at whose command it acts and which
accepts the line of action advised by the CIA."
It Was not until the interests of the groups represented by the New York
TIMES--groups that at present have less say in CIA affairs--became involved
that the TIMES developed this concern about the interests of the United
States. This is really harmful in its eyes. . . (TRYBUNA LUDU ellipsis),
hence the vociferous demand that the CIA should be subjected to more
effective control. It is not concerned about changing its activities, but
about making it possible for those who have little or no influence at all
on this "instrument of American policy" to get what they want. That is all.
Warsaw ZYCIE WARSZAWY 4 May 1966--A
(G.J. article: "The New York TIMES versus the CIA")
(Text) The New York TIMES, one of the most serious papers in America, has
assumed the role of a prosecutor. The Central Intelligence Agency, known as
the CIA for short, is the defendant. At the end of April the New York TIMES
published five lengthy articles on the CIA which amount to a violent and well-
deserved bill of indictment.
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POLAND
According to the editorial board of the paper, the articles were prepared
over several months with the help of information supplied by 20 foreign
correspondents. In addition, the paper's Washington correspondents talked
with 50 officials of the present U.S. Government and previous governments,
as well as with members of congress, military officers, and higher officials.
Liberal and progressive American journals, which are published on a small
scale and which therefore have limited influence, have often attacked the
CIA. This is the first time, however, that the CIA has found itself under
attack by the New York TIMES, a paper that is part and parcel of the American
power elite. This could be taken as evidence that there are differences
among the people and groups holding power in the United States; in any case,
this attests to growing doubts about CIA activities, which are dangerous to
peace and to the United States itself.
The New York TIMES editors recalled in their articles a number of more or
less known scandalous activities of the CIA, which in unceremoniously
.interfering in the domestic affairs of other states did not shrink from
organizing political coups, assassinations, swindles, armed actions, removals
of inconvenient adversaries, and "normal" espionage activities--all allegedly
in the interest of the United States. They also recalled the enormous extent
of the CIA apparatus at home and abroad.
The known adventures perpetrated by the CIA include the sending of the U-2
espionage plane over the Soviet Union in 1960, which prevented a summit
meeting; the overthrow of the Moussadeq government in Iran in 1953; the
overthrow of President Arbenz of Guatemala in 1953; and the organization of
the infamous invasion of Cuba in the spring of 1961,. which ended in a complete
defeat in the Bay of Pigs.
The New York TIMES also cites other activities by the CIA which are not so
well known. For example, one of the articles is entitled "The CIA's War
in the Congo." The article is partially devoted to the activities of
American agents during the tragic events in the Congo in the past few years.
According to this article, American planes in the Congo were piloted by
reactionary anti-Castro Cubans, whom the New York TIMES calls "veterans of
the Bay of Pigs invasion."
Another article gives details of the CIA plot to chemically contaminate
a big shipment of sugar en route from Cuba to the Soviet Union. The ship
carrying the sugar had to put into San Juan, Puerto Rico, for repairs. There
CIA agents broke into the warehouse in which the sugar was stored. This
occurred during the presidency of Kennedy, who on learning of this event
prevented the further transportation of the contaminated sugar to the USSR.
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POLAND
The New York TIMES also published open accounts about CIA actions in
Vietnam, Laos, the UAR, and many other countries.
With regard to the organization and apparatus of the CIA, the New York
TIMES says that the CIA's annual budget exceeds 500 million dollars, that
it has offices in 30 American cities where agents are recruited for various
and that it employs at least 2,200 foreign agents who pose mostly
as diplomats, "businessmen," tourists, etcetera.
No less revealing are the conclusions which the New York TIMES draws on
the strength of the facts at its disposal. Before drawing its conclusion,
the paper's editorial board asks a number of questions which, as it says,
people the world over ask themselves. These are the questions:
"Is this secret organization which overthrows some governments and sets up
others, which organized the army that prepared the invasion of Cuba, which
taps telephone conversations and sends spies to radio stations and schools,
and which finances the publication of books and periodicals, slipping from
the control of the politicians to whom it should be subordinated?
"Does this organization in fact harm the national interests of the United
States in seeking to work for its benefit? Does this organization have the
right to spend tremendous amounts of money for ransoms, bribes, and subversive
activities without any control whatsoever and without regard for the conse-
quences? Does this organization deceive the U.S. political leaders or does
it exert an influence on them that in fact makes it an "invisible government"
more powerful than the President himself?"
We shalltry to quote as closely as possible the conclusions of the New York
TIMES editors who, without concealing their concern, if not indignation,
write: "While the institutional forms of political control (over the CIA--
ZYCIE WARSZAWY) appear effective and adequate, it is really the will of the
political officials who must exercise control (over the CIA--ZYCIE WARSZAWY)
that is essential and that has most often been lacking. Even when control
is strict and effective, the question as to what degree CIA information and
political assessments influence foreign policy decisions is more important.
"Regardless of whether political control (over the CIA--ZYCIE WARSZAWY) is
exercised or not, the more important question is whether the very existence
of an effective CIA causes the U.S. Government to rely too much on secret
and illegal actions, on subversive activities, and on what is called in
offical jargon Idirty tricks."
"Finally, regardless of the facts, the reputation of the CIA in the world is
so disastrous and its participation in various events so greatly exaggerated
that it is becoming a burden for U.S. foreign policy rather than the secret
weapon it was supposed to be."
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POLAND
We have quoted a small part of the facts collected by the New York TIMES
editorial board and we have cited some conclusions reached by it. There is
no doubt that the CIA has been put on trial, and its infamous activities
to date as well as its future role should be thoroughly considered in the United
States.
Warsaw ZOLNIERZ WOLNOSCI 6 May 1966--A
(Anonymous article: "The Return of Frankenstein")
(Text) The New York TIMES. recently published a series of articles on
the activities and the political role of the CIA. The authors of the articles
openly state that the CIA not only collects intelligence in the nonalined
countries, but that it also interferes in the policies of these countries,
supporting military juntas for example. To this end it resorts to bribery,
blackmail, and even crime to remove inconvenient leaders. The paper also
publishes spicy details about cooperation with allied intelligence services.
It appears that the CIA does not have too much confidence in the allied
intelligence services and that "it spies on them a little."
The facts cited by the New York TIMES have been known to the world public
to a greater or lesser degree, but the Americans have never so openly admitted
to them. The American newspaper based its revelations on material collected
by its correspondents in the United States and abroad. The authors of the
articles state that many people in the United States regard the CIA as a kind
of Frankenstein.
In connection with these articles, the question arises as to who has
inspired this sudden flow of frankness on the CIA's activities. Does this
conceal a showdown between powerful political circles in Washington? It is
possible that new facts will appear to help answer this question with a greater
or lesser degree of probability. Below we print excerpts from the first
three articles:
"On 22 August 1962 the British freighter Streatham Hill, which had been hired
by a Soviet agency, put into San Juan, Puerto Rico for repairs. The ship
carried 80,000 sacks of sugar for the Soviet Union. It was placed in drydock
and 14,135 sacks were taken off to facilitate repairs. The sacks were deposited
in bonded customs warehouses because of the embargo on Cuban sugar. The
warehouses were entered by CIA agents who contaminated the sugar with a
harmless but unpleasant substance .
"Some time later a White House aide found a document reporting on this sabotage
among other intelligence documents. He checked on this incident, confirmed
his suspicions, and informed President Kennedy to the dissatisfaction of CIA
leaders. The president was not only displeased but furious, because the
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operation was carried out on American territory and if discovered would
have provided the Soviet Union with great propaganda advantages, and
because it could create a dreadful precedent for chemical sabotage.
"President Kennedy ordered the retention of the contaminated sugar in
Puerto Rico. To give such an order was easier said than done. In the
end it was necessary for the CIA, the Department of Justice, the FBI, the
State Department, customs officials, and port authorities to combine their
efforts to unravel the whole thing. Those 14,135 sacks of sugar never
reached the Soviet Union. Whether the loss was compensated for was never
announced.
"It would not be fair to conclude that this was a typical CIA operation.
On the other hand, however, one must not regard the whole thing as a stupid
idea produced by an agent who lost control under the pressure of his anti-
communist sentiments. There is every reason to believe that a high-level
political decision was made somewhere to sabotage the Cuban economy wherever
possible. The sugar affair, despite its bungling character, was a result of
the general political decision by the CIA Plans Department and was probably
confirmed by a coordination group of deputy secretaries--a group that is
responsible for analyzing all operations that can have political consequences.
"Thus, it was not a well-prepared plan that misfired but a bad plan that was
bound to result in difficulties. The whole story is instructive because it
demonstrates the problems involved in control over CIA activities and explains
why so many critics from the very beginning have stubbornly questioned the
effectiveness of this control.
"First, there is the basic anxiety as to whether the CIA, despite its
resolute denials, does not sometimes make policy--probably not because it
wants to make it, but because it is capable of organizing a given operation
and continuing it regardless of where-it may lead without being constrained
by daily supervision or by restrictive instructions issued by the political
departments of the government.
"Operations such as sabotage of the Cuban economy can result in such
dangerous incidents as the contamination of sugar. They can gather Momentum
and take their own course, and their political consequences may not be foreseen
by the political people who initially approved these operations. It should be
stressed that, in going for the sugar, the CIA and its agents were no doubt
convinced that they were acting within their approved instructions and were
thus annoyed with what they termed 'interference' by the White House aide
who informed the President.
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"The CIA is now working on a very sensitive instrument that will be able
to record conversations going on inside a building by registering the
vibration of the windows caused by speaking voices. This is just one of
the many menacing gadgets that has debased the meaning of the word 'private.'
With the help of a gadget that is practically invisible, it is possible
to transform the electrical network of a building into a transmitter of
conversations taking place within.
"Disregarding the right to national and territorial sovereignty and to
people's private lives, U.S. Government officials praise CIA inventions
as something 'phenomenal.' They believe that the atmosphere everyikhere
is full of information and that the purpose of the technology of intelligence
is to gather this information and to translate it into knowledge.
"CIA analysts using computers can confirm that a new youth organization
in Bogota has probably fallen under the influence of the communists. This
information is traded to the local police by the local agent, who collects
photographs and telephone conversation tapes of all the suspects, organizes
and finances the activities of counterorganizations of, let's say, young
christians or social democrats, and helps them in propaganda efforts in
connection with coming elections.
"Scores and sometimes hundreds of CIA people have been employed on Taiwan
to train men who will be smuggled into Communist China.and to interrogate
refugees and deserters; to teach and befriend those who would take over from
Chiang Kai-shek; to broadcast programs to China; to organize harrassing operations
on the offshore islands; and to sponsor CIA operations in Laos, Thailand,
Vietnam, the Philippines, and Indonesia.
"The CIA shares the responsibility with London's MI-6 for targets of mutual
interest and compares information. Having had a bitter experience a few
years ago in Singapore, the CIA now leaves intelligence activities in Malaysia
to old Commonwealth detectives, probably offering in exchange its copious
material from Indonesia. Generally, cooperation is widely practiced with
Canada and Italy, and to a lesser extent with France. In West Germany, the
main area of the cold war, the CIA is much more active.
"The CIA office in Frankfurt supervises some American espionage operations
against the Soviet Union, interrogates deserters, and recruits agents for
service in the communist countries. In Munich the CIA maintains a number
of research groups and such propaganda outlets as Radio Free Europe, which
beams programs to eastern Europe, and Radio Liberty, which broadcasts to
the Soviet Union.
"The CIA also gathers reports supplied by informers from the communist world,
records communist radio programs, underwrites anticommunist lectures and
publications by Western intellectuals, and promotes their materials in
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every continent. It is believed there is little direct espionage on U.S.
allies. Even in such undemocratic countries as Spain and Portugal, where
one would expect more independent CIA activities, the operation is
described as moderate.
"The talent of the CIA in secret military operations was twice tested in
Latin America, as everyone knows. It was 'successful' against the leftist
government of Col. Jacobo Arbenz Guzman in Guatemala in 1954. Seven years
later an army organized by the CIA proceeded from its secret bases in
Guatemala and Nicaragua to begin the unfortunate invasion of Cuba at the
Bay of Pigs. The CIA has sponsored dozens of other operations in the
hemisphere, but not in such a dramatic way.
"The CIA gives 'technical assistance' to most Latin American countries,
helping them organize anticommunist police forces. It sets up anticommunist
organizations of students, workers, officials, businessmen, and peasants.
It sets up entire political parties. It organizes contacts between such
groups and American trade unions, institutes, and foundations. The CIA
spends money on election campaigns in Latin America, supporting moderate
candidates against leftist leaders such as Cheddi Jagan in British Guiana.
"In the past 10 years in Southeast Asia the CIA has been so active that in
some countries it has become the main spokesman of American policy. It is
said, for example, thatthe CIA was so successful in its infiltration of the
Indonesian Government and army that the United States was reluctant in
1964 and 1965 to withdraw the assistance under cover of which the CIA carried
out its activities. Although it is believed that the CIA was not implicated
in activities which have resulted in the restrictions on Sukarno's powers
in the past few months, the agency nevertheless occupied a position which
enabled it to watch events and to predict the appearance of anticommunist
forces.
"After helping Ramon Magsaysay to become president of the Philippines in
1953, supporting the family of Ngo Dinh Diem and Ngo Dinh Nhu in South
Vietnam in 1954, and assisting in the organization of the government of
strongman Phoumi Nosavan in Laos in 1960, the CIA agents responsible because.
for a long time much closer advisers and effective links to Washington
than the formally appointed American ambassadors in those countries."
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Bucharest SCINTEIA 27 April 1966--A
(Anonymous note: "A Burden for Foreign Policy")
(Text) The New York TIMES on Monday publishes an article written on the
basis of material gathered over several months by its five Washington
correspondents and by 20 other correspondents abroad which asserts that
the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency's reputation constitutes a burden
for U.S. foreign policy. The paper writes that the CIA, which "has
overthrown governments and has installed others in their place," is no
longer under the control of those who make the U.S. foreign policy.
Bucharest ROMINIA LIBERA 3 May 1966--A
(Nicolae'Lupu article: "The CIA Under Discussion")
(Summary) For a few days now the activities of the U.S. Central Intelligence
Agency have again been the subject of a political dispute. It was started
this time by the revelations made by RAMPARTS magazine that Michigan State
University Was used as a cover for certain CIA actions in South Vietnam.
The discussion has attracted attention not only because of its more or less
sensational aspects but primarily, by the problems of principle it raises
in connection with contemporary foreign relations.
The New York TIMES has published in serial form a searching investigation
concerning the agency's activities, based on the reports of 20 correspondents
and chief editors of missions abroad in more than 35 countries, as well as
information supplied by certain Washington correspondents who have inter-
viewed more than 50 present and former government officials, congress members,
and military men.
The newspaper begins the series by publishing the results of the investigation.
It set out to ascertain whether the CIA was a power unto itself or whether
it was controlled by the U.S. Government. This is the TIMES' conclusion:
"The investigation leaves no doubt whatsoever that, regardless of the agency's
mistakes and unhappy actions. . ., it is today acting not on its own initiative
but with the approval and under the control of the political leaders of the
U.S. Government."
There is another questions, however: is this the main problem? Not at all.
It is true that there are Americans with some authority who have a different
opinion than the New York TIMES; they think the CIA is acting as a state
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within the state. Two newspapermen, Thomas B. Ross of the Chicago SUN-
T:MES and David Wise of the New York HERALD TRIBUNE, have written a long
study entitled "The Invisible Government." They say in part: "In the
United States today there are two governments. One is visible; the other
is invisible. The first is the government about whose activities the
public learns by reading the newspaper and the children by studying their
books on civic problems. The second consists of the hidden network which
is implementing the U.S. cold war policy. The second, this invisible
government, deals with espionage and is planning and carrying out secret
operations throughout the world."
How can such activity be justified if the New York TIMES succeeds in con-
vincing its readers that it is controlled by "government political leaders?"
The TDIES series will make it possible to prove more strikingly the degree
of responsibility and association of these officals with what the TIMES says
is called "in officialese, dirty tricks."
"The principal problem which should be the subject of any discussion or
debate on the CIA then can be defined simply and briefly: Does the CIA
interfere in the internal affairs of other states? The answer should be
a prompt and unequivocal yes, since the New York TIMES supplies sufficient
data to support this conclusion.
"What other significance can be attached to the 'overthrowing of some
governments and installing in power of others?' If the U.S. ruling circles
want an agency which is more or less under control, that is their concern.
But this cannot he ignored by those who want to analyze the true characteris-
tics of a world which wishes to be labeled 'free.' CIA activities in
the world are anathema to all norms of international ethics based on respect
for the sovereignty and the quality of states regardless of size. The '
violation of these norms by the CIA has often brought mankind to the brink
of conflicts with incalculable consequences and, as such, has not only not
served the interests of the security of the United States but even endangered
these, together with those of many other states.
"The public discussion of the activities of this subversive and cold war
instrument represents an expression of the deep dissatisfaction within the
United States over the U.S. policy of intervening in the internal affairs
of other countries, even if there is a trend to channel the debate to serve
the interests of the policy of intervention."
Bucharest ROMINIA LIBERA 4 May 1966--A
(Anonymous article: "In the Dark and in the Light")
(Text) We publish below long excerpts from the lengthy investigation
carried out by the New York TIMES regarding the activities of the U.S. Central
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Intelligence Agency--the famed CIA. The purpose of the investigation was
not in essence to unmask the CIA's actions as to direct discussion of these
actions into secondary channels. Nevertheless, a number of facts come to
light in the discussion of the CIA which confirm that imperialism's aggressive
circles, in their mankind's march forward, are organizing all kinds of pro-
vocations, plots, and military interventions in various parts of the world
and are exerting political and economic pressure throughout the world.
These are machinations and practices which are anathema to the interest of
the security of the peoples.
In one of its first revelations the New York TIMES reports the following:
"On the bank of the Ituri River, eight kilometers south of Nia Nia in
northeast Congo, a column consisting of 600 soldiers of the government
army and 100 white mercenaries had fallen into an ambush by rebel troops
and was under intensive fire. Suddenly three B-26's split the curtain
of rain, dropped their bombs, and thus cleared a free path through the ranks
of the rebel troops for the forces supported by the United States.
"At the controls of the U.S.-made aircraft were Cuban pilots, veterans of
the 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion three years earlier, who had been recruited
by a private company in Florida. European mechanics hired on the basis
of ads published in some London newspapers were used to service their aircraft.
Their work was directed by a number of U.S. 'diplomats' and other persons who
apparently had official functions.
"In any case, the sponsor, paymaster, and director of all of them was the
CIA, with its headquarters at Langley, Virginia. The speedy and effective
provision of an 'instant air force' in the Congo was the climax of the CIA's
serious intervention in this region. The CIA's operation in the Congo was at
all times responsible to and welcomed by U.S. policymakers.
"It is precisely these responsible political factors who decided to transform
the CIA into an instrument of political and military intervention in the
internal affairs of other nations. From recording conversations to influencing
elections," continues the New York TIMES, "from blowing up bridges to armed
invasion, in the dark,and in the light, the CIA has become a vital instru-
ment of U.S. policy and a major component of the U.S. Government."
Returning to the events in the Congo, the New York TIMES stresses that in
1960, after this gigantic and underdeveloped country had achieved independence,
"the small and modest CIA office in Leopoldville mushroomed overnight into
a virtualjembassy and a miniature war department."
CIA agents abroad can be divided into two groups, the New York TIMES writes
and gives the following details: "The first group includes all those who are
engaged in the truly dirty work--the spies and counterspies, the saboteurs,
the leaders of paramilitary operations, and the inciters of new coups. Such
agents operate in the greatest secrecy and their activities only become known
when they have the bad luck to be caught and 'unmasked' for political or
propaganda purposes. Often, without knowing one another, the 'secret agents'
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are disguised as businessmen, tourists, professors, students, missionaries,
or members of a charity organization.
"The second group, by far the largest, includes those who are operating
under the looser cover of the official diplomatic mission. In the table
of organization of the mission they are listed as political or economic
officials, Treasury representatives, consular officials, or AID employees.
The head of the CIA station can be a special assistant to the ambassador
or a political official of the highest grade.
"Usually the number of agents abroad is a strictly kept secret, kept even
from such close presidential advisers as historian Arthur M. Schlesinger.
In his book IA Thousand Days' Schlesinger states that those who are 'operating
abroad under official cover' number almost as many as the State Department,
or approximately 6,600.
"The CIA has regional offices in 30 U.S. cities. These offices are overt
but discreet. Their telephone numbers are under headings such as the Central
Intelligence Agency or the U.S. Government, but no address is given. Whoever
wants to know the address must know the name of the office director.
"From time to time these offices investigate professors, businessmen, .
students, and even ordinary tourists whom they know intend to make a trip
to the socialist countries They.ask them to record their observations and
report to the CIA upon their return."
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Zagreb VJESNIK 28 April 1966--A
(Josip Vrhovec Lener dispatch: "The Invisible Government")
(Text) New York--It must be termed unusual when a nation's most prominent
newspaper investigates the nation's intelligence service to find out about
its clandestine activities abroad and at home, to evaluate just how far the
fear about its actions is justified and whether these actions do more harm
than good for the country.
This is precisely what the New York TIMES has done. Employing a large
team of reporters and editors who have worked in 35 countries, it conducted
an investigation that lasted for several months. The TIMES believes that
the results of this investigation,,which it is now publishing in serial form,
provide the American public with an authoratative document on this topic.
Although it had been unable to examine the correctness of each assertion
and rumor in connection with the CIA's underground work, the TIMES is never-
theless convinced that it has reached conclusions which will help the public
and the politicians finally put the affairs of the CIA into their true
perspective.
The latest concern about the activities of the agency was touched off by the
revelation that Michigan State University served as a screen for CIA activities
in Saigon, and that the CIA financed the center for international studies at
one of America's best known universities--MIT.
Secretary Rusk, speaking on television recently, sought to dispel this
concern. He stated that assertions that the CIA was an "invisible government"
were incorrect. He emphasized that the agency and its work were under strict
government control. He did not, however, go into the second and essential
problem: Are the assertions about the aCtivities of this agency correct,
and how far?
The TIMES investigation is also inclined to conclude that the CIA is not
an "invisible government." What is much more important for the TIMES is
whether "the existence of an effective CIA causes the American government to
rely too much on secret and illegal activities, on underground tactics,
on subversion," and on what is known in official jargon as "dirty tricks."
The CIA's reputation in the world and among many people at home is so bad,
the TIMES also concludes, that it has become the "Achilles heel" of American
foreign policy. The TIMES points out even the "craziest storied' are not
always wrong, because the CIA is "frequently involved, obviously even too
frequently."
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In the first installments of this series the paper asserts that Sukarno,
Sihanouk, Kenyatta, Nkrumah, and many other world leaders stanchly insist
that there is an "invisible government" behind the regular American govern-
ment--the CIA, which "threatened them with infiltration, subversion, and even
war." The notorious invasion at CUba's Bay of Pigs, the recently discovered
Singapore incident, the overthrow of Arbenz in Guatemala and Mossadeq in Iran,
the Guatemalan intervention, and the entire Congo operation "from the moment the
Comm became independent in 1960" up to the parachute landing in Stanleyville
were the most famous actions planned and carried out under CIA leadership.
The CIA, as the TIMES reports, succeeded in infiltrating an agent into
Nasir's cabinet. It organized secret radio stations which called on the
Egyptians to rise up and murder their president. It brought Diem to power
in South Vietnam. In Laos it played a dangerous game of poker with General
rhoumi Nosavan. It incited the officers in Java and Sumatra to revolt against
Sukarno and provided them with arms.
In the northwest part of the Burmese jungle it collected defeated Chiang
Kai-shek soldiers, provided them with arms and gold, and pitted them against
China. The goal, according to the TIMES, was "to provoke the Chinese into
retaliating against Burma. This then would have compelled Burma to seek
American protection." But this plan failed, the TIMES says.
According to the TIMES, a great battle was fought in the Congo from the
beginning against the danger that that country, under Lumumba's leadership,
might shift into leftist and "procommunist" waters. The government entrusted
the CIA with the task of organizing the struggle and conducting it by all
available means. It resorted to blackmail, giving automobiles, bribery, the
hiring of white mercenaries and Cuban escapees, the formation of air combat
units, and the liquidation of the rebels and any resistance. The CIA bought
Adoula, accepted Tshombe, and finally pushed Mobutu to the top, together with
ministers Nendaka and Ndele (as published). The prologue to this final
deed was the Stanleyville parachute operation.
During the 19 years of its existence the CIA has been a cause of concern to
two presidents: Harry Truman, who founded it, and John Kennedy, whom the
CIA involved in the invasion of Cuba. To date 150 resolutions have been
brought before the congress demanding strict congressional control over the
CIA, but they have all been withdrawn sooner or later.
Secretary Rusk has stated that the CIA "does not take actions which are
unknown to the high policy leaders of the government." The secretary spoke
of the intelligence work as about a hard fact of "real life." It is unpleasant,
no one loves it, but this was a field which could not be left entirely to the
"other side," he said. The secretary concluded this was "an endless war where
there's no quarter asked and nonegiven."
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The TIMES, however, questions how far U.S. political leaders should go on
approving the secret violation of treaties and borders, the financing
of putsches, and in influencing parties and governments without tarnishing
and retracting the ideas of freedom and self-government which they proclaim
to the world.
Unfortunately, the paper concludes, there are no easy and safe answers.
But even the asking of the question is in itself significant. In any
case, this magnificent journalistic research job is such that, while the
series is still being published, one cannot foresee its consequences.
Belgrade BORBA 6 May 1966--A
(Dispatch by TANYUG correspondent Davor Culic--all ellipses as published)
(Text) Washington--From time to time, and almost invariably when some affair
comes to light, people start talking about limiting the power of the CIA,
described by David Wise and Thomas B. Ross as the "invisible government" of
the United States.
In the 19 years of the CIA's existence, six large-scale explanations by the
administration and 150 congressional amendment proposals and a number of
other proposals for stronger political control over the CIA--a huge organization
of 15,000 people and even greater funds and means--have been unable to move the
problem from dead center.
The CIA--its power, influence, and organization--is now once again in the
news, this time because of a scandal involving Michigan State University
and a strange trial in Baltimore in which the defendant refused to furnish
information, stating that he was a CIA agent. Michigan State Wiversity
is reported to have served as a "screen" for the CIA in South Vietnam at the
time of Diem and to have been well rewarded for this.
Senator Eugene McCarthy has publicly stated that the CIA actually determines
the U.S. foreign policy and has thus usurped the role reserved for the U.S.
president and congress. Senator Stephen Young fully agrees with this opinion.
New York Mayor Lindsay, while still a member of the House of Representatives,
also criticized the failures of the CIA in congress.
After collecting detailed information for several months and enlisting its best
forces in Washington and abroad, the influential New York TIMES published a
five-part series in an attempt to inform its readers about the organization,
work, "successes," and "failures" of the CIA,and its power and influence on the
U.S. foreign policy and on relations with other states.
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The paper agreed that control should be strengthened, that espionage had
always been a "dirty job" which "unfortunately is necessary," and concluded
that mainly people and not the organization itself were responsible for
the failures and scandals.
Overthrowing regimes, financing coups and anticommunist groups, blowing
bridges, "dirty tricks," rigging elections--this is a part of the CIA's
daily routine, according to the paper. "The classic spy Mata Hari would
now envy the CIA agents," it says. The paper reports that the important
"successes" of 'the agency during the tenure of Allen Dulles, brother of
former foreign secretary John Foster Dulles, when it had its highest "ups
and downs," are now inscribed with golden words at its Langley headquarters,
located in a secluded place near Washington.
The "successes" range from the overthrow of Iranian Premier Moussadeq
and the Guatemalan government of Arbenz to the "tunnel" under East Berlin,
the "U-2" flights over Soviet territory, the forecasting of the explosion
of the Chinese atomic bomb, the recruiting of the sply Oleg Penkovskiy, the
Congo action which "protected" this African country from "communist domination,"
the recruiting of the spy Mustapha Amin in Cairo, the spreading of a network
in Indonesia, and so forth.
Among its failures are the unsuccessful invasion of Cuba by emigrees in 1962,
the downing of the "0-2" before the Paris summit, and some more "smaller"
actions. The events in the Dominican Republic are still too recent to be
judged.
It is neither denied nor confirmed whether the CIA had a share in the present
events in Indonesia, in the murder of Patrice Lumumba, in plans to liquidate
Nehru, in the war between India and Pakistan, and so forth. The New York
paper states that the CIA's activities have produced mistrust of the United"
States in a great many countries where the CIA is identified with the American
government. The paper's reporters also point out that "for more than 10 years"
the CIA has been "the basic instrument of American policy" in some southeast
Asian countries.
After innumerable interviews, the perusal of data, and the seeking of information
in the agency's citadel in Langley, where the CIA "brains" and some 8,000
planners, 2,500 of whom hold doctorates, work. the New York TIMES draws the
conclusion that it is impossible to enumerate all the actions and activities
of this powerful agency. "In Vienna, for example, the urine of a foreign
statesman was stolen to find out through an-analysis how long he would live. ? ?"
One person has done nothing else for years but keep a close watch on the
activities of President Sukarno.
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Or ". . . CIA agents sabotaged thousands of bags of Cuban sugar destined
for the Soviet Union and made President Kennedy unusually angry. .
. . The CIA also spies on its friends and allies. It has 'struck up
acquaintances' with the possible successors of Chiang Kai-shek. . ."
"After the failure of the Cuban invasion, President Kennedy angrily said
he 'would like to splinter the CIA to pieces' and let 'the wind carry it
away in all directions."
The CIA, however, was not destroyed, even after this. Dulles was replaced
by McCone, and he by Admiral Raborn, the present chief of the agency. A
certain reorganization was carried out and better coordination was achieved
between the White House, the State Department, and the CIA. Admiral Reborn
has no desire to conduct politics. He concentrates on the agency's long-
range plans and seeks appropriate means. . .
"Even the President is not always able to impose his will on the agency
without the agreement of its director," the New York TIMES asserts in its
analysis.
The paper concludes that "dirty tricks," pure espionage, sabotage, and direct
interference in the internal affairs of other countries are very dirty things,
but contrasts this to the "far-reaching interests" of the United States
in the cold war and in the "real" one which is now being waged. It feels a
little more congressional control would do no harm, but points out that
congress is well known for its frequent leaks of information. Therefore,
there is not much chance that either the present action of the New York TIMES
or the demands of Senators McCarthy and Young will fare better than the
previous 150 congressional amendment proposals.
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CUBA
Havana Domestic Service in Spanish 1200 GMT 27 April 1966--F
(Text) The New York TIMES says that the CIA has more spies in various nations
than diplomatic representatives. The newspaper published statistics yesterday
on personnel in U.S. embassies, pointing out that the number of CIA spies is
greater than that of diplomats and economic representatives. The newspaper
highlighted the fact that in many cases CIA agents comprise 75 percent of
embassy staffs and that they have more money than the ambassador and are
better informed than he is.
The Central Intelligence Agency has two types of agents abroad, the newspaper
says. One group operates as diplomatic or consular functionaries, or as offi-
cials of the Agency for International Development; the other group consists
of those who do the dirty work and whose activities are known only when
they are arrested by the police of the country to which they are assigned.
Havana in Spanish to the Americas 1400 GMT 30 April 1966--E
(Text) The New York TIMES admitted in its 29 April edition that the Central
Intelligence Agency is not an invisible government, as has been insinuated,
but is the real U.S. Government. During the past few days the New York
TIMES has been publishing revealing details about the spy activities of
the CIA, activities which the paper labels "dirty" and says involve "political
bribery," "blackmail," and "coup planning in many countries."
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CYPRUS
Nicosia KHARAVYI in Greek 28 April 1966--M
(Front page editorial: "Agents")
(Excerpt) This is not the first time that the Cypriot press--almost the
entire Cypriot press--has drawn attention to the activities of "secretaries"
and "counsellors" of the American Embassy here. The ink is still wet on
the charge by one of our morning contemporaries that American "diplomats"
were involved in the well-known affair of Lagoudhondis and his associates.
Our readers will also recall the disclosures of the employee of the American
radio station in Karavas, who returned to Azerbaydzhan and there revealed
the names of members of the American Embassy who had engaged in espionage
activities.
However, there is no need for retrospection. Everyone is aware of the
activities of the numerous staff of the superluxurious American Embassy.
Perhaps what is needed at this moment, particularly after yesterday's
unofficial admission by the TIMES about the true character of American
diplomatic missions abroad, is for the government to use its own services
to neutralize the subversive activities of American "diplomats" before it
is too late. We may be certain that the American CIA, whose hands are drenched
in the blood of so many people--white, black, and yellow--is not sitting here
in Cyprus with its arms crossed. Its official agents on.the island--the
three out of four who move about in diplomatic cars or even without them--
must be running riot at this moment when the imperialist conspiracy against
our people is in full swing.
The government should therefore neutralize them, and our people should
isolate both them ?and their offshoots.
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AUSTRIA
(Editorial Report) The socialist Vienna ARBEITER-ZEITUNG on 29 April
frontpages a 1,300-word report on the New York TINES series on CIA
under the headline: "CIA Stole Urine Sample in Vienna." The paper plays
up the New York paper's assertion that CIA agents stole from a Vienna
hospital a urine sample of a great foreign statesman--it assumes it was
either Ibn Saud or Sukarno--to have it analyzed to help establish the
life expectancy of the leader concerned.
The paper then summarizes the contents of the first three installments
of the New York TINES series, noting the paper's motivation for its
"massive attack" on CIA; the agency's activities in Guatemala, Vietnam,
Cuba, Iraq, the UAR, Singapore, and Indonesia; information on CIA's
organizational structure and general activities; and its role in U.S.
foreign politics.
Two other Vienna papers on 29 April carry brief inner-page reports on
the series. They stress the paper's assertion that Samos satellites
enable the Americans to monitor "Kremlin talks" and mention only very
briefly that the paper criticizes the role allegedly played by CIA in
U.S. foreign policy. NEUES OESTERREICH's 180-word article is headlined
"Satellite Spies--CIA Monitors Kremlin Talks," and VOLKSBLATT's 250-word
article bears the headline "Americans Can Overhear the Kremlin."
The communist Vienna VOLKSSTIMME on 1 May carries a 2,000-word article by
Otto Janecek entitled "The Eager Gentlemen of CIA." The author notes '
that the TIMES' series on the CIA attracted considerable attention even
though the paper "obviously attempted to avoid any real disclosures."
The article ridicules the TIMES' revelation concerning the Samos satellites..
At best,the article says,CIA will have on record such remarks as Kosygin
saYing to his driver: "Don't go so fast, Ivan." Commenting on the story
about CIA stealing a urine sample of an oriental potentate from a Vienna
hospital, the paper says it would not be surprising if it were true, knowing
how Vienna hospitals and the Vienna police operate and knowing the visiting
potentates.
The "really instructive" information in the series, the article declares,
pertains to the "daily routine work of CIA--the organizing of putsches and
coups d'etat, anticommunist propaganda, and the struggle for 'cultural
freedom." In connection with the latter, it points out that cultural
activities are financed from the same funds from which the "murderers of
Congolese Negroes" are paid.
Many of the New York TIMES revelations are "merely a confirmation of what we
communists and what the socialist countries have been asserting for decades,"
the article says. If there is anything surprising about it, the author states,
it is the "nonchalant matter-of-course tone in which the big American paper
has now admitted what almost the entire Western press has been vigorously
denying for years."
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AUSTRIA
Janacek then summarizes some portions of the report dealing with CIA
activities in friendly countries--the Congo, Algeria, Latin America,
Indonesia, Iran, the Philippines, and South Vietnam. Reporting on CIA
activities in Europe, the author draws attention to the fact that even
renowned periodicals such as the West Berlin MONAT and the Vienna FORUM
have been published by a CIA-sponsored organization, the "Congress for
Cultural Freedom." This, he adds, shows "in the most surprising and
conspicuous way how much CIA activities can acquire, so to speak, solid
middle-class respectability--the FORUM being a publication whose contri-
butors include half the Austrian Government and a good portion of what is
considered Austria's :political elite. The old FORUM was published until
December 1965. As of 1 January the periodical has called itself NEUES
FORUM. The differences are minimal.
"The responsible editor of the old FORUM, Dr. Guenther Nenning, is now the
publisher of NEUES FORUM, and the financial backers are said to be the same
as before, although the CIA share has somewhat declined while that of
Austrian agencies such as the Education Ministry has increased. This is
not, of course, re2orted by the New York TINES, however. The reports contain
several references to the fact that most private U.S. 'foundations' dealing
with so-called social science studies about East bloc countries are actually
also CIA institutions. There are some of these also in Austria."
Noting New York TIMES misgivings about CIA influence on U.S. foreign politics,
the article says U.S. foreign policy has arrived at a crossroads in the
Vietnam issue, and to question the soundness of the source of information
on which Johnson's entire Vietnam policy is based means to question the
wisdom of the U.S. Vietnam policy itself. The author adds: "Naturally, the
New York TINES officially gives another reason for its series. It argues.
that CIA activities have done great damage to the U.S. reputation in th world,
as if this were still possible. This semiofficial U.S. source has merely
:confirmed what nearly everyone knew--that the dirty intrigues of CIA and
the hypocritical official policy of the U.S. Government are merely two sides
of the same coin."
The independent Vienna KURIER of 2 May carries a 900-word unsigned article
with a New York dateline entitled: "CIA--Secret Weapon or Boomerang?" The
article gives a tight factual account of the series in the New York TIMES
and stresses that the paper's motive for publishing the series was not
sensationalism but the "deep concern of a responsible democratic press" over
whether the much-criticized CIA is really sufficiently supervised by the
government or is possibly acting too much on its own, doing more harm than
good. Noting the New York paper's positive comment on the excellent quali-
fications of high-level CIA personnel and its criticism of lower-level personnel
and of CIA's politically shortsighted actions, including the recruiting of
businessmen, scientists, and tourists as spies, KURIER says: "It 'must be
taken into consideration, however, that the other side employs the same
methods and that there no attempt is even made to bring the powerful secret
services under democratic control."
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AUSTRIA
(Editorial Report) The Vienna Independent KRONEN-ZEITUNG on 5 May carries
a 300-word Washington-datelined unsigned article with the banner headline:
"Did U.S. Agent in 1961 Steal Urine Sample of Khrushchev?" The article
quotes a story by the Washington correspondent of FRANCE-SOIR asserting
that the unnamed prominent statesman mentioned in the New York TIS
series in connection with the alleged theft of a urine sample from a-Vienna
clinic was Khrushchev. Citin7 FRANCE-SOIR as its source, KRONEN-ZEITUNG
? says Khrushchev was in a very bad mood throughout his Vienna meeting with
Kennedy in 1961. Since he complained of kidney trouble, his personal
physician wanted his urine analyzed, Despite the greatest secrecy observed
by the Soviet intelligence service, the CIA learned of it and, with the aid
of one or more Austrians, succeeded in procuring part of the sample and had-
it checked in Washington. The story adds that before the end of the conference
Kennedy was informed that Khrushchev's odd behavior was due to ill health.
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